فارِسُ:
ولاية واسعة وإقليم فسيح، أول حدودها من جهة العراق أرّجان ومن جهة كرمان السّيرجان ومن جهة ساحل بحر الهند سيراف ومن جهة السند مكران، قال أبو علي في القصريات: فارس اسم البلد وليس باسم الرجل ولا ينصرف لأنه غلب عليه التأنيث كنعمان وليس أصله بعربي بل هو فارســيّ معرّب أصله بارس وهو غير مرتضى فعرّب فقيل فارس، قال بطليموس في كتاب ملحمة البلاد: مدينة فارس طولها ثلاث وستون درجة، وعرضها أربع وثلاثون درجة، طالعها الحوت تسع درجات منه تحت عشر درج من السرطان من الإقليم الرابع، لها شركة في سرّة الجوزاء، يقابلها عشر درج من الجدي، بيت عاقبتها مثلها من الميزان، بيت ملكها مثلها من الحمل، وهي في هذه الولاية من أمهات المدن المشهورة غير قليل، وقد ذكرت في مواضعها، وقصبتها الآن شيراز، سميت بفارس بن علم بن سام بن نوح، عليه السلام، وقال ابن الكلبي: فارس بن ماسور بن سام ابن نوح، وقال أبو بكر أحمد بن أبي سهل الحلواني:
الذي أحفظ فارس بن مدين بن إرم بن سام بن نوح، وقيل: بل سميت بفارس بن طهمورث وإليه ينسب الفــرس لأنهم من ولده، وكان ملكا عادلا قديما قريب العهد من الطوفان، وكان له عشرة بنين، وهم: جم وشيراز وإصطخر وفسا وجنّابة وكسكر وكلواذى وقرقيسيا وعقرقوف، فأقطع كل واحد منهم البلد الذي سمّي به، ووافق من العربية أن يقال: رجل فارس بيّن الفروسية والفراسة من ركوب الفــرس، وفارس بيّن الفراسة إذا كان جيّد النظر والحدس، هذا مصدره بالكسر، ويقال: إنه لفارس بهذا الأمر إذا كان عالما به، والفارس: الحاذق بما يمارس، والعجم لا يقولون لهذا البلد إلا بارس، بالباء الموحدة، وقال الإصطخري: فارس على التربيع إلا من الزاوية التي تلي أصبهان والزاوية التي تلي كرمان مما يلي المفازة وفي الحد الذي يلي البحر تقويس قليل من أوله إلى آخره، وإنما قلنا إن في زاويتها مما يلي كرمان وأصبهان زنقة لأن من شيراز وهي وسط فارس إليهما من المسافة نحوا من نصف ما بين شيراز وخوزستان وبين شيراز وجروم كرمان، وليس بفارس بلد إلا وبه جبل أو يكون الجبل بحيث لا تراه إلا اليسير، وكورها المشهورة خمس، فأوسعها كورة إصطخر ثم أردشير خرّه ثم كورة دارابجرد ثم كورة سابور ثم قباذ خرّه، ونحن نصف كل كورة من هذه في موضعها، وبها خمسة رموم: أكبرها رمّ جيلويه ثم رمّ أحمد ابن الليث ثم رمّ أحمد بن الصالح ثم رمّ شهريار ثم رمّ أحمد بن الحسن، فالرم منزل الأكراد ومحلتهم، وقد روي في فارس فضائل كثيرة، منها
قال ابن لهيعة: فارس والروم قريش العجم، وقد روي عن النبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أنه قال:
أبعد الناس إلى الإسلام الروم ولو كان الإسلام معلقا بالثريّا لتناولته فارس، وكانت أرض فارس قديما قبل الإسلام ما بين نهر بلخ إلى منقطع أذربيجان وأرمينية الفارســية إلى الفرات إلى برّية العرب إلى عمان ومكران وإلى كابل وطخارســتان وهذا صفوة الأرض وأعدلها فيما زعموا، وفارس خمس كور: إصطخر وسابور وأردشير خرّه ودارابجرد وأرّجان، قالوا:
وهي مائة وخمسون فــرســخا طولا ومثلها عرضا، وأما فتح فارس فكان بدؤه أن العلاء الحضرمي عامل أبي بكر ثم عامل عمر على البحرين وجّه عرفجة بن هرثمة البارقي في البحر فعبره إلى أرض فارس ففتح جزيرة مما يلي فارس فأنكر عمر ذلك لأنه لم يستأذنه وقال: غررت المسلمين، وأمره أن يلحق بسعد بن أبي وقاص بالكوفة لأنه كان واحدا على سعد فأراد قمعه بتوجهه إليه على أكره الوجوه، فسار نحوه، فلما بلغ ذا قار مات العلاء الحضرمي وأمر عمر عرفجة بن هرثمة أن يلحق بعتبة بن فرقد السلمي بناحية الجزيرة ففتح الموصل وولّى عمر، رضي الله عنه، عثمان بن أبي العاصي الثقفي على البحرين وعمان فدوّخها واتسقت له طاعة أهلها، فوجّه أخاه الحكم بن أبي العاصي في البحر إلى فارس في جيش عظيم ففتح جزيرة لافت وهي جزيرة بركاوان ثم سار إلى توّج، ففتحها كما نذكره في توج، واتسق فتح فارس كلها في أيام عثمان بن عفان كما نذكره متفرقا عند كل مدينة نذكرها، وكان المستولي على فارس مرزبان يقال له سهرك فجمع جموعه والتقى المسلمين بريشهر فانهزم جيشه وقتل، كما نذكره في ريشهر، فضعفت فارس بعده، وكتب عمر بن الخطّاب، رضي الله عنه، إلى عثمان بن أبي العاصي أن يعبر إلى فارس بنفسه، فاستخلف أخاه المغيرة، وقيل: إنه جاءه حفص بالبحرين وعمان وعبر إلى فارس ومدينة توج وجعل يغير على بلاد فارس وكتب عمر إلى أبي موسى الأشعري بمظاهرة عثمان بن أبي العاصي على أرض فارس، فتتابعت إليه الجيوش حتى فتحت، وكان أبو موسى يغزو فارس من البصرة ثم يعود إليها، وخراج فارس ثلاثة وثلاثون ألف ألف درهم بالكفاية، وذكر أن الفضل بن مروان وزير المتوكل قبلها بخمسة وثلاثين ألف ألف درهم بالكفاية على أنه لا مؤونة على السلطان، وجباها الحجّاج بن يوسف مع الأهواز ثمانية عشر ألف ألف درهم، وقال بعض شعراء الفــرس يمدح هذه البلاد:
في بلدة لم تصل عكل بها طنبا ... ولا خباء ولا عكّ وهمدان
ولا لجرم ولا الأتلاد من يمن، ... لكنها لبني الأحرار أوطان
أرض يبنّي بها كسرى مساكنه، ... فما بها من بني اللّخناء إنسان
وبنواحي فارس من أحياء الأكراد ما يزيد على خمسمائة ألف بيت شعر ينتجعون المراعي في الشتاء والصيف على مذاهب العرب، وبفارس من الأنهار الكبار التي تحمل السفن نهر طاب ونهر سيرين ونهر الشاذكان ونهر درخيد ونهر الخوبذان ونهر سكان ونهر جــرســق ونهر الإخشين ونهر كرّ ونهر فرواب ونهر بيرده، ولها من البحار بحر فارس وبحيرة البجكان وبحيرة دشت أرزن وبحيرة التوز وبحيرة الجوذان وبحيرة جنكان، قال: وأما القلاع فانه يقال فيما بلغني إن لفارس زيادة على خمسة آلاف قلعة مفردة في الجبال
وبقرب المدن وفي المدن ولا يتهيأ تقصّيها إلا من الدواوين، ومنها قلاع لا يمكن فتحها البتة بوجه من الوجوه، منها قلعة ابن عمارة، وهي قلعة الديكدان، وقلعة الكاريان وقلعة سعيدآباذ وقلعة جوذرز وقلعة الجصّ وغير ذلك، ونحن نصفها في مواضعها من هذا الكتاب إن شاء الله تعالى.

الــرَّسّ:
بفتح أوّله، والتشديد: البئر، والــرّس:
المعدن، والــرس: إصلاح ما بين القوم، قال أبو منصور: قال أبو إسحاق الــرس في القرآن بئر يروى أنّهم قوم كذبوا نبيهم ورسّــوه في بئر أي دسّوه فيها، قال: ويروى أن الــرس قرية باليمامة يقال لها فلج، وروي أن الــرس ديار لطائفة من ثمود، وكلّ بئر رسّ، ومنه قول الشاعر:
تنابيله يحفرون الــرســاسا
وقال ابن دريد: الــرّس والــرّســيس بوزن تصغير الــرس واديان بنجد أو موضعان، وبعض هذه أرادت ابنة مالك بن بدر ترثي أباها إذ قتلته بنو عبس بمالك ابن زهير فقالت:
ولله عينا من رأى مثل مالك ... عقيرة قوم، إن جرى فــرســان
فليتهما لم يشربا قطّ شربة، ... وليتهما لم يــرســلا لرهان
أحلّ به أمس جنيدب نذره، ... فأيّ قتيل كان في غطفان
إذا سجعت بالرّقمتين حمامة، ... أو الــرّسّ، تبكي فارس الكتفان
وقال الزمخشري: قال عليّ الــرّس من أودية القبلية، وقال غيره: الــرسّ ماء لبني منقذ بن أعياء من بني أسد، قال زهير:
لمن طلل كالوحي عاف منازله، ... عفا الــرّسّ منه فالــرّســيس فعاقله
وقال أيضا:
بكرن بكورا واستحرن بسحرة، ... فهنّ لوادي الــرّسّ كاليد للفم
وقال الأصمعي: الــرس والــرســيس، فالــرس لبني أعياء رهط حمّاس، والــرســيس لبني كاهل، وقال آخرون في قوله عزّ وجل: وأصحاب الــرسّ وقرونا بين ذلك كثيرا، قال: الــرس وادي أذربيجان وحد أذربيجان ما وراء الــرّسّ، ويقال إنّه كان بأرّان على الــرّس ألف مدينة فبعث الله إليهم نبيّا يقال له موسى، وليس بموسى بن عمران، فدعاهم إلى الله والإيمان به فكذّبوه وجحدوه وعصوا أمره فدعا عليهم فحوّل الله الحارث والحويرث من الطائف فأرســلهما عليهم فيقال أهل الــرس تحت هذين الجبلين، ومخرج الــرس من قاليقلا ويمرّ بأرّان ثمّ يمرّ بورثان ثمّ يمرّ بالمجمع فيجتمع هو والكرّ وبينهما مدينة البيلقان ويمرّ الكر والــرسّ جميعا فيصبّان في بحر جرجان، والــرس هذا واد عجيب فيه من السمك أصناف كثيرة، وزعموا أنّه يأتيه في كلّ شهر جنس من السمك لم يكن من قبل، وفيه سمك يقال له الشورماهي لا يكون إلّا فيه، ويجيء إليه في كلّ سنة في وقت معلوم صنف منه، وقال مسعر بن المهلهل وقد ذكر بذّ بابك ثمّ قال: وإلى جانبه نهر الــرس وعليه رمان عجيب لم أر في بلد من البلدان مثله، وبها تين عجيب، وزبيبها يجفّف في التنانير لأنّه لا شمس عندهم لكثرة الضباب ولم تصح السماء عندهم قطّ، ونهر الــرس يخرج إلى صحراء البلاسجان، وهي إلى شاطئ البحر في الطول من برزند إلى برذعة، ومنها ورثان والبيلقان، وفي هذه الصحراء خمسة آلاف قرية، وأكثرها خراب إلّا أن حيطانها وأبنيتها باقية لم تتغير لجودة التربة وصحتها، ويقال إن تلك القرى كانت لأصحاب الــرس الذين ذكرهم الله في القرآن المجيد، ويقال إنّهم رهط جالوت قتلهم داود وسليمان، عليهما السلام، لما منعوا الخراج، وقتل جالوت بأرمية.

