كسر

كَسَرَ(n. ac. كَسْر)
a. Broke; broke off.
b. [acc. & 'Ala], Divided into ( chapters: book ).
c. Routed, defeated.
d. Subdued; humbled, abased.
e. [acc.
or
Min], Abated; quenched, allayed (thirst).
f. Sold by retail (goods).
g. Marked, pronounced with Kasra ( consonant).
h. [acc. & 'An], Turned, diverted from.
i. Folded, doubled (cushion); contorted (
tail ).
j. Wrinkled, contracted (eyelids); blinked
made to blink (eye).
k.(n. ac. كُسُوْر), Folded ( its wings ); glided down (
bird ).
l. [ coll. ], Annulled (
will ).
m. [pass.], Fell, dropped (wind).
n. see VII (e)
كَسَّرَa. Broke into pieces, smashed; crushed; wrecked.
b. Divided into fractions (number).
c. Used a broken form of ( a word ).
d. Crimped (hair).
e. Made languid.
f. ['Ala] [ coll. ], Civilized
refined.
g. [Fī] [ coll. ], Pronounced badly.

كَاْسَرَa. see I (j)
تَكَسَّرَa. Was broken, smashed; was divided, split up.
b. Was rippled (water); was crimped (
hair ); was wrinkled, creased, puckered; was
folded; was contracted.
c. Was languid; affected languor.
d. [ coll. ], Was civilized
refined.
إِنْكَسَرَa. Broke; became broken.
b. Was routed, defeated; was subdued, humbled.
c. [An], Was unable to do.
d. Remitted, flagged; became languishing (
look ).
e. Became abated, allayed; lessened; diminished
fell.
f. Became soft (dough).
g. Was creased, folded &c.
h. Failed, became bankrupt.

إِكْتَسَرَa. see I (a)
كَسْرa. Rupture; fracture; breakage.
b. (pl.
كُسُوْر & كُسُوْرَات )
Fraction.
c. Crease, wrinkle, ply, plait, fold.
c. see 1t (a) & 2
(a), (b).
كَسْرَةa. Kasra ( كَسِرَ) ( vowel point ).
b. (pl.
كَسَرَات), Fracture.
c. Defeat, overthrow, rout.

كَسْرَىa. see 2ya
كِسْر
(pl.
كُسُوْر أَكْسَاْر)
a. Limb; part of a limb; bone.
b. Side; side-wall; flap ( of a tent ).
c. Large (vessel).
كِسْرَة
(pl.
كِسَر كِسَْرَات )
a. Piece, portion, fragment, morsel.

كِسْرَى
(pl.
كُسُوْر
أَكَاْسِرُ
أَكَاْسِرَة
37t
&
a. كَسَاسِرَة ), Chosroes, title of
the Persian kings.
مَكْسِر
(pl.
مَكَاْسِرُ)
a. Broken place; breakage; fracture; breach.
b. Side, opening ( in a canal ).
c. Stock, race, origin.
d. Lumber.

كَاْسِر
(pl.
كُسَّر)
a. Breaking; breaker, smasher.
b. Folding, doubling.
c. [art.], The eagle.
كَاْسِرَة
(pl.
كُسَّر
كَوَاْسِرُ
41)
a. fem. of
كَاْسِر
كُسَاْرa. Fragments.

كُسَاْرَةa. see 24b. [ coll. ], Freshly ploughed
earth.
كَسِيْر
(pl.
كَسْرَى
1ya
كَسَاْرَى)
a. Broken.
b. Brokenlegged.

كَسِيْرَةa. fem. of
كَسِيْر
كُسُوْرa. Windings; ravines ( of a valley ).

كَسَّاْرa. Breaker, smasher.

إِكْسِيْرa. Philosopher's stone; elixir.

كَوَاْسِرُ
a. [art.], Plungers ( camels that break their
harness ).
N. P.
كَسڤرَa. Broken.
b. Defeated, routed.
c. Bankrupt.
d. Marked with a Kasra ( كَسِرَ) (consonant).
N. P.
كَسَّرَa. Broken, smashed.
b. Rough, uneven, rugged; intersected by torrents (
valley ).
c. [ coll. ], Broken in; civilized.

N. Ac.
إِنْكَسَرَa. Defeat, overthrow, rout.
b. Bankruptcy, failure, insolvency.

جَمْع التَّكْسِيْر
جَمْع مُكَسَّر
a. Broken plural ( irregular plur. ).

مُكَاسِرِيّ
a. Adjoining; next door; next-door ( neighbour).
رَأَيْتَةُ مُنْكَسِرًا
a. I saw him in a languid state.

كَاْسَرَ

كَاسَرَهُ فِى البَيْع
a. [ coll. ], He beat him down in
price.
كَسْطَال كَسْطَل
a. Dust.

