ظنب

ظِنْبٌ The root, or lower part, or stem, (أَصْل,) of a tree. (IAar, T, K.) ظُنْبَةٌ A sinew (عَقَبَة) that is wound over the extremities of the feathers of an arrow, next the notch. (AHn, M, K.) ظُنْبُوبٌ The edge of the shin: (K:) or the tough edge of the shin: or the external part of the shank: (M, TA:) or the shin-bone: or the edge of the shin-bone: (M, K:) or the tough bone in the fore part of the shank: (S:) but accord. to Az, this term is not used in relation to animals that have أَوْظِفَة: [see وَظِيفٌ:] (T, TA:) pl. ظَنَابِيبُ. (S, M, K.) عَارِى الظَّنَابِيبِ Without flesh upon the shins (TA) is an epithet applied to a male ostrich. (S, TA.) قَرَعَ ظُنْبُوبَ البَعِيرِ means He knocked, or struck, the shin of the camel, that he might lie down, and he might mount him: or قَرْعُ الظُّنْبُوبِ signifies a man's knocking, or striking, the shin of his camel with his stick when he makes him lie down that he may mount him, as one in haste to betake himself to a thing: or striking the shin of his beast with his whip, [in the TA is here added ليترقه, which I can only suppose to be put for لِيُبْرِكَهُ, to make him lie down,] when he desires to mount him. (TA.) [See an ex. voce عُرْقُوبٌ. Hence,] قَرَعَ فُلَانٌ لِأَمْرِهِ ظُنْبُوبَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one struck his shin to betake himself to his affair] means such a one applied himself to his affair with diligence, or energy. (T, L, TA.) Selámeh Ibn-Jendel says, كُنَّا إِذَا مَا أَتَانَا صَارِخٌ فَزِعٌ كَانَ الصُّرَاخُ لَهُ قَرْعَ الظَّنَابِيبِ

[We were (such that), when there came to us one crying aloud, in terror, the clamour (returned) to him was the striking of the shins;] by which he is said to mean that a quick reply was given; calling the striking of the whip upon the leg of the boot, in urging on the horse, “the striking of the shin. ” (S.) You also say, قَرَعَ لِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ ظُنْبُوبَهُ meaning (assumed tropical:) He prepared himself for that affair, or thing: and agreeably with this signification the verse of Selámeh cited above has been explained. (M, TA.) And قَرَعَ ظَنَابِيبَ الأَمْرِ (tropical:) He made, or rendered, the affair manageable. (M, K, TA.) A poet, cited by IAar, says, قَرَعْتُ ظَنَابِيبَ الْهَوَى يَوْمَ عَالِجٍ (tropical:) I subdued love, or subjected it to my will, on the day of 'Álij;. as though I struck it on the shins; as a camel's shin is struck when one desires him to lie down, that he may mount him. (M, TA.) b2: ظُنْبُوبٌ also signifies A nail that is in the جُبَّة of a spear-head, [i. e., in the part into which the shaft enters,] (M, K,) where it is fixed upon the upper extremity of the shaft: and ظَنَابِيب has been said to be the pl. of the word in this sense in the verse of Selámeh cited above. (M, TA.) Quasi ظنى 5 تظنّى; originally تَظَنَّنَ: see the latter, in art. ظن.

ضرط

1 ضَرَطَ, aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K;) and ضَرِطَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) inf. n. ضَرِطٌ (S, Msb, K, in the Msb said to be of the latter verb,) and ضَرْطٌ (Msb, K, in the Msb said to be of the former verb,) and ضَرِيطٌ and ضُرَاطٌ, (K,) or the last is a simple subst., (Msb,) [a coarse word, signifying] He broke wind, i. e. emitted wind from the anus, with a sound. (S, K.) [When it is without sound, you say فَسَا.] Hence the prov., أَوْدَى العَيْرُ إِلَّا ضَرِطًا The ass had no power remaining except [that of] emitting wind from the anus, with a sound: (S, K:) applied to a vile, or an abject, person, and to an old man; and in allusion to a thing's becoming in a bad, or corrupt, state, so that there remains of it nothing but what is of no use: (K:) the last word is in the accus. case as denoting a thing of a different kind from that signified by the preceding noun. (O.) And أَجْبَنُ مِنَ المَنْزُوفِ ضَرِطًا [More cowardly than he who is exhausted by emitting wind from the anus, with a sound]: another prov.: [its origin is variously related: see Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 320:] or المَنْزُوفُ ضَرِطًا [or ضَرْطًا, for it is differently written in different copies of the K,] is a certain beast, between the dog and the cat, (K,) or between the dog and the wolf, (O,) which, when one cries out at it, emits wind from the anus, with a sound, by reason of cowardice. (Sgh, K.) 2 ضَرَّطَ see 4, in two places.4 اضرطهُ, and ↓ ضرّطهُ, (S, O, K,) He made him to emit wind from the anus, with a sound: (S:) or he did to him that which caused him to emit wind from the anus, with a sound. (O, K.) b2: اضرط بِهِ; and به ↓ ضرّط, (S, K,) inf. n. تَضْرِيطٌ; (K) He derided him, and imitated to him with his mouth the action of one emitting wind from the anus, with a sound; (S;) he made to him with his mouth a sound like that of an emission of wind from the anus, and derided him. (K, * TA.) اضرط بِالسَّائِلِ, said in a trad., of 'Alee, means He treated the asker with contempt, disapproving what he said; he derided him. (TA.) ضَرِطٌ: part. n. of ضَرِطَ. (Msb.) ضَرْطَةٌ [inf. n. un. of 1; A single emission of wind from the anus, making a sound]. It is said in a prov., of him who has done a deed of which he has not done the like before nor after, كَانَتْ مِنْهُ كَضَرْطَةِ الأَصَمِّ [There proceeded from him what was like the ضرطه of the deaf]. (Sgh, TA.) ضُرَاطٌ An emission of wind from the anus, with a sound: (S, TA:) or the sound thereof: (K, TA: [in the CK, صَوْتُ الفَقْحِ is put for صَوْتُ الفَيْخِ:]) a subst. from 1. (Msb.) ضَرُوطٌ: see ضَرَّاطٌ.

