الْفَرَائِض: الْفَرْض جمع الْفَرِيضَة. وَإِن أردْت تَحْقِيق الْفَرَائِض فَارْجِع إِلَى علم الْفَرَائِض فَإِن هُنَاكَ تحقيقات دقيقة وتدقيقات حَقِيقَة.
ثمَّ اعْلَم أَن فِي الْفَرَائِض مسَائِل عَجِيبَة لَطِيفَة. يصعب على المتعلمين الْوُصُول إِلَى أدنى مدارجها. وأجوبة غَرِيبَة يشكل على المعلمين الصعُود على أَعلَى معارجها. اذكر بَعْضهَا بعد التمَاس الأحباب. متوكلا ومستعينا بملهم الصدْق وَالصَّوَاب. فَإِن سُئِلَ عَن رجل مَاتَ وَترك أَخا أعيانيا ويرثه أَخُو امْرَأَته دون أَخِيه بِلَا مَانع شَرْعِي - فَالْجَوَاب أَن زيدا مثلا تزوج بِأم امْرَأَة أَبِيه عَمْرو فولد لزيد مِنْهَا ابْن فَمَاتَ زيد ثمَّ مَاتَ عَمْرو وَترك أَخا أعيانيا وَابْن ابْنه الَّذِي هُوَ أَخُو امْرَأَته فَالْمَال كُله لِابْنِ ابْنه دون أَخِيه.
فَإِن قيل كَيفَ أَن رجلا مَاتَ وَترك عَم أَبِيه الأعياني ويرثه خَاله دون الْعم الْمَذْكُور - قُلْنَا: تزوج زيد مثلا بِأم امْرَأَة أَخِيه عَمْرو لأَب وَأم فَولدت لَهُ ابْنا مُسَمّى ببكر وَكَانَ لعَمْرو ابْن مُسَمّى بِخَالِد وَعم أعياني أَيْضا مُسَمّى بطلحة ثمَّ مَاتَ زيد ثمَّ عَمْرو ثمَّ ابْنه خَالِد فتركته لبكر دون عَم عَمْرو أَعنِي طَلْحَة. وَإِن سُئِلَ عَن رجل وَأمه ورثا المَال نِصْفَيْنِ - فَالْجَوَاب أَن زيدا زوج ابْنَته ابْن أَخِيه فَولدت لَهُ ابْنا فَمَاتَ ابْن الْأَخ ثمَّ مَاتَ زيد وَخلف بنته وَابْنهَا الَّذِي هُوَ ابْن ابْن أَخِيه فللبنت النّصْف ولابنها النّصْف الْبَاقِي.
وَإِن سُئِلت عَن ثَلَاثَة إخْوَة لأَب وَأم ورث أحدهم ثُلثي المَال وكل من الْأَخَوَيْنِ سدسا. فَالْجَوَاب أَن الْمَيِّت امْرَأَة لَهَا ثَلَاثَة من بني الْعم أحدهم زَوجهَا فَتَصِح المسئلة من سِتَّة للزَّوْج النّصْف بالفرضية وَهُوَ ثلثه وَالْبَاقِي بَينهم أَثلَاثًا بالعصوبة. وَإِن سُئِلَ عَن رجل ترك أَربع نسْوَة فورثت إِحْدَاهُنَّ ربع المَال وَنصف ثمن وَالثَّانيَِة نصف المَال وَنصف ثمن وَالثَّالِثَة وَالرَّابِعَة ثمن المَال. فَالْجَوَاب أَنه رجل تزوج بابنة خَالَته لأَب وَابْنَة عَمه لأَب وَابْنَة خَالَته لأم وَابْنَة عَمه لأم فَمَاتَ وَلم يتْرك وَارِثا سواهن فللنسوة الرّبع ولابنة الْخَالَة لأَب الثُّلُث ولابنة الْعم لأَب الْبَاقِي وَلَا شَيْء لابنَة الْخَالَة لأم ولابنة الْعم لأم من جِهَة الْقَرَابَة النسبية فتصحيح المسئلة من سِتَّة عشر. أَرْبَعَة أسْهم لَهُنَّ بالفرضية ولابنة الْخَالَة لأَب ثلث مَا بَقِي وَهُوَ أَرْبَعَة - ولابنة الْعم لأَب الثَّمَانِية الْبَاقِيَة فَصَارَ لابنَة الْخَالَة لأم سَهْمَان وهما ثلث جَمِيع المَال. ولابنة الْخَالَة لأَب خَمْسَة وَهُوَ ربع المَال وَنصف الثّمن.
فَإِن قيل: كَيفَ يقسم تَرِكَة من خلف خالا لِابْنِ عمته وعمة لِابْنِ خَاله قُلْنَا: إِنَّه يقسم تركته أَثلَاثًا لِأَن الأول أَبوهُ وَالثَّانيَِة أمه - فَإِن قيل أَي مسئلة تصح من تسعين وأصحابها سِتَّة يَــأْخُذ وَاحِد مِنْهُم سَهْما وَاحِدًا - قُلْنَا هِيَ أم وجد وَأُخْت لِأَبَوَيْنِ وإخوان وَأُخْت لأَب وَهِي من سِتَّة. وَثلث الْبَاقِي بعد سهم الْأُم وَهُوَ ثلث جَمِيع المَال خير للْجدّ فَيضْرب مخرج الثُّلُث فِي المسئلة بلغ ثَمَانِيَة عشر للْأُم ثَلَاثَة وللجد خَمْسَة وَللْأُخْت الأعيانية تِسْعَة يبْقى سهم لَا يَسْتَقِيم على خَمْسَة علاتية فَيضْرب عدد الْخَمْسَة فِي الْمبلغ الْمَذْكُور أَعنِي ثَمَانِيَة عشر بلغ تسعين فللأخوين العلاتيين أَرْبَعَة أسْهم وَللْأُخْت العلاتية سهم وَاحِد هَذِه مسئلة الْجد على مَذْهَب زيد بن ثَابت رَضِي الله تَعَالَى عَنهُ.
فَإِن قيل: أَي مسئلة لَا يزِيد أَصْحَابهَا على عشرَة وَلم تصح من أقل من ثَلَاثِينَ ألفا - قُلْنَا إِنَّهَا مسئلة أَربع نسْوَة وَخمْس جدات وَسبع بَنَات وَتِسْعَة إخْوَة لأَب هِيَ من أَرْبَعَة وَعشْرين وَتَصِح من ثَلَاثِينَ ألفا وَمِائَتَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعين وَقد اشتهرت فِيمَا بَينهم بمسئلة الامتحان.

