سعر

1 سَعَرَ النَّارَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. سَعْرٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ اسعرها, (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِسْعَارٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ سعّرها, (A, K,) inf. n. تَسْعِيرٌ; (TA;) or the last has an intensive signification; (S;) He lighted, or kindled, the fire; or made it to burn, to burn up, to burn brightly or fiercely, to blaze, or to flame; syn. أَوْقَدَهَا, (Msb, K,) or هَيَّجَهَا and أَلْهَبَهَا. (S, A.) In the Kur lxxxi. 12, some read سُعِرَتْ; and others, ↓ سُعِّرَتْ, which latter has an intensive signification. (S.) and سَعَرَ النَّارَ He stirred the fire with a مِسْعَر. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] سَعَرَ الحَرْبَ, (S, K,) aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n.; (TA;) and ↓ اسعرها, and ↓ سعّرها; (K;) (tropical:) He kindled war; (K, TA;) excited, or provoked, it. (S, TA.) And سَعَرُوا نَارَ الحَرْبِ (tropical:) [They kindled, or excited, the fire of war]. (A.) b3: [Hence also,] سَعَرَهُمْ شَرٌّ (tropical:) [Evil, or mischief, excited them, or inflamed them]. (A.) And سَعَرَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ (tropical:) [He excited, or inflamed, against his people]. (A.) b4: And سَعَرَهُمْ شَرًّا (tropical:) He did extensive evil, or mischief, to them: (ISk, S, TA: *) or he did evil, or mischief, to them generally, or in common; as also ↓ اسعرهم, and ↓ سعّرهم; (TA;) or one should not say ↓ اسعرهم. (ISk, S, TA.) b5: And سَعَرْنَاهُمْ بِالنَّبْلِ (assumed tropical:) We burned and pained them [or inflicted upon them burning pain] with arrows. (S.) b6: And سَعَرَ الإِبِلَ, aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) (tropical:) He (a camel, TK) communicated to the [other] camels his mange, or scab. (K, TA.) b7: And سُعِرَ, (S, A,) inf. n. سُعَارٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He (a man) was smitten by the [hot wind called] سَمُوم. (S, A.) and (tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, vehemently hungry and thirsty. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, mad, insane, or a demoniac. (MA.) b8: You say also, سَعَرْتُ اليَوْمَ فِى حَاجَتِى سَعْرَةً (assumed tropical:) I made a circuit during the day, or to-day, for the accomplishment of my want. (S.) And لَأَسْعَرَنَّ سَعْرَهُ, i. e. لَأَطُوفَنُّ طَوْفَهُ (assumed tropical:) [app. meaning I will assuredly practise circumvention like his practising thereof]. (Fr, O, K.) b9: And سَعَرَ اللَّيْلَ بِالمَطِىّ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He journeyed throughout the night with the camels, or beasts, used for riding. (ISk, TA.) b10: And سَعَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel was quick, or swift, in her going. (TA.) [See also سَعَرَانٌ, below.]2 سَعَّرَ see 1, in four places.

A2: سعّرهُ [from سِعْرٌ], (Sgh, Msb,) inf. n. تَسْعِيرٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ اسعرهُ; (Sgh, Msb;) He assigned to it a known and fixed price: (Msb:) or he declared its current price, or the rate at which it should be sold. (Sgh.) And سعّر لَهُمْ, (A, TA,) inf. n. as above; (S;) and لهم ↓ اسعر; (A;) He (a governor, A) fixed the amount of the prices of provisions &c. for them; (S, TA;) the doing of which is not allowable. (TA.) b2: And سعّروا, inf. n. as above; and ↓ اسعروا; They agreed as to a price, or rate at which a thing should be sold. (K.) 3 ساعرهُ app. signifies (assumed tropical:) He acted with him, or it, like one mad, or like a mad dog; for, accord. to Et-Tebreezee, (Ham p. 785,) it is from مِسْعَرٌ as an epithet applied to a dog, meaning “ mad. ”]4 أَسْعَرَ see 1, in four places. b2: أَسْعَرَنَا قَفْزًا, said of a wild animal, means (assumed tropical:) He excited and annoyed us by leaping, or bounding. (TA, from a trad.) A2: See also 2, in three places.5 تَسَعَّرَ see the next paragraph.8 استعرت النَّارُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ تسعّرت, (S, A, K,) [but the latter, app., has an intensive signification,] The fire burned or burned up, burned brightly or fiercely, blazed, or flamed. (S, A, Msb, K.) b2: [Hence,] استعرت الحَرْبُ (tropical:) The war [raged like fire, or] spread. (K, TA.) and in like manner, (TA,) استعر الشَّرُّ (tropical:) The evil, or mischief, [raged, or] spread. (K, TA.) b3: and استعر اللُّصُوصُ, (S, A, K,) or استعرت, (TA,) (tropical:) The thieves, or robbers, put themselves in motion, (K, TA,) for mischief, (TA,) as though they were set on fire. (S, K, TA.) b4: And استعر الجَرَبُ فِى

