خل

1 خَلَّ لَحْمُهُ, aor. ـُ (Ks, S, K, TA, in the CK خَلَّ,) [irreg. in the case of an intrans. v. of this class, unless the verb be of the measure فَعُلَ,] and خَلِّ, (K,) [agreeably with general rule,] inf. n. خَلٌّ and خُلُولٌ; (Ks, S, K;) and ↓ اختلّ; (Sgh, K;) His flesh became little, or scanty; (Ks, S;) or his flesh decreased, diminished, or wasted: (K:) he became lean, or spare. (Ks, S, K.) [But it seems, from what follows, that the verb may be of the measure فَعِلَ, aor. ـَ as well as of the measure فَعَلَ, aor. ـِ or خَلُّ; or perhaps of the measures فَعِلَ and فَعَلَ and فَعُلَ, so that the aor. may be regularly خَلَّ and خَلِّ and خَلُّ.] b2: You say also خَلِلْتُ مِنْ كَذَا I missed such a thing. (JK.) And خَلَّ البَعِيرُ مِنَ الرَّبِيعِ The camel missed the [herbage called] ربيع, and became lean in consequence thereof. (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) b3: and خَلَّ, (JK, S, K,) inf. n. خَلٌّ; (TA;) and ↓ أَخَلَّ, (JK, Msb, TA,) or ↓ أُخِلَّ, (K,) and بِهِ ↓ أُخِلَّ; (S, TA;) and ↓ اختلّ; (MA, KL;) said of a man, (JK, S, Msb,) He was, or became, poor, or in want or need. (JK, S, MA, KL, Msb, K, AT.) A2: خَلَّ الشَّىْءَ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خَلٌّ, (TA,) He, or it, perforated the thing; transpierced it, or pierced it through; as also ↓ تخللّٰهُ: (K:) so in the M. (TA.) You say, خَلَلْتُ الشَّىْءَ بِالخِلَالِ, aor. ـُ I transfixed, or transpierced, the thing with the [pin called] خلال. (JK,) [And خَلَّ اللَّحْمَ He skewered the flesh-meat.] And خَلَلْتُهُ بِالرُّمْحِ I pierced him with the spear. (JK.) And بِالرُّمْحِ ↓ اختلّهُ He transpierced him, or transfixed him, with the spear; (T, M, K, TA;) and so بِالسَّهْمِ with the arrow: (S:) or the former signifies he pierced him with the spear and transfixed his heart: (TA:) accord. to Az, الاِخْتِلَالُ relates to the heart and the liver. (M in art. نظم.) And CCC الثَّوْرُ ↓ يَخْتَلًّ

الكَلْبَ بِقَرْنِهِ [The bull pierces the dog with his horn]. (JK. [It is there vaguely indicated that ↓ خِلَّةٌ signifies The act, or perhaps the effect, of a bull's piercing a dog with his horn.]) and بِالرُّمْحِ ↓ تخللّٰهُ He pierced him time after time with the spear. (M, K.) b2: And خَلَّ الفَصِيلَ, (K,) inf. n. خَلٌّ, (TA,) He slit the tongue of the young camel, and inserted into it a wooden pin called خِلَال, in order that he might not such: (K:) or [simply] he slit the tongue of the young camel, in order that he might not be able to such [any longer], so that he became lean; as also خَلَّ لِسَانَ الفَصِيلِ: (S:) or الخَلُّ signifies the fixing a خِلَال above the nose of the young camel, to prevent his sucking. (TA in art. لهج.) b3: and خَلَّةُ, (T, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خَلٌّ, (S, Msb, TA,) namely, a thing, (TA,) a garment, (T, TA,) a [garment such as is called] كِسَآء (S, K, TA) or رَدَآء (Mgh, Msb) &c., (TA,) and a [tent such as is called] خِبَآء, (S, TA,) He pinned it with the [pin called] خِلَال; (T, TA;) he conjoined (Mgh, Msb, TA) its two edges, (Mgh, Msb,) or its edges, (TA,) or he fastened it, (K,) with a خِلَال: (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA:) and ↓ خللّٰهُ has a similar, but intensive, signification. (Msb) A poet says, سَمِعْنَ بِمَوْتِهِ فَظَهَرْنَ نَوْحًا قِيَامًا مَا يُخَلُّ لَهُنَّ عُودُ meaning, لَا يُخَلُّ لَهُنَّ ثَوْبٌ بِعُودٍ [i. e. They (the women) heard of his death, and appeared, wailing, standing; no garment of theirs having its edges fastened together with a pointed piece of wood]. (TA.) A3: خَلَّ الإِبِلَ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خَلٌّ, (TA,) He removed, transferred, or shifted, the camels to what is termed خُلَّة [after they had been pasturing upon حَمْض]; as also ↓ أَخَلَّهَا: (K:) or the latter signifies he pastured them upon خُلَّة. (S.) A4: خَلَّ, (Lh, S, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. خَلٌّ, (TA,) is also syn. with خَصَّ [He particularized, or specified]; (Lh, S, K;) contr. of عَمَّ; (K;) and so ↓ خلّل: (JK, S, TA:) thus in the phrase, عَمَّ فِى دُعَائِهِ وَخَلَّ (S, TA) and وَخَلَّلَ (JK, S, TA) [He included, or comprehended, persons or things in common, or in general, in his prayer or supplication &c., and particularized, or specified, some person or thing, or some persons or things].2 خلّل أَسْنَانَهُ, inf. n. تَخْلِيلٌ, [He picked his teeth;] he extracted the remains of food between his teeth with a خِلَال [or toothpick]; (Msb, K, * in which latter the pass. form of the verb is mentioned;) and so ↓ تخلّل, alone; (T, S, * O, TA;) but accord. to the K, you say, تخللّٰهُ [he extracted it], meaning the remains of food between the teeth. (TA.) b2: خلّل الشَّعَرَ بِالمُشْطِ [He separated the hair with the comb; he combed the hair]. (Mgh voce تَشْرِيحٌ.) b3: خلّل لِحْيَتَهُ, (S, * Msb, K,) and أَصَابِعَهُ, (S, * K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He made the water to flow into the interstices of his beard, (Msb, K,) and of his fingers or toes, (K,) in the ablution termed وُضُوْء; (S, TA;) and ↓ تخلّل, alone, signifies the same. (S.) It (the former) is as though it were taken from تَخَلَّلْتُ القَوْمَ meaning “I entered amid the breaks, or interspaces, of the people. ” (Msb.) Hence the trad., خَلِّلُوا أَصَابِعَكُمْ لَا تُخَلَّلَهَا نَارٌ قَلِيلٌ بُقْيَاهَا [Make ye the water to flow into the interstices of your fingers or toes, lest fire that shall spare little be made to flow into their interstices]. (TA.) b4: خللّٰهُ كِلْسًا He put صَارُوج [or كِلْس, i. e. quick lime, &c.,] into the interstices of its (a building's) stones. (TA in art. كلس.) b5: خلّل القِثَّآءَ, and البِطِّيخَ, inf. n. as above, He investigated the state of the cucumbers, and the melons, or water-melons, so as to see every one that had not grown, and put another in its place. (AA, TA.) b6: See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: And see 1 again, last sentence.

A3: خلّل, inf. n. تَخْلِيلٌ, said of wine and of other beverages, It became acid, or sour; and spoiled: (K:) or, said of شَرَاب [i. e. wine and the like], (Mgh,) or of نَبِيذ [i. e. must and the like], (Msb,) or of expressed juice, (K,) it became vinegar; (Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اختلّ; (Lth, K;) but this is disallowed by Az; (TA;) and ↓ تخلّل; but this is of the language of the lawyers; (Mgh;) or, said of نبيذ, this last signifies it was made into vinegar: (Msb:) or خلّل, said of شراب, signifies it spoiled, (JK, T,) and became vinegar. (T.) A4: تَخْلِيلٌ also signifies The making vinegar; (S;) and so ↓ اِخْتِلَالٌ; (K;) i. e. of the expressed juice of grapes and of dates. (TA.) You say, خلّل الخَمْرَ, (K,) or الشَّرَابَ, (Mgh,) or النَّبِيذ, inf. n. as above, (Msb,) the verb being trans. as well as intrans., (Mgh, Msb, K,) and النَّبِيذَ ↓ تخلّل, (TA,) He made the wine, or beverage, or must or the like, into vinegar. (Mgh, Msb, K, TA.) A5: And خلّل البُسْرَ He put the full-grown unripe dates in the sun, and then sprinkled them (نَضَحَهُ, in some copies of the K نضجه,) with vinegar, and placed them in a jar: (K:) so in the M: and in like manner, other things than بُسْر; as cucumbers, and cabbage, and بَاذَنْجَان [q. v.], and onions. (TA.) [Accord. to modern usage, the verb signifies He pickled.]3 خالّهُ, (JK, Mgh, K,) inf. n. مُخَالَّةٌ and خِلَالٌ (JK, S, K) and [quasi-inf. n.] ↓ خُلَّةٌ, (JK,) He acted, or associated, with him as a friend, or as a true, or sincere, friend. (JK, S, * Mgh, K.) لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خِلَالٌ, in the Kur [xiv. 36], is said to mean [Wherein shall be no buying or selling] nor mutual befriending: or [and no friends, or true friends, for], as some say, خِلَالٌ is here pl. of ↓ خُلَّةٌ, like as جِلَالٌ is pl. of جُلَّةٌ. (TA.) 4 أَخَلَّ and أُخِلَّ and أُخِلَّ بِهِ: see 1, near the beginning. b2: أخَلَّ بِهِ He (a man) fell, or stopped, short in it; fell short of accomplishing it; fell short of doing what was requisite, or due, or what he ought to have done, in it, or with respect to it; or flagged, or was remiss, in it; namely, a thing; syn. قَصَّرَ فِيهِ; (Msb;) as, for instance, in belief, and in confession thereof, and in works: (Ksh and Bd in ii. 2:) he left it, neglected it, omitted it; or left it undone: (Har p. 402:) or i. q. أَجْحَفَ بِهِ [app. as meaning he was near to falling short of accomplishing it, or of doing what was requisite in it; or was near to being remiss in it]; namely, a thing. (K.) b3: He failed of fulfilling his compact with him, or his promise to him. (K.) b4: He became absent, or he absented himself, from it; he left, abandoned, or quitted, it; namely, a place &c. (K.) You say, اخلّ بِمَرْكَزِهِ He (a man, S, or a horseman, Mgh) left, abandoned, or quitted, his station (S, Mgh) which the commander had appointed him. (Mgh.) And اخلّ بِهِمْ He became absent, or he absented himself, from them. (JK.) b5: اخلّ الوَالِى بِالثُّغُورِ The prefect made the frontiers to be kept by a small body of troops. (K.) A2: أَخَلَّ إِلَيْهِ: see 8.

A3: اخلّهُ He made him, or caused him, to want, or be in need. (JK, S, K.) Yousay, مَا أَخَلَّكَ إِلَى هٰذَا What has made thee, or caused thee, to want, or be in need of, this? (S.) And مَا أَخَلَّكَ اللّٰهُ إِلَيْهِ What has God made thee, or caused thee, to want, or be in need of? (Lh, K.) A4: اخلّ الأِبِلَ: see 1, near the end of the paragraph.