ذ

أب1 ذُئِبَ He (a man, M) was frightened by the wolf; (M, K;) as also ذَئِبَ, aor. ـَ and ذَؤُبَ, aor. ـُ (K:) or he (a man) was assailed, fallen upon, come upon, or overtaken, by the wolf. (Ibn-Buzurj, T.) And [hence, in the opinion of ISd, as he says in the M,] (tropical:) He was frightened by anything; (M, K;) and so ↓ اذأب, (AA, T, S, M, K,) inf. n. إِذْآبٌ; (TA;) said of a man. (S.) [Hence also,] ذَأَبَهُ, (M, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) [inf. n. ذَأْبٌ,] (tropical:) He frightened him [like as does a wolf]: (M, A, K, TA:) and ذَأَبَتْهُ الجِنُّ (A, TA) and ↓ تذأّبتهُ, as also تذعّبتهُ, (T, TA,) (tropical:) The jinn, or genii, frightened him. (T, A, TA.) [and hence, app.,] ذَأَبْتُهُ الرِّيحُ (tropical:) The wind came to him from every side, like the wolf; when guarded against from one direction, coming from another direction: (A:) and اِلرِّيحُ ↓ تذآءبتِ, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ تذأّبت, (S, M, K,) (tropical:) The wind varied, (T, S, M,) or came now from one direction and now from another direction, (S, M, K,) so says As, (S,) feebly: (M, K:) accord. to As, from الذِّئْبُ, (S,) [i. e.] it is likened to the wolf, (M,) because his motions are of the like description: (S:) or, accord. to some, الذِّئْبُ is derived from ↓ تذآءبت الريح meaning the wind blew from every direction; because the wolf comes from every direction. (MF, TA.) b2: Also, (i. e. ذُئِبَ) He (a man) had his sheep, or goats, fallen upon by the wolf. (S, K.) b3: And ذَؤُبَ, (T, S, M, A, K,) aor. ـُ (T, S, K,) inf. n. ذَآبَةٌ; (S, M, K;) and ذَئِبَ; (M, A, K;) and ↓ تذأّب; (M, K;) (tropical:) He (a man, T, S, M) was, or became, bad, wicked, deceitful, or crafty, (T, S, M, A, K,) like the wolf, (S, M, A, K,) or as though he became a wolf. (T.) b4: And ذَأَبَ, aor. ـَ (tropical:) He acted like the wolf; when guarded against from one direction, coming from another direction. (TA.) [And probably (assumed tropical:) He howled like the wolf; for,] accord. to Kr, (M,) ذَأْبٌ signifies the uttering a loud, or vehement, cry or sound. (M, K.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) He hastened, or was quick, in pace, or journeying; (K;) as also ↓ اذأب. (TA.) A2: ذَأَبَهُ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. ذَأْبٌ, also signifies He despised him; and so ذَأَمَهُ: (T:) or he drove him away, and despised him: (ISk, T, S, M, K:) or he drove him away, (Lh, M, TA,) and beat him; (Lh, TA;) and so ذَأَمَهُ: (M, TA:) [or he blamed, or dispraised, him; like ذَأَمَهُ; for,] accord. to Kr, (M,) ذَأْبٌ signifies the act of blaming, or dispraising. (M, K.) b2: And He drove him, or urged him on: (K:) or ذَأَبَ الإِبِلَ, inf. n. ذَأْبٌ, he drove, or urged on, the camels. (S, M.) A3: He collected it; (T, K;) namely, a thing. (T.) b2: He made it even; syn. سَوَّاهُ. (CK: omitted in other copies of the K and in the TA.) One says of the woman who makes even (تُسَوِّى) her vehicle, [meaning the part of her camel-vehicle upon which she sits,] مَا أَحْسَنَ مَا ذَأَبَتْهُ [How well has she made it even!] (T.) b3: He made it; namely, a [camel's saddle such as is called] قَتَب (K) and [such as is called] a رَحْل (TA.) A4: He made, [or disposed,] for him, (namely, a boy,) a ذُؤَابَة [q. v.]; as also ↓ اذأبهُ and ↓ ذأّبهُ. (K.) A5: ذُئِبَ said of a horse, He was, or became, affected with the disease termed ذِئْبَة. (T, Mgh.) 2 ذَاَّ^َ see 1, last sentence but one.

A2: ذأّب الرَّحْلَ, (inf. n. تَذْئِيبٌ, K,) He made, to the رحل [or camel's saddle], what is termed a ذِئْبَة, (M, K,) or ذِئْب. (TA.) [See also مُذَأَّبٌ.]4 أَذْأَبَتِ الأَرْضُ (A, TA) The land abounded with wolves. (TA.) b2: See also 1, in three places.5 تَذَاَّ^َ see 6, in two places: b2: and see also 1, in three places.6 تذآءب لِلنّاقَةِ (S, M, K) and لَهَا ↓ تذأّب (M, K) (assumed tropical:) He disguised himself like a wolf to the she-camel, and, by so frightening her, made her to incline to, or affect, her young one: (S:) or he cloaked, or disguised, himself to the she-camel, making himself to seem like a wolf, in order to cause her to affect a young one that was not her own [by moving her with pity by the supposed danger of the latter]. (M, K) b2: See also 1, in two places.

A2: تذآءب شَيْئًا and ↓ تذأّبهُ (assumed tropical:) He did a thing by turns; syn. تَدَاوَلَهُ: (M, K, TA: [in the CK, erroneously, تَناوَلَهُ:]) from الذِّئْبُ [the wolf], which, when guarded against from one direction, comes from another direction. (M, TA.) 10 استذأب النَّقَدُ The نقد [or ugly sheep] became like wolves: a prov., applied to low, mean, or ignominious, persons, when they obtain ascendancy. (T, K.) غَرْبٌ ذَأْبٌ (assumed tropical:) A large bucket with which one goes to and fro; thought by As to be from تَذَاؤُبُ الرِّيحِ: (M:) or in much [or quick] motion, ascending and descending. (M, K.) ذِئْبٌ, also pronounced ذِيبٌ, without ء, (S, Msb, K,) originally with ء, (T, S,) The wolf, wild dog, or dog of the desert; كَلْبُ البَرِّ: (M, A, K:) applied to the male and the female; (Msb;) and sometimes, also, (Msb,) the female is called ذِئْبَةٌ: (S, M, Msb, K:) pl. (of pauc., S, Msb) أَذْؤُبٌ, and (of mult., S, Msb) ذِئَابٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) which may also be pronounced ذِيَابٌ, with ى, because of the kesreh, (Msb,) and ذُؤبَانٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ذِئْبَانٌ. (TA.) b2: You say, الذِّئْبُ يُكَنَّى أَبَا جَعْدَةَ [The wolf is surnamed Aboo-Jaadeh]: i. e. its surname is good, but its actions are foul. (TA. [See art. جعد; and see also Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 449.]) b3: And الذِّئْبُ يَأْذُو الغَزَالَ [The wolf lies in wait for the young gazelle]: a prov. alluding to perfidy. (TA.) b4: And هُوَ ذِئْبٌ فِى ثَلَّةٍ (tropical:) [He is a wolf among a flock of sheep]. (A.) b5: And ذِئْبَةُ مِعْزًى وَظَلِيمٌ فِى