كسر: كسر: حطم، هشّم. وكسر فلان الوصية نقضها وخالفها (محيط المحيط ص780).
كسر قلب فلان: (معجم البلاذري، معجم الطرائف، بدورن 10: 151). كسر خاطره: أحزنه وأشجاه وآلمه كسر الخاطر أو القلب كدَّره وأغمَّه وفتته.
كسر: خفّض، انقض، أنزل، قهر كبرياءه؛ كسر نفسه ردعه من زهوه وتبجحه (بوشر، كوسج، كرست 17، 12 كسر نفسه لها).
كسر: قاطع، أوقف، أخَّر (مملوك 2، 2، 51 معجم البلاذري) كسر الشيء على فلان: حبس ماله واحتجزه.
كسر: نقد، لاَمَ، استهجن. ورد عند (محمد بن الحارث ص279): فعاب عليه فعله وكسر رأيه فانصرف القاضي عن رأيه.
كسر على: (البيان 2، 78 وأماري 186، 8): أراد الخروج مع أسد فشاور في ذلك سحنون فكسر عليه وقال له لا تفعل.
كسر عن: ... غيَّر من فلان رأيه ونحو ذلك كسره عن مراده= صرفه ويقال في المحاكم كسر الحاكمُ التاجرَ حكم بإفلاسه (محيط المحيط ص780).
كسر: يبدو إنها تعني استدار مقبلاً من زاوية (رياض النفوس 92: بينما هو يوماً يوذن مرَّ بقريه أحد الأشخاص وكان يروم هتك عرض أحد الصبيان فاستنجد به الصبيّ فصرخ بالرجل دعه يا فاسق إلا أن هذا شمته وهدده بخنجره؛ فدعا المؤذن ربه أن يقتله في الحال؛ فما هو إلا ان كسر ركن المسجد وإذا بالصبي قد أقبل ليقول له المعتدي قد قُتِل.
كسر: بذّر المال (هذا ما يبدو من العبارة التي وردت في السطر الثاني من الفصل التاسع ص355 من ألف ليلة وليلة). كسر أنفه: ضربه على أنفه وأذلّه (مجازاً).
كسر على جفنه: طرف بعينه (الأغلب 62): ولم يكن أحول وإنما كان يكسر على جفنه إذا نظر.
كسر حاجيبه: أشار بطرف عينه إشارة الاستحسان (فوك).
كسر حدَّة: أضعف مفعول الشيء. خفف ملوحته (بوشر).
كسر خليج القاهرة: قطع سد القنال الذي يحيط بالقاهرة وقت الفيضان الموسمي للنيل (كوسج. كرست 121، 4).
كسر شهوته: أرضى شهيته، وأشبعها. (رياض النفوس99): أراد من خادمه أن يشتري له توابل للغسانية بدينارين فقال له يشتري له توابل للغسانية بدينارين فقال له الخادم هذا مبلغ كبير يكفر 300 شخص، وأنت إنما تكسر شهوتك على رُبع مُدّ ورُبع قفيز عسل الخ. إن تعبير كسر الصفرة يعني كسر أول الشهية للطعام أو كسر حدّة الجوع (باسم 78): حين قدم الحلواني المرطبات لباسم قال له: اشتهى أنك تنظر وتكسر الصفرة عندنا بين ما نعمل الغدا عند السرائجي.
كسر كعب حذائه: يبدو إنها تعني أبلي كعب حذائه (بالسير) أو ثنى من الداخل الجوانب العليا من الحذاء. (أنظرها في مادة كعب).
يقال خف بكَسْر: خف مكسور وخف مكسّر (معجم جغرافيا).
كسر على: ألغى، أزال، أبطل. (اللطائف. الثعالبي 115، 2) وقد كسر محمد - على ذكر منافعه أسيئت ترجمتها في المعجم).
كسر على: مكث أمام (مدينة) (حيان 86): إلى أن احتل مدينة اشبيلية- فكسر عليها يومين وبان له امتناع أهلها.
كسّر رأسه: شجَّ رأسه، ثابر بشدة على الدراسة (بوشر).
كسَّر: قتل (مارجريت 25): (الأسد كسر ثوري= قتله).
كسّر: جعّد، قبّض، قلّص، شنّج (فوك) وباللاتينية cincinni يقصد cincinnatus أجعد مفتول مُكسّر.
مكسر: حين تستعمل الكلمة بصيغة المبني للمجهول فهي تعني أثداء المرأة التدالية الرخوة (بوسييه، تاريخ العرب، الجزء الثامن) (مادة مكسور).
كسّر: ردَّ أرجعَ، وفي (محيط المحيط ص780) وكسّرت المرآة النور.
كسّر: قاس، مسح (أرضاً) ذرع (كوليوس، فوك، ألكالا، بكري 25، 42، الادريسي، كليم، 1، القسم السابع تكسيرها ألف ميل ومائتا ميل كليم 3 القسم الخامس وتكسير هذه الغيضة 12 ميلاً في مثلها رحلة ابن جبير 88، 2، ياقوت 19:1، 17، 29، 20، 30، 31، 522، 21، كرتاس 37، 2، 38، 1، 129، 4، وما تلاه معجم البيان 14، 8) يجب أن لا نحدث تغييراً فيه) وانظره أيضاً في مادة مرجع؛ والمعجم اللاتيني يضع أمام الكلمة مرادفها اللاتيني Artimetica علم التكسير والحساب، والمساحة والمهندس والمساح مكسّر (ويطلق ألكالا عليه مُكَسّر Medidor de la tierre) .
كسّر: حدد مساحة الشكل الهندسي (معجم المارودي).
كسّر على أنظر في معجم (فوك) في مادة ( astucia) .
كاسَر: المضاربة (في خفض الأسعار) في السوق (وفي محيط المحيط ص780): وكاسره في البيع مكاسرة طلبي منه نقص الثمن. (مولّدة).
كاسر: (في الفصل الحادي عشر، 46، 4 دي ساسي دبلوماسية) أقسَمَ سفير جنوة قائلاً ... ولا على إنه بقيَ لهم شيء عند أحد من الجنوية وأخفيته وكاسرت عنه وقد ترجمها الناشر (لم أخفَ شيئاً ولم أطرح شيئاً).
متكسّر: أنظر فيما تقدم جعّد وكّرش وقلّص (الادريسي 60، 6).
متكسّر: منعكس (محيط المحيط).
منكسّر: غريق (رين دبلوماسية: 117، 2 وأي جفن تكسّر أو رمت به الريح أو البحر .. الخ).
متكسّر: متخدّر، فاتر الهمة، مسترخ؛ وفي (محيط المحيط ص780) (التكسّر عند الأطباء حالة يجد الإنسان فيها اختلافاً في البرد ونخساً في الجلد والعضل) أي إن (محيط المحيط) يميّز المخبول عن المتكسّر من كثرة النوم.
انكسار: صاحب القلب الكسير، الأسيف (معجم البلاذري) (معجم الطرائف) (أخبار 86، 1) (وصف مصر 14/ 198): الذي أتى بانكسارٍ لباب الكريم وعند بوشر انكسر خاطره.
انكسر: وقع، سقط، انهار، انطرح، ارتمى وذلك عند الحديث عن جَمَلٍ حمّلوه أكثر مما يجب (بركهارت أمثال رقم 17).
انكسر: انقطع، توقف، كفَّ عن، توقف عن؛ ففي (محمد بن حيان ص296): فوبخه الناس وقالوا قد أنصفك إذ وكل مَنْ يناظرك فانكسر وفي (ص320): ففعلت ما دلّني عليه ابن لبابه له ما قال لي فانكسر عند ذلك ورجع عما كرهت.
وفي (ص341): وقد أتته امرأة تخاصم زوجها فاستطالت عليه بلسانها وآذته بصلفها فنظر إليها وقال لها اقصري وإلا عاقبتك فانكسرت المرأة شيئاً ثم عاودت الصلف.
انكسر: توقف، انقطع، تأخَّر. انكسر عليه مال وتعني استحق عليه دفع مبلغ من المال (مملوك 2، 52) وكذلك مثل انكسر له مال أي استحق له مبلغ من المال. ففي (رياض النفوس 94): متولي أخبار سوسة أو مستأجر هذه الأحبار: قيل إنه انكسر عليه من جملة الكرا مال فأدى ذلك من ماله ولم يضطر السكّان إلى الغرم رقة منه عليهم.
انكسر: انتهى: توقف (معجم الثعالبي- لطائف، معجم البلاذري).
انكسر: حين ينكسر شيء، قضاء وقدراً، يقال انكسر الشر يريدون بذلك إن الشيء التافه الذي انكسر قد منع حدثاً أكبر وأخطر منه بكثير (بوشر).
انكسر: غرق (أماري 346، 5، 347، 2؛ دي ساسي دبلوماسية 9، 468 أماري أيضاً 3، 1).
انكسر: تستعمل عند وصف أثداء المرأة الرخوة المتهدلة. (بكري 158، 3).
انكسر: انهار، أفلس (بوشر، همبرت 105، محيط المحيط وفيه انكسر التاجر أفلس. والعسكر غلب وانهزم وتبدد فهو مكسور فيهما ولا يُقال منكسر؛ وفي (ألف ليلة 1، 121 برسل 9، 210، 250): انكسر عن ثمانمائة ألف غرش أي فلس عن ثمانمائة ألف قرش.
انكسر أنفه: تعني أن أنفه قد كُسر فإن استعملت مجازاً عنت فشل ولم تنجح (بوشر).
انكسرت السهام على الرؤوس: لم تنقسم انقساماً صحيحاً (محيط المحيط ص780 وهو مأخوذ من لكسر في الحساب) (محيط المحيط).
انكسار العين= كسر العين: رف، طرف (بعينه)، خلسة، غمز، أشار بطرف عينه (أنظر معجم مسلم).
كسر وجمعها كسور: كسر، فك كاسر، صادم، جزء مكسور، فصل، شق مَكْسر، مكان الكسر، شِقاق (بوشر). (محيط المحيط). كسر وجمعها كسور: شظية، الجزء من الخشب المكسور.
كسور وكسورات: (شولتز في فريتاج 35 ومعجم أبو الفداء) اصطلاح حسابي، كسر، (بوشر، بيروني 7، 1، 18 و10، 1، 7، ومقدمة ابن خلدون 3، 35، 16) ويقال يوماً وكسراً أي أكثر من يوم ويقال قيراطا إلا كسراً .. الخ معجم الادريسي.
كسر: أول حراثة في الأرض (ابن العوام 2، 9، 1، 18).
كسر: إبطال التأثير، تحييد، محايدة. (بوشر).
كَسر: الكسر عن قراءة القرآن هو الإمالة المحضة (محيط المحيط ص780).
كَسر وكِسر: في مادة كسر البيت يُفهم إنه الجزء الأكثر خفاءً أو عزلة من البيت (مقدمة ابن خلدون جزء 3، 226، 4، المقري 2، 404): لزوم كسر بيته: آثر العزلة (ترجمة ابن خلدون بقلمه 197، 241 المقري 1، 897، 20؛ وكذلك قعد في كسر بيته (المقري 1، 699، 17). رفع له كسر البيت: هيأ له ملجأ وحمى (البربرية 2، 342، 5).
كَسرة: وجمعها كسرات وكسور: فضلة، فتات الخبز؛ وفي هذا المعنى كان الجمع لدى (المقري) كسوراً (2، 929، 7).
كسرة: إفلاس، كسرة تاجر (بوشر، همبرت 105).
رجل ذو كسرات وهدرات: أي يغبن في كل شيء (محيط المحيط ص780).
كسرى والجمع كسور: نقود ملوك المجوس مثل قولنا لويس (من الذهب) ونابليون (من الذهب) (معجم المارودي).
كَسري: عدد كسري، ذو كسور (بوشر).
الكسر جوز والكسر لوز نوعان من أنواع العصافير (ياقوت 1، 885 الجزء الخامس).
كَسُور: الذي يكسر (ديوان الهذليين 245، 9).
كَسُور: وردت نعتاً لبغلة (في ألف ليلة رقم 1، 65).
كُسور: تكملة، تتمة، رصيد باق، مكمل لمبلغ من نقود صغير (بوشر).
كسير: مغلوب، مخذول (مملوك 1، 2، 273).
كُسارة: شق، فطر (ألف ليلة 1، 70، 12).
كسّار: كاسر؛ كسار الصوت، محارب الايقونات، عدو التقاليد (بوشر). كسّار وحدها أو كسار الحطب هو الحطّاب (بوشر).
كسّار الطواجن: سوسن (شيرب).
كسّار العظام: عقاب منسوري (ألكالا).
كاسر وجمعها كواسر: وهي الكواسر من الطير والمفترسة منها (بوشر) و (ألف ليلة 3، 449). طير كاسر: طير مفترس (بوشر).
كاسر: مصلح، مخفف، ملطف (بوشر).
كاسر الحجر: فصيلة من ذوات الفلقتين كثيرة التويجات (ابن البيطار 2، 339 وهو لدى بوشر كاسر وحدها).
إكسير: أصلها من الكلمة اليونانية اكسيروس وهو أصلاً عقار يابس يسحق ويمزج عليه اسم حجر الفلاسفة؛ وبالرغم من أن أصل الكلمة واشتقاقها يستعمل في تحضيرات بعض السوائل أي أن من الإكسير ما هو سائل أيضاً. (ينظر معجم فليشر ص70) و (زيشر 30، 536). فضة إكسير؟ (1، 370، 9 المقري).
إكسيرين: دواء مركَّب لعلاج الرمد (معجم المنصوري) ولم يكن (فوك) دقيقاً في كتابة الكلمة: إكسيريُن. أما (باين سميث فقد كتبها مرتين بفتح الراء ومرة واحدة بضم الياء).
تكسّر: عند الأطباء حالة يجد الإنسان فيها اختلافاً في البرد ونخساً في الجلد والعضل اختلافاً في البرد ونخساً في الجلد والعضل (محيط المحيط ص780).
تكسير: فصل، كسر، شق، وقشرة الأرض تقصّفها والجدار تشققه. (دوماس 425).
تكاسير الجلد: غضونة (معجم المنصوري في مادة غضون).
تكسير: مرونة الأعضاء (المقري 2، 163).
تكسير: وجع وتكسر في الجسد يطلق عليه الأطباء اسم الدعث والترصيم يصيب الإنسان والفرس يحدث فيه تيبساً وتقبضاً وهو ينشأ من تعب عظيم (بوشر).
تكسير: تبديل العملة بنقود أصغر منها (بوشر).
تكسير: التكسير عند المهندسين يستعمل بمعنى المساحة وعند أهل الجفر هو نوع من البسط، ويطلق على التحريف أيضاً، وعلم التكسير هو علم الجفر (محيط المحيط ص780).
تكسير: اصطلاح في علم أسرار الحروف (أنظر مقدمة ابن خلدون الجزء الثالث ص138 و147).
مَكْسر: صُلْب المكسِر: نوع راق (من الحنطة) (معجم الجغرافيا).
طيب المكسر: أي محمود عند الخبيرة (محيط المحيط) (وفي ديوان أبي تمام ورد في الهامش -مخطوطة 899 - ليّن الجانب للمعنى نفسه).
مكسر: اصطلاح عند النجارين. ولعلهم يقصدون به العرضة الخشبية التي تدعم السقف. وتعني أيضاً: جائزاً، رافدة، كمرة أو جسراً من الحديد؛ إن هذه الكلمة كُتبت (عند باين سميث 736) على هذه الشاكلة، أي مكسر. ثلاث مرات إلا أن المعنى نفسه اختلفت فيه التسمية في المواضع أخرى ففي ص1652 نجد المكنس والمكنجس وورد مرتين باسم المسكن وورد عند (بار علي ص4547) المكبس.
مكسَّر: كل ما هو أقل من العيار، إذا توخينا الدقة الحرفية في معنى هذه الكلمة أو ما هو أقل من الوزن النسبي للنقود ولكن في ال Transoxiane ( الدراهم) المكسّرة هي نوع من النقود (معجم الجغرافيا).
مكسّرات: اللوز والجوز المكسّر. (تبعاً لترجمة لألف ليلة وليلة الجزء الثالث، 215، برسل 1، 149، 4 المقري 1، 687، 13).
مكسور: حيث يراد حفظ الزيتون يقطف وهو أخضر ويضرب بالحجر الأملس أو بقطة خشبية إلى أن يتم هرسه فيسمى آنذاك الزيتون المكسور (ابن العوام) (1، 686، 3 - 6).
مكسور: عند الحديث عن الذهب أنظر معنى الكلمة سك في معناها الأول؛ (براكس، جريدة الشرق والجزائر) (ص342/ 6) يتطرق إلى وصف مزيل للشعر يدخل في صناعته كبريتور الذهب المكسور (إلى قطع).
مكسور: معزول وذلك عند الحديث عن قناة منقطعة لا تتصل بقناة أخرى أو بمجرى مائي آخر (معجم البلاذري).
مكسور: البضاعة أو الشيء الزهيد الثمن (ألف ليلة 9/ 199).
مكسور: مفلس، مشهر إفلاسه (بوشر، همبرت 106).
مكسور: غريق (وفي الأغلب سفينة غارقة) (دي ساسي دبلوماسية 11/ 43/9). نظر مكسور: نظرات متيّمة (بوشر).
انكسار: تواضع، خشوع، خضوع. (بوشر).
منكسر النفس: متواضع (بوشر).