A5: اخلّوا, (K,) inf. n. إِخْلَالٌ, (TA,) Their camels pastured upon what is termed خُلَّة. (K.) b2: Hence, اخلّ said of a man signifies (assumed tropical:) أَخَذَ مِنْ قُبُلٍ [i. e. He took frontways]: opposed to أَحْمَضَ [and حَمَّضَ, q. v.], meaning أَخَذَ مِنْ دُبُرٍ. (TA.) A6: اخلّت النَّخْلَةُ The palmtree produced bad fruit. (A' Obeyd, JK, S, K.) b2: And The palm-tree produced dates such as are termed خَلَال: [like أَبْلَحَت from بَلَحٌ:] thus it bears two contr. significations. (K.) 5 تخلّل [primarily signifies It entered, or penetrated, or passed through, the خِلَال, i. e. interstices, &c., of a thing]. You say, تَخَلَّلْتُ القَوْمَ I entered amid the breaks, or interspaces, of the people. (S, M, Msb, K. *) And تَخَلَّلُوا الدِّيَارَ [They went through the midst of the houses]. (S in art. جوس.) And تخلّل الرَّمْلَ He passed through the sands. (Az, TA.) And تخلّل القَلْبَ (assumed tropical:) [It penetrated the heart]; said of admonition. (TA in art. بهم.) And تخلّل الاشَّىْءُ The thing [i. e. anything] went, or passed, through. (JK, * S, K.) b2: [Hence, It intervened; said of a time &c. And hence the phrase مِنْ غَيْرِ تَخَلُّلِ Without interruption.] b3: And تخلّل المَطَرُ The rain was confined to a particular place, or to particular places; was not general. (S, K.) b4: See also 1, in two places, in the former half of the paragraph. b5: تخلّل الرُّطَبَ He sought out the fresh ripe dates in the interstices of the roots of the branches (M, K) after the cutting off of the racemes of fruit. (M.) And تخلّل النَّخْلَةَ He picked the dates that were among the roots of the branches of the palm-tree; as also تَكَرَّبَهَا. (AHn, TA.) b6: For other significations, see 2, in four places.6 تَخَالٌّ [said of several persons] The being friendly, one with another. (KL.) [You say, تَخَالُّوا They acted together, or associated, as friends, or as true friends.]8 اختلّ [primarily signifies] It had interstices, breaks, chinks, or the like. (MA. [See خَلَلٌ.]) b2: [And hence,] It was, or became, shaky, loose, lax, uncompact, disordered, unsound, corrupt, (Msb,) faulty, or defective, (KL, Msb,) [and weak, or infirm, (see خَلَلٌ and مُخْتَلٌّ,)] said of a thing or an affair; (KL;) it became altered for the worse. (Msb.) [You say, اختلّ مِزَاجُهُ His constitution, or temperament, became in a corrupt or disordered state. And اختلّ alone He was, or became, disordered in temper; (see تَحَمَّضَ;) but this seems to be from the same verb said of a camel; (see اختلّت الأِبِلُ, below;) for the camel becomes disordered in his stomach by pasturing long upon خُلَّة, without shifting to حَمْض. And اختلّ عَقْلَهُ His mind, or intellect, was, or became, unsound, or disordered.] and اختلّ أَمْرُهُ [His affair, or state, was, or became, unsound, corrupt, or disordered]; (S, voce اِضْطَرَبَ;) i. e. وَقَعَ فِيهِ الخَلَلُ. (JM.) b3: He was, or became, lean, meagre, or emaciated; (KL;) and so اختلّ جِسْمُهُ. (S.) See 1, first sentence. b4: See also خَلَّ as syn. with أَخَلَّ or أُخِلَّ &c., near the beginning of the first paragraph. [Hence,] اختلّ إِلَيْهِ He wanted it, or needed it; (S, Msb, K;) namely, a thing; (S, Msb;) as also اليه ↓ أَخَلَّ: (TA:) whence the saying of Ibn-Mes'ood, عَلَيْكُمْ بِالعِلْمِ فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَايَدْرِى مَتَى يُخْتَلُّ إِلَيْهِ [Keep ye to the pursuit of knowledge, or science; for any one of you knows not, or will not know, when it will be wanted, or needed]; i. e., when men will want, or need, that [knowledge] which he possesses. (S.) You say also, اُخْتُلَّ إِلَى فُلَانٍ Such a one was wanted, or needed. (JK.) A2: See also 2, in two places.

A3: اختلّهُ بِالرُّمْحِ, and بِالسَّهْمِ: and يَخْتَلُّ الثَّوْرُ الكَلْبَ بِقَرْنِهِ: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: اختلّ also signifies He served together. (KL.) b3: اُخْتُلَّ said of herbage: see خُلَّةٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

A4: اختلّ المَكَانُ The place had in it خُلَّة [q. v.]. (MA.) b2: And اختلّت الإِبِلُ The camels were confined in [pasturage such as is termed] خُلَّة. (K.) R. Q. 1 خَلْخَلَهَا He attired her with the خِلْخَال [or anklet, or pair of anklets]. (TA.) A2: خلخل العَظْمَ He took the flesh that was upon the bone. (K.) R. Q. 2 تَخَلْخَلَتْ She attired herself with the خَلْخَال [or anklet, or pair of anklets]. (K.) A2: تخلخل It (a garment, or piece of cloth,) was, or became, old, and worn out. (JK.) خَلٌّ a word of well-known meaning, (S, Msb.) Vinegar; i. e. expressed juice of grapes (JK, Mgh, K) and of dates (JK) &c. (K) that has become acid, or sour: (JK, * Mgh, K:) so called because its sweet flavour has become altered for the worse (اِخْتَلَّ): (Msb:) a genuine Arabic word: (IDrd, K:) the best is that of wine: it is composed of two constituents (K) of subtile natures, (TA,) hot and cold, (K,) the cold being predominant: (TA:) and is good for the stomach; and for the gums, (K,) which it strengthens, when one rinses the mouth with it; (TA;) and for foul ulcers or sores; and for the itch; and for the bite, or sting, of venomous reptiles; and as an antidote for the eating of opium; and for burns; and for toothache; and its hot vapour is good for the dropsy, and for difficulty of hearing, and for ringing in the ears: (K: [various other properties &c. are assigned to it in the TA:]) ↓ خَلَّةٌ signifies somewhat (lit. a portion) thereof; [being the n. un.:] (Aboo-Ziyád, K;) or it may be a dial. var. thereof, like as خَمْرَةٌ is [said by some to be] of خَمْرٌ: (Aboo-Ziyád, TA:) see also خَلَّةٌ: the pl. is خُلُولٌ [meaning sorts, or kinds, of vinegar]. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., نِعْمَ الإِدَامُ الخَلُّ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the seasoning, vinegar!]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أُمُّ الخَلِّ [The mother of vinegar; meaning] wine. (JK, TA.) b3: [Hence also the saying,] مَا فُلَانٌ بِخَلٍّ وَلَا خَمْرٍ, (A'Obeyd, JK, S,) or مَا لَهُ خَلٌّ وَلَا خَمْرٌ, (K,) or مَا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ خَلٌّ وَلَا خَمْرٌ, (S, in art. خمر,) Such a one, or he, possesses neither good nor evil: (A'Obeyd, JK, S, K:) [or neither evil nor good: for] AA says that some of the Arabs make الخَمْرُ to be good, and الخَلُّ to be evil; [and thus the latter is explained in one place, in this art., in the K;] and some of them make الخمر to be evil, and الخلّ to be good. (Har p. 153.) A2: I. q. حَمْضٌ [i. e. A kind of plants in which is saltness: or salt and bitter plants: or salt, or sour, plants or trees: &c.: opposed to خُلَّةٌ]. (K.) A poet says, لَيْسَتْ مِنَ الخَلِّ وَلَا الخِمَاطِ [She is not, or they are not, of the plants or trees called خلّ, nor of the kind called خماط (pl. of خَمْطٌ)]. (TA.) A3: A road in sands: (S:) or a road passing through sands: or a road between two tracts of sand: (K:) or a road passing through heaped-up sands: (JK, K:) masc. and fem. [like طَرِيقٌ]: (S, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَخْلٌّ and [of mult.] خِلَالٌ. (K.) One says حَيَّةُ خَلٍّ

[A serpent of a road in sands, &c.]; like as one says أَفْعَى صَرِيمَةٍ. (S.) b2: An oblong tract of sand. (Ham p. 709.) b3: b4: A vein in the neck (JK, K) and in the back, (K,) communicating with the head. (JK, TA.) b5: A slit, or rent, in a garment, or piece of cloth. (K.) A4: An old and worn-out garment, or piece of cloth, (JK, S, K, TA,) in which are streaks: (TA:) [or so ثَوْبٌ خَلٌّ:] and ↓ خَلْخَلٌ and ↓ خَلْخَلٌ, applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (JK, K,) signify old and worn out, (JK,) or thin, (K,) like هَلْهَلٌ and هَلْهَالٌ. (TA.) b2: A bird having no feathers: (JK:) or having few feathers. (K.) b3: A man (JK, S) lean, meagre, or emaciated; (JK, S, K;) as also ↓ خَلِيلٌ (K) [a meaning said in the TA to be tropical] and ↓ مَخْلُولٌ and ↓ مُخْتَلٌّ: (TA:) or light in body: (IDrd, TA:) and [the fem.] خَلَّةٌ, applied to a woman, light (K, TA) in body, lean, or spare: (TA:) the pl. of خَلٌّ is خُلُولٌ. (JK.) Also Fat: thus bearing two contr. significations: (K:) and so ↓ مَخْلُولٌ. (TA.) It is applied to a man and a camel. (TA.) Accord. to the K, it also signifies A [young camel such as is termed]

فَصِيل: (TA:) but it means such as is lean, or emaciated: (TA:) and so ↓ مَخْلُولٌ, applied to a فصيل as an epithet, for a reason mentioned above, in an explanation of the phrase خَلَّ الفَصِيلَ. (S, TA.) b4: Also i. q. اِبْنُ مَخَاضٍ [i. e. A male camel in his second year]; (JK, K;) and so ↓ خَلَّةٌ; which is also applied to the female: (As, S, K:) and i. q. اِبْنُ لَبُونٍ [i. e. a male camel in, or entering upon, his third year]; and in like manner ↓ خَلَّةٌ is applied to the female; (JK;) or, as in the M, to a she-camel; (TA;) and, as some say, (JK,) a large she-camel: (JK, TA:) and اِبْنُ

↓ الخَلَّةِ signifies the same as اِبْنُ اللَّبُونِ (T in art. بنى) or اِبْنُ مَخَاضٍ [or ابن المَخَاضِ]. (TA in that art.) You say, أَتَاهُمْ بِقُرْصٍ كَأَنَّهُ فِرْسِنُ

↓ خَلَّةٍ, (S, TA,) or كَأَنَّهُ خُفُّ خَلَّةٍ, (JK,) [They brought them a round cake of bread as though it were the foot of a camel in its second, or third, year,] meaning small. (JK. [In the TA, meaning سَمِينَة (i. e. fat); but this seems to be a mistranscription.]) A5: A cautery. (TA.) خُلٌّ: see خَلِيلٌ, in two places.

خِلٌّ: see خُلَّةٌ, in two places: b2: and see خَلِيلٌ, in four places.