الخُبْرِ [A she-wolf among the goats, and a heostrich when tried]: i. e., in his evil nature he is like a [she-] wolf that attacks a herd of goats; and when tried, like a he-ostrich, which, if one say to it “ Fly,” says “ I am a camel,” and when one says to it “ Carry a burden,” says “ I am a bird: ” a prov. applied to a crafty and deceitful person. (TA.) b6: And أَكَلَهُمْ الضَّبُعُ وَ الذِّئْبُ [The hyena and the wolf devoured them]; meaning (tropical:) dearth, or drought: and أَصَابَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ ضَبُعٌ وَذِئْبٌ, meaning (tropical:) A year that was one of dearth, or drought, befell them. (A.) b7: ذِئْبُهُ لَا يَشْبَعُ [His wolf will not be satiated], a phrase used by a poet, means (assumed tropical:) his tongue [will not be satisfied]; i. e. he devours the reputation of another like as the wolf devours flesh. (M.) b8: ذِئْبُ يُوسُفَ [The wolf of Joseph] is a prov. applied to him who is charged with the crime of another. (TA.) b9: ذُؤْبَانُ العَرَبِ, (S, M, A, K,) also pronounced ذُوبَان, without ء, (TA,) [The wolves of the Arabs,] means (tropical:) the thieves, (M, K,) or sharpers, (A,) and paupers, (A, K,) of the Arabs; (M, A, K;) or the paupers of the Arabs, who practise thieving: (T, S:) because they act like wolves. (TA.) b10: ذِئَابُ الغَضَا The wolves of the ghadà, that frequent the trees so called, (TA,) is an appellation of the sons of Kaab Ibn-Málik Ibn-Handhalah; (M, K;) because of their bad character; (M;) for the wolf that frequents those trees is the worst of wolves. (TA.) b11: دَآءُ الذِّئْبِ [The wolf's disease] means (assumed tropical:) hunger; for they assert that the wolf has no other disease than hunger; (K, TA;) and they say أَجْوَعُ مِنْ ذِئْبٍ [More hungry than a wolf]; because he is always hungry: or (assumed tropical:) death; because [it is said that] the wolf has no other sickness than that of death; and hence they say أَصَحُّ مِنَ الذِّئْبِ [More sound than the wolf]. (TA.) [Hence the prov., رَمَاهُ اللّٰهُ بِدَآءِ الذِّئْبِ: see 1 in art. رمى.] b12: الذِّئْبَانِ, in the dual form, [The two wolves,] is the name of (assumed tropical:) two white stars [app. ζ and η of Draco] between those called العَوَائِذُ and those called الفَرْقَدَانِ: and أَظْفَارُ الذِّئْبِ [The claws of the wolf] is the name of (assumed tropical:) certain small stars before those called الذِّئْبَانِ. (K.) b13: عِنَبُ الذِّئْبِ: see ثَعْلَبٌ. b14: See also the next paragraph.

ذِئْبَةٌ fem. of ذِئْبٌ. (S, M, Msb, K.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The [angular] intervening space between the دَفَّتَانِ [or two boards] of the [kinds of saddle called] سَرْج and رَحْل (S, K, TA) and غَبِيط, (TA,) beneath the place of juncture of the two curved pieces of wood; (S;) [or] what is beneath the fore part of the place of juncture of the two curved pieces of wood (M, K) of the [kinds of saddle called] رَحْل and قَتَب and إِكَاف and the like; (M;) which falls, or lies, upon, (S,) or bites, or compresses, (M, K,) the part called the مَنْسِج (S, M, K) of the beast. (M, K.) A poet says, وَقَتَبٌ ذِئْبَتُهُ كَالْمِنْجَلِ [And a قتب of which the ذئبة is like the reapinghook]. (M.) [See قَرَبُوسٌ.] Accord. to IAar, the ↓ ذِئْب [a coll. gen. n. of which ذِئْبَةٌ is the n. un.] of the [saddle called] رَحْل are The curved pieces of wood in the fore part thereof. (TA.) A2: Also (assumed tropical:) A certain disease of horses (T, M, Mgh, K) or similar beasts, that attacks them in their fauces; (M, K;) for which the root of the beast's ear is perforated with an iron instrument, and there are extracted from it small, white, hard nodous substances, (T, Mgh, K, *) like the grains of the [species of millet called] جَاوَرْس, (K,) or smaller than those grains. (T, Mgh.) ذِئْبَانٌ a pl. of ذِئبٌ. (TA.) A2: Also, accord. to AA, (S,) The hair upon the neck and lip of the camel: (S, K;) and accord. to Fr, who says that it is a sing. [in this sense], (S,) the remains of the [fur, or soft hair, called] وَبَر [after the greater part has fallen off or been shorn]. (S, K. [See also ذُوبَانٌ in art. ذوبْ, and ذِيبَانٌ in art. ذيب.]) ذُؤَابٌ: see the next paragraph.

