(ق د م) : (قَدَّمَ وَتَقَدَّمَ) بِمَعْنَى (وَمِنْهُ) مُقَدِّمَةُ الْجَيْشِ (وَمُقَدِّمَةُ الْكِتَابِ) بِالْكَسْرِ وَأَقْدَمَ مِثْلُهُ (وَمِنْهُ) الْإِقْدَامُ فِي الْحَرْب (وَمُقَدِّمُ الْعَيْنِ) مَا يَلِي الْأَنْف خِلَاف مُؤَخِّرِهَا وَقَدَم مِثْله قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى {يَقْدُمُ قَوْمَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ} [هود: 98] (وَمِنْهُ) قَادِمَةُ الرَّحْلِ خِلَاف آخِرَتِهِ (وَقَدِمَ الْبَلَدَ) أَتَاهُ مِنْ بَابِ لَبِسَ (وَمِنْهُ) رَجُلٌ يَقْدَمُ بِتِجَارَةٍ وَقَدُمَ مِنْ بَاب قَرُبَ وَخِلَافُهُ حَدَثَ مِنْ بَابِ طَلَبَ (وَقَوْلُهُمْ) أَخَذَهُ مَا قَدُمَ وَمَا حَدَثَ إنَّمَا ضُمَّ لِلِازْدِوَاجِ وَمَعْنَاهُ عَاوَدَهُ قَدِيمُ الْأَحْزَان وَحَدِيثُهَا (وَمِثْلُهُ) أَخَذَهُ مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ وَأَخَذَهُ الْمُقِيمُ وَالْمُقْعِدُ أَيْ الْهَمُّ الْقَرِيب وَالْبَعِيد الَّذِي يُقْلِق صَاحِبَهُ فَلَا يَسْتَقِرُّ بَلْ يَقُومُ وَيَقْعُدُ بِسَبَبِهِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْل أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ مَنْ يَأْتِ سُدَدَ السُّلْطَانِ يَقُمْ وَيَقْعُدْ وَهَذِهِ كُلّهَا كَلِمَاتٌ تَقُولُهَا الْعَرَبُ لِلرَّجُلِ يَتَبَالَغُ هَمُّهُ وَغَمُّهُ وَيُقَالُ تَقَدَّمَ إلَيْهِ الْأَمِيرُ بِكَذَا أَوْ فِي كَذَا إذَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ وَإِنْ عَصَاهُ عَاصٍ فَلْيَتَقَدَّمْ إلَيْهِ الْأَمِيرُ أَيْ فَلْيَأْمُرْهُ وَلْيُنْذِرْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَإِنْ عَصَاهُ عَاصٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَمَا أَحْسَن تَأْدِيبَهُ أَيْ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ تَأْدِيبَهُ وَلَمْ يُبَالِغْ فِي زَجْرِهِ حَتَّى لَا يَعْصِيَهُ ثَانِيًا وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا تَعَجُّبًا مِنْ عِصْيَانِ الْمَأْمُورِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْهَزْءِ وَالسُّخْرِيَة وَمَنْ قَالَ هُوَ تَعَجُّبٌ مِنْ الْأَمْرِ وَأَنَّ الْمَعْنَى مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا لَوْ أَدَّبَهُ لَمْ يَبْعُدْ مِنْ الصَّوَاب (وَفِي حَدِيثِ) عُمَرَ لَوْ كُنْتُ تَقَدَّمْتُ فِي الْمُتْعَة لَرَجَمْتُ أَيْ لَوْ سَبَقَ أَمْرٌ مِنِّي إلَيْهِمْ فِي مَعْنَى الْمُتْعَة ثُمَّ أَقْدَمُوا عَلَيْهَا وَفَعَلُوهَا لَرَجَمْتُهُمْ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا عَلَى التَّحْدِيد وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مُبَالَغَةٌ فِي التَّهْدِيدِ (وَقَوْلُهُ) إذَا تَقَدَّمَ إلَيَّ الْمُشْتَرِي لِلدَّارِ فِي حَائِطٍ مِنْهَا مَائِل أَيْ أُذِنَ وَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّ هَذَا قَدْ مَالَ (وَالْقَدَمُ) مِنْ الرِّجْلِ مَا يَطَأُ عَلَيْهِ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ لَدُنْ الرُّسْغِ إلَى مَا دُون ذَلِكَ وَقَوْلُهُمْ هَذَا تَحْتَ قَدَمَيَّ عِبَارَة عَنْ الْإِبْطَال وَالْإِهْدَار (وَقَدُّومٌ) بَلْدَةٌ بِالشَّامِ (وَأَمَّا الْقَدُومُ) مِنْ آلَاتِ النَّجَّار فَالتَّشْدِيدُ فِيهِ لُغَةٌ.

قدم

قَدُمَ(n. ac. قِدَم
قَدَاْمَة)
a. Was prior, previous to, before.
b. Was old, ancient.

قَدَّمَa. Put, made to go first, placed at the head, gave the
precedence to; sent in advance.
b. [acc. & La], Offered, proffered, presented to.
c. [acc.
or
'Ala], Preferred to.
d. [Ila], Ordered, commanded.
e. Took (oath).
f. see V (c)g. [ coll. ]
see I (a)
أَقْدَمَa. see I (c) ( قَدِمَ) (e), & II (a).
تَقَدَّمَa. Was, went first, preceded, was at the head of.
b. Was chief, lord.
c. [Bain], Placed himself in ( the hands of ):
presented himself to, before.
d. [Ila], Advanced to, came to, approached.
e. [Ila & Fī], Ordered, commanded, bid to do.
f. ['Ala], Was preferred to.
g. ['Ala], Surpassed, excelled, exceeded.
h. Was brave, courageous.

تَقَاْدَمَa. see (قَدُمَ)

إِسْتَقْدَمَa. see V (a) (h).
c. Advanced boldly, took the lead; was first
foremost.
d. Deemed old.

قَدْمa. Red cloth.

قَدْمَةa. see N. Ac.
IV
قِدْمa. Olden times; former times; antiquity.

قِدْمَةa. see 3t
قُدْمa. see 26 (a)
قُدْمَةa. Priority, precedence.
b. Courage.

قَدَم
(pl.
أَقْدَاْم)
a. Foot; step; pace.
b. Precedence; pre-eminence; place of honour.
c. see 26 (a)
& N. Ac.
أَقْدَمَ
قَدَمِيَّةa. A kind of hide.
b. Fee (doctor's).
قَدِمa. see 26 (a)b. Rough, stony (ground).
قِدَمa. Pre-existence; anteriority.
b. see 2
قُدَمِيَّةa. Proud gait.

قُدُمa. see 5 (a)b. Indomitable.

قُدُمِيَّةa. see 9yit
أَقْدَمُ
( pl.
reg. )
a. Former; prior; previous; older.
b. [art.], First, foremost; oldest; senior.
c. [art.], Boldest.
مَقْدَمa. Arrival, coming; return.
b. [ coll. ]
see 21t (a)
قَاْدِم
(pl.
قُدُم
قُدَّاْم)
a. First, foremost.
b. Coming; future; next (year).
c. (pl.
قَوَاْدِمُ), Head; main part.
قَاْدِمَة
(pl.
قَوَاْدِمُ)
a. Front, front part.
b. (pl.
قُدَاْم ya
قَوَاْدِمُ), Van-guard; advance-guard.
c. Front feathers ( bird's wing ).
d. see
N. Ag.
أَقْدَمَ
(a. a ).
قُدَاْمa. see 25 (a)
قُدَاْمَةa. Exemplar.

قَدِيْم
(pl.
قُدَاْمَى
قُدَمَآءُ قَدَاْئِمُ)
a. Old, ancient.
b. [art.], The Eternal.
قَدِيْمَةa. fem. of
قَدِيْم
قَدُوْم
(pl.
قُدُم)
a. Brave, courageous, valiant, intrepid; bold.
b. (pl.
قُدُم
قَدَاْئِمُ
46), Hatchet; adze.
قَدُوْمِيَّة
a. [ coll. ]
see 40yit
قُدُوْمa. see 17 (a)
قَدَّاْمa. Leader, head; prince.

قُدَّاْمa. see 28b. Front.

قُدَّاْمِيَّة
a. [ coll. ]
see 40yit
قِدِّيْمa. see 28
قَدُّوْم
a. [ coll. ]
see 26 (b)
قَاْدُوْمِيَّة
a. [ coll. ], Shortest road, direct
way. —
مِقْدَاْم مِقْدَاْمَة
(pl.
مَقَاْدِيْمُ), Courageous, intrepid; first in the attack.
N. P.
قَدَّمَa. First, foremost; principal; head, chief;
president.
b. Major ( of a syllogism ).
c. Front; prow (ship).
N. Ac.
قَدَّمَa. Presentation, offering.

N. Ag.
أَقْدَمَ
(pl.
مَقَاْدِيْمُ)
a. Front, bow, pommel ( of the saddle ).
b. Inner corner ( of the eye ).
c. Face.

N. Ac.
أَقْدَمَa. Courage, valour, intrepidity; boldness;
indomitableness.
b. Advance.

N. Ag.
تَقَدَّمَa. see N. P.
II (a)b. Prefect.

N. Ac.
تَقَدَّمَa. Priority, pre-eminence; primacy; supremacy.
b. Preference.
c. [ coll. ], Progress
advancement.
N. Ac.
تَقَاْدَمَa. Antiquity.
b. Seniority.

مُقَدِّمَة مْقَدَّمَة
a. Preface.
b. Premises: major; minor ( of a syllogism ).
c. .
see N. Ag.
IV (a)d. see 21t (a) (b).
تَقْدِمَة (pl.
قَدَاْمِيْ4ُ)
a. Presentation.
b. Offering, present.

قِدَْمًا
a. Of old; formerly.

قُدُمًا
a. Straight on.

قُدَّام
a. Before, in front.

قُدَّامَك
a. Before thee.

قَدِيْمًا
a. في الْقَدِيْم Formerly; of old; in
ancient times; of yore.
مِن القَدِيْم
a. From of old.

قَيْدَام قَيْدُوْم
a. Front, projecting part.

سَمْتُ الْقَدَم
a. The nadir.

الأَقْدَمُوْن
a. The ancients.

مُتَقَدِّم ذِكْرُهُ
a. The above-mentioned, the above.

قِدْمًا عَادَتُهُ كَذَا
a. It was his habit.

يَمْشِي القُدُمِيَّة
يَمْشِي التَّقْدُمَة
يَمْشِي القُدَمَ
a. He was intrepid, daring; was first in the fray.

قُدْمُوْس
a. Ancient.

قَدْن
a. Sufficiency.