كسر

1 كَسَرَهُ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ اكتسرهُ: (K;) [He broke it: or the latter signifies he broke it off: or it is similar to إِقْتَطَعَهُ and the like and signifies he broke it off for himself: for] you say مِنْهُ طَرَفًا ↓ اكتسرتُ [I broke off, or broke off for myself, from it, an extremity]. (A.) You say ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and إِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا, putting each of the inf. ns. in the place of the other, because of their agreement in meaning, not in respect of being trans. and intrans. (Sb, TA.) b2: كُسِرَ He had his leg broken; his leg broke. (Mgh.) b3: فُلَانٌ يَكْسِرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, (A, K,) or الأَرْعَاظَ, (K,) or ↓ يُكَسِّرُ, (as in the CK, * and in a MS copy of the K, but we find the former reading in art. رعظ in the K,) [lit., Such a one breaks against thee the notch of the arrow, or the sockets of the arrow-heads: meaning,] (tropical:) such a one is angry with thee: (A, K:) or is vehemently angry with thee. (K, art. رعظ, in which see further explanations.) b4: [كُسِرَ بَيْنَهُمْ رُمْحٌ lit., A spear was broken among them: meaning, (assumed tropical:) a quarrel occurred among them. (Reiske, cited by Freytag, but whether from a classical author is not said; and explained by him as signifying Simultas inter eos intercessit.)] b5: كَسَرَ الكِتَابَ عَلَى عِدَّةِ أَبْوَابٍ وَفُصُولٍ (tropical:) [He divided the book, or writing, into a number of chapters and sections]. (A.) b6: كَسَرَ الشَّعْرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) [He broke the measure of the poetry;] he did not make the measure of the poetry correct. (TA.) b7: كَسَرْتُ القَوْمَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I [broke, crushed, routed, or] defeated, the people or party. (Msb.) b8: كَسَرْتُ خَصْمِى (tropical:) [I defeated my adversary]. (A.) b9: [كَسَرَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) He broke, or subdued, his spirit. b10: (assumed tropical:) He abased, or humbled, himself.] b11: كَسَرْتُ مِنْ سَوْرَتِهِ (tropical:) [I broke, or subdued, or abated, somewhat of his impetuosity, or violence, or tyranny, or anger]. (A.) b12: كَسَرَ حُمَيَّا الخَمْر بِالْمِزَاجِ (tropical:) [He broke, or subdued, or abated, the intoxicating influence of the wine by the mixture of water]. (A.) b13: كَسَرَ مِنْ بَرْدِ المَآءِ, and حَرِّهِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He abated, or allayed, somewhat of the coldness of the water, and its heat. (TA.) b14: اِكْسِرْ عَنَّا: see an ex. voce رُوبَةٌ. b15: [كَسَرَ العَطَشَ (assumed tropical:) It abated, or allayed, thirst.] b16: كَسَرَ مَتَاعَهُ (tropical:) He sold his goods by retail, one piece of cloth after another: (IAar, K:) because, [on the contrary,] wholesale makes them to find purchasers readily. (TA) b17: كَسَرْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَنْ مُرَادِهِ (assumed tropical:) I turned the man, averted him, or turned him back, from his desire. (Msb.) b18: يَكْسِرُ ذَنَبَهُ بَعْدَ مَا أَشَالَهُ [app. (assumed tropical:) He contorts his tail after raising it], said of a camel. (K.) b19: كَسَرَ الثَّوْبَ, and الجِلْدَ, (assumed tropical:) He folded, and he creased, the garment, or piece of cloth, and the skin. Ex. of the former signification, [in which the pronoun refers to a tent:] مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ [(assumed tropical:) Where its two sides are folded]. (S.) You say also كَسَرَ الوِسَادَ, meaning (tropical:) He folded, or doubled, the pillow, or cushion, and leaned, or reclined, upon it. (K.) See also كَاسِرٌ. b20: كَسَرَ جَفْنَهُ نَحْوَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He blinked, (lit. he wrinkled his eyelid) towards him]. (Mgh. art. غمز.) You say also, رِيحٌ حَارَّةٌ تَكْسِرُ العَيْنَ حَرًّا (assumed tropical:) [A hot wind, that makes the eye to blink, or contract and wrinkle the eyelids, by reason of heat]. (K, art. خوص.) And كَسَرَ عَيْنَهُ, (A,) and كَسَرَ مِنْ طَرْفِهِ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He contracted (غَضَّ, q. v.,) his eye, or eyes; [so as to wrinkle the lids; in which sense the former phrase is used in the present day:] (K:) and كَسَرَ عَلَى

طَرْفِهِ, accord. to Th, he contracted (غَضَّ) his eye, or eyes, somewhat: (TA:) [or perhaps عَلَى is here a mistake for عَلَىَّ, in which case we must read طَرْفَهُ, so that the meaning would be as above with the addition at me:] and ↓ مُكَاسَرَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ signifies المُغَاضَنَةُ [i. e. the contracting of the eyes so as to wrinkle the lids]. (S, K, in art. غضن.) b21: كَسَرَ الطَّائِرُ جَنَاحَيْهِ, (A, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (TA;) and كَسَرَ alone, (S, A, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) or in this case, when the wings are not mentioned, كُسُورٌ [only]; which shows that a verb, when its objective complement is forgotten [or suppressed], and the inf. n. [for الحَدِيثُ in my original I read الحَدَثُ] itself is desired [to be expressed], follows the way of an intrans. verb; (A;) [ for فُعُولٌ is by rule the measure of the inf. n. of an intrans. verb, of the measure فَعَلَ, such as قَعَدَ, inf n. قُعُودٌ, and جَلَسَ, inf. n. جُلُوسٌ, and فَعْلٌ of that of a trans. verb;] (tropical:) The bird contracted his wings, (S, A, K,) or contracted them somewhat, (TA,) so that he might descend in his flight, (S,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b22: [كَسَرَ الحَرْفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, He pronounced the letter with the vowel termed kesr: and he marked the letter with the sign of that vowel. A conv. phrase of lexicology and grammar.]

A2: See also 7.2 كسّرهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (Msb,) is with teshdeed to denote muchness [of the action] or multiplicity [of the objects] (S) [He broke it much, in pieces, or into many pieces: or many times, or repeatedly; or he broke it, meaning a number or collection of things.] b2: فُلَانٌ يُكَسِّرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, or الأَرْعَاظَ: see 1. b3: [كسّرهُ also signifies He divided it (i. e. a number, and a measure,) into fractions.] b4: كسّرهُ الكَرَى (tropical:) [Drowsiness made him languid]. (A, TA in art. هيض.] b5: [كسّر شَعَرَهُ, inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (assumed tropical:) He crimped his hair, see رَطَّلَ.]

A2: كسّر المَآءُ الوَادِى (tropical:) The water made [the كُسُور, i. e.,] the turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف,) of the valley, and the parts thereof eaten away by torrents, to flow with water. (Th.) 3 كَاْسَرَ see 1.5 تكّسر, (S, A, Msb, K,) quasi-pass. of 2, (Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken, much, in pieces, or into many pieces; or many times, or repeatedly; or it (a number or collection of things) broke, or became broken.] b2: [Said of water, and of sand, (assumed tropical:) It became rippled by the wind. And of crisp hair, (assumed tropical:) It became crimped; or became rimpled, as though crimped. (In these senses it is used in the S in art. حبك, &c. See حِبَاكٌ.) Also said of the skin, (assumed tropical:) It became wrinkled: see تَغَضَّنَ. Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and of a coat of mail, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded, and it became creased, much, or in several, or many places. See an ex. below, voce كِسْرٌ.] b3: [And hence, as meaning, (assumed tropical:) It became contracted,] said also of the eye. (TA in art. خشع.) [See 1.] b4: [(tropical:) He was, or became, languid, or loose in the joints. And (assumed tropical:) He affected languor, or languidness: a very common signification.] You say, فِيهِ تَخَنُّثٌ وَتَكَسُّرٌ (assumed tropical:) [In him is effeminacy, and affectation of languor or languidness]. (A.) And one says of an effeminate man, تكسّر فِى كَلَامِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He affected languor, or languidness, in his speech], (IDrd, O, voce تَفَرَّكَ,) and also مَشْيِهِ [his walk]. (K, ibid.) See also 7.7 انكسر, quasi-pass. of 1, (S, A, Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken.] You say, ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and اِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا. (Sb, TA. See 1.) b2: انكسرت السِّهَامُ عَلَى الرُّؤُوسِ (assumed tropical:) The portions became fractional to the several heads; were not divisible into whole numbers. (Msb.) b3: انكسر الشِّعْرُ (assumed tropical:) The poetry became [broken, or] incorrect in measure. (TA.) b4: [انكسر القَوْمُ (assumed tropical:) The people became broken, or defeated.] b5: انكسر خَصْمِى (tropical:) [My adversary became defeated.] (A.) b6: [انكسرت نَفْسُهُ (assumed tropical:) His spirit became broken, or subdued: and انكسر, alone, he became broken in spirit; his sharpness of temper, vehemence of mind, or fierceness, became broken, or subdued; he became meek, gentle, or humble.] b7: [انكسر, said of a man, also signifies, very frequently, (tropical:) He became languid, or languishing. See the act. part. n., below. And see 5.] فَتْرَةٌ and اِنْكِسَارٌ and ضَعْفٌ are syn. (S, art. فتر.) b8: انكسر عَنِ الشَّىْءِ (assumed tropical:) He lacked power, or ability, to do, or accomplish the thing. And انكسر [alone] (assumed tropical:) He, or it, (said of anything, [man or beast,]) remitted, flagged, or became remiss, in an affair, lacking power, or ability, to perform, or accomplish, it. (TA.) b9: انكسر نَظَرُ الطَّرْفِ (assumed tropical:) The look of the eye, or eyes, became languid, or languishing; syn. فَتَرَ. (IKtt, in TA, art. فتر.) And انكسر طَرْفُهُ (assumed tropical:) [His eye, or eyes, or sight, became languid, or languishing, or not sharp]. (T, K, art. فتر.) b10: Also انكسر, said of the coldness of water, [and of cold, absolutely, and of the heat of water,] and of heat, [absolutely,] and of anything, (TA,) for instance, of a price, and so ↓ كَسَرَ, (Fr. in TA, art. قط,) (assumed tropical:) It abated, or became allayed; or, [said of heat,] it became languid, or faint. (TA.) b11: Said of dough, (assumed tropical:) It became soft, and leavened, or good, and fit to be baked. (TA.) b12: [Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded; it became creased. Ex.:] يَطْوِى الثِّيَابَ أَوَّلَ طَيِّهَا حَتَّى تَنْكَسِرَ عَلَى طَبِّهِ [He folds the garments, or pieces of cloth, the first time of folding them, so that they may crease agreeably with his folding]. (S, K, voce قَسَامِىٌّ.

[In one copy of the S, I find تَتَكَسَّرَ in the place of تَنْكَسِرَ, which latter reading I find in a better copy of the same work.]) 8 إِكْتَسَرَ see 1, first sentence.

كَسْرٌ: see كِسْرٌ, throughout. b2: (tropical:) A fraction, or broken part of an integral, as the half, and the tenth, and the fifth; (Msb;) what does not amount to an integral portion: (K:) pl. كُسُورٌ. (A, Msb.) You say, ضَرَبَ الحُسَّابُ الكُسُورَ بَعْضَهَا فِى بَعْضٍ (tropical:) [The calculator multiplied the fractions together]. (A.) b3: Little in quantity or number: (ISd, K:) as though it were a fraction of much. (ISd.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A crease, wrinkle, ply plait, or fold, in skin, and in a garment or piece of cloth; (JK, S, * K, * voce غَرٌّ, in the CK غُرّ; and so accord. to the explanation of the pl. in the present art. in the TA;) as also ↓ مَكْسِرٌ: (accord. to the explanations of its pl. in the S, Mgh, Msb voce غَضْنٌ:) pl. of the former كُسُورٌ: (JK, S, voce غَرٌّ; and TA in the present art.;) and of the latter, مَكَاسِرُ. (S, Mgh, Msb, voce غَضْنٌ; &c.) b5: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

A2: [As a conventional term in grammar, A vowel-sound, well known; the sign for which is termed ↓ كَسْرَةٌ.]

كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ, (S, K, &c.,) the latter of which is [said to be] of higher authority (أَعْلَى) than the former, [but this is doubtful, for the former is certainly the more common,] (TA,) A portion of a limb: or a complete limb: (K:) or a limb by itself, which is not mixed with another: (TA:) or half of a bone, with the flesh that is upon it: (K:) or a bone upon which there is not much flesh, (S, K,) and which is broken; otherwise it is not thus called: (S) or any bone: (AHeyth:) or a limb of a camel: (TA:) or of a human being or other: (ISd. TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَكْسَارٌ (TA) and [of mult.]

كُسُورٌ. (S, TA.) b2: كِسرُ قَبِيحٍ, (S, K,) and قَبِيحٍ ↓ كَسْرُ, (S,) The bone of the سَاعِد [here meaning the upper half of the arm, from the part next the middle to the elbow. (El-Umawee, S, K.) [See also قَبِيحٌ. And كسر حَسَنٍ signifies The upper part of that bone.] b3: Also كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ The side of a بَيْت [or tent]: (K:) or the part of [each of] the two sides thereof that descends from the طَرِيقَتَانِ [app. meaning the two outer poles of the middle row]; every tent having two such, on the right and left: (TA:) or the lowest شُقَّة [or oblong piece of cloth] of a [tent of the kind called] خِبَآء: (A, K:) or the part of that شقّه which is folded or creased (تَكَسَّرَ وَتَثَنَّى) upon the ground: (K:) or the lowest شقّة of a بَيْت [or tent], that is next the ground, from where its (the tent's) two sides are folded (مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ), on thy right hand, and thy left. (ISk, S.) b4: Also, (K,) or ↓ كَسْرٌ [only], (TA,) [but for this limitation there appears no reason,] A side (K, TA) of anything; as, [for instance,] of a desert: (TA:) pl. أَكْسَارٌ and كُسُورٌ [app. in all the senses: see above]. (K.) b5: قِدْرٌ كِسْرٌ, and أَكْسَارٌ, (TA,) and إِنَآءٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (IAar,) and جَفْنَةٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (K,) A cooking-pot, (TA,) and a vessel, (IAar,) and a bowl, (K,) large, and [composed of several pieces] joined together: (IAar, K:) because of its greatness or its oldness: as though, in the second and following phrases, the term كسر applied to every distinct part of it. (TA.) b6: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

كَسْرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A defeat. You say, وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِمُ الكَسْرَةُ Defeat befell them. (Msb.) A2: See also كَسْرٌ.