ذُؤَابَةٌ (also pronounced ذُوَابَةٌ, T and K in art. ذوب,) A portion [or lock] of hair, (S, A,) hanging down loosely from the middle of the head to the back: (A:) or the hair of the fore part of the head; the hair over the forehead; syn. نَاصِيَةٌ; (M, K;) so called because, hanging down, it moves to and fro, or from side to side: (M:) or the place whence that hair grows: (M, K:) or the hair that surrounds the دُوَّارَة [or round part] of the head: (Az, T:) or plaited hair of the head: and the part of the head which is the place thereof: (Lth, T:) or a plait of hair hanging down: if twisted, it is called عَقِيصَةٌ: (Msb:) and [a horse's forelock; or] hair (M, K) of the head, (M,) in the upper part of the نَاصِيَة, of the horse: (M, K:) pl. (in all its senses, M, TA) ذَوَائِبُ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) originally, (S, K,) or regularly, (T,) ذَآئِبُ, changed to render it more easy of pronunciation, (T, S, K,) and ذُؤَابَاتٌ also. (Msb.) Hence, فُتِلَ ذَوَائِبُهُ [His pendent locks of hair were twisted;] meaning (tropical:) he was made to abandon, or relinquish, his opinion or idea or judgment. (A.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Anything that hangs down loosely. (TA.) (tropical:) The end of a turban, (A, Msb,) that hangs down between the shoulders. (A.) (assumed tropical:) The end of a whip. (Msb.) (tropical:) Of a sandal. The thing, or portion, that hangs down from, or of, [the upper part of] the قِبَال [or thong that passes, from the sole, between two of the toes; it is generally a prolongation of the قِبَال]: (T:) or the part that touches the ground, of the thing that is made to fall down upon the foot, (M, A, K,) attached to the شِرَاك [or thong extending from the قِبَال above mentioned towards the ankle]; (A;) so called because of its waggling. (M.) (tropical:) Of a sword, The thong [or cord] which is attached to the hilt, (T, A,) and which [is sometimes also made fast to the guard, and at other times] hangs loose and dangles. (A.) (assumed tropical:) A skin, or piece of skin, that is hung upon the آخِرَة [or hinder part] of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل; (S, M, K;) also termed عَذَبَةٌ. (TA.) A poet speaks, metaphorically, of the ذَوَائِب of palmtrees [app. meaning (tropical:) Hanging clusters of dates]. (M.) And one says نَارٌ سَاطِعَةٌ الذَّوَائِبِ (tropical:) [A fire of which the flames rise and spread]. (A.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The higher, or highest, part of anything: (M, K:) and ↓ ذُؤَابٌ is used as its pl., or [as a coll. gen. n., i. e.] as bearing the same relation to ذُؤَابَةٌ that سَلٌّ does to سَلَّةٌ. (M.) You say, عَلَوْتٌ ذُؤَابَةَ الجَبَلِ (tropical:) [I ascended upon the summit of the mountain]. (A.) And ذُؤَابَةُ العِزِّ وَ الشَّرَفِ (tropical:) The highest degree of might and of nobility. (T, * M.) And هُوَ فِى ذُؤَابَةِ قَوْمِهِ (assumed tropical:) He is among the highest of his people; taken from the ذؤابة of the head. (M.) And هُمْ ذُؤَابَةُ قَوْمِهِمْ (T, A) and ذَوَائِبُهُمْ (A) (tropical:) They are the nobles of their people: (A, T:) and مِنْ ذَوَائِبِ قُرَيْشٍ (tropical:) of the nobles of Kureysh. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ مِنَ الذَّنَائِبِ لَا مِنَ الذَّوَائِبِ (tropical:) [Such a one is of the lowest of the people, not of the highest]. (A.) b4: ذَوَائِبُ الجَوْزَآءُ is a name of (assumed tropical:) Nine stars disposed in a bowed, or curved, form, in the sleeve of Orion; also called تَاجُ الجَوْزَآءِ. (Kzw in his description of Orion.) b5: ذَوائِبُ لَيْلَةٍ (assumed tropical:) The last, or latter, parts, or portions, of a night. (Har p. 58.) أَرْضٌ مَذْأَبَةٌ A land containing, (S,) or abounding with, (M, K,) wolves: (S, M, K:) in the dial. of some of the tribe of Keys, مَذَيْبَةٌ, agreeing with ذِيبٌ. (M.) مُذَأَّبٌ A boy having a ذُؤَابَة. (T, S, A, K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A [camel's saddle such as is called] غَبِيط [&c.] having [a ذُؤَابَة, i. e.] a skin, or piece of skin, hung upon its آخِرَة [or hinder part]: (S:) or having a ذِئْبَة [q. v.]. (TA.) مَذْؤُوبٌ A man frightened by wolves: (A, TA:) or whose sheep, or goats, have been fallen upon by the wolf. (S, M, A, K.) b2: [And hence,] (tropical:) Frightened [as though by a wolf]. (T, TA.) A2: Also A horse, (Mgh,) or such as is called بِرْذَوْنٌ, (Lth, T, M, K,) and, accord. to the Tekmileh, an ass, and so مَذْبُوبٌ, as though from ذِيبَةٌ for ذِئْبَةٌ, (Mgh,) Affected with the disease termed ذِئْبَةٌ. (Lth, T, M, Mgh, K.) مُتَذَائِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A man in a state of commotion, or fluctuation; from تَذَآءَبَتِ الرِّيحُ. (TA from a trad.)

جو

ى1 جَوِىَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. جَوًى, (K,) He (a man, S) was, or became, affected with what is termed ↓ جَوًى, (S, K,) meaning ardour: and violence of amorous desire; or of grief, or sorrow: (S:) or inward love: (M, K:) and grief, or sorrow: (K, and so in a copy of the S:) and ardour: and violence of love: or of grief, or sorrow: (K:) [see حُبٌّ:] b2: and also as meaning consumption; or an ulcer in the lungs: and long continuance, or oppressiveness, of disease: and a disease in the chest: (K:) or any inward disease during which one does not find food to be wholesome: (TA:) part. n. ↓ جَوٍ; (S, K;) fem. جَوِيَةٌ. (TA.) b3: You say also, جَوِيَتْ نَفْسِى, meaning I found the country, or town, to disagree with me. (S.) And جَوِيَتْ نَفْسُهُ مِنْهُ and عَنْهُ [He found it to disagree with him: a meaning indicated, but not expressed]. (K.) See also 8. b4: And جَوِيَتِ الأَرْضُ The land stank. (TA.) 8 اجتواهُ He disliked residing in it, namely, a country, or town, even if in the enjoyment of ease and plenty: (S:) or he disliked it, (K, TA,) and found it to disagree with him; (TA;) as also ↓ جَوِيَهُ: (K, TA:) or he disliked it, namely, a city, and found it to be insalubrious: or, as Az says, he disliked it, namely, a country, even if it agreed with him in respect of his body: and he says, in his Nawádir, that اِجْتِوَآءٌ signifies the yearning towards, or longing for, home, and disliking a place, even if in the enjoyment of ease and plenty: and disliking it without yearning towards, or longing for, home: and also the not finding the food nor the beverage in a land to be wholesome: but not when one likes the residing in it but its food and beverage do not agree with him. (TA.) A2: And اجتوى His heart was burnt by the fire of enmity. (Ham p. 219.) جَوًى: see 1: b2: and see what next follows, in two places.

جَوٍ part. n. of 1, q. v.; (S, K;) and ↓ جَوًى signifies the same, being an inf. n. used as an epithet. (K.) b2: Hence, (S,) the former, (S, K,) as also ↓ the latter, (K, and so in a copy of the S,) signifies Stinking water; (K;) or water that has become altered and stinking. (S, TA.) b3: أَرْضٌ جَوِيَةٌ and ↓ جَوِيَّةٌ A land that disagrees with one. (K.) جَوِىٌّ Contracted in the bosom, (K, TA,) by reason of disease therein, (TA,) so that his tongue cannot explain for him, (K,) or so that his tongue can hardly, or not at all, explain for him. (TA.) b2: أَرْضٌ جَوِيَّةٌ: see جَوٍ.

