نجو
أصل النَّجَاء: الانفصالُ من الشيء، ومنه: نَجَا فلان من فلان وأَنْجَيْتُهُ ونَجَّيْتُهُ. قال تعالى:
وَأَنْجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا
[النمل/ 53] وقال:
إِنَّا مُنَجُّوكَ وَأَهْلَكَ
[العنكبوت/ 33] ، وَإِذْ نَجَّيْناكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ
[البقرة/ 49] ، فَلَمَّا أَنْجاهُمْ إِذا هُمْ يَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِ
[يونس/ 23] ، فَأَنْجَيْناهُ وَأَهْلَهُ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَهُ
[الأعراف/ 83] ، فَأَنْجَيْناهُ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنَّا [الأعراف/ 72] ، وَنَجَّيْناهُما وَقَوْمَهُما
[الصافات/ 115] ، نَجَّيْناهُمْ بِسَحَرٍ نِعْمَةً [القمر/ 34- 35] ، وَنَجَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا [فصلت/ 18] ، وَنَجَّيْناهُمْ مِنْ عَذابٍ غَلِيظٍ [هود/ 58] ، ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا
[مريم/ 72] ، ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي رُسُلَنا [يونس/ 103] والنَّجْوَةُ والنَّجَاةُ: المكان المُرتفِع المنفصل بارتفاعه عمّا حوله، وقيل: سمّي لكونه نَاجِياً من السَّيْل، وَنَجَّيْتُهُ: تركته بنَجْوة، وعلى هذا: فَالْيَوْمَ نُنَجِّيكَ بِبَدَنِكَ
[يونس/ 92] ونَجَوْتُ قِشْرَ الشجرةِ، وجِلْدَ الشاةِ، ولاشتراكهما في ذلك قال الشاعر:
فقلت انْجُوَا عنها نَجا الجلد إنه سيرضيكما منها سنام وغاربه
ونَاجَيْتُهُ. أي: سارَرْتُه، وأصله أن تخلو به في نَجْوة من الأرض. وقيل: أصله من النّجاة، وهو أن تعاونه على ما فيه خلاصه. أو أن تَنْجُوَ بسرِّك من أن يطلع عليك، وتَنَاجَى القومُ، قال: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذا تَناجَيْتُمْ فَلا تَتَناجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوانِ وَمَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ وَتَناجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوى
[المجادلة/ 9] ، إِذا ناجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْواكُمْ صَدَقَةً
[المجادلة/ 12] والنَّجْوَى أصله المصدر، قال:
إِنَّمَا النَّجْوى مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ [المجادلة/ 10] وقال: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوى [المجادلة/ 8] ، وقوله: وَأَسَرُّوا النَّجْوَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا [الأنبياء/ 3] تنبيها أنهم لم يظهروا بوجه، لأنّ النّجوى ربّما تظهر بعد. وقال: ما يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ [المجادلة/ 7] وقد يوصف بالنّجوى، فيقال: هو نَجْوَى، وهم نَجْوَى. قال تعالى: وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوى [الإسراء/ 47] والنَّجِيُّ: المُنَاجِي، ويقال للواحد والجمع. قال تعالى: وَقَرَّبْناهُ نَجِيًّا
[مريم/ 52] ، وقال: فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْأَسُوا مِنْهُ خَلَصُوا نَجِيًّا [يوسف/ 80] وانْتَجَيْتُ فلانا: استخلصته لسرِّي، وأَنْجَى فُلانٌ: أتى نَجْوَةً، وهم في أرض نَجَاةٍ: أي: في أرض يُسْتَنْجَى من شَجَرِها العِصِيُّ والقِسِيُّ. أي: يتّخذ ويستخلص، والنَّجا: عِيدانٌ قد قُشِرَتْ، قال بعضهم: يقال: نجوْتُ فلانا: استنكهته ، واحتجَّ بقول الشاعر:
نَجَوْتُ مجالدا فوجدت منه كريح الكلب مات حديث عهد
فإن يكن حمل نجوت على هذا المعنى من أجل هذا البيت فليس في البيت حجّة له، وإنما أراد أنّي سارَرْتُهُ، فَوَجَدْتُ من بَخَره ريحَ الكلب الميِّت. وكُنِّي عمّا يخرج من الإنسان بِالنَّجْوِ، وقيل: شرب دواءً فما أَنْجَاهُ. أي: ما أقامه، والاسْتِنْجَاءُ: تحرِّي إزالةِ النَّجْوِ، أو طلب نَجْوَةٍ لإلقاء الأَذَى. كقولهم: تَغَوَّطَ: إذا طلب غائطاً من الأرض، أو طلب نجوةً. أي: قِطْعَةَ مَدَرٍ لإزالة الأذى. كقولهم: اسْتَجْمَرَ إذا طلب جِمَاراً. أي: حجرا، والنّجأة بالهمز: الإصابة بالعين. وفي الحديث: «ادْفَعُوا نَجْأَةَ السَّائِلِ بِاللُّقْمَة» .

عصو

1 عَصَاهُ, (K, TA,) aor. ـْ (TA,) inf. n. عَصْوٌ, (TK,) He struck him, or beat him, with the staff or stick or rod (بِالعَصَا): (K, TA:) or عَصَوْتُهُ بِالعَصَا I struck him, or beat him, with the staff &c. (S.) b2: And عَصِىَ بِهَا He took it, i. e. the staff &c.: and عَصِىَ بِسَيْفِهِ he took his sword as one takes the staff: or he struck, or beat, with it as one does with the staff; as also عَصَا, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَصًا: or you say عَصَوْتُ بِالسَّيْفِ and عَصِيتُ بِالعَصَا [in the CK عَصَيْتُ]: or the reverse of this: or each of these verbs followed by بالسيف and بالعصا: (K, TA:) all these phrases are mentioned by the leading lexicologists and by ISd in the M: (TA:) or you say عَصِىَ بِالسَّيْفِ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَصًا, meaning he struck with the sword. (S.) [See also 5.] b3: عَاصَانِى فَعَصَوْتُهُ: see 3. b4: [See also 2.]

A2: عَصَوْتُ القَوْمَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـْ (TA,) I collected together the people, or party, for good or for evil. (K, TA.) [This seems to be regarded by some as the primary signification; (see عَصًا;) but, I think, without good reason.] b2: And عَصَوْتُ الجُرْحَ, (S, K,) inf. n. عَصْوٌ, I bound the wound. (S, K.) A3: عَصَا, inf. n. عَصْوٌ, also signifies It was, or became, hard: as though for عَسَا; the س being changed into ص. (TA.) A4: And عَصَا, aor. ـْ said of a bird, It flew. (TA.) 2 عصّاهُ العَصَا, inf. n. تَعْصِيَةٌ, He gave him the عصا [or staff, &c.]. (K. [Accord. to Golius, عَصَاهُ; evidently a mistake, for عصّاه is not mentioned by him.]) 3 عَاْصَوَ ↓ عَاصَانِى فَعَصَوْتُهُ He contended with me in striking, or beating, (K, TA,) or, as in the M, he acted roughly towards me, and opposed me, or contended with me, (TA,) with the عَصَا [or staff, &c.], and I overcame him [therein]. (K, TA.) 4 اعصى It (a grape-vine) put forth its عِيدَان (S, K, TA) or عُصِىّ CCC [i. e. rods]. (TA.) 5 تعصّى He struck, or beat, with the عَصَا [or staff, &c.]. (Mgh.) And تعصّى بِالعَصَا He made use of the عصا [or staff, &c.]: and he struck, or beat, with it. (Mgh.) 8 اعتصى عَلَى العَصَا He leaned, or he supported, or stayed, himself, upon the عَصَا [or staff, &c.]. (S, Mgh.) b2: And يَعْتَصِى بِالسَّيْفِ He makes use of the sword as a staff. (S, and TA in this art. and in art. عصى.) b3: And اعتصى الشَّجَرَةَ He cut a staff, or stick, or rod, (عَصًا,) from the tree. (K.) عَصًا i. q. عُودٌ [as meaning A staff, or stick, or rod]: (K:) originally عَصَوٌ, and accordingly its dual is as below: said to be thus called because the fingers and hand are put together upon it [to grasp it], from the saying عَصَوْتُ القَوْمَ “ I collected together the people, or party; ” as related by As from some one or more of the Basrees: (TA:) of the fem. gender: (S, Msb, K:) it is said in a prov., ↓ العَصَا مِنَ العُصَيَّةِ [lit. The staff is from the little staff; the dim. having the affix ة because it is the dim. of a fem. n.]; (S;) [or]