خَلَّةٌ A road between two roads. (TA.) b2: A hole, perforation, or bore, that penetrates, or passes through, a thing, and is small: or, in a general sense: (K:) or a gap, or breach, in a booth of reeds or canes. (T, TA.) [See also خَلَلٌ.]

b3: [And hence,] The gap that is left by a person who has died: (As, T, S, TA:) or the place, of a man, that is left vacant after his death. (K.) One says, of him who has lost a person by death, اَللّٰهُمَّ اخْلُفْ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ بِخَيْرٍ وَاسْدُدْ خَلَّتَهُ, i. e. [O God, supply to his family, with that which is good, the place of him whom they have lost,] and fill up the gap which he has left by his death. (As, T, S, * TA.) b4: And The interval, or inter-vening space, between the piercer, or thruster, and the pierced, or thrust: whence the saying, رَقَعَ خَلَّةَ الفَارِسِ, explained in art. رقع. (O and K and TA in that art.) b5: [Hence also,] Want, or a want: poverty; (S, Msb, K;) need, straitness, or difficulty. (Lh, K.) One says, بِهِ خَلَّةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ He has pressing, or severe, need or straitness or difficulty. (Lh, TA.) And سَدَّ اللّٰهُ خَلَّتَهُ May God supply his want. (TA.) And it is said in a prov., الخَلَّةُ تَدْعُو إِلَى السَّلَّةِ Want invites to theft. (K, * TA.) A2: I. q. خَصْلَةٌ; (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K;) both signify A property, quality, nature, or disposition: and a habit, or custom: (KL, PS, TK:) [and app. also a practice, or an action:] in a man: (TA: [see the latter word:]) pl. خِلَالٌ. (JK, Mgh, Msb, K.) One says, فُلَانٌ خَلَّتُهُ حَسَنَةٌ [Such a one, his nature, or disposition, is good]. (IDrd, TA.) And hence, خَيْرُ خِلَالِ الصَّائِمِ السِّوَاكُ [The best of the habits, or customs, of the faster is the use of the tooth-stick]. (Mgh.) b2: See also خُلَّةٌ.

A3: An isolated tract of sand, (Fr, K,) separate from other sands. (Fr, TA.) b2: And i. q. هَضْبَةٌ [which signifies An elevated tract of sand: but more commonly a hill; or a spreading mountain; &c.]. (JK, TA.) A4: Wine, (K,) in a general sense: (TA:) or acid, or sour, wine: (S, K:) or wine altered for the worse, (K, TA,) in flavour, (TA,) without acidity, or sourness: (K, TA:) pl. [or coll. gen. n.] ↓ خَلٌّ. (K.) b2: See also خَلٌّ, first sentence.

A5: And see this last word near the end of the paragraph, in four places.

خُلَّةٌ an inf. n. [or rather quasi-inf. n.] of خَالَّهُ, q. v.: (JK:) True, or sincere, friendship, love, or affection; as also ↓ خُلُولَةٌ and ↓ خُلَالَةٌ and ↓ خَلَالَةٌ and ↓ خِلَالَةٌ: (S:) or all these signify a particular true or sincere friendship, or love, or affection, in which is no unsoundness, or defect, and which may be chaste and may be vitious: (K: [in which all are said to be substs., except خُلَّةٌ, as though this were properly speaking an inf. n., though having a pl., as shown below:]) [and sometimes simply friendship: see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَرْحَبٌ, in art. رحب:] or خُلَّةٌ and ↓ خَلَّةٌ, (Msb,) or ↓ خِلٌّ and ↓ خِلَّةٌ, each with kesr, (K,) signify true, or sincere, friendship, or love, or affection, (Msb, K,) and brotherly conduct: the last two as used in the phrases, إِنَهُ

↓ لَكَرِيمُ الخِلِّ and ↓ الخِلَّةِ [Verily he is generous in respect of true, or sincere, friendship, &c.]: (K:) the pl. of خُلَّةٌ in the sense explained above is خِلَالٌ. (S, K.) b2: See also خَلِيلٌ, in three places.

A2: A kind of plants or herbage [or trees]; (JK, S, Msb, K;) namely, the sweet kind thereof; (S, K;) not حَمْض: (JK:) or any pasture, or herbage, that is not حَمْض; all pasture, or herbage, consisting of حَمْض and خُلَّة, and حَمْض being such as has in it saltness [or sourness]: (TA:) the [kind of plant, or tree, called] عَرْفَج; and every tree that remains in winter: (JK:) accord. to Lh, it is [applied to certain kinds] of trees &c.: accord. to IAar, peculiarly of trees: but accord. to A'Obeyd, [shrubs, i. e.] not including any great trees: (TA:) and a certain thorny tree: also a place of growth, and a place in which is a collection, of [the plants, or trees, called] عَرْفَج: (K:) and any land not containing [the kind of plants, or herbage, or trees, called] حَمْض; (AHn, K;) even though containing no plants, or herbage: (AHn, TA:) the pl. is خُلَلٌ: (K:) one says أَرْضٌ خُلَّةٌ and أَرَضُونَ خُلَلٌ: ISh says that أَرْضٌ خَلَّةٌ and خُلَلُ الأَرْضِ mean land, and lands, in which is no حَمْض, sometimes containing [thorny trees such as are called] عِضَاه, and sometimes not containing such; and that خُلَّةٌ is also applied to land in which are no trees nor any herbage: (TA:) some say that خُلَّةٌ, as meaning the pasture, or herbage, which is the contrary of حَمْض, has for a pl. خِلَالٌ, and then, from خِلَال is formed the pl. أَخِلَّةٌ: and some say that this last means herbage that is cut (وَاجْتُزّ ↓ اُخْتُلّ [in which the latter verb seems to be an explicative adjunct to the former]) while green. (Ham p. 662, q. v.) They say that the خُلَّة is the bread of camels, and the حَمْض is their fruit, (JK, T, Sudot;, TA,) or their flesh-meat, (S, TA,) or their خَبِيص. (TA.) b2: Hence, by way of comparison, it is applied to (tropical:) Ease, or repose; freedom from trouble or inconvenience, and toil or fatigue; or tranquillity; and ampleness of circumstances: and حَمْض, to evil, and war: (T, TA:) and the former, to life: and the latter, to death. (Ham p. 315.) b3: Also Acid, or sour, leaven or ferment. (IAar, TA.) خِلَّةٌ: see 1, near the middle of the paragraph: A2: and see also خُلَالةٌ, in four places: A3: and خُلَّةٌ, first sentence, in two places: A4: and خَلِيلٌ, in two places.

A5: Also The جَفْن [i. e. the scabbard, or the case,] of a sword, covered with leather: (K:) or a lining with which the جَفْن of a sword is covered, (S, K, and Ham pp. 330 et seq.,) variegated, or embellished, with gold &c.; (S;) but the pl. is also used as meaning scabbards: (Ham p. 331:) and a thong that is fixed upon the outer side of the curved extremity of a bow: (S, K:) in the T it is explained as meaning the inner side of the thong of the جَفْن, which is seen from without, and is an ornament, or a decoration: (TA:) and any piece of skin that is variegated, or embellished: (M, K:) the pl. is خِلَلٌ (S, K, and Ham p. 330) and خِلَالٌ, and pl. pl. أَخِلَّةٌ, (K,) i. e. pl. of خِلَالٌ. (TA.) خَلَلٌ An interstice, an interspace or intervening space, a break, a breach, a chink, or a gap, between two things; (JK, S, Msb, K;) pl. خِلَالٌ: (JK, S, Msb:) and particularly the places, (K,) or interstices, (S,) of the clouds, from which the rain issues; as also ↓ خِلَالٌ; (S, K;) both occurring in this sense, accord. to different readings, in the Kur xxiv. 43 and xxx. 47: (S, TA:) the latter may be [grammatically] a sing. [syn. with the former], or it may be pl. of the former: (MF, TA:) and الدَّارِ ↓ خِلَالُ signifies what is around the limits of the house; (JK, K;) or around the walls thereof; thus in the M; (TA;) and what is between the chambers thereof. (K.) You say, دَخَلْتُ بَيْنَ خَلَلِ القَوْمِ and ↓ خِلَالِهِمْ [I entered amid the breaks, or interspaces, of the people]. (S, Msb.) And هُوَ خَلَلَهُمْ and ↓ خِلَالَهُمْ (M, K) and ↓ خَلَالَهُمْ (K [but in the CK these words are with damm to the second ل]) He is amid them. (M, K.) And بُيُوتِ الحّى ↓ جُسْنَا خِلَالَ, and دُورِ القَوْمِ ↓ خِلَالَ, i. e. [We went, or went to and fro, or went round about, &c.,] amid the tents of the tribe, and in the midst of the houses of the people; like a phrase in the Kur xvii. 5. (TA.) b2: And [hence] Shakiness, looseness, laxness, or want of compactness, and disorder, or want of order, of a thing; (Msb;) unsoundness, or corruptness, (S, Msb, *) in an affair or a thing, (S,) or of a thing; (Msb;) [a flaw in a thing;] defect, imperfection, or deficiency; (Ham p. 300;) weakness, or infirmity, in an affair, (JK, K, TA,) as though some place thereof were left uncompact, or unsound, (TA,) and in war, (JK,) and in men: (JK, K: *) and (tropical:) unsettledness in an opinion. (K, * TA.) b3: الخَلَلُ The night. (JK, Ibn-'Abbád.) خُلَلٌ: see خُلَالَةٌ, in two places.

خِلَلٌ: see خُلَالَةٌ, in three places.

خِلَلَةٌ: see خُلَالَةٌ, in two places.

خَلَالٌ [Dates in the state in which they are termed] بَلَحٌ, (JK, T, S, K,) in the dial. of the people of El-Basrah; (T, TA;) i. e. green dates: (JK:) [but see بَلَحٌ and بُسْرٌ:] n. un. with ة. (JK, TA.) A2: هُوَ خَلَالَهُمْ: see خَلَلٌ.

خُلَالٌ: see خُلَالَةٌ.

A2: Also An accident that happens in anything sweet so as to change its flavour to acidity, or sourness. (K.) خِلَالٌ A thing with which one perforates, or transpierces, a thing, (JK, K,) either of iron or of wood: (JK:) pl. أَخِلَّةٌ. (K.) b2: A wooden thing [or pin] (S, Msb,) with which one pins a garment, (T, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) conjoining its two edges: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. as above: (S, Msb:) which also signifies the small pieces of wood with which one pins together the edges of the oblong pieces of cloth of a tent. (TA.) b3: [A skewer for flesh-meat.] b4: A wooden pin which is inserted into the tongue of a young camel, in order that he may not such: (K:) or which is fixed above the nose of a young camel, for that purpose. (TA in art. لهج.) b5: [A toothpick;] a thing (of wood, S, Msb) with which one extracts the remains of food between his teeth; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ خِلَالَةٌ. (Har p. 101.) b6: [A long thorn or prickle: such being often used as a pin and as a toothpick.]

A2: See also خُلَالَةٌ.

A3: And see خَلَلٌ, in six places.

خَلِيلٌ Perforated, or transpierced; like

↓ مَخْلُولٌ. (K.) b2: See also خَلٌّ, in the latter half of the paragraph. b3: Poor; needy; in want; (JK, S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُخِلٌّ, (so in some copies of the K and in the M,) or ↓ مُخَلٌّ, (so in other copies of the K,) and ↓ مُخْتَلٌّ and ↓ أَخَلُّ (K:) and أَخِلَّةٌ may be a pl. of خَلِيلٌ in this sense. (Ham p. 662.) b4: A friend; or a true, or sincere, friend; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ خِلٌّ, and ↓ خُلَّةٌ, which is used alike as masc. and fem., because originally an inf. n., [or a quasi-inf. n., i. e. of 3, q. v.,] (S,) or ↓ خِلَّةٌ, [thus in the copies of the K, but what precedes it, though not immediately, seems to show that the author perhaps meant خُلَّةٌ,] used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. and pl.: (K:) or a special, or particular, friend or true or sincere friend; as also ↓ خِلٌّ and ↓ خُلٌّ; or this latter is only used in conjunction with وُدٌّ, as when you say, كَانَ لِى وُدًّا وَخُلًّا [He was to me an an object of love and a friend &c.]; (K;) or, as ISd says, ↓ خِلٌّ is the more common, and is applied also to a female; (TA;) as is also ↓ خُلَّةٌ, (K,) and ↓ خِلَّةٌ: (TA:) خَلِيلٌ also signifies veracious; (K;) thus accord. to IAar: (TA:) or a friend in whose friendship is no خَلَل [i. e. unsoundness, or defect, or imperfection]: (Zj, TA:) or one who is pure and sound in friendship, or love: (IDrd, K:) the pl. is أَخِلَّآءُ (Msb, K) and خُلَّانٌ (JK, K) and أَخِلَّةٌ: (Ham p. 662, and MA:) the fem. is خَلِيلَةٌ; (S, M, K;) of which the pl. is خَلِيلَاتٌ and خَلَائِلُ: (M, K:) the pl. of ↓ خِلٌّ or ↓ خُلٌّ is أَخْلَالٌ: (K:) and the pl. of ↓ خُلَّةٌ is خِلَالٌ, (S,) mentioned before, see 3, second sentence. It is applied in the Kur iv. 124 to Abraham; who is called خَلِيلُ اللّٰه, (TA,) and الخَلِيلُ. (K.) and it is said that the pl. أَخِلَّةٌ means also Pastors; because they act to their beasts like أَخِلَّآء [or friends, &c.], in labouring to do good to them. (Ham p. 662.) b5: Also One who advises, or counsels, or acts, sincerely, honestly, or faithfully. (IAar, TA.) b6: And الخَلِيلُ also signifies The heart. (IAar, JK, K.) b7: And The liver. (JK, TA.) b8: And The nose. (JK, K.) b9: And The sword. (IAar, TA.) [And] A sword of Sa'eed Ibn-Zeyd Ibn-' Amr Ibn-Nufeyl. (K.) b10: and The spear. (IAar, TA.) خَلَالَةٌ: see خُلَّةٌ, first sentence.