البَعِيرِ (tropical:) The mange, or scab, began in the armpits and the groins or similar parts (AA, S, A, * K) and the lips (S) of the camels. (AA, S, A, K.) b5: And استعر النَّاسُ فِى كُلِّ وَجْهٍ (assumed tropical:) The people ate the fresh ripe dates in every direction, and obtained them; like اِسْتَنْجَوْا. (Aboo-Yoosuf, TA.) رَمْىٌ سَعْرٌ (tropical:) A vehement shooting or throwing: (A:) [or a burning, painful shooting; as is indicated in the S:] one says ضَرْبٌ هَبْرٌ وَ طَعْنٌ نَتْرٌ وَرَمْىٌ سَعْرٌ (assumed tropical:) [a smiting that cleaves off a piece of flesh, and a piercing inflicted with extraordinary force, and a burning, painful shooting]. (S.) It is said in a trad. of 'Alee, اِضْرِبُوا هَبْرًا وَارْمُوا سَعْرًا (assumed tropical:) [Smite ye so as to cleave off a piece of flesh, and] shoot ye quickly: the shooting being thus likened to the burning of fire. (TA.) سُعْرٌ: see سُعَارٌ. b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) Madness, insanity, or demoniacal possession; (K;) as also ↓ سُعُرٌ: (S, K:) so ↓ the latter is expl. by AAF as used in the Kur liv. 47: and so it is expl. as used in verse 24 of the same chap.: (TA:) or it signifies in the former, (S,) or in the latter, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) fatigue, or weariness, or distress, or affliction, and punishment: (Fr, S, TA:) or, accord. to Az, إِنَّا إِذَا لَفِى ضَلَالٍ وَسُعُرٍ, in verse 24, may mean (assumed tropical:) verily we should in that case be in error, and in punishment arising from what would necessarily befall us: or, accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, it means, in a state that would inflame and excite us. (TA.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Hunger; and so ↓ سُعَارٌ: (Fr, K, TA:) or the former signifies vehemence of desire for flesh-meat: (K, TA:) and ↓ the latter, vehemence of hunger: (S:) or the burning of hunger: (TA:) and the burning of thirst. (A.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) A disease, such as the mange, or scab, that is transitive from one to another; or the transition of the mange, or scab, or other disease, from one to another; syn. عَدْوَى. (K. [See 1.]) سِعْرٌ The current price, or rate, at which a thing is to be sold: (MA, K:) pl. أَسْعَارٌ. (S, A, Msb, K.) One says, لَهُ سِعْرٌ, meaning It is exceedingly valuable: and لَيْسَ لَهُ سِعْرٌ It is exceedingly cheap. (Msb.) سَعَرٌ: see سُعْرَةٌ.

سَعِرٌ (assumed tropical:) Mad, insane, or possessed by a demon: (K:) and so ↓مَسْعُورَةٌ applied to a she-camel: (S:) or the latter, so applied, that will not remain still; from سُعُرٌ meaning “ madness, or insanity, or demoniacal possession: ” (Ham p. 785:) [See also مِسْعَرٌ:] the pl. of سَعِرٌ is سَعْرَى. (K.) سُعُرٌ: see سُعْرٌ, in two places.

سَعْرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A cough: (O, K:) or a sharp cough; as also ↓ سَعِيرَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The beginning of an affair or a case; and the newness thereof: (K, TA:) in some copies of the K, حِدَّتُهُ is erroneously put for جِدَّتُهُ. (TA.) سُعْرَةٌ A colour inclining to blackness, (S, TA,) a little above what is termed أُدْمَةٌ; as also ↓ سَعَرٌ. (TA.) سَعَرَانٌ [an inf. n.] Vehemence of running. (O, K.) [See 1, last signification.]

سِعْرَارَةٌ (S, K) and ↓سُعْرُورَةٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) Daybreak. (K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The rays of the sun entering an aperture of a house or chamber: (K, * TA:) or the motes that are seen in the rays of the sun (Az, S, TA) when they fall into a chamber, moving to and fro. (Az, TA.) سُعْرُورَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سُعَارٌ The heat (S, K) of fire; (S;) as also ↓ سُعْرٌ: (K:) and (tropical:) of night. (A.) b2: See also سُعْرٌ, in two places. b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Evil, or mischief: so in the saying, لَا يَنَامُ النَّاسُ مِنْ سُعَارِهِ [Men will not sleep by reason of his evil, or mischief], occurring in a trad. (TA.) سَعُورٌ (assumed tropical:) A she-camel quick, or swift, in her going. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.]

سَعِيرٌ Lighted, or kindled; or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame: (K, TA:) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (TA:) [and thus] similar to دَهِينٌ and صَرِيعٌ; for you say نَارٌ

↓ مَسْعُورَةٌ: (Akh, S:) or نَارٌ سَعِيرٌ signifies fire kindled, or made to burn &c., with other fire. (Lh, TA.) b2: Also Fire (S, K) itself; (S;) and so ↓ سَاعُورَةٌ and ↓ سَاعُورٌ: (K:) or [so in the TA, but in the K “ and,”] its flame; (K;) as also ↓ سَاعُورَةٌ and ↓ سَاعُورٌ. (TA.) A2: السَّعِيرُ: see what next follows.

السُّعَيْرُ, (O, K,) and ↓ السَّعِيرُ, (S,) or the latter is a mistake, (O, TA,) A certain idol, (S, K,) belonging peculiarly to [the tribe of] 'Anazeh. (Ibn-El-Kelbee, S.) [See an ex. in a verse cited in art. مور.]

سَعِيرَةٌ: see سَعْرَةٌ.

سَاعُورٌ: see سَعِيرٌ, in two places. b2: Also A sort of fire-place, or oven, (تَنُّورٌ, K, TA,) dug in the ground, in which bread is baked. (TA.) A2: and The chief of the Christians in the knowledge of medicine (K, TA) and of the instruments thereof: [said to be] originally سَاعُورَآء, a Syriac word, meaning the investigator of the cases of the diseased. (TA.) سَاعُورَةٌ: see سَعِيرٌ, in two places.