العَصَا in this prov. is the name of a mare of Jedheemeh [mentioned voce ضُلٌّ], and العُصَيَّة is that of her dam; meaning that part of the thing, or affair, is from part; (S, K, TA;) and said when one is likened to his father; or meaning that the big thing is in its commencement small: (TA: [see also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 17:]) it is not allowable to say عَصَآء; nor to affix ة: (As, TA:) one says, هٰذِهِ عَصَاىَ أَتَوَكَّأُ عَلَيْهَا [This is my staff; I support, or stay, myself upon it]: Fr says that the first incorrect speech heard in El-'Irák was the saying, هٰذِهِ عَصَاتِى: (S:) the dual is عَصَوَانِ: (S, Msb:) and the pl. [of mult.] is عُصِىٌّ, (S, Msb, K,) [originally عُصُووٌ,] of the measure فُعُولٌ, (S, Msb,) and عِصِىٌّ, (S, K,) in which the ع is with kesr because of the kesrah following it, and [of pauc.] أَعْصٍ (S, Msb, K) and أَعْصَآءٌ, (K,) or this last is agreeable with analogy, but has not been transmitted, (ISk, Msb,) and is disallowed by Sb, who says that عُصِىٌّ CCC was used in its stead. (TA.) b2: [Hence various sayings, here following. b3: ] أَلْقَى عَصَاهُ [lit. He threw down his staff;] meaning (tropical:) he stayed, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and rested, (Msb,) and ceased from journeys, (S,) having reached his place: (K, TA:) a prov.; (S, TA;) applied to him to whom an affair has become suitable and who has therefore kept to it: (TA:) or he made firm his tent-pegs, and pitched his tent, or stayed; (K, TA;) like him who has returned from his journey. (TA.) And رَفَعَ عَصَاهُ [He took up his staff] means (assumed tropical:) he ceased from staying [in a place at which he had alighted; he departed]. (Har p. 454.) b4: لَا تَرْفَعْ عَصَاكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ [Put not thou away thy staff, or stick, from thy family, or thy wife,] denotes [the practice of] discipline. (S. [See art. رفع, p. 1122, col. 3.]) b5: هُمْ عَبِيدُ العَصَا [They are the slaves of the staff] means (assumed tropical:) they are [persons] beaten with the staff. (K, TA.) It is said in the A, النَّاسُ عَبِيدُ العَصَا [Mankind are the slaves of the staff], meaning that they are dreaded by reason of their doing harm [and are therefore to be kept in awe]. (TA.) b6: And مَا هُمْ إِلَّا عَبِيدُ العَصَا [They are none other than the slaves of the staff] is said of persons regarded as low, base, or vile. (TA.) b7: إِنَّهُ لَيِّنُ العَصَا [Verily he is one whose staff is supple] means (tropical:) he is gentle, a good manager of that whereof he has the charge: (S, K: *) accord. to ISd, alluding to the beating little with the عصا. (TA.) And إِنَّهُ ضَعِيفُ العَصَا [Verily he is one whose staff is weak], meaning تِرْعِيَّةٌ [i. e., (assumed tropical:) one who performs well the act of keeping or tending, or of pasturing or feeding, camels]: (S:) or one who beats the camels little (K, TA) with the عَصا: and such is commended. (TA.) And صَلِيبُ العَصَا and صُلْبُهَا [One whose staff is hard], i. e. (assumed tropical:) one who is ungentle with the camels, beating them with the عصا: and such is discommended. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse of Er-Rá'ee cited voce صُلْبٌ. b8: قَرَعَهُ بِعَصَا المَلَامَةِ [He struck him with the staff of censure] means (assumed tropical:) he exceeded the usual bounds in censuring him. (TA.) b9: See also 1 in art. قرع. b10: فُلَانٌ يُصَلِّى عَصَا فُلَانٍ [Such a one straightens the staff of such a one by turning it round over the fire] means (assumed tropical:) such a one manages, orders, or regulates, the affairs of such a one. (TA.) b11: لَا تَدْخُلْ بَيْنَ العَصَا وَلِحَائِهَا [Enter not thou between the staff and its peel] means [(assumed tropical:) intermeddle not thou between two close friends; (see Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 153;) or] enter not thou into that which does not concern thee. (TA.) and قَشَرْتُ لَهُ العَصَا [I peeled for him the staff] means (assumed tropical:) I discovered to him what was in my mind. (TA.) b12: شَقُّ العَصَا [lit. The splitting of the staff] means (assumed tropical:) the contravening of the collective body [or the community] of El-Islám [i. e. of the Muslims]: (K, TA:) and also (assumed tropical:) the disuniting of the collective body of the tribe: (TA:) or شَقَّ العَصَا means (tropical:) He separated himself from, and he contravened, the collective body [or the community]: (Msb:) and [it is said that] the primary signification of العَصَا is the state of combination and union: (TA:) this is the meaning in the saying, respecting the خَوَارِج [see خارِجِىٌّ], قَدْ شَقُّوا عَصَا المُسْلِمِينَ (assumed tropical:) [They have made a schism in the state of combination and union, or in the communion, of the Muslims]. (S, TA.) [Hence,] their saying إِيَّاكَ وَقَتْلَ العَصَا means (assumed tropical:) Beware thou of slaying or being slain in making a schism in the communion of the Muslims (فِى شَقِّ عَصَا المُسْلِمِينَ). (TA.) and one says, اِنْشَقَّتِ العَصَا (S, TA) [The staff became split], meaning, (assumed tropical:) disagreement, or discord, befell. (TA.) And طَارَتْ عَصَا بَنِى فُلَانٍ شِقَقًا [lit. The staff of the sons of such a one flew in splinters], a prov., meaning (assumed tropical:) the sons of such a one became scattered in various directions. (Meyd.) b13: عَصَا العَبْدِ [The stick of the slave] is the thing with which one stirs the مَلَّة [or hot ashes wherein bread is baked]. (TA.) b14: العَصَا signifies also (tropical:) The bone of the shank; (K, TA;) as being likened to the عصا [properly so called]. (TA.) And [the pl.] العِصِىُّ, (assumed tropical:) The bones that are in the wing. (S.) And [the same, or] العُصِىُّ, (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, having the form of the عَصَا [or rather of عصىّ]. (TA. [But what stars these are, I have not been able to determine.]) b15: Also, (i. e. العَصَا,) The tongue. (K.) [Perhaps as being likened to a staff because used in chiding.] b16: And The woman's [muffler, or headcovering, called] خِمَار. (K.) b17: عَصَا الرَّاعِى [The pastor's rod; and appellation of knot-grass; a species of polygonum, p. aviculare;] the بطباط [i. e. بَطْبَاط, but the former name is the better known]; male, and female, the former of which is the more potent: asserted by Dioscorides to be diuretic, and a remedy for him who suffers suppression of the urine. (Ibn-Seenà, whom we call Avicenna, book ii. p. 229.) عُصَيَّةٌ dim. of عَصًا, q. v.

العَاصِى: see عَاصٍ in art. عصى.