سك

1 سَكَّ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. سَكٌّ, (K, TA,) i. q. سَدَّهُ [i. e. He closed or closed up, or he stopped or stopped up, or repaired, and made firm or strong, the thing]. (K, * TA.) [In the place of سَدُّالشَّىْءِ, the explanation of the inf. n. accord. to the reading in the TA, we find in the CK شَدُّ الشَّىْءِ: and it seems that شَدَّهُ is a correct meaning of سَكَّهُ; for it is said that] from مَسْكُوكٌ as signifying مَشْدُودٌ is the post-classical phrase سَكُّ الأَبْوَابِ [i. e. The making fast of doors]. (TA.) [In the present day, سَكَّ البَابَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, means He locked, and he bolted, the door.] b2: And سَكَّهُ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (S, K, TA,) He clamped it (ضَبَّبَهُ) with iron; namely, a door, (S, K, TA,) and wood. (TA.) A2: Also سَكَّهُ, aor. as above, (S, TA,) and so the inf. n., (K, TA,) He cut off his ears. (S, K, * TA.) A3: سَكَّ بِمَا فِى بَطْنِهِ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K, TA,) He cast forth what was in his belly; (K, * TA;) muted, or dunged; (TA;) said of an ostrich: (K, TA:) and so سَجَّ. (TA.) And سَكَّ بِسَلْحِهِ, (AA, TA,) inf. n. as above, (K, TA,) He cast forth his excrement, or ordure, (AA, K, TA,) in a thin state; (AA, * K, TA;) as also زَكَّ, (AA, TA,) and هَكَّ. (TA.) And هُوَ يَسُكُّ, inf. n. as above, He voids thin excrement or ordure; (As, S, TA;) as also يَسُجُّ, inf. n. سَجٌّ. (As, TA.) And أَخَذَــهُ سَكُّ [He was taken with a looseness of the bowels;] he had thin evacuations of the bowels; expl. by قَعَدَ مَقَاعِدَ رِقَاقًا: and أَخَذَــهُ سَكٌّ فِى بَطْنِهِ [signifies the same; or] his bowels became loose; as also سَجٌّ; so says Yaakoob; and he asserts it to be formed by substitution; but which of the two is so formed is unknown. (TA.) b2: سَكَّ فِى الأَرْضِ He went at random in the land, or country, not knowing whither to go, and was perplexed. (Ibn-'Abbád, O. [See also 7.]) b3: One says also, أَيْنَ تَسُكُّ Whither goest thou? (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) b4: مَا سَكَّ سَمْعِى مِثْلُ ذٰلِكَ الكَلَامِ The like of that speech has not entered my ear, or ears: and فِى مَسَامِعِى مِثْلُهُ ↓ مَااسْتَكَّ The like of it has not entered my ears. (TA.) A4: سَكَّ, [sec. Pers\., app., سَكُكْتَ,] aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. سُكٌّ, (K, TA,) It (one's nature, or disposition,) was, or became, base, ignoble, mean, or sordid. (K, * TA.) A5: سَكَّ, (Msb, TA,) sec. Pers\.

سَكِكْتَ, (Msb, K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, سَكِكْتَ,]) inf. n. سَكَكٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) said of a man, &c., (K,) (assumed tropical:) He was small in the ear, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) with a sticking thereof to the head, and small projection thereof: (K, TA:) or he was short in the ear, with a sticking thereof to the part behind it: (TA:) or he was small in the قُوف [here meaning either the upper part or the helix (in the CK قُوب)] of the ear, and narrow in the ear-hole. (K, TA.) and (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, deaf. (K, TA.) 7 انسكّت الإِبِلُ The camels went at random. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA. [See also سَكَّ فِى الأَرضَ, above.]) اِنْسِكَاكٌ in the case of the birds called قَطًا means Their going at random, and depressing their breasts, after soaring in their flight and circling in the air. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 8 استكّ It (a thing) was, or became, closed or closed up, or stopped or stopped up, or repaired, and made firm or strong; quasi pass. of 1 in the first of the senses assigned to it above; syn. اِنْسَدَّ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] استكّت مَسَامِعُهُ (tropical:) His ears became stopped up, or deaf, (S, Msb, K, *) and narrow [in the aperture]. (S, K.) b3: And استكّ النَّبْتُ (assumed tropical:) The herbage became luxuriant and dense, (S, K,) its interstices becoming closed up. (S.) And استكّت الرِّيَاضُ (assumed tropical:) The meadows became luxuriant and dense [in their herbage]. (As, TA.) A2: See also 1.

سَكٌّ A nail; a pin, or peg, of iron; as also ↓ سَكِىٌّ; (S, K;) like as one says دَوٌّ and دَوِىٌّ: (S:) pl. سِكَاكٌ (S, K) and سُكُوكٌ. (K.) [A verse of Aboo-Dahbal El-Jumahee is cited as an ex. in the TA as follows: دِرْعِى دِلَاصٌ سَكُّهَا سَكٌّ عَجَبْ وَجَوْبُهَا القَاتِرُ مِنْ سَيرِ اليَلَبْ

but see يَلَبٌ.]

A2: A straight, or an even, building, and excavation, (O, K,) like a wall, without curvity, or bending. (O.) b2: A coat of mail narrow in the rings; (S, K;) as also ↓ سُكٌّ, and ↓ سَكَّآءُ: (K:) or, accord. to the O, soft in the rings. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph.