خُلَالَةٌ i. q. كُرَابَةٌ; (AHn, JK;) i. e. The scattered dates that remain at the roots of the branches [after the racemes of fruit have been cut off]; (AHn, TA;) the fresh ripe dates that are sought out in the interstices of the roots of the branches; as also ↓ خُلَالٌ. (K.) b2: Also What comes forth from the teeth when they are picked; (JK, S, * Msb;) as also ↓ خِلَلٌ (JK, S) and ↓ خُلَلٌ (S) and ↓ خِلَّةٌ: (JK:) or ↓ خِلَلٌ and ↓ خِلَالٌ and خُلَالَةٌ (K) and ↓ خِلَّةٌ (S) and ↓ خَالٌّ (TA) signify the remains of food between the teeth; (S, K;) and the sing. [of خِلَلٌ] is ↓ خِلَّةٌ and [the n. un. of the same] ↓ خِلَلَةٌ. (K, TA. [In the CK, for خِلَلَةٌ is erroneously put خَلَّلَهُ.]) You say, فُلَانٌ يَأْكُلُ خُلَالَتَهُ and ↓ خَلَلَهُ (JK, S) and ↓ خُلَلَهُ (S) and ↓ خِلَّتَهُ (JK) and ↓ خِلَلَتَهُ (TA) Such a one eats what comes forth from his teeth when they are picked. (JK, S, * TA.) A2: See also خُلَّةٌ, first sentence.

خِلَالَةٌ: see خُلَّةٌ, first sentence: A2: and see also خِلَالٌ.

خُلُولَةٌ: see خُلَّةٌ, first sentence.

خَلَّالٌ A seller of vinegar. (K, * TA.) خُلِّىٌّ a rel. n. from خُلَّةٌ as meaning the “ sweet kind of plants or herbage.” (S.) You say بَعِيرٌ خُلِّىٌّ, (Yaakoob, S,) and إِبِلٌ خُلِّيَّةٌ (Yaakoob, S, K) and ↓ مُخْلَّةٌ and ↓ مُخْتَلَّةٌ, (K,) meaning [A camel, and camels,] pasturing upon خُلَّة. (K.) And hence the prov., فَتَحَمَّضْ ↓ إِنَّكَ مُخْتَلٌّ (assumed tropical:) [meaning Verily thou art disordered in temper, therefore sooth thyself; or] shift from one state, or condition, to another: accord. to IDrd, said to him who is threatening: (TA. [See also 5 in art. حمض:]) [or it may mean verily thou art weary of life, therefore submit to death: see Ham p. 315.] And the saying of El- 'Ajjáj, فَلَاقَوْا حَمْضَا ↓ كَانُو مُخَلِّينَ [lit. They were pasturing upon خُلَّة, and they found حَمْض; meaning (assumed tropical:) they were seeking to do mischief, and found him who did them worse mischief]: applied to him who threatens, and finds one stronger than he. (TA. [See also حَمْضٌ.]) خَلْخَلٌ: see خَلٌّ, in the latter half of the paragraph: A2: and see also خَلْخَالٌ.

خُلْخُلٌ: see the next paragraph.

خَلْخَالٌ: see خَلٌّ, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: رَمْلٌ خَلْخَالٌ Rough sand. (TA.) A2: Also, and ↓ حَلْخَلٌ, (JK, S, K,) which is a dial. var. of the former, or a contraction thereof, (S,) and ↓ خُلْخُلٌ, (JK, K,) A well-known ornament (K) of women; (S, K; *) i. e. an anklet: (KL:) [or a pair of anklets; for you say,] فِى سَاقَيْهَا خَلْخَالٌ [Upon her legs is a pair of anklets]: (TA in art. حجل:) pl. (of the first, S) خَلَاخِيلُ (S, TA) and [of the second and third] خَلَاخِلُ. (TA.) خَالٌّ (K) and ↓ مُتَخَلْخِلٌ (Mgh, K) [and ↓ مُخْتَلٌّ all signify Having interstices, breaks, chinks, or the like:] uncompact, or incoherent: (Mgh, K:) the first and second applied in this sense to an army. (K.) b2: For the first, see also خَالٌ, in art. خيل.

A2: And see خُلَالَةٌ.

أَخَلُّ More, and most, poor, or needy: (K, TA:) from أَخَلَّ إِلَيْهِ signifying “ he wanted it,” or “ needed it. ” (TA.) Hence the phrase أَخَلُّ إِلَيْهِ [meaning More, or most, in need of him, or it]. (TA.) b2: See also خَلِيلٌ.

مُخَلٌّ: see خَلِيلٌ.

مُخِلٌّ: see خَلِيلٌ: A2: and see also خُلِّىٌّ, in two places: b2: and what here follows.

أَرْضٌ مَخَلَّةٌ, or ↓ مُخِلَّةٌ, (accord. to different copies of the S,) A land abounding with خُلَّة, not containing any حَمْض. (S.) مَخْلُولٌ: see خَلِيلٌ, first sentence: A2: and see also خَلٌّ, in the latter half of the paragraph, in three places.

مُخَلْخَلٌ The part, of the leg, which is the place of the خَلْخَال [or anklet]; (JK, K;) i. e., of the leg of a woman. (TA.) مُخْتَلٌّ: see خَالٌّ: b2: and see خَلٌّ, in the latter half of the paragraph: b3: and خَلِيلٌ. b4: Also Vehemently thirsty. (ISd, K.) b5: أَمْرٌ مُخْتَلٌّ An affair in a weak, or an unsound, state. (K.) A2: See also خُلِّىٌّ, in two places.

مُتَخَلْخِلٌ: see خَالٌّ.

(ق د م) : (قَدَّمَ وَتَقَدَّمَ) بِمَعْنَى (وَمِنْهُ) مُقَدِّمَةُ الْجَيْشِ (وَمُقَدِّمَةُ الْكِتَابِ) بِالْكَسْرِ وَأَقْدَمَ مِثْلُهُ (وَمِنْهُ) الْإِقْدَامُ فِي الْحَرْب (وَمُقَدِّمُ الْعَيْنِ) مَا يَلِي الْأَنْف خِلَاف مُؤَخِّرِهَا وَقَدَم مِثْله قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى {يَقْدُمُ قَوْمَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ} [هود: 98] (وَمِنْهُ) قَادِمَةُ الرَّحْلِ خِلَاف آخِرَتِهِ (وَقَدِمَ الْبَلَدَ) أَتَاهُ مِنْ بَابِ لَبِسَ (وَمِنْهُ) رَجُلٌ يَقْدَمُ بِتِجَارَةٍ وَقَدُمَ مِنْ بَاب قَرُبَ وَخِلَافُهُ حَدَثَ مِنْ بَابِ طَلَبَ (وَقَوْلُهُمْ) أَخَذَهُ مَا قَدُمَ وَمَا حَدَثَ إنَّمَا ضُمَّ لِلِازْدِوَاجِ وَمَعْنَاهُ عَاوَدَهُ قَدِيمُ الْأَحْزَان وَحَدِيثُهَا (وَمِثْلُهُ) أَخَذَهُ مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ وَأَخَذَهُ الْمُقِيمُ وَالْمُقْعِدُ أَيْ الْهَمُّ الْقَرِيب وَالْبَعِيد الَّذِي يُقْلِق صَاحِبَهُ فَلَا يَسْتَقِرُّ بَلْ يَقُومُ وَيَقْعُدُ بِسَبَبِهِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْل أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ مَنْ يَأْتِ سُدَدَ السُّلْطَانِ يَقُمْ وَيَقْعُدْ وَهَذِهِ كُلّهَا كَلِمَاتٌ تَقُولُهَا الْعَرَبُ لِلرَّجُلِ يَتَبَالَغُ هَمُّهُ وَغَمُّهُ وَيُقَالُ تَقَدَّمَ إلَيْهِ الْأَمِيرُ بِكَذَا أَوْ فِي كَذَا إذَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ وَإِنْ عَصَاهُ عَاصٍ فَلْيَتَقَدَّمْ إلَيْهِ الْأَمِيرُ أَيْ فَلْيَأْمُرْهُ وَلْيُنْذِرْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَإِنْ عَصَاهُ عَاصٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَمَا أَحْسَن تَأْدِيبَهُ أَيْ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ تَأْدِيبَهُ وَلَمْ يُبَالِغْ فِي زَجْرِهِ حَتَّى لَا يَعْصِيَهُ ثَانِيًا وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا تَعَجُّبًا مِنْ عِصْيَانِ الْمَأْمُورِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْهَزْءِ وَالسُّخْرِيَة وَمَنْ قَالَ هُوَ تَعَجُّبٌ مِنْ الْأَمْرِ وَأَنَّ الْمَعْنَى مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا لَوْ أَدَّبَهُ لَمْ يَبْعُدْ مِنْ الصَّوَاب (وَفِي حَدِيثِ) عُمَرَ لَوْ كُنْتُ تَقَدَّمْتُ فِي الْمُتْعَة لَرَجَمْتُ أَيْ لَوْ سَبَقَ أَمْرٌ مِنِّي إلَيْهِمْ فِي مَعْنَى الْمُتْعَة ثُمَّ أَقْدَمُوا عَلَيْهَا وَفَعَلُوهَا لَرَجَمْتُهُمْ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا عَلَى التَّحْدِيد وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مُبَالَغَةٌ فِي التَّهْدِيدِ (وَقَوْلُهُ) إذَا تَقَدَّمَ إلَيَّ الْمُشْتَرِي لِلدَّارِ فِي حَائِطٍ مِنْهَا مَائِل أَيْ أُذِنَ وَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّ هَذَا قَدْ مَالَ (وَالْقَدَمُ) مِنْ الرِّجْلِ مَا يَطَأُ عَلَيْهِ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ لَدُنْ الرُّسْغِ إلَى مَا دُون ذَلِكَ وَقَوْلُهُمْ هَذَا تَحْتَ قَدَمَيَّ عِبَارَة عَنْ الْإِبْطَال وَالْإِهْدَار (وَقَدُّومٌ) بَلْدَةٌ بِالشَّامِ (وَأَمَّا الْقَدُومُ) مِنْ آلَاتِ النَّجَّار فَالتَّشْدِيدُ فِيهِ لُغَةٌ.

قدم

قَدُمَ(n. ac. قِدَم
قَدَاْمَة)
a. Was prior, previous to, before.
b. Was old, ancient.