قب: قب: انتفش، ازبار، قف. (بوشر، هلو).
قب: انتصب. (بوشر).
قب القوم: ارتحلوا، وهو من كلام العامة (محيط المحيط).
قب الشيء عن موضعه: ارتفع، وهو من كلام العامة. (محيط المحيط).
قب: سبح، عام. (بوشر).
قب: شظية خشب في الجانب الأيمن من القانون (صفة مصر 13: 308).
قب: انظر المعاني الأخرى لكلمة قب في الآلات الموسيقية في صفة مصر (14: 124).
قب المنجل: عند العامة مقبضها الأجوف (محيط المحيط).
قب الميزان: عند العامة القائمة التي تعلق بها فتاة. (محيط المحيط).
قب: في الأمثال (23: 34) حيث يحض المؤلف الرجل ويعظه بأن يحترس من السكر: ترى نفسك كمن ينام على (ما معناه بالعبرية) ذروة الصاري.
وقد فسر أبو الوليد (ص784) هاتين الكلمتين بقوله قب الصاري.
وكلمة قب العربية بمعنى رأس غربية في اللغة الدارجة ولذلك أفضل أن أرى في كلمة قب هذه الكلمة الأسبانية cabo بمعنى طرف: نهاية حد.
ففي معجم الملاحة لجال (ص838): (إن عددا من العمارات القديمة فيها على رأس صاري المركب سطح صغير في شكل زنبيل مستدير أجوف أو شكل كأس أو طاس، وهذا السطح في أعلى الصاري يجلس عليه المراقبون والمحاربون).
قب (بالعبرية قن): اسم مكيال للحبوب. (لب الألباب ص203).
قب، والجمع اقواب (كذا): دلو، قادوس، سطل. (فوك) وفيه: كوب أيضا.
قب: قادوس، سطل من خشب بعروتين من خشب يحيط بالدلو وجمعه أقباب.
قبة: (في الكالا قبة) (وباللاتينية وبالأسبانية والإيطالية والبروفنسالية: cappa, capa وبالفرنسية: ( chapa cape) وجمعها قباب، وفي معجم الكالا قباب: معطف قباء (الكالا). وفي تاريخ ابن الأثير (8: 407): أن أميرا أمر (الناس) أن يظهروا النياحة ويلبسوا قبابا عملوها بالمسوح في ذكرى مقتــل الحسين.
ويقال: كبة أيضا قبة الثوب: طرفه الذي يحيط بالعنق. ياقة الثوب. (بوشر، محيط المحيط). قبة: عقد. (فوك، الكالا).
قبة: بناء مستدير مقوس يعقد بالآجر ونحوه. (بوشر).
قبة: بناء سقفه مستدير معقود بالحجارة أو الآجر على هيئة الخيمة. (عباد 1: 142 رقم 411، لين ألف ليلة 1: 133 رقم 48، محيط المحيط).
قبة: مسجد، معبد، مصلى. (الكالا).
قبة: اسم يطلق على مسجد في أعلاه قبة وفيه قبر رجل عظيم وبخاصة فبرولي أو قبر مربوط من المرابطين. (ريشاردسن مراكش 2: 231، جاكسون ص120، 147، جاكسون تمبكتو ص117، دوماس صحاري ص212، 424، دوماس قبيل ص53، 144، لين عادات 1: 324، 2: 232، نبيور رحلة 1: 344، ابن خلكان 1: 180، كرتاس ص130، ألف ليلة 1: 101).
قبة: خيمة كبيرة. وكان العرب القدماء يتخذونها من الجلد الأحمر وهي مخصصة للرؤساء وكبار رجال القبيلة. (الجريدة الآسيوية 1838، 1: 252).
قبة: سرادق، صيوان، فسطاط. نوع من الخيام (بوشر).
قبة: كوخ، خص، عشة، وخيمة، ومظلة. (فوك).
قبة: خيمة صغيرة أو سرير يوضع فوق سطح المنزل أيام العيد. (ليون ص317).
قبة: محفة على شكل قبة يحملها جمل ويركب فيها شخص واحد. (بوشر).
قبة: هودج. (برجون، مارسيل، هلو، معجم الطرائف، ابن جبير ص201، ابن خلكان 8: 94، 11: 73، دي ساسي طرائف 1: 7).
قبة: غرفة صغيرة. (معجم الأسبانية ص90 - 91).
قبة: ظلة، سرادق، مظلة كبيرة للوقاية من الشمس. (مملوك 1، 1: 134)، وفي الاكتفا (ص127 و) في الكلام عن لذريق: وهو على سرير تحمله ثلاث بغلات مقرونات عليه قبة مكللة بالدر والياقوت.
وحين تكون هذه الطلة أو المظلة الكبيرة تعلوها صورة طير من الذهب أو الفضة المموهة بالذهب فهي شعار السلطة في مصر (مملوك 1: 1) غير أنهم لم يكونوا يرفعونها بمصر إلا أيام الأعياد (ابن بطوطة 3: 205. دي ساسي طرائف 2: 268).
وفي رحلة ابن بطوطة (2: 187): وكانوا يحملون فوق رأس سلطان ماقديشو أربع مظلات من الحرير الملون ويعلو كل واحدة منها صورة طير من الذهب.
أما اليوم فقد نسوا في مصر معنى القبة والطير الأصلي ونسبوا إليه معنى آخر. (لين عادات 2: 369).
قبة: خيمة، سرادق لحماية القرع. (بوشر).
قبة: إسكيم، ثوب الراهب، معطف بغطاء للرأس. برنس. (المعجم اللاتيني -العربي).
قبة: في ألف ليلة (4: 7): أحضر عشر قبات من الحلوى؟ وفي طبعة برسل قعبان، ويرى لين أنها قعاب.
قبة الأرض وقبة أرين: لما كان الهنود يعتقدون أن شبه جزيرتهم هي وسط العالم فهم يرون أن خط الزوال أو دائرة نصف النهار يمر فوق رؤوسهم.
ويعتقدون إن دائرة نصف النهار بعد أن تجاوزت القطب الجنوبي قد اجتازت جزيرة لانكا مرت بالأماكن التي تعتبر من أهم الأماكن في تقاليد أهل الهند وهي مدينة اوجين عاصمة الملايو التي كانت مدة طويلة موطن الآداب في شبه الجزيرة وجدت فيها كثيرة من أبحاث علم الفلك.
ويطلق على دائرة نصف النهار أسماء مختلفة منها دائرة نصف نهار لانكان ودائرة نصف نهار اوجين.
وقد سماها العرب قبة الأرض لأن كلمة قبة تطلق أيضا على الموضع الذي يعتبر مركزا للمواضع الأخرى وتتفوق عليها بعض التوفق.
أو إنها قبة أزين، فالجيم عند أهل الهند ينطق جيما حينا وزايا حينا آخر.
ولما كانت المخطوطات تهمل في الغالب ضبط الكلمة فقد اعتاد عامة القراء على أن ينطقوها أزين، ثم أهملت المخطوطات نقطة الزاي فصارت الكلمة أرين. (انظر رينو، جغرافية أبي الفدا 1: 135).
قبة الإسلام: ليست لقب مدينة البصرة فقط بل لقب مدن أخرى أيضا. (تعليقات وخلاصات 13: 172).
قبة الرأس: قحف الرأس، قمة الرأس، جمجمة، (ألف ليلة 3: 30).
قبة الشهادة عند إليهود: خيمة من كتان كان يغطي بها تابوت العهد، حين إقامة اليهود في الصحراء إلى أن بني الهيكل (محيط المحيط) ويقال لها أيضا: قبة الزمان (محيط المحيط).
وقبة العهد. (بوشر).
قبة العين: الجفن. (بوشر).
قبة نجران: قبة عظيمة يضرب بها المثل، قيل إنها كانت تظلل ألف رجل، وكان إذا نزل بها مستجير أجير أو خائف حاجة قضيت وكانت هذه القبة لعبد المسيح بن دارس بن عدي مصنوعة من ثلاثمائة جلدن وكان عبد المسيح ينفق فيها كل سنة عشرة آلاف دينار. ونجران بلد في اليمن كانت هذه القبة بجانب نهر فيها. وكانت العرب تسميها كعبة نجران لأنهم كانوا يقصدون زيارتها كما يقصدون زيارة الكعبة (محيط المحيط).
قبة الهواء: منطاد، سفينة هوائية، وهو منطاد مملوء سائلا أخف من الهواء فيرتفع في الجو (بوشر).
قبة الميزان: قائمة تعلق بها كفتاه، وهي قطعة من حديد يرفع بها الميزان إذا أرادوا وزن شيء. (معجم الأسبانية ص91، فوك).
(معجم الأسبانية ص91، فوك).
وفي معجم بوشر ذراع الميزان وهو القضيب العرضاني في الميزان.
قبابة: تقبب، تحدب، (بوشر).
قباب: براميلي، صانع البراميل ومصلحها. (دومب ص104).
حمار قبان: عير قبان، دويبة من القشريات ذات أرجل مستديرة (بوشر).
مقبب: محدب (بوشر) وفي الملابس (ص238): بالغوا في تبطين كما يقول ديفريمري.