أَسْعَرُ, applied to a man, Of the colour termed سُعْرَةٌ: fem. سَعْرَآءُ. (TA.) b2: And, so applied, (TA,) Having little flesh, (K, TA,) lean, or lank in the belly, (TA,) having the sinews apparent, altered in colour or complexion, or emaciated, (K, TA,) and slender. (TA.) مَسْعَرٌ The slender part of the tail of a camel. (K.) b2: See also مَسَاعِرُ.

مِسْعَرٌ and ↓ مِسْعَارٌ (S, K) The thing, (K,) or wood, (S,) or instrument of iron or of wood, (TA,) with which a fire is stirred [or made to burn or burn up &c.]: (S, * K, * TA:) pl. (of the former, A) مَسَاعِرُ (A, TA) and [of the latter] مَسَاعِيرُ. (TA.) b2: Hence one says of a man, إِنَّهُ لَمِسْعَرُ حَرْبٍ (tropical:) Verily he is one who makes the fire of war to rage; (S, A, * K, * TA;) a stirrer of the fire of war. (TA.) b3: Also the former, (مِسْعَرٌ), (assumed tropical:) Long; (AA, S, K;) applied to a neck (K) or some other thing: (TA:) or strong. (As, K.) b4: And, applied to a dog, (assumed tropical:) Mad. (Ham p. 785.) [See also سَعِرٌ.] b5: المِسْعَرُ as an epithet applied to a horse means اَلَّذِى يُطِيحُ قَوَائِمَهُ مُتَفَرِّقَةٌ وَلَا ضَبْرَ لَهُ [i. e., app., That makes his legs to fall spread apart, and that has no leaping with his legs put together]: (K:) or, in the words of AO, [and so in the O,] الذى تُطِيحُ قَوَائِمَهُ [app. whose legs thow makest to fall &c.]: (TA:) [in the CK, ولا صَبْرَ لَهُ, which is, I doubt not, a mistake: and in the TA is added, وقيل وَثْبٌ مُجْتَمِعُ القَوَائِمِ, in which وقيل is evidently a mistranscription for وَهُوَ, referring to ضَبْر, which is well known as meaning وَثْبٌ مُجْتَمِعُ القَوَائِمِ:] and ↓ مُسَاعِرٌ signifies the same. (AO.) مِسْعَارٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مَسْعُورٌ: see its syn. سَعِيرٌ. b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) A man smitten by the [hot wind called] سَمُوم. (S, A.) b3: And (tropical:) Vehemently hungry and thirsty: (TA:) eager for food, even though his belly be full; (K;) and, it is said, for drink also. (TA.) b4: See also سَعِرٌ.

مَسَاعِرُ [a pl. of which the sing., if it have one, is probably ↓ مَسْعَرٌ,] (assumed tropical:) The armpits, and the groins or similar parts, (S, A, * K,) and the lips, (S,) of camels. (S, A, K.) مُسَاعِرٌ: see مِسْعَرٌ, last sentence.

سفه

1 سَفِهَ, (S, MA, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Msb;) and سَفُهَ, [aor. ـُ (S, Msb;) inf. n. سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ (S, MA, Msb, K *) and سَفَاهٌ, (S, MA, K, *) [all mentioned in the MA as of the former verb, and so in the TA when that verb is trans., but properly] the first is of the former verb, and the second is of the latter verb, (S, Msb,) and so is the third; (S;) He (a man, S) was, or became, such as is termed سَفِيه; (S, TA;) [i. e.] he was, or became, unwise, witless, or destitute of wisdom or understanding, or [rather] lightwitted. (MA.) b2: The phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَةُ, [of which an instance occurs in the Kur ii. 124, and] to which غَبِنَ رَأْيَهُ and بَطِرَ عَيْضْلَرRَهُ and أَلِمَ بَطْنَهُ and وَفِقَ أَمْرَهُ and رَضْلَرRِدَ أَمْرَهُ are similar, was originally سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُ زَيْدٍ [or rather سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُهُ i. e. Himself, or his mind, was, or became, lightwitted, &c.]; but when [the dependence of] the verb became transferred [from the نفس] to the man, what followed the verb was put in the accus. case by being its objective complement, for the phrase became identical in meaning with نَفْسَهُ ↓ سَفَّهَ [he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, &c.]: so say the Basrees and Ks; and it is allowable with them to make this accus. to precede [the verb]; like as it is allowable to say, غُلَامَهُ ضَرَب زَيْدٌ: (S, TA:) accord. to the K, the verb thus used has three forms; (TA;) you say سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ and رَأْيَهُ, (K, TA,) and حِلْمَهُ, (TA,) and سَفُهَ, and سَفَهَ, meaning حَمَلَهُ عَلَىالسَّفَهِ [which is virtually the same as سَفَّهَهُ i. e. he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, or unwise, &c., and in like manner his judgment, or opinion, and he made his gravity, or forbearance, or the like, to become levity, or hastiness, &c.]: or he attributed سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c., to himself, or his mind, and to his judgment, or opinion]: or he destroyed it; (K, TA;) agreeably with the meaning assigned to سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ by AO: (TA:) or this means he held himself in mean, or light, estimation; (MA, and Ksh and Bd in ii. 124;) and rendered himself low, base, or contemptible: (Bd ibid.:) but Lh says that سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ, with kesr [to the ف], inf. n. سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ and سَفَاهٌ, means حَمَلَهُ عَلَى