ضُرَيْطٌ: see سُرَّيْطَى.

ضُرَيْطَى: see سُرَّيْطَى.

ضُرَيْطَآءُ: see سُرَّيْطَى.

ضَرَّاطٌ and ↓ ضَرُوطٌ and ↓ ضِرَّوْطٌ are all [intensive] epithets from 1; (K;) [signifying One who emits wind from the anus, with a sound, much, or frequently;] the last mentioned by Sb, and expl. by Seer. (TA.) ضِرَّوْطٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

ضُرَّيْطٌ: see سُرَّيْطَى.

ضُرَّيْطَى: see سُرَّيْطَى.

ضِرِّيطَى: see سُرَّيْطَى.

أَضْرَطُ: see أَطْرَطُ, in art. طرط.

مُضَرِّطُ الحِجَارَةِ (assumed tropical:) [as though signifying He who makes the stones to emit sounds, from fear:] an appellation given to 'Amr Ibn-Hind, because of his strength and hardiness and courage, (S,) or because of the awe which he inspired. (A, TA.)

غوط

1 غَاطَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, TA,) inf. n. غَوْطٌ, (S, Msb, K,) It entered, or sank, (S, Msb, K, TA,) into (فِى) a thing; (S, K, TA;) as, for instance, the foot into sand; (S, TA;) and a man into mud, (TA,) or into water; (Msb;) and into a valley; (TA, in this art. and in art. غيط; in the former expl. by اِنْغَمَسَ;) and غَاطَ, aor. ـِ (S, TA,) inf. n. غَيْطٌ, (K,) signifies the same: (S, K:) both also signify he, or it, became hidden, (As, and K in art. غيط,) in the ground. (As.) You say also, غَاطَتْ أَنْسَاعُ النَّاقَةِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, The plaited thongs of the she-camel clave to her belly, and so entered, or sank, therein. (TA.) And غَاطَتِ الأَنْسَاعُ فِى دَفِّ النَّاقَةِ The plaited thongs caused their impressions to be visible in the side of the she-camel. (TA.) b2: It (a place) sank, or became depressed, in the ground. (ISh.) And It (anything) descended, or sloped downwards, in the ground. (TA.) b3: Also, aor. and inf. n. as above, He dug, excavated, or hollowed out. (TA: and in some copies of the K, الغَوْطُ is expl. by الحَفْرُ; but the reading given in the TA, in that instance, is الحُفْرَةُ.) A2: غُطْ غُطْ means Be thou with the جَمَاعَة [i. e. the mass, or main body], (IAar, O, K,) who are termed the غَاط, (O,) [be thou with them, not with the factious,] when فِتَن [i. e. factions, &c.,] come. (IAar, O, K.) 2 غوّط, inf. n. تَغْوِيطٌ, He gobbled [food]: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K: *) or gobbled largely, or in large mouthfuls: (K, * TA:) from غَوْطٌ meaning ثَرِيد. (TA.) A2: And تَغْوِيطٌ signifies also The making a well deep. (K. [See also 4.]) 4 أَغْوَطَ He made deep a well. (Fr, O, TA. [See also 2.]) 5 تغوّط (tropical:) He voided excrement, or ordure. (S, Msb, K, TA. [In the CK, اَنْدىٰ is put by mistake for ابدى.]) 6 تَغَاوَطَا فِى المَآءِ They two vied, or contended, each with the other, in plunging, or diving, in the water. (K, * TA.) 7 انغاط It (a branch, or twig, or the like,) bent. (O, K.) غَاطٌ: see غَائِطٌ.

A2: الغَاطُ signifies also الجَمَاعَةُ [meaning The mass, or main body, of the people]. (O, K.) One says, مَا فِى الغَاطِ مِثْلُهُ [There is not in the mass, or main body, of the people, the like of him]. (O, TA.) غَوْطٌ A hollow, cavity, pit, or the like, dug, or excavated, in the ground; syn. حُفْرَةٌ. (So in the K, accord. to the TA, on the authority of AA: but in some copies of the K, الغَوْطُ in this instance is expl. by الحَفْرُ: see 1, last sentence.) See also غَائِطُ.

A2: And i. q. ثَرِيدٌ [Crumbled bread moistened with broth]. (O: in the K ثَرِيدَة.) غَيْطٌ: see غَائِطٌ, latter half.

غَوْطَةٌ A [low, or depressed, place, or hollow, such as is called] وَهْدَة, in the ground. (ISh, K.) [See also غَائِطٌ.]

غُوطَةٌ A place comprising water and herbage: whence غُوطَةُ دِمَشْقَ, (Har pp. 130, et seq.,) i. e. the city, or district, of Damascus, (K,) which is a place abounding with water and trees. (S.) بِئْرٌ غَوِيطَةٌ A deep well. (TA.) غَائِطٌ A wide, depressed piece of ground or land, (ISh, S, O, Msb, K,) but not much depressed, and in some instances having acclivities [bordering it]; (ISh;) sometimes, as they assert, a league (فَرْسَخ) in extent, and having in it meadows; (AHn;) and ↓ غَاطٌ and ↓ غَوْطٌ signify the same; (O, K;) or the last is more depressed than the غائط: (IDrd, O:) and غائط is also applied to a valley: (TA:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَغْوَاطٌ, (S, Msb, K,) or this is pl. of غَوْطٌ, (IB,) and [of mult.] غِيطَانٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which is pl. of both these sings., (IB,) and غُوطٌ (S, Msb, K) and غِيَاطٌ. (K.) b2: Hence, (tropical:) A place in which one satisfies a want of nature; the custom being to do so in a depressed place, where one is concealed. (S, * Msb, * TA.) In the Kur [iv. 46, or v. 9], accord. to an extraordinary reading, it is written ↓ غَيْط, [a form now commonly used, and signifying a garden, but there meaning a privy place,] the original form of which may be غَيْوِط, and then غَيِّط, [and then غَيْط,] it being contracted; or, accord. to Abu-l- Hasan, the ى may be originally و, these two letters being in this instance interchangeable. (IJ.) You say, أَتَى الغَائِطَ, (S, TA,) and ضَرَبَ الغَائِطَ, (TA,) (tropical:) He satisfied a want of nature; (S, TA;) voided excrement, or ordure. (TA.) b3: And hence, (S, TA,) (tropical:) Human excrement, or ordure: (S, K, TA:) because they used to cast it away in a غائط: or because they used to go thither to satisfy a want of nature. (TA.)