قب

1 قَبَّ, aor. ـِ (M, K,) inf. n. قَبِيبٌ, (M,) or قُبُوبٌ, (so in the K, [but see the next sentence,]) and قَبٌّ, (TA,) said of a number of men (قَوْمٌ), They raised a clamour, or confusion of cries or shouts or noises, in contention, or litigation, (M, K,) or in dispute. (M.) And قَبَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَبِيبٌ (S, M, O, K,) and قَبٌّ, (M, K,) said of a lion, (S, M, O, K,) and of a stallion [camel], (M, K,) He made the gnashing (قَبْقَبَة [inf. n. of ↓ قَبْقَبَ], S, O, or قَعْقَعَة, M, K) of his canine teeth to be heard: (S, M, O, K:) and in like manner the verb (M, K) with the same inf. ns. (M) is said of the canine tooth of the stallion [camel] and of the lion, (M, K,) meaning it made a sounding, and a gnashing: (K:) and some expl. قَبِيبٌ in a general manner, saying that it signifies a sounding, or sound: (M:) قَبْقَبَةٌ also, and قَبْقَابٌ, [both inf. ns. of ↓ قَبْقَبَ,] (M,) or the former and قَبِيبٌ, (TA,) signify the sounding [or gnashing] of the canine teeth of the stallion [camel]: and his braying: or, as some say, the reiterating of the braying: (M, TA:) and ↓ قبقبة and قَبِيبٌ signify the sounding of the chest or belly of the horse. (S, M, O.) A2: And قَبَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قُبُوبٌ, said of flesh-meat, It lost its moisture, (S, M, O, K,) or fresh-ness: (M, K:) and in like manner said of dates (تَمْر), (S, M, O, Msb, [in my copy of the last of which the inf. n. is said to be قَبِيب,]) and of the skin, and of a wound: (S, O:) and hence said of the back of a man who had been beaten with the whip or some other thing, meaning the marks of the beating thereof became in a healing state, and dried. (As, O, TA.) And قَبَّتِ الرُّطَبَةُ, (M, TA,) thus correctly, but in copies of the K ↓ قَبَّبَت, (TA,) [and the CK has الرَّطْبَةُ for الرُّطَبَةُ,] is said to signify The fresh ripe date became somewhat dry after the ripening: (M, TA:) or became dry. (K.) b2: And قَبَّ النَّبْتُ, aor. ـِ and قَبُّ, [the latter anomalous,] inf. n. قَبٌّ, The plant dried up. (M, L, K.) A3: قَبَّ, (M, MA,) aor. ـَ (M,) inf. n. قَبَبٌ, (S, * M, MA, O, * K, *) He was, or became, slender in the waist, (S, * M, MA, O, * K, *) lank in the belly: (S, * M, O, * K: *) and قَبِبَتْ, uncontracted, as in some other instances, said of a woman [as meaning she was, or became, slender in the waist, lank in the belly], is mentioned by IAar: (M:) and some say, of the belly of the horse, قَبَّ, (M, TA,) meaning his flanks became lank; (M;) or his flanks adhered to his حَالِبَانِ [dual. of حَالِبٌ, q. v.]: (TA:) or one says, [app. of a horse,] قَبَّ بَطْنُهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. قَبٌّ; (TA;) and قَبِبَ, (K, TA,) inf. n. قَبَبٌ, in the original uncontracted forms, anomalously, (TA,) meaning his belly became lank. (K, TA.) And one says also, قُبَّ بَطْنُهُ, i. e. His (a horse's) belly was, or became, firmly compacted, so as to have a round form: and قَبَّهُ means He caused it to be so: (O, TA:) the aor. of the latter is قَبُّ, and the inf. n. is قَبٌّ. (TA.) A4: قَبَّ الشَّىْءَ He collected, or gathered together, the extremities of the thing; as also ↓ قَبَّبَهُ. (M, TA.) A5: And قَبَّهُ, aor. ـُ (S, M, O,) inf. n. قَبٌّ, (M, K,) He cut it off; (S, M, O, K; *) and ↓ اقتبّهُ signifies the same: (M, K: *) or, [app. the latter,] as some say, peculiarly the hand, or arm: (M:) one says, اقتبّ فُلَانٌ يَدَ فُلَانٍ Such a one cut off the hand, or arm, of such a one: (As, S, O:) or اِقْتِبَابٌ signifies any cutting off that does not leave aught. (M.) A6: See also the next paragraph.2 قبّب He (a man) made a قُبَّة [q. v.]: (K:) or so ↓ قَبَّ: (TA:) and قبّب قُبَّةً, (M, TA,) inf. n. تَقْبِيبٌ, (TA,) he made, (M,) or constructed, (TA,) a قَبَّة. (M, TA.) [Hence,] الهَوَادِجُ تُقَبَّبُ [The women's camel vehicles of the kind called هوادج have dome-like, or tent-like, coverings made to them]. (S, O.) b2: [Hence also,] قبّب ظَهْرَهُ [He (a man) made his back round like a dome, lowering his head]. (S and K in art. دبخ.) A2: See also 1, in two places, near the middle and near the end.5 تقبّب قُبَّةً He entered a قُبَّة [q. v.]. (M, K.) 8 إِقْتَبَ3َ see 1, near the end. b2: IAar says, El-'Okeylee used not to discourse of anything but I wrote it down from him; wherefore he said, إِلَّا انْتَقَرَهَا إلَّا اقْتَبَّهَا وَلَا نُقَارَةً ↓ مَا تَرَكَ عِنْدِى قَابَّةً, meaning (assumed tropical:) He did not leave with me any approved and choice word but he cut it off for himself [or appropriated it to his own use], nor any such expression but he took it for himself. (M, TA.) R. Q. 1 قَبْقَبَ, and its inf. ns.: see 1, former half, in three places. Said of a stallion [camel], (O, TA,) it signifies [also] He brayed: (O, K, * TA:) and, said of a lion, (S, M, TA,) he roared; (S, K, * TA;) and he uttered a sound; (K, TA;) and (TA) he made a grating sound with his canine teeth: (M, TA:) and, said of the فَرْج of a woman by reason of the act of إِيلَاج, it made a sound. (IAar, O.) And, said of a sword, in a striking [therewith], It made a sound like قَبْ [q. v.]. (A.) A2: Also, (said of a man, O) He was, or became, foolish, stupid, or unsound in intellect or understanding. (O, K.) R. Q. 2 جَيْشٌ يَتَقَبْقَبُ An army of which one part presses upon another. (TA in art. جعب.) قَبْ, (M, A, K,) or قَبْ قَبْ, (TA,) an expression imitative of The sound of the fall of a sword [upon an object struck therewith] (M, A, * K, TA) in fight. (TA.) قَبٌّ The perforation in which runs [or rather through which passes] the pivot of the مَحَالَة [or great pulley]: (M, K:) or the hole which is in the middle of the بَكْرَة [or sheave] (M, A, K) and around which the latter revolves: (A:) or the [sheave or] perforated piece of wood which revolves around the pivot: and its pl., in these senses, is أَقُبٌّ, only: (M:) or the piece of wood above the teeth of the مَحَالَة: (K, TA:) or [this is app. a mistake, or mistranscription, and the right explanation is] the piece of wood [i. e. the sheave] (S, O, TA) in the middle of the بَكْرَة, (S, O,) above which are teeth (S, O, TA) of wood, (S, O,) the teeth of the محالة [between which teeth runs the well-rope]; thus says As. (TA.) [See an ex. in a verse of Zuheyr cited voce ثِنَايَةٌ.] b2: And The head [or truck] of the دَقَل [or mast] of a ship. (Az, TA in art. رنح.) b3: And [app. as being likened to the pivot-hole of the sheave of a pulley,] (tropical:) A head, chief, or ruler, (S, M, A, O, K,) of a people, or party: (M, A:) or the greatest head or chief or ruler; (M;) or such is called القَبُّ الأَكْبَرُ; (S, O;) and this appellation means the شَيْخ [or elder, &c.,] upon [the control of] whom the affairs of the people, or party, turn. (A.) And, (K,) some say, (M,) (assumed tropical:) A king: (M, K:) and, (K,) some say, (M,) a خَلِيفَة [q. v.]. (M, K.) [See also قِبٌّ.] b4: And [hence, perhaps,] (assumed tropical:) A فَحْل [i. e. stallion, or male,] of camels and of mankind. (O, K.) b5: Also (assumed tropical:) The back-part of a coat of mail: so called because that part is its main support; from the قَبّ of a pulley. (TA, from a trad.) b6: And (assumed tropical:) The piece, or pieces, inserted [i. e. sewed inside, next to the edge,] in the جَيْب [or opening at the neck and bosom] of a shirt. (A 'Obeyd, S, M, O, K.) [And in the present day it is likewise used to signify The collar of a shirt or similar garment; as also ↓ قَبَّةٌ.]

