دبــغ

1 دَبَــغَ الإِهَابَ, (S, K,) or الجِلْدَ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ and دَبَــغَ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and دَبْــغٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. دَبْــغٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and دِبَــاغٌ (S, Mgh, K) and دِبَــاغَةٌ, (S, K,) or the last is a subst. sometimes used as an inf. n., (Msb,) He tanned the hide, or skin; i. e., prepared it, or made it fit for use, and softened it, or made it pliable, with قَرَظ [q. v.] and the like. (TA.) It is said in a trad., دِبَــاغُهَا طَهُورُهَا [The tanning thereof is the means of purification thereof]. (S, TA.) b2: See also دَبُــوغٌ.7 انــدبــغ It (a hide, or skin,) was, or became, tanned; i. e., prepared, &c., with قَرَظ and the like; (TA;) quasi-pass. of 1. (S, Msb, K, TA.) جِلْدُ الخِنْزِيرِ لَا يَنْــدَبِــغُ [The skin of the pig will not become tanned] is a prov., said of him whom good advice will not profit. (TA.) دِبْــغٌ: see دِبَــاغٌ.

دَبْــغَةٌ [in one of my copies of the S written دَبْــغ] A single act of tanning. (S, * TA.) دِبْــغَةٌ: see what next follows.

دِبَــاغٌ Tan; [tanning-liquor, or ooze;] that with which one tans, (S, * Mgh, * Msb, * K, * TA,) i. e., prepares, or makes fit for use, and softens, or makes pliable, a hide, or skin, consisting of قَرَظ [q. v.] and the like; (TA;) as also ↓ دِبْــغٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ دِبْــغَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ دِبَــاغَةٌ. (AHn, TA.) One says, الجِلْدُ فِى الــدِّبَــاغِ [The skin is in the tan, or tanning-liquor]. (S.) And نَقَعَهُ فِى الــدِّبَــاغِ [He soaked it in the tanning-liquor]. (K in art. منأ.) b2: [Hence,] دِبَــاغٌ لِلْمَعِدَةِ [app. A stomachic]. (Lth and M and Msb voce طُرْثُوثٌ, q. v.) A2: Also an inf. n. of 1. (S, Mgh, K.) دَبُــوغٌ (tropical:) Rain that puts the earth into a good state, and softens it, (الأَرْضَ ↓ يَــدْبُــغُ,) by its water. (IDrd, K, TA.) دَبِــيغٌ, applied to a hide, i. q. ↓ مَــدْبُــوغٌ [i. e. Tanned]. (K.) دِبَــاغَةٌ The craft of the دَبَّــاغ [or tanner]. (Msb, K, TA.) b2: Also an inf. n. of 1, (S, K,) or a subst. sometimes used as an inf. n. of 1. (Msb.) A2: See also دِبَــاغٌ.

دَبَّــاغٌ A tanner. (Msb, * K, * TA.) دَابُوغٌ Anguria, or water-melon; in Pers\.

هِنْدُوَانَهْ (KL.) مَــدْبَــغَةٌ and مَــدْبُــغَةٌ A place where hides, or skins, are tanned. (T, * Msb, * K, * TA.) [Hence,] one says, هٰذَا البَلَدُ مَــدْبَــغَةُ الرِّجَالِ (tropical:) [This country is the place where men are tanned by the sun]. (TA.) b2: Also, the former, Skins put into the دِبَــاغ [or tanning-liquor]: (Sgh, K:) or of which the tanning has been commenced: (Az, TA:) as though made a pl., (Sgh, TA,) like مَشْيَخَةٌ as syn. with مَشَائِخُ. (Sgh, K.) أُدُمٌ مُــدَّبَــغَةٌ [app. Hides, or skins, much tanned]. (TA.) مَــدْبُــوغٌ: see دَبِــيغٌ. b2: [Hence,] هٰذَا كَلَامٌ غَيْرُ مَــدْبُــوغٍ (tropical:) This is speech in which nothing is meant. (TA.)