سفه

1 سَفِهَ, (S, MA, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Msb;) and سَفُهَ, [aor. ـُ (S, Msb;) inf. n. سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ (S, MA, Msb, K *) and سَفَاهٌ, (S, MA, K, *) [all mentioned in the MA as of the former verb, and so in the TA when that verb is trans., but properly] the first is of the former verb, and the second is of the latter verb, (S, Msb,) and so is the third; (S;) He (a man, S) was, or became, such as is termed سَفِيه; (S, TA;) [i. e.] he was, or became, unwise, witless, or destitute of wisdom or understanding, or [rather] lightwitted. (MA.) b2: The phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَةُ, [of which an instance occurs in the Kur ii. 124, and] to which غَبِنَ رَأْيَهُ and بَطِرَ عَيْضْلَرRَهُ and أَلِمَ بَطْنَهُ and وَفِقَ أَمْرَهُ and رَضْلَرRِدَ أَمْرَهُ are similar, was originally سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُ زَيْدٍ [or rather سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُهُ i. e. Himself, or his mind, was, or became, lightwitted, &c.]; but when [the dependence of] the verb became transferred [from the نفس] to the man, what followed the verb was put in the accus. case by being its objective complement, for the phrase became identical in meaning with نَفْسَهُ ↓ سَفَّهَ [he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, &c.]: so say the Basrees and Ks; and it is allowable with them to make this accus. to precede [the verb]; like as it is allowable to say, غُلَامَهُ ضَرَب زَيْدٌ: (S, TA:) accord. to the K, the verb thus used has three forms; (TA;) you say سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ and رَأْيَهُ, (K, TA,) and حِلْمَهُ, (TA,) and سَفُهَ, and سَفَهَ, meaning حَمَلَهُ عَلَىالسَّفَهِ [which is virtually the same as سَفَّهَهُ i. e. he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, or unwise, &c., and in like manner his judgment, or opinion, and he made his gravity, or forbearance, or the like, to become levity, or hastiness, &c.]: or he attributed سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c., to himself, or his mind, and to his judgment, or opinion]: or he destroyed it; (K, TA;) agreeably with the meaning assigned to سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ by AO: (TA:) or this means he held himself in mean, or light, estimation; (MA, and Ksh and Bd in ii. 124;) and rendered himself low, base, or contemptible: (Bd ibid.:) but Lh says that سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ, with kesr [to the ف], inf. n. سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ and سَفَاهٌ, means حَمَلَهُ عَلَى

