سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَلَامَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِسَلَامَتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with السَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الإِسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الإِسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from السَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ السَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الإِسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الإِسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِسَلَامَتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) السُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو السَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو السَّلَامَةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ السَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَةٌ [the most usual inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَى and سُلَامَيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلاميات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلاميات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُــكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (السَّلَامَة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الإِسْلَامُ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الإِسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِسْلَامِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِسْلَامِىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الإِسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الإِسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

(س ل م) : (سَلِمَ) مِنْ الْآفَاتِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ أَيْ خَلَصَتْ وَبِمَصْدَرِهِ سُمِّيَتْ (سَلَّامَةُ) بِنْتُ مَعْقِلٍ أَمَةُ الْحُتَاتِ بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ وَالتَّاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَتَيْنِ مِنْ فَوْقَ وَقِيلَ بِالْبَاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَةٍ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (وَبِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ) مِنْهُ سُمِّيَ سَالِمُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ (وَبِفَعَّالِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ وَأَبِي نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ (وَبِفَعْلَانَ مِنْهُ) سُمِّيَ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةِ (وَسَلْمَانُ) أَيْضًا حَيٌّ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ إلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ مِنْ التَّابِعِينَ وَالْمُحَدِّثُونَ عَلَى التَّحْرِيكِ وَأَنْكَرَهُ السِّيرَافِيُّ (وَأَمَّا سُلَيْمَانُ) فَأَعْجَمِيٌّ (وَالسَّلَمُ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْعِضَاهِ (وَبِوَاحِدَتِهِ) سُمِّيَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ (وَكُنِّيَ) أَبُو سَلَمَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ (وَقَوْلُهُ) السُّلَّمُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْبَيْعِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِكْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ يَعْنِي: الْمِعْرَاجَ وَهُوَ مَا يُعْرَجُ فِيهِ وَيُرْتَقَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ يُؤَنَّثُ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ يُقَالُ هِيَ السُّلَّمُ وَهُوَ السُّلَّمُ وَالْجَمْع السَّلَالِيمُ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - سُمِّيَ بِهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ يُسَلِّمُــك إلَى حَيْثُ تُرِيدُ (وَأَسْلَمَ الثَّوْبَ) إلَى الْخَيَّاطِ وَأَسْلَمَ فِي الْبُرِّ أَسْلَفَ مِنْ السَّلَمِ وَأَصْلُهُ أَسْلَمَ الثَّمَنَ فِيهِ فَحُذِفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ (مِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ إذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِي لَبْدٍ أَوْ شَعْرًا فِي مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ وَسَلَّمَ إلَيْهِ وَدِيعَتَهُ تَسْلِيمًا (وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ) لَا يَتِمُّ الرَّهْنُ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّاهِنُ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجَ مَنْ الدَّارِ سَلَّمْتُكَهَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الْجَارِّ فَسَهْوٌ (وَالسَّلَامُ) اسْمٌ مِنْ التَّسْلِيمِ كَالْكَلَامِ مِنْ التَّكْلِيمِ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَكَذَا سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ عَنْ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ أَبُو زَيْنَبَ وَكَانَ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَيُنْشَدُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ
سَقَانِي فَرَوَانِي كُمَيْتًا مُدَامَةً ... عَلَى ظَمَإٍ مِنِّي سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمِ
وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ تَنَاوَلَهُ بِالْيَدِ أَوْ بِالْقُبْلَةِ أَوْ مَسَحَهُ بِالْكَفِّ مِنْ السَّلِمَةِ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَهِيَ الْحَجَرُ (وَبِهَا سُمِّيَ) بَنُو سَلِمَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ.

(سلم) - فيَ الحديث: "ما من آدمي إلا ومَعَه شيطان. قيل: ومَعَك؟
قال: نعم، ولكن الله تَعَالى أَعانَني عليه، فأَسْلَمُ"
وفي رواية: "حتَّى أَسْلَم".
: أي انْقادَ وكَفَّ عن وَسْوَسَتِى. وقيل: دَخَل في الإسْلام، فسَلِمتُ من شَرِّه.