عــرس: عَــرَّس (بالتشديد): خيمّ في العراء، بات ونام في الصحراء (تاريخ البربر 2: 385).
وانظر السطر التالي.
عَــرَّس: توقف في جهة ما. ويقال: عــرَّس ب (تاريخ البربر 2: 279).
عَــرَّس ب: مكث فيه زمناً، ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 155): ومضى في وجهه إلى بجاية فغــرس بساحتها ثلاثاً. والصواب: فعــرَّس كما جاء ففي مخطوطتنا رقم 1350.
عَــرَّس على: خيمَّ وعسكر قرب مدينة لمحاصرتها. (تاريخ البربر:283).
عَــرَّس: كدَّس كوَّم، ركم (فوك).
عَّــرس المتاع: فرَّع البضائع (معجم الادريسي).
عــرَّس: أعــرس، اتخذ عروساً (فوك).
تعــرَّس في: مكث في، أستقر في (فوك).
تعــرَّس: تكدَّس، تكوّم، تراكم (فوك).
عَــرِســة: (بفتح العين وكسرها): ابن عــرس، سرعوب، ابن مِقرض وهو حيوان من اللواحم يصاد به. (بوشر، همبرت ص64 وفيه عِــرْســة بكسر العين، باجني مخطوطات وفيه هَــرْســة).
عِــرْســة، وجمعها عِــرَس: كومة، كدسة. (فوك). وفي القسم الأول منه: عِــرْســة وعِرْصة.
عُــرْســيّ: زواجي، زفافي (بوشر).
العُــرْســيَّة: عند المولدين المهتمون بأمور العُــرس (محيط المحيط).
عَرُوس. عرائس: جمع عروس للذكر.
(فوك، الكالا) والجمع عَراس في معجم الكالا من خطأ الطباعة.
عَرُوس الفقهاء: اسم أطلق على أحد كبار الصوفية. ففي المقري (1: 583): عروس الفقهاء وأمير المتجردين.
عَرْوس: نيلوفر. (المستعيني مادة: نيلوفر).
عرائس النيل: زهور النيلوفر (بوشر).
عَروُس: آلة حربية، منجنيق، قذافة، عرّادة.
(معجم البلاذري). وينقل كاترمير في تاريخ المغول (ص284) عبارة وردت عند مير خوند فيها: عروسك آلة حربية.
عَروُس: نوع من السمك (الادريسي ص 162).
عَروُس: نوع من الطير (ياقوت 1: 885).
وفي ياقوت (4: 842) كلام عن طيور جميلة تسمى عرائس السر.
العروس: اسم منارة في جامع دمشق.
(المقري 1: 720).
عرَيس: وردت في ألف ليلة (1: 165، 325، باين سميث 1204، 1411، 1607). عَروُسة: أنظر المعنى الخاص لهذه الكلمة عند أهل مصر (لين عادات 2: 290).
عَرُوسَة المياه: حورية الماء، ربةً الينابيع، تزعم الأساطير اليونانية أنها تقيم في البحيرات والأنهار وتمنحها الحياة (بوشر).
عَروُسةَ: لفَاح، يبروح، نبات عشبي من الفصيلة الباذنجانية (المستعيني مادة ببروح).
عروسة الفيران: ابن عــرس، حيوان من الفصيلة السرعوبية ورتبة اللواحم يأكل الفيران. (فوك الكالا، أبو الوليد ص796).
عريسة (عُرَيسْة؟): ابن مِقرضْ، حيوان من اللواحم يصاد به. (بوشر).
العروسالة: ابن عــرس. ففي المعجم اللاتيني- العربي: ( Mustela) ابن عــرس وهو العروسالَّة) واللاحقة أسبانية.
عُرَيْوس، وعُرَيوْسة: لُعْبة، دُمْية (ألكالا).
عَرَّاسي: صنف من الخبز يؤكل في الأعراس (ألكالا).
مُعَــرّس: بيت ريفي. (المقري 1: 447) مُعَــرَّس: انظر مُعَرّص في معجم فوك.

عــرس

1 عَــرِسَ بِهِ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَــرَسٌ, (TA,) He kept, or clave, to him or it; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَعْــرَسَــهُ. (O, K.) From this, and from another signification of the same verb, which see below, عَرُوسٌ is said [by some] to be derived. (Msb.) You say, عَــرِسَ الرَّجُلُ بِقِرْنِهِ The man kept, or clave, to his opponent or adversary, in fight. (Mgh.) And عَــرِسَ الصَّبِىُّ بِأُمِّهِ, (TA,) or أُمَّهُ, (Mgh,) The child kept to his mother. (Mgh, TA.) And عَــرِسَ الشَّرُّ بِهِمْ Evil clung, or stuck fast, to them, and continued. (TA.) b2: [Hence, perhaps,] عَــرِسَ الشَّىْءُ, [or, perhaps, الشَّرُّ,] inf. n. as above, The thing [or evil or mischief] became vehement, or severe, or distressful. (TA.) A2: عَــرِسَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَــرَسٌ, He (a man) was, or became, fatigued: (TA:) or عَــرِسَ, (IKtt,) or عَــرِسَ عَنِ الجِمَاعِ, (Msb,) he (a man) was, or became, fatigued, or weak, and so disabled, or incapacitated, from copulation; syn. كَلَّ, (Msb,) and أَعْيَا, (IKtt, Msb,) عن الجماع. (IKtt.) From this, and from another signification of the same verb, mentioned above, عَرُوسٌ is said [by some] to be derived. (Msb.) b2: Also He was, or became, confounded or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; syn. دَهِشَ: (S, O, K:) and so عَرِشَ. (TA.) b3: and عَــرِسَ عَنْهُ He held back, or refrained, from him, or it, through cowardice. (TA.) b4: And عَــرِسَ عَلَىَّ مَا عِنْدَهُ i. q. اِمْتَنَعَ [i. e. What he had was unattainable, or difficult of attainment, to me]. (IAar, O, K. [In the CK, علَى is put for عَلَىَّ.]) A3: عَــرَسَ البَعِيرَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, TA) and عَــرِسَ, (TA,) inf. n. عَــرْسٌ, (S, O,) He bound the camel's fore shank to his neck, (S, O, K,) while he was lying down, (S, O,) with the rope called ↓ عِرَاسٌ: (S, O, K:) or, as some say, he bound the neck of the camel to both of his fore legs. (TA.) 2 عــرّســوا, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَعْرِيسٌ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb;) and ↓ اعــرســوا; (S, O, K;) but the former is the more common; (K;) the latter, rare; (S, O;) They alighted (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) during a journey, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) in the last part of the night, (S, Mgh, O, K,) for a rest, (S, O, Msb, K,) and made their camels lie down, and took a nap, or slight sleep, (TA,) and then departed, (S, Msb,) and continued their journey, at daybreak: (TA:) [see also 2 in art. عوه:] or they journeyed all the day, and alighted in the first part of the night: (TA:) or they alighted (Az, Msb, TA) in a usual place of resort (TA) at any time of the night or day. (Az, Msb, TA.) [Hence,] لَيْلَةُ التَّعْرِيسِ The night in which the Apostle of God slept: (O, K:) the story of which is well known, in the biographies of him and in the traditions. (TA.) [It was when he was returning from the siege and capture of Kheyber: he halted in the latter part of the night, and unintentionally slept until the time of the prayer of daybreak had passed. See “ Mishcàt ul-Masábìh,” vol. i., p. 146.]

A2: See also 4.

A3: عُــرِّسَ, inf. n. as above, It (a chamber) had an عَــرْس [q. v.] made to it. (TA.) 4 اعــرس He made, or prepared, a marriagefeast. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) b2: [He became a bridegroom.] And اعــرس بِأَهْلِهِ, (S, O, K,) or بِامْرَأَتِهِ, (Mgh, * Msb,) He had his wife conducted to him on the occasion of the marriage; syn. بَنَى

بِهَا, (T, S,) or بَنَى عَلَيْهَا; (Mgh, O, K;) as also بها ↓ عــرّس; (TA;) or this latter is only used by the vulgar; (S, O, TA;) or is a mistake: (Mgh, Msb:) and he abode with his wife during the days of and after that event: (TA:) [and] he went in to his wife (IAth, Msb) [a signification which may be meant to be included in the explanation بني بها or بنى عليها] on the occasion of that event; meaning, he compressed her; وَطْءٌ being thus called إِعْرَاسٌ because it is a consequence of إِعْرَاس [properly so termed]: (IAth:) the phrase also signifies [simply] he compressed his wife. (S, TA.) A2: See also 2: A3: and see عَــرِسَ بِهِ.5 تعــرّس لِامْرَأَتِهِ He manifested, or showed, love, or affection, to his wife, (A, Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) and kept to her. (TA.) [App. originally signifying He behaved like a bridegroom (عَرُوس) to his wife.]