قدم: إلى: وصل. (بوشر، كليلة ودمنة (ص280)، ويقال أيضا: قدم ل (معجم أبي الفداء).
قدم على، أو قدم أن: أقدم على، اجترأ، تجرأ، تجاسر .. وقدم على فلان: اجترأ على مهاجمته، أو قتله. (معجم الطرائف، معجم بدرون).
قدم: عتق، صار عتيقا. (وذلك إذا لم تطلق على الأشخاص). (الكالا).
قدم، وقدم له أو إليه، وضع له طعاما ونبيذا قدامه على المائدة. (عبد الواحد ص69، ص152، كوسج طرائف ص61).
قدم له أو إليه: أعطاه هديته، وأنعم عليه بها. (مملوك 1، 1: 153، ألف ليلة 1: 39، 40).
قدم فلانا، عليه: وضعه أمام عينيه. ففي البكري (ص35): ما أبالي ما قدمت عليه يوم القيامة وفي صحيفتي أربع حسنات الخ.
قدم اللوازم أو العدة: جهز، زود، اعد العدة مون. (بوشر).
قدم كفيلا: أعد كفيلا. (بوشر).
قدم: فضل وآثر شخصا على آخر. (كوسج طرائف ص132).
قدم: عين شخصا في وظيفة، وتجد مثالا له في مادة أخرى (المقري 1: 884).
قدم: إلى فلان: أمره. (معجم الطرائف في مادة تقدم).
قدم: ألقى السلاح، استسلم. (ألف ليلة 1: 81).
نقدم إرساله: نسرع ونعجل بإرساله إليك. (بوشر).
قدم (في معجم فريتاج) تدل بالتأكيد على المعنى الذي ذكره بوشر في معجمه وهو سبق، وتخطى، وتفوق، وتقدم. (عباد 1: 305، 3: 148). وفي محيط المحيط: قدم القوم سبقهم، وبعد ذلك وقدم بين يديه تقدم.
أقدم: جاء به، أتى به، قدم به. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص282): سألوه ما أقدمه إلى مدينتهم.
أقدم إلى: جاء إلى، وصل إلى، أتى إلى، قدم إلى. (معجم الطرائف).
أقدم. أو أقدم أن، تجرأ، تجاسر، وتقدم على فلان: تجرأ على مهاجمته، أو على قتله. (معجم الطرائف، معجم أبي الفداء) وفي هذا الأخير، بشيء تصحيف على شيء.
أقدم على فلان ب: تجرأ فعمل شيئا ضده. (معجم أبي الفدا).
أقدم: أقتحم، تحدى، خاطلا، غامر، جازف، واجترأ، تجاسر. (فوك).
تقدم: حظي، صار ذا حظوة. (معجم الطرائف).
تقدم: عين في وظيفة. (كرتاس ص42). وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص23 ق): تقدم قاضيا.
تقدم: ارتفع في عمله من أصغر درجة إلى أرفعها ووصل إليها درجة بعد درجة. (عباد 2: 125).
تقدم على فلان: صار إماما للصلاة. (أنظرها في مادة مأموم).
تقدم: أمر. ويقال: تقدم به. (معجم الطرائف) ومقدم عليه. أخبار ص69).
تقدم: التزم، تعهد، تكفل (الكالا) ويقال: تقدم في، ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص14): فإن يكن من ضيم ناله كنت أولى من اخذ يده (بيده) وسارع في تشريفه وتقدم في البلوغ إلى مراده وإعزازه وأرى إن معنى هذا الفعل في هذا الفعل في هذه العبارة خير من معنى أمر.
اقتدم: انظر فيما يلي المصدر اقتدام.
استقدم: جاء به، طلب قدومه. (معجم الماوردي، معجم الطرائف).
قدم: قدم، تقادم. (الكالا، بوشر).
قدم: ما يطأ الأرض من رجل الإنسان. وهي مذكر أيضا.) فليشر في تعليقه على المقري 2: 728، بريشت ص178 محيط المحيط).
قدم: قدم أو قدم بعد قدم: خطوة خطوة، على مهل، رويدا رويدا، قليلاً قليلا. (بوشر).
أمير صاحب قدم: أمير حضوره يجلب السعادة (بوشر).
قدم نحس: مشئوم. (بوشر).
قدم: مقياس (بوشر)، وقدمان تساوي ذراعا (50 سم)، وأكثر قليلا من شبر. (ابن العوام 1: 11).
قدم: خلوة. (همبرت ص43).
موضع قدم: موضع (مكان) يهم ذو شأن.
ففي البلاذري (ص175): لم يبق بالجزيرة موضع قدم إلا فتح على عهد عمر بن الخطاب. وهذا فيما أرى صواب الكلمة وتفسيرها وليس موضع قدم أي موضع قديم كما يقول الناشر في المعجم.
قدم: ما يلي القدم من النعل (دلابورت ص94).
القدم: لا أدري ما معنى القدم في جامع الصخرة في بيت المقدس التي وردت في النص الذي نقله أماري (ص515) وهو: لما دخل الصخرة رأى قسيسا قاعدا عند القدم يأخذ من الفرنج قراطيس.
قدم: أزل، أزلية، أبدية، خلود. (معجم بدرون).
قدمية: في اصطلاح الأطباء أجرة حضور الطبيب إلى منزل المريض قدوم، وهي عندهم لفظة قديمة أنكرها ابن السكيت وابن الانباري وقبلها المطرزي. (محيط المحيط) والجمع قداديم، وفي السعدية (النشيد 74) قادوم. (بوشر، أبو الوليد ص801، ابن بطوطة 4: 192): قيدوم (فوك) وجمعها قوادم: قدوم، بليطة حادة معقوفة المقطع، آلة النجار. (الكالا، بوشر وفيه قدوم النجارين، صفة مصر 12: 462). وآلة تستعمل قفلا ومطرقة للنجارين (صفة مصر 12: 494). ومطرقة (همبرت ص85). والآلة أحد طرفيها معول وطرفها الآخر فأس. (مرجريت ص317) والآلة التي تجري مجرى الفأس. (الثعالبي لطائف ص4).
قدوم: ثمر شجرة البطم. (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 281).
قديم: عتيق: تجمع على قدم في معجم بوشر.
لقديمهم في البلد: لأنهم أقدم أسرة في البلد. (دي سلان، تاريخ البربر 1: 626).
رجل لا قديم له: رجل حديث العهد طارئ. ففي كتاب ابن القوطية (ص25 ق) في تعداده موظفي بيت المال: ومهران بن عبد ربه من البربر لا قديم له.
قديمه: مآثره، كما ترجمها دي سلان. (تاريخ البربر 1: 448).
قديما على= قادما على، هذا إذا كانت كتابة الكلمة صحيحة. ففي عباد (1: 380). وصحب أبا عمر بن عبد البر قديما على بعض شيوخه قدومة: مطرقة. هلو).
قديمة، قديمات: جورب من الحرير أو اقطن. (برجرن، همبرت ص21).
قديمية: قدم. عتق. (بوشر).
قدام: أمام، إزاء، تجاه. (فوك، بوشر، كوسج طرائف ص108، مملوك 1، 1: 13، ألف ليلة 1: 31).
قدام: مقابل، تلقاء، حذاء، (بوشر).
قدوم: انظر قدوم.
قديم: حلفاء تعمل منها الحبال. (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 7: 264). ونوع صغير من الحلفاء. (جاكو ص53 وهي عنده قدين بالنون، بارت 1: 35 وهو يذكر قديم مع حلفا).
الوجه الأمامي، القبل. (بوشر).
الطريق القدامية: الطريق المختصرة القريبة. (محيط المحيط).
قدامية: مقدم اليد، القسم الأمامي من الفرس والحصان. (بوشر).
قادم: عرقوب، كاحل، عقب غليظ فوق العقب. (باين سميث 1385).
قادوم: انظر قدوم.
قيدوم: انظر قدوم.
الطريق القادومية: الطريق المختصرة القريبة (محيط المحيط).
قويدمة: تصغير وهي ريشة في مقدم الجناح (المقري 2: 421) وأقرأ في طبعة بولاق والمعجم اللاتيني العربي: قويدمتى.
إقدام: عناية، اهتمام، اعتناء. (رولاند).
تقديم: سيطرة، سلطة، سيادة، رتبة السيد، رتبة السلطان. (الكالا).
تقديم: مركيزية، منصب وأرض لمركيز وهو لقب شريف من أشراف الإفرنج. (الكالا).
تقديم: إدارة البيت، تدبير المنزل، ومنصب كبير الخدم عند العظماء، وهو القهرمان ورئيس الخدم (الكالا).
تقديم: أسقفية، ولاية أسقف. (الكالا).
تقديم: دير، منصب رئيس الدير، ومنصب رئيسة الدير. (الكالا).
تقدمة: رتبة تمنح عند طائفة الفرسان الحربيين وهم فرسان التقدمة. (الكالا).
تقدمة الجيش: قيادة الجيش. (المقري 2: 61).
تقدمة: بأبوية، منصب البابا. (الكالا).
تقدمة: دير، منصب رئيس الدير. (الكالا).
تقدمة: منصب القاضي البلدي في فرنسا قديما، ومنصب المحلف. (الكالا).
تقدمة، والجمع تقادم: هدية، عطية سواء كانت طوعا أو جبرا. (مملوك 1، 1: 153).
تقدمة: هدية يقدمها رئيس الفلاحين الجديد إلى مالك الأرض. (صفة مصر 11: 478).
تقدمة، والجمع تقادم: عربون، اربون. وفي معجم فوك: تقدم ل تقادم: التقادم عند أرباب الزراعة: ما يحصد من الزرع قبل أوان حصاده لقضاء الحاجة في الوقت (محيط المحيط).
مقدم، والجمع مقادم: دقل السفينة وساريتها، صاري السفينة. (الكالا).
مقدم، والجمع مقادم: رواق. (شيرب ديال ص120).
مقادم: أكارع الغنم. (بوشر).
مقدم، والجمع مقادم: جؤجؤ، مقدم السفينة (فوك). والعامة تقول: مقدم بضم الميم والدال لمقدم المركب (محيط المحيط).
مقدم، الأسنان المقادم: الأسنان القواطع الثنايا، وهي الأسنان الأربع في مقدمة الفم، ثنتان من فوق وثنتان من تحت. (بوشر).
مقدم: نقيب في الجيش (الكالا) وهو ضابط تحت إمرته مائة جندي. (هوست ص184).
مقدم: الرئيس الأعلى للنقابة والأخوية وغير ذلك. (الكالا).
مقدم: مشير، مارشال- (الكالا).
مقدم: كبير الخدم عند العظماء، قهرمان، استادار. (الكالا).
مقدم: رئيس فرقة دينية. (كندي 1: 125).
مقدم: ربان سفينة، قائد مركب. (الكالا).
مقدم: كان للحاكم (لدين الله الفاطمي) نائب يسمونه المقدن (كذا) يمثله في ديوان القضاء. (نوريس ص260).
مقدم: يقول سنت أولون (ص112): إن القائد في دولة مراكش يعين في كل مدينة أو قرية تحت إمرته ضابطين، الثاني منهما هو المقدم أو قاضي الشرطة، وعمله أن يفرض المكس والضريبة ويعين ثمن الغلة من الأطعمة والوقود التي تباع بالوزن، ويراقب تنفيذ ذلك.
المقدم: عند الدروز هو الثالث من رتب أكابر العشائر وهي الأمير وهو أعلاها ثم الخوند ثم المقدم ثم الشيخ. والعامة تكسر الدال غلطا.) محيط المحيط).
مقدم: لكل قبة (وهو مسجد بني على قبر مربوط) مقدمهن وهو أشبه بالقندلفت خادم الكنيسة، ويقوم بجمع النذور والتصرف بها، ويعيش ببحبوحة ورفاهية على حساب هذا الولي، (كولومب ص17).
مقدم: قيم أو ناظر يقوم بجمع النذور من الحجاج وحملها إلى القيصر (رولف ص22).
مقدم: خصي يتولى تربية فتاة. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 97): المقدم الذي رباكي (والمقدم فيها غير صحيح) وفي برسل (1: 247): الطواشي الذي رباكي.
مقدم: وصي (وهو شخص مكلف بالإشراف على مصالح قاصر أو منذر) يعينه القاضي. (هلو).
مقدم: شرطي. (ألف ليلة 1: 233، 328، 2: 27، 291، 3: 435).
مقدم: عربون، اربون. ففي معجم فوك: نعطيك مقدم.
مقدم: دقل، سارية، صاري السفينة (الكالا).
مقدم: جؤجؤ السفينة، مقدم المركب وهو ضد مؤخرة. (محيط المحيط): وبهذا المعنى وردت الكلمة هذه في رحلة ابن بطوطة غير أن الناشر كتبها مقدم (4: 271) انظر: مقدم.
مقدمة: رئيسة دير. (الكالا).
مقدمة: ديباجة، فاتحة، استهلال. (فوك).
مقدمة: في مصطلح المنطق: قضية (فوك).
مقدمة: خطاب، خطبة، موعظة (الكالا).
مقدمة: إخطار، تنبيه، تحذير، إنذار. ففي كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص59 ق): ودخل الفرسان- على غير علم ولا مقدمة من وصولهم مقدمية: رئاسة دير. (فوك).
مقدام: جريء في الحرب. (فوك).
مقدوم: ساعي البريد في المقاطعة، وقيم، ووكيل. أو الجابي العام (عواده ص1444، دسكرياك ص428).
مقدامة: واجهة، مقدم البناء (هلو).
ومقدمة القياس عند المنطقيين هي ما تترتب عليه النتيجة من القضايا، كما في قولك كل مركب فاسد وكل جسم مركب فكل جسم فاسد. ويقال للقضية الأولى وهي كل مركب فاسد مقدمة كبرى، وللثانية وهي كل جسم مركب مقدمة صغرى.
مقادم -جمع) = مقاديم. (الكامل ص274).
متقدم: سابق، مقدم، ويقال: متقدم على، أو متقدم ل. (معجم أبي الفدا).
متقدم: قاضي بلدي (في فرنسا قديما) ومحلف. (الكالا).
اقتدام: ترفيع، ترقية، (رولاند).

قدم

1 قَدَمَ القَوْمَ

, aor. قَدُمَ

, inf. n. قَدْمٌ (S, * Msb, K) and قُدُومٌ; (K;) and ↓ تَقَدَّمَهُمْ; (S, * Msb, K;) and ↓ قَدَّمَهُمْ; and ↓ اِسْتَقْدَمَهُمْ; (K:) He became before the people: (TA:) syn. سَبَقَهُمْ; (Msb;) he preceded them; went before them; took precedence of them; headed them; led them, so as to serve as an example, or object of imitation. b2: See أَمَّهُمْ. b3: قَدِمَ البَلَدَ, aor. قَدَمَ

, inf. n. قُدُومٌ and مَقْدَمٌ, [He came to, or arrived at, the town, &c.] (Msb.) أَخْذَنِى مَا قَدُمَ وَماَ حَدُثَ: see art. حدث. b4: قَدِمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ i. q.