أَجأ:
بوزن فعل، بالتحريك، مهموز مقصور، والنسب إليه أجئيّ بوزن أجعيّ: وهو علم مرتجل لاسم رجل سمّي الجبل به، كما نذكره، ويجوز أن يكون منقولا.
ومعناه الفرار، كما حكاه ابن الأعرابي، يقال: أجأ الرجل إذا فرّ، وقال الزمخشري: أجأ وسلمى جبلان عن يسار سميراء، وقد رأيتهما، شاهقان. ولم يقل عن يسار القاصد إلى مكة أو المنصرف عنها، وقال أبو عبيد السكوني: أجأ أحد جبلي طيّء وهو غربي فيد، وبينهما مسير ليلتين وفيه قرى كثيرة، قال:
ومنازل طيّء في الجبلين عشر ليال من دون فيد إلى أقصى أجإ، إلى القريّات من ناحية الشام، وبين المدينة والجبلين، على غير الجادّة: ثلاث مراحل. وبين الجبلين وتيماء جبال ذكرت في مواضعها من هذا الكتاب، منها دبر وغريّان وغسل. وبين كل جبلين يوم. وبين الجبلين وفدك ليلة. وبينهما وبين خيبر خمس ليال. وذكر العلماء بأخبار العرب أن أجأ سمّي باسم رجل وسمّي سلمى باسم امرأة. وكان من خبرهما أن رجلا من العماليق يقال له أجأ بن عبد الحيّ، عشق امرأة من قومه، يقال لها سلمى. وكانت لها حاضنة يقال لها العوجاء. وكانا يجتمعان في منزلها
حتى نذر بهما إخوة سلمى، وهم الغميم والمضلّ وفدك وفائد والحدثان وزوجها. فخافت سلمى وهربت هي وأجأ والعوجاء، وتبعهم زوجها وإخوتها فلحقوا سلمى على الجبل المسمى سلمى، فقتلوها هناك، فسمّي الجبل باسمها. ولحقوا العوجاء على هضبة بين الجبلين، فقتلوها هناك، فسمّي المكان بها. ولحقوا أجأ بالجبل المسمّى بأجإ، فقتلوه فيه، فسمّي به.
وأنفوا أن يرجعوا إلى قومهم، فسار كل واحد إلى مكان فأقام به فسمي ذلك المكان باسمه، قال عبيد الله الفقير إليه: وهذا أحد ما استدللنا به على بطلان ما ذكره النحويّون من أن أجأ مؤنثة غير مصروفة، لأنه جبل مذكّر، سمّي باسم رجل، وهو مذكر.
وكأنّ غاية ما التزموا به قول امرئ القيس:
أبت أجأ أن تسلم العام جارها، ... فمن شاء فلينهض لها من مقاتل
وهذا لا حجّة لهم فيه، لأن الجبل بنفسه لا يسلم أحدا، إنما يمنع من فيه من الرجال. فالمراد: أبت قبائل أجإ، أو سكّان أجإ، وما أشبهه، فحذف المضاف وأقام المضاف إليه مقامه، يدلّ على ذلك عجز البيت، وهو قوله:
فمن شاء فلينهض لها من مقاتل
والجبل نفسه لا يقاتل، والمقاتلة مفاعلة ولا تكون من واحد، ووقف على هذا من كلامنا نحويّ من أصدقائنا وأراد الاحتجاج والانتصار لقولهم، فكان غاية ما قاله: أن المقاتلة في التذكير والتأنيث مع الظاهر وأنت تراه قال: أبت أجأ. فالتأنيث لهذا الظاهر ولا يجوز أن يكون للقبائل المحذوفة بزعمك، فقلت له: هذا خلاف لكلام العرب، ألا ترى إلى قول حسان بن ثابت:
يسقون من ورد البريص عليهم ... بردى، يصفّق بالرحيق السّلسل
لم يرو أحد قط يصفّق إلا بالياء آخر الحروف لأنه يريد يصفّق ماء بردى، فرده إلى المحذوف وهو الماء، ولم يردّه إلى الظاهر، وهو بردى. ولو كان الأمر على ما ذكرت، لقال: تصفّق، لأن بردى مؤنث لم يجيء على وزنه مذكّر قط. وقد جاء الردّ على المحذوف تارة، وعلى الظاهر أخرى، في قول الله، عز وجل: وكم من قرية أهلكناها فجاءها بأسنا بياتا أوهم قائلون، ألا تراه قال: فجاءها فردّ على الظاهر، وهو القرية، ثم قال: أو هم قائلون فردّ على أهل القرية وهو محذوف، وهذا ظاهر، لا إشكال فيه. وبعد فليس هنا ما يتأوّل به التأنيث، إلا أن يقال: إنه أراد البقعة فيصير من باب التّحكّم، لأن تأويله بالمذكّر ضروريّ، لأنه جبل، والجبل مذكّر، وإنه سمي باسم رجل بإجماع كما ذكرنا، وكما نذكره بعد في رواية أخرى، وهو مكان وموضع ومنزل وموطن ومحلّ ومسكن. ولو سألت كل عربيّ عن أجإ لم يقل إلا أنه جبل، ولم يقل بقعة. ولا مستند إذا للقائل بتأنيثه البتة. ومع هذا فإنني إلى هذه الغاية لم أقف للعرب على شعر جاء فيه ذكر أجإ غير مصروف، مع كثرة استعمالهم لترك صرف ما ينصرف في الشعر، حتى إن أكثر النحويين قد رجّحوا أقوال الكوفيّين في هذه المسألة، وأنا أورد في ذلك من أشعارهم ما بلغني منها، البيت الذي احتجّوا به وقد مرّ، وهو قول امرئ القيس: أبت أجأ، ومنها قول عارق الطائي:
ومن مبلغ عمرو بن هند رسالة، ... إذا استحقبتها العيس تنضى من البعد
أيوعدني، والرمل بيني وبينه! تأمّل رويدا ما أمامة من هند ومن أجإ حولي رعان، كأنها قنابل خيل من كميت ومن ورد
قال العيزار بن الأخفش الطائي، وكان خارجيا:
ألا حيّ رسم الدّار أصبح باليا، ... وحيّ، وإن شاب القذال، الغوانيا
تحمّلن من سلمى فوجّهن بالضّحى ... إلى أجإ، يقطعن بيدا مهاويا
وقال زيد بن مهلهل الطائي:
جلبنا الخيل من أجإ وسلمى، ... تخبّ نزائعا خبب الرّكاب
جلبنا كلّ طرف أعوجيّ، ... وسلهبة كخافية الغراب
نسوف للحزام بمرفقيها، ... شنون الصّلب صمّاء الكعاب
وقال لبيد يصف كتيبة النّعمان:
أوت للشباح، واهتدت بصليلها ... كتائب خضر ليس فيهنّ ناكل
كأركان سلمى، إذ بدت أو كأنّها ... ذرى أجإ، إذ لاح فيه مواسل
فقال فيه ولم يقل فيها، ومواسل قنّة في أجإ، وأنشد قاسم بن ثابت لبعض الأعراب:
إلى نضد من عبد شمس، كأنهم ... هضاب أجا أركانه لم تقصّف
قلامسة ساسوا الأمور، فأحكموا ... سياستها حتى أقرّت لمردف
وهذا، كما تراه، مذكّر مصروف، لا تأويل فيه لتأنيثه.
فإنه لو أنّث لقال: أركانها، فإن قيل هذا لا حجّة فيه لأن الوزن يقوم بالتأنيث، قيل قول امرئ القيس أيضا، لا يجوز لكم الاحتجاج به لأن الوزن يقوم بالتذكير، فيقول: أبى أجأ لكنّا صدّقناكم فاحتججنا، ولا تأويل فيها، وقول الحيص بيص:
أجأ وسلمى أم بلاد الزاب، ... وأبو المظفّر أم غضنفر غاب
ثم إني وقفت بعد ما سطرته آنفا، على جامع شعر امرئ القيس، وقد نصّ الأصمعي على ما قلته، وهو: أن اجأ موضع، وهو أحد جبلي طيّء، والآخر سلمى. وإنما أراد أهل أجإ، كقول الله، عزّ وجل:
واسأل القرية، يريد أهل القرية، هذا لفظه بعينه. ثم وقفت على نسخة أخرى من جامع شعره، قيل فيه:
أرى أجأ لن يسلم العام جاره
ثم قال في تفسير الرواية الأولى: والمعنى أصحاب الجبل لم يسلمــوا جارهم. وقال أبو العرماس: حدثني أبو محمد أنّ أجأ سمّي برجل كان يقال له أجأ، وسمّيت سلمى بامرأة كان يقال لها سلمى، وكانا يلتقيان عند العوجاء، وهو جبل بين أجإ وسلمى، فسمّيت هذه الجبال بأسمائهم. ألا تراه قال: سمي أجأ برجل وسميت سلمى بامرأة، فأنّث المؤنث وذكّر المذكّر. وهذا إن شاء الله كاف في قطع حجاج من خالف وأراد الانتصار بالتقليد. وقد جاء أجا مقصورا غير مهموز في الشعر، وقد تقدّم له شاهد في البيتين اللذين على الفاء، قال العجّاج:
والأمر ما رامقته ملهوجا ... يضويك ما لم يج منه منضجا
فإن تصر ليلى بسلمى أو أجا، ... أو باللوى أو ذي حسا أو يأججا