عَــرْسٌ A wall which is placed between the two [main lateral] walls of the winter-chamber, not reaching to the further end thereof, (S, O, K, TA,) then the beam is laid from the inner extremity of that wall to the further end of the chamber, (TA,) and it is roofed over, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. the whole chamber is roofed over: what is between the two walls [above mentioned] is [called] a سَهْوَة [q. v.], and what is beneath the beam [app. with what is screened by the middle wall from the portion (of the chamber) in which is the entrance] is the مُِخْدَع: (TA:) this is done for the sake of more warmth, and only in cold countries: (S, O, K, TA:) and it is called in Pers\. بيجه [correctly پيچه]: (S, TA:) and عَرْصٌ is [said to be] a dial. var. thereof. (TA.) عُــرْسٌ (Az, S, Msb, K) and ↓ عُــرُسٌ (Az, S, K) substs. from أَعْــرَسَ as signifying “ he had his wife conducted to him on the occasion of his marriage,” and “ he went in to her: ” (Az, TA:) The ceremony of conducting a bride to her husband: (Msb:) or the ministration, or performance, of a marriage, and of the ceremony of conducting the bride to her husband: (TA:) or [simply] marriage: or coitus: syn. نِكَاحٌ: (K, TA:) because this is the real thing intended by الإِعْرَاس: (TA:) in the first of these senses, it is masc. and fem.; or, accord. to some, fem. only: as masc., its pl. is أَعْرَاسٌ; and as fem., its pl. is عُــرُسَــاتٌ. (Msb.) Hence [the trad.], إِذَا دُعِىَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى وَلِيمَةِ عُــرْسٍ فَلْيُجِبْ When any one of you is invited to a marriage-feast, or a feast given on the occasion of the conducting of a bride to her husband, let him consent. (Mgh.) b2: And hence, (Az, TA,) A marriage-feast: (A 'Obeyd, Az, S, O, K:) or a feast made on the occasion of conducting a bride to her husband: (Msb:) in this sense it is masc.: (Msb:) or mase, and fem.: (S, O:) or fem., and sometimes mase. (Az, TA.) A rájiz says, إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا عُــرُسَ الحَنَّاطِ لَئِيمَةً مَذْمُومَةَ الحُوَّاطِ [Verily we found the marriage-feast of the wheatseller to be mean, discommended for the managers: see also حُوَاطَةٌ]. (Az, S, O, TA.) Pl. as above, i. e., أَعْرَاسٌ and عُــرُسَــاتٌ. (S, O, K.) [See an ex. voce خُــرْسٌ.] b3: [And hence,] A state of rejoicing. (IB, voce مَأْتَمٌ, q. v.) b4: The dim. is [عُرَيْسٌ,] without ة; which is extr., [accord. to those who hold it to be fem. only,] for [accord, to them] it should have ة, being a fem. n. of three letters. (TA.) عِــرْسٌ A man's wife: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) and a woman's husband: (O, Msb, K:) pl. (in both senses, TA) أَعْرَاسٌ: (S, O, Msb, K, TA:) the dual, عِــرْسَــانِ, is sometimes applied to the male and female, (S, O,) or husband and wife: (TA:) and to a male and female ostrich: (IB:) and the sing., to the mate of the lion: (S, A, O, K:) and the pl. is applied, metaphorically, by Málik Ibn-Khuweylid El-Hudhalee, to lions. (TA.) A2: اِبْنُ عِــرْسٍ [The weasel; and a weasel;] a certain small animal, (Lth, S, O, Msb, K,) well known, (TA,) resembling the rat (الفَأْرَة), (Msb,) smaller than the cat, (Lth, O, TA,) having the lower lip cleft (أَشْتَرُ), and very short ears, as though they were amputated, (Lth, O, K,) and having a canine tooth; (TA;) called in Persian رَاسُوْ: (S, Mgh:) the name is determinate and indeterminate: (TA:) pl. بَنَاتُ عِــرْسٍ, (S, Msb, K,) applied to the males and the females; (O, K;) like as you say اِبْنُ آوَى and اِبْنُ مَخَاضٍ and اِبْنُ لَبُونٍ and اِبْنُ مَآءٍ, and in the pl. بَنَاتُ آوَى and بَنَاتُ مَخَاضٍ and بَنَاتُ لَبُونٍ and بَنَاتُ مَآءٍ; or, accord. to Akh, you say بَنَاتُ عِــرْسٍ and بَنُو عِــرْسٍ, like بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ and بَنُو نَعْشٍ. (S, O.) عِــرِسٌ One who quits not the place of conflict, by reason of courage. (TA.) b2: العَــرِسُ The lion: (O, K:) because he keeps to the preying upon men; or because he keeps to his covert, or retreat. (O, * TA.) A2: Also Confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; syn. دَهِشٌ. (S, O, K.) عُــرُسٌ: see عُــرْسٌ.

عِــرْسِــىٌّ A certain dye; (K;) a certain colour of dye, likened to the colour of the اِبْنُ عِــرْس [or weasel]. (S, O.) عِرَاسٌ: see 1, last sentence.

عَرُوسٌ A bridegroom: and a bride: i. e., a man, and a woman, during the period of their إِعْرَاس or أَعْرَاس [thus differently written in different MSS.]; (S, A, O, Msb, K;) or when the one goes in to the other: (IAth:) you say رَجُلٌ عَرُوسٌ [a bridegroom, vulgarly, in the present day, ↓ عَرِيس,] and اِمْرَأَةٌ عَرُوسٌ [a bride, vulgarly, in the present day, ↓ عَرُوسَة]: (S:) and عُرُوسٌ is a dial. var. of the same: (IAar, TA:) pl. mase.

عُــرُسٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and أَعْرَاسٌ; (TA;) and pl. fem. عَرَائِسُ. (S, O, Msb, K.) [See عَــرِسَ, in two places.] It is said in a prov., كَادَ العَرُوسُ يَكُونُ أَمِيرًا [The bridegroom was near to being a prince]. (S: in the O, مَلِكًا.) The dim. is عُرَيِّسٌ, without the addition of ة to distinguish the fem., because of the fourth letter. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَبْيَاتٌ عَرَائِسُ (tropical:) Verses of which the words are marked with diacritical points: for, as Esh-Shereeshee says, the Arabs used to adorn the bride by speckling her cheeks with saffron: opposed to أَبْيَاتٌ عَوَاطِلُ. (Har p. 610.) b3: [Hence also,] عَرَائِسُ الإِبِلِ (assumed tropical:) The high-bred of camels. (A.) عَرِيس: see the next preceding paragraph.

عَرُوسَة: see the next preceding paragraph.

عِرِّيسٌ and عِرِّيسَةٌ, [the latter the more common,] A thicket: (L:) the covert, or retreat, of the lion, (S, O, K, TA,) in a thicket. (TA.) [It is said in a prov.,] كَمُبْتَغِى الصَّيْدِ فِى عِرِّيسَةِ الأَسَدِ [Like the seeker of game in the covert of the lion]: from a verse of Et-Tirimmáh. (Z, O. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 360.] (TA.) b2: Also the former, The place of growth [or origin] of the stock of a man, among his people. (TA.) عِرِّيسَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُعْــرَسٌ: see what next follows.

مُعَــرَّسٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مُعْــرَسٌ, (O, K,) [the former of which is the more common,] A place where people alight (S, O, K) during a journey, (S,) in the last part of the night, for a rest, (S, O, K,) and make their camels lie down, and take a nap, or slight sleep, (TA,) after which they depart, (S,) and continue their journey, at daybreak: (TA:) or a place where people alight in the first part of the night, after journeying all the day: or a usual place of resort where people alight at any time of the night or day. (TA.) b2: Also the former, A chamber (بَيْت) having an عَــرْس [q. v.] made to it. (S, O, K.)

رســل

1 رَسِــلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَــلٌ and رَسَــالَ, He (a camel) was, or became, easy in pace. (M, K.) b2: Also, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَــلٌ (Az, Az, Msb, K) and رَسَــالَةٌ, as above, (Az, Az, K,) It (hair) became lank, not crisp; (Msb, K;) and so ↓ استــرســل: (S, K:) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) لَا يَجِبُ مِنَ البِّحْيَةِ ↓ غَسْلُ مَا اسْتَــرْسَــلَ means [The washing] of what hangs down, and descends, [of the beard,] from the chin [is not requisite, or necessary, or incumbent]. (Mgh.) A2: [Golius says, as on the authority of the KL, that رَسَــلَ signifies Nuncium misit: but what I find in the KL is, that رَسُــولٌ, as an inf. n., signifies the bringing a message (پيغام بردن) : whence it seems that رَسَــلَ means he brought a message.]2 تَــرْسِــيلٌ, in reading, or reciting, (Msb, K,) i. q. تَرْتِيلٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) Easy [or leisurely] utterance; without haste: (Yz, Msb, TA:) or, as some say, with consecution of the parts, or portions: (TA:) and ↓ تَــرَسُّــلٌ therein signifies the same: (Yz, Msb:) or فِى ↓ تَــرَسَّــلَ قِرّآءَتِهِ signifies he proceeded in a leisurely manner in his reading, or reciting, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and was grave, staid, sedate, or calm, (Mgh,) and endeavoured to understand, without raising his voice much. (TA.) It is said in a trad., كَانَ فِى كَلَامِهِ تَــرْسِــيلٌ i. e. تَرْتِيلٌ [There was in his (Mohammad's) speech an easy, or a leisurely, utterance]. (TA.) And in another trad. it is said, وَإِذَا أَقَمْتَ فَاحْذِمْ ↓ إذَا أَذَّنْتَ فَتَــرَسَّــلْ [expl. in art. حذم]. (Mgh.) A2: See also 4, last sentence but one.