عَلَيْهِ ↓ أَقْدَمَ [He advanced boldly to undertake the affair]. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse voce مُضَافٌ. b5: See 6.2 قَدَّمَ زَيْدًا إِلَى الحَائِطِ He brought Zeyd near, or caused him to draw near, or to approach, to the wall. (Msb.) b2: قَدَّمَهُ He put it forward; offered it; proffered it. b3: He brought, and brought forward, him or it. b4: قَدَّمَ لَهُ طَعَامًا He proffered, offered, or presented to him, food. b5: قَدَّمَ He did good or evil previously, or beforehand: (Bd, and Jel in xxxvi. 11; &c.:) he laid up in store. (Bd in xii. 48.) See زَلَّفَهُ. b6: قَدَّمَ He made foremost; put, brought, or sent, forward; he advanced him or it: he promoted him. b7: قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيَرِهِ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ, He made him, or it, to be before, or have precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he placed, or put, him, or it, before another; or made him, or it, to precede another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he preferred him, or it, before another; or honoured, or esteemed, him, or it, above another. (Kull, p. 104.) b8: قَدَّمَهُ لِكَذَا He prepared it, or provided it beforehand, for such a thing. See Kur, xii. 48. b9: قَدَّمَ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ خَيْرًا He prepared, or provided in store, for himself, good, [i. e. a reward,] with God. (A and Mgh in art. حسب.) b10: قدّم لَهُ الثَّمَنَ He paid him in advance, or beforehand, the price. b11: قَدَّمَ أَنْ پَفْعَلَ كَذَا He preferred doing such a thing; syn. آثَرَ, i. e. فَضَّلَ. (M in art. أَثر.) [Hence, قَدَّمَ العَجْزَ فِىالشَّىْءِ He preferred backwardness with respect to the thing.] (See فَرَّطَ and فُرُطٌ: and see Kull, p. 279.) b12: قَدَّمَ syn. with تَقَدَّمَ, q. v.: like as أَخَّرَ is with تَأَخَّرَ: so in the Kur, xli. 1. (TA, art, أخر.) b13: قَدَّمَ [is trans. and intrans.: for its significations as an intrans. v., see its syn. تقدّم, and see 1:] as a trans. v. it is contr. of أَخَّرَ. (Msb, art. أخر.) b14: قَدَّمَ is syn. with بَدَأَ بِهِ. (Mgh and Msb in art. بدأ.) b15: قَدَّمَ

إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا: see تَقَدَّمَ. b16: See تَأَذَّنَ voce

آذَنَ. b17: قَدَّمَ أَوْلَادًا and قَدَّمَتْهُمْ: see أَفْرَطَ. b18: قَدَّمَهُ and ↓ أَقْدَمَهُ He urged him forward. (Mo'allakát, 157.) b19: قَدَّمَ has تَقْدِمَةٌ for an inf. n. 4 أَقْدَمَ He was bold, or audacious. b2: أَقْدَمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He ventured upon, or addressed himself to, the thing boldly, courageously, or daringly; (S, K;) he attempted it. b3: أَقْدَمَ على قِرْنِهِ He behaved boldly, courageously, or daringly, against his adversary; (Msb;) he attached him. b4: See 1. b5: أَقْدِمْ, (improperly إِقْدِمْ,) said to a horse, Advance boldly! (S.) So rendered voce أَهَابَ, and هَبْ.5 تَقَدَّمَ He was, or became, or went, before, or ahead; preceded; had, or took, precedence; contr. of تَأَخَّرَ, q. v. See 1. b2: تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى

الحَائِطِ He drew near, or approached, to the wall. (Msb.) b3: تَقَدَّمَ He advanced; went forward, or onward. (L, art. قود.) b4: تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى الحَقِّ: see Bd, xviii. 27. b5: تَقَدَّمَ He became advanced, or promoted. b6: تَقَدَّمَ مِنْهُ كَلاَمٌ: see فَرَطَ: but the primary meaning is, Speech proceeded from him previously. b7: تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى

غَيْرِهِ quasi-pass. of قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ; He, or it, was, or became, before, or had precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, before another; preceded another; went before another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, preferred before another; or honoured, or esteemed, above another: in all these senses like تَقَدَّمَ غَيْرَهُ. See بَكَّرَ. b8: تَقَدَّمَ فِى أَمْرٍ [He was forward in an affair] قَبْلَ فِعْلِهِ [before doing it]. (A'Obeyd, T in art. رمى.) b9: تَقَدَّمَ i. q.

سَبَقَ; (K, art. سبق, &c.;) and contr. of تَأَخَّرَ. (TA, art. أخر.) b10: تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا, (K,) or بِكَذَا, (Msb,) or both, (Mgh,) He commanded, ordered, bade, charged, or enjoined, him respecting, or to do, such a thing; (Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ قَدَّمَ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ. (Msb.) 6 تَقَادَمَ is best rendered It became old: and ↓ قَدُمَ it was old.8 اِقْتَدَى بِهِ He did as he did, following his example; or taking him as an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imitation. (Msb.) He followed his example, imitated him; &c.10 اِسْتَقْدَمَ He went before. b2: اِسْتَقْدَمَتْ رِحَالَتُكَ: see art. رحل.

قَدَمٌ The human foot, from the ankle downwards. (Mgh.) b2: لَهُ قَدَمٌ رَاسِخَةٌ فِى العِلْمِ: see art. رسخ. b3: عَلَى قَدَمٍ عَظِيمٍ

On an excellent foundation. b4: فُلَانٌ عَلَى قَدَمِ فُلَانٍ

Such a one is successor of such a one.

قِدَمٌ Oldness; antiquity. b2: Existence, or duration, or time, without beginning; like

أَزَلٌ (Kull, p. 31; &c.) See أَزَلٌ. b3: عَلَى وَجْهِ الدَّهْرِ: قِدَمُ الدَّهْرِ means properly the olden time; antiquity. b4: علَىَ قِدَمِ الدَّهْرِ [In, or from, old, or ancient, time; of old]. (S, M, K, art. أس; in the first and last of which it is coupled with the like phrase.) مِنْ قُدُمٍ

[In front]. (K, voce ظُنْبُوبٌ.) b2: قُدُمٌ: see أُخُرٌ.

قاَدِمَةٌ as applied to a part of a camel's saddle is an improper word: the proper term is وَاسِطٌ.

قَدُومٌ An adz; [so in the present day, but pronounced قَدُّوم;] a certain implement of the carpenter; (S, Mgh, Msb;) a فَأْس with which one hews, or forms or fashions by cutting. (S.) قَدِيمٌ Ancient; old; to which no commencement is assigned. b2: مَالٌ قَدِيمٌ Old, or long-possessed, property. (S, A, Mgh, Msb, all in art. تلد.) b3: قَدِيمٌ The reputation (حَسَبٌ) of a man or people. (TA, art. دثر.) See a verse in 1 of art. ثنى. b4: القَدِيمُ, as an epithet applied to God, i. q. القَدِيمُ الأَزَلِىُّ The Ancient without beginning.

القُدَّامُ The location that is before.

قَوادِمُ

: respecting the feathers thus called, see voce مَنَاكِبُ, and أَبْهَرُ.

جَرِىْءُ المُقْدَمِ

: see art. جرأ. المُقْدَم is here syn. with الإِقْدَام.

مَقْدَامٌ Very bold or daring or courageous (S, K,) against the enemy; (S;) as also مَقْدَامَةٌ. (S.) b2: مِقْدَامَةٌ: see voce مِعْزاَبَة. b3: [The pl.]

مَقَادِمُ Fronts; fore parts. See an ex. voce أَعْثَرَ. b4: مَقَادِيمُ The front of the forehead. (JK.) مُقَدَّمٌ A provost, chief, head, director, conductor, or manager. b2: مُقَدَّمٌ The antecedent (or first proposition) in an enthymeme, and (first part) of a hypothetical proposition. b3: مُقَدَّمَةٌ The van, or vanguard, of an army.

مُقَدِّمَةٌ The ground whereon rests an inquiry or investigation: and the ground whereon rests the truth of an evidence or a demonstration: and a [premiss or] proposition which is made a part of a syllogism: and المُقَدِّمَةُ الغَرِيبَةُ is that [premiss] which is both actually and virtually suppressed in the syllogism; as when we say, A is equal to B, and B is equal to C, when it results that A is equal to C, by means of the مُقَدِّمَة غَرِيبَة, which is, every equal to the equal of a thing is equal to that thing. (KT.) مُتَقَدِّمٌ Preceding: anterior; being, or lying, in advance of others. b2: مُتَقَدِّمٌ فِى الأُمُورِ Forward in affairs.

الآمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ in the Kur, xv. 24: see Bd; and see its opposite, المُسْتَأْخِرِينَ.

قفز

1 قَفَزَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَفْزٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and قَفَزَانٌ (S, Msb, K) and قُفُوزٌ and قِفَازٌ, (Msb, and so in a copy of the K,) the last with kesr, (Msb,) or قُفَازٌ, (K accord. to the TA,) with damm, (TA,) or قَفَازٌ, (so in the CK,) He leaped, jumped, sprang, or bounded: (S, A, Msb, K:) he (an antelope) did so and alighted with his legs together. (TA, art. نفز.) b2: قَفَزَ الحَائِطَ [He leaped the wall]. (O and K in art. زيف.) A2: See also 5.

A3: قَفِزَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَفَزَ, (tropical:) He (a horse) had fore legs white as high as his مِرْفَقَانِ [properly signifying the elbows; but here, probably meaning, as it seems to do in some other instances, the knees], but not the kind legs. (IKtt, TA. [And ↓ قُفِّزَ app. has a similar meaning: see its inf. n. تقفيز below; and its part. n. مُقَفَّزٌ, voce أَقْفَزُ.]) But see أَقْفَزُ, and قُفَّازٌ.2 قَفَّزَ see what next precedes.5 تقفّز [He put on, or wore, a pair of gloves; as also ↓ قَفَزَ, aor. ـِ as appears from a quotation in the L, from Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, viz. القُفَّازَانِ تَقْفِزُهُمَا المَرْأَةُ:] he (a sportsman [or falconer]) put on, or wore, hawking-gloves (قُفَّازَانِ): (A:) or took or prepared for himself the reticulated iron thing upon which the falcon sits. (TA, as from Z.) See قُفَّاز. b2: تَقفّزت بِالْحِنَّآءِ, said of a woman, (S, A,) (tropical:) She dyed her hands (A, K) to the wrists, (A,) and her feet, (K,) with حنّآء. (A, K.) 6 تقافزوا [They contended together, or vied, one with another, in leaping, jumping, springing, or bounding]. You say so of children playing at the game called قُفَّيْزَى. (A, K.) قُفْزَةٌ A leap, jump, spring, or bound.]

قَفَزَى A leaping, jumping, springing, or bounding. (K.) You say, جَآءَتِ الخَيْلُ تَعْدُو القَفَزَى

[The horses came running with a leaping, jumping, springing, or bounding, motion]; from القَفْزُ [inf. n. of قَفَزَ]. (S, TA.) قَفُوزٌ: see قَفَّازٌ.

قَفِيزٌ A certain measure of capacity, consisting of ten مَكَاكِيك [pl. of مَكُّوكْ]; (S, Msb, K;) accord. to the people of El-'Irák: (TA:) or twelve times what is termed مَنّ: (Mgh in art. ربع:) [see also جَرِيبٌ, in three places: and see صَاعٌ:] pl. [of pauc.] أَقْفِزَةٌ, and [of mult.] قُفْزَانٌ (S, Msb, K) and قِفْزَانٌ. (Fr, Sgh.) [See كُرٌّ, throughout.] قَفِيزُ الطَّحَّانِ [The قفيز of the grinder] is when one says, “I will grind for so much and a قفيز of the flour itself: ” so says Ibn-El-Mubárak: or when one hires a man to grind for him a certain quantity of wheat for a قفيز of its flour, (TA,) or when one says, “I hire thee to grind this wheat for a pound of its flour,” for instance; whether there be something else therewith or not: (Msb:) what is thus termed is forbidden. (Msb, TA.) b2: Also, A certain measure of land; (T, Msb, K;) namely, the tenth of a جَرِيب, q. v.: (Msb:) or a hundred and fortyfour cubits. (K.) قَفَّازٌ That leaps, jumps, springs, or bounds, much, or often; (A, * Msb;) [and so ↓ قَفُوزٌ, occurring in art. رفأ in the M and K, applied as an epithet to a gazelle.] b2: Hence, قَفَّازَةٌ A female slave: because she seldom remains still. Yousay, يَا ابْنَ القَفَّازَةِ O son of the female slave. (A.) قُفَّازٌ A kind of glove; a thing which is made for the two hands, or hands and arms, stuffed with cotton, (S, L, K,) and having buttons which are buttoned upon the fore arms, (S, L,) worn by a woman as a protection from the cold; (S, L, K;) they are made of skins, and of felt; are worn by the women of the Arabs of the desert; and extend to the bones of the elbow: (L, TA:) a pair of them is called قُفَّازَانِ: (S, L:) or a thing which the women of the Arabs of the desert make for themselves, stuffed with cotton, covering a woman's two hands, with her fingers, and, some add, having buttons upon the fore arm; like what the carrier of the falcon wears: (Msb:) or a thing which those women make for themselves, covering the fingers and hand and arm: and a thing which the sportsman [meaning the falconer] wears upon each hand, or hand and arm, of skin, or of felt, or wool: (Mgh:) or a kind of women's ornament for the hands and feet, or the hands and arms and the feet and legs: and a reticulated iron thing (حَدِيدَةٌ مُشَبَّكَةٌ, accord. to the TA, as from the K, but in the CK مُشْتَبِكَةٌ,) upon which the falcon sits. (K.) b2: And [hence,] Whiteness in the أَشَاعِر [or hairs next the hoof] of a horse. (K. [See also قَفِزَ, and قُفَّزَ, and أَقْفَزُ.]) قُفَّيْزَى A certain game of children, who set up pieces of wood, or a piece of wood, (the former accord. to the A, and the latter accord. to the K) and leap over them, or it. (A, K, TA.) قَافِزٌ Leaping, jumping, springing, or bounding. (Msb.) b2: خَٰيْلٌ قَافِزَةٌ, and قَوَافِزُ, Swift horses, that leap, jump, spring, or bound, in their running. (K.) b3: القَوَافِزُ The frogs. (Sgh, K.) أَقْفَزُ (S, K) and ↓ مُقَفَّزٌ (S, A, K) (tropical:) A horse whose whiteness of the lower parts of his fore legs extends as far as his مِرْفَقَانِ [properly signifying the elbows; but here, probably meaning, as it seems to do in some other instances, the knees], without his having the like in the hind legs; (S, K;) as though he had gloves (قُفَّازَانِ) put upon him: (S:) or whose whiteness of the lower parts of the legs does not extend beyond the أَشَاعِر [or hairs next the hoof]; as also مُنَعَّلٌ. (A, TA.) تَقْفِيزٌ A scattered whiteness intermingling in the shanks, as far as the knees, of a دَابَّة [meaning, horse]: a signification wrongly assigned by Lth to تَقْفِير. (TA in art. فقر.) مُقَفَّزٌ: see أَقْفَزُ.