وأما سبب نزول طيّء الجبلين، واختصاصهم بسكناهما دون غيرهم من العرب، فقد اختلفت الرّواة فيه. قال ابن الكلبي، وجماعة سواه: لما تفرق بنو سبا أيام سيل العرم سار جابر وحرملة ابنا أدد بن زيد بن الهميسع قلت: لا أعرف جابرا وحرملة وفوق كل ذي علم عليم، وتبعهما ابن أخيهما طيّء، واسمه جلهمة، قلت: وهذا أيضا لا أعرفه، لأن طيّئا عند ابن الكلبي، هو جلهمة بن أدد بن زيد بن يشجب بن عريب بن زيد بن كهلان. والحكاية عنه، وكان أبو عبيدة، قال زيد بن الهميسع: فساروا نحو تهامة وكانوا فيما بينها وبين اليمن، ثم وقع بين طيّء وعمومته ملاحاة ففارقهم وسار نحو الحجاز بأهله وماله وتتبّع مواقع القطر، فسمّي طيّئا لطيّه المنازل، وقيل إنه سمّي طيّئا لغير ذلك، وأوغل طيّء بأرض الحجاز، وكان له بعير يشرد في كل سنة عن إبله، ويغيب ثلاثة أشهر، ثم يعود إليه وقد عبل وسمن وآثار الخضرة بادية في شدقيه، فقال لابنه عمرو: تفقّد يا بنيّ هذا البعير فإذا شرد فاتبع أثره حتى تنظر إلى أين ينتهي. فلما كانت أيام الربيع وشرد البعير تبعه على ناقة له فلم يزل يقفر أثره حتى صار إلى جبل طيء، فأقام هنالك ونظر عمرو إلى بلاد واسعة كثيرة المياه والشجر والنخيل والريف، فرجع إلى أبيه وأخبره بذلك فسار طيء بإبله وولده حتى نزل الجبلين فرآهما أرضا لها شأن، ورأى فيها شيخا عظيما، جسيما، مديد القامة، على خلق العاديّين ومعه امرأة على خلقه يقال لها سلمى، وهي امرأته وقد اقتسما الجبلين بينهما بنصفين، فأجأ في أحد النصفين وسلمى في الآخر، فسألهما طيء عن أمرهما، فقال الشيخ: نحن من بقايا صحار غنينا بهذين الجبلين عصرا بعد عصر، أفنانا كرّ الليل والنهار، فقال له طيء:
هل لك في مشاركتي إياك في هذا المكان فأكون لك مؤنسا وخلّا؟ فقال الشيخ: إنّ لي في ذلك رأيا فأقم فإن المكان واسع، والشجر يانع، والماء طاهر، والكلأ غامر. فأقام معه طيء بإبله وولده بالجبلين، فلم يلبث الشيخ والعجوز إلا قليلا حتى هلكا وخلص المكان لطي فولده به إلى هذه الغاية.
قالوا: وسألت العجوز طيّئا ممّن هو، فقال طيء:
إنّا من القوم اليمانيّينا ... إن كنت عن ذلك تسألينا
وقد ضربنا في البلاد حينا ... ثمّت أقبلنا مهاجرينا
إذ سامنا الضّيم بنو أبينا ... وقد وقعنا اليوم فيما شينا
ريفا وماء واسعا معينا
ويقال إن لغة طيء هي لغة هذا الشيخ الصّحاري والعجوز امرأته. وقال أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد في كتاب افتراق العرب: لما خرجت طيء من أرضهم من الشحر ونزلوا بالجبلين، أجإ وسلمى، ولم يكن بهما أحد وإذا التمر قد غطّى كرانيف النخل، فزعموا أن الجنّ كانت تلقّح لهم النخل في ذلك الزمان، وكان في ذلك التمر خنافس، فأقبلوا يأكلون التمر والخنافس، فجعل بعضهم يقول: ويلكم الميّث أطيب من الحيّ. وقال أبو محمد الأعرابي أكتبنا أبو الندى قال: بينما طيء ذات يوم جالس مع ولده بالجبلين إذ أقبل رجل من بقايا جديس، ممتدّ القامة، عاري الجبلّة، كاد يسدّ الأفق طولا، ويفرعهم باعا، وإذا هو الأسود بن غفار بن الصّبور الجديسي،
وكان قد نجا من حسّان تبّع اليمامة ولحق بالجبلين، فقال لطي: من أدخلكم بلادي وإرثي عن آبائي؟
اخرجوا عنها وإلا فعلت وفعلت. فقال طيء:
البلاد بلادنا وملكنا وفي أيدينا، وإنما ادّعيتها حيث وجدتها خلاء. فقال الأسود: اضربوا بيننا وبينكم وقتا نقتتل فيه فأيّنا غلب استحقّ البلد. فاتّعدا لوقت، فقال طيء لجندب بن خارجة بن سعد بن فطرة بن طيء وأمّه جديلة بنت سبيع بن عمرو ابن حمير وبها يعرفون، وهم جديلة طيء، وكان طيء لها مؤثرا، فقال لجندب: قاتل عن مكرمتك.
فقالت أمه: والله لتتركنّ بنيك وتعرضنّ ابني للقتل! فقال طيء: ويحك إنما خصصته بذلك.
فأبت، فقال طيء لعمرو بن الغوث بن طيء:
فعليك يا عمرو الرجل فقاتله. فقال عمرو: لا أفعل، وأنشأ يقول وهو أول من قال الشعر في طيء بعد طيء:
يا طيء أخبرني، ولست بكاذب، ... وأخوك صادقك الذي لا يكذب
أمن القضيّة أن، إذا استغنيتم ... وأمنتم، فأنا البعيد الأجنب
وإذا الشدائد بالشدائد مرّة، ... أشجتكم، فأنا الحبيب الأقرب
عجبا لتلك قضيّتي، وإقامتي ... فيكم، على تلك القضيّة، أعجب
ألكم معا طيب البلاد ورعيها، ... ولي الثّماد ورعيهنّ المجدب
وإذا تكون كريهة أدعى لها، ... وإذا يحاس الحيس يدعى جندب
هذا لعمركم الصّغار بعينه، ... لا أمّ لي، إن كان ذاك، ولا أب
فقال طيء: يا بنيّ إنها أكرم دار في العرب. فقال عمرو: لن أفعل إلا على شرط أن لا يكون لبني جديلة في الجبلين نصيب. فقال له طيء: لك شرطك.
فأقبل الأسود بن غفار الجديسي للميعاد ومعه قوس من حديد ونشّاب من حديد فقال: يا عمرو إن شئت صارعتك وإن شئت ناضلتك وإلا سايفتك.
فقال عمرو: الصّراع أحبّ إليّ فاكسر قوسك لأكسرها أيضا ونصطرع. وكانت لعمرو بن الغوث ابن طيء قوس موصولة بزرافين إذا شاء شدّها وإذا شاء خلعها، فأهوى بها عمرو فانفتحت عن الزرافين واعترض الأسود بقوسه ونشّابه فكسرها، فلما رأى عمرو ذلك أخذ قوسه فركّبها وأوترها وناداه: يا أسود استعن بقوسك فالرمي أحبّ إليّ. فقال الأسود: خدعتني. فقال عمرو: الحرب خدعة، فصارت مثلا، فرماه عمرو ففلق قلبه وخلص الجبلان لطي، فنزلهما بنو الغوث، ونزلت جديلة السهل منهما لذلك. قال عبيد الله الفقير إليه:
في هذا الخبر نظر من وجوه، منها أن جندبا هو الرابع من ولد طيء فكيف يكون رجلا يصلح لمثل هذا الأمر؟ ثم الشعر الذي أنشده وزعم أنه لعمرو ابن الغوث، وقد رواه أبو اليقظان وأحمد بن يحيى ثعلب وغيرهما من الرّواة الثقات لهانىء بن أحمر الكناني شاعر جاهليّ. ثم كيف تكون القوس حديدا وهي لا تنفذ السّهم إلّا برجوعها؟ والحديد إذا اعوجّ لا يرجع البتّة. ثم كيف يصحّ في العقل أن قوسا بزرافين؟
هذا بعيد في العقل إلى غير ذلك من النظر. وقد روى بعض أهل السير من خبر الأسود بن غفار ما هو أقرب إلى القبول من هذا، وهو أنّ الأسود لما أفلت
من حسّان تبّع، كما نذكره إن شاء الله تعالى في خبر اليمامة، أفضى به الهرب حتى لحق بالجبلين قبل أن ينزلهما طيء، وكانت طيء تنزل الجوف من أرض اليمن، وهي اليوم محلّة همدان ومراد، وكان سيّدهم يومئذ أسامة بن لؤي بن الغوث بن طيء وكان الوادي مسبعة وهم قليل عددهم فجعل ينتابهم بعير في زمن الخريف يضرب في إبلهم، ولا يدرون أين يذهب، إلا أنهم لا يرونه إلى قابل، وكانت الأزد قد خرجت من اليمن أيام سيل العرم فاستوحشت طيء لذلك وقالت: قد ظعن إخواننا وساروا إلى الأرياف، فلما همّوا بالظعن، قالوا لأسامة: إن هذا البعير الذي يأتينا إنما يأتينا من بلد ريف وخصب وإنا لنرى في بعره النّوى، فلو إنا نتعهده عند انصرافه فشخصنا معه لعلنا نصيب مكانا خيرا من مكاننا. فلما كان الخريف جاء البعير فضرب في إبلهم، فلما انصرف تبعه أسامة بن لؤي بن الغوث وحبّة بن الحارث بن فطرة بن طيء فجعلا يسيران بسير الجمل وينزلان بنزوله، حتى أدخلهما باب أجإ، فوقفا من الخصب والخير على ما أعجبهما، فرجعا إلى قومهما فأخبراهم به فارتحلت طيء بجملتها إلى الجبلين، وجعل أسامة بن لؤي يقول:
اجعل ظريبا كحبيب ينسى، ... لكلّ قوم مصبح وممسى
وظريب اسم الموضع الذي كانوا ينزلون فيه قبل الجبلين، قال فهجمت طيء على النخل بالشّعاب على مواش كثيرة، وإذا هم برجل في شعب من تلك الشعاب وهو الأسود بن غفار، فهالهم ما رأوا من عظم خلقه وتخوّفوه، فنزلوا ناحية من الأرض فاستبرؤوها فلم يروا بها أحدا غيره. فقال أسامة بن لؤي لابن له يقال له الغوث: يا بنيّ إن قومك قد عرفوا فضلك في الجلد والبأس والرّمي، فاكفنا أمر هذا الرجل، فإن كفيتنا أمره فقد سدت قومك آخر الدهر، وكنت الذي أنزلتنا هذا البلد. فانطلق الغوث حتى أتى الرجل، فسأله، فعجب الأسود من صغر خلق الغوث، فقال له:
من أين أقبلتم؟ فقال له: من اليمن. وأخبره خبر البعير ومجيئهم معه، وأنهم رهبوا ما رأوا من عظم خلقه وصغرهم عنه، فأخبرهم باسمه ونسبه. ثم شغله الغوث ورماه بسهم فقتله، وأقامت طيء بالجبلين وهم بهما إلى الآن. وأما أسامة بن لؤي وابنه الغوث هذا فدرجا ولا عقب لهما.