A2: Also The part between the two hips: (M, K:) or, between the two buttocks: (K:) or قَبُّ الدُّبُرِ meanswhat is between the two buttocks. (M.) See also قِبٌّ.

A3: And The hardest, or most severe, (M, O, K,) and largest, (M, K,) of لُجُم [i. e. bits, or bridles; pl. of لِجَامٌ, q. v.]. (M, O, K.) A4: and A certain measure for corn, or grain, or other kinds of the produce of land. (TA.) A5: وَتَرٌ قَبٌّ means [app. A bow-string] of which the several طَاقَات [or component fascicles of fibres or the like] are even. (A.) قِبٌّ, with kesr, The شَيْخ [or elder, &c.,] of a people, or party: (S, O, K:) but he is rather called قَبّ, with fet-h, as mentioned above. (TA.) A2: And The bone that projects from the back, between the two buttocks; (S, O, K;) i. q. عَجْبٌ: (TA:) one says, أَلْزِقْ قِبَّكَ بِالأَرْضِ, (S, O, TA,) but it is said that in a copy of the T, in the handwriting of its author, it is ↓ قَبَّكَ, with fet-h, (TA,) [as it is also in a copy of the A.] i. e. [Make thou] thy عَجْب [to cleave to the ground], (A, TA,) meaning (tropical:) sit thou. (A.) قَبَّةٌ: see قَبٌّ, last quarter.

قُبَّةٌ A certain kind of structure, (S, M, A, O, Msb, TA,) well known; (M, A, Msb, TA;) and applied to a round بَيْت [i. e. tent, or pavilion], well known among the Turkumán and the Akrád; (Msb;) it is what is called a خَرْقَاهَة [an Arabicized word from the Pers\. خَرْكَاه]; (Mgh, Msb;) and signifies any round structure: (Mgh:) it is said to be a structure of skins, or tanned hides, peculiarly; (M, TA;) derived from قَبَّ الشَّىْءَ and قَبَّبَهُ meaning “ he collected, or gathered together, the extremities of the thing: ” (M:) accord. to IAth, it is a small round tent of the kind called خِبَآء; of the tents of the Arabs: in the 'Ináyeh it is said to be what is raised for the purpose of the entering thereinto; and not to be peculiarly a structure: (TA:) [also a dome-like, or tent-like, covering of a woman's camel-vehicle of the kind called هَوْدَج: and a dome, or cupola, of stone or bricks: and a building covered with a dome or cupola:] the pl. is قِبَابٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and قُبَبٌ. (S, M, O, K.) b2: [Hence,] قُبَّةُ السَّنَامِ (assumed tropical:) [The round, protuberant, upper portion of the camel's hump]. (A, voce قَحَدَةٌ.) b3: قُبَّةُ الإِسْلَامِ is an appellation of El-Basrah. (M, K.) b4: And القُبَّةُ is the name by which some of the Arabs call (assumed tropical:) The thirteen stars that compose the constellation of Corona Australis; because of their round form. (Kzw.) قِبَّةُ الشَّاةِ, also pronounced without teshdeed [i. e. قِبَة], The حَفِث [q. v.] of the sheep or goat, (S, O, K,) which has أَطْبَاق, [see, again, حَفِثٌ,] (S, O,) and which is the receptacle whereto the feces of the stomach finally pass. (TA.) [See also art. وقب.]

قُبَابٌ Sharp; (O, K;) applied to a sword and the like: (K:) from قَبَّ “ he cut off. ” (TA.) A2: And A thick, large, nose. (M, K.) A3: And, (M, O,) or ↓ قِبَابٌ, (K,) A species of fish, (M, O, K,) which is eaten, resembling the كَنْعَد. (M, O.) قِبَابٌ: see what next precedes.

قَبِيبٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.].

A2: Also Dry herbage: like قَفِيفٌ. (M.) b2: And [The preparation of curd called] أَقِط of which the dry has been mixed with the fresh. (M, K.) القَبَّابُ The lion; as also ↓ المُقَبْقِبُ. (O, K: in the CK the latter is written المُقَبْقَب.) حِمَارُ قَبَّانَ [The wood-louse; thus called in the present day;] a certain insect, or small creeping thing; (S, O, K;) mentioned in art. حمر [q. v.]; (Msb;) also called عَيْرُ قَبَّانَ; (K;) a small, smoothish, blackish thing, the head of which is like that of the [beetle termed] خُنْفَسَآء, and long, and its legs are like those of the خنفسآء, than which it is smaller; and it is said that what is called عير قبّان is party-coloured, black and white, with white legs, having a nose like that of the hedge-hog; when it is moved, it feigns itself dead, so that it appears like a [small] globular piece of dung; but when the voice is withheld, it goes away: (M, TA:) MF says that the appellation عير قبّان is used only in poetry, in a case of necessity, for the sake of the metre; and is not mentioned in the lexicons of celebrity [except the K]. but it is mentioned in the M and the L: he says also that what is called حِمَارُ قَبَّانَ is said to be a species of the [beetles termed] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآء] found between Mekkeh and El-Medeeneh: (TA:) [accord. to Dmr, it is a kind of six-footed insect, round, smaller than the black beetle, with a shield-shaped back, bred in moist places: (Golius:)] it is related on the authority of Jáhidh that one species thereof is called أَبُو شَحْمٍ, which is the small [species] thereof; and that the people of El-Yemen apply the appellation حمار قبّان to a certain insect, or small creeping thing, above the size of a locust, of the same sort as the فَرَاش [generally meaning moth]: in the Mufradát of Ibn-El-Beytár, it is said that what is called حمار قبّان is also called حِمَارُ البَيْتِ: the reason for the appellation [حمار قبّان] seems to be because its back resembles a قُبَّة: (TA:) قَبَّان in this case is of the measure فَعْلَان, from قَبَّ, (S, O, K,) because the Arabs imperfectly decline it, and they use it determinately; if it were of the measure فَعَّال, they would decline it perfectly; the pl. is حُمُرُ قَبَّانَ. (S, O.) A2: قَبَّانٌ, syn. with قُسْطَاسٌ, see in art. قبن.

القُبِّيُّونَ, [in the CK القُبِيُّونَ,] occurring in a trad., in the saying خَيْرُ النَّاسِ القُبِّيُّونَ, means, (Th, O, K,) if the trad. be correct, (Th, O,) Those who continue uninterruptedly fasting [except in the night] until their bellies become lank: (Th, O, K:) or, accord. to one relation, it is ↓ المُقَبَّبُونَ, which means the same. (TA.) القَابُّ and قَابَّ: see قُبَاقِبٌ, in three places.

قَابَّةٌ A drop of rain: (Az, ISk, S, M, A, O, K:) so in the saying مَا رَأَيْنَا العَامَ قَابَّةً [We have not seen this year a drop of rain]: (Az, ISk, S, O:) and مَا أَصَابَتْنَا العَامَ قَابَّةٌ [Not a drop of rain has fallen upon us this year]. (ISk, S, M, * A, * O.) b2: And Thunder; (A, K;) or the sound of thunder: so in the saying مَا سَمِعْنَا العَامَ قَابَّةً [We have not heard this year the sound of thunder]; (ISk, S, M, A, * O;) accord. to As; but only he has related this. (ISk, S, O.) A2: See also 8.