سقط: سقط ل: وقع على يقال: سقط لفيه ويديه (حيان - بسام 3: 4 ق): سقط أخفق، خاب (بوشر).
سقط من نظر الملك: لم تعد له مكانة عند الملك: مثل سقط فلان من عيني في معجم لين.
سقط: وثل بغتة يقال: سقط الرجل وسقط الخبر وسقط الكتاب وغير ذلك (عباد 1: 252) وسقط إلى فلان (عباد 1: 221) وفي حيان - بسام (3: 50ف): سقط الخبر إلينا بذلك. وسقط على فلان، ففي عباد (1: 388): سقط الخبر عليه. وفي بسام (3: 50 ق): سقط عليه كتاب. سقط في مصطلح الرياضيات: طرح (بوشر، همبرت ص122).
سقط في حق أحد: غضب عليه، تميز من الغيظ (بوشر).
سُقِط في يده: قارن مع ما يقوله لين تعليقة كاترمير في مملوك (1، 1: 48). وفي معجم فوك (باللاتينية) ما معناه: تحيْر وندم.
سَقَّط (بالتشديد). سَقَّط النوار: انتزع الأزهار (ألكالا).
سقَّط الرز في الموية صب الرز في الماء المغلي. (بوشر).
سقَّط: رصَّع، ففي المقري (2: 712) وجميعها بسرج ولجم مسقّطة بالذهب والفضة وبعضها سرجها وركبها كلها ذهب وكذلك لجمها.
سقَّط: رصَع الفولاذ بذهب أو فضة. ويقال أيضاً: سقّط البولاد بالذهب (بوشر) وفي مملوك (1، 2: 203) عمجاه مسقَّطة بذهب (أسيئت ترجمتها).
سقَّط: ألقى الجنين من بطن أمه قبل تمامه، القي سِقطا (باين سميث 1590، ألف ليلة برسل 9: 279).
أسقط: أسقط الورق: حث ورق الشجر. وشذب الأشجار (ألكالا) والمصدر منه إسقاط.
أسقط: رفت الموظفين والجند وفصلهم وسرّحهم (عباد 1: 221، 228 رقم 21، معجم البلاذري، المقري 2: 764، (انظر إضافات) الجريدة الآسيوية 1851، 1: 78 رقم 3) ويقال: أسقط الجند أي حذفهم من ديوان العسكر، ففي تاريخ البربر (1: 400): أسقطهم من ديوانه.
أسقط: حذف عبارة مما كتب، ففي دي ساسي (طرائف 2: 267): وأما خِلَعهم وخِلَع الوزراء ونحوهم فأسقطُتها من كلام ابن فضل الله لأنها كانت من الحرير والذهب وهي محرمة. (ابن البيطار 2: 542، المقري 3: 760).
وقد كتب لسان الدين بن الخطيب في هامش المقالة التي خصصها لابن فرقون في الإحاطة: يُسْقَط هذا الساقط من الديوان ويضيف المقري: ولَعَّل لسان الدين إنَّما أمر بإسقاطه من الإحاطة لما يتهم به من معنى بيتيه السابقين ويحتمل أن يكون لغير ذلك.
ولعل أسقط تعنى عدم ذكر الشخص في الكتاب. (انظر المقري 1: 612). وفي معجم فوك: أخرج، أبعد.
أسقط مُرَوءتَه وهمته عمل ما يشينه ويسربله العار. ففي رياض النفوس (ص95 و): ردَّ شهادة رجل وأسقطه من أجل إنه كان ينزل من حانوته ويتصرف متَّزراً بمئزر عاري البدن فقال أسقط مروءته وهمته.
أسقط فلان: ردّ شهادته، انظر ما تقدم.
أسقط: أنسى ذكر. ففي حيان - بسام (1: 74 ق): فجاء بفتكة أسقطت كل من فتك قَبْلَه.
أسقطه من نظره: سخط عليه، أعدمه الخطوة (بوشر).
أسقط: من مصطلح الحساب: طرح (بوشر، همبرت ص 122).
أسقط سقطة: أخطأ وزلّ (المقدمة 3: 344) تسقّط: سقط (فوك).
تسقّط: تشوَّه (بوشر).
تساقطوا: تركوا المكان وغادروه واحداً بعد الآخر (انظر استخرج في مادة خرج).
تساقطوا إلى فلان: وصلوا إليه واحداً بعد الآخر. (تاريخ البربر 2: 408، 411، 413).
انسقط: سقط وابتعد (فوك).
استسقط: سقط الجنين ونزل من بطن امه قبل تمامه.
استسقط انظر المصدر استسقاط فيما يلي.
سِقْط: خسيس، دنئ دْون، ساقط، (ديوان الهذليين ص34، البيت 2).
سَقَّط: كسيح، مشوه، عاجز (بوشر) وهذا هو ضبط الكلمة فيه غير إنه لا يضبطها بهذا الشكل في الكلمات التي تليها.
سَقَط: طرح، إخراج في علم الحساب (همبرت ص122).
سَقَط: التهاب الحافر، مرض في رجل الفرس (بوشر).
سقَط: مصاب بالتهاب الحافر (بوشر).
سقط القمح: مرض يصيب القمح فلا ينمو (بوشر) سقط: ذكر فوك هذه الكلمة في مادة margarita ولما كانت هذه الكلمة تعنى اللؤلؤ فإني أظن أنها خطأ. والصواب سَفط وهي العلبة التي يحفظ بها اللؤلؤ.
سَقْطِيّ: دواء مُسقِط، مجهض (بوشر).
سَقَطِيّ. سوق السقطية: سوق الأمصرة، سوق الكروش (بوشر).
سقاط: ضعف، خور، وهن، عجز (هلو) وفيه سقات وهو خطأ.
سُقُوط؛ سقوط الوَرَق: تناثر ورق الأشجار (الكالا).
سُقُوط: صرع عند الأطباء (محيط المحيط).
سُقْوط: يقال في علم الفلك إن الكوكب السيار في حالة سقوط أو هبوط حين يكون في برج قليل التأثير (دي سلان المقدمة 2: 219 رقم 7).
سقيط. سقيط في عراقيب الخيل: جَرَذ داخلي، ورم عَظمي يصيب عرقوب الخيل من الداخل (بوشر).
سَقَاطة: قلة الأدب، فظاظة، خشونة، جلافة وقاحة، سفاهة (ألكالا)، دناءة - ضعة النفس. ففي ألف ليلة (برسل 8: 218): أترى خسَّة هذا الرجل وسقاطته؟ لقد أعطيته ثمانية آلاف درهم فإذا سقط منها درهم واحد التقطه ولم يتركه لخدمك.
وفي معجم فوك؛ دناءة، حقارة خسّة، خساسة.
سُقاطُة: بالأسبانية: Zoqueta وتعني قطعة خشب قصيرة ضخمة تبقى من الخشب الذي استعمل، وهي: سُقَاطة: نفاية، رذالة، حثالة.
سَقَّاطه: سقاط الورق: من يحث ورق الأشجار فيجعله يتساقط (ألكالا). سُقَّيْط (انظر لين): يطلق هذا الاسم في الصعيد على أصول الشجر المقطوع المستعمل للوقود (ابن البيطار 1: 279).
ساقط: سافل، قليل الأدب، وقح، جلف، سفيه (ألكالا).
ساقط: بسيط، ساذج أبله ضعيف العقل، أحمق (ويرن ص9).
ساقط الحشمة: سفيه. متهتك، خالع العذار، وقاح. (الخطيب ص136 و).
ساقط: مفرط، مغالٍ، متجاوز الحد، شنيع، منكر (الكالا).
قول ساقط: رأي لا سند له (تاريخ البربر 1: 115) الساقط في نسبهم: الغريب الذي ينضم إلى قبيلة ويكون مولى لها (دي سلان المقدمة 1: 239) أسْقَطُ: أخس، أدنأ. (الفخري ص210) وفي حيان - بسام (ص1: 114 و): اتفقوا على القول إنه لم يجلس في الإمارة منذ تلك الفتنة اسقط منه ولا انقص.
أَسْقَطُ: ما يجب حذفه وتركه. (معجم الماوردي) إسْقاط: عند الحسابيين الطرح: (بوشر)، محيط المحيط).
مَسْقُوط: سِقْط، طِرْح، الولد الذي يسقط من بطن أمه ميتاً. (بوشر).
مِسْقُوط: جهيض، طِرح، سِقط. والثمر لم ينضج ولم ينم نباته. (همبرت ص26).
مَسْقُوط: مرذول، منبوذ، مطروح، نفاية (ألكالا).
مَسْقُوط: آدر، (هبوط الأمعاء .. الفتق، الرحم ونحو ذلك) (بوشر).
ضاد مسقوطة: حرف الضاد مقابل الظاء التي تسمى ظاء مرفوعة (معجم البيان).
اسْتِسْقاط: عند الرازي: سقم، سقام، ضنى. (معجم المنصوري) ويقول المؤلف أن هذه الكلمة غير ملائمة، لأنه إذا أريد التعبير عن سقوط القوة لا يمكن استعمال استسقط التي تعنى طلب سقوطها.

سقط

1 سَقَطَ, (S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (M, MS,) inf. n. سُقُوطٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and مَسْقَطٌ, (S, K,) It fell; fell down; dropped; dropped down; tumbled down; (M, Mgh, Msb, K;) upon the ground; (Mgh;) or from a higher to a lower place; (Msb;) namely, a thing from the hand; (S;) or from a high place, as a roof of a house; and from a low place, as when said of a person in an erect posture; (B;) also said of a building; (TA in art. هور;) and of a جُرْف [q. v.]: (Msb and TA in that art.:) [and often used by anatomists and physicians, as meaning it delapsed; it slipped, or fell, down:] and ↓ اِسَّاقَطَ [originally تَسَاقَطَ] signifies the same; (K;) as in the phrase in the Kur [xix. 25], تَسَّاقَطْ عَلَيْكِ رُطَبًا جَنِيًّا, or يَسَّاقَطْ, accord. to different readings, It, namely the palm-tree (نَخْلَة) accord. to the former reading, and the trunk (جِذْع) accord. to the latter reading, shall drop upon thee with fresh ripe dates, plucked; رطبا جنيّا being transferred from its proper place, and used as a specificative; the meaning being, يَسَّاقَطْ رُطَبُ الجِذْعِ: so says Fr. (Az, TA.) [This phrase of the Kur, with the above-mentioned explanation, but less fully given, occurs in a copy of the S which, throughout this art., differs much from other copies.] You say also, سَقَطَ فُلَانٌ مَغْضْلَرRِيًّا عَلَيْهِ [Such a one fell down in a swoon]. (TA.) And مَنْ نَازَعَ أَطْوَلَ مِنْهُ سَقَطَ الضْلَرRَّغْزَبِيَّةَ [He who contends with one taller than himself falls by the trick which consists in one's twisting his leg with the leg of the other]. (TA.) b2: سَقَطَ الوَلَدُ مِنْ بَطْنِ أُمِهِ, (Kh, S, Msb, K,) inf. n. سُقُوطٌ, (Msb,) The child, or fœtus, came forth [or fell] from the belly of its mother (Msb, K) abortively, or in an immature, or imperfect, state, (Msb,) or dead, (A,) but having the form developed, or manifest: (Msb:) you do not say وَقَعَ (Kh, S, Msb, K) unless the child is born alive. (A, TA.) b3: سُقِطَ فِىيَدِهِ, and فى ↓ أُسْقِطَ يده, (Fr, Zj, S, M, K,) but the former is more common, and better, (Fr,) the latter allowed by Akh, but disallowed by AA and by Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà [i. e. Th], (S,) [lit. There was a falling, and there was a making to fall, upon his hand; i. e., of his hand upon his hand, or of his teeth upon his hand, by reason of repentance, and grief, or regret; meaning] (tropical:) he repented, (Fr, Zj, S, M, K,) of what he had done; and grieved for, or regretted, an act of inadvertence; (Zj, M;) or, and became confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course: (O, K:) or both signify, (TA,) or signify also, (K,) or the former signifies also, (M,) he slipped; fell into an error, or a fault; committed a mistake. (M, K.) Hence the saying in the Kur [vii. 148], وَلَمَّا سُقِطَ فِى أَيْدِيهِمْ (tropical:) And when they repented: (S:) or struck their hands upon their hands, by reason of repentance; accord. to AAF: (M:) or repented greatly; because he who repents, and grieves, or regrets, bites his hand in sorrow, so that his hand is fallen upon [by his teeth]: (Bd:) the phrase was not known to the Arabs before the time of the Kur-án: (O:) it has also been read سَقَطَ فى ايديهم, (Akh, S, M,) as though النَّدَمُ were understood; (Akh, S;) i. e. سَقَطَ النَّدَمُ; like as you say, قَدْ حَصَلَ فِى يَدِهِ مِنْ هٰذَا مَكْرُوهٌ, likening what comes into the heart, and into the mind, to what comes into the hand, and is seen with the eye: (M, TA:) and this, as well as the former, is tropical. (TA.) b4: سَقَطَ القَمَرُ (tropical:) The moon set: and in like manner النَّجْمُ [the star, or asterism; generally meaning the Pleiades; and when this is the case, the phrase in most instances means the Pleiades set at dawn: see مَسْقطٌ]. (Mgh, TA.) b5: سَقَطَ الرَّجُلُ (tropical:) The man died. (TA.) b6: [And (assumed tropical:) The man tottered by reason of age.] You say of an old man, سَقَطَ مِنَ الكِبَرِ (assumed tropical:) [He tottered by reason of age]. (S in art. درهم.) b7: سَقَطَ إِلَىَّ القَوْمُ, (M, K,) inf. n. سُقُوطٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The people, or company of men, alighted at my abode: (M, K, TA:) they came to me. (TA.) سَقَطَ إِلَى جِيرَانٍ لَهُ, occurring in a trad., means (tropical:) He came to some neighbours of his, and they gave him refuge, and protected him. (M, TA.) And it is said in a postclassical prov., حَيْثُمَا سَقَطَ لَقَطَ [Wherever he alights he picks up something]: applied to him who practises evasions, shifts, artifices, or the like. (Meyd, and Har p. 660.) b8: سَقَطَ عَلَى ضَالَّتِهِ (tropical:) He stumbled upon, lighted on, or became acquainted with, the place of his stray, or lost, beast; he lighted on his stray, or lost, beast. (TA.) Mohammad said to El-Hárith Ibn-Hassán, on the latter's asking him respecting a thing, عَلَى الخَبِيرِ سَقَطْتَ (tropical:) On the possessor of knowledge thou hast lighted: and this is a prov. current among the Arabs. (TA.) And it is said in a prov., سَقَطَ العَضْلَرRَآءُ بِهِ عَلَى سِرْحَانِ (assumed tropical:) [The evening-meal, or supper, (i. e. the seeking for it,) made him to fall, or light, upon a wolf: or سرحان, as is said in a copy of the S, is here the name of a certain man: see also art. سرح]: applied to him who seeks an object of desire, and falls into a thing that destroys him. (TA.) b9: سَقَطَ also signifies He descended [from the place which he occupied], and his place became vacant. (TA.) And you say, سَقَطَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ مَنْزِلَتِهِ (tropical:) [Such a one fell from his honourable station]. (TA.) And سَقَطَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ عَيْنِى (tropical:) [Such a one fell from the place which he held in my regard]. (TA.) سَقَاطَةٌ, as an inf. n., meaning (assumed tropical:) The being ignoble in respect of the deeds or qualities of one's ancestors, and of oneself, [as though its verb were سَقُطَ,] is a mistake, although it has been used, for the purpose of assimilation, coupled with وَقَاحَةٌ. (Mgh.) b10: [Also, (assumed tropical:) He dropped off; fell behind: he, or it, remained behind, or in the rear. See سَاقِطٌ.] b11: سَقَطَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ (assumed tropical:) [He deviated from the road]. (IAar, TA in art. فجر.) b12: سَقَطَ فِى كَلَامِهِ, (M, K,) and بِكَلَامِهِ, (TA,) inf. n. سُقُوطٌ; (M, TA;) and فى كلامه ↓ أَسْقَطَ; (S, TA;) (tropical:) He committed a mistake in his speech. (M, K, TA.) And تَكَلَّمَ فَمَا سَقَطَ بِكَلِمَةٍ, (M, TA,) and كَلِمَةً ↓ مَا أَسْقَطَ, and فِى كَلِمَةٍ ↓ مَاأَسْقَطَ, (M, K,) (tropical:) He spoke, and did not commit a mistake in a word. (M, K, TA.) And تَكَلَّمَ بِكَلَامٍ