(سَلَمَ)
فِي أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى «السَّلامُ»
قِيلَ مَعْناه سلامتُه مِمَّا يلْحق الخَلق مِنَ العَيب والفَناء.

سكر: سكر: شرب الخمر. ففي ألف ليلة (يرسل 9: 238): فأكلوا وسكروا = (ص239) أكل وشرب مداماً.
سكر: رشف، مص، مصمص (هلو).
سكر (بالتشديد): سدَّ (لين تاج العروس برجون، بوشر، شمبرت ص192، محيط المحيط، ألف ليلة يرسل 4: 331) وقد صفحت الكلمة في معجم الكالا فصارت سَرَّك (انظر الكلمة) وانظر المصدر تسكير.
سَكّر الشيء: صار كالسكّر (محيط المحيط) - سكَّر: تبلور السكّر (بوشر).
أسكر. أسكر الباب: سكَرّها وسدّها (باين سميث 1502).
تسُكّر: سَدّ (بوشر).
تسكَّر: سُدَّ (بوشر) ففي حكاية باسم الحداد (ص58): فقال له الرشيد كنت رُحُتَ إلى حمام الخليفة فقال أول ما تسكَّر هي قال له كنت سُرت إلى حمام الست زبيدة قال والآخرة أيضاً سُكرّت.
سُكْر: دهش الصوفية (المقري 1: 569، 580، 582).
سُكْر: قوة مسكرة. ففي المستعيني: داذي: يُدَقُّ ويُلْقَى في نبيذ التمر ببغداد فيقوى سُكْره ويطيب رائحته (وضبط الكلمات في مخطوطة ن).
سَكْرَة: إغماء، فقدان الحس (ألف ليلة 1: 803) سَكْرَة: جرعة خمر. ففي ألف ليلة (يرسل 9: 238): فقالت لهم اقصدوا جبري في لقمة وسكرة فأدخلتهم فأكلوا وسكروا. وفيها أيضاً عليك أن تقرأ سَكْرَة طبقاً للمخطوطة (انظر ص35).
وفي لطائف الثعالبي (ص36): وسكْرةٍ من نبيذ دِبْسٍ والناشر الذي لا يعرف هذا المعنى لكلمة سكرة قد أبدلها بكلمة زُكْرة التي وجدها في نسخة أخرى من هذه القصيدة. (كول ص89) وهي تدل أيضاً على معنى جيد، غير إنه ليس من الضروري الابتعاد عن مخطوطة اللطائف. وأخيراً فمن الممكن أن تنطقها سُكْرة، وهي إذا بمعنى زُكرة. (انظر المادة التالية).
سُكْرَة = زُكْرَة: زقّ (باين سميث 1147) وانظر المادة السابقة.
سُكْرِيّ: سكران، ثمل (بوشر).
خام سكري: النوع الرقيق من القماش القطني الذي يصنع في مدينة كليكوت في مالطة (اسبينا مجلة الشرق والجزائر 13: 152) وفيها: سُكْري.
سكران: من أصابه الدهش الصوفي (المقري 1: 580).
خَمِيس السُكارَى: خميس المرفع، وهو الخميس الذي يسبق الأحد الواقع قبل أربعاء الرماد أي الخميس قبل الصوم الكبير. (بوشر).
سِكْران وجمعها سَكارِين: تصحيف سَكْران (ألكالا).
سَكَران: سُكْر صوفي، دهش صوفي (المقري 1: 582).
سَكِير: سكران، ثمل (المعجم اللاتيني - العربي سُكَّر. سكر العُشَر (انظر فريتاج في مادة غشَر): اسمه العلمي: calotropis gigantea وهو صمغ قليل الحلاوة يؤخذ من شجرة العُشَر (ابن البيطار 2: 36، 524، الجريدة الآسيوية 1853، 1: 164) وقد وصفه بلون (ص334).
سكر مُمَسَّك: ماء حلى بالسكر ووضع فيه مسك (ألف ليلة 1: 84). سَكاكر: جمع سكّر: حلويات (بوشر).
سُكَّرة: مغلاق من خشب (همبرت ص193، محيط المحيط).
سُكَّري. كمثري سكري: كمثرى حلو كأنه حلى بالسكر (ابن العوام 1: 441 وموز سكرى كذلك (ألادريسى ج1، فصل7).
سُكَّريَّة: مصنع السكر، معمل السكر (بوشر).
سُكَّرَيَّة: وعاء السكر (بوشر).
سَكَّار: سِكِيّر (ألكالا، هلو).
سَكَّار: عامل يشتغل في السدود (معجم الماوردي).
سككري: قفّال، حداد يصنع الأقفال (همبرت ص85).
سَكاكِريّ: عطار، عقاقيري، يقّال (هلو، مجلة الشرق والجزائر 2: 265، دوماس عادات ص259).
سيكران: نبات اسمه العلمي: Hyosciamus albus L وهو بنج تفعل أوراقه فعل الأفيون. (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 347، غراس ص332، دوماس عادات ص383، ابن البيطار 1: 175، 2: 74).
سيكران الحوت: نبات اسمه العلمي: Verbascum ( ابن البيطار 2: 74) وفي 1: 118) منه، زهر سيكران الحوت. وفي (1: 184): وعامتنا بالأندلس تسمّيه بالبرباشكة (بالبرباشكوه في مخطوطة ب) باللطينية وهو عندهم سيكران الحوت أيضاً (2: 460، 527).
سَيْكَران الدَّور (هذا الضبط في مخطوطتنا): اسم تطلقه العامة على البنج أو Hyociamus albus L ( معجم المنصوري مادة بنج). تَسْكِير. التسكير والحبس المديد في الدير: النذر بعدم الخروج من الدير (بوشر).
مُسْكِر: تقابل العبرية شكر: سَكَر. كل شراب يسكر (جسنيوس 1410، السعدية النشيد 69 البيت 13، أبو الوليد ص432 رقم8) مسكرة: في طرابلس الشام: مسطار، سلاف، عصير العنب (باين سميث 1635) مسكرة، في اليمن: مرض الحبوب، وربما كان داء القمح وهو يشبه الصدأ، شَقِران (نيبور رحلة ص34 وفيه مُسْكُرَه. مُسَكَّرات: حلويات (ألف ليلة يرسل 1: 149) مَسْكُور وجمعها مسكورية: من يقوم بالتأمين على البضائع (بوشر) وهو يذكر سكورتا أي تأمين، وهي الكلمة الإيطالية sicurta. وكلمة مسكور من نفس هذا الأصل.