A3: رَسَّــلْتُ فُصْلَانِى, inf. n. تَــرْسِــيلٌ, I gave to drink [to my young camels, or my young weaned camels,] رِسْــل (K, TA,) i. e. milk. (TA.) 3 راسلهُ (S, MA,) inf. n. مُرَاسَلَةٌ, (S,) He sent a message, and a letter, or an epistle, to him, (MA, PS,) the latter doing the like: (PS:) [he interchanged messages, and letters, with him.] Yousay, راسلهُ فِى كَذَا [He interchanged messages, or letters, with him, in relation to such a thing]: and بَيْنَهُمَا مُرَاسَلَاتٌ [Between them two are interchanges of messages, or of letters]. (TA.) and هَىَ تُرَاسِلُ الخُطَّابَ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with those who demand women in marriage]. (M, K.) And تُرَاسِلُهُ بِالخُطَّابِ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with him by means of those who demand women in marriage]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] راسلهُ فِى نِضَالٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ [He acted interchangeably, or alternated, with him in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance]. (S.) And راسلهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ, and العَمَلِ, He relieved him, or aided him, in singing, and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the latter was unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the latter person was unable to continue it; or he so relieved, or aided, him in singing with a high voice: or راسلهُ فِى عَمَلِهِ he aided him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] or he followed him, or imitated him, in his work: (IAar, Msb:) and راسلهُ الغِنَآءَ he emulated him, or imitated him, [by alternating with him,] in the singing. (TA.) And راسلهُ فِى

القِرَآءَة He aided him, or assisted him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] in the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án &c. (MA.) 4 إِــرْسَــالٌ signifies The act of sending. (K, KL, &c.) Thus is explained إِــرْسَــالُ اللّٰهِ أَنْبِيَآءَهُ [i. e. God's sending his prophets.] (Th, TA.) You say, ↓ أَــرْسَــلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَــالَةٍ (S) I sent such a one with a message. (PS.) And ↓ ارســل إِلَيْهِ رَسُــولًا (MA, Msb *) He sent to him a message, or a letter, (MA,) or a messenger. (Msb.) b2: [The act of sending forth, or starting, a horse for a race: the discharging a thing; as, for instance, an arrow from a bow; and water, or the like, from a vessel &c. in which it was confined: the launching forth a ship or boat; letting it go; letting it take its course:] the act of setting loose or free; letting loose; loosing, unbinding, or liberating. (K.) You say ارســل الشَّىْءَ He set loose or free, &c., the thing. (M.) And أَــرْسَــلْتُ الطَّائِرَ مِنْ يَدِى I let go, or let loose, the bird from my hand. (Msb.) And [hence,] ارســل الحُرُوفَ [He uttered the letters]. (Mgh in art. رتل.) And ارســل الغِنَآءَ [He uttered the song; he sang]. (TA.) and ارســل الإِقَامَةَ [He chanted the اقامة]. (Msb in art. درج. [See أَدْرَجَ.]) And ارســل عَلَيْهِ لِسَانَهُ [(assumed tropical:) He let loose his tongue against him]. (A in art. برد.) and ارســل الكَلَامَ (assumed tropical:) He made the speech, or language, to be unrestricted. (Msb.) [In like manner,] إِــرْسَــالٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The making a thing, such as property, and a legacy, absolute, or unrestricted. (Mgh.) b3: [The act of letting down, letting fall, or making to hang down, the hair &c. You say, ارســلهُ, and ارســلهُ مِنْ أَعْلَى إِلَى أَسْفَلَ, He let it down, &c., or lowered it.] b4: (assumed tropical:) The act of leaving, leaving alone, or neglecting, (M, K,) a thing. (M.) [Hence,] one says, ارســلهُ عَنْ يَدِهِ (tropical:) He left, forsook, or deserted, him; or he abstained from, or neglected, aiding him, or assisting him. (TA.) b5: Also The act of making to have dominion, or authority, and power; making to have, or exercise, absolute dominion or sovereignty or rule, or absolute superiority of power or force; or giving power, or superior power or force. (M, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xix. 86], أَــرْسَــلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ عَلَى

الكَافِرِينَ تَؤُزُّهُمْ أَزًّا, i. e. [We have made the devils to have dominion, &c., over the unbelievers, inciting them strongly to acts of disobedience; or] we have appointed, or prepared, the devils for the unbelievers, because of their unbelief; like as is said in the same [xliii. 35], نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا [“ We will appoint, or prepare, for him a devil ” as an associate]: this is the preferred explanation: [or it may be well rendered we have sent the devils against the unbelievers:] some say that the meaning is, we have left the devils to do as they please with the unbelievers, not withholding them, or preserving them, from acceptance from them. (Zj, M.) A2: ارســلوا [from رِسْــلٌ] They had milk in their cattle: (S:) or their milk became much; as also ↓ رسّــلوا, inf. n. تَــرْسِــيلٌ: (K:) or the latter signifies their milk and drink became much. (TA.) b2: Also [from رَسَــلٌ] They became possessors of herds or flocks. (O, K. *) 5 تــرسّــل He acted, or behaved, gently, and deliberately, or leisurely, (M, K, TA,) and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness. (TA.) التَّــرَسُّــلُ فِى الأُمُورِ is The acting, or behaving, [gently, and] deliberately, or leisurely, and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness, in affairs. (TA.) See also 2, in three places. b2: التَّــرَسُّــلُ in riding is The extending one's legs upon the beast so as to let, or make, his clothes hang down loosely upon his legs: and in sitting, the crossing one's legs, and letting, or making, his clothes hang down loosely upon them and around him. (TA.) A2: تــرسّــلا بَيْنَ القَوْمِ [He acted as a رَسُــول (or messenger) between the people]. (Msb and TA in art. الك.) 6 تراسلوا They sent, one to another, (MA, Msb, TA,) a message [or messages], (MA, Msb,) or a messenger [or messengers]. (Msb.) b2: Hence, تراسلوا فِى الغِنَآءِ [They relieved, or aided, one another alternately in singing;] i. e. they combined in singing, one beginning, and prolonging his voice, but being unable to continue long enough to accomplish the cadence, and therefore pausing, and another then taking up the strain, and then the first returning to the modulation, and so on to the end. (Msb.) لَا تَرَاسُلَ فِى الأَذَانِ means[in like manner] There shall be no relieving, or aiding, one another [alternately], i. e., no combining [of two or more persons, each performing a part alternately], in the chanting of the call to prayer. (Msb.) [In other cases likewise]

التَّرَاسُلُ signifies The doing the like of that which one's companion, or fellow, [or another,] does, in such a manner as that one follows another [alternately]. (Har p. 268.) 10 استــرســل It (a thing) was, or became, loose, or slack; syn. سَلِسَ. (M, TA.) b2: Said of hair: see 1, in two places. [In like manner said of a tree, &c., It drooped; or was pendent. Said of a cheek, (to which its part. n. مُسْتَــرْسِــلٌ is applied as an epithet in the K voce أَسِيلٌ,) It was, or became, lank.] b3: الاِسْتِــرْسَــالُ in the pace of a beast is The going gently, deliberately, or leisurely. (TA.) [And you say, استــرســلت الدَّابَّةٌ The beast went a gentle, deliberate, or leisurely, pace.]

b4: Also, [in other cases,] The being still, and steady. (TA.) b5: Hence, (TA,) استــرســل إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) He acted, or behaved, towards him with freedom, boldness, forwardness, or presumptuousness, and with familiarity; syn. اِنْبَسَطَ, and اِسْتَأْنَسَ; (S, K, TA;) and was at ease, and confided in him, with respect to that which he told him: (TA:) or he acted forwardly, or impudently, towards him: he acted forwardly, impudently, freely, or familiarly, towards him, in the way of coquetry, or feigned disdain. (MA.) b6: And استــرســل الدَّهْرُ فِيهِمْ فَأَفْنَاهُمْ [(assumed tropical:) Fate made free with them, and destroyed them]. (TA in art. بهل) A2: Also He said, Send thou to me the camels in droves (أَــرْسَــالًا [in the CK, erroneously, اِــرْســالًا]); (K, TA;) ارســالا being with fet-h to the hemzeh; i. e. drove after drove: for the camels, when they come to the water, are numerous; and their tender brings them to the watering-trough thus; not all together, as in this case they would press together upon the watering-trough and not satisfy their thirst. (TA.) رَسْــلٌ Easy; applied to a pace. (M, K.) b2: Easy in pace; applied to a he-camel: fem. with ة: (S, M, K:) or soft, or gentle, in pace; applied to a he-camel and to a she-camel: (Msb:) and ↓ مِــرْسَــالٌ, also, applied to a she-camel, has the former of these significations; and its pl. is مَرَاسِيلُ: (S, K:) or this pl. signifies light, or active, she-camels, that give thee what they have to give spontaneously; and رَسْــلَةٌ is applied to one thereof: a she-camel is termed ↓ مِــرْسَــالٌ as being likened to the arrow thus called. (TA.) b3: Soft, and lax, or flaccid: [app. applied to a he-camel; for it is added,] one says نَاقَةٌ رَسْــلَةٌ القَوَائِمِ, meaning A she-camel loose, or slack, [in the legs, and] soft in the joints [thereof]. (TA. [See also another meaning assigned to this phrase in what follows.]) b4: Applied to hair, i. q. ↓ مُسْتَــرْسِــلٌ; (S, K; in the CK مُــرْسَــل;) which means Lank; not crisp: (Mgh, Msb: [and so accord. to an explanation of استــرســل in the S and K:]) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) b5: And رَسْــلَةٌ, (M,) or رَسْــلَةُ القَوائِمِ, [of which see an explanation in what precedes,] (L, TA,) and ↓ مِــرْسَــالٌ, applied to a she-camel, (M, L, TA,) Having much hair, (M,) or much and long hair, (L, TA,) upon her shanks, or hind legs (فِى سَاقِيْهَا): (M, L, TA:) but in the K, رَسْــلَةٌ and ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [not مِــرْسَــالٌ] are explained as epithets applied to a woman, meaning having much and long hair upon her shanks. (TA.) b6: Also sing. of ↓ رِسَــالٌ, (TA,) which signifies The legs of a camel: (Az, S, K, TA:) so called because of their length. (Az, TA.) A2: See also مُرَاسِلٌ.

A3: And see the paragraph here next following.

رِسْــلٌ Gentleness; and a deliberate, or leisurely, manner of acting or behaving; as also ↓ رِسْــلَةٌ; (M, K;) [and perhaps ↓ رَسْــلٌ and ↓ رَسْــلَةٌ; for] one says اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَكَذَا عَلَى رِسْــلِكَ (S, Mgh, * Msb, * CK * [but not in my MS. copy of the K nor in the copies used by SM]) and رَسْــلِكَ and رَسْــلَتِكَ, (CK, [but likewise wanting in MS. copies of the K,]) i. e. [Do thou such and such things] at thine ease; (Msb;) or act thou gently, deliberately, or leisurely, (S, Mgh, K, *) in doing such and such things; like as one says, عَلَى هِينَتِكَ. (S.) Sakhr-el-Ghei says, when despairing of his companions' overtaking him, his enemies surrounding him, and he feeling sure of slaughter, (M,) لَوْ أَنَّ حَوْلِى مِنْ قُرَيْمٍ رَجْلَا بِيضَ الوَجُوهِ يَحْمِلُونَ النَّبْلَا