قَبْقَبٌ The belly; (S, M, O, K;) as also ↓ قَبْقَابٌ: (Suh, TA:) from ↓ قَبْقَبَةٌ, [an inf. n. of R. Q. 1, q. v., and] a word imitative of the sounding [or rumbling] of the belly. (TA.) A2: And The wood of a horse's saddle: so in the saying, يُطَيِّرُ الفَارِسُ لَوْ لَا قَبْقَبُهُ [He would make the horseman to fly off, were it not for the wood of his saddle]. (M. [But in this sense it is app. a mistranscription for قَيْقَبٌ.]) b2: And A species of trees; as also ↓ قَبْقَبَانٌ. (M. [But in this sense both are app. mistranscriptions, for قَيْقَبٌ and قَيْقَبَانٌ.]) قِبْقِبٌ A certain marine shell (O, K) wherein is a flesh [i. e. mollusk] which is eaten. (O.) قَبْقَبَةٌ: see قَبْقَبٌ.

قَبْقَبَانٌ: see قَبْقَبٌ.

قَبْقَابٌ an inf. n. of R. Q. 1. [q. v.] b2: Also A camel that brays much. (S, O, K.) b3: And One who talks much; as also ↓ قُبَاقِبٌ: (M, * K, TA:) or one who talks much, whether wrongly or rightly: (M, * TA:) or one who talks much and confusedly. (M, K, * TA.) b4: And A liar. (O, K.) b5: See also قَبْقَبٌ. b6: Also The فَرْج [meaning external portion of the organs of generation] (M, O, K) of a woman: (O:) or [a vulva] such as is [described as being] وَاسِعٌ كَثِيرُ المَآءِ, (O, K,) [because]

إِذَا أَوْلَجَ الرَّجُلُ ذَكَرَهُ فِيهِ قَبْقَبَ أَىْ صَوَّتَ. (IAar, O.) And they also used it as an epithet; [but in what sense is not expl.;] saying ذَكَرٌ قَبْقَابٌ. (M.) b7: And The [clog, or] wooden sandal: (O, K:) [app. because of the clattering sound produced by it:] of the dial. of El-Yemen: (O, TA:) [but now in common use; applied to a kind of clog, or wooden patten, generally from four to nine inches in height, and usually ornamented with mother-ofpearl, or silver, &c.; used in the bath by men and women; and by some ladies in the house:] in this sense the word is said to be post-classical. (TA.) A2: Also, (K,) accord. to Az, (O,) The خَرَزَة [app. a polished stone, or a shell,] with which cloths are glazed: (O, K:) but this is called قَيْقَاب. (O.) قُباقِبٌ: see قَبْقَابٌ. b2: Also, as an epithet applied to a man, (K,) i. q. جَافٍ [Coarse, rough, or rude, of make, or of nature or disposition; &c.]. (O, K.) A2: And القُبَاقِبُ signifies العَامُ المُقْبِلُ [i. e. The year that is the next coming]: (K:) or [this is a mistake occasioned by an omission, and] its meaning is العَامُ الَّذِى بَعْدَ العَامِ المُقْبِلِ [the year that is after that which is the next coming]; you say, لَا آتِيكَ العَامَ وَلَا قَابِلَ وَلَا قُبَاقِبَ [I will not come to thee this year, nor next year, nor the year after the next]; and AO cites as an ex.

العَامُ وَالمُقْبِلُ وَالقُبَاقِبُ [This year, and the next year, and the year after the next]: (S:) or قُبَاقِبٌ [without the art. ال and perfectly decl.] signifies [thus, i. e.] العامُ الَّذِى

يَلِى قَابِلَ عَامِكَ, and is a proper name of the year; whence the saying of Khálid Ibn-Safwán to his son, when he reproved him, إِنَّكَ لَنْ تُفْلِحَ العَامَ

↓ وَلَا قَابِلًا وَلَا قُبَاقِبًا وَلَا مُقَبْقِبًا [Verily thou wilt not prosper this year, nor next year, nor the year after the next, nor the year after that]; every one of these words being the name of the year after the year; thus related by As, who says that they know not what is after that: (M:) IB says that the statement of J is what is commonly known; i. e., that قُبَاقِب means the third year [counting the present year as the first], and that ↓ المُقَبْقِبُ means the fourth year: but some make ↓ القَابُّ the third year; and القُبَاقِبُ, the fourth year; and ↓ المُقَبْقِبُ, the fifth year: (TA:) [thus Sgh says,] ↓ القَابُّ is the third year: and Khálid Ibn-Safwán [is related to have] said, وَلَا قُبَاقِبَ ↓ يَا بُنَىَّ إِنَّكَ لَا تُفْلِحُ العَامَ وَلَا قَابِلَ وَلَا قَابَّ

↓ وَلَا مُقَبْقِبَ [O my child (lit. my little son), verily thou wilt not prosper this year, nor next year, nor the year after the next, nor the year after that, nor the year after that]; (O, K; *) every one of these words being the name of the year after the year. (O.) أَقَبُّ Lank in the belly: (S, O:) or slender in the waist, lank in the belly: (M:) fem. قَبَّآءُ, (S, M, A, O, K,) applied to a woman, (S, A, O,) meaning slender in the waist; (K;) or lank in the belly; (TA;) or lank in the belly, slender in the waist: (A:) and pl. قُبٌّ, (S, A, O, K,) applied to horses, (S, A, O,) meaning lean, or light of flesh: (S, O:) and some say that أَقَبُّ applied to a horse signifies lank in his flanks. (M.) مُقَبَّبٌ, applied to a house, or chamber, Having a قُبّة [q. v.] made above it. (S, O, K.) [and in like manner applied to a woman's camel-vehicle of the kind termed هَوْدَج: see 2. b2: And it is also an epithet applied to a solid hoof; meaning Round like a cupola: see مُفِجٌّ, and see the first sentence in art. قعب.]

A2: سُرَّةٌ مُقَبَّبَةٌ, (M, K, TA,) in a copy of the K erroneously written مُقَبْقَبَة, (TA,) A lean navel; as also ↓ مَقْبُوبَةٌ. (M, K, TA.) b2: See also القُبِّيُّونَ.

سُرَّةٌ مَقْبُوبَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُقَبْقِبٌ: see القَبَّابُ: A2: and see also قُبَاقِبٌ, in four places.

شر

1 شَرَّ, (L, K,) sec. Pers\. شَرِرْتَ, (S, Msb, K, MF,) aor. ـَ (L, Msb, MF;) and sec. Pers\.

شَرُرْتَ, (S accord. to some copies, L, Msb, K, MF,) aor. ـُ (L, Msb, K, * MF;) and sec. Pers\.

شَرَرْتَ, (S accord. to some copies, M, K, MF,) aor. ـِ (M, K, MF;) of which three vars. the first is the best known; and the last is strange, and disallowed by most authorities; (MF;) inf. n. [of the first or third] شَرٌّ (S, K) and [of the first]

شَرَرٌ (S) and [of the second or third] شَرَارَةٌ, (S, K,) and شِرَّةٌ also is an inf. n. [syn. with شَرٌّ]; (S;) He (a man) was, or became, evil, a wrongdoer, unjust, bad, corrupt, wicked, mischievous, vitious, or depraved. (S, * L, Msb, K, * &c.) The manner in which the K mentions شَرَّ with the two aor. .

يَشُرُّ and يَشِرُّ [only, omitting the most common aor., i. e. يَشَرُّ,] obviously demands consideration. (MF.) One says, شَرِرْتَ يَا رَجُلُ [Thou hast been evil, or a wrongdoer, &c., O man], (S, K,) and so شَرُرْتَ and شَرَرْتَ. (S accord. to different copies, and K.) b2: شَرَّ, aor. ـَ also signifies He increased in evil, wrongdoing, &c. (L.) It is said in a prov., كُلَّمَا تَكْبَرُ تَشَرُّ [In proportion as thou growest old, thou increasest in evil, &c.]. (Az, L.) b3: مَا شَرَّهُ: see 4, last sentence.