السَّفَهِ [or حَمَلَهَا], and is the approved form, and that some say سَفُهَ, which is rare: and accord. to J and others, (TA,) when they say سفه نَفْسَهُ, and رَأْيَهُ, they do not say it otherwise than with kesr [to the ف], because فَعُلَ is not trans.: (S, TA:) so that the three forms of the verb mentioned in the K require consideration: (TA:) accord. to Fr, when [the dependence of] the verb in the phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ became transferred from the نفس to the possessor thereof, what followed the verb became an explicative, to indicate that the سَفَه [or lightwittedness, &c.,] was therein; and by rule it should be سَفِهَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا, for the explicative should not be otherwise than indeterminate; but it was left in its state of a prefixed noun, and put in the accus. case in the manner of an indeterminate noun as being likened thereto; [the meaning, therefore, accord. to him, is he was, or became, lightwitted, &c., as to his mind;] it is not allowable, however, in his opinion, to make this accus. to precede [the verb], because the explicative may not precede; and similar to this is the phrase ضِقْتُ بِهِ ذَرْعًا, and طِبْتُ بِهِ نَفْسًا, meaning ضَاقَ ذَرْعِىبِهِ and طَابَتْ نَفْسِى بِهِ: (S, TA:) but this saying [of Fr] is disallowed by the grammarians; for they say that explicatives are indeterminate, and that determinate nouns may not be used as indeterminate: some of the grammarians say that إِلَّامَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ in the Kur [ii. 124] means الّا من سَفِهَ فِىنَفْسِهِ [but he who is lightwitted, &c., in his mind], i. e., who becomes سَفِيه; [the prep.] فى being suppressed [and the noun therefore put in the accus. case agreeably with a general rule]: Zj holds that the approvable saying is, that it means إِلَّا مَنْ جَهِلَ نَفْسَهُ, i. e., but he who is [ignorant or silly or foolish or] unreflecting in his mind: and in like manner, سَفِهَ رَأْيَهُ means جَهِلَهُ [i. e. he was ignorant, &c., in his judgment, or opinion]; and his judgment, or opinion, was unsound, without rectitude: and سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ signifies also he lost himself, or his own soul. (TA.) سَفِهَ الحَقَّ is likewise expl. as meaning الحَقَّ ↓ سَفَّهَ [He made the truth, or right, to be foolishness, or the like]; and Yoo held the one to be a dial. var. of the other, and the measure of the former verb to denote intensiveness; and accord. to this explanation one may say, سَفِهْتُ زَيْدًا meaning زَيْدًا ↓ سَفَّهْتُ [I pronounced Zeyd lightwitted, &c.]: or the meaning is جَهِلَ الحَقَّ [he ignored the truth, or right], and he did not see it to be the truth, or right: (TA:) or he regarded the truth, or right, as foolishness, or ignorance. (S and TA in art. غمط.) See also 2. b3: سَفِهَ عَلَيْهِ signifies جَهِلَ [i. e., when thus trans. by means of عَلَى, He feigned ignorance to him]; as also سَفُهَ, (K, TA,) and ↓ تسافه. (K.) b4: and سَفِهْتُ نَصِيبِى [and it is implied in the K that one says سَفَهْتُ نصيبى also, but only the former is authorized by the TA,] I forgot my share, or portion. (Th, K, TA.) b5: And سَفَهَ صَاحِبَهُ, aor. ـُ He overcame his companion in what is termed مُسَافَهَة [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (K.) You say, ↓ سَافَهَهُ فَسَفَهَهُ. (TA.) b6: سَفِهَتِ الطَّعْنَةُ, (JK, K, TA,) inf. n. سَفَهٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The spear-wound, or the like, emitted blood which came from it quickly (JK, K, TA) and dried up (وَجَفَّ [in the TK وِخف]): (K, TA:) so in the A. (TA.) b7: سَفِهَ الضْلَرRَّرَابَ, (S, K,) inf. n. سَفَهٌ, (TA,) He drank much of the beverage, or wine, without having his thirst satisfied thereby. (S, K, TA.) See also 3. and سَفِهَ المَآءَ (tropical:) He drank the water immoderately. (TA.) b8: And سَفِهْتُ and سَفَهْتُ signify ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ, (so in the CK,) in [some of] the copies of the K ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ, but the right reading is ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ [i. e. I was occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]: or, accord. to the copies of the K, تَضْلَرRَغَّلْتُ; but correctly, or ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ [i. e. I occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]. (TA.) 2 سَفَّهَ see 5. b2: [Hence,] سِفِهِهُ, inf. n. تَسْفِيهٌ, (S, Msb, K,) signifies جَعَلَهُ سَفِيهًا [i. e. He, or it, made him to be, or he pronounced him to be, lightwitted, &c.]; as also ↓ سَفِهَهُ; (K, TA;) on the authority of Akh and Yoo: (TA:) or he attributed to him what is termed سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.]: (S, Msb:) or he said to him that he was such as is termed سَفِيه. Msb.) and سفّه الجَهْلُ حِلْمَهُ Ignorance made him light, inconstant, unsteady, irresolute, or fickle; syn. أَطَاضْلَرRَهُ and أَخَفَّهُ. (TA.) See also 1, in three places.3 سافههُ, (S, MA, K,) inf. n. مُسَافَهَةٌ, (S, KL,) He acted [in a lightwitted manner,] foolishly, or ignorantly, with him; (MA, KL;) showed lightness, levity, weakness of mind, and lack of حِلْم [or gravity, &c.], with him. (KL.) You say, سَافَهَهُ فَسَفَهَهُ: see 1, near the end of the paragraph. [سافهه in this instance may mean as above, or may have the meaning here next following.] b2: He reviled him; or he reviled him, being reviled by him; syn. ضْلَرRَاتَمَهُ: whence the prov., سَفِيهٌ لَمْ

↓ يَجِدْ مُسَافِهًا [A lightwitted person found not a reviler, or mutual reviler]; (K, TA;) mentioned in the S. (TA.) [See also 5.] b3: سافه الدَّنَّ, (S, K,) or الوَطْبَ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He sat with (قَاعَدَ) the دنّ [or wine-jar], (S, K,) or the وطب [or milk-skin], (S,) and drank from it while after while. (S, K.) And سافه الضْلَرRَّرَابَ (tropical:) He exceeded the due bounds in respect of the beverage, or wine, drinking it without measure; (K, TA;) as also ↓ سَفِهَهُ. (K.) And سَافَهْتُ المَآءَ (tropical:) I drank the water immoderately, (Lh, TA,) or without measure. (A, TA.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.] b4: And سَافَهَتِ النَّاقَةُ الطَّرِيقَ (tropical:) The she-camel kept to the road, or way, (A, K, TA,) or took to it, (A, TA,) with a vehement pace: (A, K, TA:) or was light, or agile, in her pace, or going. (TA.) 4 أَسْفَهْتُهُ I found him to be سَفِيه [i. e. lightwitted, &c.]. (TA. [There said to be tropical; but I see not why.]) b2: أَسْفَهَكَ اللّٰه الضْلَرRَّرَابَ (assumed tropical:) May God make thee to drink of the beverage, or wine, without having thy thirst satisfied thereby: or أَسْفَهَهُ اللّٰهُ God made him, or may God make him, to drink without having his thirst satisfied: (S, accord. to different copies:) or اسفه اللّٰهُ فُلَانَّا المَآءَ God made, or may God make, such a one to drink much water. (TA.) 5 تسفّهت الرِّيَاحُ The winds became in a state of commotion. (TA.) b2: تسفّهت الرِّيحُ الضْلَرRَّجَرَ, (S,) or الغُصُونَ, (K, TA,) and الرِّيحُ ↓ سَفَّهَتِ الغُصُونَ, (Ham p. 359,) The wind made the trees, (S,) or the branches, (K,) to bend, or incline: (S, K:) and put the branches in motion: (K, and Ham ubi suprà:) or ruffled, and put in motion, the branches. (TA. [There said to be tropical: but see what is said of the primary signification of سَفَهٌ, below.]) b3: [Hence,] it is said in a prov., فُرَارَةٌ تَسَفَّهَتْ قَرَارَةً A lamb, or kid, made a sheep, or goat, to incline [to silly behaviour]: applied to the old whom the young incites to lightwittedness (السَّفَه) and levity. (Meyd. [See also a similar prov. in Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 253.]) b4: تسفّههُ عَنْ مَالِهِ He deluded him, or beguiled him, of his property. (S, K.) b5: تسفّه عَلَيْهِ He acted with سَفَاهَة [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.], or foolishly, towards him. (MA.) b6: And تَسَفَّهْتُ عَلَيْهِ signifies أَسْمَعْتُهُ [as meaning I reviled him]. (S.) [See also 3.]6 تسافه عَلَيْهِ: see 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph. b2: [And تسافهوا They behaved in a lightwitted, foolish, or ignorant, manner, one with another. See also 3, which has a similar meaning. b3: And They reviled one another: as seems to be indicated in the TA. See also Har p. 522: and see, again, 3.] b4: تَسَافَهُ أَضْلَرRْدَاقُهَا, in a verse of Khalaf Ibn-Is-hák El-Bahránee, [describing swift camels,] means Their sides of the mouth casting forth their foam, one at another: like the saying of El-Jarmee, تَسَافَهُ أَضْلَرRْدَاقُهَا بِاللُّغَامِ [Their sides of the mouth casting forth the foam, one at another]. (TA. [تسافه, there written without any syll. signs, is app. thus, (for تَتَسَافَهُ,) not تُسَافِهُ.]) سَفَهٌ, (S, TA,) as also ↓ سَفَاهَةٌ and ↓ سَفَاهٌ, (TA,) [all mentioned as inf. ns. in the first paragraph of this art.,] primarily signifies خِفَّةٌ [in its proper sense of Lightness], and motion, commotion, or agitation. (S, TA.) b2: And hence (S, TA) the first, (S, K, TA,) like each of the others, (K, TA,) signifies [generally Lightwittedness, or the like;] the contr. of حِلْمٌ; (S, K, TA;) [i. e.] خِفَّةٌ [as meaning lightness or levity, inconstancy, unsteadiness, irresoluteness; or lightness or levity, &c., and hastiness; for, as is said in the TA in art. رجح, the contr. of حِلْمٌ is described by the terms خِفَّةٌ and عَجَلٌ, like as حِلْمٌ is described by the term ثِقَلٌ]; and slenderness, shallowness, or weakness, of judgment; qualities which deficiency of intellect, or understanding, necessarily involves: (Bd in ii. 12, in explanation of سَفَهٌ:) or خِفَّةُ حِلْمٍ