سُكٌّ A well narrow (Lth, Az, As, S, O, K) in its cavity, or interior, (Lth, O,) or from its top to its bottom, (Az, S, O,) or in its aperture; as also ↓ سَكٌّ, and ↓ سَكُوكٌ: (K:) or a well even in its cavity, or interior, and in its casing: or, accord. to Fr, one well, or strongly, or compactly, cased, and narrow; the pl. of سُكٌّ is سِكَاكٌ; and the pl. of ↓ سَكُوكٌ is سُكٌّ, so that the latter is both a sing. and a pl. (TA.) b2: And A narrow road: (I'Abbád, O:) or a road stopped up: (K:) or a road narrow and stopped up. (Lh, TA.) b3: See also سَكٌّ. b4: Also The hole of the scorpion, (Ibn-'Abbád, S, O, K,) in the dial. of the BenooAsad; (Ibn-'Abbád, O;) and of the spider, (O, K,) likewise, because of its narrowness. (TA.) A2: Also A sort of perfume, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) prepared from رَامَك [q. v.], (K,) or from musk and رَامَك, (O,) the former being bruised, or pounded, sifted, kneaded with water, and wrung hard, and wiped over with oil of the خِيرِىّ [q. v.] in order that it may not stick to the vessel, and left for a night; then musk is pounded, or powdered, (يُسْحَقُ,) and put into it by degrees, and it is [again] wrung hard, and cut into small, round, flat pieces, and left for two days, after which it is perforated with a large needle, and strung upon a hempen string, and left for a year; and as it becomes old, its odour becomes the more sweet. (K.) A3: Also pl. of أَسَكُّ. (K.) سِكَّةٌ A ploughshare; i. e. the iron thing with which the ground is ploughed; (S, TA;) the iron appertenance of the plough. (K.) Hence the trad., مَا دَخَلَتِ السِّكَّةُ دَارَ قَوْمِ إِلَّا ذَلُّوا [The ploughshare enters not the abode of a people, or party, but they become abased]; meaning, in consequence of the violence and the demands that the agriculturists experience from the ruling power. (TA.) b2: And A die, i. e. an engraved piece of iron, (S, * Msb, K, TA,) having an inscription upon it, (TA,) with which dirhems and deenárs are stamped, (S, * Msb,) or upon which pieces of money (دَرَاهِم) are struck: (K:) pl. سِكَكٌ. (Msb.) b3: And, because stamped therewith, A coined dirhem, and deenár; (TA;) which latter is called [also] ↓ سِكِىٌّ, (O, K, TA,) [in the CK سَكِىّ, but it is] with kesr. (TA.) A2: Also A row (طَرِيقَةٌ مُصْطَفَّةٌ, S, O, Msb, or سَطْرٌ, K, or سَطْرٌ مَصْطَفٌّ, TA) of palm-trees. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) Hence their saying, (S,) or the saying of the Prophet, (O,) خَيْرُ المَالِ مُهْرَةٌ مَأْمُورَةٌ أَوْ سِكَّةٌ مَأْبُورَةٌ, (S, in the O سكّة مأبورة او مهرة مأمورة,) meaning [The best of property is] a prolific filly (TA) or a row of palm-trees fecundated: (S, TA:) or, accord. to As, سكّة مأبورة here signifies a ploughshare properly prepared [for ploughing]; and, he says, the meaning is, that the best of property is a brood [of a mare] or seed-produce. (S.) [It has been suggested to me that, if طريقة in the explanation above have the signification here assigned to it, the epithet مصطفّة is redundant; and therefore that طريقة alone may be the proper explanation, and may mean in this case, as it does in many others, a tall palm-tree, or the tallest of palm-trees, or a smooth palm-tree, or a palm-tree the head of which is reached by the hand; and that مصطفّة may have been added in consequence of misunderstanding, and سطر substituted for طريقة for the same reason: but I think it much more probable that the epithet has been added because طريقة is ambiguous; and this is confirmed by what here follows.] b2: Also A زُقَاق [meaning street]: (S, O, * Msb:) or [rather] a wide زُقَاق: (Msb:) or an even road, (K, TA,) [or street,] of such as are termed أَزِقَّة [pl. of زُقَاق]: (TA:) so called because the houses therein form a row or rows [on either side]; (O, TA;) being likened to a سِكَّة of palm-trees: (TA:) [in the present day, often applied to a highway, and to any road:] pl. سِكَكٌ [as above]: (O:) and ↓ سَكَائِكُ is syn. with [سِكَكٌ as meaning] أَزِقَّةٌ. (TA.) b3: [Hence also, app., one says,] اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ سِكَّةً وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (Fr, TA in art. بأج.) b4: And أَخَذَ الأَمْرَ بِسِكَّتِهِ, (K,) and أَدْرَكَهُ بِسِكَّتِهِ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) [He took the thing, and he attained it, in its proper way, or] when it was possible. (K, TA.) b5: And فُلَانٌ صَعْبُ السِكَّةِ (tropical:) Such a one will not remain quiet, or still, or steady, by reason of hastiness of temper. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, O, TA.) A3: Also The house [or station] of the بَرِيد [or messenger that journeys on a beast of the post, or messengers on beasts of the post: it is likewise called سِكَّةُ البَرِيدِ: see بَرِيدٌ]: and أَصْحَابُ السِّكَكِ, occurring in a letter of 'Omar Ibn-'Abd-El-'Azeez, means the بُرُد [or messengers on beasts of the post] who are stationed there to be sent on affairs of importance. (Mgh.) سِكَّةُ البَرِيدِ is well known [as having the meaning assigned to it above: and also as meaning The space, or distance, between each station of the messengers above mentioned and the station next to it: see, again, بَرِيدٌ]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) سَكَكٌ inf. n. of سَكَّ, sec. Pers\. سَكِكْتَ. (Msb, TA. [See 1, last sentence but one.]) سُكُكٌ [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned,] Bustards; syn. حُبَارَيَاتٌ. (TA.) سُكَاكٌ The air that is next to the clouds, or to the higher part, (عَنَان,) of the sky; as also ↓ سُكَاكَةٌ: (S, K:) or both signify the air, or atmosphere, between heaven and earth: like لُوحٌ: the pl. of the second is سَكَائِكُ. (TA.) Hence the saying, لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ وَلَو نَزَوَْتَ فِىالسُّكَاكِ, meaning [I will not do that even if thou leap] into the sky. (S.) b2: Also The part, of an arrow, which is the place of the feathers. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) سَكُوكٌ: see سُكٌّ, in two places.

ضَرَبُوا بُيُوتَهُمْ سِكَاكًا [They pitched their tents] in one row: (Th, K:) and said with ش, [i. e.

شِكَاكًا,] accord. to IAar: (TA:) but Th says that it is only with س, deriving it from سِكَّةٌ signifying “a wide زُقَاق.” (TA in art. شك.) سُكَاكَةٌ Small in the ear, (M, K,) or in the ears. (IAar, TA.) [See also أَسَكُّ.] b2: and (assumed tropical:) One who is alone in his opinion, having none to share with him in it, (Az, K, TA,) who acts without caring how his opinion happens to be: pl. سُكَاكَاتٌ: it has no broken pl. (Az, TA.) A2: See also سُكَاكٌ.

سَكَائِكُ pl. of سُكَاكَةٌ as syn. with سُكَاكٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: See also سِكَّةٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph.

سَكِّى: see سَكٌّ سِكِّىٌّ: see سِكَّةٌ, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: Also i. q. بَرِيدٌ [meaning either A beast of the post or a messenger who journeys on a beast of the post]: a rel. n. from سِكَّةٌ. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA.) سَكَّاكٌ [A stamper of money;] one who strikes the سِكَّة. (TA.) b2: [And said by Golius, as on the authority of Meyd, to signify A maker of knives; like سَكَّانُ.]

سَكَّاكَةٌ [as a coll. gen. n., app. derived from سِكَّةٌ signifying “a road,”] Wayfarers. (TA.) سِكِّينٌ, mentioned by Ibn-'Abbád in this art., and said in the Mgh to be of the measure فِعْلِينٌ from السَّكُّ, or فِعِّيلٌ from السُّكُونُ: see art. سكن.

أَسَكُّ Small in the ear, (Mgh, K,) with a sticking thereof to the head, and small projection thereof: (K:) or short in the ear, with a sticking thereof to the part behind it: (TA:) or small in the قوف [meaning either the upper part or the helix] of the ear, and narrow in the ear-hole: (K:) applied to a man, (Mgh, K,) &c.: (K:) fem. سَكَّآءُ: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) applied [to a woman, as is implied in the K, and to a female bird, and particularly to a female ostrich, and] to a single bird of the species called قَطًا, because having no ear [apparent or projecting], (TA,) and to a she-goat, meaning, with the lawyers, having no ear except the ear-hole, or, accord. to El-Kudooree, naturally earless: (Mgh:) and applied to an ear, as meaning small: (S, Msb:) pl. سُكٌّ: applied [to human beings, &c., more commonly to birds, and particularly] to ostriches, (K,) and to birds of the species called قَطًا: (TA:) it is said that every سَكَّآء is oviparous, and every شَرْفَآء is viviparous; the former meaning a female that has no ear (S, O) apparent, or external; (O;) and the latter, “a female that has an ear (S, O) apparent, or external, (O,) though it be slit.” (S.) A rájiz says, لَيْلَةُ حَكّ ٍلَيْسَ فِيهِا شَكُّ

أَحُكُّ حَتَّى سَاعِدِى مُنْفَكُّ

أَسْهَرَنِى الأُسَيْوِدُ الأَسَكُّ [A night of scratching: there is no doubt respecting it: I scratch so that my fore arm, or my upper arm, (for ساعد is used in both of these senses,) is dislocated: the little black thing without ears having rendered me sleepless]: he means the fleas, using the sing. as a gen. n. (TA.) b2: Also Having the ears cut off. (TA.) [This seems to be the primary, though not a usual, signification.] b3: And (assumed tropical:) [Having the ears stopped up: (see 8:) or] deaf. (K.) It is applied in this sense to the ostrich, because [they say that] he does not hear. (Lth, TA.) b4: And الأَسَكُّ was the name of A certain horse. (O, K.) b5: See also سَكٌّ.