سكر

1 سَكِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. سَكَرٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and سُكْرٌ, (A, Mgh, K,) or this is a simple subst., (S, Msb,) and سُكُرٌ and سَكْرٌ (K) and سِكَرٌ (Msb) and سَكَرَانٌ, (K,) He was, or became, intoxicated, inebriated, or drunken; (MA, KL, &c.;) contr. of صَحَا. (S, A, K.) [See also سُكْرٌ, below.] b2: [Hence,] سَكِرَ عَلَىَّفُلَانٌ, (A,) inf. n. سَكَرٌ, (K,) (tropical:) Such a one was, or became, violently angry with me: (A:) or angry; or enraged. (K.) and لَهُ عَلَىَّ سَكَرٌ (tropical:) He has violent anger against me. (A.) b3: And سَكِرَتْ أَبْصَارُنَا; and سَكِرَت أَبْصَارُ القَوْمِ; and سَكِرَتْ عَيْنُهُ: see 2. b4: Also سَكِرَ, aor. ـَ (TK,) inf. n. سَكَرٌ, (IAar, K,) It (a wateringtrough, or tank, TK) was, or became, full. (IAar, K, TK.) b5: And سَكِرَتِ الرِّيحُ, (A, and so in my MS. copy of the K,) or سَكَرَت, (S, O, and so in the CK,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) or, as some relate a verse of Jendel Ibn-El-Muthennà Et-Tuhawee, in which it occurs, سَكَرَ, (O,) [indicating that the pret. is سَكِرَت or that the aor. is irreg.,] inf. n. سُكُورٌ (S, O, K) and سَكَرَانٌ, (K,) (tropical:) The wind became still, (S, A, O, K,) after blowing. (S.) And سَكَرَ, [or سَكِرَ,] inf. n. سُكُورٌ, (tropical:) It (water) became still, ceasing to run: so says Az: and (tropical:) it (the sea) became calm, or motionless: so says IAar. (TA.) And سَكِرَ, (A,) or سَكَرَ, aor. ـُ (TA,) (tropical:) It (food [in a cooking-pot], or hot water, A, or a hot thing, TA) ceased to boil, or estuate, (A, TA,) or to burn, or be hot: (TA:) and (assumed tropical:) it (heat) became allayed, or it subsided. (TA.) A2: سَكَرَهُ: see 4. b2: Also, (IAar, TA,) aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. سَكْرٌ, (K,) He filled it. (IAar, K, * TA.) b3: Also, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. as above, (S, Msb,) and so the inf. n.; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and ↓ سكّرهُ, inf. n. تَسْكِيرٌ; (MF;) He stopped it up, or dammed it; namely, a river, or rivulet. (S, Mgh, Msb, K, MF.) And hence, سَكَرَ البَابَ, and ↓ سكّرهُ, (assumed tropical:) He closed, or stopped up, the door. (TA.) b4: سُكِرَتْ أَبْصَارُنَا: see 2.2 سكّرهُ: see 4. b2: And see also 1, last two explanations. b3: سُكِرَتْ أَبْصَارُنَا, in the Kur [xv. 15], means (tropical:) Our eyes have been prevented from seeing, and dazzled: (S, K:) or have been covered over: (Aboo-' Amr Ibn-El-' Alà, S, K:) and ↓ سُكِرَتْ, without teshdeed, have been prevented from seeing: (Fr, K: *) or this latter, which is the reading of El-Hasan, means, accord. to him, have been enchanted: (S:) or both mean, have been covered and closed by enchantment, so that we imagined ourselves to behold things which we did not really see: (T, TA:) Mujáhid explains the latter reading as meaning, have been stopped up; i. e., have been covered by that which prevented their seeing, like as water is prevented from flowing by a سِكْر [or dam]: (A 'Obeyd:) and another reading is ↓ سَكِرَتْ, meaning, have become dazzled, like those of the intoxicated: (Ksh, Bd: *) AO says that أَبْصَارُ القَوْمِ ↓ سَكِرَتْ means (tropical:) The people became affected by a giddiness; and an affection like cloudiness of the eye, or weakness of the sight, came over them, so that they did not see; and Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà says that this signification is derived from سُكْرٌ; as though their eyes were intoxicated: Zj says that عَيْنُهُ ↓ سَكِرَتْ means (assumed tropical:) his eye became dazzled, and ceased to see. (TA.) b4: سُكِّرَ لِلْحَاجَةِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) His judgment, or opinion, was confused respecting the object of want, is said of a man only before he has determined upon the thing alluded to. (TA.) b5: سكّرهُ, inf. n. تَسْكِيرٌ, also signifies He squeezed his throat, or throttled him. (S, K.) One says, البَعِيرُ يُسَكِّرُ آخَرَ بِذِرَاعِهِ حَتَّى يَكَادُ يَقْتُلُهُ [The camel throttles another with his arm so that he almost kills him]. (S.) 4 اسكرهُ It (wine, or beverage,) intoxicated, or inebriated, him; (S, A;) or deprived him of his reason; (Msb;) as also, accord. to some, ↓ سَكَرَهُ; (MF, TA;) but the former is that which commonly obtains; (TA;) [and ↓ سكّرهُ has the same signification; or its inf. n.] تَسْكِيرٌ signifies the causing, or making, to be affected with the remains of intoxication. (KL. [See the pass. part. n. of this last, below.]) The first is also said of قريض [app. a mistranscription for قريص, which may be syn. with قَارِصٌ, meaning “ sour milk,” for this has an effect like intoxication when too much of it has been drunk]; and thus applied it is tropical. (TA.) 6 تساكر He feigned intoxication, or a state of drunkenness. (S, A. *) 8 استكر الضَّرْعُ The udder became full of milk. (MA.) b2: And استكرت السَّمَآءُ The sky rained vehemently. (MA.) سَكْرٌ: see سَكْرَانُ: A2: and سِكْرٌ.

A3: Also A certain herb, or leguminous plant, (بَقْلَةٌ,) of such as are termed أَحْرَار [pl. of حُرٌّ], (Aboo-Nasr, K,) which is of the best of بُقُول: (TA as from the K: [but not in my MS. copy of the K nor in the CK:]) AHn says that no description of its general attributes or qualities had come to his knowledge. (TA.) سُكْرٌ an inf. n., (A, Mgh, K,) or a simple subst., signifying Intoxication, inebriation, or drunkenness; i. e. the state thereof; (S, Msb;) a state that intervenes as an obstruction between a man and his intellect; mostly used in relation to intoxicating drinks: but sometimes as meaning (assumed tropical:) such a state arising from anger, or from the passion of love: a poet says, سُكْرَانِ سُكْرُ هَوًى وَسُكْرُ مُدَامَةٍ

أَنَّى يُفِيقُ فَتًى بِهِ سُكْرَانِ [Two intoxications, the intoxication of love and the intoxication of wine: how shall a youth recover his senses in whom are two intoxications?]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) سِكْرٌ a subst. from السَّكْرُ (Mgh, K) as meaning “ the stopping up, or damming,” of the river, or rivulet; (K;) i. e. A dam; a thing with which a river, or rivulet, is stopped up; (S, * Msb, K, TA;) and ↓ سَكْرٌ, originally an inf. n., occurs in the same sense: (Mgh:) the pl. of the former is سُكُورٌ. (K.) سَكَرٌ Wine: (K:) so, accord. to Fr and others in the Kur [xvi. 69], تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا, meaning, ye obtain therefrom wine, and raisins and dried dates and the like; this being said before wine was prohibited: (TA:) and the [beverage called] نَبِيذ (S, A) prepared from dried dates: (S:) so in the Kur, ubi suprà: (S:) or the expressed juice of fresh ripe dates when it has become strong; (Mgh, Msb;) originally an inf. n.: (Mgh:) or an infusion of dried dates, untouched by fire: (A 'Obeyd:) a beverage, (A,) or نَبِيذ, (K,) made from dried dates and from كَشُوث [a species of cuscuta, or dodder] (A, K) and myrtle, آس, (A,) which is the most bitter beverage in the world, (A,) and forbidden like wine; (TA;) or made from dried dates and كشوث, disposed layer upon layer, upon which water is poured; and some assert that sometimes myrtle (آس) is mixed with it, and this increases its strength: (AHn:) also anything that intoxicates: (K:) and what is forbidden [that is obtained] from fruit (I'Ab, T, K) [of the palm-tree and grape vine], meaning wine, before its being forbidden; and الرِّزْقُ الحَسَنُ is what is lawful [that is obtained] from grapes and dates: (I 'Ab, T, TA:) and vinegar; (K;) accord. to some of the expositors of the Kur, ubi suprà; but this is a meaning unknown to the leading lexicologists: (B, TA:) and food: (K:) so accord. to AO alone; as in the following saying of a poet; جَعَلْتَ أَعْرَاضَ الكِرَامِ سَكَرَا [Thou hast made the reputations of the generous to be food: or] thou hast made the vituperation of the generous to be food to thee: but the leading lexicologists disallow this; and Zj says that the more probable meaning here is wine. (TA.) سَكِرٌ: see سَكْرَانُ: b2: and سِكِيرٌ.