قَدَّمَa. Put, made to go first, placed at the head, gave the
precedence to; sent in advance.
b. [acc. & La], Offered, proffered, presented to.
c. [acc.
or
'Ala], Preferred to.
d. [Ila], Ordered, commanded.
e. Took (oath).
f. see V (c)g. [ coll. ]
see I (a)
أَقْدَمَa. see I (c) ( قَدِمَ) (e), & II (a).
تَقَدَّمَa. Was, went first, preceded, was at the head of.
b. Was chief, lord.
c. [Bain], Placed himself in ( the hands of ):
presented himself to, before.
d. [Ila], Advanced to, came to, approached.
e. [Ila & Fī], Ordered, commanded, bid to do.
f. ['Ala], Was preferred to.
g. ['Ala], Surpassed, excelled, exceeded.
h. Was brave, courageous.

تَقَاْدَمَa. see (قَدُمَ)

إِسْتَقْدَمَa. see V (a) (h).
c. Advanced boldly, took the lead; was first
foremost.
d. Deemed old.

قَدْمa. Red cloth.

قَدْمَةa. see N. Ac.
IV
قِدْمa. Olden times; former times; antiquity.

قِدْمَةa. see 3t
قُدْمa. see 26 (a)
قُدْمَةa. Priority, precedence.
b. Courage.

قَدَم
(pl.
أَقْدَاْم)
a. Foot; step; pace.
b. Precedence; pre-eminence; place of honour.
c. see 26 (a)
& N. Ac.
أَقْدَمَ
قَدَمِيَّةa. A kind of hide.
b. Fee (doctor's).
قَدِمa. see 26 (a)b. Rough, stony (ground).
قِدَمa. Pre-existence; anteriority.
b. see 2
قُدَمِيَّةa. Proud gait.

قُدُمa. see 5 (a)b. Indomitable.

قُدُمِيَّةa. see 9yit
أَقْدَمُ
( pl.
reg. )
a. Former; prior; previous; older.
b. [art.], First, foremost; oldest; senior.
c. [art.], Boldest.
مَقْدَمa. Arrival, coming; return.
b. [ coll. ]
see 21t (a)
قَاْدِم
(pl.
قُدُم
قُدَّاْم)
a. First, foremost.
b. Coming; future; next (year).
c. (pl.
قَوَاْدِمُ), Head; main part.
قَاْدِمَة
(pl.
قَوَاْدِمُ)
a. Front, front part.
b. (pl.
قُدَاْم ya
قَوَاْدِمُ), Van-guard; advance-guard.
c. Front feathers ( bird's wing ).
d. see
N. Ag.
أَقْدَمَ
(a. a ).
قُدَاْمa. see 25 (a)
قُدَاْمَةa. Exemplar.

قَدِيْم
(pl.
قُدَاْمَى
قُدَمَآءُ قَدَاْئِمُ)
a. Old, ancient.
b. [art.], The Eternal.
قَدِيْمَةa. fem. of
قَدِيْم
قَدُوْم
(pl.
قُدُم)
a. Brave, courageous, valiant, intrepid; bold.
b. (pl.
قُدُم
قَدَاْئِمُ
46), Hatchet; adze.
قَدُوْمِيَّة
a. [ coll. ]
see 40yit
قُدُوْمa. see 17 (a)
قَدَّاْمa. Leader, head; prince.

قُدَّاْمa. see 28b. Front.

قُدَّاْمِيَّة
a. [ coll. ]
see 40yit
قِدِّيْمa. see 28
قَدُّوْم
a. [ coll. ]
see 26 (b)
قَاْدُوْمِيَّة
a. [ coll. ], Shortest road, direct
way. —
مِقْدَاْم مِقْدَاْمَة
(pl.
مَقَاْدِيْمُ), Courageous, intrepid; first in the attack.
N. P.
قَدَّمَa. First, foremost; principal; head, chief;
president.
b. Major ( of a syllogism ).
c. Front; prow (ship).
N. Ac.
قَدَّمَa. Presentation, offering.

N. Ag.
أَقْدَمَ
(pl.
مَقَاْدِيْمُ)
a. Front, bow, pommel ( of the saddle ).
b. Inner corner ( of the eye ).
c. Face.

N. Ac.
أَقْدَمَa. Courage, valour, intrepidity; boldness;
indomitableness.
b. Advance.

N. Ag.
تَقَدَّمَa. see N. P.
II (a)b. Prefect.

N. Ac.
تَقَدَّمَa. Priority, pre-eminence; primacy; supremacy.
b. Preference.
c. [ coll. ], Progress
advancement.
N. Ac.
تَقَاْدَمَa. Antiquity.
b. Seniority.

مُقَدِّمَة مْقَدَّمَة
a. Preface.
b. Premises: major; minor ( of a syllogism ).
c. .
see N. Ag.
IV (a)d. see 21t (a) (b).
تَقْدِمَة (pl.
قَدَاْمِيْ4ُ)
a. Presentation.
b. Offering, present.

قِدَْمًا
a. Of old; formerly.

قُدُمًا
a. Straight on.

قُدَّام
a. Before, in front.

قُدَّامَك
a. Before thee.

قَدِيْمًا
a. في الْقَدِيْم Formerly; of old; in
ancient times; of yore.
مِن القَدِيْم
a. From of old.

قَيْدَام قَيْدُوْم
a. Front, projecting part.

سَمْتُ الْقَدَم
a. The nadir.

الأَقْدَمُوْن
a. The ancients.

مُتَقَدِّم ذِكْرُهُ
a. The above-mentioned, the above.

قِدْمًا عَادَتُهُ كَذَا
a. It was his habit.

يَمْشِي القُدُمِيَّة
يَمْشِي التَّقْدُمَة
يَمْشِي القُدَمَ
a. He was intrepid, daring; was first in the fray.

قُدْمُوْس
a. Ancient.

قَدْن
a. Sufficiency.