مِنْبَرٌ مَسْكُوكٌ [A pulpit] nailed with nails of iron: but also said to be with ش, [i. e. مَشْكُوكٌ,] meaning مَشْدُودٌ [made firm or strong, &c.]. (TA.)

تبن

1 تَبَنَ, aor. ـِ (S, M, K,) inf. n. تَبْنٌ, (S,) He fed a beast with تِبْن [q. v.]. (S, M, K.) b2: Also He sold [تِبْن, i. e.] straw. (KL.) A2: تَبِنَ, (T, S, M, K,) aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. تَبَنٌ, (T, S,) or تَبْنٌ, (M, K,) and تَبَانَةٌ (T, S, * M, K) and تَبَانِيَةٌ, (M,) He was, or became, intelligent, sagacious, skilful, or knowing; syn. فَطِنَ, (K,) or صَارَ فَطِنًا; (S;) and nice, or minute, in inspection (S, K) into affairs: (S:) or تَبَانَةٌ signifies the being very intelligent or sagacious or skilful or knowing, and nice, or minute, in inspection; as also طَبَانَهٌ; accord. to AO and AA: (T:) these two words signify the same (T, S, M *) accord. to [most of] the leading authorities: (T:) and Yaakoob asserts that the ت is a substitute for ط: (M:) [or the reverse seems to be the case in the opinion of Az, who here remarks that there are many instances of the change of ت into ط:] or the former is in evil; and the latter, in good: (M:) or, accord. to Lth, طَبِنَ means in evil; and تَبِنَ, in good; so that he makes طبانة to be in deceiving, or beguiling, and suddenly, or unexpectedly, attacking or destroying: but En-Nadr says the contr.; and accord. to him, طَبَنٌ signifies the having knowledge of affairs, and intelligence, or sagacity, and science: (T:) and ↓ تبّن, inf. n. تَتْبِينٌ signifies the same as تَبِنَ: (K:) or he inspected nicely, or minutely: as in a trad. in which it is said, respecting a woman whose husband has died leaving her pregnant, يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ جَمِيعِ المَالِ حَتَّى تَبَّنْتُمْ مَا تَبَّنْتُمْ, meaning [She shall be expended upon from the whole of the property] until ye make a nice, or minute, inspection [into the circumstances of the case], and say otherwise, (T, S,) i. e., that she shall be expended upon from her own share: (T:) and so in another trad., in which it is said, إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالكَلِمَةِ يُتَبِّنُ فِيهَا يَهْوِى بِهَا فِى النَّارِ, (A 'Obeyd, T, M,) i. e. [Verily a man will say a saying] in which he will be nice, or minute [in expression, whereby he will fall into the fire of Hell]: (TA:) here A 'Obeyd thinks the meaning to be the making language obscure, or abstruse, and disputing in a matter of religion. (T.) Yousay also, تَبِنَ لَهُ (T, M, TA) He understood it; or knew it; or had knowledge, or was cognizant, of it; (TA;) i. q. طَبِنَ. (M.) 2 تبّن, inf. n. تَتْبِينٌ: see 1.

A2: تَبْنّهُ, inf. n. as before, He clad him with a تُبَّان. (TA.) 8 اِتَّبَنَ He clad himself with a تُبَّان. (K.) تَبْنٌ: see what next follows.

تِبْنٌ (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ تَبْنٌ (M, K) Straw; i. e. the stalks, or stems, (عَصِيف, M, K,) or the stalk, or stem, (سَاق, Msb,) of seed-produce, (M, Msb, K,) such as wheat and the like, (M, K,) [generally] after it has been trodden or thrashed [and cut]; (Msb;) wheat when it has been trodden or thrashed [and cut] by the feet of beasts or by repeatedly drawing over it the [machine called] مِدْوَس [q. v.]: (Mgh in art. دوس:) [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة [signifying a straw, or piece of straw]. (S, M.) You say أَقَلُّ مِنْ تِبْنَةٍ [Less than a straw, or piece of straw]. (TA.) A2: Also, the former, A great bowl: (S:) or a bowl that satisfies the thirst of twenty: (K:) or the greatest of bowls, that almost satisfies the thirst of twenty: (Ks, S, M:) next is the صَحْن, which is nearly equal thereto: then, the عُسّ, that satisfies the thirst of three and of four: then, the قَدَح, that satisfies the thirst of two men: then, the قَعْب, that satisfies the thirst of one man: then, the غُمَر: (Ks, S:) or a bowl of rude, or rough, make; not made neatly, or skilfully. (M.) b2: [Hence, probably,] (assumed tropical:) A liberal, or bountiful, and noble, chief. (K.) b3: And A wolf. (K.) تَبِنٌ Intelligent, sagacious, skilful, or knowing; and nice, or minute, in inspection (S, M, K) into affairs; (S;) as also طَبِنٌ: (M:) [or very intelligent, &c.: and accord. to some, in evil: or in good: see تَبِنَ.] b2: And One who plays with his hand with everything. (K.) تَبَّانٌ A seller of تِبْن: (S, M, K:) thus, perfectly decl., if of the measure فَعَّال, from التِّبْنُ: but if of the measure فَعْلَان, from التَّبُّ [the act of cutting (for تِبْن is generally cut by the thrashingmachine)], it is [تَبَّانُ,] imperfectly decl. (S.) تُبَّانٌ Small سَرَاوِيل [or breeches], (S, Mgh, K,) without legs, [i. e. having only two holes through which to put the legs,] (TA in art. ثفر,) [made of linen, and of leather,] of the measure of a span, (S, Mgh,) such as to conceal the anterior and posterior pudenda (S, Mgh, K, TA) only; (TA;) worn by sailors (S, Mgh) [and by wrestlers]: or a thing like سراويل: (M, Msb:) or a thing like small سراويل: (T:) [it is an arabicized word, from the Persian تُنْبَانٌ:] the Arabs make it masc. (T, M, Msb) and fem.: (Msb:) pl. تَبَابِينُ. (T, Msb.) تَبَّانَةٌ (TA) and ↓ مَتْبَنَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and ↓ مَتْبَنٌ (Mgh, Msb) The place, (TA,) or house, or the like, (Mgh, Msb,) of [or for] تِبْن. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) مَتْبَنٌ: see تَبَّانَةٌ.

مَتْبَنَةٌ: see تَبَّانَةٌ.

مَتْبُونٌ, applied to a horse such as is termed بِرْذَون, Of the colour of تِبْن [or straw]. (TA.)