سَكْرَةٌ A fit of intoxication: (A, Mgh:) pl. سَكَرَاتٌ. (Mgh.) You say, ذَهَبَ بَيْنَ الصَّحْوَةِ وَالسَّكْرَةِ He went away in state between that of sensibility and insensibility, or mental perception and inability thereof. (TA.) b2: and (tropical:) A fit of anger. (TA.) b3: And (tropical:) An overpowering sensation of delight, affecting youth. (TA.) b4: سَكْرَةُ المَوْتِ (tropical:) [The intoxication of death; meaning] the confusion of the intellect by reason of the severity of the agony of death: (B, TA:) the oppressive sensation attendant upon death, which deprives the sufferer of reason: (Bd in 1. 18:) the oppressive sensation, (S, A, * Mgh, K,) and disturbance of the mind, and insensibility, (K,) attendant upon death. (S, * A, Mgh, K.) And in like manner, سَكْرَةُ الهَمِ, (K,) and النَّوْمِ, (TA,) (tropical:) The oppressive sensation, &c., attendant upon anxiety, (K,) and upon sleep. (TA.) سَكَرَةٌ I. q. شَيْلَمٌ; (K;) [or resembling the شَيْلَم; (see زُؤَانٌ;) a certain plant, app. called by the former name because a decoction thereof is used as an anæsthetic; said to be] the same that is called مُرَيْرَآءُ, that is [often found] in wheat. (TA.) سَكْرَانُ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَكْرَانٌ, (TA,) which latter is seldom used, and is of the dial. of the Benoo-Asad, as is said in the S and Msb of its fem., (TA,) and ↓ سَكْرٌ; (K; [in the TA ↓ سَكِرٌ, but this is afterwards mentioned in the K as an intensive epithet;]) fem. [of the first,] سَكْرَى; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and [of the second,] سَكْرَانَةٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and [of the third,] سَكْرَةٌ; (K; [in the TA سَكِرَهٌ;]) Intoxicated; inebriated; drunken: (S, Msb, K:) [see سُكْرٌ:] pl. سُكَارَى [which is said in the TA to be also pl. of سَكِرٌ] and سَكَارَى, (S, Msb, K:) of which the former is the more common, or, as some say, the latter, and the former of which is said to be the only instance of the kind, except كُسَالَى and عُجَالَى and غُيَارَى, (TA,) [to which should be added حُيَارَى, and probably some other instances,] and سَكْرَى; (S, K;) or this is a fem. sing. applied as an epithet to a pl. n.; (Fr;) and in the Kur iv. 46, ElAamash read سُكْرَى, with damm, which is very strange, since no pl. of the measure فُعْلَى is known. (TA.) Th says that the words of the Kur [iv. 46] لَا تَقْرَبُواالصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى [Engage ye not in prayer when ye are intoxicated] was said before the prohibition of wine was revealed: others say that the meaning is, when ye are intoxicated with sleep. (TA.) سُكُرْكَةٌ, written by Sh سُكْرُكَةٌ: see art. سكرك. (TA.) سَكُورٌ: see سِكِيرٌ.

سُكَّرٌ [Sugar;] a certain sweet substance, (TA,) well known: (Msb, TA:) a Pers\. word, (S,) arabicized, (S, K,) from شَكَرْ: (K:) n. un. with ة [signifying a piece of sugar]: (S, K:) it is hot and moist, accord. to the most correct opinion; but some say, cold: and the best sort of it is the transparent, called طَبَرْزَذٌ; and the old is more delicate than the new: it is injurious to the stomach, engendering yellow bile; but the juice of the لَيْمُون and نَارَنْج counteract its noxiousness: it is said to be a word recently introduced; but some say that it occurs in one trad. (TA.) b2: Also Like سُكَّر [or sugar] in sweetness: so used by Aboo-Ziyád El-Kilábee. (TA.) b3: Also A certain kind of sweet fresh ripe dates; (K;) a sort of fresh ripe dates, likened to sugar in sweetness: (Mgh:) or a kind of very sweet dates; (AHát, T, Msb;) known to the people of ElBahreyn, (T,) and in Sijilmáseh and Dar'ah, and, as some say, in El-Medeeneh, where, how-ever, they require to be dried artificially. (MF.) b4: A kind of grapes, which, being affected by what is termed مَرَق, fall off, (K,) for the most part: their bunches are of middling size; and they are white, juicy, and very sweet, (TA,) of the best kinds of grapes; (K;) and are made into raisins. (TA.) سُكَّرِىٌّ [Sugary; saccharine. b2: And] Cake containing sugar, or barley-sugar, with almonds, or pistachio-nuts. (MA.) سَكَّارٌ One who makes, or sells, the beverage called نَبِيذ; syn. نَبَّاذٌ. (S, K.) سِكِّيرٌ One who intoxicates himself much, or often; a drunkard; a tippler; (K;) as also ↓ مِسْكِيرٌ (S, K) and ↓ سَكُورٌ (IAar, K) and ↓ سَكِرٌ: (K:) or constantly intoxicated: (S:) the pl. of سَكِرٌ is سُكَارَى, which is also pl. of سَكْرَانُ. (TA.) رِيحٌ سَاكِرَةٌ (tropical:) Wind becoming still. (A.) and لَيْلَةٌ سَاكِرَةٌ (tropical:) A still night; a night in which the wind is still; (S, * A;) a night in which there is no wind. (TA.) And مَآءٌ سَاكِرٌ (tropical:) Still, not running, water. (Az, TA.) سَيْكُرَانٌ A certain plant, always green, the grain whereof is eaten: (K: [but this description seems to be an incorrect abstract of what here follows:]) Ed-Deenawaree [i. e. AHn] says, it is of the plants that continue green throughout the whole of the summer: I asked a sheykh of the Arabs of Syria, and he said, it is the سُخَر, [correctly سُخَّر,] and we eat it in its fresh state, with what an eating! and, he said, it has green grains, like the grain of the رَازِيَانَج [or fennel], except that they are round: (O:) [in the present day, it is applied to henbane, or a species thereof: accord. to Forskål, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. lxiii.,) hyoscyamus datora. See also شَيْكُرَانٌ.]

مُسَكَّرٌ Affected with the remains of intoxication. (S, K.) مِسْكِيرٌ: see سِكِيرٌ.

زهد

1 زَهِدَ فِيهِ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and عَنْهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـَ (S, K;) [the most usual form of the verb;] and زَهَدَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K;) which is the most approved form, though MF says otherwise; (TA;) and زَهُدَ, aor. ـُ (Th, K;) inf. n. زُهْدٌ and زَهَادَةٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and زَهْدٌ; (Sb, TA;) He abstained from it; [meaning, from something that would gratify the passions or senses;] relinquished it; forsook it; shunned, or avoided, it; did not desire it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) contr. of رَغِبَ [i. e. of رَغِبَ فِيهِ], (S, K,) and i. q. رَغِبَ عَنْهُ, (A, Mgh,) and لَمْ يُرِدْهُ, (Mgh,) and تَرَكَهُ and أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ: (Msb:) or he abstained from it, meaning a thing of the lawfulness of which he was sure, so far as to take the least that was sufficient thereof, leaving the rest to God: (MF:) or زَهَادَةٌ relates only to worldly things; and زُهْدٌ, to matters of religion: (Kh, Msb, K:) or both signify the exercising oneself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion; as also ↓ تَزَهُّدٌ: (KL:) he who makes a difference between زَهِدَ فِيهِ and زَهِدَ عَنْهُ errs. (Mgh.) b2: زَهَادَةٌ and زُهْدٌ also signify [particularly The being abstinent in respect of eating;] the eating little. (A, TA.) b3: And زَهَدَ and ↓ ازهد He straitened his household, by reason of niggardliness or poverty. (TA in art. زنق.) A2: زَهَدَهُ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. زَهْدٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He computed, or determined, its quantity, measure, size, bulk, proportion, extent, amount, sum, or number; or he computed by conjecture its quantity or measure &c., or the quantity of its fruit; as also ↓ ازهدهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. إِزْهَادٌ; and ↓ زهّدهُ, inf. n. تَزْهِيدٌ: all used in relation to palm-trees. (TA.) You say, زَهَدْتُ النَّخْلُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (tropical:) I computed by conjecture the quantity of the fruit upon the palm-trees. (Esh-Sheybánee, S, TA.) And زَهَدْتُ المَالَ (assumed tropical:) I computed by conjecture the quantity, or amount, of the property; or the number of the camels or cattle. (JK.) 2 زهّدهُ فِيهِ [and عَنْهُ] He made him, or caused him, to abstain from it; to relinquish it; to forsake it; to shun, or avoid, it; or to be not desirous of it; (L, Msb;) i. q. زَغَّبَهُ عَنْهُ; (L;) trans. of زَهِدَ فِيهِ: (Msb:) [i. e.] التَّزْهِيدُ فِى الشَّىْءِ and عَنْهُ is the contr. of التَّرْغِيبُ فِيهِ. (S, K. *) b2: And التَّزْهِيدُ is also (tropical:) syn. with التَّبْخِيلُ. (K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, التَّبْخِيلُ.]) One says, النَّاسُ يُزَهِّدُونَهُ and يُبَخِّلُونَهُ (tropical:) [Men, or the people, impute to him, or accuse him of, niggardliness, or stinginess]. (A, TA.) And 'Adee. Ibn-Zeyd says, وَ لَلْبَخْلَةُ الأُولَى لِمَنْ كَانَ بَاخِلًا