قدم: إلى: وصل. (بوشر، كليلة ودمنة (ص280)، ويقال أيضا: قدم ل (معجم أبي الفداء).
قدم على، أو قدم أن: أقدم على، اجترأ، تجرأ، تجاسر .. وقدم على فلان: اجترأ على مهاجمته، أو قتله. (معجم الطرائف، معجم بدرون).
قدم: عتق، صار عتيقا. (وذلك إذا لم تطلق على الأشخاص). (الكالا).
قدم، وقدم له أو إليه، وضع له طعاما ونبيذا قدامه على المائدة. (عبد الواحد ص69، ص152، كوسج طرائف ص61).
قدم له أو إليه: أعطاه هديته، وأنعم عليه بها. (مملوك 1، 1: 153، ألف ليلة 1: 39، 40).
قدم فلانا، عليه: وضعه أمام عينيه. ففي البكري (ص35): ما أبالي ما قدمت عليه يوم القيامة وفي صحيفتي أربع حسنات الخ.
قدم اللوازم أو العدة: جهز، زود، اعد العدة مون. (بوشر).
قدم كفيلا: أعد كفيلا. (بوشر).
قدم: فضل وآثر شخصا على آخر. (كوسج طرائف ص132).
قدم: عين شخصا في وظيفة، وتجد مثالا له في مادة أخرى (المقري 1: 884).
قدم: إلى فلان: أمره. (معجم الطرائف في مادة تقدم).
قدم: ألقى السلاح، استسلم. (ألف ليلة 1: 81).
نقدم إرساله: نسرع ونعجل بإرساله إليك. (بوشر).
قدم (في معجم فريتاج) تدل بالتأكيد على المعنى الذي ذكره بوشر في معجمه وهو سبق، وتخطى، وتفوق، وتقدم. (عباد 1: 305، 3: 148). وفي محيط المحيط: قدم القوم سبقهم، وبعد ذلك وقدم بين يديه تقدم.
أقدم: جاء به، أتى به، قدم به. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص282): سألوه ما أقدمه إلى مدينتهم.
أقدم إلى: جاء إلى، وصل إلى، أتى إلى، قدم إلى. (معجم الطرائف).
أقدم. أو أقدم أن، تجرأ، تجاسر، وتقدم على فلان: تجرأ على مهاجمته، أو على قتله. (معجم الطرائف، معجم أبي الفداء) وفي هذا الأخير، بشيء تصحيف على شيء.
أقدم على فلان ب: تجرأ فعمل شيئا ضده. (معجم أبي الفدا).
أقدم: أقتحم، تحدى، خاطلا، غامر، جازف، واجترأ، تجاسر. (فوك).
تقدم: حظي، صار ذا حظوة. (معجم الطرائف).
تقدم: عين في وظيفة. (كرتاس ص42). وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص23 ق): تقدم قاضيا.
تقدم: ارتفع في عمله من أصغر درجة إلى أرفعها ووصل إليها درجة بعد درجة. (عباد 2: 125).
تقدم على فلان: صار إماما للصلاة. (أنظرها في مادة مأموم).
تقدم: أمر. ويقال: تقدم به. (معجم الطرائف) ومقدم عليه. أخبار ص69).
تقدم: التزم، تعهد، تكفل (الكالا) ويقال: تقدم في، ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص14): فإن يكن من ضيم ناله كنت أولى من اخذ يده (بيده) وسارع في تشريفه وتقدم في البلوغ إلى مراده وإعزازه وأرى إن معنى هذا الفعل في هذا الفعل في هذه العبارة خير من معنى أمر.
اقتدم: انظر فيما يلي المصدر اقتدام.
استقدم: جاء به، طلب قدومه. (معجم الماوردي، معجم الطرائف).
قدم: قدم، تقادم. (الكالا، بوشر).
قدم: ما يطأ الأرض من رجل الإنسان. وهي مذكر أيضا.) فليشر في تعليقه على المقري 2: 728، بريشت ص178 محيط المحيط).
قدم: قدم أو قدم بعد قدم: خطوة خطوة، على مهل، رويدا رويدا، قليلاً قليلا. (بوشر).
أمير صاحب قدم: أمير حضوره يجلب السعادة (بوشر).
قدم نحس: مشئوم. (بوشر).
قدم: مقياس (بوشر)، وقدمان تساوي ذراعا (50 سم)، وأكثر قليلا من شبر. (ابن العوام 1: 11).
قدم: خلوة. (همبرت ص43).
موضع قدم: موضع (مكان) يهم ذو شأن.
ففي البلاذري (ص175): لم يبق بالجزيرة موضع قدم إلا فتح على عهد عمر بن الخطاب. وهذا فيما أرى صواب الكلمة وتفسيرها وليس موضع قدم أي موضع قديم كما يقول الناشر في المعجم.
قدم: ما يلي القدم من النعل (دلابورت ص94).
القدم: لا أدري ما معنى القدم في جامع الصخرة في بيت المقدس التي وردت في النص الذي نقله أماري (ص515) وهو: لما دخل الصخرة رأى قسيسا قاعدا عند القدم يأخذ من الفرنج قراطيس.
قدم: أزل، أزلية، أبدية، خلود. (معجم بدرون).
قدمية: في اصطلاح الأطباء أجرة حضور الطبيب إلى منزل المريض قدوم، وهي عندهم لفظة قديمة أنكرها ابن السكيت وابن الانباري وقبلها المطرزي. (محيط المحيط) والجمع قداديم، وفي السعدية (النشيد 74) قادوم. (بوشر، أبو الوليد ص801، ابن بطوطة 4: 192): قيدوم (فوك) وجمعها قوادم: قدوم، بليطة حادة معقوفة المقطع، آلة النجار. (الكالا، بوشر وفيه قدوم النجارين، صفة مصر 12: 462). وآلة تستعمل قفلا ومطرقة للنجارين (صفة مصر 12: 494). ومطرقة (همبرت ص85). والآلة أحد طرفيها معول وطرفها الآخر فأس. (مرجريت ص317) والآلة التي تجري مجرى الفأس. (الثعالبي لطائف ص4).
قدوم: ثمر شجرة البطم. (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 281).
قديم: عتيق: تجمع على قدم في معجم بوشر.
لقديمهم في البلد: لأنهم أقدم أسرة في البلد. (دي سلان، تاريخ البربر 1: 626).
رجل لا قديم له: رجل حديث العهد طارئ. ففي كتاب ابن القوطية (ص25 ق) في تعداده موظفي بيت المال: ومهران بن عبد ربه من البربر لا قديم له.
قديمه: مآثره، كما ترجمها دي سلان. (تاريخ البربر 1: 448).
قديما على= قادما على، هذا إذا كانت كتابة الكلمة صحيحة. ففي عباد (1: 380). وصحب أبا عمر بن عبد البر قديما على بعض شيوخه قدومة: مطرقة. هلو).
قديمة، قديمات: جورب من الحرير أو اقطن. (برجرن، همبرت ص21).
قديمية: قدم. عتق. (بوشر).
قدام: أمام، إزاء، تجاه. (فوك، بوشر، كوسج طرائف ص108، مملوك 1، 1: 13، ألف ليلة 1: 31).
قدام: مقابل، تلقاء، حذاء، (بوشر).
قدوم: انظر قدوم.
قديم: حلفاء تعمل منها الحبال. (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 7: 264). ونوع صغير من الحلفاء. (جاكو ص53 وهي عنده قدين بالنون، بارت 1: 35 وهو يذكر قديم مع حلفا).
الوجه الأمامي، القبل. (بوشر).
الطريق القدامية: الطريق المختصرة القريبة. (محيط المحيط).
قدامية: مقدم اليد، القسم الأمامي من الفرس والحصان. (بوشر).
قادم: عرقوب، كاحل، عقب غليظ فوق العقب. (باين سميث 1385).
قادوم: انظر قدوم.
قيدوم: انظر قدوم.
الطريق القادومية: الطريق المختصرة القريبة (محيط المحيط).
قويدمة: تصغير وهي ريشة في مقدم الجناح (المقري 2: 421) وأقرأ في طبعة بولاق والمعجم اللاتيني العربي: قويدمتى.
إقدام: عناية، اهتمام، اعتناء. (رولاند).
تقديم: سيطرة، سلطة، سيادة، رتبة السيد، رتبة السلطان. (الكالا).
تقديم: مركيزية، منصب وأرض لمركيز وهو لقب شريف من أشراف الإفرنج. (الكالا).
تقديم: إدارة البيت، تدبير المنزل، ومنصب كبير الخدم عند العظماء، وهو القهرمان ورئيس الخدم (الكالا).
تقديم: أسقفية، ولاية أسقف. (الكالا).
تقديم: دير، منصب رئيس الدير، ومنصب رئيسة الدير. (الكالا).
تقدمة: رتبة تمنح عند طائفة الفرسان الحربيين وهم فرسان التقدمة. (الكالا).
تقدمة الجيش: قيادة الجيش. (المقري 2: 61).
تقدمة: بأبوية، منصب البابا. (الكالا).
تقدمة: دير، منصب رئيس الدير. (الكالا).
تقدمة: منصب القاضي البلدي في فرنسا قديما، ومنصب المحلف. (الكالا).
تقدمة، والجمع تقادم: هدية، عطية سواء كانت طوعا أو جبرا. (مملوك 1، 1: 153).
تقدمة: هدية يقدمها رئيس الفلاحين الجديد إلى مالك الأرض. (صفة مصر 11: 478).
تقدمة، والجمع تقادم: عربون، اربون. وفي معجم فوك: تقدم ل تقادم: التقادم عند أرباب الزراعة: ما يحصد من الزرع قبل أوان حصاده لقضاء الحاجة في الوقت (محيط المحيط).
مقدم، والجمع مقادم: دقل السفينة وساريتها، صاري السفينة. (الكالا).
مقدم، والجمع مقادم: رواق. (شيرب ديال ص120).
مقادم: أكارع الغنم. (بوشر).
مقدم، والجمع مقادم: جؤجؤ، مقدم السفينة (فوك). والعامة تقول: مقدم بضم الميم والدال لمقدم المركب (محيط المحيط).
مقدم، الأسنان المقادم: الأسنان القواطع الثنايا، وهي الأسنان الأربع في مقدمة الفم، ثنتان من فوق وثنتان من تحت. (بوشر).
مقدم: نقيب في الجيش (الكالا) وهو ضابط تحت إمرته مائة جندي. (هوست ص184).
مقدم: الرئيس الأعلى للنقابة والأخوية وغير ذلك. (الكالا).
مقدم: مشير، مارشال- (الكالا).
مقدم: كبير الخدم عند العظماء، قهرمان، استادار. (الكالا).
مقدم: رئيس فرقة دينية. (كندي 1: 125).
مقدم: ربان سفينة، قائد مركب. (الكالا).
مقدم: كان للحاكم (لدين الله الفاطمي) نائب يسمونه المقدن (كذا) يمثله في ديوان القضاء. (نوريس ص260).
مقدم: يقول سنت أولون (ص112): إن القائد في دولة مراكش يعين في كل مدينة أو قرية تحت إمرته ضابطين، الثاني منهما هو المقدم أو قاضي الشرطة، وعمله أن يفرض المكس والضريبة ويعين ثمن الغلة من الأطعمة والوقود التي تباع بالوزن، ويراقب تنفيذ ذلك.
المقدم: عند الدروز هو الثالث من رتب أكابر العشائر وهي الأمير وهو أعلاها ثم الخوند ثم المقدم ثم الشيخ. والعامة تكسر الدال غلطا.) محيط المحيط).
مقدم: لكل قبة (وهو مسجد بني على قبر مربوط) مقدمهن وهو أشبه بالقندلفت خادم الكنيسة، ويقوم بجمع النذور والتصرف بها، ويعيش ببحبوحة ورفاهية على حساب هذا الولي، (كولومب ص17).
مقدم: قيم أو ناظر يقوم بجمع النذور من الحجاج وحملها إلى القيصر (رولف ص22).
مقدم: خصي يتولى تربية فتاة. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 97): المقدم الذي رباكي (والمقدم فيها غير صحيح) وفي برسل (1: 247): الطواشي الذي رباكي.
مقدم: وصي (وهو شخص مكلف بالإشراف على مصالح قاصر أو منذر) يعينه القاضي. (هلو).
مقدم: شرطي. (ألف ليلة 1: 233، 328، 2: 27، 291، 3: 435).
مقدم: عربون، اربون. ففي معجم فوك: نعطيك مقدم.
مقدم: دقل، سارية، صاري السفينة (الكالا).
مقدم: جؤجؤ السفينة، مقدم المركب وهو ضد مؤخرة. (محيط المحيط): وبهذا المعنى وردت الكلمة هذه في رحلة ابن بطوطة غير أن الناشر كتبها مقدم (4: 271) انظر: مقدم.
مقدمة: رئيسة دير. (الكالا).
مقدمة: ديباجة، فاتحة، استهلال. (فوك).
مقدمة: في مصطلح المنطق: قضية (فوك).
مقدمة: خطاب، خطبة، موعظة (الكالا).
مقدمة: إخطار، تنبيه، تحذير، إنذار. ففي كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص59 ق): ودخل الفرسان- على غير علم ولا مقدمة من وصولهم مقدمية: رئاسة دير. (فوك).
مقدام: جريء في الحرب. (فوك).
مقدوم: ساعي البريد في المقاطعة، وقيم، ووكيل. أو الجابي العام (عواده ص1444، دسكرياك ص428).
مقدامة: واجهة، مقدم البناء (هلو).
ومقدمة القياس عند المنطقيين هي ما تترتب عليه النتيجة من القضايا، كما في قولك كل مركب فاسد وكل جسم مركب فكل جسم فاسد. ويقال للقضية الأولى وهي كل مركب فاسد مقدمة كبرى، وللثانية وهي كل جسم مركب مقدمة صغرى.
مقادم -جمع) = مقاديم. (الكامل ص274).
متقدم: سابق، مقدم، ويقال: متقدم على، أو متقدم ل. (معجم أبي الفدا).
متقدم: قاضي بلدي (في فرنسا قديما) ومحلف. (الكالا).
اقتدام: ترفيع، ترقية، (رولاند).

قدم

1 قَدَمَ القَوْمَ

, aor. قَدُمَ

, inf. n. قَدْمٌ (S, * Msb, K) and قُدُومٌ; (K;) and ↓ تَقَدَّمَهُمْ; (S, * Msb, K;) and ↓ قَدَّمَهُمْ; and ↓ اِسْتَقْدَمَهُمْ; (K:) He became before the people: (TA:) syn. سَبَقَهُمْ; (Msb;) he preceded them; went before them; took precedence of them; headed them; led them, so as to serve as an example, or object of imitation. b2: See أَمَّهُمْ. b3: قَدِمَ البَلَدَ, aor. قَدَمَ

, inf. n. قُدُومٌ and مَقْدَمٌ, [He came to, or arrived at, the town, &c.] (Msb.) أَخْذَنِى مَا قَدُمَ وَماَ حَدُثَ: see art. حدث. b4: قَدِمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ i. q.

عَلَيْهِ ↓ أَقْدَمَ [He advanced boldly to undertake the affair]. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse voce مُضَافٌ. b5: See 6.2 قَدَّمَ زَيْدًا إِلَى الحَائِطِ He brought Zeyd near, or caused him to draw near, or to approach, to the wall. (Msb.) b2: قَدَّمَهُ He put it forward; offered it; proffered it. b3: He brought, and brought forward, him or it. b4: قَدَّمَ لَهُ طَعَامًا He proffered, offered, or presented to him, food. b5: قَدَّمَ He did good or evil previously, or beforehand: (Bd, and Jel in xxxvi. 11; &c.:) he laid up in store. (Bd in xii. 48.) See زَلَّفَهُ. b6: قَدَّمَ He made foremost; put, brought, or sent, forward; he advanced him or it: he promoted him. b7: قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيَرِهِ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ, He made him, or it, to be before, or have precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he placed, or put, him, or it, before another; or made him, or it, to precede another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he preferred him, or it, before another; or honoured, or esteemed, him, or it, above another. (Kull, p. 104.) b8: قَدَّمَهُ لِكَذَا He prepared it, or provided it beforehand, for such a thing. See Kur, xii. 48. b9: قَدَّمَ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ خَيْرًا He prepared, or provided in store, for himself, good, [i. e. a reward,] with God. (A and Mgh in art. حسب.) b10: قدّم لَهُ الثَّمَنَ He paid him in advance, or beforehand, the price. b11: قَدَّمَ أَنْ پَفْعَلَ كَذَا He preferred doing such a thing; syn. آثَرَ, i. e. فَضَّلَ. (M in art. أَثر.) [Hence, قَدَّمَ العَجْزَ فِىالشَّىْءِ He preferred backwardness with respect to the thing.] (See فَرَّطَ and فُرُطٌ: and see Kull, p. 279.) b12: قَدَّمَ syn. with تَقَدَّمَ, q. v.: like as أَخَّرَ is with تَأَخَّرَ: so in the Kur, xli. 1. (TA, art, أخر.) b13: قَدَّمَ [is trans. and intrans.: for its significations as an intrans. v., see its syn. تقدّم, and see 1:] as a trans. v. it is contr. of أَخَّرَ. (Msb, art. أخر.) b14: قَدَّمَ is syn. with بَدَأَ بِهِ. (Mgh and Msb in art. بدأ.) b15: قَدَّمَ

إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا: see تَقَدَّمَ. b16: See تَأَذَّنَ voce