A2: شَرَّهُ, (O, K,) aor. ـُ (O, TA,) inf. n. شُرٌّ, (O, K,) with damm, (K, [which is said in the TA to indicate that the aor. , not the inf. n., is with damm, but this is inconsistent with the common practice of the author of the K, and is evidently wrong,]) He blamed him; found fault with him; attributed or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, a vice, fault, defect, blemish, or something amiss. (O, K, * TA. [See also 4.]) One says, مَا قُلْتُ ذَاكَ لِشُرِّكَ وَإِنَّمَا قُلْتُةُ لِغَيْرِ شُرِّكَ I said not that to find fault with thee, but I only said it for a different purpose than that of finding fault with thee: (S, TA:) or this has a different meaning, which see below, voce شُرٌّ. (TA.) One says also, قَدْ قَبِلْتُ عَطِيَّتَكَ ثُمَّ رَدَدْتُهَا عَلَيْكَ مِنْ غَيْرِ شُرِّكَ وَلَا ضُرِّكَ, meaning [I have accepted thy gift; then I have given it back to thee] without rejecting it to thee or blaming thee [and without injuring thee]. (IAar, TA.) A3: Also شَرَّهُ, (S,) or شَرَّهُ فِى الشَّمْسِ, (A,) [aor. and inf. n. as in the next sentence;] and ↓ شرّرهُ, (A,) inf. n. تَشْرِيرٌ; (S;) and ↓ اشرّهُ; and ↓ شَرْشَرَهُ; (A;) He spread it (i. e. a garment, or piece of cloth, S, or some other thing, TA) in the sun: (S, A, TA:) this is the primary signification. (TA.) And [hence,] شَرَّهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. شَرٌّ; (S, K;) and ↓ اشرّهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِشْرَارٌ; (TA;) and ↓ شرّرهُ, (K,) inf. n. as above; (TA;) and شَرَّاهُ [or شَرَاهُ without tesh-deed?]; (K;) He put it (i. e. [the preparation of curd called] أَقْط, and flesh-meat, S, K, and the like, and salt, S, and a garment, or piece of cloth, and the like, K) upon a خَصَفَة, (S, K,) i. e. a mat, (TA,) or some other thing, (K,) to dry. (S, K.) And شرّهُ He sprinkled it; namely, salt. (R, MF.) 2 شرّرهُ inf. n. تَشْرِيرٌ, He rendered him notorious, or infamous, among men. (Yz, K.) A2: See also 1, latter part, in two places.3 شارّهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَّةٌ, (S,) He acted with him in an evil manner; (K;) he treated him with enmity, or hostility: (L, TA:) he contended, or disputed, with him: (S, L, TA:) he did evil to him, obliging him to do the like in return. (L, TA.) [See also 3 in art. شرى: and see an ex. voce جَارَّ.]4 اشرّهُ He attributed, or imputed, to him evil, wrongdoing, injustice, or the like: (S, K:) but some disallow this. (S. [See also 1.]) b2: أَشَرُّوهُ They banished him, or drove him away, and caused him to be alone. (TA.) A2: See also 1, latter part, in two places. b2: [Hence, app.,] اشرّهُ signifies also (tropical:) He manifested it, revealed it, published it, or made it known. (S, A, K.) Thus in a verse of Imra-el-Keys, where he says, لَوْ يُشِرُّونَ مَقْتَــلِى (assumed tropical:) [that they might publish, or make known, my slaughter]; as related by As; but it is better with س. (S.) A3: مَا أَشَرَّهُ, and ↓ مَا شَرَّهُ, [the latter of which is extr. with respect to form, but more commonly used than the former, meaning How evil, wrongdoing, unjust, bad, corrupt, wicked, mischievous, vitious, or depraved, is he!] phrases similar to مَا أَخْيَرَهُ and مَا خَيْرَهُ [which have the contr. meaning]. (TA in art. خير.) 8 اشترّ, said of a camel, [and of any clovenhoofed animal,] i. q. اجترّ, i. e. He ruminated, or chewed the cud: ج and ش being from one place of utterance. (IAth, TA.) 10 استشرّ He became possessor of a great herd, such as is termed إِشْرَارَة, of camels. (K.) R. Q. 1 شَرْشَرَهُ, (A 'Obeyd, K,) inf. n. شَرْشَرَةٌ, (S,) He split it, or clave it: (A 'Obeyd, S:) and cut it much, or in many pieces. (A 'Obeyd, S, K.) b2: He bit it, and then shook it; namely, a thing. (O, K, TA. [In the CK, نَقَضَهُ is erroneously put for نَفَضَهُ.]) b3: شَرْشَرَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ The serpent bit him. (L, K. *) b4: شرشرت المَاشِيَةُ النَّبَاتَ The cattle ate the herbage. (K.) b5: شرشر السِّكِّينَ He sharpened, (K,) or rubbed, (O,) the knife upon a stone, (O, K, TA,) so that its edge became rough. (O, TA.) b6: See also 1, latter part.

A2: شَرْشَرَ, inf. n. as above, It (a bird) expanded and flapped its wings, without alighting; like رَفْرَفَ. (TA in art. فرش.) R. Q. 2 تَشَرْشَرَ It became separated, or scattered. (A.) شَرٌّ (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ شُرٌّ, (Kr, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, (TA,) and ↓ شِرَّةٌ (Ham p. 629) Evil, [moral and physical;] (L, Msb;) wrongdoing, injustice, badness, corruptness, wickedness, mischievousness, vitiousness, or depravity: (Msb:) [and evil fortune, misfortune, woe, or unhappiness:] contr. of خَيْرٌ: (S, A, K:) pl. شُرُورٌ. (Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., in a form of prayer, (TA,) used by the Prophet, (Msb,) وَالخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ بِيَدَيْكَ وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ, (Msb, * TA,) meaning [And all good is in thy hands, and evil i. e.] wrongdoing, or injustice, or corruptness, is not imputable to Thee: (Msb, TA:) or evil is not a means of advancement in thy favour, or of obtaining thine approval: or evil speech does not ascend to Thee. (Nh, L.) b2: شَرٌّ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Poverty. (K.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Fever. (K.) b4: It is also an epithet, applied to a man, (Yoo, S,) and so is ↓ شَرِيرٌ, (Akh, S, A, Msb, K,) meaning Evil, wrongdoing, unjust, bad, corrupt, wicked, mischievous, vitious, or depraved: (Yoo, * Akh, * S, * A, * Msb, K: *) [fem. of the former شَرَّةٌ, like as خَيْرَةٌ is fem. of its contr. خَيْرٌ; and شُرَّى, fem. of أَشَرُّ, is used in the same sense, as will be shown in what follows:] the pl. of شَرٌّ, (Yoo, S,) or of ↓ شَرِيرٌ, (Akh, S, Msb, K,) is أَشْرَارٌ, (Yoo, Akh, S, Msb, K,) and of the former شِرَارٌ; (Ham p. 514;) and you say قَوْمٌ أَشِرَّآءُ [pl. of شَرٌّ or of ↓ شَرِيرٌ]. (S.) A woman of the Arabs, (S, L,) who, accord. to some, was of the Benoo-'Ámir, (L,) is related to have said, ↓ أُعِيذُكِ بِاللّٰهِ مِنْ نَفْسٍ حَرَّى وَعَيْنٍ شُرَّى, meaning [I charm thee by invoking God, against a thirsty soul, and] an evil, or a malignant, eye: (S, L:) or an eye that looks at one with vehement hatred. (TA.) And الشَّرُّ [The evil one] is an appellation of Iblees. (K.) b5: [It is also used to denote the comparative and superlative degrees; like the contr. خَيْرٌ.] You say, هُوَ شَرٌّ مِنْكَ [He is worse, or more evil or wrongdoing &c., than thou]. (K.) And هٰذَا شَرٌّ مِنْ ذَاكَ [This is worse, &c., than that]. (Msb.) And فُلَانٌ شَرُّ النَّاسِ [Such a one is the worst, &c., of mankind]; (S;) and ↓ أَشَرُّ; (S, Msb, K;) this latter being the original, (Mgh, Msb,) but rare, (K,) or bad, (S, K,) peculiar to the dial. of the Benoo-'Ámir, (Msb,) or unused. (Mgh.) The fem. [of شَرٌّ] is شَرَّةٌ, [like as the fem. of its contr., خَيْرٌ, is خَيْرَةٌ,] (K,) and (of أَشَرُّ, S, * or of شَرٌّ, which is used for أَشَرُّ, Kr) ↓ شُرَّى. (S, Kr, K.) And [using the dim. form of شَرٌّ,] you say, مِنْكَ ↓ هُوَ شُرَيْرٌ [He is a little worse, &c., than thou]. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA in art. خير. [See خَيْرٌ.]) A2: مَا شَرَّ for مَا أَشَرَّ: see 4.