ادو

4 آدى He took his أَدَاةٌ [q. v.]; (M;) he prepared himself; (M, K; [mentioned in the latter in art. ادى;]) or equipped, or accoutred, himself; or furnished, or provided himself with proper, or necessary, apparatus, equipments, or the like; (M;) or he was, or became, in a state of preparation; (Yaakoob, T, S;) لِلسَّفَرِ for journeying, or the journey: (Yaakoob, T, S, M, K:) part. n. مُؤدٍ. (Yaakoob, T, S.) And ↓ تأدّى He took his أَدَاة, [or prepared himself, &c.,] لِلْأَمْرِ for the affair: (M:) or ↓ تآدى he prepared, furnished, equipped, or accoutred, himself for the affair; (Ibn-Buzurj, Az, TA;) from الأَداةُ: (Az, TA:) or ↓ the former of these two verbs, (so in some copies of the S and K,) or ↓ the latter of them, (so in other copies of the S and K, and in the TA,) he took his أَدَاة [or equipments, &c., i. e. he prepared himself,] for [the vicissitudes of] fortune: (S, K:) and ↓ تَآدَوْا, inf. n. تَآدٍ, they took the apparatus, equipments, or the like, that should strengthen, or fortify, them against [the vicissitudes of] fortune &c.: (T:) [accord. to some,] التَّآدِى is [irregularly derived] from الآدُ, meaning “strength.” (TA.) b2: He was, or became, completely armed; (T, TA;) part. n. as above; (T, S, M, Msb;) from الأَدَاةُ: (T, TA:) or he was, or became, strong by means of weapons and the like; part. n. as above: (Msb:) or he was, or became, strong [in an absolute sense]; (S, K; [mentioned in the latter in art. ادى;]) said of a man; from الأَدَاةُ; (S;) part. n. as above. (K.) A2: آداهُ is originally أَعْدَاهُ; the second ا [in آ, for أَا,] being hemzeh substituted for ع in the original; meaning He aided, or assisted, him: [or he avenged him:] or it may be from الأَدَاةُ; meaning he made him to have, or gave him, or assigned to him, weapons, or arms. (Ham p. 387.) [In either case, it should be mentioned in the present art.; as اعدى belongs to art. عدو, and الاداة has for its pl. الأَدَوَاتُ.] You say, آداهُ عَلَى كَذَا, aor. ـْ inf. n. إِيدَآءٌ, He strengthened him, and aided him, or assisted him, against such a thing, or to do such a thing. (S.) And آداهُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ, meaning أَعْدَاهُ and أَعَانَهُ [He avenged him of such a one; or he aided, or assisted, him against such a one]. (M and K in art. عدى .) And مَنْ يُؤدِينِى عَلَى فُلَانٍ Who will aid me, or assist me, against such a one? (S.) The people of El-Hijáz say, عَلَى فُلَانٍ ↓ اسْتَأْدَيْتُهُ فَآدَانِى عَلَيْهِ, meaning اِسْتَعْدَيْتُهُ فَأَعْدَانِى (T, S) and أعَانَنِى (T) [I asked of him (namely the Sultá, T, or the Emeer, S) vengeance of such a one, or aid against such a one, and he avenged me of him, or aided me against him].5 تَاَدَّوَ see 4, in two places.6 تَاَاْدَوَ see 4, in three places.10 استأداهُ عَلَيْهِ i. q. اِسْتَعْدَاهُ [He asked of him aid, or assistance, against him; or vengeance of him]: (T, S, M, K: *) or he complained to him of his (another's) deed to him, in order that he might exact his (the complainant's) right, or due, from him. (TA.) See also 4, last sentence.

أَدَاةٌ An instrument; a tool; an implement; a utensil: and instruments; tools; implements; utensils; apparatus; equipments; equipage; accoutrements; furniture; gear; tackling: syn. آلَةٌ: (T, S, M, Msb, K:) of any tradesman or craftsman; with which he performs the work of his trade or craft: and of war; أَدَاةُ الحَرْبِ signifying weapons, or arms: (Lth, T:) and for an affair [of any kind]: (M:) [applied also to the apparatus of a camel, or of a camel's saddle, &c.: (see حِدْجٌ:)] and ↓ إِدَاوَةٌ signifies the same; (M, TA;) and ↓ أَدَاوَةٌ: (TA:) and ↓ أَدِىٌّ, (S, TA,) like غَنِىٌّ , (TA,) [in some copies of the S آدِىٌّ ,] signifies apparatus, equipments, equipage, accoutrements, furniture, gear, tackling, implements, tools, or the like; syn. أُهْبَةٌ: (S, TA:) the pl. of أَدَاهٌ is أَدَوَاتٌ. (T, S, Msb, K.) You say, أَخَذَ أَدَاتَهُ [He took his apparatus, &c.; or prepared, furnished, equipped, or accoutred, himself]; (S, M, K;) لِلْأَمْرِ [for the affair], and لِلسَّفَرِ [for journeying, or the journey], (M,) and لِلدَّهْرِ [for the vicissitudes of fortune]: (T, S, K:) and it is related on the authority of Ks, that they said أَخَذَ هَدَاتَهُ; substituting ه for أ. (Lh, M). And أخَذْــتُ لِذٰلِكَ

↓ الأَمْر أَدِيَّهُ i. e. أُهْبَتَهُ [I took for that affair its apparatus, &c.]. (S, TA.) And نَحْنُ عَلَى

لِلصَّلَاةِ ↓ أَدِىٍّ We are in a state of preparation for prayer. (S, TA.) b2: [Hence, in grammar, A particle; as being a kind of auxiliary; including the article ال, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection; but not the adverbial noun.]

أَدِىٌّ : see أَدَاةٌ, in three places.

A2: Also A journey; or a journeying: from آدَى لِلسَّفَرِ. (M.) أَدَاوَةٌ: see أَدَاةٌ.

إِدَاوَةٌ i. q. مِطهَرَةٌ; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) i. e. A small vessel [or bag] of skin, made for water, like the سَطِيحَة: (TA:) or, as some say, only of two skins put face to face: (M, TA:) pl. أَدَاوَى; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) originally, by rule, أَدَائِىُ; which is changed, as in the cases of مَطَايَا and خَطَايَا, from the measure فَعَائِلُ to the measure فَعَالَى, so that the و in أَدَاوَى is a substitute for the augmentative ا in the sing., and the final alif [written ى] in أَدَاوَى is a substitute for the و in the sing. (S.) b2: See also أَدَاةٌ.

آدَى [a noun denoting the comparative and superlative degrees, irregularly formed from the verb آدَى; like as the noun آدَى in art. ادى is irregularly formed from the verb أَدَّى in that art.]. You say, هُوَ آدَى شَىْءٍ, meaning أَقْوَاهُ and أعْدَاهُ [It is the strongest kind of thing, and, app., the most effectual to aid or assist, or to avenge]. (TA.) A2: See also art. ادى.

مُؤْدٍ part. n. of the intrans. verb آدى [q. v.]. (T, S, M, &c.) A2: [And act. part. n. of آدَاهُ.]

A3: مُودٍ, without ء, is from أَوْدَى signifying “he perished” [&c.]. (S.)