آذَنَ. b17: قَدَّمَ أَوْلَادًا and قَدَّمَتْهُمْ: see أَفْرَطَ. b18: قَدَّمَهُ and ↓ أَقْدَمَهُ He urged him forward. (Mo'allakát, 157.) b19: قَدَّمَ has تَقْدِمَةٌ for an inf. n. 4 أَقْدَمَ He was bold, or audacious. b2: أَقْدَمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He ventured upon, or addressed himself to, the thing boldly, courageously, or daringly; (S, K;) he attempted it. b3: أَقْدَمَ على قِرْنِهِ He behaved boldly, courageously, or daringly, against his adversary; (Msb;) he attached him. b4: See 1. b5: أَقْدِمْ, (improperly إِقْدِمْ,) said to a horse, Advance boldly! (S.) So rendered voce أَهَابَ, and هَبْ.5 تَقَدَّمَ He was, or became, or went, before, or ahead; preceded; had, or took, precedence; contr. of تَأَخَّرَ, q. v. See 1. b2: تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى

الحَائِطِ He drew near, or approached, to the wall. (Msb.) b3: تَقَدَّمَ He advanced; went forward, or onward. (L, art. قود.) b4: تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى الحَقِّ: see Bd, xviii. 27. b5: تَقَدَّمَ He became advanced, or promoted. b6: تَقَدَّمَ مِنْهُ كَلاَمٌ: see فَرَطَ: but the primary meaning is, Speech proceeded from him previously. b7: تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى

غَيْرِهِ quasi-pass. of قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ; He, or it, was, or became, before, or had precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, before another; preceded another; went before another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, preferred before another; or honoured, or esteemed, above another: in all these senses like تَقَدَّمَ غَيْرَهُ. See بَكَّرَ. b8: تَقَدَّمَ فِى أَمْرٍ [He was forward in an affair] قَبْلَ فِعْلِهِ [before doing it]. (A'Obeyd, T in art. رمى.) b9: تَقَدَّمَ i. q.

سَبَقَ; (K, art. سبق, &c.;) and contr. of تَأَخَّرَ. (TA, art. أخر.) b10: تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا, (K,) or بِكَذَا, (Msb,) or both, (Mgh,) He commanded, ordered, bade, charged, or enjoined, him respecting, or to do, such a thing; (Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ قَدَّمَ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ. (Msb.) 6 تَقَادَمَ is best rendered It became old: and ↓ قَدُمَ it was old.8 اِقْتَدَى بِهِ He did as he did, following his example; or taking him as an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imitation. (Msb.) He followed his example, imitated him; &c.10 اِسْتَقْدَمَ He went before. b2: اِسْتَقْدَمَتْ رِحَالَتُكَ: see art. رحل.

قَدَمٌ The human foot, from the ankle downwards. (Mgh.) b2: لَهُ قَدَمٌ رَاسِخَةٌ فِى العِلْمِ: see art. رسخ. b3: عَلَى قَدَمٍ عَظِيمٍ

On an excellent foundation. b4: فُلَانٌ عَلَى قَدَمِ فُلَانٍ

Such a one is successor of such a one.

قِدَمٌ Oldness; antiquity. b2: Existence, or duration, or time, without beginning; like

أَزَلٌ (Kull, p. 31; &c.) See أَزَلٌ. b3: عَلَى وَجْهِ الدَّهْرِ: قِدَمُ الدَّهْرِ means properly the olden time; antiquity. b4: علَىَ قِدَمِ الدَّهْرِ [In, or from, old, or ancient, time; of old]. (S, M, K, art. أس; in the first and last of which it is coupled with the like phrase.) مِنْ قُدُمٍ

[In front]. (K, voce ظُنْبُوبٌ.) b2: قُدُمٌ: see أُخُرٌ.

قاَدِمَةٌ as applied to a part of a camel's saddle is an improper word: the proper term is وَاسِطٌ.

قَدُومٌ An adz; [so in the present day, but pronounced قَدُّوم;] a certain implement of the carpenter; (S, Mgh, Msb;) a فَأْس with which one hews, or forms or fashions by cutting. (S.) قَدِيمٌ Ancient; old; to which no commencement is assigned. b2: مَالٌ قَدِيمٌ Old, or long-possessed, property. (S, A, Mgh, Msb, all in art. تلد.) b3: قَدِيمٌ The reputation (حَسَبٌ) of a man or people. (TA, art. دثر.) See a verse in 1 of art. ثنى. b4: القَدِيمُ, as an epithet applied to God, i. q. القَدِيمُ الأَزَلِىُّ The Ancient without beginning.

القُدَّامُ The location that is before.

قَوادِمُ

: respecting the feathers thus called, see voce مَنَاكِبُ, and أَبْهَرُ.

جَرِىْءُ المُقْدَمِ

: see art. جرأ. المُقْدَم is here syn. with الإِقْدَام.

مَقْدَامٌ Very bold or daring or courageous (S, K,) against the enemy; (S;) as also مَقْدَامَةٌ. (S.) b2: مِقْدَامَةٌ: see voce مِعْزاَبَة. b3: [The pl.]

مَقَادِمُ Fronts; fore parts. See an ex. voce أَعْثَرَ. b4: مَقَادِيمُ The front of the forehead. (JK.) مُقَدَّمٌ A provost, chief, head, director, conductor, or manager. b2: مُقَدَّمٌ The antecedent (or first proposition) in an enthymeme, and (first part) of a hypothetical proposition. b3: مُقَدَّمَةٌ The van, or vanguard, of an army.

مُقَدِّمَةٌ The ground whereon rests an inquiry or investigation: and the ground whereon rests the truth of an evidence or a demonstration: and a [premiss or] proposition which is made a part of a syllogism: and المُقَدِّمَةُ الغَرِيبَةُ is that [premiss] which is both actually and virtually suppressed in the syllogism; as when we say, A is equal to B, and B is equal to C, when it results that A is equal to C, by means of the مُقَدِّمَة غَرِيبَة, which is, every equal to the equal of a thing is equal to that thing. (KT.) مُتَقَدِّمٌ Preceding: anterior; being, or lying, in advance of others. b2: مُتَقَدِّمٌ فِى الأُمُورِ Forward in affairs.

الآمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ in the Kur, xv. 24: see Bd; and see its opposite, المُسْتَأْخِرِينَ.

صلع

1 صَلِعَ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. صَلَعٌ, (S, * O, * Msb, K, * TA,) He (a man, S, O, K *) was, or became, bald in the fore part of the head: (S, * O, * Msb, K: * but in the Msb it is said in this sense of the head:) or in the fore part of the head to the kinder part thereof: and likewise in the middle of the head. (TA.) [See also ?? and جَلَحٌ.] Accord. to Ibn-Seenà, the baldness termed صَلَعٌ does not happen to women, because of the abundance of their moisture; nor to eunuchs, because their constitutions are nearly like those of women. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] صَلِعَتِ العُرْفُطَةُ, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) The عرفطة [a species of mimosa] dropped the heads of its branches: and had them eaten by the camels. (TA.) b3: See also 7.

A2: صَلَعَ رَأْسَهُ [perhaps a mistranscription for ↓ صَلَّعَ, and primarily signifying He made his head bald in the fore part:] (tropical:) he shaved his head. (Z, TA.) A3: صَلَعَ said of such as is termed عِذْيَوْط, [but the verb in this sense is probably ↓ صَلَّعَ, (see this latter,)] He voided his ordure (أَحْدَثَ) on the occasion of جِمَاع. (TA.) 2 صلّع: see above, last sentence but one. b2: صلّعت الحَيَّةُ (tropical:) The serpent came forth from concealment (بَرَزَت) without any earth, or dust, upon it. (Ibn- 'Abbád, O, K, TA. [But in the O, the verb in this and the following senses is carelessly written without the sheddeh.]) A2: صلّع, inf. n. تَصْلِيعٌ, (said of a man, IAar, TA,) i. q. أَعْذَرَ [meaning He voided his ordure: see تَصْلِيعٌ as a subst., below; and what here follows]. (IAar, K, TA.) And صلّع فُلَانٌ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) Such a one put his hand evenly expanded (K, TA) on the ground (TA) and voided his ordure or his ordure in a thin state (سَلَحَ): (K, TA:) thus expl. by Lth. (TA.) See also 1, last sentence.5 تصلّعت السَّمَآءُ (assumed tropical:) The sky became bared by the disruption of its clouds. (TA.) b2: See also what next follows.7 انصلعت الشَّمْسُ (tropical:) The sun rose, or began to rise: syn. بَزَغَت: or culminated: or came forth from the clouds, (O, K, TA,) appearing in the time of intense heat, with nothing intervening and concealing it; (TA;) and so ↓ تِصلّعت, (O, K, TA,) and ↓ صَلَعَت [or more probably صَلِعَت]. (TA.) 8 اصطلع, accord. to Reiske, as stated by Freytag, signifies He, or it, was defiled, or polluted; “ conspurcatus fuit: ” but he names no authority.]

صَلَعٌ Baldness in the fore part of the head: (S, O, Msb, K:) or in the fore part of the head to the hinder part thereof: and likewise in the middle of the head. (TA. [See صَلِعَ, of which it is the inf. n.: and see also جَلَحٌ.]) b2: Also a dial. var. of صُلَّعٌ, q. v. (TA.) b3: One says also, لَأُقِيمَنَّ صَلَعَكَ meaning [I will assuredly straighten] thy [natural] crookedness; like ضَلَعَكَ. (TA in art. ضلع, from the T and M.) صَلْعَةٌ: see what next follows.

صُلْعَةٌ: see what next follows.

صَلَعَةٌ A place of baldness such as is termed صَلَعٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ صُلْعَةٌ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ صَلْعَةٌ is said to be a contraction of the first, (O, Msb,) by Lth, (O,) but it is disallowed by the thoroughly learned. (Msb.) صَلَاعٌ, (O, K,) accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, with kesr, (O,) like كِتَابٌ, (K,) in the L [written] with damm, (TA,) The heat of the sun. (O, K.) صَلِيعٌ: see أَصْلَعُ. b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) A mountain having upon it no plants, or herbage. (O, K, TA.) صُلَيْعَآءُ: see أَصْلَعُ, in six places.

صُلَّعٌ: see صُلَّاعٌ. b2: Accord. to As, (S, O, TA,) (tropical:) A place that produces no plants, or herbage; (S, O, K, TA;) whether it be a mountain or land; (TA;) from صَلَعٌ in relation to the head; (S, O, TA;) and ↓ صَلَعٌ is also syn. with صُلَّعٌ in the sense expl. above. (TA.) And [the n. un.] صُلَّعَةٌ signifies A smooth rock. (TA.) صُلَّاعٌ, (S, O, K,) or ↓ صُلَّعٌ, (K,) or the latter also, which is app. a contraction of the former, (S, O,) (assumed tropical:) Broad, (S, O, K, TA,) hard, (K, TA,) smooth, (TA,) rock: (S, O, K, TA:) n. un. (of the former, S, O, [and of the latter also,]) with ة. (S, O, K.) صَوْلَعٌ: see the next paragraph.