السَّفَهِ [or حَمَلَهَا], and is the approved form, and that some say سَفُهَ, which is rare: and accord. to J and others, (TA,) when they say سفه نَفْسَهُ, and رَأْيَهُ, they do not say it otherwise than with kesr [to the ف], because فَعُلَ is not trans.: (S, TA:) so that the three forms of the verb mentioned in the K require consideration: (TA:) accord. to Fr, when [the dependence of] the verb in the phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ became transferred from the نفس to the possessor thereof, what followed the verb became an explicative, to indicate that the سَفَه [or lightwittedness, &c.,] was therein; and by rule it should be سَفِهَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا, for the explicative should not be otherwise than indeterminate; but it was left in its state of a prefixed noun, and put in the accus. case in the manner of an indeterminate noun as being likened thereto; [the meaning, therefore, accord. to him, is he was, or became, lightwitted, &c., as to his mind;] it is not allowable, however, in his opinion, to make this accus. to precede [the verb], because the explicative may not precede; and similar to this is the phrase ضِقْتُ بِهِ ذَرْعًا, and طِبْتُ بِهِ نَفْسًا, meaning ضَاقَ ذَرْعِىبِهِ and طَابَتْ نَفْسِى بِهِ: (S, TA:) but this saying [of Fr] is disallowed by the grammarians; for they say that explicatives are indeterminate, and that determinate nouns may not be used as indeterminate: some of the grammarians say that إِلَّامَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ in the Kur [ii. 124] means الّا من سَفِهَ فِىنَفْسِهِ [but he who is lightwitted, &c., in his mind], i. e., who becomes سَفِيه; [the prep.] فى being suppressed [and the noun therefore put in the accus. case agreeably with a general rule]: Zj holds that the approvable saying is, that it means إِلَّا مَنْ جَهِلَ نَفْسَهُ, i. e., but he who is [ignorant or silly or foolish or] unreflecting in his mind: and in like manner, سَفِهَ رَأْيَهُ means جَهِلَهُ [i. e. he was ignorant, &c., in his judgment, or opinion]; and his judgment, or opinion, was unsound, without rectitude: and سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ signifies also he lost himself, or his own soul. (TA.) سَفِهَ الحَقَّ is likewise expl. as meaning الحَقَّ ↓ سَفَّهَ [He made the truth, or right, to be foolishness, or the like]; and Yoo held the one to be a dial. var. of the other, and the measure of the former verb to denote intensiveness; and accord. to this explanation one may say, سَفِهْتُ زَيْدًا meaning زَيْدًا ↓ سَفَّهْتُ [I pronounced Zeyd lightwitted, &c.]: or the meaning is جَهِلَ الحَقَّ [he ignored the truth, or right], and he did not see it to be the truth, or right: (TA:) or he regarded the truth, or right, as foolishness, or ignorance. (S and TA in art. غمط.) See also 2. b3: سَفِهَ عَلَيْهِ signifies جَهِلَ [i. e., when thus trans. by means of عَلَى, He feigned ignorance to him]; as also سَفُهَ, (K, TA,) and ↓ تسافه. (K.) b4: and سَفِهْتُ نَصِيبِى [and it is implied in the K that one says سَفَهْتُ نصيبى also, but only the former is authorized by the TA,] I forgot my share, or portion. (Th, K, TA.) b5: And سَفَهَ صَاحِبَهُ, aor. ـُ He overcame his companion in what is termed مُسَافَهَة [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (K.) You say, ↓ سَافَهَهُ فَسَفَهَهُ. (TA.) b6: سَفِهَتِ الطَّعْنَةُ, (JK, K, TA,) inf. n. سَفَهٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The spear-wound, or the like, emitted blood which came from it quickly (JK, K, TA) and dried up (وَجَفَّ [in the TK وِخف]): (K, TA:) so in the A. (TA.) b7: سَفِهَ الضْلَرRَّرَابَ, (S, K,) inf. n. سَفَهٌ, (TA,) He drank much of the beverage, or wine, without having his thirst satisfied thereby. (S, K, TA.) See also 3. and سَفِهَ المَآءَ (tropical:) He drank the water immoderately. (TA.) b8: And سَفِهْتُ and سَفَهْتُ signify ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ, (so in the CK,) in [some of] the copies of the K ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ, but the right reading is ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ [i. e. I was occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]: or, accord. to the copies of the K, تَضْلَرRَغَّلْتُ; but correctly, or ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ [i. e. I occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]. (TA.) 2 سَفَّهَ see 5. b2: [Hence,] سِفِهِهُ, inf. n. تَسْفِيهٌ, (S, Msb, K,) signifies جَعَلَهُ سَفِيهًا [i. e. He, or it, made him to be, or he pronounced him to be, lightwitted, &c.]; as also ↓ سَفِهَهُ; (K, TA;) on the authority of Akh and Yoo: (TA:) or he attributed to him what is termed سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.]: (S, Msb:) or he said to him that he was such as is termed سَفِيه. Msb.) and سفّه الجَهْلُ حِلْمَهُ Ignorance made him light, inconstant, unsteady, irresolute, or fickle; syn. أَطَاضْلَرRَهُ and أَخَفَّهُ. (TA.) See also 1, in three places.3 سافههُ, (S, MA, K,) inf. n. مُسَافَهَةٌ, (S, KL,) He acted [in a lightwitted manner,] foolishly, or ignorantly, with him; (MA, KL;) showed lightness, levity, weakness of mind, and lack of حِلْم [or gravity, &c.], with him. (KL.) You say, سَافَهَهُ فَسَفَهَهُ: see 1, near the end of the paragraph. [سافهه in this instance may mean as above, or may have the meaning here next following.] b2: He reviled him; or he reviled him, being reviled by him; syn. ضْلَرRَاتَمَهُ: whence the prov., سَفِيهٌ لَمْ