أَعَقُّ وَمَنْ يَبْخَلْ يُلَمْ وَ يُزْهَّدِ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [And verily the first single act of niggardliness, of him who is acting in a niggardly manner, is most undutious to parents; (app. because generosity is what they enjoin above all things;) and he who is niggardly is blamed, and] is charged with being a niggard, a low or mean or sordid man. (TA.) b3: See also 1.4 ازهد, (JK, L,) inf. n. إِزْهَادٌ, (JK, S, L,) He was, or became, one whose property was not desired, because of its littleness; (JK, L;) he possessed little property, (S * L,) which, because of its littleness, was not desired. (L.) b2: See also 1.

A2: ازهدهُ: see 1, near the end.5 تزهّد He manifested, or made a show of, زُهْد [or abstinence, &c., generally meaning exercise in the service of God, or devotion]: (KL:) [and] he devoted himself to the service of God, or to religious exercises; or applied himself to acts of devotion. (S, Msb.) See also 1.6 تزاهدوهُ (assumed tropical:) They contemned, or despised, him, or it. (K.) It is said in a trad., of wine-drinkers, تزاهدوا الحَدَّ, i. e. they contemned the حَدّ [or prescribed castigation]; held it in little, or mean, estimation; regarded it as a small thing. (TA.) [See also what next follows.]8 اِزْدَهَدَهُ (assumed tropical:) He reckoned it little. (K.) Yousay, فُلَانٌ يَزْدَهِدُ عَطَآءَ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one reckons little the gift of such a one. (ISk, S.) [See also what next precedes.]

زَهْدٌ (tropical:) A small quantity. (A.) You say, خُذْ زَهْدَ مَا يَكْفِيكَ (JK, S, K) (tropical:) Take thou the small quantity that is sufficient for thee: (A:) or as much as is sufficient for thee. (JK, S.) زَهَدٌ (tropical:) The poor-rate; syn. زَكَاةٌ: (A, K:) mentioned by Aboo-Sa'eed, on the authority of Mubtekir El-Bedawee: so called, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, because of its littleness; the زكاة of property being the least portion of it; or, accord. to the A, because the fortieth part [which is its general proportion] is little. (TA.) So in the saying, مَا لَكَ تَمْنَعُ الزَّهَدَ (tropical:) [What aileth thee that thou refusest the poor-rate?]. (A, TA.) أَرْضٌ زَهَادٌ (assumed tropical:) Land that does not flow with water except in consequence of much rain: (S:) or land that flows with water in consequence of the least rain; (ISk, JK, and TA in art. حشد;) as also حَشَادٌ; (ISk, TA in art. حشد;) [contr. of أَرْضٌ رَغَابٌ: see also زَهِيدٌ.] And زَهَادُ التِّلَاعِ (assumed tropical:) The small water-courses. (L.) زَهِيدٌ Who eats little; (T, K;) applied to a man; (T;) [and] so زَهِيدُ الأَكْلِ; (S;) or زَهِيدُ الطَّعْمِ: (A:) and so زَهِيدٌ or زَهِيدَةٌ, (as in different places in the T,) applied to a woman: contr. of [رَغِيبٌ and] رَغِيبَةٌ. (T.) You say, فُلَانٌ زَهِيدٌ ↓ زَاهِدٌ, i. e. [Such a one is abstinent, &c., and] a small eater. (A.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Small in quantity or number: (S, Msb, K:) so applied to a gift. (S.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Contemptible, despicable, mean, or paltry. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) A man who possesses, or does, little, or no, good. (A, TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A man (Lh, TA) narrow, or niggardly, in disposition; (Lh, K, TA;) as also ↓ زَاهِدٌ; (K;) fem. of the former with ة: (Lh, TA:) a low, ignoble, ungenerous, mean, or sordid, man; such that one does not desire what he possesses; as also ↓ زَاهِدٌ. (L.) b6: هُوَ زَهِيدُ العَيْنِ, and لَهُ عَيْنٌ زَهِيدَةٌ, (tropical:) He is content with little; contr. of هُوَ رَغِيبُ العَيْنِ and لَهُ عَيْنٌ رَغِيبَةٌ. (A, TA.) b7: وَادٍ زَهِيدٌ (assumed tropical:) A narrow valley: (JK, K:) or a valley that takes, or receives, little water; (ISh, S, TA;) that is made to flow by a slight quantity of water, even as much as a she-goat voids into it, because it is even and hard: (ISh, TA:) contr. of وَادٍ رَغِيبٌ. (TA in art. رغب.) [See also زَهَادٌ.] And زَهِيدُ الأَرْضِ (assumed tropical:) What is narrow, of land; and that from which much water does not come forth: pl. زُهْدَانٌ. (L.) زِهِّيدٌ: see the next paragraph.

زَاهِدٌ act. part. n. of زَهِدَ [i. e. Abstaining, or abstinent; relinquishing; forsaking; shunning, or avoiding; not desiring or desirous: and particularly abstaining from, or shunning, or retiring from, worldly pleasures; exercising himself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion; a devotee]: and ↓ زِهِّيدٌ has a similar, but intensive, meaning [i. e. abstaining much, or very abstinent; &c.]: pl. of the former زُهَّادٌ. (Msb, TA.) See also زَهِيدٌ, in three places.

مُزْهِدٌ A man possessing little property, (JK, S, A,) so that one does not desire it. (JK.) It is said in a trad., أَفْضَلُ النَّاسِ مُؤْمِنٌ مُزْهِدٌ, meaning [The most excellent of men is a believer] possessing little property. (S, A.)