جردب

Q. 1 جَرْــدَبَ [from جَرْــدَبَــانُ] He put his hand upon the food (K, TA) that was before him on the table, (TA,) in order that no other person might take it: (K, TA:) or he ate with his right hand, and prevented [others from eating] with his left hand: (IAar, K:) also, (K,) or جردب عَلَى الطَّعَامِ, (TA,) he ate greedily, gluttonously, or voraciously: (K, TA:) or جردب فِى الطَّعَامِ he put his left hand upon food that was before him on the table, in order that no other person might take it; as also جَرْدَمَ: (Yaakoob, S:) or جردب مَا فِى الإِنَآءِ he ate, and made an end of, devoured, or consumed, what was in the vessel; as also جردم [q. v.]. (Sh, TA.) جَرْــدَبِــىٌّ: see what next follows, in two places.

جَرْــدَبَــانٌ, an arabicized word, (S, K,) from the Persian, (S,) originally گِرْدَهْ بَانْ “guardian of the cake of bread,” (S, K,) and جُرْــدُبَــانٌ and ↓ جَرْــدَبِــىٌّ and ↓ مُجَرْــدِبٌ, (K,) One who puts his hand, (K,) or who puts his left hand, (S,) upon food, (K,) or upon a thing that is before him on the table, (S,) in order that no other person may take it: (S, K:) or who eats with his right hand, and prevents [others from eating] with his left hand: and one who eats greedily, gluttonously, or voraciously: or the first and ↓ third signify, (K, TA,) or signify also, (tropical:) a spunger; (K, TA;) because of his greediness, gluttony, or voraciousness, and his boldness. (TA.) A poet says, (namely, ElGhanawee, TA voce جَرْــدَبِــيلٌ,) إِذَا مَا كُنْتَ فِى قَوْمٍ شَهَاوَى

فَلَا تَجْعَلْ شِمَالَكَ جَرْــدَبَــانَا [When thou art among a greedy company of men, put not thy left hand upon the food as a جردبــان]: (Fr, S:) or the last word is جَرْــدَبِــيلَا, meaning, (accord. to Sh, as also جَرْــدَبَــان, TA voce جردبــيل,) one that takes a fragment [of food] with his left hand, and eats with his right hand, and, when what the party have is consumed, eats what is in his left hand. (TA.) مُجَرْــدِبٌ: see جَرْــدَبَــانٌ.