فَمَا سَقَطَ بِحَرْفٍ, and حَرْفًا ↓ مَا أَسْقَطَ, [held by him on whose authority it is mentioned to mean (assumed tropical:) He spoke speech, and did not drop a letter, or a word; for this is] said by Yaakoob to be like دَخَلْتُ بِهِ and أَدْخَلْتُهَ, &c. (S.) b13: سَقَطَ ذِكْرُهُ (assumed tropical:) [The mention of him, or it, was, or became, dropped, left out, or omitted]. (TA, passim.) And سَقَطَ الرَّجُلُ (tropical:) The man's name fell out, or became dropped, from the register of soldiers or pensioners. (TA.) b14: سَقَطَتْ قُوَّتُهُ دُونَ بُلُوغِ الأمْرِ [His power fell short of the attainment or accomplishment, of the affair.] (TA in art. ذرع.) b15: [سَقَطَ, inf. n. سُقُوطٌ, likewise signifies (assumed tropical:) It (a claim or demand, a due, an argument or a plea, a condition, a law, a command or prohibition, a gift, a reward, a punishment, a good action, a sin, &c.,) became null, annulled, void, of no force, or of no account; as though it fell to the ground, or became dropped; whence سَقَطَ حُكْمُهُ, by which phrase بَطَلَ, q. v., is expl. in the Msb.] Yousay, سَقَطَ الفَرْضُ (assumed tropical:) [The assigned, or appointed, gift, or soldier's stipend or pay, became annulled], meaning سَقَطَ طَلَبُهُ وَالأَمْرُ بِهِ (assumed tropical:) [the demand for it and the order for it became dropped]. (Msb.) And إِذَاصَحَّتِ المَوَدَّةُ سَقَطَتٌ ضْلَرRُرُوطُ الأَدَبِ وَ التَّكْلِيفِ (assumed tropical:) [When love, or affection, is free from imperfection, the conditions of politeness and constraint become annulled]. (TA.) And سَقَطَتْ خَطَايَاهُ (assumed tropical:) His sins fell [from him]; went away; or departed. (TA in art. خر.) b16: سَقَطَ الحَرُّ, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. سُقُوطٌ, (M,) (tropical:) The heat fell [like as one says of rain]; (M, K;) it befell; (TA;) it came. (K.) But سَقَطَ عَنَّا الحَرَّ (assumed tropical:) The heat left us or quitted us: (IAar, M, K:) as though the verb had two contr. significations. (M, K. *) b17: سَقَطَ الحَدِيثُ مِنْكَ إِلَيْهِ وَمِنْهُ إِلَيْكَ (tropical:) [Discourse fell from thee to him, and from him to thee]: (M:) or سَقَطَ مِنْ كُلٍ عَلَى الاّخَرِ (tropical:) [it fell from each to the other]. (K.) 3 ساقطهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. مُسَاقَطَةٌ and سِقَاطٌ, (M, K,) i. q. ↓ أَسْقَطَهُ [q. v.]: (K:) or he made it to fall, fall down, drop, drop down, or tumble down, in consecutive portions or quantities; syn. تَابَعَ إِسْقَاطَهُ [in the CK اَسْقاطَهُ]: (M, K:) or it has both of these significations. (So in the L, and in some copies of the S; but in one copy of the S, the former only is mentioned.) A poet says, (S, M,) namely Dábi Ibn-El-Hárith ElBurjumee, (TA,) describing a [wild] bull and the dogs, (S,) يُسَاقِطُ عَنْهُ رَوْقُهُ ضَارِ يَاتِهَا سِقَاطَ حَدِيدِ القَيْنِ أَخْوَلَ أَخْوَلَا [His horn makes to fall consecutively from him those of them that were trained for hunting, as the iron of the blacksmith makes sparks to fall consecutively, scattered about]. (S, M.) b2: ساقط الخَيْلَ (tropical:) He (a horse) outstripped the [other] horses: (TA:) [as though he made them to drop behind him, one after another.] b3: ساقطهُ الحَدِيثَ, (M, K,) inf. n. سِقَاطٌ (S, M, A) and مُسَاقَطَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) [He discoursed with him alternately;] discourse fell (سَقَطَ) from each of them to the other, (M, K,) so as that one discoursed, and the other listened to him, and when he became silent, he who had been silent discoursed: (S, K:) or he discoursed to him telling him thing after thing. (A, TA.) b4: كَانَ يُسَاقِطُ ذٰلِكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ (assumed tropical:) He used to relate that from the Apostle of God amid his discourse; as though he mixed his discourse therewith. (TA, from a trad.) A2: ساقط الفَرَسُ العَدْوَ, (M, K,) inf. n. سِقَاطٌ, (S, M, K,) (tropical:) The horse came [running] in a slack, or languid, manner: (S, * M, K, TA:) or سِقَاطٌ in a horse is the incessantly having the foot wounded and made to bleed by stones, or hurt thereby. (A, TA.) You say also فَرَسٌ رَيّثُ السِقَاطِ (assumed tropical:) A horse slow in running. (TA.) b2: ساقط الرَّجُلُ, inf. n. سِقَاطٌ, (tropical:) The man failed of attaining to the condition of the generous, or noble. (TA.) 4 اسقطهُ He made it to fall, fall down, drop, drop down, or tumble down; threw it down; dropped it; let it fall; (S, * M, Mgh, Msb;) upon the ground; (Mgh;) or from a higher to a lower place. (Msb.) See also 3, first sentence. b2: أَسْقَطَتٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) or اسقطت وَلَدَهَا, (M, K,) or the latter is wrong, (MF,) for the Arabs disused, as some say, the objective complement after this verb, scarcely, or never, saying أَسْقَطَتْ سِقْطًا, nor do they say, أُسْقِطَ الوَلَدُ, (Msb, MF,) or the lawyers use these last two phrases, but they are not Arabic, (Mgh,) or a phrase like the last, i. e. أُسْقِطَتِ الأَجِنَّةُ, occurs in an Arabic verse, (TA,) She (a pregnant female, Mgh, Msb, or a woman, M, B, and so in a copy of the S, or a camel or other animal, as in some copies of the S and in the O, or, accord. to El-Kálee, only said of a woman, like as اجهضت is only said of a she-camel, TA,) cast her young one, or fœtus or her young; brought forth her young one, or fœtus, or her young, abortively, or in an immature, or imperfect, state, (S, * M, Msb, K, B,) or dead, (Mgh,) but having the form developed, or manifest. (Mgh, Msb.) b3: أُسْقِطِ فِى

يَدِهِ: see 1. b4: اسقطهُ السُّلْطَانُ (tropical:) [The Sultán made him to fall, or degraded him, مِنْ مَنْزِلَتِهِ from his honourable station]. (TA.) b5: [اسقط also signifies (assumed tropical:) He dropped, left out, or omitted, a letter of a word, a word of a phrase, &c.] Yousay, اسقط حَرْفًا, and كَلِمَةٍ, and فِى كَلِمَةٍ, and فِىكَلَامِهِ: see 1. And اسقط الفَارِضُ اسْمَهُ (tropical:) The appointer, or registrar, of the stipends of soldiers or pensioners dropped, left out, or omitted, his name. (TA.) b6: [Also (assumed tropical:) He, or it, annulled; made, or rendered, null, void, of no force, or of no account; he rejected; said in relation to a claim or demand, a due, an argument or a plea, a condition, a law, a command or prohibition, a gift, a reward, a punishment, a good action, a sin, &c.; of any of these you say, اسقطهُ, and اسقط حُكْمَهُ: see an ex. voce هَدَرَ: and see 1, near the end of the paragraph. Hence,] اسقط مِنَ الثَّمَنِ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He abated of the price so much; syn. حَطَّ. (Mgh and Msb in art. حط.) b7: اسقطهُ is erroneously put in the K, in one instance, for استسقطهُ. (TA.) See 5.

A2: أَسْقَطُوا لَهُ بِالكَلَامِ (tropical:) They reviled him with evil speech. (TA.) 5 تسقّطهُ (tropical:) He sought his mistake, or error: (S, K, TA:) (tropical:) he strove, or laboured, to make him commit a mistake, or an error; or to make him lie; or to make him reveal what he had to tell; (M, K, TA;) as also ↓ استسقطهُ; (M, TA;) in the copies of the K, ↓ أَسْقَطَهُ, which is a mistake. (TA.) b2: تسقّط الخَبَرَ (tropical:) He took, or received, the news, or information, by little and little; (K, TA;) thing after thing: mentioned by Aboo-Turáb, on the authority of Abu-l-Mikdám EsSulamee. (TA.) 6 تساقط: see its variation اِسَّاقَطَ in 1; first sentence. b2: It fell in consecutive portions or quantities [like the leaves of a tree, &c.; by degrees; gradually]. (M, K.) A poet says, كَنَجْمِ الثُّرَيَّا وَأَمْطَارِهَا وَيَوْمٍ تَسَاقَطُ لَذَّاتُهُ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [Many a day] of which the pleasures come one thing after another; [such a day being like the asterism of the Pleiades, and the pleasures thereof like its rains;] meaning the abounding of its pleasures. (TA.) And you say, تَسَاقَطَ إِلَىَّ خَيْرُ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) [The wealth of such a one fell, or came, to me, one thing after another]. (TA.) b3: تساقط عَلَى الشَّىٌءِ He threw himself upon the thing. (S.) You say, تساقط عَلَى الرَّجُلِ يَقِيه بِنَفْسِهِ [He threw himself upon the man, protecting him with his own person]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْقَطَ see 5.

سَقْطٌ: see سِقْطٌ, in three places: A2: and سَقِيطٌ, in two places: b2: and سَاقِطٌ: b3: and سَقْطَةٌ.

سُقْطٌ: see سِقْطٌ, in three places.