[i. e. slightness of gravity or staidness or sedateness or calmness &c.]: or جَهْلٌ [i. e. ignorance, or silliness or foolishness]: (K, TA:) all of which explanations are nearly alike: (TA:) or سَفَهٌ is a deficiency in intellect or understanding: (Msb:) or a lightness, or levity, accidental to a man, arising from joy or anger, inducing him to act unreasonably and unlawfully. (KT.) سَفَاهٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سَفيِهٌ [Having the quality termed سَفَهٌ; i. e., accord. to the explanation of the primary signification of the latter, above, Light; and in a state of motion, commotion, or agitation:] applied to a camel's nose-rein, (S, K,) light: (S:) or quivering; (K, TA;) because of the she-camel's shaking it, and contending in pulling it. (TA: but there said to be, when thus applied, tropical.) Dhu-rRummeh says, عَلَى ظَهْرِ مِقْلَاتٍ سَفِيهٍ جَدِيلُهَا i. e. [Upon the back of a she-camel that had brought forth but once and not conceived after,] whose nose-rein was light. (S. In the TA, زِمَامُهَا is here put in the place of جَدِيلُهَا.) and one says also نَاقَةٌ سَفِيهَةُ الزِمَامِ, (K, TA,) meaning [A she-camel whose nose-rein is light, or quivering: or] light, or agile, in pace or going. (TA: in which this, also, is said to be tropical.) b2: Also Lightwitted; light of intellect or understanding; (TA;) deficient in intellect or understanding; (Msb;) ignorant; (Mujáhid, K, TA;) weak; foolish, stupid, unsound in intellect or understanding, dull therein, or having little, or no, intellect, or understanding; (Mujáhid, TA;) and ↓ سَافِهٌ, also, [which is syn. with سَفِيهٌ in all the senses mentioned above,] is expl. by IAar as having this last meaning of foolish, stupid, &c.: (TA:) the fem. is سَفِيهَةٌ: (Msb, K:) and the pl. of the masc., (K,) or of the masc. and fem., (Msb, TA,) is سُفَهَآءُ, (Msb, K, TA,) and of both, سِفَاهٌ, and of the fem., سَفِيهَاتٌ also and سَفَائِهُ and سُفَّهٌ. (K, TA.) In the Kur ii. 282, سَفِيهًا means, accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, Ignorant of the ordinances, or statutes; one who does not dictate well, and knows not what dictation is; for he who is ignorant in all his circumstances may not deal with another upon credit: accord. to ISd, ignorant or صَغِير [meaning under the age of puberty]; not ignorant of dictating, as Lh asserts it to mean, because it is added, “or not able to dictate, himself: ” this, says Er-Rághib, denotes سَفَه in respect of worldly matters: in the Kur lxxii. 4, سَفِيهُنَا denotes سَفَه in religion. (TA.) In the Kur iv. 4, the pl. السُّفَهَآء is said to mean Women, and young children; because they are ignorant of the proper object of expense: and I'Ab is related to have said that women are termed السُّفَّهُ and السُّفَهَآءُ: (Lh, TA:) Az, also, says that a woman is termed سَفِيهَةٌ because of the weakness of her intellect, and because she does not manage well her property; and in like manner are termed children as long as they are not known to be characterized by maturity of intellect, and rectitude of actions, and good management of affairs. (TA.) b3: ثَوْبٌ سَفِيهٌ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, badly woven; thin, flimsy, unsubstantial, or scanty in the yarn. (K, * TA.) سَفَاهَةٌ: see سَفَهٌ.

سَافِهٌ: see سَفيهٌ. b2: Also, applied to a man, (assumed tropical:) Vehemently thirsty: and so سَاهِفٌ. (Az, TA.) وَادٍ مُسْفَهٌ (tropical:) A valley filled [with water]: (K, TA:) as though it exceeded the due bounds, and became such as is termed سَفِيه: imagined to be from أسْفَهْتُهُ signifying “ I found him to be سَفِيه. ” (TA.) طَعَامٌ مَسْفَهَةٌ, (K, TA, in the CK [erroneously]

مُسْفِهٌ,) as also مَسْهَفَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) Food that incites [in the CK يُتْعِبُ is erroneously put for يَبْعَتُ] to the drinking of much water. (IAar, * K, TA.) مُسَافِهٌ act. part. n. of 3, q. v.