شُرٌّ A vice, fault, defect, blemish, or something amiss: (TA:) a thing disapproved, disliked, or hated. (K, TA.) You say, مَا رَدَدْتُ هٰذَا عَلَيْكَ مِنْ شُرٍّ بِهِ I did not give this back to thee on account of any fault &c., in it, but I preferred to give it to thee. (TA.) And مَا قُلْتُ ذَاكَ لِشُرِّكَ I said not that on account of a thing that thou disapprovest, &c.: (K, TA:) or this has a different meaning, expl. above in the first paragraph. (TA.) b2: See also شَرٌّ, first sentence.

شِرَّةٌ: see شَرٌّ, first sentence. b2: Also The inordinate desire, or eagerness, (S,) and sprightliness, of youth: (S, K:) and in an absolute sense, inordinate desire, or eagerness; and [simply] desire; and sprightliness: (TA:) [and] sharpness, and angriness. (Har p. 35.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّ لِهٰذَا القُرْآنِ شِرَّةً ثُمَّ إِنَّ لِلنَّاسِ عَنْهُ فَتْرَةً [Verily there is an eagerness for this Kur-án: then men have a weariness of it]. (L.) شَرَرٌ; n. un. with ة: see what next follows.

شَرَارٌ, (S, A, O, Msb, TA,) accord. to the K شِرَارٌ, but this is a mistake, (MF,) and ↓ شَرَرٌ, (S, A, O, Msb, K,) which is a contraction of شَرَارٌ, (Msb,) Sparks of fire: (S, O, Msb, K:) n. un. of each with ة. (S, A, O, Msb, * K.) See an ex. voce شَرَّارٌ.

شَرِيرٌ: see شَرٌّ, in three places.

A2: Also The side of the sea, or of a great river; (AHn, K;) the shore thereof: (Kr, TA:) or the part that is near to a sea or great river: pl. أَشِرَّةٌ: (AA, TA:) which signifies also seas or great rivers [themselves]. (TA.) b2: And (as some say, TA) A kind of tree that grows in the sea, or in a great river. (K, TA.) شُرَيْرٌ dim. of شَرٌّ: see the latter, last sentence but one.

شَرِيرَةٌ A [large needle such as is termed] مِسَلَّة (K, TA) of iron. (TA.) شِرَّارٌ [Emitting many sparks]. One says, أَبُوكَ

↓ نَارٌ شَرَّارَةٌ وَأَتْتَ مِنْهَا شَرَارَةٌ [Thy father is a fire that emits many sparks, and thou art a spark from it]. (A.) شَرَّانٌ Certain insects (K) resembling بَعُوض [or gnats], (S, K,) which cover the face of a man, but do not bite; sometimes called الأَذَى: (S:) of the dial. of the people of Es-Sawád: (T, TA:) [it is with tenween; for] the n. un. is with ة. (K.) شِرِّيرٌ (S, A, K) Abounding in شَرّ [or evil or wrongdoing &c.; very evil &c.]; applied to a man: (S, A:) pl. شِرِّيرُونَ (K) and أَشْرَارٌ, which latter is anomalous. (Ham. p. 699.) شَرْشَرٌ, (IAar, S, K,) or (so in the S, but in the K “ and ”) ↓ شِرْشِرٌ, (Ibn-Ziyád, S, K,) A certain plant, (S, K,) which extends along the ground like ropes, (Ibn-Ziyád, AHn, K,) in the same manner as the قُطْب, but having no thorns that hurt any one: (Ibn-Ziyád, AHn:) Az says that it is a well-known plant, seen by him in the desert; that it fattens the camels, and makes their milk plentiful; and that it is mentioned by IAar and others among the plants of the desert: ↓ شِرْشِرَةٌ is expl. in the K as though it were the name of another plant; but it is not so; for شِرْشِرٌ is the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] thereof: it is a herb smaller than the عَرْفَج, having a yellow flower, and twigs, or shoots, and large dust-coloured leaves: it grows in plain, or soft, ground; and spreads wide, as though it were ropes, by reason of length, of the measure of a man in a standing posture; and has berries (حَبّ), like those of the هَرَاس. (TA.) A2: شِوَآءٌ شَرْشَرٌ Roasted flesh-meat, of which the grease, or gravy, drips; (S, K;) like شَلْشَلٌ and رَشْرَاشٌ. (TA.) شِرْشِرٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرْشَرَةٌ, ('Ináyeh, and so in some copies of the K,) or ↓ شُرْشُرَةٌ, (so in other copies of the K, accord. to the TA,) sing. of شَرَاشِرُ, (K,) which signifies The fringe-like extremities of a tail; (S, * K, * A, TA;) and of wings. (TA.) b2: Hence, metaphorically, [or synecdochically,] the pl. is used as signifying (tropical:) The whole: and hence the saying, أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ شَرَاشِرَهُ (tropical:) He betook himself altogether to it; as though, says As, by reason of his eagerness, he threw himself altogether upon it: accord. to EshShiháb, it means he betook himself [to it], openly or secretly: or شَرَاشِرُ signifies (assumed tropical:) the whole body; (K;) and القى عليه شراشره and أَجْرَانَهُ and أَجْرَامَهُ, provs. mentioned by Meyd, all signify the same [app. (assumed tropical:) he threw upon it the weight of his body: see Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 409 and 410: and see art. جرم]: or the first of these means (assumed tropical:) he loved it so that he courted death, or destruction, (اِسْتَهْلَكَ,) in his love of it: (TA:) or he loved it with a love that he would not give up, because of his necessity: (Lth, TA:) or (tropical:) he desired it inordinately, or eagerly, and loved it. (A.) [See also أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ أَرْوَاقَهُ, voce رَوْقٌ. Accord. to different authorities,] شَرَاشِرُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Burdens, or weights; (S, K;) sing. شَرْشَرَةٌ: (S:) and it is so expl. as used in the saying mentioned above: or it there signifies (assumed tropical:) weight, and whole person: or the reduplication implies intensiveness; as though this word originally signified weight of evil: but F, in his comments on the Preface of the Ksh, objects to this, as the word does not imply the contr. of خَيْرٌ, but dispersion. (TA.) Also (tropical:) Self: (K, TA:) and the saying mentioned above is expl. as meaning (tropical:) He threw himself upon it, through inordinate, or eager, desire, and love. (S, TA.) And (assumed tropical:) Love: (K:) or (assumed tropical:) love of self. (Kr, TA.) شُرْشُرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شِرْشِرَةٌ A piece of anything. (K.) A2: See also شَرْشَرٌ.

شُرْشُورٌ A certain bird, (K, TA,) of small size; said by As to be thus called by the people of El-Hijáz; and by the Arabs of the desert, بَرْقَش [a mistranscription for بِرْقِش]: it is said to be dustcoloured; in elegance, like the حُمَّرَة; and to be a little larger than the عُصْفُور [or sparrow]. (L, TA.) [Freytag, on the authority of Dmr, says that it is the same as is called ابو براقش: (but see بِرْقِشٌ:) and describes it as being of an ashy colour, with some mixture of redness; and of the passerine kind.]

أَشَرُّ; and its fem., شُرَّى: see شَرٌّ, latter half, in three places. b2: شُرَّى is also applied to a woman as meaning A great imputer of vices, faults, or the like, to others. (AA, L.) إِشْرَارَةٌ A خَصَفَة, (S, K,) i. e. mat, (TA,) upon which [the preparation of curd called] أَقِط (S, K) and other things (S) are spread (S, K *) to dry; (TA;) [as also ↓ مَشَرُّ or ↓ مِشَرٌّ, as written in different copies of the S voce عَبَثَت:] or a piece of cloth, of those whereof a tent is composed, used for that purpose: (TA:) or a tablet of stone or wood, upon which flesh-meat is dried: (Lth, IAar:) pl. أَشَارِيرُ: or this pl. signifies pieces of flesh-meat cut into strips and dried: (S:) or the sing. signifies also flesh-meat cut into strips and dried. (K, TA.) A2: Also A great herd of camels: (K:) because scattered. (TA.) مَشَرٌّ or مِشَرٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.

المُشَرْشِرُ The lion: (Sgh, K:) from الشَّرْشَرَةُ “ the biting ” a thing “ and then shaking ” it. (Sgh, TA.)