سِقْطٌ and ↓ سُقْطٌ and ↓ سَقْطٌ A child, or young one, or fœtus, that falls from the belly of the mother abortively, or in an immature, or imperfect, state, (S, M, Msb, K,) or dead, (Mgh,) but having the form developed, or manifest; (Mgh, Msb;) for otherwise it is not so called; (Mgh;) whether male or female: (Msb, TA:) the first of these three forms is the most common: and the pl. is أَسْقَاطٌ. (TA.) The reward which a father will receive for such offspring is [held to be] more than that for adult offspring. (TA.) b2: Hence, (M, B, TA,) the same three words, (K,) or سِقْطُ النَّارِ and ↓ سُقْطُهَا and ↓ سَقْطُهَا, (S, M, Msb,) (tropical:) What falls, (S, M, Msb, K,) of fire, (S,) from the زَنْد, (Msb,) or between the زَنْدَانِ, (M, K,) when one produces fire, (S,) or before the emission of the fire is thoroughly effected: (M, K:) masc. and fem. (Fr, S, K.) b3: Also سِقْطُ رَمْلٍ and ↓ سُقْطُهُ and ↓ سَقْطُهُ (S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَسْقَطُهُ (M, K) and ↓ مَسْقِطُهُ (M, TA) [The fall, or slope, of a tract, or quantity, of sand;] the place where sand [falls, or slopes, and] ends: (S:) or the place to which the extremity of sand extends: (Msb:) or the place where the main portion of sand ends, and where it [falls, or slopes, and] becomes thin; (M, K;) for it is [derived] from سُقُوطٌ [inf. n. of 1]. (M.) b4: Also سِقْطٌ (tropical:) The edge, or extremity, of a cloud: (M, K:) or the part of a cloud where the edge, or extremity, is seen as though it were falling upon the earth, in the horizon. (S.) b5: And hence, or from the same word as used in relation to sand, (TA,) (tropical:) The similar part of a [tent of the kind called]

خِبَآء: (S:) or the lowest strip of cloth, that is next the ground, on either side of a خبآء: (A, TA:) or the side of a خبآء: (K:) or [each of] the two sides thereof. (M.) b6: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سِقَاطٌ and ↓ مَسْقَطٌ, (M, K,) (tropical:) The wing; (K;) each of the two wings; (S, M;) of a bird; (M, K;) or of a male ostrich. (S.) And سِقْطُ جَنَاحِ الطَّائِرِ (tropical:) The part of the wing of the bird which it drags upon the ground. (S, TA.) b7: [And hence,] سِقْطَا اللَّيْلِ (tropical:) The two sides of the darkness of night; (TA;) the beginning and end thereof; (S, TA;) as also ↓ سِقَاطَاهُ: (TA:) whence the saying of the poet, (S, TA,) namely Er-Rá'ee, (TA,) حَتَّى إِذَامَا أَضَآءَالصُّبْحُ وَ أَنْبَعَثَتْ عَنْهُ نَعَامَةُ ذِى سِقْطَيْنِ مُعْتَكِرِ (tropical:) [Until, when the dawn shone, and the blackness of confused night became dispelled from it]: he means by نعامة the “ blackness ” of night: he says that the night, having its beginning and end, passed, and the dawn shone clearly. (S, TA.) سَقَطٌ What is made to fall, thrown down, or dropped, of, or from, a thing, (M, K,) and held in mean estimation: (TA:) and [in like manner]

↓ سُقَاطَةٌ the refuse of anything; (IDrd;) or what falls, of, or from, a thing, (M, K,) and is held in mean estimation; (TA;) as also ↓ سُقَاطٌ; (K;) or, accord. to some, this last is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], and ↓ سُقَاطَهٌ is its sing. [or n. un.]; and سُقَاطَاتٌ is also a pl. of this last. (TA.) [Hence,] سَقَطُ الطَّعَامِ (tropical:) What is worthless, of food: (M, K: *) or what falls from, or of, food: (M:) and [in like manner] ↓ سُقَاطَةٌ and ↓ سُقَاطٌ refuse that falls, and is held in mean estimation, of, or from, food and beverage and the like: (TA:) the pl. of سَقَطٌ is أَسْقَاطٌ. (K.) And سَقَطُ المَتَاعِ (tropical:) What is worthless, paltry, mean, vile, or held in little account, of the furniture or utensils of a house or tent, or of household goods: (S, Msb, K:) or the refuse thereof; (Mgh;) and so المَتَاعِ ↓ سُقَاطَةُ: (TA:) and سَقَطُ البَيْتِ signifies the same; (M;) or such articles of the tent or house as the needle and the axe and the cookingpot and the like: (Lth:) pl. as above. (M.) And hence, آَسْقَاطُ النَّاسِ (q. v. infrà, as also سَقَطُ النَّاسِ, voce سَاقِطٌ). (Lh, M.) سَقَطٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Things of which the sale is held in mean estimation; such as the seeds that are used in cooking, for seasoning food; and the like; (M, TA;) or such as sugar and raisins. (A, TA.) Also (assumed tropical:) The parts of a slaughtered beast that are held in mean estimation; such as the legs and the stomach and the liver, and the like of these: pl. as above. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) A mistake, or an error, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) in speech, (M, Msb, K,) in reckoning, (S, M, K,) in writing, (S, M, Mgh, K,) and in action; (Msb;) as also ↓ سِقَاطٌ. (M, K.) [See also ↓ سَقْطَةٌ.] b3: (tropical:) A disgraceful; or shameful, thing; a vice, or fault, or the like. (M, K, TA.) b4: سَقَطُ الكَلَامِ (tropical:) Evil speech. (TA.) سَقْطَةٌ [A fall: or] a violent fall. (M, TA.) b2: (tropical:) A slip, lapse, fault, or wrong action; as also ↓ سِقَاطٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ سَقْطٌ; which last is also used in a pl. sense: (TA:) or the second (سقاط) is pl. of سَقْطَةٌ: (Msb, K:) as sing., it is an inf. n. of سَاقَطَ: (TA:) and سَقْطَةٌ also signifies a bad word or saying, that swerves from rectitude: (TA in art. عور:) its pl., or one of its pls., is سَقَطَاتٌ. (TA.) You say, لَايَخْلُو أَحَدٌ مِنْ سَقْطَةٍ (tropical:) [No one will be free from a slip]. (TA.) And الكَامِلُ مَنْ عُدَّتْ سَقَطَاتُهُ (tropical:) [The perfect is he whose slips are so few that they may be counted]. (TA.) سَقَطِىُّ (Mgh, K) and ↓ سَقَّاطٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) the latter disallowed by some, (Mgh, TA,) but occurring in a trad., (S, Mgh, TA,) A seller of what is worthless, or mean, or vile, of the furniture or utensils of a house or tent, or of household goods; (S, K;) or of the refuse thereof; (Mgh;) of what are termed سَقَطُ المَتَاعِ: (S, Mgh, K:) those who disallow the latter epithet term such a person صَاحِبُ سَقَطِ: (TA:) or ↓ the latter epithet signifies a seller of things of which the sale is held in mean estimation; such as the seeds that are used in cooking, for seasoning food; and the like; which are termed سَقَطٌ. (M.) [See also أَسْقَاطِىٌّ.]

سَقَاطٌ: see سَقَّاطٌ.

سُقَاطٌ: see سَقَطٌ, in two places.

سِقَاطٌ What falls from palm-trees, of unripe dates: (K:) or such are termed سِقَاطُ النَّخْلِ: (M:) سقاط, thus used, may be a sing., or pl. of سَاقِطٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) Dates that are brought from El-Yemámeh by those who journey thither to procure them. (M, K.) b3: See also سَقْطَةٌ: and سَقَطٌ, near the end of the paragraph: b4: and see سِقْطٌ, in two places, near the end of the paragraph.

سَقُوطٌ: see سَاقِطٌ.

سَقِيطٌ Hoar-frost, or rime; i. e. dew that falls and congeals upon the ground; (S, M, K;) also called جَلِيدٌ and ضَرِيبٌ; (S in art. جلد;) of the dial. of Teiyi. (M.) b2: Snow; (S, TA;) as also ↓ سَقْطٌ. (K, TA.) b3: Hail: (K:) or this is called سَقِيطُ السَّحَابِ. (M, TA.) b4: What falls, or has fallen, of dew, (M, K, TA,) upon the ground; (M, TA;) as also ↓ سَقْطٌ. (K, TA.) b5: دُرٌّسَقِيطٌ Scattered pearls. (TA.) And وَرَقٌ سِقَاطٌ [Scattered leaves]: the latter word is pl. of سَقِيطٌ, like as طِوَالٌ is pl. of طَوِيلٌ. (TA.) b6: See also سَاقِطٌ.

A2: A whelp; syn. جِرْوٌ. (TA.) A3: It is also said by some to signify Baked pottery; but the correct word in this sense is with ش. (TA.) سُقَاطَةٌ: see سَقَطٌ, in four places.

سَقِيطَةٌ: see سَاقِطٌ, in two places.

سَقَّاطٌ (S, Sgh, L, K) and ↓ سَقَاطٌ, (K,) or سَقَّاطٌ وَرَآءَ الضَّرِيبَةِ, (M,) A sword that falls behind the object struck therewith, cutting it so as to pass to the ground: (S, K:) or that cuts the object struck therewith, and then reaches to what is after it: (M, K:) or that cleaves so as to reach to the ground after cutting: (IAar, M:) or that passes through the object struck therewith, and then falls. (Expos. of the Deewán of the Hudhalees.) A2: See سَقَطِىٌّ, in two places.

سُقَّيْطٌ i. q. حَبُّ العَزِيزِ [The small tubercles that compose the root of the cyperus esculentus: or that plant itself]. (TA.) سُقَّاطَةٌ [A door-latch;] a thing that is put over the upper part of a door, and that falls upon it, so that it becomes fastened. (TA.) سَاقِطٌ Falling; falling down; dropping; dropping down; tumbling down; as also ↓ سَقُوطٌ; (M, K;) which latter is both masc. and fem. (M, TA.) b2: ↓ سَاقِطَةٌ [its fem., as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] A fruit that falls before maturity: pl. سَوَاقِطُ: which also signifies what falls from palm-trees: or branches that fall; not fruits. (Mgh.) b3: هُوَ سَاقِطٌ فِى يَدِهِ: see مَسْقُوطٌ. b4: لَاقِطَةٌ ↓ لِكُلِّ سَاقِطَةٍ (tropical:) For every saying that falls from one, there is a person who will take it up: (Msb:) or for every word that falls from the mouth of the speaker, there is a person who will hear it and pick it up and publish it: a prov., relating to the guarding of the tongue: (TA:) the ة in لاقطة is either to give intensiveness to the meaning or for the purpose of assimilation. (Msb.) b5: مِنْ حَرٍ ↓ سَوَاقِطُ (tropical:) Fallings of heat. (M, TA.) [See 1, near the end of the paragraph.] b6: سَاقِطٌ also signifies Hanging down; pendent; pendulous: and the pl. is سُقَّاطٌ. (TA.) b7: [And Tottering by reason of age.] Yousay شَيْخٌ سَاقِطٌ كِبَرًا [An old man tottering by reason of age]. (K in art. درهم.) b8: Also (assumed tropical:) Low, ignoble, base, vile, or mean, in respect of the deeds or qualities of his ancestors, and of himself; (S, Mgh;) and so ↓ سَاقِطَةٌ: (S:) or, (assumed tropical:) in respect of the deeds or qualities of his ancestors, and of his race; and so ↓ سَاقِطَةٌ: (TA:) (assumed tropical:) one who is not reckoned among the better, or best, class of young men; as also ↓ سَقْطٌ: (K:) (tropical:) one who is, or remains, behind, or in the rear of, other men: (M, K:) [obscure, unnoted, reputeless, or of no reputation:] pl. سُقَّاطٌ (S, Mgh, TA) and سَقْطَى (S, TA) and سِقَاطٌ, which last is like نِيَامٌ as pl. of نَائِمٌ, and سُقَطَآءُ, [by rule a pl. of سَقِيطٌ, which see in what follows,] and ↓ سَوَاقِطُ [is pl. of سَاقِطَةٌ]. (TA.) The epithets سَاقِطٌ مَاقِطٌ لَاقِطٌ are used together, as signifying (assumed tropical:) Low, ignoble, base, vile, or mean; applied to a man; as is said in the L: or, accord. to the O, [and the S in art. مقط,] the Arabs say, in reviling, فُلَانٌ سَاقِطُ بْنُ مَاقِطِ بْنِ لَاقِطٍ, meaning Such a one is a slave of a slave of a slave of a freedman, son of a slave of a slave of a freedman, son of a slave of a freedman; the ساقط being the slave of the ماقط, and the ماقط being the slave of the لاقط, and the لاقط being the slave of the freedman. (TA.) سُقَّاطُ النَّاسِ signifies, accord. to IAar, (assumed tropical:) The refuse, rabble, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, of mankind, or of people; (TA in art. خشر;) as also النَّاسِ ↓ سَقَطُ, (TA,) and النَّاسِ ↓ أَسْقَاطُ, as being likened to those articles of a tent or house which are termed سَقَطٌ, q. v.: (Lh, M:) and سُقَّاطُ الجُنْدِ (assumed tropical:) Soldiers of whom no account is made. (TA.) ↓ سَاقِطَةٌ, (M, L, TA,) in the K ↓ سَقِيطَةٌ, but this is a mistake, (TA,) or, applied to a man, only used when immediately followed by لَقِيطَةٌ, (TA in art. لقط,) also signifies (assumed tropical:) Deficient in intellect, or intelligence, or understanding; (M, L, K;) as also ↓ سَقِيطٌ; (Ez-Zejjájee, M, L, K;) and ↓ سَقِيطَة is the fem. of the latter; (M, L, TA;) and signifies also, applied to a woman, (assumed tropical:) Low, ignoble, base, vile, or mean, (S, TA,) and stupid. (So in some copies of the S, and in the TA.) You say also, الفِعْلِ ↓ هُوَ سَاقِطَةُ (assumed tropical:) [He is mean in conduct: or one of whose actions no account is made]. (TA.) b9: Also, [as signifying (assumed tropical:) Vile, mean, or paltry,] applied to a thing: (TA in art. لقط:) [a thing] (assumed tropical:) falling short of the due, or just, mean. (M in art. وسط.) b10: سَاقِطُ الشَّدِ (assumed tropical:) A horse that runs interruptedly. (A, TA.) b11: ↓ سَوَاقِطُ (tropical:) Persons who come to El-Yemámeh to bring thence for themselves provisions of dates. (M, K, TA.) b12: And ↓ this last word, (assumed tropical:) Small, low mountains, [as though] cleaving to the ground. (TA.) سَاقِطَةٌ, and its pl. سَوَاقِطُ: see سَاقِطٌ, throughout.

أَسْقَاطِىُّ (assumed tropical:) One who sells the parts of a slaughtered beast that are called سَقَطٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) [See also سَقَطِىٌّّ.]

مِسْقِطٌ (S, M, K) and مَسْقَطٌ, (M, K,) the former extr. [with respect to rule, though the contr. with respect to usage], (M,) and the latter an inf. n. as well as a noun of place [and of time], (S, K,) A place [and a time] of falling, falling down, dropping, dropping down, or tumbling down, (S, M, K,) of a thing; (M, TA;) as, for instance, of a whip, and of rain: pl. مَسَاقِطُ. (TA.) b2: مَسْقِطُ الرَّأْسِ, (K,) and مَسْقَطُهُ, (As,) and المسقط alone, (A, TA,) (tropical:) The place of birth. (K, TA.) You say, هٰذَامَسْقِطُ رَأْسِى (tropical:) This is my birthplace. (S.) And البَصْرَةُ مَسْقَطُ رَأْسِى (tropical:) [El-Basrah is my birth-place]. (M.) And هُوَ يَحِنُّ إِلَىمَسْقِطِهِ (tropical:) He yearns towards his birth-place. (A, TA.) b3: اتَانَا فِى مَسْقِطِ النَّجْمِ (tropical:) He came to us at the time of the setting of the star, or asterism; (S, TA;) [meaning, at the time of the auroral setting of the Pleiades: see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل.] b4: مَسْقِطٌ also signifies The place of the ending of anything. (TA.) See سِقْطٌ, in three places.