ومض

1 وَمڤضَ see 4.4 اومض It (lightning) flashed, gleamed, or shone, slightly, (S, A, Msb, K,) not extending sideways in the adjacent tracts of cloud; (S, K;) for when it does thus, it is termed خَفْوٌ; and when it extends high in the sky, without extending sideways to the right and left, it is termed عَقِيقَةٌ: (S:) it is also said of other things, beside lightning: (M:) and ↓ وَمَضَ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. وَمِيضٌ and وَمْضٌ (S, M, A, K) and وَمَضَانٌ (S, A, K) and تَوْمَاضٌ, (M,) signifies the same; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) or it (lightning) flashed faintly or weakly, and then disappeared, and then flashed again; (IAar;) and is also, sometimes, said of fire, (M, TA,) and of anything of a clear [or bright] colour: (El-' Eyn:) or both verbs signify it (lightning) gleamed, or shone. (Ham, p. 785.) b2: Hence, أَوْمَضَتِ المَرْأَةُ (tropical:) The woman smiled, so as to display her teeth: the glistening of her front teeth being likened to the flashing of lightning. (A, TA.) b3: And (tropical:) The woman stole a glance, or glances; (S, M, K;) as also اومضت بِعَيْنِهَا: (A:) or this last,(assumed tropical:) the woman looked, or gazed with widely opened eyes. (L.) b4: and اومض لَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ (assumed tropical:) He made a sign to him with his eye: (M:) or اومض فُلَانٌ (tropical:) such a one made a private, or secret, sign, (K, TA,) إِلَيَّ to me. (TA.) A2: Also, He saw the slight flashing, or gleaming, or shining, of lightning, or of fire. (M, TA.) وَمْضَةٌ [A slight flash of lightning, &c.] Yousay, شِمْتُ وَمْضَةَ بَرْقٍ كَنَبْضَةِ عِرْقٍ [I looked at a slight flash of lightning, like a single pulsation of an artery, to see whither it tended, and where it might rain]. (A, TA.) بَرْقٌ وَمِيضٌ i. q. ↓ وَامِضٌ [Lightning flashing, gleaming, or shining, slightly; &c.: وميض in this case being app. an inf. n. used as an epithet.] (TA.) وَامِضٌ: see what next precedes.

مكن

2 مَكَّنَهُ He gave him a place: (Jel, vi. 6:) he assigned him a place, and settled, or established, him. (Bd, ibid, where see more.) You say also, مَكَّنَ لَهُ فِى مَنْزِلٍ [He assigned, or gave, him a place in an abode]. (S in art. بوأ.) b2: مَكَّنَهُ مِنْ شَىْءٍ, and ↓ أَمْكَنَهُ, He made him to have mastery, or dominion, or ascendancy, or authority, and power, over a thing; (Msb;) put it in his power. b3: مَكَّنَهُ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ, and مِنْهُ ↓ أَمْكَنَ, He empowered him, enabled him, or rendered him able, to do the thing: he enabled him to have the thing within his power. Ex. أَمْكَنَ ↓ يَدَيْهِ مِنْ رُكْبَتَيْهِ He enabled his hands to take and grasp his knees. from a trad. (Mgh.) 4 أَمْكَنَهُ مِنْ شَىْءِ He made him to have a thing within his power, or reach: enabled him to do, reach, get, or obtain, a thing. See 2. b2: أَمْكَنَهُ It was within his power, or reach; was possible, or practicable, to him. b3: أَمْكَنَهُ It became easy to him. (Msb.) It (an object of the chase) offered him an opportunity to shoot it or capture it; or became within his power, or reach. b4: أَمْكِنِى, said to a woman, [meaning Empower thou; i. e. grant thou access;] occurs in a poem. (S, art. عرض.) b5: أَمْكَنَتْهُ She granted him attainment.5 تَمَكَّنَ i. q. اِسْتَقَرَّ: (Msb, art. قر:) it is very often used in this sense, as meaning He, or it, settled; became fixed, or established; it became fixed, or steady, in its place; when said of a man, particularly implying in authority and power: see قَرَّ. b2: تَمَكَّنَ مِنْ شَىْءٍ, and ↓ اِسْتَمْكَنَ, He became possessed of mastery, or dominion, or ascendancy, or authority, and power, over a thing; he was able to avail himself of it: [he was, or became, within reach of him, or it.] (Msb.) b3: تَمَكَّنَ مِنْهُ He assumed authority over him.10 اِسْتَمْكَنَ : see 5. b2: He, or it, was, or became, firm. It seems sometimes to mean It (a plant) took firm root.

مُكْنَةٌ , (Msb, TA,) with damm, (TA,) Power; (Msb, * TA;) ability; (TA;) strength. (Msb.) مَكِنَةٌ i. q. تَمَكُّنُ. (Sh, TA.) b2: النَّاسُ عَلَى مَكِنَاتِهِمْ means على مَقَارِّهِمْ. (IAar, TA.) مَكَّانُ : see مَصَّانٌ in art. مص.

مَكْنَانٌ : see رَيِّحَةٌ.

مَكَانَةٌ Greatness, and high rank or standing, in the estimation of the Sultán: (Msb:) an honourable place in the estimation of a king. (K.) جَلَسَ مُتَمَكِّنًا He sat in a firm, or settled, posture; as when one sits cross-legged.