لَمَنَعُونِى نَجْدَةً أَوْ رِسْــلَا (Skr, M, *) i. e. [If there were around me, of the family of Kureym, men on foot, fair in the faces (app. meant tropically), bearing arrows, they would defend me] by violent means or by gentle means: (Skr:) or with fighting or without fighting. (M.) [See also a phrase cited from a trad. in what follows of this paragraph.] One says also, ↓ جَاؤُوا رِسْــلَةً رِسْــلَةً They came company by company. (M.) b2: And A soft, gentle, saying or speech. (TA.) A2: Also Milk, (S, M, K,) of whatever sort it be: (M, K:) or, accord. to the Towsheeh, fresh milk. (TA.) One says, كَثُرَ الــرِّسْــلُ العَامَ, meaning Milk has become abundant this year: and the people of the desert assert that, when this is the case, dates are few; and that, when dates are abundant, milk is scarce. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad. [respecting the giving of the poor-rate], إِلَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى فِى نَجْدَتِهَا وَــرِسْــلِهَا, (S, TA,) which is explained in two different ways: (TA:) [J says that] it is from رِسْــلٌ in the sense first explained above; meaning straitness and plenty; i. e. Except him who gives when they are fat and goodly, when it is difficult, or hard, to their owner to give them forth, and when they are lean, [or] in a middling condition: (S:) and A'Obeyd says the like; and that it is similar to the saying, قَالَ فُلَانٌ كَذَا عَمَّا رِسْــلِهِ, meaning Such a one said such a thing holding it (the saying) in light estimation: others say that it is from رِسْــلٌ signifying “ milk; ” which A'Obeyd disallows: IAth says that what is meant by نجدة is straitness and drought or barrenness or dearth; and by رســل, plenty, and abundance of herbage or the like; because رســل, i. e. milk, is plentiful only in the case of abundance of herbage; so that the meaning is, except him who gives forth the due of God in the case of straitness and in that of plenty. (TA.) A3: The رِسْــلَانِ of a horse are The extremities of the عَضُدَانِ [or two arms]. (M, K. *) رَسَــلٌ Camels: (M, K:) thus expl. by A'Obeyd, without any epithet: (M:) or a drove, or herd, or a distinct collection or number, of camels, (S, M, * Msb, K,) and of sheep or goats, (S, K,) accord. to ISk from ten to twenty-five, (TA,) or the رَسَــل of the watering-trough is at least ten, and extending to twenty-five; and the word is masc. and fem.; (M;) and also (assumed tropical:) of horses or horsemen; (S;) applied to (tropical:) a company of men (Mgh, Msb) as being likened to a drove, or herd, of camels: (Msb:) and also a distinct collection or number of any things: (M, K:) pl. أَــرْسَــالٌ. (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) A rájiz says, يَا ذَائِدَيْهَا خَوِّصَا بِأَــرْسَــالْ وَلَا تَذُودَاهَا ذِيَادَ الضُّلَّالْ

[O ye two drivers of them, water some before others, by droves, and drive them not with the driving of those who err from the right way]: (S, TA:) i. e. bring near your camels some after some, and do not let them crowd upon the water-ing-trough. (TA.) And one says, جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَــلًا The camels came [in a drove, or] following one another. (IAmb, TA.) And جَآءَتِ الخَيْلُ أَــرْسَــالًا, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [The horses, or horsemen, came] in successive distinct companies. (S, TA.) And جَاءُوا أَــرْسَــالًا (tropical:) They (men) came in successive companies. (Msb. [And the like is said in the Mgh and in the TA.]) وَقِيرٌ كَثِيرُ الــرَّسَــلِ قَلِيلُ الــرِّسْــلِ, occurring in a trad. relating to a drought, is said by IKt to mean [A collection of sheep or goats] of which many were sent to the pasture, i. e. many in number, but having little milk but the more probable explanation of كثير الــرســل is that of El-'Odhree, who says that it means much dispersed in search of pasture: for the trad. relates that the camels had died, notwithstanding their ability to endure drought: how then should the sheep or goats be safe, and increase so as to become numerous? (IAth, TA.) b2: Also Animals, or beasts, having milk. (M, TA.) رُسُــلٌ A young girl, that has not worn the [muffler, or veil, called] خَمَار. (K.) A2: Also a pl. of رَسُــولٌ. (S, M, &c.) رَسْــلَةٌ A soft, or delicate condition of life: you say, هُمْ فِى رَسْــلَةٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ They are in a soft, or delicate, condition of life. (M.) b2: and Heaviness, sluggishness, laziness, or indolence: (M, K:) you say رَجُلٌ فِيهِ رَسْــلَةٌ A man in whom is heaviness, &c. (M.) b3: See also رِسْــلٌ, first sentence.

رِسْــلَةٌ: see رِسْــلٌ, in two places.

رِسَــالٌ: see رَسْــلٌ (of which it is the pl.), near the end of the paragraph: A2: and see also مُرَاسِلٌ.

رَسُــولٌ i. q. رِسَــالَةٌ: (S, M, K:) see the latter, in five places. b2: Hence, as meaning ذُو رَسُــولٍ, i. e. ذُو رِسَــالَةٍ [One who has a message; i. e. a messenger]; (TA;) i. q. ↓ مُــرْسَــلٌ, (S, M, K,) meaning one sent with a message; (S;) of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ [or rather مُفْعَلٌ]: (Msb:) [and often meaning an apostle of God; and with the article ال especially applied to Mohammad:] accord. to IAmb, its meaning in the proper language of the Arabs is one who carries on by consecutive progressions the relation of the tidings of him who has sent him; taken from the phrase جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَــلًا, meaning “ The camels came following one another: ” and the saying of the Muëdhdhin, أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُــولُ اللّٰه means I know [or acknowledge] and declare that Mohammad is the relater by consecutive progressions of the tidings from God: (TA:) [or, as commonly understood, I testify that Mohammad is the apostle of God:] a رَسُــول is also called ↓ مِــرْسَــالٌ, as being likened to the arrow thus termed: (TA:) the pl. of رَسُــولٌ is رُسُــلٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and رُسْــلٌ (S, Msb) and رُسَــلَآءٌ, (M, K,) which last is from IAar, (M,) or Fr, (Sgh,) and أَــرْسُــلٌ, (M, K,) which [is a pl. of pauc., and] occurs in the saying of the Hudhalee, لَوْكَانَ فِى قَلْبِى كَقَدْرِ قُلَامَةٍ

حُبًا لِغَيْرِكِ قَدْ أَتَاهَا أَــرْسُــلِى

[Had there been in my heart as much as a nailparing of love for another than thee, my messengers (or, accord. to the TA, app., my messages) had come to her]: respecting which IJ says that he has given to رَسُــولٌ this form of pl., which is [regularly] proper to feminines [of this class of words, consisting of four letter whereof the third is a letter of prolongation], such as أَتَانٌ and عَنَاقٌ and عُقَابٌ, because women are meant thereby, as they, generally, are the persons required to serve in cases of this kind: (M:) [for] رَسُــولٌ is applied without variation to a male and a female, and to one [and to two] and to a pl. number; (S, M, Msb, K;) sometimes: (M:) i. e., it is allowable thus to apply it: (Msb:) hence, (S, K,) in the Kur [xxvi. 15], (S,) إِنَّا رَسُــولُ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ [Verily we are the apostles of the Lord of the beings of the whole world]: (S, K:) MF says, in ch. xx. [verse 49], we find إِنَّا رَسُــولَا رَبِّكَ [Verily we are the two apostles of thy Lord]; the dual form being here used: and Z says, in the Ksh, that in this instance it means the messengers, and therefore the dual form is necessarily used; but in ch. xxvi. it means the message, and therefore it is allowable to use it alike, when applying it as an epithet, as sing. and dual and pl.: Aboo-Is-hak the Grammarian says that the meaning here is, إِنَّا رِسَــالَةٌ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ, i. e. ذَوُو رِســالَةِ [Verily we are those that have the message &c.]: (TA:) [but] رَسُــولٌ [as meaning a messenger] is like عَدُوٌّ and صَديقٌ [&c.] in its being used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. [and dual] and pl.: (Sgh, TA:) Aboo-Dhu-eyb uses it in the sense of رُسُــل in his saying, أَلِكْنِى إِلَيْهَا وَخَيْرُ الــرَّسُــو لِ أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِنَوَاحِى الخَبَرْ [Be thou my messenger to her: and the best of messengers is the most knowing of them in respect of the bounds, or limits, of the tidings]. (M.) See 4. The saying in the Kur [xxv. 39], وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ لَمَّ كَذَّبُوا الــرُّسُــلَ أَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ [lit. And the people of Noah, when they charged with lying the apostles, we drowned them], Zj says, may mean that they charged with lying Noah alone; for he who charges with lying a prophet charges therewith all the prophets, since they believe in God and in all his apostles; or the general term may be here used as meaning one; like as when you say, أَنْتَ مِمَّنْ يُنْفِقُ الدَّرَاهِمَ, meaning “ Thou art of those who expend the kind of things termed دراهم. ” (M.) b3: One says also, السِّهَامُ رُسُــلُ المَنَايَا (tropical:) [Arrows are the messengers of death, or of the decrees of death]. (TA.) b4: See also the next paragraph.

رَسِــيلٌ Easy: occurring in the saying of Jubeyhà El-Asadee, وَقُمْتُ رَسِــيلًا بِالَّذِى جَآءَ يَبْتَغِى

إِلَيْهِ بَلِيجَ الوَجْهِ لَسْتُ بِبَاسِرِ [And I undertook, or managed, with ease, that which he came seeking to obtain; bright in countenance to him: I was not frowning]. (TA.) A2: Also A stallion-camel (K, * TA) of the Arabian race, that is sent among the شَوْل [or she-camels that have passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth] in order that he may leap them: one says, هٰذَا رَسِــيلُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ

This is the stallion of the camels of the sons of such a one: and أَــرْسَــلَ بَنُو فُلَانٍ رَسِــيلَهُمْ [The sons of such a one sent the stallion of their camels]: as though it were of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعَلٌ, from أَــرْسَــلَ. (TA.) b2: and accord. to some, A horse that is started with another in a race. (Har p. 544.) b3: [In the CK and in a MS. copy of the K, voce عَمُودٌ, it occurs as though meaning The scout, or emissary, or perhaps the advanced guard, of an army: but in other copies of the K, in this instance, accord. to the TA, and in the L, the word is رَئِيس.] b4: I. q. ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [as meaning one who interchanges messages or letters with another: see 3]. (S, K.) b5: The person who stands with thee (المُوَاقِفُ لَكَ [in the K (in which this explanation is erroneously assigned to ↓ رَسُــولٌ) المُوَافِقُ لَكَ in a competition in shooting and the like: (M:) [i. e.] رَسِــيلُ الرَّجُلِ signifies he who stands with the man, (يَقِفُ مَعَهُ, Har p. 544,) or he who acts interchangeably, or alternates, with the man, (يُرَاسِلُهُ, S,) in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance. (S and Har.) And, as also ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ, One who relieves, or aids, another, in singing and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the other is unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the other is unable to continue it; or one who so relieves, or aids, another in singing with a high voice; i. q. مُتَالٍ: or one who aids another, [or relieves him, by alternating with him,] or who follows him, or imitates him, in his work. (IAar, Msb.) One says, هُوَ رَسِــيلُهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ وَنَحْوِهِ [He is the person who relieves him, or aids him, by alternating with him, in singing and the like thereof]. (TA.) b6: See also رِسَــالَةٌ, in two places.