يدي:
يد عامية يدّ. وفي (القاهرة أيد) (بركهارت أمثال 25، بقطر جمع الكلمة عند أدين وإيدين (فوك).
جع يده في الأرض: تقال لمّنْ جلس أرضاً وقام معتمداً على يده (قرطاس 51:1:9).
يدك عني: لا تلمسني (بقطر).
له يد في هذه المادة: ساهم في هذه القضية في جانب منها. (بقطر).
يداً بيد: في (محيط المحيط): (ياداه مياداة جازاه يداً بيد، أو أعطاه مياداة، أي يداً بيد.). وهذا الاصطلاح غالباً ما يورده فقهاء القانون (وهو بالفرنسية donmant donnant، أي هو يعد لي وأنا أعطي له). ومثال ذلك ما ورد عند (كباب 104)، حيث أضاف: ولا يجوز إلى أجل.
جمع الأيدي: استخدم كثيراً من الناس في العمل (البربرية 530:1 و600:8 و9:107:2). يداً سواء: كل، كانة ensemble ( فوك).
يد من غنم: قطيع (فوك) عريف على يد: محكمة (في القانون الروماني tribum) ( وفي المعجم اللاتيني
tribunus) .
يد: في (ابن العوام مخطوطة ليدن (بعد ما ورد في 4:531:1 من الطبعة): اليد هو القطيع الذي قطع من الكرم للرجالة فإذا انتهوا إلى آخره ابتدءوا بدءاً آخر ومقدار الطول إن كان الكرم طويلاً فيكون طول اليد مثل ما تقدم. (وقد قمنا بتصحيح ما ورد أدناه وفقاً لمخطوطتنا) (في صفة العمل في خدمة الكروم) اليد في الأرض اللينة الرخوة الراوية المتأتية للعمل أن يقطع اليد للخدامين فيها من ستين باعاً في الطول لا أقل من ذلك والأرض التي هي بضد ذلك - فيقطع لهم اليد من ثلاثين باعاً في طوله والمتوسطة يقطع لهم اليد من أربعين باعاً في الطول (في 6:1:531): الأجود أن يكون عدد الرجال أربعة ويجعل في أول اليد الأعرف بالعمل والأقوى من الرجال والذي يليه مثله وكذلك الثالث وإن كان منهم رجل ضعيف أو غير عارف بالعمل فيكون في آخر اليد.
يد أو طولة يد: القوة والقدرة والسلطان (بقطر، عبّاد 1:242:1): حتى طالت يده واتسع بلده.
يد: مهارة، إمكان (المقري 4:541:1): وله يد في النظم: وفي (7:604): وكانت له يد في الفرائض والعروض. وفي (ألف ليلة 375:1): وكان لها يد في ضرب القانون. وكذلك يد طولي (فريتاج في منتصف الصفحة 517) (معجم أبي الفداء): وكان له في هذه العلوم يد طولى ويد بيضاء. وفي (محيط المحيط): (ولفلان يد بيضاء في هذا الأمر، أي حاذق فيه). وفي (ابن خلكان 4:119:1): له في الشطرنج يد بيضاء. وفي (المقدمة 4:8:1): أهل اليد البيضاء، أي (المهرة، الحاذقين habilies) . وكذلك تعني: حسنة، معروف) ( bienfiait) . ( تحفة إخوان الصفاء، 158 (طبعة كلكتا 1812) نقرأ: وللحوت أيضاً يد بيضاء عند بني آدم حين أجار نبياً منهم وآواه في بطنه وردّه إلى مأمنه؛ إنني لم أتوقف ولم أتساءل عن معنى الجملة التي أعقبت هذا الكلام، أي جملة وأعطاه آية اليد البيضاء والعصا (ص204 من هذا الكتاب) عبر الحديث الذي جرى بين الله وموسى، لأن اليائين قد سقطتا فأصبح المعنى مختلفاً، فلو كررنا الياء فان المعنى يستقيم ويصح (لقد أعطاه الله القدرة لصنع معجزة اليد البيضاء ومعجزة العصا)، أي إننا أمام معجزتين صنعهما موسى أمام فرعون، الأولى صنعها حين وضع يده في حضنه وأخرجها (بيضاء مثلما هو مذكور في القرآن الكريم في سورة الأعراف 108:7):} (ونزع يده فإذا هي بيضاء للناظرين) {.
يد الدفّة: مقبضها، سكّان المركب أو الطائرة (بقطر).
يد كرسي: مقبض الكرسي (بقطر).
يد الكاغد: رزمة الورق (دومب 78).
يد المهواس: يد الهاون (فوك، الكالا).
وقد عدّه (الرازي في المنصور المنصوري) من تسميات العامة وقال (دستبح والعامة تسميه يد المهراس)؛ وهناك أيضاً يد الشقرقل (الكالا) يد الهاون (بقطر، برجرن، ماك) يد الجون (بقطر برجون واليد وحدها (زيتشر 100:22: عدد 35).
بين يدي: أمام لا تستعمل مع الأشخاص فقد، بل مع الأشياء أيضاً. وعلى سبيل المثال: بين يدي السرير (معجم أبي الفداء).
يدي الدهر: وتستعمل في صيغة النفي وتعني: أبداً، ومثال ذلك: في (الكامل 4:666): وهناك أيضاً تعبير يد المُسنِد = يد الدهر: أي مد زمانِه (ديوان امرئ القيس، البيت الثالث، وص126 من الملاحظات).
وعلى أيادي الدهر: قديماً، في ما مضى، سابقاً (معجم البلاذري). عن يد: جاء في (القرآن الكريم - سورة التوبة، آية 29، الحضّ على قتال المشركين} (حتى يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهو صاغرون) {. إن هذا التعبير، أي عن دي، حين يرد بمعزل عن الآية، وهو قد ورد، أول وروده، عند (البيضاوي) فسّره الشراح، وفقاً لهواهم، تفسيرات متعددة، بل مُتناقضة إلى الحد الذي حمل على الاعتقاد بأنهم لم يفهموه. لقد كان حرياً بهم أن يقرّوا بجهلهم. شاع هذا التعبير في النصف الثاني من العصر الوسيط. إن أول ما يتبادر إلى الذهن يشير إلى بُعده من لغة الخطاب وتأثره بالمعنى القرآني. إلا أن الذي حصل هو أن الشرّاح لم يستطيعوا التخلص من جوهر المعنى القرآني في الوقت الذي عجزوا عن محاكاته. إنهم لم يفهموه ولم يحاولوا، مع ذلك، عدم استعماله. لقد اقترن هذا المعنى عند (ابن جبير 13:325، بمعاني التذلل: وارتفع الصراخ من أطفال الروم ونسائهم وألقى الجميع عن يد الإذعان، بينما ارتبط عند آخرين بالأموال والنقود، كما حدث عند (البيضاوي): نقداً مسلمة من يد إلى يد. وعند (ابن بطوطة 400، 401، 402): يمكن القول أن عن يد = نقداً، ولعلها ذهبت إلى هذا المعنى في الشعر أيضاً. (انظر عبد الواحد 13:136) كل هذه التفسيرات الأخرى لم تجدها عند البيضاوي. يبقى بعد هذا (كازيميرسكي) الذي أبدى رأياً خطيراً حول هذه الكلمة، حين ترجم شيئاً من القرآن الكريم ولم يذكر رقم الآية ولا مضمونها ولا وجه الاختلاف في الترجمة. واقتصر على القول في (تاريخ تونيس، ص 117): وتقدم العسكر لهم بها (بالمدفع) ورموهم عن يدٍ فانكوا فيهم. في (119 منه): فلما تمكنوا من رمايته رموه عن يد فخرّ قتيلاً. وفي ختام هذه الملاحظة أقرّ بأني ما زلت اجهل ما الذي أراد (المقري) قوله في 0 7:229): وأقرّوا إن نفساً لم تسمح بإخراج مثلها (مثل هذه الهدية) ضربةً عن يدها.
بيده صنعة: يحسن حرفة (محمد بن الحارث 238): فقلت لي إني وجدت جارية تساوي على وجهها كذا وكذا وبيدها صنعة ويسأل بها صاحبها من أجل صنعتها كذا وكذا أكثر مما تساويه بغير صنعة فقلت لك لا حاجة لك إلى صناعتها وإنا نبتاعها للمتعة فدعها وابتع غيرها.
أخذه باليد: أي تمكن منه دونما جهد (والمعنى الحرفي، في الحديث عن طير، أمسك به وهو محبط قد أصابه الكلال) (معجم البلاذري والطرائف).
أخرج يداً من طاعة أو نزع يده من الطاعة: ثأر (معجم البلاذري).
أعطى بيده: استسلم، خضع se render؛ وكذلك أعطى باليد (انظر أعطى في عطو).
وكذلك وضع يده في يد فلان (معجم البلاذري).
أعطى اليد ل: رضي ب (المقدمة 13:257:1).
لم يكن لنا بكم يدان: لم نستطع أن نفعل بكم شيئاً يؤثر بكم (معجم البلاذري).
صاحب اليد: مالك الأمر؛ لا يد لأحد عليها: لا يوجد مَنْ يملك أمرها (معجم التنبيه).
يدّي: يدوي، يصنع باليد (بقطر).
يدّي: آلي (ميكانيكي) ما يقتضي شغل اليد أو الآلة، تقال عن الفنون بصورة رئيسية، التي تحتاج إلى شغل اليد (بقطر).
يديدة: مصغر يد (المقدمة 3:407:3).