علم الأدب
هو علم يحترز به عن الخطأ في كلام العرب: لفظا، وخطا.
قال المولى أبو الخير: اعلم: أن فائدة التخاطب والمحاورات في إفادة العلوم واستفادتها، لما لم تتبين للطالبين إلا بالألفاظ وأحوالها، كان ضبط أحوالها مما اعتنى به العلماء، فاستخرجوا من أحوالها علوما انقسم أنواعها إلى اثني عشر قسما، وسموها: (بالعلوم الأدبــية)، لتوقف أدب الدرس عليها بالذات، وأدب النفس بالواسطة وبالعلوم العربية أيضا، لبحثهم عن الألفاظ العربية فقط، لوقوع شريعتنا التي هي أحسن الشرائع، وأولاها على أفضل اللغات، وأكملها ذوقا ووجدانا. انتهى.
واختلفوا في أقسامه.
فذكر ابن الأنباري في بعض تصانيفه أنها ثمانية.
وقسم الزمخشري في (القسطاس) إلى: اثني عشر قسما.
كما أورده العلامة الجرجاني في (شرح المفتاح).
وذكر القاضي: زكريا، في (حاشية البيضاوي) : أنها أربعة عشر، وعد منها: علم القراءات.
قال: وقد جمعت حدودها في مصنف، سميته: (اللؤلؤ النظيم، في روم التعلم والتعليم).
لكن يرد عليه: أن موضوع العلوم الأدبــية: كلام العرب، وموضوع القراءات: كلام الله.
ثم إن السيد والسعد: تنازعا في الاشتقاق، هل هو مستقل كما يقوله السيد؟ أو من تتمة علم التصريف كما يقوله السعد؟
وجعل السيد البديع من تتمة البيان.
والحق: ما قال السيد في (الاشتقاق)، لتغاير الموضوع بالحيثية المعتبرة.
وللعلامة، الحفيد، مناقشة في التعريف والتقسيم، أوردها في موضوعاته، حيث قال: وأما علم الأدب فعلم يحترز به عن الخلل في كلام العرب لفظا أو كتابة.
وهاهنا بحثان:
الأول: أن كلام العرب بظاهره لا يتناول القرآن، وبعلم الأدب يحترز عن خلله أيضا، إلا أن يقال المراد بكلام العرب: كلام يتكلم العرب على أسلوبه.
الثاني: أن السيد - رحمه الله تعالى - قال: لعلم الأدب أصول وفروع:
أما الأصول: فالبحث فيها، إما عن: المفردات من حيث جواهرها، وموادها، وهيئاتها، فعلم اللغة.
أو من حيث: صورها وهيئاتها فقط، فعلم الصرف.
أو من حيث: انتساب بعضها ببعض بالأصالة والفرعية، فعلم الاشتقاق.
وأما عن المركبات على الإطلاق، فإما باعتبار هيئاتها التركيبية وتأديتها لمعانيها الأصلية، فعلم النحو.
وأما باعتبار إفادتها لمعان مغايرة لأصل المعنى، فعلم المعاني.
وأما باعتبار كيفية تلك الإفادة في مراتب الوضوح، فعلم البيان.
وعلم البديع، ذيل لعلمي: المعاني والبيان، داخل تحتهما.
وأما عن المركبات الموزونة، فإما من حيث: وزنها، فعلم العروض.
أو من حيث: أواخرها، فعلم القوافي.
وأما الفروع: فالبحث فيها، إما أن يتعلق بنقوش الكتابة، فعلم الخط.
أو يختص بالمنظوم، فالعلم المسمى: (بقرض الشعر). أو بالنثر، فعلم الإنشاء.
أو لا يختص بشيء، فعلم المحاضرات، ومنه: التواريخ.
قال الحفيد: هذا منظور فيه.
فأورد النظر بثمانية أوجه، حاصلها: أنه يدخل بعض العلوم في المقسم دون الأقسام، ويخرج بعضها منه مع أنه مذكور فيه، وإن جعل التاريخ واللغة علما مدونا لمشكل، إذ ليس مسائل كلية، وجواب الأخير مذكور فيه، ويمكن الجواب عن الجميع أيضا بعد التأمل الصادق.

خــدب

1 خَــدَبَــهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خَــدْبٌ, (TA,) He smote him with a sword: (S, K:) or he cut him: (Az:) or he smote him with a sword, cutting the flesh, without cutting the bone: (T, K:) or he smote him on the head, (JK, K, * TA,) and the like, (JK, TA,) with a sword. (JK.) b2: خَــدْبٌ signifies also The act of rending, or cutting open, the skin and the flesh together, (JK, S, TA.) with the canine tooth. (JK, TA.) b3: And The act of biting. (K.) You say, خَــدَبَــتْهُ الحَيَّةُ The serpent bit him. (S.) b4: and The act of lying, or saying what is untrue. (K.) You say, خَــدَبَ He lied. (JK, S.) b5: And The act of milking much. (K.) 5 تخــدّب He went a middling pace. (As, K.) خَــدَبٌ Stupidity; (JK;) i. q. هَوَجٌ [which means the same; or tallness combined with stupidity; &c.]: (S, K:) and [simply] tallness, or length; (S, * K, TA;) as also ↓ خُــدْبَــةٌ. (TA.) One says, كَانَ بِنَعَامَةَ خَــدَبٌ There was, in Na'ámeh, هَوَج [i. e. stupidity, &c.]: (S, TA:) Na'ámeh being the surname of Beyhes, (TA,) who became the subject of a prov. respecting the taking of blood-revenge: (K in art. بهس:) Beyhes El-Fezáree, surnamed En-Na'ámeh, [or simply Na'ámeh,] was one of seven brothers, who were slain [in a case of blood-revenge], except himself; he being left because of his stupidity; for which he became proverbial. (TA in art. بهس.) One says also, فِى لِسَانِهِ [He is long-tongued; lit.] in his tongue is length. (S.) b2: Also The act of making haste. (KL.) خَــدِبٌ Cutting; or sharp: (IAar, K:) applied to a sword, and a spear-head, and a dog-tooth. (IAar.) A2: See also أَخْــدَبُ, in three places.