A3: Also Wide, or ample. (K.) b2: A thing little in quantity, or incomplete: الشَّىْءُ اللَّطِيفُ in the copies of the K should be الشَّىْءُ الطَّفِيفُ, as in the Moheet (TA.) b3: and Sweet water. (K.) رَسَــالَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

رِسَــالَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسَــالَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ رَسُــولٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسِــيلٌ (Th, M, K) signify the same, (S, M, Msb, K,) A message; and a letter; (MA in explanation of the first, and KL in explanation of the first and third;) [a communication sent from one person or party to another, oral or written;] substs. from أَــرْسَــلَ

إِلَيْهِ: (M, K: *) the pl. of the first is رَسَــائِلُ; (Msb;) and أَــرْسُــلٌ is pl. of ↓ رَسُــولٌ in the sense of رِسَــالَةٌ, and of the fem. gender. (TA. [See the former of the two verses cited voce رَسُــولٌ.]) Yousay, أَــرْسَــلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَــالَةٍ: (S:) and أَــرْسَــلَ إِلَيْهِ

↓ رَسُــولًا: (MA:) see 4. A poet says, (S,) namely El-Ash'ar El-Joafee, (TA,) ↓ أَلَا أَبْلغْ أَبَا عَمْرٍو رَسُــولًا بِأَنِّى عَنْ فُتَاحَتِكُمْ غَنِىُّ [Now deliver thou to Aboo-' Amr a message, saying that I am in no need of your judging]: (S:) or بَنِى عَمْرٍو [the sons of ' Amr]: he means, عَنْ حُكْمكُمْ. (TA.) And hence the saying of Kutheiyir, لَقَدْ كَذَبَ الوَاشُونَ مَا بُحْتُ عِنْدَهُمْ

↓ بِسِرٍّ وَلَا أَــرْسَــلْتُهُمْ بِــرَسُــولِ [Assuredly the slanderers have lied: I revealed not in their presence a secret, nor did I send them with a message]: (S, TA:) or, as some relate the second hemistich, (TA,) ↓ بِلَيْلَى وَلَا أَــرْسَــلْتُهُمْ بِــرَسِــيلِ [i. e. I revealed not the case of Leyla, nor did I send them with a message]: thus cited by Th. (M, TA.) b2: رِسَــالَةٌ also signifies [A tract, or small treatise or discourse;] a مَجَلَّة [i. e. book, or writing, relating to science, or on any subject.] comprising a few questions, inquiries, or problems, of one kind: pl. رَسَــائِلُ. (TA.) b3: And Apostleship; the apostolic office or function. (MA.) b4: أُمُّ رِسَــالَةَ [in a copy of the K أُمُّ رِسَــالَةٍ] The رَخَمَة [or female of the vultur percnopterus, in the CK رَحْمَة]: (M, K, TA:) a surname thereof. (TA.) الــرُّسَــيْلَى A certain small beast or reptile or insect; expl. by the word دُوَيْبَّةٌ: (M, K, TA:) in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, الــرُّسَــيْلَآءُ. (TA.) رُسَــيْلَاتٌ dim. of رســلات [i. e. رِسَــلَاتٌ] pl. of رِسْــلٌ [or rather of its syn. رِسْــلَةٌ]: hence the saying, (TA,) أَلْقَى الكَلَامَ عَلَى رُسَــيْلَاتِهِ, i. e. He held the saying, or speech, in light, or little, or mean, estimation; or in contempt. (M, K, TA.) الرَّاسِلَانِ The two shoulder-blades: or two veins therein: (M, K:) he who says that they are two veins in the two hands, (K,) pointing to what is found in the copies of the Mj of IF, [in which فِى الكَفَّيْنِ is put in the place of فى الكَتِفِيْنِ,] (TA,) is in error: (K:) or the وَابِلَتَانِ [q. v., a word variously explained]: (M, TA:) in the copies of the K, الرَّابِلَتَانِ is erroneously put for الوَابِلَتَانِ. (TA.) مُــرْسَــلٌ: see رَسُــولٌ, second sentence. b2: Applied to a tradition (حَدِيثٌ), it means (assumed tropical:) Of which the ascription is not traced up so as to reach to its author: (Msb:) [i.e.] الأَحَادِيثُ المُــرْسَــلَةُ means the traditions which one relates as on the authority of a تَابِعِىّ, (K TA,) by tracing up the ascription thereof uninterruptedly to him, (TA,) when the تابعىّ says, “The Apostle of God (May God bless and save him) said,” without mentioning a صَحَابِىّ (K, TA) who heard it from the Apostle of God: (TA: [and the like is said in the Mgh:]) مَرَاسِيلُ is the [pl. or] quasi-pl. n. of مُــرْسَــلٌ thus used, [or rather used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like as مَنَاكِيرُ is of مُنْكَرٌ. (Mgh.) b3: In lexicology, it means, like مُنْقَطِعٌ, (assumed tropical:) That of which the series of transmitters is interrupted: as a word &c. handed down by IDrd as on the authority of Az [with whom he was not contemporary, without his mentioning the intermediate transmitters]: and such is not admitted [as unquestionable]; because exactness is a condition of the admission of what is transmitted, and the exactness of him who is not mentioned is not known. (Mz 4th نوع.) b4: مَجَازٌ مُــرْسَــلٌ: see art. جوز. b5: [See also the next paragraph.]

مُــرْسَــلَةٌ A قِلَادَة [or necklace], (M,) or a long قلادة, (IDrd, O, K,) that falls upon the bosom: (IDrd, M, O, K:) or a قلادة upon which are beads &c. (Yz, O, K.) b2: As used in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], (M,) المُــرْسَــلَاتُ means The winds (S, M, K, TA) that are sent forth, [by عُرْفًا, which follows it, being meant consecutively,] like [the several portions of] the mane of the horse: (TA:) or the angels [so sent forth]: (Th, S, M, K, TA:) or the horses (M, K, TA) that are started, [one following another,] in the racecourse. (TA.) مِــرْسَــالٌ One who sends the morsel [that he eats] into his fauces: or who throws forth the branch from his hand, (O, K,) when he goes in a place of trees, (O,) in order that he may hurt his companion. (O, K.) b2: A short arrow: (S, O:) or a small arrow. (K.) b3: See also رَسْــلٌ, in three places. b4: And see رَسُــولٌ.

مُرَاسِلٌ: see رَسْــلٌ.

A2: See also رَسِــيلٌ, in two places. b2: Also A woman who interchanges messages, or letters, with the men who demand women in marriage: or whose husband has become separated from her (M, K, TA) in any manner, (M, TA,) by his having died or his having divorced her: (TA:) or who has become advanced in age, (M, K, TA,) but has in her some remains of youth: (M, TA:) or whose husband has died, or who has perceived that he desires to divorce her, and who therefore adorns herself for another man, and interchanges messages, or letters, with him (S, K, * TA) by means of the men who demand women in marriage, (TA,) and who has in her some remains (K, TA) of youth; but this addition is more properly mentioned in a former explanation. (TA.) The subst. [app. meaning The state, or condition, of a woman such as is thus termed] is ↓ رِسَــالٌ. (M, TA.) مُسْتَــرْسِــلٌ: see رَسْــلٌ.

A2: مُسْتَــرْسِــلٌ لِلْمَوْتِ i. q. مُسْتَميتٌ and مُسْتَقْتلٌ [i. e. Seeking, or courting, death or slaughter; resigning, or subjecting, himself to death, and not caring for death]. (A and TA in art. موت.)

رســل: رَسَّــل (بالتشديد): ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة spistola وهي تعني كتب رســائل رســمية بكلام مــرســل من غير سجع أو بقليل من السجع حسب التعريف الذي نجده في المقدمة (3: 324). غير أنها تعني أيضاً: كتب رســائل رســمية بكلام مسجوع، انظر (عباد 1: 6 رقم 23، معجم البيان، حيان ص35 ق، تاريخ البربر 1: 429، 445، 540)، ومن هذا: التــرســيل وهو ملكة كتابة هذه الــرســائل (تاريخ البربر 1: 420). أرســل: بعث، يبحث. ويقال: أرســل عن فلان (انظر رســالة إلى فليشر ص38 حول استعمال أرســل عن). وفي حيّان - بسام (1: 10و): وكان قد بادَرَ في الإرســال عن جماعة من وزرائه (ص30 ق).
وأرســل الصائد: أثار الحيوانات المتوحشة التي لونها الشقرة أو الصحرة كالظباء والأيائل والأسود من مكمنها (معجم الطرائف).
تَــرسَّــل: تبادل الــرُسُــل، تبادل السفراء (المقري 1: 511).
تَــرسَّــل: تدل على نفس معنى رَسَّــل الذي ذكرته من قبل (فوك، عباد 1: 7 رقم 23، الفخري ص388، ميــرســخ ص6)، وفي النويري (أفريقية ص30 و): تعلَّم الخطَّ والتــرسَّــل.
تراسل القوم: أرســل بعضهم إلى بعض رســائل (بوشر، فوك في مادة epistola) .
استــرســل، مستــرســلاً: متهاوناً، متغافلاً (المقري 2: 417).
استــرســل: انهمك، انبسط. ففي المقري (2: 800): قد استــرســل في اللَّذات وركن إلى الراحات، وانظر (2: 832). وفي المقدمة (2: 260): الانهماك في الشهوات واستــرســال فيها. وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص18 ق): يستــرســل في إطلاق عنان النادرة الحارَّة في مجالس حُكْمِه.
استــرســل على وفي: ثابر على، استمر في، تمادى في، واظب على (فوك).
استــرســل: أصيب بالزحار، تزحّر. ففي معجم المنصوري: خراطة هو ما ينجرد من المِعَي عند الاستــرســال.
رَسْــب ورُسْــل ورُسُــل (فوك) تجمع على أَــرْســال ورُسُــول: رَسُــول، سفير (رســالة إلى السيد فلايشر ص73 - 74).
رَسْــلَة: رويداً رويداً، بتأنٍّ (فوك).
رَسُــول: حواري، مبشر (بوشر).
َسُول: ضابط مكلف بتنفيذ أحكام القضاء. ويوجد أيضاً ضباط تابعون له ملحقون بالمدرســة (مملوك 2، 1: 270).
رســول محكمة: مُــرْســل المحكمة (ضابط) (بوشر).
رَسِــيل: زميل، رفيق (بيان 2: 270).
رِســالة: هدية تــرســل إلى شخص. ففي رياض النفوس (ص57 ق): أتبيعني هاتين السمكتين؟ لا حتى ولو دفعت فيهما ديناراً لأنهما معي رســالة، لمن؟ لأبي هارون الأندلسي.
وتستعمل كلمة رســول بمعنى الضابط المكلف بتنفيذ أحكام القضاء، ففي حكاية باسم الحداد (ص68): فقال القاضي صنعتك حدَّاد ومن أين لك الــرســالة، فقال له: من أمس عبرت للــرســالة.
رَسِــيلة: خادمة؟ أمة؟ (ألف ليلة بــرســل 11: 376).
رَسُــولي: نسبة إلى رســول بمعنى حواري (بوشر).
رَسُــولِيَّة: رســالة، مهمة رســول أو حواري (بوشر). حمام رَسَــائلي: حمام زاجل، حمام يقول بحمل الــرســائل (مملوك 2، 2: 116).
رُسَّــال، وتجمع على رَســاسيل: هي في إسبانيا غديدة في طرف الجفن، بثرة صغيرة تتكون على طرف الجفن، شحاذ العين، جلجل (ألكالا)، وقد ترجمها إلى اللاتينية ب nuça وجمعها racicil غير أن الصواب ruçal وهي تحريف الكلمة الإسبانية orzuclo.
إِــرْســالِيَّة: إرســال، بعث، رســالة (بوشر).
مُــرْسَــل، الكلام المــرســل: نثر حر لا يتقيد بسجع (المقدمة 3: 322، ابن جبير ص2، المقري 3: 436، دي سلان المقدمة 1 ص38).
والحائط المــرســل في صناعة البناء: هو الحائط الطويل المنفرد بنفسه كحائط السور ونحوه (محيط المحيط).
مَــرْســل، ويجمع على مَراسيل: رســائل، ففي ترجمة ابن خلدون بقلمه (ص211 ق): إنشاء مخاطباته ومراسله.
مــرســل عِوَض، في مصطلح التجارة: مسترد، ما يــرســل عوضاً عن غيره من البيع (بوشر).
مُــرْسَــلَة: بيع بالجملة، بيع صُبرة (معجم الإدريسي).
مِــرْســال: رســول، ساعٍ، مُــرســل، وكيل، مبعوث (بوشر، محيط المحيط، ألف ليلة 4: 631). وفي معجم بوشر: والمــرســال خالص الأجرة أي والعمولة مدفوعة.
مَــرْسُــول: رســول، مُــرســل، سفير (ألكالا).
مَــرْسُــول: رَسُــول، حواريّ (تقويم قرطبة ص66).
مُراسلة: يقال على ما لا يقع دفعة واحدة بل شيئاً بعد شيء (محيط المحيط).