↓ يَجِدْ مُسَافِهًا [A lightwitted person found not a reviler, or mutual reviler]; (K, TA;) mentioned in the S. (TA.) [See also 5.] b3: سافه الدَّنَّ, (S, K,) or الوَطْبَ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He sat with (قَاعَدَ) the دنّ [or wine-jar], (S, K,) or the وطب [or milk-skin], (S,) and drank from it while after while. (S, K.) And سافه الضْلَرRَّرَابَ (tropical:) He exceeded the due bounds in respect of the beverage, or wine, drinking it without measure; (K, TA;) as also ↓ سَفِهَهُ. (K.) And سَافَهْتُ المَآءَ (tropical:) I drank the water immoderately, (Lh, TA,) or without measure. (A, TA.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.] b4: And سَافَهَتِ النَّاقَةُ الطَّرِيقَ (tropical:) The she-camel kept to the road, or way, (A, K, TA,) or took to it, (A, TA,) with a vehement pace: (A, K, TA:) or was light, or agile, in her pace, or going. (TA.) 4 أَسْفَهْتُهُ I found him to be سَفِيه [i. e. lightwitted, &c.]. (TA. [There said to be tropical; but I see not why.]) b2: أَسْفَهَكَ اللّٰه الضْلَرRَّرَابَ (assumed tropical:) May God make thee to drink of the beverage, or wine, without having thy thirst satisfied thereby: or أَسْفَهَهُ اللّٰهُ God made him, or may God make him, to drink without having his thirst satisfied: (S, accord. to different copies:) or اسفه اللّٰهُ فُلَانَّا المَآءَ God made, or may God make, such a one to drink much water. (TA.) 5 تسفّهت الرِّيَاحُ The winds became in a state of commotion. (TA.) b2: تسفّهت الرِّيحُ الضْلَرRَّجَرَ, (S,) or الغُصُونَ, (K, TA,) and الرِّيحُ ↓ سَفَّهَتِ الغُصُونَ, (Ham p. 359,) The wind made the trees, (S,) or the branches, (K,) to bend, or incline: (S, K:) and put the branches in motion: (K, and Ham ubi suprà:) or ruffled, and put in motion, the branches. (TA. [There said to be tropical: but see what is said of the primary signification of سَفَهٌ, below.]) b3: [Hence,] it is said in a prov., فُرَارَةٌ تَسَفَّهَتْ قَرَارَةً A lamb, or kid, made a sheep, or goat, to incline [to silly behaviour]: applied to the old whom the young incites to lightwittedness (السَّفَه) and levity. (Meyd. [See also a similar prov. in Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 253.]) b4: تسفّههُ عَنْ مَالِهِ He deluded him, or beguiled him, of his property. (S, K.) b5: تسفّه عَلَيْهِ He acted with سَفَاهَة [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.], or foolishly, towards him. (MA.) b6: And تَسَفَّهْتُ عَلَيْهِ signifies أَسْمَعْتُهُ [as meaning I reviled him]. (S.) [See also 3.]6 تسافه عَلَيْهِ: see 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph. b2: [And تسافهوا They behaved in a lightwitted, foolish, or ignorant, manner, one with another. See also 3, which has a similar meaning. b3: And They reviled one another: as seems to be indicated in the TA. See also Har p. 522: and see, again, 3.] b4: تَسَافَهُ أَضْلَرRْدَاقُهَا, in a verse of Khalaf Ibn-Is-hák El-Bahránee, [describing swift camels,] means Their sides of the mouth casting forth their foam, one at another: like the saying of El-Jarmee, تَسَافَهُ أَضْلَرRْدَاقُهَا بِاللُّغَامِ [Their sides of the mouth casting forth the foam, one at another]. (TA. [تسافه, there written without any syll. signs, is app. thus, (for تَتَسَافَهُ,) not تُسَافِهُ.]) سَفَهٌ, (S, TA,) as also ↓ سَفَاهَةٌ and ↓ سَفَاهٌ, (TA,) [all mentioned as inf. ns. in the first paragraph of this art.,] primarily signifies خِفَّةٌ [in its proper sense of Lightness], and motion, commotion, or agitation. (S, TA.) b2: And hence (S, TA) the first, (S, K, TA,) like each of the others, (K, TA,) signifies [generally Lightwittedness, or the like;] the contr. of حِلْمٌ; (S, K, TA;) [i. e.] خِفَّةٌ [as meaning lightness or levity, inconstancy, unsteadiness, irresoluteness; or lightness or levity, &c., and hastiness; for, as is said in the TA in art. رجح, the contr. of حِلْمٌ is described by the terms خِفَّةٌ and عَجَلٌ, like as حِلْمٌ is described by the term ثِقَلٌ]; and slenderness, shallowness, or weakness, of judgment; qualities which deficiency of intellect, or understanding, necessarily involves: (Bd in ii. 12, in explanation of سَفَهٌ:) or خِفَّةُ حِلْمٍ