خُــدْبَــةٌ: see خَــدَبٌ.

وَقَعُوا فِى وَادِى خَــدِبَــاتٍ [They fell into the valley of Khadibát]: a prov., applied to a man who falls into perdition; or to one who misses the object of his aim, or pursuit: (As, K: *) see, respecting it, [جَذَبَات, in] art. جذب. (TA.) خَــدِبٌّ An old man. (A, K.) Great, big, or bulky; (S, A, K;) applied to a man, (S,) or to an ostrich, &c.; (K;) fem. with ة, applied to a girl: (S:) great, and thick or coarse or rude [in make]: (TA:) big in the sides: (Ham p. 439:) big and strong; applied to an old man: (JK:) a man, and a camel, perfect and strong in make: (A:) a camel strong and hardy (A, K, TA) and big. (TA.) خَادِبَــةٌ, (JK, TA,) or شَجَّةٌ خَادِبَــةٌ, (TA,) A severe wound breaking the head. (JK, TA.) خَيْــدَبٌ, (S, K,) or ↓ خَيْــدَبَــةٌ, (JK,) A conspicuous road: (JK, S, K:) so says Esh-Sheybánee. (S.) b2: And the latter, A way of acting or conduct: so in the saying, فُلَانٌ عَلَى خَيْــدَبَــةٍ

صَالِحَةٍ [Such a one is following a good, righteous, or just, way of acting or conduct]. (TA.) b3: Opinion, judgment, or counsel: (K:) so in the saying, تَرَكْتُهُ وَخَيْــدَبَــتَهُ [I forsook him and his counsel]. (TA.) b4: One's first, or original, affair, concern, or business: (Az, JK, S, K:) so in the saying, أَقْبِلْ عَلَى خَيْــدَبَــتِكَ [Apply thyself to thy first, or thine original, affair, &c.] (Az, JK, S.) خَيْــدَبَــةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَخْــدَبُ (S, K) and ↓ خَــدِبٌ (JK) and ↓ مُتَخَــدِّبٌ (S, K,) applied to a man, (JK, S,) Stupid; (JK;) characterized by هَوَج [i. e. stupidity, or tallness combined with stupidity, &c.]; (S, K;) and [simply] by tallness: (K: [in which أَخْــدَبُ is said to be syn. with طَوِيلٌ:]) fem. [of the first], applied to a woman, خَــدْبَــآءُ: (S:) and the first, one who cannot restrain himself, by reason of stupidity: (TA:) and the same, (K,) or ↓ خَــدِبٌ, (JK,) one who goes his own way, at random, or heedlessly, without any certain aim or object, or without consideration, not obeying a guide to the right course, (JK, K, TA,) by reason of ignorance, (JK,) or from boldness. (TA.) b2: Also [the fem.] خَــدْبَــآMُ, applied to any [she-] animal, That is wont to wound, and kill, and seize its prey and break its neck. (IAar.) And حَرْبَةٌ خَــدْبَــآءُ and ↓ خَــدِبَــةٌ [A dart, or javelin,] that inflicts a wide wound. (K.) And طَعْنَةٌ خَــدْبَــآءُ, (S,) and ضَرْبَةٌ خَــدْبَــآءُ, (K,) [A thrust, and a blow,] with which the جَوْف [or belly, &c.,] is assaulted: (S, K:) or the former, a wide thrust or wound with a spear or the like: and the latter, a continuous and long act of beating. (TA.) b3: And دِرْعٌ خَــدْبَــآءُ A coat of mail that is smooth, or pliable, (لَيِّنَةٌ, JK, S, K,) and (so in the JK, but in the K “ or ” ) wide. (JK, K.) مُتَخَــدِّبٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.