درس: درس. والمصدر منه مدرســة أيضاً. (المعجم اللاتيني العربي): داس (فوك) وفي ابن العوام (1: 65) اقرأ درس بدل دوس في (ص80) منه (بالأرجل) وفي رياض النفوس (ص64 و): السلطان وجه إلي يأمرني أن آمر بدرس هذا الشيخ حتى يموت. وبعد هذا: فقفزوا عليه حتى مات.
ودَــرَس: دق، سحق، هــرس (فوك، الكالا).
ودرس: خرب، دمر، عاث في البلاد فساداً (أخبار ص110).
درّس (بالتشديد) داس: وطأه بقدمه (فوك، الكالا) وفيه: تدريس: وطأ بالقدم.
ودرّس: تعثر، اصطدم (الكالا).
ويقال درّس على، ففي الادريسي 35 فصل 5: وقعر هذه المراكب مسطح وغير عميق وذلك لكي تستطيع أن تحتمل حمولة كبيرة ولا تدرس على كبير ترش.
تدرّس: ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة Conculcare.
تدرّس: تعثر، اصطدم (الكالا).
اندرس: بلي (فوك).
واندرس: ديس (فوك).
واندرس: سحق، دُق، هــرس (فوك).
واندرس الكتاب: درس وقرئ (فوك).
درْس: سحن الأصباغ (الكالا).
درْس: ما يقرأ من العلم في وقت ما (بوشر، المقري 1: 49، 137، ميــرســنج ص5، زيشر كند 7: 51).
درْســة: مصدر درس بمعنى داس ووطأ بالأقدام (الكالا).
ودرْســة: سحق، دقَ (الكالا). دريس: الخلق البالي: القديم، ويجمع على دُــرُس (عبد الواحد ص214، تاريخ البربر 1: 392).
ودريس: فت وهو يابس البــرســيم، هشيم (همبرت ص179).
ودريس: نبات اسمه العلمي: phelipea lutea براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر (8: 182).
دريس أو دريس التغشري لعبة تلعب بأربعة وعشرين حجراً أو صدفة على رقعة الداما كل اثني عشر منها يختلف لونه عن الآخر. وطريقة اللعبة هو أن يحاول اللاعب منع ملاعبه من وضع ثلاث قطع من أحجاره أو صدفة الواحدة بعد الأخرى في زوايا المربع المتقابلة (برجرن ص513) وراجع كارترون (ص416، 456، 479) وفي رحلة في بلاد العرب لنيبور (1: 166): دريس الثلاثة والتسعة.
وفي محيط المحيط (مادة قرق): هو الاسم الذي يطلقه المولدون على اللعبة المسماة بالقرق.
دراس: من يدرس القمح أي يدوسه. (الكالا) وفي معجم بوشر: درّاس القمح.
ورّاس: ساحق، ساحن (الكالا). وساحق الأصباغ وساحنها (الكالا).
وفي معجم فوك ذكرت دراس في مادة Studure.
درواس: كلب كبيرؤ الرأس (بوشر).
درياس: كلمة بربرية. ونجد أيضاً ادريس (ابن البيطار 1: 19) أو إدريس كما جاء في مخطوطة ب، وادرياس (ابن البيطار 1: 225).
وهو في كتب الرحالة دريس ودرياس ودريس ويعرف كمسهل غير إنه سام لسكان المدن. (المقدمة 1: 164)، وهو تمنس سام (كاريت جغرافية ص160)، وهو نبات ضار للإبل يشبه جذر الجزر الأصفر (مجلة الشرق والجزائر 7: 286) وهو التافسيا، ففي المستعيني مادة تافسيا: وقال ابن جلجل التافسيا ينبت في بلاد البربر بناحية فاس يعرفونه إدريس (ابن البيطار 1: 19، 225) وفي مخطوطة ب منه: يوجد هذا النبات بالقرب من فاس وهو يشبه الكلخ (باجني مخطوطات).
وفيما يقول الدكتور جويون (بربروجر ص206، 311) وهو السلفيون عند اليونان والسريتيوم عند الرومان، وعند بارت (ص468 - 469) وهو السلفيون أيضاً. وانظر أيضاً براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر (8: 281)، هاملتون (ص27).
ادريس، ادرياس، ادريس: انظر درياس.
مِدْــرَس: مسلفة، مشط (أداة مسننة تجر فوق الأرض المحروثة لتنقيب المدر وطمر الحبوب المزروعة).
مَدْــرَســة: كــرســي الأستاذية (بوشر).
ومدرســة: تطلق في إيران على ما يسمى في المغرب زاوية (انظر الكلمة) أي أنها كلية دينية ونزل مجاني تشبه شيهاً كبيراً أديرة القرون الوسطى (ابن بطوطة 2: 29، 30، 32).
ومدرســة لا تعني في الأندلس كلية لأنها لم تكن موجودة فيه فقد كانت المساجد محل التعليم. (ابن سعيد فيما ينقل المقري 1: 136) بل تعني مكتبة (الكالا) وهذا لعل من الصواب ان نترجم بهذا ما ذكره الخطيب (ص131 ق) من أن رضوان الحاجب المتوفى سنة 790م أنشأ أول مدرســة في غرناطة. وكذلك ما ذكره المقري (3: 656) من أن السلطان أوقف نسخة من الإحاطة لابن الخطيب على مدرســة في نفس المدينة. ومع ذلك فان كلمة مدرســة يمكن أن تعني كلية في هذين النصين لأنها ربما كانت قد أسست في وقت بعد الوقت الذي كتب فيه ابن سعيد.
ومدرســة: موضع تدرس فيه الحبوب وتداس ففي ابن العوام (1: 32): وفيه معرفة وقت الحصاد واختيار مواضع البيادر والمدارس والزروع (والصواب ومدارس الزرع) وفي مخطوطتنا: الأديار لمدارس الزرع.
مدرســي: مجمعي، أكاديمي (بوشر).