[i. e. slightness of gravity or staidness or sedateness or calmness &c.]: or جَهْلٌ [i. e. ignorance, or silliness or foolishness]: (K, TA:) all of which explanations are nearly alike: (TA:) or سَفَهٌ is a deficiency in intellect or understanding: (Msb:) or a lightness, or levity, accidental to a man, arising from joy or anger, inducing him to act unreasonably and unlawfully. (KT.) سَفَاهٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سَفيِهٌ [Having the quality termed سَفَهٌ; i. e., accord. to the explanation of the primary signification of the latter, above, Light; and in a state of motion, commotion, or agitation:] applied to a camel's nose-rein, (S, K,) light: (S:) or quivering; (K, TA;) because of the she-camel's shaking it, and contending in pulling it. (TA: but there said to be, when thus applied, tropical.) Dhu-rRummeh says, عَلَى ظَهْرِ مِقْلَاتٍ سَفِيهٍ جَدِيلُهَا i. e. [Upon the back of a she-camel that had brought forth but once and not conceived after,] whose nose-rein was light. (S. In the TA, زِمَامُهَا is here put in the place of جَدِيلُهَا.) and one says also نَاقَةٌ سَفِيهَةُ الزِمَامِ, (K, TA,) meaning [A she-camel whose nose-rein is light, or quivering: or] light, or agile, in pace or going. (TA: in which this, also, is said to be tropical.) b2: Also Lightwitted; light of intellect or understanding; (TA;) deficient in intellect or understanding; (Msb;) ignorant; (Mujáhid, K, TA;) weak; foolish, stupid, unsound in intellect or understanding, dull therein, or having little, or no, intellect, or understanding; (Mujáhid, TA;) and ↓ سَافِهٌ, also, [which is syn. with سَفِيهٌ in all the senses mentioned above,] is expl. by IAar as having this last meaning of foolish, stupid, &c.: (TA:) the fem. is سَفِيهَةٌ: (Msb, K:) and the pl. of the masc., (K,) or of the masc. and fem., (Msb, TA,) is سُفَهَآءُ, (Msb, K, TA,) and of both, سِفَاهٌ, and of the fem., سَفِيهَاتٌ also and سَفَائِهُ and سُفَّهٌ. (K, TA.) In the Kur ii. 282, سَفِيهًا means, accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, Ignorant of the ordinances, or statutes; one who does not dictate well, and knows not what dictation is; for he who is ignorant in all his circumstances may not deal with another upon credit: accord. to ISd, ignorant or صَغِير [meaning under the age of puberty]; not ignorant of dictating, as Lh asserts it to mean, because it is added, “or not able to dictate, himself: ” this, says Er-Rághib, denotes سَفَه in respect of worldly matters: in the Kur lxxii. 4, سَفِيهُنَا denotes سَفَه in religion. (TA.) In the Kur iv. 4, the pl. السُّفَهَآء is said to mean Women, and young children; because they are ignorant of the proper object of expense: and I'Ab is related to have said that women are termed السُّفَّهُ and السُّفَهَآءُ: (Lh, TA:) Az, also, says that a woman is termed سَفِيهَةٌ because of the weakness of her intellect, and because she does not manage well her property; and in like manner are termed children as long as they are not known to be characterized by maturity of intellect, and rectitude of actions, and good management of affairs. (TA.) b3: ثَوْبٌ سَفِيهٌ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, badly woven; thin, flimsy, unsubstantial, or scanty in the yarn. (K, * TA.) سَفَاهَةٌ: see سَفَهٌ.

سَافِهٌ: see سَفيهٌ. b2: Also, applied to a man, (assumed tropical:) Vehemently thirsty: and so سَاهِفٌ. (Az, TA.) وَادٍ مُسْفَهٌ (tropical:) A valley filled [with water]: (K, TA:) as though it exceeded the due bounds, and became such as is termed سَفِيه: imagined to be from أسْفَهْتُهُ signifying “ I found him to be سَفِيه. ” (TA.) طَعَامٌ مَسْفَهَةٌ, (K, TA, in the CK [erroneously]

مُسْفِهٌ,) as also مَسْهَفَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) Food that incites [in the CK يُتْعِبُ is erroneously put for يَبْعَتُ] to the drinking of much water. (IAar, * K, TA.) مُسَافِهٌ act. part. n. of 3, q. v.