صخر

2 تَصْخِيرٌ [inf. n. of صَخَّرَ] i, q. تَسْخِيرٌ. (K.) صَخْرٌ (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ صَخَرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the latter on the authority of Yaakoob, (S,) thus sometimes pronounced, (Msb,) Rocks; or great masses of stone: (S:) or great masses of hard stone: (A, K:) and صَخْرَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and صَخَرَةٌ (S, Msb, K) [are the ns. un., signifying] one thereof, (S, A, K,) or these have a more special signification [as meaning a rock and a mass of rock]: (Msb:) pl. صُخُورٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and صُخُورَةٌ (A, Sgh, L) and [of صَخْرَةٌ and صَخَرَةٌ] صَخَرَاتٌ. (Msb, K. [In the latter, صَخْرٌ and صَخَرٌ, as well as صُخُورٌ and صَخَرَاتٌ, are improperly termed pls. of صخرة.]) By صَخْرَة in the Kur xxxi. 15 is meant a صخرة that is beneath the ground. (Zj, TA.) And by the صَخْرَة mentioned in a trad. as being of, or from, Paradise is meant the صخرة [or rock] of Jerusalem [in the centre of the building now called “ the Dome of the Rock ”]. (TA.) صَخَرٌ; n. un. صَخَرَةٌ: see صَخْرٌ.

صَخِرٌ A place abounding in rocks, or great masses of hard stone; as also ↓ مُصْخِرٌ. (K.) صَخِيرٌ A certain plant. (K.) [Golius explains this as meaning Great, applied to a rock, or mass of stone; and so مَصْخَرٌ; on the authority of J: but neither of these do I find in the S.]

صَخِيرَةٌ: see صَحِيرَةٌ.

صَاخِرٌ The sound of iron [striking] upon iron. (K.) صَاخِرَةٌ A kind of earthen vessel, (S, A, K,) out of which one drinks. (A.) أَصْخَرُ الوَجْهِ (tropical:) A hard-faced man; one having little shame. (A.) مُصْخِرٌ; see صَخِرٌ.

شهو

1 شَهِيَهُ and شَهَاهُ: see 8.

A2: شَهَا, aor. ـُ and شَهِىَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. شَهْوَةٌ; It [food &c.] was good, sweet, pleasant, or the like. (MA. [But this, the only meaning there assigned to these two verbs, I do not find elsewhere.]) 2 شَهَّيْتُهُ [I made him, or caused him, to desire, to long, or to desire eagerly]. (Msb.) b2: [and شهّى It excited desire, longing, eager desire, or appetence. For ex., in art. سمق in the K, يُشَهِّى is said of the سُمَّاق, or berry of the sumach, meaning It excites appetence.] b3: And شهّى الشَّىْءَ He, or it, caused the thing to be desired, longed for, or desired eagerly: made it to be good, sweet, pleasant, or the like. (MA.) One says, هٰذَا شَىْءٌ يُشَهِّى الطَّعَامَ i. e. [This is a thing that causes the food to be desired, &c.; that makes it sweet, &c.; or] that incites to desire, or eager desire, of the food. (S, TA.) b4: [And accord. to an explanation of the inf. n., تَشْهِيَةٌ, in the KL, شهّاهُ seems to signify also He said to him, I will give to thee what thou desirest, longest for, or eagerly desirest; agreeably with a rendering of the verb alone, as on the authority of that work, by Golius.]3 شاهاهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. مُشَاهَاةٌ, (TA,) He was, or became, like him; he resembled him. (K, TA.) A2: Also He jested, or joked, with him: (IAar, TA:) [and] so هَاشَاهُ. (K in art. هشو.) b2: And accord. to IAar, it is also used in relation to the smiting action of the [evil] eye [perhaps meaning He vied with him in smiting with the evil eye: see also 4]. (TA.) 4 اشهاهُ He gave him what he desired or eagerly desired. (K.) b2: And He smote him with an [evil] eye: (K:) in this sense [said to be] formed by transposition from أَشَاهَهُ. (TA.) A2: مَا أَشْهَاهَا إِلَىَّ means that she is desired, or eagerly desired, [i. e. How great an object of desire is she to me!] as though it were from شُهِىَ, though this was not said: and مَا أَشْهَانِى لَهَا means that thou art desiring, or eagerly desiring, [i. e. How desirous, or eagerly desirous, am I of her!] so says Sb. (TA.) 5 تشهّى He demanded with repeated desire. (K, TA.) So in the saying, (TA,) تشهّى عَلَى

فُلَانٍ كَذَا (S, TA) [He demanded with repeated desire, of such a one, such a thing]. b2: See also what next follows.8 اشتهاهُ (S, &c.) He desired it, or longed for it: (Msb:) he loved it; and desired it, or wished for it: (K:) or he desired it eagerly, or intensely: (M in art. فرس: [see an ex. in a poetical citation voce فَرَّسَ:]) and ↓ شَهِيَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K;) as also ↓ شَهَاهُ, aor. ـُ (Az, Msb, K;) inf. n. شَهْوَةٌ (S, TA) and شَاهِيَةٌ, which last is an inf. n. [of a rare class] like عَاقِبَةٌ; (TA;) signifies the same: (S, Msb, K:) and so does ↓ تشهّاهُ. (K.) [See what next follows.]

شَهْوَةٌ [mentioned above as an inf. n.] is a word of well-known meaning; (S;) Desire, or longing, or yearning, of the soul for a thing; (Er-Rághib, Msb, TA;) [meaning for a thing gratifying to sense: or eager, or intense, desire; particularly for such a thing; for] it has a more intensive signification than إِرَادَةٌ; and the intelligent agree in opinion that it is not commendable: (M in art. فرس:) [being either lawful or unlawful, it may be rendered as above: or appetite: or appetence: or lust: or carnal lust:] in the present state of existence, it is of two sorts, صَادِقَةٌ [i. e. true], and كَاذِبَةٌ [i. e. false]; the former being that without which the body becomes in an unsound state, as the شَهْوَة [or desire &c.] for food on the occasion of hunger; and the latter being that without which the body does not become in an unsound state: and sometimes it is applied to the object of desire &c., or thing desired &c.: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and agreeably with this last explanation the first of the following pls. is used in the Kur iii.