كِسْرَةٌ (in some copies of the K كِسْرٌ, but this is a mistake, TA,) A piece of a broken thing: (S, K:) or rather a piece broken from a thing: (TA:) or a fragment, or broken piece, of a thing: (Msb:) pl. كِسَرٌ. (S, Msb, K.) Yousay, كِسْرَةٌ مِنْ الخُبْزِ A broken piece of bread. (Msb.) See also كُسَارٌ.

كِسْرَى and كَسْرَى, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, accord. to Th and others, and it alone is allowed by Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (Msb,) A name (TA) applied to the king of the Persians, (Msb, K, TA,) or a surname of the kings of the Persians, (S,) like النَّجَاشِىُّ, a name of the king of Abyssinia, (TA), arabicized from خُسْرَوْ, (S, K,) which means “ possessing ample dominion, ” (K,) in the Persian language: so they say: but خُسْرَوْ is itself arabicized from خُوشْ رُوْ, which means, in that language, “ goodly in countenance ”: (TA:) [but that خسرو is an arabicized word may reasonably be doubted:] accord. to IDrst, it is changed into كسرى because there is no word in Arabic having the first letter with damm and ending with و; and the خ is changed into ك to shew that it is Arabicized: (MF:) the pl. is أَكَاسِرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) contr. to analogy, (S,) and كَسَاسِرَةٌ and أَكَاسِرُ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) [all of which are also] contr. to analogy: (TA:) by rule it should be كِسْرَوْنَ, like عِيسَوْنَ (S, K) and مُوسَوْنَ. (S.) كِسْرِىٌّ: see كِسْرَوِىٌّ.

كِسْرَوِىٌّ and ↓ كِسْرِىٌّ Of, or relating to, كِسْرَى; rel. ns. from كِسْرَى: (S, Msb, K:) and كَسْرَوِىٌّ alone is the rel. n. from كَسْرَى. (Msb.) [In the TA, it is said that one should not say كَسْرَوِىٌّ; but it seems that what is not allowable is كَسْرِىٌّ.]

كُسَارٌ and كُسَارَةٌ [Fragments, or broken pieces or particles, that fall from a thing:] what breaks from a thing: (Sgh:) or what breaks in pieces from a thing, (K, TA,) and falls: (TA:) fragments, or broken pieces or particles, (دُقَاق, ISk, S, and حُطَام, S,) of fire-wood. (ISk, S.) You speak of the كُسَار of glass, and of a mug, and of aloes-wood. (A.) كُسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) The turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف, K, TA,) and parts eaten away by torrents, (جِرَفَة, TA,) and ravines, (شِعَاب, K, TA,) of valleys, (K, TA,) and of mountains: (TA:) a pl. without a sing.: (K:) you do not say كَسْرُ الوَادِى nor كِسْرُ الوادى. (TA.) b2: أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ كُسُورٍ (tropical:) A land having [places of] ascent and descent. (S, A.) b3: See also كَسْرٌ and كِسْرٌ.

كَسِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مَكْسُورٌ, [Broken,] (S, K,) applied to a thing: (S:) and so the fem., without ة: (TA:) pl. كَسْرَى, (S, K,) like as مَرْضَى is pl. of مَرِيضٌ, (S,) and كَسَارَى: (K:) [and مَكَاسِيرُ is pl. of مَكْسُورٌ:] Abu-l-Hasan says, that Sb mentions the pl. مَكَاسِيرُ because it is of a kind proper to substs. (TA.) b2: ناقة كَسِيرٌ (S, K) i. q. مَكْسُورَةٌ [lit., A broken she-camel,] (K,) is like the phrase كَفٌّ خَضِيبٌ, (S, TA,) meaning مَخْضُوبَةٌ: (TA;) or a she-camel having one of its legs broken: (Mgh:) and شَاةٌ كَسِيرٌ a sheep, or goat, having one of its legs broken: كسير being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Mgh, Msb:) and كَسِيرَةٌ also, [app. as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like نَطِيحَةٌ: (Msb:) كَسِيرٌ, occurring in a trad. is explained as signifying a sheep, or goat, having a broken leg, that cannot walk; (IAth, * Mgh;) but this requires consideration. (Mgh.) كَاسِرٌ [Breaking]; fem. with ة: pl. masc. and fem. كُسَّرٌ; and pl. fem. كَوَاسِرُ also (K.) b2: (tropical:) Folding or doubling, and leaning or reclining upon, a pillow or cushion. Hence the following. in a trad. of 'Omar, لا يَزَالُ أَحَدُهُمْ كَاسِرًا وِسَادَهُ عِنْدَ امْرَأَةٍ مُغْزِيَةٍ, meaning, (tropical:) Not one of them ceases to fold or double his pillow or cushion at the abode of a woman whose husband is absent in war, and to lean or recline upon it, and enter upon discourse with her. (IAth, TA.) b3: (tropical:) An eagle, (A, K,) and a hawk or falcon, (A,) contracting his wings, (A, K,) or contracting them somewhat, so that he may descend in his flight, (TA,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b4: الكَاسِرُ ↓ The eagle. (S, M, K.) الإِكْسِيرُ i. q. الكِيمِيَآءُ q. v. (Sgh, K.) جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيرِ (assumed tropical:) [The broken plural;] the plural in which the composition of the singular is changed; (K;) the change being either apparent, as in رِجَالٌ, pl. of رَجُلٌ, or understood, as in فُلْكٌ, which is both sing. and pl., for the dammeh in the sing. in this case is like the dammeh of قُفْلٌ, and that in the pl. is like that of أسْدٌ. (Ibn-'Akeel: see Dieterici's “ Alfijjah ” &c.; pp.329 and 330.) b2: Also تَكْسِيرٌ (assumed tropical:) [The area of a circle]: in the circle are three things: دَوْرٌ [or circumference] and قُطْرٌ [or diameter] and تَكْسِيرٌ [or area], which [last] is the product of the multiplication of the half of the قطر by the half of the دور: and it is sometimes called مِسَاحَةٌ. You say, مَا تَكْسِيرُ دَائِرَةٍ

قُطْرُهَا سَبْعَةٌ وَدَوْرُهَا اثْنَانِ وَعِشْرُونَ [What is the area of a circle of which the diameter is seven and its circumference two-and-twenty?]: and the answer is ثَمَانِيَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ وَنِصْفٌ [Eight-and-thirty and a half]. (TA.) [It is scarcely necessary to add that this is not perfectly exact.]

مَكْسِرٌ A place of breaking, (K, TA,) of anything. (TA.) You say, عُودٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, or a piece of wood, or a branch, or twig, hard in the place of breaking,] when you know its goodness by its breaking: (S, A:) and عُودٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, &c., good in the place of breaking,] i. e. approved. (K.) b2: Hence, رَجُلٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ (A, L) (tropical:) A man who bears up against difficulty, distress, or adversity: because one breaks a piece of wood, to try if it be hard or soft. (TA.) And of a pl. number, هُمْ صِلَابُ المَكَاسِرِ. (A.) And فُلَانٌ هَشُّ المَكْسِرِ, (TA,) and ↓ المُكَسَّرِ, (TA in art. هش, q. v.,) (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is easy, or compliant, when asked], which is an expression of praise when it means [lit.] that he is not one whose wood gives only a sound when one endeavours to produce fire from it; and of dispraise when it means [lit.] that be is one whose wood is weak. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is praised when tried, proved, or tested: (S, TA:) and رَدِىْءُ المَكْسِرِ [dispraised when tried, &c.]. (TA.) [Wherefore it is said that] مَكْسِرٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The internal state; an internal, or intrinsic, quality; the intrinsic, or real, as opposed to the apparent, state, or to the aspect; syn. مَخْبَرٌ. (K.) b3: Also مَكْسِرٌ The lowest part (أَصْلٌ K, TA) of anything; and especially of a tree, where the branches are broken off. (TA.) b4: [Hence] it is said to be metonymically used as meaning (tropical:) Old property. (TA voce فَرْعٌ.) b5: See also كَسْرٌ.

مَكْسُورٌ: see كَسِيرٌ. b2: سَوْطٌ مَكْسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) A soft, weak, whip. (TA.) مُكَسَّرٌ pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: See also مَكْسِرٌ, with which it is made synonymous. b3: (tropical:) A valley whose كُسُور (q. v.) flow with water: (K:) or are made to flow: (Th:) accord. to one relation of a saying in which it occurs, it is مُكْسَرٌ. (TA.) فُلَانٌ مُكَاسِرِى, (S,) or جَارِى مُكَاسِرِى, (ISd, K,) Such a one is my neighbour; (S;) the كِسْر (q. v.) of his tent is next the كِسْر of my tent. (S, ISd, K.) مُنْكَسِرٌ has for its pl. مَكَاسِيرُ, which is extr.; like مَسَاحِيقُ, pl. of مُنْسَحِقٌ. (TA in art. سحق.) رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْكَسِرًا (tropical:) I saw him in a languid, or languishing state. (A.)

شفر

1 شَفڤرَ The primary signification of [the inf. n.]

شفر [i. e. شَفْرٌ, of which the verb is app. شَفَرَ,] is The act of cutting, or cutting off; syn. قَطْعٌ. (Ham p. 57.) A2: شَفَرَهَا, (K,) inf. n. شَفْرٌ, (TA,) He struck her (a woman's) شُفْر (K, TA) in compressing her. (TA.) b2: And شَفَرَ [or app. شَفَرَ

إِنْسَانًا] He annoyed, molested, harmed, or hurt, a man. (IAar, O, TA.) A3: شَفِرَتْ, aor. ـَ inf. n. شَفَارَةٌ, She (a woman) was one whose gratification of her venereal lust (شَهْوَتُهَا) soon took place: (K:) or she emitted; [or, app., emitted soon;] syn. أَنْزَلَتْ. (TA.) A4: And شَفِرَ, aor. ـَ It decreased, diminished, or became defective or deficient. (IAar, K.) 2 شفّرها, (K,) inf. n. تَشْفِيرٌ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) He compressed her (i. e. a woman, Ibn-'Abbád, O) on the شُفْر of her فَرْج. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b2: And شَفَّرْتُ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. as above, I eradicated, or extirpated, the thing. (TA.) A2: شفّر المَالُ, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) The property became little: (O, K:) and went away: (K:) from IAar. (TA.) b2: And شفّر said of a man, He gave little. (Ham p. 242.) b3: and شفّرت الشَّمْسُ (O, K) لِلْغُرُوبِ (O) (assumed tropical:) The sun became near to setting; (O, K;) being likened to a man whose property has become little, and gone away. (TA.) b4: And in like manner, (TA,) شفّر عَلَى أَمْرٍ (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K) and لِأَمْرٍ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) said of a man, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, on the brink, or verge, of the affair, or event, or case. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 4 اشفر is said in the Tekmileh to signify He (a camel) strove, or exerted himself, in running: but perhaps it should be اشغر, mentioned before [in art. شغر]. (TA.) شَفْرٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places.