سرو

1 سَرُوَ, (S, M, Mgh, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) and سَرَا, (S, M, K,) aor. as above; (S, K;) and سَرِىَ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) inf. n. سَرَاوَةٌ, (S, M, K,) of the first verb, (S, M,) and سَرْوٌ, (Sb, Lh, S, M, Mgh, K,) of the same verb, (M, Mgh,) and of the second, (S, M,) and of the third, (S,) and سَرًا and سَرَآءٌ, (M, K,) both of the third, but سَرَآءٌ, and this only, is mentioned by Lh as inf. n. of the second verb; (M;) He was, or became, possessed of liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory. (M, K.) A2: سَرْوُ المَسَاقِى means The cleaning out of what are termed مَسَاقٍ [pl. of مَسْقَاةٌ or مِسْقَاةٌ, which see in art. سقى]. (TA.) A3: سَرْوٌ also signifies, like تَسْرِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ↓ سرّى], and إِسْرَآءٌ [inf. n. of ↓ اسرى], The throwing off a thing from oneself [or from another]; (K, TA;) and the pulling off a thing. (TA.) You say, سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى, (ISk, S,) or عَنْهُ, aor. ـْ (Mgh,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, I threw off the garment from me, (ISk, S,) or I removed the garment from over him; (Mgh;) and سَرَيْتُ is a dial. var. thereof; (S;) or سَرَا ثَوْبَهُ عَنْهُ, inf. n. سَرْوٌ; and ↓ سرّاهُ; he pulled off his garment from him: (M:) and سَرَوْتُ الجُلَّ عَنِ الفَرَسِ, (TA,) or عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (M,) and ↓ سَرَّيْتُهُ, and ↓ أَسْرَيْتُهُ, I threw off [the horse-cloth from the horse, or from the back of the horse]. (TA.) And سَرَوْتُ عَنِّى دِرْعِى [I threw off from me my coat of mail]: in this case the verb is only with و. (S.) [Hence,] عَنْهُ ↓ سُرِّىَ, (M,) or سُرِّىَ عَنْهُ الهَمُّ, (S, K, *) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) Anxiety became removed from him; as also عَنْهُ ↓ انسرى الهَمُّ: (S, K, * TA:) or his anxiety became removed, or cleared away. (M, in explanation of the first of these phrases.) And عَنْهُ الخَوْفُ ↓ سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) Fear was made to quit him: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.) And hence the phrase in a trad., عَنْهُ بُرَحَآءُ الوَحْىِ ↓ فَلَمَّا سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) [and when the vehement distress of mind arising from the oppression caused by inspiration was made to quit him]; referring to the Prophet. (Mgh.) A4: سَرَتْ, (K,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, (TA,) said of the female locust, She laid eggs: (K:) a dial. var. of سَرَأَتْ. (TA.) 2 اليَوْمَ تَسَرَّوْنَ, said by the Prophet on the occasion of the expedition of Ohod, means Today ye shall have your سَرِىّ [or that person, among you, who is distinguished by liberality and manliness, &c.,] slain: and [accordingly] Hamzeh was then slain. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in six places.3 ساراهُ, inf. n. مُسَارَاةٌ, i. q. فَاخَرَهُ [i. e. He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in glory, or rather in liberality and manliness, &c.: see 1, first sentence]. (TA.) 4 اسرى He became in, or upon, land, or ground, such as is termed سَرَاة: belonging to the present art., accord. to Er-Rághib: (TA:) or he betook himself to the سَرَاة [app. meaning the mountainous tract so called]: (K and TA in art. سرى:) it is like أَنْجَدَ and أَتْهَمَ. (TA in that art.) A2: See also 1, in two places.5 تسرّى signifies تَكَلَّفَ السَّرْوَ, (S, K, * TA,) i. e. [He affected, or constrained himself, to possess liberality and manliness, &c., (see 1, first sentence,) or] high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory, and manliness, or manly virtue: (TA:) or it signifies أَخَذَ سُرِّيَّةً [he took a concubine-slave]: (K:) or A2: one says also, تسرّى الجَارِيَةَ [He took the girl, or young woman, as a concubine-slave], from السُّرِّيَّةُ; said by Yaakoob to be originally تَسَرَّرَ, [which see in art. سر,] from السُّرُورُ. (S.) b2: and تسرّاهُ signifies ↓ أَخَذَ أَسْرَاهُ [i. e. He took the best thereof]. (M, TA. [See also 8.]) 7 إِنْسَرَوَ see 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.8 استرى He chose, or selected, as being the best, (S, M, K,) a thing, (M,) or men, (S, K,) and camels, and sheep or goats. (S.) and اِسْتَرَيْتُهُ I took the best of it. (T, TA. [See also 5, last sentence.]) And اِسْتَارَ signifies the same as استرى, being formed from the latter by transposition. (TA.) One says, استرى المَوْتُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (S,) or الحَىَّ, (K,) i. e. Death chose [or took] the best of the sons of such a one, or of the tribe. (S, * K, * TA.) سَرْوٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, M, K, &c.) [Used as a simple subst., Liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue; &c.] b2: Hence, أَبُو السَّرْوِ (assumed tropical:) Aloes-wood, or the like, that is used for fumigation; syn. البَخُورُ. (Har p. 228.) A2: Also A part that rises from [the bottom of] a valley, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M, K:) or that rises from the channel in which the water flows, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M:) it is like a خَيْف. (S.) السَّرْوُ, (S, K,) or سَرْوُ حِمْيَرَ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean مَحَلَّةُ حِمْيَرَ [The settlement of Himyer]. (S, M, K.) A3: and A certain kind of tree, (S, M, K,) well-known; (K;) [the common, or evergreen, cypress; cupressus sempervirens of Linn.: applied thereto in the present day: (Delile's Floræ Aegypt. Illustr., no. 900:)] n. un. with ة. (S, M, K.) A4: and Certain worms that light upon plants, (M, K, TA,) and eat them: (M:) الثِّيَاب, in [some of] the copies of the K, is a mistranscription for النَّبَات: (TA:) sing. [or rather n. un.] with ة. (M.) سَرَاةٌ The back (S, M, K) of anything: (S:) pl. سَرَوَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) it has no broken pl. (M.) And The higher, or highest, part of anything: (M in the present art., and K in art. سرى:) so [for instance] of a mountain. (TA in art. سرى.) [Hence,] سَرَاةُ اليَمَنِ, (M,) or السَّرَاةُ [by way of preeminence, for سَرَاة is prefixed to the names of a number of places and of tribes, as is said in the TA in art. سرى], A certain mountain [or mountainous tract] commencing near 'Arafát and extending to Nejrán of El-Yemen: (Msb:) pl. as above. (M.) b2: The highest [or most advanced state] of the day: (TA:) [or] the state of advancement, when the sun has become somewhat high, (syn. اِرْتِفَاع,) of the day, (M, K, TA,) and so of other things; by some said to mean the middle thereof; (M;) so in the S, in relation to the day; but this is [said to be] a mistake: (TA:) in a verse of El-Bureyk El-Hudhalee, of the night: pl. as above: and the sing. also occurs used as a pl. (M.) b3: The middle of anything: pl. as above. (S.) The middle anسرىd main part of a road; (Mgh, Msb;) the hard and elevated part thereof. (K.) It is said in a trad., لَيْسَ لِلْنِّسَآءِ سَرَوَاتُ الطَّرِيقِ (S, Mgh) The back and middle of the road, (S,) or the middle and main parts thereof, (Mgh,) are not for the women; meaning that they should walk upon the side parts. (S.) b4: Accord. to Er-Rághib, A wide tract of land. (TA in art. سرى.) A2: It is also a pl., of a rare form, (S, Msb,) or a quasi-pl. n., (M, K,) of سَرِىٌّ [which see in several places]. (S, M, Msb, K.) سَرْوَةٌ n. un. of سَرْوٌ [q. v.] in two senses.