12: (Ksh, Bd, Jel:) sometimes also it is applied to the faculty to which a thing is made an object of desire &c.: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [also, to the gratification of venereal lust; thus in the K in art. شفر; see شَفِرَتْ and شَفِرَةٌ:] the pl. is شَهَوَاتٌ (Msb, TA) and أَشْهِيَةٌ and شُهًى; the last mentioned by AHei, and a rare instance of a pl. of the measure فُعَلٌ from a sing. of the measure فَعْلَةٌ having an infirm letter for its last radical, like جُهًى pl. of جَهْوَةٌ [and like قُرًى pl. of قَرْيَةٌ]. (TA.) [الشَّهْوَتَانِ means The two appetites, that of the stomach and that of the generative organ.]

الشَّهْوَةُ الخَفِيَّةُ [The latent desire &c.] mentioned in a trad. is said to be any act of disobedience which one conceives in his mind, and upon which he resolves: or one's seeing a beautiful young woman, and lowering his eyes, then looking with his heart, and imaging her to his mind, and so tempting himself. (JM.) [شَهْوَةُ الطِّينِ, lit. The longing for clay, is app. used as a general term for malacia: see حُمَّاضٌ.]

شَهْوَانُ (S, Msb, K, TA) and ↓ شَهْوَانِىٌّ and ↓ شَهِىٌّ, (K, TA,) applied to a man, Desirous, or longing; (S, * Msb, * K, * TA;) or very desirous or longing; greedy; or voracious: (TA:) fem. (of the first, Msb) شَهْوَى: (Msb, K, TA:) pl. [of the first] شَهَاوَى, (K, TA,) like سَكَارَى [pl. of سَكْرَانُ]. (TA.) [See an ex. of the pl. in a verse cited voce جَرْدَبَانٌ.] One says, رَجُلٌ شَهْوَانُ لِلشَّىْءِ [A man desirous &c. of the thing]. (S.) شَهْوَانِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَهِىٌّ i. q. ↓ مُشْتَهًى (S, Msb) [i. e. Desired, longed for, or eagerly desired:] or pleasant, delicious, or sweet: (Msb, TA:) applied to food, (S,) and to water. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَبُو الشَّهِىِّ (assumed tropical:) The بَرْبَط [or Persian lute]. (KL.) b3: [and Golius adds, as on the authority of a gloss in a copy of the KL, (assumed tropical:) The water-melon (anguria).]

A2: See also شَهْوَانُ.

شَهَّآءٌ A man having much, or frequent, desire or longing or eager desire. (TA.) [See also شَهْوَانُ.]

شَاهٍ [act. part. n. of 1; Desiring, or longing; &c.]. (Sb, TA.) A2: شَاهِى البَصَرِ A man sharp of sight: (S, K:) formed by transposition from شَائِهُ البَصَرِ. (S.) أَشْهَى [More, and most, desirable, or pleasant or delicious or sweet]. One says, هُوَ أَشْهَى إِلَىَّ مِنْ كَذَا [It is more desirable, or pleasant &c., to me, or in my estimation, than such a thing]. (Msb voce إِلَى.) See also another ex. in a verse cited voce إِلَى, in art. الو.

مُشْتَهًى: see شَهِىٌّ. b2: [Used as a subst., its pl. is مُشْتَهَيَاتٌ.]

مصخ

1 مَصَخَ, aor. ـَ (L,) inf. n. مَصْخٌ; and ↓ امتصخ and ↓ تمصّخ; (L, K;) He pulled away a thing (L, K) from the inside of another thing, (L,) and took it: (K:) and مَصَخَ and ↓ امتصخ he pulled away an أُمْصُوخَة of the kind of plant called ثُمَام, or of that called نَصِىّ, (S, L,) from within another امصوخة thereof, (L,) and took it: (S, L:) and ↓ تمصّخ he pulled out the white pith called امصوخة of the بَرْدِىّ. (AHn, L.) A2: مَصَخَ, inf. n. مَصْخٌ, a dial form of مَسَخَ, q. v. (L, K. *) 4 امصخ It (a plant of the kind called ثُمَام) put forth its أَمَاصِيخ [pl. of أُمْصُوخَة, q. v.] (K.) 5 تَمَصَّخَ see 1 in two places.7 إِمَّصَخَ, inf. n. إِمِّصَاخٌ, It (a child) became disunited from its mother; (K;) i. e., from the belly of its mother. (L, TA.) 8 امتصخ, It (a thing) became disunited from (عَنْ) another thing. (TA.) b2: See 1 in two places.

مَصُوخَةٌ A ewe or she-goat whose udder is flaccid at the base; (T, K;) as though it were disunited (امتصخت, i. e. انفصلت,) from the belly. (T, L.) مُصَّاخٌ A certain plant having coats (قُشُور) like the onion; (K;) of which Az says, I have seen, in the desert, a plant called مُصَّاخٌ and ئُدَّآءٌ having coats (قشور), one above another; whenever one peels off one أُمْصُوخة (or coat) there appears another; and its coats (قشور) are an excellent fuel: the people of Haráh (هراة) call it دليزاذ. (L.) أُمْصُوخَةٌ A sheath or coat, of a plant, enveloping, or surrounding, another sheath or coat, and the latter another, and so on: (T, L:) a خَوصَة of the kind of plant called ثُمَام, (S, K,) and of that called نَصِىّ; (S;) what is plucked from the نصىّ, like a rod; (AHn;) [i. e., a sheath of the ثمام or the نصىّ;] there is a species of the ثمام having no leaves properly so called, its leaves being sheaths (أَنَابِيب) set one into another, each sheath (أُنْبُوبَة) of which is called امصوخة, and when it is pulled away it comes forth from the inside of another, as though it were a stopper taken out from a vessel in which collyrium (كُحْل) is kept: (Lth:) pl. أُمْصُوخٌ and أَمَاصِيخُ: (S, K:) the former is a lexicological pl., [or rather a coll. gen. n., of which امصوخة is the n. un.,] and the latter is the proper pl. (TA.) b2: Also, The white pith of the بَرْدِىّ. (AHn.)