مُسْقِطٌ Casting her young one or fœtus; bringing it forth abortively, or in an immature, or imperfect, state, (M, K,) [or dead, but having the form developed, or manifest: see 4.]

هٰذَا الفِعْلُ مَسْقَطَةٌ لَلْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ أَعْيُنِ النَّاسِ (tropical:) [This deed is a cause of a man's falling from the place which he holds in the regard of people]: (S, K: *) said when one does a thing that is not proper for him to do. (TA.) مِسْقَاطٌ Accustomed to cast her young; to bring them forth abortively, or in an immature, or imperfect, state, (K,) [or dead, but having the form developed, or manifest: see 4.]

تَمْرَةٌ مَسْقُوطَةٌ [A fallen date]: some say that this means سَاقِطَةٌ: others, ذَاتُ سُقُوطٍ [having a falling]: it may be from أَسْقَطِهُ; like مَحْمُومٌ from أَحَمَّهُ اللّٰهُ. (TA.) b2: هُوَ مَسْقُوطٌ فِى يَدِهِ (tropical:) He is repenting, and abject; as also فِى ↓ سَاقِطٌ يَدِهِ (TA.) مَشَى مُتَسَاقِطًا (tropical:) [He walked, or went, in a slack, or languid, manner; as though repeatedly stumbling; or as though throwing himself down: see 3, near the end; and see also 6]. (A in art. طرح.)

سوس: ساس: تستعمل بمعنى راض الباز والصقر ودرّبه (كليلة ودمنة ص155) وبمعنى فرجن الحصان وحسه (بوشر). وفي معجم فوك: يسوس الدابة أي يروض الجياد.
ساس ومضارعه يسوس ويسيس: أطرى، أطنب في المدح، تملق دارى (ألكالا).
ساس ومضارعه يسوس ويقال: ساس في أي مهر في، حذق (فوك).
سوَّس (بالتشديد): وقع فيه السوس وهو العثّ (ألكالا) والمصدر: تسويس واسم المفعول مُسوَّس.
سوَّس (بالتشديد): وقع فيه السوس وهو العثّ (ألكالا) والمصدر: تسويس واسم المفعول مُسوَّس.
سوَّس القمح والخشب: ساس، نخر (بوشر).
ضرسة مسوَّسة: ضرس متآكل (دوماس حياة العرب ص425).
سايَسَ: راض، روّض (الكالا).
سايَس فلاناً: هدأه، وأطفأ غضبه، لاطفه (تاريخ البربر 2: 166).
سايَس: دلَّل، عامل برقة (بوشر).
سايس نَفْسَه: تدلّل، راعى صحته، ترفّه (بوشر).
سايَس الأمور: مارسها وزاولها بمهارة (بوشر).
سايَس أموره: تصرف بحكمة وحذر (بوشر).
تسوّس (القمح والخشب): ساس، نخر (بوشر).
ساس: (قبطية) وتعنى بمصر مُشاقة الكتان (دي ساسي عبد اللطيف ص151، 566، 567، ألف ليلة 2: 243).
ساس: اسم شجرة أصولها مرة (دوماس حياة العرب ص381).
سوس، واحدته سوسة: عث يقع في الخشب والحبوب فيأكلها (بوشر).
سُوس: مرض في الأسنان يجعلها سوداً (ألكالا).
سُوسَة: تسويس، نخاريب السوس، الثقوب التي يتركها السوس في الخشب (بوشر) سوسة النبات: يرقان، خرّم الحنطة وهو مرض جرثومي.
سوسة: هوس، يقال: له سوسة في الخيل: نزوة (بوشر).
سوسي: نسيج من الكتاب مشهور ينسج في سوس من بلاد تونس على شاطئ البحر. ويستعمل خاصة للعمائم (الملابس ص317 - رقم 48 ياقوت 3: 191). وفي الحلل (ص9 ق): مائة عمامة مقصورة وأربعمائة من السوس. وسوس مشهورة اليون بصنع البرانس (كاريت جغرافية ص217).
وفي صفة مصر (17: 217): سُوسيَّة قماش غليظ تصنع منه أغطية الحشايا والخيام.
سيسانيات (وهذا صواب كتابة الكلمة) وهي في مصر نوع من صغار الكُدَيش يركبها الأطفال (عوادة ص457).
سَئوس: ماهر، أريب (فوك).
سياسة: شرطة (فوك).
سياسة: إدارة المملكة ومعاملة الدول، وتدبير الأمور بحكمة ومهارة (بوشر، المعّري 2: 60) حيث عليك أن تقرأ والسياسة وفقاً للمخطوطات وطبعة بولاق.
بالسياسة: مهلاً، بهدوء (رولاند).
سياسة صحَّة الأبدان: علم الصحّة (بوشر).
السياسة المَدَنِيّة: النظام المدني عند الفلاسفة وهو نظام يطبق في المدينة الفاضلة والجمهورية المثالية حيث يسود الحب والوفاق بين الناس فلا يحتاجون إلى سلطان إذ أن كل فرد منهم قد بلغ الكمال الذي يمكن أن يبلغه إنسان (دي سلان على المقدمة 2: 127).
عارف بامور السياسة ومتبحر في علم الأمور السياسية أيضاً: عالم بالجنايات (بوشر) ولتفسير هذا المعنى لابد أن تعرف أن الكلمة العربية سياسة ومعناها تدبير وإدارة قد أصبحت عند الفرس تدل على العقوبة التي تفرضها الشريعة (انظر مونج ص48)، ولنذكر كلام كاترمير (مونج ص45) فهو يقول: ((كانت الشدة ولا نقول القسوة المبدأ الأساسي دائماً في تدبير الأمور عند المشارقة، فالكلمة التي تعنى الإدارة قد اتحدت مع الكلمة التي تعنى قوة وشدة تتخذها الحكومة وهي جوهر فن إدارة الناس.
السياسة المدنية: القانون المعمول به، مقابل الشريعة وهذه الكلمة لا تزال في (عوادي) حسب ما يقول بارت (3: 524) وهي التي يعينها المقريزي (دي ساسي طرائف 2: 58) وانظر بخاصة (ص63) حيث تذكر الشريعة. إذ يقول هذا المؤلف إن السياسة بهذا المعنى ليست إلا تحريف الكلمة المنغولية ياسا التي تعني مجموعة القوانين التي شرعها جنكيز خان للمغول، وهو يفسر بإسهاب كيف أن هذه الكلمة دخلت مصر. وأرى إنه مصيب في ذلك، وإذا ما وجد شيء من التناقض عند كاترمير (مونج ص44) فذلك لأن هذا العالم الكبير فيما أرى لم يفهم معنى كلمة سياسة التي عند المقريزي وهي تعنى القانون العام.
وبين العبارات التي نقلها كاترمير بعض العبارات التي تؤكد أن كلمة سياسة بمصر ترادف كلمة ياسا عند المغول كما هي عند ابن اياس الذي يقول كما يقول كاترمير إن أبناء السياسة تعنى أبناء الياسا أي الحكام الذين استقروا بالقاهرة في المحلة المسماة بالحسينية.
سِيَاسي: محترف السياسة (بوشر).
سِياسِي: جنائي (بوشر) وانظرها أيضاً في سياسة سَوَّاس: بائع شراب عرق السوس.
سائِس وجمعها سُيَّاسي (انظر فريتاج) وهي أيضاً في معجم بوشر. وفي محيط المحيط أنها الكلمة المشهورة.
سائِس: نقرأ في صفة مصر 18، قسم 1: 51) أن كلمة سائس تعنى حلقات عريضة من الفضة تزين بها النساء أصابعهن. وأرى أن هذا خطأ والصواب مسائس (انظر هذه الكلمة في حرف الميم).

سوس

1 سَاسَ الدَّوَابَّ, aor. ـُ (A, Mgh,) inf. n. سِيَاسَةٌ, (TA,) He managed, or tended, the beasts, (قَامَ عَلَيْهَا,) and trained them. (Mgh, TA.) [and سَاسَ المَالَ He managed, or tended, the camels or other property. See سَائِسٌ.] b2: Hence, (Mgh,) سَاسَ الرَّعِيَّةَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (S, A, * Mgh, K, &c.,) (tropical:) He ruled, or governed, the subjects; presided over their affairs as a commander, or governor, or the like; (S, * Mgh;) he commanded and forbade them. (A, K.) and سَاسُوهُمْ, inf. n. سَوْسٌ, (tropical:) They were, or became, heads, chiefs, commanders, or the like, over them. (TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ مُجَرَّبٌ قَدْسَاسَ وَسِيسَ عَلَيْهِ (S, K) (tropical:) [Such a one is experienced: he has ruled and been ruled: or] he has commanded and been commanded: (S:) or he has taught and been taught; or has disciplined and been disciplined. (K.) b3: سَاسَ الأَمْرَ, aor. as above, inf. n. سِيَاسَةٌ, (tropical:) He managed, conducted, ordered, or regulated, the affair; syn. دبّرهُ, (Msb,) and قَامَ بِهِ: (M, Msb, TA:) سِيَاسَةٌ signifies the managing a thing (قِيَامٌ عَلَى شَىْءٍ) in such a manner as to put it in a right, or proper, state. (TA.) [Used as a simple subst., the inf. n. may be rendered Management, rule, government, or governance.]

A2: سَاسَ, (S, M, A, K,) aor. ـَ (S, M, K,) and يَسُوسُ, (Kr, M,) inf. n. سَوَسٌ, (M,) or سَوْسٌ; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) and سَوِسَ, aor. ـْ (K, TA; but the aor. is omitted in the CK;) or ـس aor. ـُ inf. n. سَوْسٌ and سَاسٌ; and سَاسَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. سَوَسٌ; (Msb;) and سِيسَ; (Yoo, K;) and ↓ أَسَاسَ; and ↓ سَوَّسَ; (S, M, A, Msb, K; but the last is omitted in the TA;) and ↓ استاس; and ↓ تسوّس; (M, TA;) It (wheat, or other food, [&c.,]) had in it, or became attacked by, [the grub called] سُوس; [the grub called]

سُوس fell upon it, or into it. (S, M, * A, * Msb, K, * TA.) One says also, سَاسَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. سِيَاسٌ; and ↓ اساست; [The tree had in it, or became attacked by, the grub called سُوس.] (AHn, M, TA. *) And سَاسَتِ الشَّاْةُ, aor. ـَ (S, M, K,) inf. n. سَوْسٌ, (S, K,) or سَوَسٌ; (M;) and ↓ اساست, (S, M, K,) inf. n. اسَاسَةٌ; (TA;) The sheep, or goat, abounded with قمل. (Az, S, M, K. [In a copy of the S and in one of the K, I find قُمل: in another of the S and another of the K, and in the CK, and in a copy of the M, قَمْل: the right reading apears to be قُمَّل; for this last word is said by some to be syn. with سُوس.]) You also say, when you are gradually perishing by reason of grief, (إِذَا تَهَالَكْتَ غَمًّا,) عَظْمِى وَدَوَّدَ لَحْمِى ↓ سَوَّسَ (tropical:) [My bone has bred grubs, and so my flesh]. (A.) b2: سَوِسَتِ الدَّابَّةُ, inf. n. سَوَسٌ, The beast was attacked by the disease termed سَوَسٌ [q. v. infrà]. (TK.) 2 سَوَّسُوهُ (tropical:) They made him, or appointed him, ruler, or governor, over them; (M, * TA;) as also ↓ اساسوهُ. (TA.) b2: سُوِّسَ الرَّجُلُ أُمُورَ النَّاسِ, (S, K,) or أَمْرَ النَّاسِ, (as in the TA,) or أَمْرَ قَوْمِهِ, (A,) (tropical:) The man was made ruler of the affairs of the people; (S;) [or of the affairs of his people, accord. as the phrase is given in the A:] or was made king. (K.) Accord. to a relation of a verse of El-Hotei-ah, he uses the expression سَوَّسْتَ

أمْرَ بَنِيكَ [as though meaning Thou hast ruled the affairs of thy sons]; but Fr says that سَوَّسْتَ is a mistake. (S. [Thus I find it in one copy of the S: but in another copy of the S, I find سَوَّسْتِ, which is clearly wrong; and in the TA, سُوِّسْتَ, which Fr can hardly be supposed to have disallowed.]) b3: سَوَّسَ لَهُ أَمْرًا (assumed tropical:) He made an affair easy to him; syn. رُوَّضَهُ and ذَلَّلَهُ. (TA.) You say, سَوَّسَ فُلَانٌ لَهُ أَمْرًا فَرَكِبَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one made an affair easy to him, or, perhaps, commended it to him by making it seem easy, and so he embarked in it, or undertook it]: like as you say, سَوَّلَ لَهُ, and زَيَّنَ لَهُ. (Az, K. *) b4: سوّس المَرْأَةَ He slit the vulva of the woman. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in two places.4 أَسْوَسَ see 2: A2: and see 1, in three places.5 تَسَوَّسَ see 1.8 إِسْتَوَسَ see 1.

سَاسٌ: see سُوسٌ. b2: Also A canker, or corrosion, (قَادِحٌ,) in a tooth: (Az, K:) without and without teshdeed. (Az.) A2: And A tooth that has been eaten, or corroded: (L, K, * TA:) originally سَائِسٌ; like هَارٌ and هَائِرٌ. (K.) b2: See also مَسُوسٌ, in two places.