درس

1 دَــرَسَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. دُرُوسٌ, It (a trace, or mark, or what is termed رَسْــمٌ, S, A, K, and a house, A, or a thing, M) became effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated; (S, M, A, K;) as also ↓ اندرس, (K, TA,) said of what is termed رســم: (TA:) or it (the trace, or mark, of a house; or what remained, cleaving to the ground, marking the place of a house;) became covered with sand and dust blown over it by the wind: (TA in art. دثر:) or it (an abode, or a place of sojourning,) became effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated, and its traces, or remains, became concealed, or unseen: (Msb:) and دَــرُسَ signifies the same as دَــرَسَ in the first of the senses explained above, but in an intensive manner. (M.) b2: [Hence الآيَاتُ ↓ دَارَسَــتِ as explained near the end of this paragraph.] b3: Hence, also, (AHeyth,) دَــرَسَ الثَّوْبِ, (AHeyth, S, A, K,) inf. n. دَــرْسٌ, (S, TA,) (tropical:) The garment, or piece of cloth, became old and worn out. (AHeyth, S, A, K.) b4: And دَــرَسَ الكِتَابُ (assumed tropical:) The writing, or book, became old. (Msb.) b5: [Hence, also,] دَــرَسَــتْ, (S, M, A, K,) aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. دُرُوسٌ (S, M, K) and دَــرْسٌ, (M, K,) (tropical:) She (a woman, S, M, A, K, or, accord. to Lh, a girl, M) menstruated. (S, M, A, K.) A2: دَــرَسَــتْهُ الرِّيحُ, (S, M, K,) or الرِّيَاحُ, (A,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. دَــرْسٌ, (A, TA,) The wind, (S, M, K,) or winds, (A,) effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated, it, (S, M, A, K,) by repeatedly passing over it; (A;) namely, a trace, or mark, [of a house &c.,] or what is termed رَسْــمٌ; (S, K;) and [erased, or rased,] a house; (A;) or a thing: (M:) and دَــرَسَــهُ القَوْمُ The people effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated, it. (M.) b2: Hence, (AHeyth,) دَــرَسَ الثَّوْبَ, (AHeyth, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. دَــرْسٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He rendered the garment, or piece of cloth, old and worn-out. (AHeyth, K.) b3: دَــرَسَ الطَّعَامَ, (M,) or الحِنْطَةَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) وَنَحْوَهَا, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. دَــرْسٌ (M, K) and دِرَاسٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) (tropical:) He trod, or thrashed, the wheat, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) and the like: (Msb:) [because he who does so passes repeatedly over it:] of the dial. of El-Yemen: (M, TA:) or دِرَاسٌ in the sense here indicated is of the dial. of Syria. (TA.) b4: دَــرَسَ المَرْأَةَ, (A,) or الجَارِيَةَ, (K,) (tropical:) He compressed the woman, (A,) or the girl. (K.) b5: دَــرَسَ النَّاقَةَ, (M, A,) aor. ـُ inf. n. دَــرْسٌ, (M,) (tropical:) He broke, or trained, the she-camel: (M, A:) [and so, app., ↓ دَارَسَــهَا; for it is said that] the primary signification of مُدَارَسَــةٌ is the breaking, or training, or disciplining, [a beast;] and returning time after time (تَعَهُّدٌ) to a thing. (TA.) You say also, بَعِيرٌ لَمْ يُدْــرَسُ, meaning (tropical:) A camel that has not been ridden. (S, TA.) b6: Hence, (M,) [or from دَــرَسَــتْهُ الرِّيحُ, or from دَــرَسَ الثَّوْبَ,] دَــرَسَ الكِتَابَ, (S, M, A, K,) aor. ـِ (M, K) and دَــرِسَ, (K,) inf. n. دَــرْسٌ and دِرَاسَةٌ (S, M, K) and دَرَاسَةٌ and دِرَاسٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He read the book; (M, K;) as though he opposed it until it became easy for him to remember it: (M:) or he read it repeatedly, [or studied it,] in order to remember it: (A:) or he made it easy to remember, by much reading: (TA:) or he read and learned it: (Bd in vi. 105:) and ↓ دَارَسَــهُ, inf. n. مُدَارَسَــةٌ and دِرَاسٌ, signifies the same: (M:) and so ↓ دَــرَسَّــهُ, and ↓ أَدْــرَسَــهُ: (K:) or the former of the last two has an intensive signification: the latter of them is mentioned by IJ: (TA:) [but accord. to the M, it is said by IJ that both of these are doubly trans., and have a different signification, which is also indicated in the A as that of the former of them: see 2:] الكُتُبَ ↓ دَارَسَــتْ, and ↓ تَدَارَسْــتُهَا, and ↓ اِدَّارَسْــتُهَا, signify the same as دَــرَسْــتُهَا [I read the books, or read them repeatedly, &c.]: (S, TA:) and القُرْآنَ ↓ تَدَارَسَ signifies He read the Kur-án, and returned to it time after time, in order that he might not forget it. (TA.) Yousay also, دَــرَسْــتُ العِلْمَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. دَــرْسٌ and دِرَاسَةٌ, (tropical:) I read science. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [vi. 105], accord. to different reading, وَلِيَقُولُوا دَــرَسْــتَ, and ↓ دَارَسْــتَ, (tropical:) [And to the end that they may say, Thou hast read, &c.:] but some say that the former means Thou hast read the books of the people of the Scriptures: and the latter, Thou hast consulted, or conferred, with them; expl. by ذَاكَرْتُهُمْ: (M:) or the former means Thou hast learned: (Abu-l-'Abbás:) and the latter, Thou hast read, or studied, under the Jews as thy teachers, and they have read, or studied, under thee as their teacher: (I'Ab, Mujáhid, K:) and another reading is ↓ دَارَسَ; i. e. دَارَسَ النَّبِىُّ اليَهُودَ [he prophet hath read, or studied, with the Jews] : and another, ↓ دَارَسَــتْ, which may be rendered in two ways: The Jews have read, or studied, or consulted, or conferred, with (دَارَسَــتْ) Mohammad: and The signs (آيَات) have vied in length of time [or antiquity] with those of other scriptures so that every one of them has for the most part become obliterated: (TA:) and another reading is دَــرَسَــتْ; and another, دَــرُسَــتْ; both meaning, They (these stories, or histories,) have become obliterated: (M:) or they are things which have long since passed: (Abu-l-' Abbás:) but the latter of these two verbs has a more intensive signification: and it is also said to signify They have been dissipated. (M.) [You also say, دَــرَسَ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He read, or studied, under him as his teacher; like قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ.]2 دَــرَّسَ غَيْرَهُ (tropical:) [He made another to read, or to read repeatedly, or to study, in order to remember; or to read and learn: he taught him to read, &c.: he lectured him]. (A.) And دَــرَّسْــتُهُ الكِتَابَ and إِيَّاهُ ↓ أَدْــرَسْــتُهُ (tropical:) [I made him, or taught him, to read the book, or to read it repeatedly, or to study it, or to read and learn it]. (IJ, M.) b2: See also دَــرَسَ الكِتَابَ.3 دَارَسَــتِ الآيَاتُ: see 1.

A2: دارس النَّاقَةَ: see 1. b2: دارس غَيْرَهُ (tropical:) [He read, or studied, with another, each of them teaching the other]. (A.) and دَارَسْــتُهُ الكِتَابَ, inf. n. مُدَارَسَــةٌ, (tropical:) [I read, or read repeatedly, or studied, or read and learned, with him the book, each of us teaching the other]. (A.) And دَارَسَــهُمْ (assumed tropical:) He called to mind with them a subject of discourse, &c.; or he conferred with them; syn. ذَاكَرَهُمْ. (M.) See also 1, latter half, in five places.4 أَدْــرَسَ see 2: b2: and see دَــرَسَ الكِتَابَ.5 تَدَــرَّسْــتُ أَدْرَاسًا وَتَشَمَّلْتُ شِمَالًا (tropical:) [app., I clad myself in old and worn-out garments, and wrapped myself in shemlehs]. (A, TA.) 6 تَدَارَسُــوا الكِتَابَ حَتَّى حَفِظُوهُ (tropical:) [They read the book, or read it repeatedly, or studied it, or read and learned it, together, teaching one another, until they retained it in memory]. (A.) b2: تَدَارَسْــتُ الكُتُبَ, and اِدَّارَسْــتُهَا, and تَدَارَسَ القُرْآنَ: see دَــرَسَ الكِتَابَ.7 إِنْدَــرَسَ see 1, first signification.

دَــرْسٌ A road, or way, that is unapparent; (S, K;) as though the traces thereof had become effaced. (TA.) b2: See also دِــرْسٌ.

A2: [A lecture: pl دُرُوسٌ.]

دِــرْسٌ The relic, trace, or mark, of a thing that becomes effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated. (M.) b2: (tropical:) An old and worn-out garment, or piece of cloth; (S, M, A, K;) [app. an epithet used as a subst.;] as also ↓ دَــرْسٌ (M) and ↓ دَرِيسٌ; (S, M, A, K;) ↓ which last also signifies an old and worn-out carpet; (A;) ↓ and as an epithet, signifying old and worn-out, is applied to a coat of mail, (M, TA,) and to a sword, and to a مِغْفَر [&c.]: (TA:) pl. [of the first] أَدْرَاسٌ, (M, K,) [a pl. of pauc.,] and [of the same or of either of the others] دِــرْسَــانٌ. (S, M, K.) b3: [Hence, or, as IF says, from الحَيْض,] أَبُو أَدْرَاسٍ [in some copies of the K أُمُّ أَدْرَاسٍ] (tropical:) The pudendum muliebre. (S, O, K.) دُــرْسَــةٌ (assumed tropical:) Training, or discipline. (K.) دَرِيسٌ: see دِــرْسٌ, in three places. b2: [Also Dry بِــرْسِــيم, or Alexandrian trefoil.]

رَبْعٌ دَارِسٌ [A house of which the remains are becoming effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated: or i. q. رَبْعٌ مَدْرُوسٌ]. (A.) b2: اِمْرَأَةٌ دَارِسٌ, (M, K,) or, accord. to Lh, جَارِيَةٌ دَارِسٌ, (M,) (tropical:) A woman, (M, K,) or girl, (Lh, K,) menstruating: (Lh, M, K:) pl. دُــرَّسٌ and دَوَارِسُ. (M.) أَبُو إِدْرِيسَ (tropical:) The penis. (A, K.) تَدْرِيسٌ [inf. n. of 2, q. v.]

A2: [Also (assumed tropical:) A conventional term or signification used by the مُدَــرِّسُــون, or lecturers, tutors, or professors, of colleges]. (Mgh, in arts. حنف and دين, &c.) مِدْــرَسٌ (assumed tropical:) A book, or writing: (K, TA: but omitted in some copies of the former:) [also, accord. to Golius, a commentary by which any one is taught; Heber.

מִדְרשׁ.] b2: See also the next paragraph.

مَدْــرَسَــةٌ (tropical:) A place of reading, or study; (Msb;) in which persons read, or study; (TA;) [a college, a collegiate mosque; an academy;] as also ↓ مِدْــرَسٌ (TA) and ↓ مِدْرَاسٌ; (M, K;) the measure of which last, [as well as that of the next preceding word,] as that of a n. of place, is strange: (ISd, TA:) whence the ↓ مِدْرَاس of the Jews; (K;) their house in which is repeatedly read the Book of the Law revealed to Moses: (A:) or their house in which the Book of God is read, or read repeatedly: (TA:) or their synagogue: (Msb:) the pl. of مدرســة is مَدَارِسُ; (TA;) and that of مدارس is مَدَارِيسُ. (Msb.) b2: مَدْــرَسَــةُ النَّعَمِ (tropical:) The road or track (طَرِيق) [of camels, or of camels and sheep or goats]. (A, TA.) مُدَــرَّسٌ (tropical:) A bed made plain, even, smooth, or easy to lie upon. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) A man tried and proved, or tried and strengthened, by use, practice, or experience; expert, or experienced. (A, TS, K.) مُدَــرِّسٌ (tropical:) A man who reads much and repeatedly. (K, TA.) b2: Hence, the مُدَــرِّس of مَدْــرَسَــة (tropical:) [i. e. The lecturer, tutor, or professor, of a college, a collegiate mosque, or an academy: from which it is not to be understood that there is but one such person to every college; for generally one college has several مُدَــرِّسُــون]. (TA.) مِدْرَاسٌ: see مَدْــرَسَــةٌ, in two places. b2: Also (tropical:) One who reads, or reads repeatedly, or studies, the books of the Jews: the measure of the word implies intensiveness. (TA.) رَبْعٌ مَدْرُوسٌ [A house of which the remains are effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated: see also دَارِسٌ]. (A.) b2: طَرِيقٌ مَدْرُوسٌ (tropical:) A road much beaten by passengers, so as to be made easy by them. (A, TA.) مُدَارِسٌ (tropical:) One who reads, or studies, with another; syn. مُقَارِئٌ: (K:) or one who has read books. (K.)