A2: See also سِرْوَةٌ.

سُرْوَةٌ: see what next follows.

سِرْوَةٌ (Th, AHn, T, S, M, K) and ↓ سُرْوَةٌ (Th, M, IAth, K) and ↓ سَرْوَةٌ (Kr, M, K) A small arrow: (S:) or a small and short arrow: or an arrow broad and long in the head; (M, K, TA;) but therewithal slender and short; with which one shoots at the butt: (TA:) or such as is round and smooth, not broad; the broad and long being termed مِعْبَلَةٌ: (M:) or the very slenderest of arrow-heads, that penetrates into the coats of mail: (Th, M:) or it [is an arrow that] penetrates into the coats of mail, for which reason it is called الدِّرْعِيَّةُ, its head entering like the needle: (T, TA:) or an arrow-head resembling an ordinary needle or a large needle: it is mentioned also in art. سرى, [as being a small, short, round and smooth arrow-head, having no breadth, and as being called سِرْوَةٌ and سِرْيَةً,] because the word belongs to that art. and to this: (M:) [see also مِرْمَاةٌ; and see سِرْوَةٌ in art. سرأ:] the pl. is سُرًى [or سِرًى?] accord. to the T, or سِرَآءٌ accord. to the S. (TA.) A2: The first (سِرْوَةٌ) also signifies The locust in its first state, when it is a larva; (S;) or in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg: (M:) originally with hemz: (S:) [see سَرْءٌ, in two places:] and سِرْيَةٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (S.) [See also جَرَادٌ.]

سَرِىٌّ, as an epithet applied to a man, (S, M, K, &c.,) may be from اِسْتَرَيْتُ الشَّىْءَ “ I chose, or selected, the thing,” or from السَّرَاةُ “ the higher, or highest, part ” of a thing, (Ham p. 337,) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, from سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى “ I pulled off the garment from me,” (TA, [in which this derivation is said to be good, but I think it far-fetched,]) Possessing liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or possessing manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and, (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory: (M, K:) or i. q. رَئِيسٌ [meaning a chief, or person high in rank or condition]: (Msb:) [or a generous and manly or noble person:] fem. with ة: (M, K:) and ↓ مَسْرَوَانٌ signifies the same, applied to a man; and ↓ مَسْرَوَانَةٌ applied to a woman: (M:) the pl. of سَرِىٌّ is أَسْرِيَآءُ and سُرَوَآءُ (Lh, M, K) and سُرًى, (Az, K,) which is anomalous, (TA,) and سَرَاةٌ, (T, S, Mgh, * Msb,) [originally سَرَوَةٌ,] which is [also] anomalous, (T, TA,) the only instance of فَعَلَةٌ as the measure of a pl. of a word of the measure فَعِيلٌ, (S, Msb,) or it is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, M, K,) and its pl. is سَرَوَاتٌ; (S, M, Mgh, * K;) meaning سَادَاتٌ [or chiefs, &c.]; (Mgh); and سُرَاةٌ, with damm, [originally سُرَوَةٌ,] is a dial. var. of سَرَاةٌ, as pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] of سَرِىٌّ: (IAth, TA:) the pl. of سَرِيَّةٌ is سَرِيَّاتٌ and سَرَايَا. (M, K.) Also Chosen, or choice, or select: (M:) what is good of anything; pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] سَرَاةٌ: (Ham p. 337:) the best, (Msb, TA, and Har p. 56,) and in like manner سَرَاةٌ [as a pl.]; (M, Msb, TA, and Ham p. 57, and Har ubi suprà;) the former, of men, (Har ubi suprà,) and of camels; (S;) and the latter, of men, (S, TA, and Ham ubi suprà, and Har,) and of cattle or camels and the like, (S, M, TA,) as also the former. (TA.) A2: See also art. سرى.

سُرِّيَّةٌ, said by some to be originally of the measure فُعُّولَةٌ, from سَرْوٌ: see art. سر.

أَسْرَى is of the measure أَفْعَلُ [denoting the comparative and superlative degrees] from السَّرْوُ signifying “ liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: ” [&c.:] whence the phrase أَسْرَاهُمْ سُودَدًا, meaning The best of them in respect of chiefdom or the like: or it may be from السُّرَى; meaning in this instance that the fame of the chiefdom, or the like, of him to whom it relates has pervaded the countries and spread among mankind; and this is more worthy of regard in respect of the method of grammatical analysis; from Mtr: (Har p. 363: [see art. سرى:]) [ISd, however, assigns the word to the present art.:] see 5, last sentence.

أَرْضٌ مَسْرُوَّةٌ A land containing the سِرْوَة, or locust in its first state, when it is a larva. (S.) [In a copy of the M, it is said to be from السَّرْوَةُ; and the context there indicates the meaning to be A land infested by a worm of the kind termed سَرْوٌ, of which سَرْوَةٌ is the n. un.: but probably السَّرْوَةُ, in this instance, is a mistranscription for السِّرْوَةُ, which is mentioned immediately after as meaning “ the locust in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg. ”]

مَسْرَوَانٌ; and its fem., with ة: see سَرِىٌّ.