شُفْرٌ The place of growth of the eyelash, (Sh, T, S, A, Msb, K,) which is the edge of the eyelid; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ شَفْرٌ (Kr, A, K) and ↓ شَفِيرٌ: (K:) or, accord. to some, this last signifies the upper side of the inner angle of the eye: (TA:) and with the vulgar, the first signifies the eyelash; but this is [said to be] a mistake: (IKt, Msb:) it occurs, however, in this sense, in a trad. of Esh-Shaabee; (IAth, TA;) and in like manner the pl. occurs in another trad.; but the word شَعَر should be considered as understood before it; or what grows is thus called by the name of the places of growth, and the like of this is not rare: (Mgh:) it is of the masc. gender: (Lh, K:) and the pl. is أَشْفَارٌ, (Sb, S, Mgh, Msb,) the only pl. form. (Sb, TA.) [Hence,] one says, ↓ مَا بِالدَّارِ شَفْرٌ, (Ks, Fr, T, S, Msb, K,) and شُفْرٌ, (Lh, Msb, K,) but Sh disallows this latter, (TA,) and ↓ شَفْرَةٌ, (Fr, Sgh, K,) (tropical:) There is not in the house any one: (S, Msb, K, &c.:) and مَا رَأَيْتُ

↓ مِنْهُمْ شَفْرًا (tropical:) I saw not of them any one: from the شفر of the eye: meaning one having a شفر: (A:) and شفر is also used in this sense without a negation. (TA.) One says likewise, مَا تَرَكَتِ السَّنَةُ ظُفْرًا وَلَا شُفْرًا (tropical:) The year of drought left not anything: and sometimes they said ↓ شَفْرًا, with fet-h, and in this case they said ظَفْرًا, for assimilation. (A.) b2: Also, (S A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ شَفِيرٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) The edge, border, margin, brink, brow, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or side, (A, K,) of anything; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as of a valley and the like, (S,) or as of a river &c.: (Mgh and Msb, in relation to the latter word:) one says, النَّهْرِ ↓ قَعَدُوا عَلَى شَفِيرِ, and البِئْرِ, and القَبْرِ, They sat upon the side of the river, and of the well, and of the grave: (A:) and both words signify the side of the upper part of a valley. (K.) b3: and الشُّفْرُ, (K,) or شُفْرُ الفَرْجِ, (Msb,) and شُفْرُ المَرْأَةِ, (TA,) The edge, (Msb, K,) or border, (TA,) of the vulva, or external portion of the organs of generation, [meaning, of each of the labia majora,] of a woman: (Msb, K, TA:) pl. أَشْفَارٌ: (Msb:) the إِسْكَتَانِ are the two sides [or labia majora] of the vulva of a woman; and the شُفْرَانِ are the two borders of the said اسكتان: (AHeyth, Mgh, TA:) Lth says that the ↓ شَافِرَانِ are [two parts] of the pudendum muliebre: (TA:) and شُفْرُ الرَّحِمِ and ↓ شَافِرُهَا signify [in like manner] the edges of the vulva: (S:) and شُفْرَا المَرْأَةِ and ↓ شَافِرَاهَا, the two edges of the رَحِم [or vulva (for الرَّحِم is here used tropically, for الفَرْج, as it is in many other instances,)] of a woman. (TA.) شِفْرٌ: see شَفْرَةٌ, first sentence.

شَفَرٌ: see سَفَنٌ, first sentence.

شَفِرٌ [an epithet of which the fem. only is mentioned]. شَفِرَةٌ and ↓ شَفِيرَةٌ signify A woman who experiences the gratification of her venereal lust (شَهْوَتَهَا) in her شُفْر; so that she emits (تُنْزِلُ) speedily: or [in the CK “ and ”] who is content with the least of coitus: (K, TA:) contr. of قَعِرَةٌ and قَعِيرَةٌ. (TA.) شَفْرَةٌ A large knife; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ شِفْرَةٌ, though this is mentioned only by the author of the Mgh; (MF; [but it is not in my copy of the Mgh; and Golius mentions ↓ شُفْرَةٌ as having this signification, on the authority of Meyd;]) or a broad knife: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. شِفَارٌ (Msb, K) and شَفَرَاتٌ (Msb) and [coll. gen. n., of which شِفْرَةٌ is the n. un., or it may be a quasi-pl. n. of شَفْرَةٌ,] ↓ شِفْرٌ. (TA.) b2: And hence, (Mgh, TA,) (tropical:) A servant; (S, Mgh, TA;) because of his utility. (TA.) It is said in a prov., أَصْغَرُ القَوْمِ شَفْرَتُهُمْ (tropical:) The least of the party is their servant. (S, Mgh.) b3: Also A shoemaker's knife. (S, K.) b4: And A piece of iron made broad, and edged, or pointed. (K.) b5: A broad blade: so says the author of the Mgh. (TA. [But not in my copy of the Mgh.]) b6: The edge, or cutting part, (حَدّ,) of a sword: (S, Mgh, K:) or the edge of the cutting part of a sword. (TA. [See ذُبَابٌ.]) The side of a blade: (K:) or each of the two sides thereof. (AHn, TA.) [Each of the two sharp sides or edges of a spear-head and of an arrow-head.] b7: See also شُفْرٌ, second sentence.

شُفْرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شِفْرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَفُورٌ i. q. زُنْبُورٌ The hornet, or hornets. (Golius, on the authority of Meyd.)]

شَفِيرٌ: see شُفْرٌ, in three places. b2: Also The edge of the lip of a camel. (K.) A2: شَفِيرَةٌ: see شَفِرَةٌ, voce شَفِرٌ.

يَرْبُوعٌ شُفَارِىٌّ A jerboa having hair upon its ears: (S:) or having large ears: or having long ears, and bare toes, [in the CK, for العَارِى البَرَاثِنِ, which is evidently the right reading, we find العالى البراثن,] not quickly overtaken: (K:) it is [of] a species of jerboa called ضَأْنُ اليَرَابِيعِ, the fattest and the best, with ears somewhat long: (TA:) or having long legs, and soft and fat flesh: (K:) it is said that it has a nail in the middle of its shank. (TA. [See تَدْمُرِىٌّ.]) b2: ضَبٌّ شُفَارِىٌّ A long and bulky [lizard of the kind called] ضبّ. (Ham p. 242.) b3: أُذُنٌ شُفَارِيَّةٌ (as also شُرَافِيَّةٌ [q. v.], TA) A large ear: (K:) or a bulky ear: (A'Obeyd, TA:) or a long ear: (Az, TA:) or a broad ear, soft in the upper part: (TA:) or an ear having much hair and fur. (Ham p. 242.) شَفَّارٌ The possessor of a شَفْرَة [or large knife]. (A, * TA.) شَافِرٌ, and its dual: see شُفْرٌ, last sentence, in three places.

A2: Also One who destroys, or makes away with, his property: so in the Tekmileh. (TA.) مَشْفَرٌ: see what next follows.

مِشْفَرٌ The lip of a camel; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مَشْفَرٌ: (K:) and (tropical:) of a horse: (S, TA:) and (tropical:) of a human being: (K, TA:) or (tropical:) of an Abyssinian, as being likened to that of a camel: (A'Obeyd, TA:) pl. مَشَافِرُ. (S, K.) It is said in a prov., أَرَاكَ بَشَرٌ مَا أَحَارَ مِشْفَرٌ [lit. External skin hath shown thee what a lip hath transmitted to the stomach;] meaning, the external appearance hath rendered thee in no need of inquiring respecting the internal state: (S, K:) originally said of a camel; (TA;) for when you see his external skin, whether he be fat or lean, you take it as an indication of the quality of his food. (K, TA.) b2: Also The vulva, or external portion of the organs of generation, of a woman: (R, MF:) but this is strange. (TA.) b3: And (tropical:) A piece of land: and of sand: (K, TA:) each by way of comparison [to the lip of a camel]. (TA.) A2: Also A state of resistance; inaccessibleness, or unapproachableness: (K:) strength, or power; (K, * TA;) vehemence, or hardness, or firmness. (K, TA.) b2: And A state of perdition or destruction: and thus it is expl. as used in the saying mentioned by Meyd [in his Proverbs, perhaps the origin of this explanation], تَرَكْتُهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ مِشْفَرِ الأَسَدِ [which may be rendered I left him at the like of the lip of the lion]; (TA;) applied to him who is exposed to destruction. (Meyd, TA. *) عَيْشٌ مُشَفِرٌ Strait, scanty, subsistence. (O, K.)

بد

أ1 بَدَأَ بِهِ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Mgh, K,) inf. n. بَدْءٌ, (T, S, M, Msb,) i. q. به ↓ ابتدأ; (S, Msb, K;) [He began with it;] he made it to have precedence, or to be first; gave precedence to it; syn. قَدَّمَهُ: (Mgh, Msb:) in the dial. of the Ansár, بَدِئَ به is used in this sense of قدّمه; (M;) or بَدِىَ به [without ء]; (IKtt, TA; [see بَدةءٌ;]) [and بَدَى به; see art. بدى;] and به ↓ ابدأ signifies the same. (Msb.) [So in the Kur xii. 76, فَبَدَأَ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ قَبْلَ وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِ And he began with their bags, before the bags of his brother. and بَدَأَهُ is sometimes used in the sense of بَدَأَ بِهِ; whence, in the Kur ix. 13, وَهُمْ بَدَؤُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ

And they, it was, began with you the first time; i. e., as Bd says, by acting with hostility, and fighting.] You say also, بَدَّا ثُمَّ عَادَ He began, or did a first time, or the first time: then repeated, or did a second time. (Az, TA in art. عود.) and بَدَأَ فِىِ الأَمْرِ [He began, or made a beginning, in the affair.] (M.) b2: بَدَأَ also signifies It (a thing) began; began to be; originated; or came into existence. (Msb.) [See also 5.]

A2: بَدَأَ الشَّيْءَ, (S, M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) [He began the thing; commenced it; set about it; as also ↓ ابتدأهُ: accord. to the Mgh, the latter has this meaning, or, agreeably with the authority of the M and K, the meaning which here next follows:] he did the thing first, for the first time, by way of beginning, or originally; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ ابدأهُ and ↓ ابتدأهُ; (M, K;) i. e., not after the example of anything preceding. (TA. [But this addition seems rather to belong to another explanation to be mentioned below.]) One does not say, زَيْدًا ↓ ابتدأ nor بَدَأَهُ, because these two verbs [signifying as last explained above] do not have for their objects corporeal things. (Mgh.) [El-Mutanakhkhil El-Hudhalee uses the phrase سَأَبْدُؤُهُمْ بِمَشْمَعِةٍ I will begin with them (meaning his guests) by sporting and jesting; like the phrase in the Kur ix. 13 cited above: but different from these is the saying in the Kur xxxii. 6, وَبَدَأَ خَلْقِ الْإِنْسَانِ مِنْ طِينٍ And He began the creation of man from clay.] The saying, ↓ فَإِنْ كَانَ السَّبُعُ ابْتَدَأَهُ means ابتدأ أَخْذَهُ

أَوْ عَضَّهُ [But if the beast, or bird, of prey has begun the seizing of him, or the biting of him]; the noun that is prefixed [to the pronoun] being suppressed. (Mgh.) You say also, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى

الأَمْرِ ↓ ابْتِدَآءِ That was in the beginning, or first, of the affair. (Msb.) [See also بَدْءٌ, below.] b2: He originated the thing; brought it into being or existence; made it, or produced it, for the first time, it not having been before; (Mgh;) [and] so ↓ ابدأهُ, said [of God, and] of a man, as the agent; (Msb;) and ↓ ابتدأهُ. (Mgh in art. بدع.) [Hence,] بَدَأَ اللّٰهُ الخَلْقَ, and ↓ أَبْدَأَهُمْ, God created, or brought into existence, mankind, or the created beings: (M, Msb, K:) both signify the same. (S.) البَاطِلُ وَمَا يُعِيدُ ↓ مَا يُبْدِئُ [in the Kur xxxiv. 48, means What doth that which is false, or the Devil, originate, or produce in the first instance? and what doth it, or he, reproduce after it hath perished?]: Zj says that مَا, here, is in the place of an accus., meaning in each Instance أَىَّ شَىْءٍ: or it may be a negative; and الباطل here is Iblees; i. e., Iblees createth not, nor raiseth to life after death. (M.) You say also, وَمَا يُعِيدُ ↓ مَا يُبْدِئُ, meaning وَلَا ↓ مَا يَتَكَلَّمُ عَائِدَةٍ, (S, K,) i. e. He does not say anything for the first time, nor anything for the second time; or anything original, nor anything in the way of repetition; الكَلَامِ ↓ بَادِئَةُ signifying what is said for the first time; and عَائِدَةُ الكَلَامِ, what is said for the second time, afterwards: (TA:) or he says not anything: (A in art. عود:) and he has no art, artifice, or cunning. (IAar, TA in art. عود; and A in the present art.) b3: بَدَأَ البِئْرَ He dug the well [for the first time: see بَدِىْءٌ]. (Msb.) A3: بَدَأَ مِنْ أَرْضٍ إِلَى أَرْضٍ, (T,) or مِنْ أَرْضِهِ, (K,) He went forth from a land to a land, or from his land; as also ↓ ابدأ. (T, K.) A4: بُدِئَ, (inf. n. as above, S, M, K,) He (a man, S, M) had the small-pox: (Az, As, T, S, M, K:) or the حَصْبَة [i. e. measles, or spotted fever]: (S, M, K:) or, as Az says, and the حصبة: (T:) or, as Lh says, there came forth upon him pustules resembling the small-pox: but he adds, some say, the small-pox itself: (M:) the epithet applied to a person affected therewith is ↓ مَبْدُوْءٌ. (Az, As, Lh, T, S, M.) b2: Also He fell sick. (IAth, TA.) In a trad. of ' Áïsheh occur the words, فِى اليَوْمِ الَّذِى بُدِئَ فِيهِ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ [meaning In the day in which the Apostle of God fell sick]: and IAth says, مَتَى بُدِئَ فُلَانٌ meaning When did such a one fall sick? is a phrase used in inquiring respecting the living [who has been attacked by illness] and respecting the dead. (TA.) 4 ابدأ: see 1, in seven places. b2: Also He did a new thing; a thing unknown before; or a strange, or wonderful, thing. (S, * TA.) b3: and He voided excrement, or ordure; or broke wind; syn. نَجَا; [as also أَبْدَى;] said of a man. (M.) b4: And He put forth his second teeth; said of a child; (M;) and of a colt. (TA voce أَحْفَرَ, q. v.) 5 تبدّأ He, or it, began, or made a beginning. (KL.) [See also 1. Golius mentions, but without giving the authority, and without the vowel-signs, the saying, هَاتِ القِصَّةَ مِنْ ذِى تُبُدِّئَتْ; but writing the last word تبديت, stating only that it is in the passive form; as meaning Relate thou the story, or history, from the beginning.]8 إِبْتَدَاَ see 1, in seven places. b2: ابتدأهُ بِوَعْدٍ He made him a promise in anticipation; without his asking it of him. (M in art. انف.) بَدءٌ inf.n. of 1; (T, S, M, Msb;) [The act of beginning;] or the doing a thing first. (M.) Yousay, لَكَ البَدْءُ, (M, K,) and ↓ البُدْءُ, (As, TA,) and ↓ البَدْأَةُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ البُدْأَةُ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ البِدْأَةُ, (L,) and ↓ البَدَآءَةُ, (M, K,) and ↓ البُدَآءَةُ, (S, M, K,) and البُدَاهَةُ, with ه substituted for ء, (M, Mtr,) and ↓ البِدَآءَةُ, (Mtr, TA,) and, accord. to IKtt, البِدَايَةُ, but see what follows, (TA,) and ↓ البَدِئَةُ, (M, K,) and ↓ البُدَّآءَةُ, (Az, TA,) It is for thee to begin, (S, M, Msb, K,) before any other, in shooting or casting, &c.: (S:) as to البِدَايَةُ, mentioned above, accord. to Mtr [and Fei], (TA,) it is a vulgar word, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) as IB and several others have stated, (Msb, TA, *) a corruption of ↓ البِدَآءَةُ, (Mgh, Msb,) signifying the first; as also ↓ البُدَآءَةُ; and ↓ البَدْأَةُ: (Msb:) but IKtt says that it is a word of the dial. of the Ansár; بَدَأْتُ بِالشَّىْءِ and بَدِيتُ بِهِ signifying قَدَّمْتُهُ: [see 1:] and he cites the following verse of Ibn-Rawáhah: وَلَوْ عَبَدْنَا غَيْرَهُ شَقِينَا بِاسْمِ الْإِلَاهِ وَ بِهِ بَدِينَا [In the name of God, and with it we begin; and if we worshipped any other than Him, we should be miserable]: see art. بدى. (TA. [This verse is also cited in the S in art. بدو, where, in one copy I find it as above; in another, with بَدَيْنَا instead of بَدِيْنَا.]) And you say, فَعَلَهُ عَوْذَا وَبَدْءًا, (T, S,) and عَوْدَهُ عَلَي بَدْئِهِ, (M,) and فِى عَوْدِهِ وَبَدْئِهِ, and ↓ فِى عَوْدَتِهِ وَبَدْأَتِهِ, (S, M,) [He did it returning and beginning again; or returning to his beginning; i. e. he did it again from the beginning; he recommenced it: or you say this] meaning like as is meant by the saying next following. (TA.) رَجَعَ عَوْدَهُ عَلَى بَدْئِهِ, (S, K,) and عَوْدًا عَلَى بَدْءٍ, in both of which [and in the last following] the verb may be trans., and the noun following therefore in the accus. case, (TA,) and فِى عَوْدِهِ وَبَدْئِهِ, and ↓ فِى عَوْدَتِهِ وَبَدْأَتِهِ, [in both of which, if correct, the verb must be intrans.,] and عَوْدًا وَبَدْءًا, [as though meaning عَائِدًا وَبَادِئًا, used as a phrase denotative of state,] (K,) [but in this last, and the two next preceding, accord. to the TA, the verb should be فَعَلَهُ, as in the next preceding sentence, instead of رَجَعَ, and this is confirmed by what is said in the K in art. عود,] He returned in the way whence he had come: (S, K:) [accord. to the TA, the literal meaning of the first and second may be he made his returning to revert to his beginning, and he made a returning to revert to a beginning:] or the meaning of the first, (Sb, TA in art. عود, and K in that art.,) and of the second, (K in that art.,) is, he returned without stopping after he had gone away: (Sb, K:) and sometimes it signifies the stopping in one's coming and then returning: (Sb:) [and it returned to its first state; it recommenced:] and you say, رَجَعْتُ عَوْدِى عَلَى

بَدْئِى, meaning I returned like as I had come. (Sb ubi suprà.) b2: Also First, or former; preceding all others, or preceding another; as also ↓ البَدْءُ بَدِىْءٌ; and البَدِىءُ being syn. with الأَوَّلُ. (S, K.) Hence the saying, اِفْعَلْهُ بَادِى بَدْءٍ, and ↓ بَادِى بَدِىْءٍ, meaning Do thou it the first thing, or the first of everything; [accord. to different copies of the S;] the ى in بادى being quiescent, in the place of the accus. case, accord. to usage; and sometimes they omit the [altogether], on account of frequent use [of the phrase], as will be stated in art. بدو, (S in the present art.,) saying بَادِى بَدٍ, and بَادِىبَدِى (S in art. بدو.) You say also, اِفْعَلْهُ بَدْءًا, and أَوَّلَ بَدْءٍ, (Th, M, K,) and بَدْءَ بَدْءٍ, (CK,) and بَدَا بَدْءٍ, (M, K,) and بَدْءٍ ↓ بَادِئَ, (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K,) and بَادِىَ بَدٍ, (K,) and بَادِىْ بَدًا, (M, K, [in the CK بَادِىْ بَدٍ,]) and بَادِىْ بَدًا, (M,) and بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَادَئَ, (K,) and بَادِىْ بَدَا, (M, K,) and ↓ بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَادِئَ, (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, CK,) and بَدِىٍّ ↓ بَادِئَ, which is anomalous, (M,) or بَادِىَ بَدِّىِ, (K,) and بَادِىْ بَدِيٍّ, (Fr, A'Obeyd, T, S, M,) and ↓ بَدِئٍ ↓ بَادِئَ, (S, CK,) or ↓ بَادِىَ بَدِئٍ, (K, TA,) and بَادِىْ

↓ بَدْأَةَ, (M, K, TA,) the former word being the act. part. n. of بَدِىَ, which is of the dial. of the Ansár, as mentioned above, and the latter being indecl., with fet-h for its termination, (TA, [in the CK the latter word is written بَدْءَة,]) and بَدْءٍ ↓ بَدْأَةَ, (CK,) and ↓ بَدْأَةَ بَدْأَةَ, (M, K,) and ↓ بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَدْأَةَ, (S,) and بَدْءٍ ↓ بَدِىْءَ, (S, CK,) and بَدْءَ ذِى بَدْءٍ, (Fr, T,) and ذِى بَدْءٍ ↓ بَدْأَةَ, (Fr, T, S, K,) and ↓ بَدْأَةَ ذِى بَدْأَةٍ, and ↓ ذِى بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَدْأَةَ, (S, K,) and ↓ ذِي بَدَآءَةَ ↓ بَدَأَةَ, (K, TA,) not بداءة [as in the CK], (TA,) and ↓ بَدِىْءَ ذِى بَدِىْءٍ, (S, K, TA, [in the CK the last word is written بَدْءٍ,]) and ↓ ذِى بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَدَآءَةِ, (K,) meaning Do thou it the first thing; (Fr, T, K;) so in a correct copy [of the K, and so I find in a MS. copy of the K and in the CK]: accord. to another copy, the first of everything: (TA:) or the first of first; (S;) thus in the L: (TA:) the words here put in the accus. case [literally or virtually] are so put [in some instances] as adverbial nouns; or, accord. to MF, they may be [in some instances] denotatives of state, with respect to the agent; the meaning being اِفْعَلْهُ حَالَةَ كَوْنِكَ بَادِئًا, i. e. مُبْتَدِئَا بِهِ [lit. do thou it in the state of thy being beginning it]. (TA.) [In like manner,] you also say, بَدْءَ الرَّأْىِ, and [more commonly] الرَّأْىِ ↓ بَادِئَ, At first thought; or on the first opinion: (Lh, M:) [بَدْءُ الرَّأْىِ and] الرَّأْىِ ↓ بَادِئُ signifying the first, and beginning, of the idea, thought, opinion, or judgment; or what is perceived before considering well or thoroughly: (M:) [and بَدْءٌ alone signifying a first idea, thought, opinion, or judgment; as is implied in the A, voce صَيُّورٌ, q. v.:] hence, الرَّأْيِ ↓ فَعَلَهُ فِى بَادِئِ [He did it at first thought, &c.]: (M:) and الرَّأْىِ تُرِيدُ ↓ أَنْتَ بَادِئَ ظُلْمَنَا, and الرأى ↓ مُبْتَدَأَ, i.e. Thou at first thought, &c., desirest to wrong us: and one says also, بَادِىَ الرأى, without; meaning on the occasion of what appeared of opinion; i. e. at the first of what appeared thereof; [or at the first opinion's presenting itself;;] in which case, the phrase does not belong to this art. [but to art. بدو]: it occurs in the Kur xi. 29: (M:) AA alone there read بَادِئَ, with; all the other readers pronounced it without ء (TA.) b3: Also A chief, or lord, (S, M, Msb, K,) who occupies the first place in chieftainship or lordship: (S:) or, as some say, a youth, or young man, whose judgment, or opinion, is deemed good, and who is consulted: (M:) or it signifies also an intelligent youth or young man: (K:) pl. بُدُوْءٌ. (M.) A poet (namely, Ows Ibn-Maghrà Es-Saadee, TA) says, ثُنْيَانُنَا إِنْ أَتَاهُمْ كَانَ بَدْأَهُمُ وَبَدْؤُهُمْ إِنْ أَتَانَا كِانَ ثُنْيَانَا [Our second chief, if he came to them, would be their first chief; and their first chief, if he came to us, would be a second chief]. (S.) b4: Also, and ↓ بَدْأَةٌ, A share, or portion, of a slaughtered camel: (S, K:) or the best share or portion thereof: (T:) or the former word has the latter signification; and the latter word, the former signification: and the former signifies also a bone with the meat, or flesh, that is on it: (M:) and a joint; syn. مَفْصِلٌ; (AA, T, M;) and so بَدًا q.v.: (AA, T:) the pl. [of pauc.] of بَدْءٌ is أَبْدَآءٌ (S, M, K) and [of mult.] بُدُوْءٌ; (S, K;) the former of which is the more common: (TA:) or this is pl. of بَدًا. (AA, T.) The shares abovementioned [as commonly divided for the game called المَيْسِر q. v.] are ten; namely, the two haunches, the two thighs properly so called, the two thighs commonly so called (i. e. the tibiæ), the two shoulders, and the two arms; which last are the worst, because of the many veins [therein]. (TA.) b5: See also بَدِىْءٌ.

بُدءٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence.

بَدِئٌ: see بَادِئَ بَدِئٍ, or بَادِىَ بَدِئٍ, voce بَدءٌ.

بَدْأَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ, in thirteen places. b2: Also The beginning, or outward course, of a military expedition; opposed to رَجْعَةٌ, meaning the returning, or homeward course, thereof: occurring in a trad., in which it is said that the Prophet gave, in the case of the former, a fourth [of the spoil], and in the case of the latter, a third; i.e., when a troop went forth from the main body of the army and attacked a party of the enemy, they were to have a fourth of the spoil that they took, and the rest of the army was to share with them the remaining three fourths; and if a troop did so in returning, they were to have a third of all the spoil that they took, because of the greater difficulty and danger attending this case. (T, Mgh.) b3: كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى بَدْأَتِنَا, and ↓ بُدْأَتِنَا, and ↓ بِدْأَتِنَا, (K,) and ↓ بَدَآءَتِنَا, (Lh, M, TA,) and ↓ بُدَآءَتِنَا, and ↓ بِدَآءَتِنَا, (TA,) and ↓ بَدَأَتِنَا, (Lh, M, K,) but [ISd says,] I know not how that is, (M,) and ↓ مُبْدَئِنَا, and ↓ مُبْدَئِنَا, (K,) and ↓ مَبْدَأَتِنَا, (Lh, M, and so in some copies of the K,) or مَبْدَاتِنَا, (so in other copies of the K,) thus in the بَاهِر of Ibn-'Odeys [in the CK Ibn-'Adebbes], (K,) which is said to indicate that we should hesitate respecting them [before admitting them to be of classical authority], are phrases meaning That was in the first of our state, and in our adolescence. (TA.) A2: Also, (so in a copy of the M, there written بَدْأَة,) or ↓ بُدْأَةٌ, with damm, (K,) A certain plant; (M;) a black thing, resembling a truffle (كَمْء), of which no use is made: so says AHn. (M.) بُدْأَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence: and see بَدْأَةٌ, in two places.

بِدْأَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence: and see بَدْأَةٌ بَدَأَةٌ: see بَدْأَةٌ.

بَدَآءٌ, with medd; [Excrement from the anus; as also بَدَّا;] a subst. from أَبْدَأَ, as meaning نَجَا. (M.) بَدِىْءٌ: see بَدْءٌ, as signifying First, or former; in eight places. b2: Also, applied to a thing, or an affair, i. q بَدِيعٌ, (S, and so in a copy of the K,) or مُبْدَعٌ: (so in other copies of the K:) [thus it signifies] Originated; brought into being or existence; made, or produced, for the first time, not having been before, or not after the similitude of any former thing: (TA:) and created: (M, K:) and wonderful: (M, Msb, TA:) and strange, or extraordinary, as not being after the similitude of any former thing. (TA.) b3: [Hence, as is implied in the Mgh,] بِئْرٌ بَدِىْءٌ A well newly dug; (T, Mgh, Msb;) i. q. بَدِيعٌ; (M;) or dug since the era of ElIslám (S, K;) not ancient; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ بَدْءٌ: (S:) the former epithet [in this sense] is generally pronounced [بَدِىٌّ] without ء: (T:) the well thus called is one dug in a waste land that has no owner: (TA:) AO says, (TA,) this epithet, and بَدِيع, are applied to a well when thou hast dug it; but if thou findest it to have been dug before thee, it is termed خَفِيَّة; and thus the well of Zemzem is termed خفيّة, because it was Ismá'eel's, and was filled up or covered over [after his time]: (T, TA:) the term قَلِيب is [said to be] applied to an ancient well of which neither the owner nor the digger is known: (TA:) it is said in a trad., that the حَرِيم of a well such as is termed بدىء [i. e. the space surrounding it and belonging to it] is five-and-twenty cubits: (T, S: [but see حَرِيمٌ:]) the pl. is بُدُوْءٌ: (M:) and AO says that بُودَانٌ is pl. of بَدِىْءٌ applied to a well, and is syn. with قُلْبَانٌ [a pl. of قَلِيبٌ which I have not found elsewhere] and رَكَايَا, being formed by transposition of letters from بُدْيَانٌ [which is for بُدْآنٌ, as بَدِىٌّ is for بَدِىْءٌ; the د and ى being transposed, the word becomes بُيْدَانٌ, and this, by a rule of permutation, becomes بُودَانٌ]. (TA.) بَدَآءَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ, in three places: and see بَدْأَةٌ: and بَدِئَةٌ, in two places.

بُدَآءَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ, in two places: and see بَدْأَةٌ: and for the former, see also بَدِئَْةٌ.

بِدَآءَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ, in two places: and see بَدْأَةٌ: and for the former, see also بَدِئَةٌ.

بَدِيْئَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence. b2: Also, (M, K,) and ↓ بَدَآءَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ بُدَآءَةٌ, (M,) i. q. بَدِيهَةٌ, (K,) and بَدَاهَةٌ, (TA,) or بُدَاهَةٌ, i. e. The first occurrence of a thing, that happens to one unexpectedly: (M:) [or the first of anything: and an occurrence thereof by which one is taken unawares: accord. to explanations in the K in art. بده:] pl. of the first, بَدَايَا. (TA.) b3: [And all app. signify The faculty of extemporizing; like بَدِيهَةٌ (q. v.) &c.] You say, جَيِّدَةٍ ↓ فُلَانٌ ذُو بَدَآءَةٍ, i. e. بَدِيهَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ, [meaning] Such a one has a good faculty of extemporizing; or of uttering, or relating, things by means of the promptness of his intelligence. (TA.) بُدَّآءَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence.

بَادِئٌ [act. part. n. of 1]: see بَدْءٌ, in nine places.

بَادِئَةٌ: see 1, in two places.

مَبْدَأٌ [originally noun of place and of time from 1; A place, and a time, of beginning, &c. b2: ] See بَدْأَةٌ. b3: [Also A principle, or first rule, of a science &c.: pl. مَبَادِئُ. b4: And The primary import of a word; opposed in this sense to غَايَةٌ.]

مُبْدَأٌ: see بَدْأَةٌ.

المُبْدِئُ, applied to God, The Creator, or Originator, of the things [that exist], who hath produced them at the beginning, not after the similitude of anything pre-existing. (Nh.) and المُبْدِئُ المُعِيدُ, so applied, He who createth mankind, and who returneth them after life to death in the present world and after death to life on the day of resurrection. (TA in art. عود.) b2: مُبْدِئُ مُعِيدٌ A man who has gone on warring, or warring and plundering, expeditions, time after time, and is experienced in affairs: (A 'Obeyd, and K in art. عود:) and a horse upon which the owner has gone time after time on warring, or warring and plundering, expeditions; (TA in that art.;) or well trained and exercised, (K and TA in that art.) so as to be obedient to his rider. (TA in that art.) b3: [For other significations of مُبْدِئٌ, see its verb (4); and see أَحْفَرَ.]

مَبْدَأَةٌ: see بَدْأَةٌ مَبْدُوْءٌ [pass. part. n. of 1; Begun, &c.

A2: ] See بُدِئَ.

مُبْتَدَأٌ: see بَدْءٌ. b2: [In grammar, as correlative of خَبَرٌ, An inchoative.]

قض

ى1 قَضَى He finished a thing entirely, by word, or by deed. This is the primary meaning. (Bd, ii. 111.) By word, as in وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ (Idem, ibid.) And thy Lord hath commanded decisively. (Idem, xvii. 24.) And by deed, as in فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمٰوَاتٍ [Kur, xli. 11, And he completed them seven heavens]. (Idem, ii. 11.) b2: And He (God) desired a thing so as to necessitate its being. (Idem, ii. 11.) b3: إِذَا قَضَى أَمْرًا, [Kur, ii. 111,] When He (God) desireth a thing to be. (Bd, Jel.) b4: [Thus it signifies He decreed a thing; ordained it; pronounced it; or decided it judicially.] b5: قَضَى عَلَيْهِ, aor. قَضِىَ

, inf. n. قَضَآءٌ &c., He decided judicially, or judged, against him; and بَيْنَ الخَصْمَيْنِ between the two litigants. (TA.) See قَدْرٌ. b6: [He completed; accomplished; or fully performed; a thing.] b7: قَضَى He attained, or obtained, or accomplished, his want. (Msb.) b8: [He paid, discharged, or satisfied, a debt, due, claim, or demand.] b9: قَضَيْتُهُ حَقَّهُ I gave him [or paid him] his due, (Msb,) fully. (Har, p. 22.) b10: قَضَى عَنْهُ (S, K, in art. جزى, &c.) He, or it, payed; or made, or gave, or rendered, satisfaction; for him. (TK in that art.) And followed by شَيْئًا [He paid a thing for him, or in his stead; gave, or rendered, it as a satisfaction; lit. and fig.] (S, TA in that art., and Bd in ii. 45.) See جَزَى عَنْهُ; and see a verse cited voce دَانَ, in art. دين. b11: He finished doing a thing: he finished his prayer. (TA.) He performed, fulfilled, or accomplished, the pilgrimage, syn. أَدَّى, (Msb,) and the religions rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, (Bd, Jel in ii. 196,) syn. قَضَىَ بِهِ. (Jel, ibid, Msb.) b12: You also say, حَكَمَ بِهِ He decreed it; &c.; like حَكَمَ بِهِ: see an ex. voce سُلْطَانٌ. b13: قَوْلُهُ مَمَّا يَقْضِى العَجَبَ [His saying such a thing is of the things that induce wonder in the utmost degree]. (TA in art. جلب.) See Har, p. 22. b14: وَقَضَيْنَا إِلَى بَنِى إِسرائِيلَ (Kur, xvii. 4): see إِلَى. b15: قَضُوَ: see غَزُوَ, and هَيُؤَ, and بُطُآنَ; and see طَمُعَ in the S.3 قَاضَاهُ He cited him before a judge. (TA.) 5 تَقَضَّىَ see 7.6 تَقاَضَاهُ الدَّيْنَ He took, or received, from him the debt. (M, K.) b2: See 10. b3: and see تَشَارَيَا. 7 انقضى and ↓ تقضّى

It passed away; came to an end, or to nought; became cut off. (K, TA.) 8 اِقْتَضَى كَذَا It required such a thing: it required the inference of such a thing: it necessarily implied, or involved, such a thing as its consequence or concomitant; it required such a thing to be conceded; it necessitated such a thing. b2: اِقْتَضَاهُ حَقَّهُ He demanded of him his due. (MA.) b3: إِقْتَضَيْتُ مِنْهُ حَقِّى

I took, or received, from him my due. (Mgh, Msb.) 10 اِسْتَقْضَيْتَهُ I demanded of him the giving [or payment] of my due, (Msb, K, *) or debt; (K;) and in like manner دَيْنِى ↓ تَقَاضَيْتُهُ and بِدَيْنِى. (Mgh.) قَضَآءٌ a term of the law; opposed to أَدَآءٌ, which see: and see an ex. cited voce صَحَّ. b2: A decree; an ordinance; a sentence, or a judicial decision. See عُودٌ, حُكْمٌ and دِينٌ. b3: قَضَآءٌ The exercise of the office of a kádee. [You say]

القَضَآءُ جَمْرٌ [meaning, the exercise of the office of a Kádee is one that often leads to hell]. (L, art. عود.) قَضِيَّةٌ A thing; an affair; a matter; a case; an event; an action: significations well known, but not found by me in any classical writing, nor in any lexicon, excepting as implied when the word is used in explanations: syn. أَمْرٌ and شَأْنٌ. b2: A case of law. (L in art. جهد.) b3: قَضِيَّةٌ كُلِّيَّةٌ [A universal or general prescript, rule, or canon]. (Kull, voce قَاعِدَة, p. 290; KT, in explanation of the same word.) b4: قَضِيَّةٌ in logic, A proposition.