سُوسٌ [The grub, or larva of the phalæna tinea and of the curculio; i. e. the moth-worm and the weevil;] the kind of worm that attacks wool (S, A, K) and cloths (TA) and wheat or other food: (S, TA:) and with ة, [a n. un.,] i. q. عُثَّةٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ سَاسٌ; (TA;) i. e., a worm that attacks wool and cloths (Mgh, Msb) and wheat or other food: (Mgh:) and سُوسٌ, the kind of worm (M, Msb) called عُثٌّ, (M,) that eats grain (M, Msb) and wood: (Msb:) n. un. with ة: (M, Msb:) and any eater of a thing is termed سُوسُهُ, whether worm or other thing. (M.) One says, العِيَالُ سُوسُ المَالِ (assumed tropical:) [The persons who compose a household are the grubs of property]: i. e., they consume it by little and little like as سُوس consume grain, which can scarcely be cleared of them when they attack it. (Msb.) A2: [The licoriceplant; so called in the present day;] a kind of tree, (AHn, M, K,) or plant, (Mgh,) well known, (Mgh, K,) with which houses are covered above the roofs, (AHn, M, Mgh,) the expressed juice of which is an ingredient in medicine, (AHn, M,) the leaves of which are put into [the beverage called] نَبِيذ, and make it strong like [the strong drink called] دَاذِىّ, (Mgh,) in the roots of which is sweetness (AHn, M, K) intense in degree, (AHn, M,) and in its branches is bitterness, (AHn, M, K,) and it abounds in the countries of the Arabs: (AHn, M:) or a kind of tree that grows in leaves without twigs: (M:) or a certain herb resembling [the species of trefoil called]

قَتّ. (TA.) [The root is vulgarly called, in the present day, عِرْق سُوس: and so is a strong infusion prepared from it, which is a very pleasant drink: and its inspissated juice is called رُبّ السُّوس.]

A3: Nature; natural disposition: (S, M, A, K:) and origin. (S, A, K.) One says, الفَصَاحَةُ مِنْ سُوسِهِ (S, M) Chasteness of speech, or eloquence, is [a quality] of his nature. (S.) and الكَرَمُ مِنْ سُوسِهِ (Lh, M, A) Generosity is [a quality] of his nature. (A.) And فُلَانٌ مِنْ سُوسِ صِدْقٍ Such a one is of good origin. (S.) سَوَسٌ A certain disease in the rump of a horse or similar beast, (M, K, TA,) between the hip and the thigh, occasioning, as its result, weakness of the kind leg: (TA:) or a disease that attacks the beast in its legs. (M.) [See 1, last sentence.]

سَوَاسٌ A certain kind of tree: n. un. with ة: (M, K:) AHn says, (M, TA,) on the authority of Aboo-Ziyád, (TA,) it is of the kind called عِضَاه, resembling the مَرْخ, having a pericarp like that of the مرخ, (M, TA,) without thorns and without leaves, growing high; and persons shade themselves beneath it; one of the Arabs said that it is the same that is called ↓ سَوَاسٍ (written with the article السَّوَاسِى); and AHn says, I asked him respecting it, and he said that this and the مَرْخ and the مَنْح all three resemble one another; (M;) and it is one of the best of materials used for producing fire, (Lth, * M, K, *) not giving a sound without emitting fire, (M,) or because it seldom gives a sound without emitting fire. (Lth, TA.) سُوَاسٌ A certain disease in the necks of horses, rendering them rigid, (ISh, K, TA,) so that they die. (ISh, TA.) سَوَاسٍ (with the article السَّوَاسِى): see سَوَاسٌ.

A2: And for the same word, and سَوَاسِوَةٌ and سَوَاسِيَةٌ: see art. سوى.

سَائِسٌ [A groom, who has the care and management of a horse or horses or the like;] one who manages, or tends, beasts or horses or the like, and trains them: (TA:) pl. سَاسَةٌ and سُوَّاسٌ. (A.) And سَائِسُ مَالٍ [A manager, or tender, of camels or cattle or other property]. (K in art. ازى, &c.) b2: [And hence,] (tropical:) A manager, a conductor, an orderer, or a regulater, of affairs: pl. as above. (M, TA.) أَسْوَسُ A beast having the disease termed سَوَسٌ. (K.) [Freytag, misled by an ambiguity in the K, assigns to it a signification belonging to سَوَسٌ.]

A2: Also, [or أَسْوَسٌ, unless originally an epithet,] A kind of stone upon which is generated the salt called زَهْرَةُ أَسْوَس: the author of the “ Minháj ”

says that this may be caused by the moisture and dew of the sea falling upon it. (TA in art. سيس.) طَعَامٌ مَسُوسٌ and ↓ مُسَوَّسٌ, (TA,) or ↓ مُسَوِّسٌ, [which is app. the more correct,] (S,) and ↓ سَاسٌ, (M,) Wheat, or other food, attacked by [the grub called] سُوس: (M, TA:) and ↓ حِنْطَةٌ مُسَوِّسَةٌ wheat so attacked. (Mgh.) And أَرْضٌ مَسُوسَةٌ and ↓ سَاسَةٌ [Land attacked by such grubs], (M, TA,) in like manner. (TA.) And ↓ شَجَرَةٌ مُسِيسٌ [or مُسِيسَةٌ A tree containing, or attacked by, such grubs]. (TA.) And ↓ شَاةٌ مُسِيسٌ, (M,) or مُسِيسَةٌ, (TA,) A sheep, or goat, abounding with قمل [i. e. قُمَّل: see 1, near the end of the paragraph]. (M, TA.) مُسِيسٌ: see مَسُوسٌ, in two places.

مُسَوَّسٌ and مُسَوِّسٌ: see مَسُوسٌ, in three places.

سبر

1 سَبَرَ الجُرْحَ, (S, M, A, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb) and سَبِرَ, (M, TA,) inf. n. سَبْرٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ استبرهُ; (K;) He probed the wound; measured its depth with the مِسْبَار, i. e., with an iron or other instrument; (A, Mgh:) tried, (K,) or examined, (S,) or endeavoured to learn, (Msb,) its depth; (S, Msb, K;) examined its extent. (M.) b2: سَبَرَهُ (assumed tropical:) He determined, or computed by conjecture or by the eye, its measure, quantity, size, or bulk. (M, K, * TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) He tried, proved, or tested, it; proved it by experiment or experience; (S, M, TA;) namely, anything; as also ↓ استبرهُ. (S.) b4: (assumed tropical:) He elicited its true, or real, condition. (TA.) b5: It is related in the trad. of the cave, that Aboo-Bekr said to Mohammad, لَا تَدْخُلْهُ حَتَّى أَسْبُرَهُ قَبْلَكَ (assumed tropical:) Do not thou enter it until I explore it before thee, and see if there be in it any one, or anything that may hurt. (TA.) b6: مَفَازَةٌ لَا تُسْبَرُ (tropical:) A desert of which the extent cannot be known. (A.) b7: سَبَرْتُ فُلَانًا (tropical:) [I searched into such a one]. (A.) — فُيهِ خَيْرٌ كَثِيرٌ لَا يُسْبَرُ (tropical:) [In him is much good, the extent of which cannot be known]. (A.) b8: أَمْرٌ عَظِيمٌ لَا يُسْبَرُ (tropical:) [A great affair, of which the uttermost cannot be known]. (A.) b9: اُسْبُرْ لِى مَا عِنْدَهُ (assumed tropical:) Learn thou for me what he has [in his mind, or in his possession]. (M.) b10: سَبَرْتُ القَوْمَ, aor. ـُ and سَبِرَ, inf. n. سَبْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) I observed the people attentively, with investigation, one after another, that I might know their number. (Msb.) 8 إِسْتَبَرَ see 1, in two places.

سَبْرٌ: see سِبْرٌ.

A2: Also The lion. (El-Mu- ärrij, K.) سِبْرٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ سَبْرٌ (M, K) The source, or origin, [of a thing,] syn. أَصْلٌ: (M, K:) pl. of both أَسْبَارٌ. (M.) b2: (tropical:) Form, or appearance; figure, feature, or lineaments; external state or condition; state with regard to apparel and the like; (S, M, K;) or goodly form or appearance &c.; (K;) aspect; garb, or habit; (TA;) colour, or complexion; (M, K;) beauty; (K;) brightness of countenance: (M:) pl. of both as above. (M.) b3: IAar says, I heard Aboo-Ziyád El-Kilábee say, I returned from Marw to the desert, and one of its people said to me, أَمَّا السِّبْرُ فَحَضَرِىٌّ وَأَمَّا اللِّسَانُ فَبَدَوِىٌّ (tropical:) As to garb and appearance, [thou art like] an inhabitant of a town; but as to tongue, an inhabitant of the desert. (S, * TA.) b4: You say, فُلَانٌ حَسَنُ الحِبْرِ وَالسِّبْرِ (tropical:) Such a one is beautiful and of goodly appearance. (S.) [See also حِبْرٌ.] b5: A woman of the desert said, أَعْجَبَنِى سِبْرُ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) The good condition, and flourishing state of body, of such a one pleased me: and رَأَيْتُهُ سَيِّئَ السِّبْرِ (tropical:) I saw him to have an altered and ill appearance of body: thus she assigned to سبر two significations. (TA.) b6: One says also, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ السِّبْرِ (tropical:) Verily he is goodly in complexion and appearance. (TA.) b7: سِبْرٌ also signifies (tropical:) A characteristic by which one knows the generousness or ungenerousness of a beast. (Az, M.) b8: And (assumed tropical:) One's knowledge of the fruitfulness or unfruitfulness [or the good or bad condition] of a beast. (Az, TA.) b9: Also (assumed tropical:) Likeness; syn. شَبَهٌ. (K, TA. [In some copies of the K, سُبَّةٌ, which is an evident mistake.]) So in the phrase, occurring in a trad., غَلَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ سِبْرُ أَبِى بَكْرٍ (assumed tropical:) The likeness (شَبَه) of Aboo-Bekr predominated in them. (IAar, TA.) One says also, عَرَفَهُ بِسِبْرِ أَبِيهِ (assumed tropical:) He knew him by the appearance and likeness of his father. (TA.) b10: Also the former (سِبْرٌ), Enmity, (K,) accord. to El-Muärrij; but Az says that this is strange. (TA.) سَبْرَةٌ A cold morning, between daybreak and sunrise: (S, M, A, Mgh, K:) or from the time a little before daybreak to daybreak: or from daybreak to sunrise: (M:) or a cold morning during the period next after sunrise: (Msb:) pl. سَبَرَاتٌ: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) which latter is also expl. as signifying the intenseness of the cold of winter, and of the year. (TA.) سُبْرُتٌ and سِبْرَاتٌ and سُبْرُوتٌ and سِبْرِيتٌ: &c.: see art. سبرت.

سُبْرُورٌ Poor; (K, TA;) possessing no property: like سُبْرُوتٌ, in this sense, and in that following. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) Land in which is no herbage. (K, TA.) سِبَارٌ and ↓ مِسْبَارٌ A probe; an instrument with which a wound is probed; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ مِسْبَرٌ: (Ham p. 818:) a twist like a wick, (T, Msb,) or a similar thing, (Msb,) which is put into a wound (T, Msb) to ascertain its depth; (Msb;) an iron or other instrument with which the depth of a wound is measured: (A, Mgh:) pl. of the first, سُبُرٌ; and of ↓ the second, مَسَابِيرُ. (Msb.) It is said in a prov., مَا عُرِفَ ↓ لَوْ لَا المِسْبَارُ غَوْرُ الجُرْحِ [Were it not for the probe, the depth of the wound would not be known]. (A.) And ↓ بَعِيدُ المِسْبَارِ is applied as an epithet to a woman's vulva [or vagina, in an obvious sense,] by Ibn-Habeeb: and accord. to the K, to a woman [in allusion to her vagina]. (TA in art. خجى.) سَبَارٍ an irreg. pl. of سُبْرُوتٌ: see the latter in art. سبرت.

سَابِرِىٌّ A coat of mail made of slender rings, and strongly: (K:) so called in relation to the king Sáboor. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) or from Sáboor, a province of Persia, (Mgh, Msb,) A thin, or delicate, kind of garment or cloth, (IDrd, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) of excellent quality: (K:) and anything thin, or delicate. (M.) Whence the prov., عَرْضٌ سَابِرِيٌّ (S, M, * K *) A slight exhibition: (M:) [see variations of this phrase in art. عرض, under عَرَضَ الشَّىْءَ:] said to him to whom a thing is shown in a slight manner: (S:) because the garment or cloth called سابرىّ, (S, K,) being of the best of qualities, (S,) is desired when exhibited in the slightest manner. (S, K. [See the first paragraph in art. عرض; and see also عَرَضَ عَلَىَّ سَوْمَ عَالَّةٍ in the first paragraph of art. سوم.]) b3: A certain sort of dates, (S, Msb, K,) of good quality. (Msb, K.) It is said that the best of the dates in El-Koofeh are the نِرْسِيَان and the سابرىّ. (S.) b4: نَخْلَةٌ سَابِرِيَّةٌ A palmtree of which the unripe dates are yellow and somewhat long. (AHát, Msb.) مَسْبَرٌ (assumed tropical:) [The internal state or condition of a man]. You say, حَمَدْتُ مَسْبَرَهُ and مَخَبَرَهُ (assumed tropical:) [I praised his internal state or condition]: (S:) and ↓ مَسْبَرَةٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The internal state or condition; an internal, or intrinsic, quality; or the intrinsic, or real, as opposed to the apparent, state, or aspect. (TA.) مِسْبَرٌ: see سِبَارٌ.

مَسْبَرَةٌ The utmost point of a wound. (M.) b2: See also مَسْبَرٌ.

مِسْبَارٌ: see سِبَارٌ, in four places. b2: It may also be applied to (assumed tropical:) A man who probes a wound. (Ham p. 818.) مَسْبُورٌ Goodly in form or appearance; in figure, feature, or lineaments; in external state or condition; in state of apparel or the like. (K, TA.)