مُقْتَضَى

[Exigence.] b2: مُقْتَضَى اللَّفْظِ That which the word, or expression, indicates. (ElFárábee, Msb, voce مُعْنًى.)

قضى: قضى. قضى به: يقال قضى الأمر فجاء به، أي جمع بين شيئين. (ويجرز ص40، ص135 رقم 207، عباد 2: 63).
قضى بحقه: أبدى له كل مظاهر الاحترام التي يستحقها. (فريتاج طرائف ص50).
قضى: أدى الدين. ويقال أيضا قضى ل (أماري ديب ص35).
قضى: أدى ما عليه من فرائض دينية كان قد أهملها بعد مضي وقتها (معجم البلاذري).
قضى (بالتشديد): أدى الدين. (فوك).
قضى وكفى، يقال مثلا: هذا يقضيني أي هذا يكفيني (بوشر).
قضى: احتل، يقال مثلا: هذا يقضيه موضع صغير أي هذا يحتل موضعا صغيرا. (بوشر).
قاضى. قاضي فلانا: عقد معاهدة واتفاقا معه. (معجم البلاذري). وفي كتاب محمد بن الحارث (ص218): فلما امتنع الفهري بغرناطة واضطره الأمير عبد الرحمن رحمه الله إلى النزول واشتراط بحضور القاضي يحيى فحضر وكتب في كتاب المقاضاة وذلك بمحضر يحيى بن يزيد قاضي الجماعة.
أقضى: أدى الدين. (فوك).
أقضى: فاوض، تفاوض، (الكالا).
تقضى. تقضى الوقت: مر، مضى. ففي المقري (1:310): أيام تقضت بروضة. وفيه (1: 311): عصر لنا تقضى بالسد- (المقري 1: 705).
تقضى: أدى الدين. (فوك).
تقضى: بمعنى قضى وقضى. ففي ويجرز (ص22):
ألا هل إلى الزهراء أوبة نارنج ... تقضت مبانيها مدامعه نزحا.
تقاى. تقاضيا: عقدا معاهدة. (معجم البلاذري).
انقضى. انقضى على: آل إلى، انتهى إلى. ففي القلائد (مخطوطة 1، 1: 194): لا تفعل شيئا حتى هذا المساء وعندئذ أخبرك ما تنقضي عليه القضية.
وفي المطبوع من القلائد (ص118): تنبني.
انقضى دينه: مات. (وك) وهذا كما تقول بالفرنسية: أدى دينه إلى الطبيعة والفطرة ..
انقضى الشيء: فني وانصرم. والعبارة التي نقلها فريتاج مأخوذة من طرائف دي ساسي (2: 65).
اقتضى: تطلب، توخى. (بوشر).
اقتضى: صار لابد منه، ولا غنى عنه. وفي محيط المحيط اقتضى الأمر الوجوب دل عليه، واقتضى الحال كذا استدعاه واستوجبه. وفي طرائف دي ساسي (1: 114): كان حنفيا ثم تحول شافعيا بعد مدة لأمر اقتضى ذلك. وفيها (1: 143): كان عرض له أمر اقتضى له الخروج من عدن إلى برعجم. وفيها (2: 401): وقد اشتملت هذه الأبيات على ما يقتضي الكشف عنه، أي قد اشتملت هذه الأبيات على ما يحتاج إلى تفسير، (المقري 1: 282، 137، حياة صلاح الدين ص144).
بحسب اقتضاء الحال: بحسب الحاجة، بحسب الضرورة (بوشر).
اقتضى: طلب شيئا من أحد، وتطلبه منه. ففي النويري (أفريقية ص47 ق): ثم اقتضاهم الجواب.
اقتضى: بمعنى أراد، وشاء، وابتغى، وتوخى فيما يظهر.
لا يقتضي: استهجن. استقبح، استنكر، ففي القلائد (ص45): (دخل المرية وعليه أسمال لا تقتضيها الآداب، ولا يرتضيها إلا الانتحاب والانتداب).
اقتضى إلى: اضطر إلى، أحوج إلى. (بوشر).
ويقال اقتضى ب: ففي حياة صلاح الدين (ص205): اقتضى الحال بفقد أحوال القدس.
اقتضى: حصل على، كسب. اكتسبن نال. ففي القلائد (ص192): سار مطلقا العنان لفرسه فلم يروا إلا منهجهن ولا اقتضوا عوضا منه الارهجه ..
اقتضى: احتكر، احتاز، تملك، ففي انتيشيوس (2: 161): أخذت الأموال فاقتضيتها لنفسك.
اقتضى: استرد. ففي رياض النفوس (ص59 ق): وحين كان بمكة رغبت إليه أخته والتمست منه أن يعود إلى المغرب فأجابها ما كنت لأدع بلدا عرفت الله عز وجل فيه وامضي إلى بلد عصيت الله تعالى فيه أخشى أن تقتضيني العوائد.
أرضى، أشبع رغبته، شفي غلته. ففي ابن طفيل (ص197): إما مال يجمعه أو لذة ينالها أو شهوة يقتضيها أو غيظ يتشفى به. اقتضى: دعا إليه، تطلبه، عين موعده. ففي ويجرز (ص22): وأيام وصل بالعقيق اقتضيته. وانظر (ص76 رقم 42). غير أني أفضل في البيت الخامس والخمسين معنى كان لابد منه ولا غنى عنه.
اقتضى: تضمن، احتوى، اشتمل على (ميرسنج ص25، ص41 رقم 170)، وفي المقري (1: 97): سأله: ما رأيك في قرطبة؟ فخاطبه على ما يقتضيه كلام عامة الأندلس بقوله جوفها شمام، وغربيها قمام، الخ. وفي شكوري (ص187 ق): وكان خلط هذا الورم يقتضي الحدة والحرافة. (الملابس ص379 رقم 1). وفي زيشر (20: 487): ولولا خشية التطويل لذكرت جميع أسماء الكتب وذكرت كل كتاب وما يتقضى وما يختص. (انظر: مقتضى).
استقضى. استقضى الدين: طلب أن يقضيه. (محيط المحيط، معجم ابن جبير، رياض النفوس (91 ق).
استقضى فلانا: استخدمهن استعمله. ففي ألف ليلة (2: 75: وإذا بعكام نزل من فوق بغلته وقبل يد شاه بندر التجار وقال له والله زمان يا سيدي ما استقضيتنا في تجارات.
قضاء: عمل القاضي، وظيفة القاضي (بوشر) وقد كثر ذكر الكلمة عند المؤلفين.
قضاء المناكح والخطبة أو الخطابة كما في مخطوطة برلين، وتعني في غرناطة وظيفة القاضي الذي يتولى لفصل في أمور الزواج. ففي كتاب الخطيب (ص28 ق): ولي قضاء المناكح والخطبة بالحضرة.
(انظر قاضي الانكحة في تونس في رحلة ابن بطوطة (1: 15).
قضاء: سلطة قضائية، امتداد سلطة القاضي في الولاية. (بوشر).
قضاء: رد، إرجاع الشيء لصاحبه، تأدية، (الكالا) وفيه ( Restitucion = خلف).
قضاء: اتفاق، معاهدة. (معجم البلاذري).
عمرة القضاء أو عمرة القضية: عمرة النبي (صلى الله عليه وسلم) في شهر ذي القعدة من السنة السابعة من الهجرة، وقد أطلق عليها هذه الاسم لأنه عقد هدنة مع سهيل بن عمرو مندوب أهل مكة الذي منعه من قضاء العمرة في السنة السابقة. (قاضي سهيل بن عمرو على الهدنة) أي صالحه على الهدنة. (معجم البلاذري) قضية: أمر، حادث، واقعة، (بوشر، الكالا، معجم الطرائف، وانظر في مادة أنقضى، كوسج طرائف ص86، المقدمة 3: 396).
على أدنى قضية: على أمر تافه، على لا شيء (بوشر).
ما هو قضية: هذا ليس ضروريا. (بوشر).
قضية: دعوى. ففي طرائف كوسج (ص49): وشهود كل قضية اثنان.
قضية، في اصطلاح المنطق: قول يصح أن يقال لقائله إنه صادق فيه أو كاذب. (فوك، بوشر، المقدمة 2: 371).
قضية في اصطلاح الرياضيات: نظرية يطلب إثباتها بالبرهان. (بوشر).
قضية: اتفاق، معاهدة. (معجم البلاذري) عمرة القضية: انظر عمرة القضاء.
قضية: جملة، عبارة. (بوشر).
قضية جزئية: من الجزء إلى الكل، من الخاص إلى العام. (بوشر).
قضية حملية: مقولة، لفظ كلي يمكن ان يدخل محمولا في قضية (فوك).
قضية شاهدة: شهادة، بينة. (فوك).
قضاوة: قضاء؛ سلطة قضائية. (بوشر). قضاء. قضا شغل: خبير في الأعمال (بوشر).
رجل قضاء أشغال: رجل أعمال. (بوشر). قاض. قاضي الجماعة في الأندلس وأفريقية هو ما يسمى قاضي القضاة في المشرق. وقضاء الجماعة: وظيفة قاضي الجماعة وعمله. (كاترمير البكري ص144) وقد أطلق على قاضي الجماعة في الأندلس اسم قاضي الجند لأن هؤلاء القضاء ينتمون إلى أجناد العرب أي الطبقة العليا من الجند وسراتهم، وذلك حتى سنة 250 من الهجرة حين عين السلطان محمد مولى لأسرته في هذه الوظيفة، وهو عمرو بن عبد الله فأطلق على نفسه لقب قاضي الجماعة (انظر ابن القوطية ص30 وانظر كتاب محمد بن الحارث ص218، ص282).
قاضي العرب: هو قاض يفصل في القضايا عند أهل البادية، وهو لا يحكم حسب الشريعة بل وفق العرف والعادة. (بركهارت البدو ص68، برقون 2: 87).
قاضي الانكحة: قاضي الزواج. (ابن بطوطة 1: 15). وانظرها في مادة قضاء.
قاض: عند الكالا. ( escrivano principal) وقد ترجمها تبريجا بكلمة scriba والنائب العام للأسقف ووكيل الأسقف.
مقتضى، مطلوب، مستحق، واجب الأداء، فرض (بوشر).
من غير مقتضى: بطيب خاطر، بسرور (بوشر).
من مقتضيات الطبيعة أن: من الطبيعي أن (بوشر).
مقتضى الحال: ما يتطلبه الحال. (ميهرن بلاغة ص17).
مقتضى: حال، ظرف، شأن وضع. (معجم الإدريسي).
على مقتضى، وبمقتضى (معجم فريتاج): بحسب، بموجب وفقا ل. تبعا. طبعا. (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 108، 2: 64).
حسب مقتضى القوانين. حسب دقة القوانين وصرامتها. (بوشر).
ومقتضى ذلك أن: وينتج عن ذلك أن (بوشر).
مقتضى: دائم، مستمر، مطرد. ففي الجوبري (ص61 ق): ويكون مقتضى الذي كتبته.
مقتضيات: احتمالات، إمكانات. وقد ذكرها فريتاج عن شلتنز، وقد اقتبسها شلتنز من ابن الطفيل (ص125).