أَصْلَعُ, applied to a man, (S, O, Msb,) Bald in the fore part of the head; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) denoting more than أَجْلَحُ: (Mgh:) or bald in the fore part of the head to the hinder part thereof: (TA:) and likewise, (TA,) or accord. to As, (O,) bald in the middle of the head: (O, TA:) and applied also to a head, (Msb, TA,) meaning bald in the fore part: (Msb:) and ↓ صَلِيعٌ signifies the same, applied to a head, (Msb, TA,) and to a man: (Msb:) fem. صَلْعَآءُ; (K;) but some disapprove this, and say that the fem. epithet is زَعْرَآءُ, and قَرْعَآءُ: (TA:) the pl. is صُلْعٌ (O, Msb, K) and صُلْعَانٌ: (O, K:) ↓ أُصَيْلِعُ is the dim. of the masc., [and ↓ صُلَيْعَآءُ is that of the fem.,] meaning as expl. above. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] the fem., applied to a tree such as is termed عُرْفُطَة, [a species of mimosa,] (tropical:) That has dropped the heads of its branches: (S, TA:) and that has had its branches eaten by the camels. (TA.) b3: And, applied to a tract of sand, (رَمْلَةٌ, S, O, K,) and to a land, (أَرْضٌ, K,) (tropical:) In which are no trees: (S, O, TA:) and (TA) in which is no herbage. (O, K, TA.) It also occurs, alone, as meaning (assumed tropical:) A desert (صَحْرَآء) that produces nothing; like the head termed أَصْلَع. (TA.) And ↓ صُلَيْعَآءُ, applied to a land, (assumed tropical:) That produces no plants, or herbage. (TA.) b4: And the masc., applied to a mountain, (assumed tropical:) Open to view, smooth, and glistening. (TA.) b5: And, applied to a spear-head, (tropical:) Glistening and smooth: (O, TA:) or polished; (K;) and so ↓ صَوْلَعٌ. (O, K.) b6: [Hence also,] ↓ الأُصَيْلِعُ signifies (tropical:) The penis. (O, K, TA.) And الأَصْلَعُ is said to signify (tropical:) The head of the penis. (TA.) b7: And ↓ الأُصَيْلِعُ, (S, O, K, TA,) or الأَصْلَعُ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A certain serpent, slender in the neck, (S, O, K, TA,) or, accord. to Az, wide in the neck, round in the head, (TA,) its head being like a hazel-nut: (S, O, K, TA:) thought by Az to be so called as being likened to the penis. (TA.) b8: أَصْلَعُ applied to an affair, or event, (أَمْرٌ,) means (assumed tropical:) Hard, distressing, or calamitous; (TA;) and so applied to a day; as also أَجْلَحُ: (A and TA in art. جلح:) or, applied to a day, (tropical:) intensely hot. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, O, TA.) b9: Also, the fem., [used as a subst.,] (tropical:) Any notorious affair or event; or any such affair that is dubious, of great magnitude or moment, to accomplish which, or to perform which, one finds not the way: (O, K, TA:) and (tropical:) a calamity, or misfortune, (S, O, K, TA,) [or] such as is hard to be borne; [as though it were smooth and slippery;] because there is no escape from it: (TA:) and [in like manner]

↓ صُلَيْعَآءُ (O, K, TA) and صَلْعَآءُ, and سَوْءَةٌ صَلْعَآءُ and ↓ صُلَيْعَآءُ, (TA,) an evil, abominable, or unseemly, action or saying, such as is apparent, manifest, or unconcealed: (O, K, TA:) or a calamity, or misfortune, hard to be borne: (K, TA:) and hence the saying of 'Áïsheh to Mo'áwiyeh, (O, K, TA,) when she reproached him for his having asserted the relationship to him of Ziyád, and he replied that the witnesses gave testimony, (O, K, * TA, [see Abulfedæ Annales, i. 360,]) مَا شَهِدَتِ الشُّهُودُ وَلٰكِنْ رَكِبْتَ

↓ الصُّلَيْعَآءَ [The witnesses did not bear witness (in the CK, erroneously, ما شَهِدْتَ الشُهُودَ,) but thou committedst that which was an evil, abominable, or unseemly, action, &c.]. (O, K, TA.) b10: ↓ صُلَيْعَآءُ is also said to signify (assumed tropical:) The act of glorying, or boasting; syn. فَخْرٌ. (TA.) أُصَيْلِعُ, dim. of أَصْلَعُ: (TA:) see the latter, in three places.

تَصْلِيعٌ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (K, TA.) b2: And a subst., like تَمْتِينٌ and تَنْبِيتٌ, signifying Ordure, or dung; or such as is thin; syn. سُلَاحٌ: (TA:) thus expl. by Lth. (O.)

جفو

1 جَفَا, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. جَفَآءٌ; and ↓ تجافى; It did not keep, or cleave, to its place. (K.) You say, جَفَا جَنْبُهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ, (Mgh,) and عَنْهُ ↓ تجافى, (S, Mgh,) His side did not rest, or was restless, or uneasy, upon the bed; or shrank from it; (S, Mgh;) and heaved, or rose, from it: (Mgh:) or the former, his side did not keep, or cleave, to its place upon the bed: and the latter, it became withdrawn, or removed, from it. (TA.) And جَفَا السَّرْجُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (S Msb, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above; (Msb;) and ↓ تجافى; (S, Msb;) The saddle heaved, or rose, from the back of the horse: (S, Msb:) or did not keep, or cleave, to its place upon his back. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] it is said in a trad. of 'Omar, إِنِّى أَجْفُو عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ مِنَ العِلْمِ Verily I recoil, shrink, or am averse, from some matters of knowledge, or science, and ignore them, or neglect them. (Mgh.) b3: Also جَفَا, (Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (Msb,) [and so the inf. n.,] said of a garment, or piece of cloth, It was thick, coarse, or rough: (Msb, TA:) and in like manner said of a reed-pen, it was thick, coarse, or rough, in its nib. (TA.) b4: [And hence, (see جَفَآءٌ, below, and جَافٍ,) He was, or became, thick, gross, coarse, rough, or rude, of make: and, more commonly, coarse, rough, or rude, of nature or disposition, or in his intercourse and dealings with others; unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly. (See also 10.)] It is said in a trad., مَنْ بَدَا جَفَا, i. e. [He who abides in the desert] becomes coarse, rough, or rude, of nature or disposition; [or unkind, hard, churlish, &c.;] by reason of mixing little with men. (TA.) b5: جَفَا عَلَيْهِ كَذَا Such a thing was, or became, heavy, onerous, burdensome, or oppressive, to him. (K.) A2: جَفَا جَنْبَهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ: and جَفَا السَّرْجَ: see 3. b2: جَفَتِ القِدْرُ زَبَدَهَا The cooking-pot cast forth its froth, or foam; as also ↓ اجفت; (TA;) [like جَفَأَت and اجفأت;] originally without ء. (Er- Rághib, TA.) And جَفَا السَّيْلُ The torrent drove away [things in its course]. (Msb.) b3: جَفَا الرَّجُلَ, aor. as above, He turned away from the man; avoided him; or shunned him: or he drove away the man; from جفا السَّيْلُ, explained above: sometimes meaning, with hatred. (Msb.) And جَفَاهُ He withdrew, or removed, far, or to a distance, from him: whence the saying of Mohammad Ibn-Sookah, لَمَّا قَلَّ مَالِى جَفَانِى إِخْوَانِى [When my property became little, my brethren withdrew far from me]. (TA) b4: And جَفَا مَالَهُ He did not keep, or cleave, or hold fast, to his property. (K.) b5: And جَفَاهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. جَفَآءٌ (S, K) and جَفْوٌ, (K,) He treated him, or behaved towards him, coarsely, roughly, rudely, unkindly, hardly, churlishly, uncivilly, or surlily: (S, K:) you should not say جَفَيْتُ. (S.) The pass. part. n. is ↓ مَجْفُوٌّ and ↓ مَجْفِىٌّ: (S, and K in art. جفى:) the latter formed in accordance with جُفِىَ, in which the و is changed into ى. (Fr, S.) b6: He did to him what displeased, grieved, or vexed, him; did to him what he disliked, or hated; did evil to him. (TA.) So in the trad., مَنْ حَجَّ وَلَمْ يَزُرْنِى فَقَدْ جَفَا [He who performs the pilgrimage to Mekkeh and does not visit me, i.e. does not visit my tomb afterwards, either on his homeward journey or by journeying to ElMedeeneh for that special purpose, does what displeases me]. (TA.) b7: جَفَتِ المَرْأُةُ وَلَدَهَا The woman neglected to take care of her child, or to pay frequent attention to it. (TA.) 2 تَجْفِيَةٌ [inf. n. of جفّى] signifies, in Persian, جفاء فرمودن [app. as meaning The ordering one to act, or to treat another, coarsely, roughly, rudely, &c.]. (KL. [Accord. to Golius, as on this authority, “i. q. جَفَا, sign. injuria affecit; duriter et inique tractavit: seu transit. ejus. ”]) 3 جافى جَنْبَهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ, and ↓ جَفَاهُ, He caused his side not to rest, or caused it to be restless, or uneasy, upon the bed; or caused it to shrink therefrom: and he heaved it, drew it up, or raised it, [making it to be separated by some space or interval] from the bed. (Mgh.) and hence, (Mgh,) جافى عَضُدَيْهِ (Mgh, TA) عَنْ جَنْبيْهِ (TA) He put, or set, his upper arms apart, or remote, from his sides. (Mgh, TA.) [Thus the Muslim is enjoined to do in prostrating himself in prayer.] And جافى السَّرْجَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (S, * Msb,) and ↓ اجفاهُ, (S, K,) and ↓ جَفَاهُ, (K, [said in the TA to be a mistake, but a similar usage of this verb has been mentioned above on the authority of the Mgh,]) He raised the saddle from the back of the horse: (S, Msb, K:) and in like manner, القَتَبَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ البَعِيرِ ↓ أَجْفَيْتُ [I raised the saddle from the back of the. camel]. (M, TA.) 4 اجفاهُ He made, or caused, him, or it, to be, or become, distant, remote, far off, or aloof. (TA.) b2: See also 3, in two places. b3: اجفى المَاشِيَةَ He fatigued the cattle, [in some copies of the S, تَبِعَهَا is put for أَتْعَبَهَا,] and did not let them eat, (Az, S, K, TA,) nor fed them previously, driving them vehemently. (TA.) A2: أَجْفَتِ القِدْرُ: see 1. b2: أجْفَتِ الأَرْضُ The land became like the جُفَآء, or rubbish and scum cast forth by the torrent of a valley, or by a cooking-pot, in respect of the departure of the good thereof. (Er-Rághib, TA.) 6 تجافى: see 1, in three places. [Said of a person prostrating himself, or lying down, it means He drew up his body from that on which he rested. And تجافى عَنْهُ generally signifies He, or it, receded, withdrew, removed, or became remote or aloof or separated by some space or interval, from him, or it: and he drew away, shrank, or flinched, from him, or it.] It is said, of the difference between الذَّبْح and القَتْل, that the former is by cutting the external jugular veins; and the latter, بِإِيقَاعِ الفِعِلِ فِى المَحَلِّ مَعَ التَّجَافِى [By causing the act to take effect upon the place thereof while standing aloof]; meaning that the قَاتِل strikes from a distance, not knowing whether he will hit the place or not. (Mgh.) And [hence] you say, تجافى لَهُ عَنْ حَقِّهِ (assumed tropical:) [He relinquished, i. e.] he gave, to him, his right, or due. (TA in art. خمص.) b2: He inclined, or declined, or turned, from side to side: and from right to wrong. (Har p. 125.) [See 6 in art. دفو.]8 اجتفاهُ He removed him, or it, from his, or its, place. (K.) 10 استجفاهُ He esteemed it (namely, a bed, &c., K) جَافٍ (S, K) i. e. thick, coarse, or rough. (TA.) b2: He demanded, or required, of him that he should do what was displeasing, grievous, vexatious, or evil. (TA.) A2: استجفى He became coarse, rough, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly. (KL. [See also 1.]) جَفًا: see جَفَآءٌ.

جَفْوَةٌ A single act of coarse, rough, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly, treatment, or behaviour. (TA.) b2: See also جَفَآءٌ, in three places.

جِفْوَةٌ: see جَفَآءٌ.

جَفَآءٌ is in make; [signifying Thickness, grossness, coarseness, roughness, or rudeness:] and in nature, or disposition; (TA;) signifying coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, (Mgh, Msb,) in one's intercourse and dealings with others; (Mgh;) unkindness, hardness, churlishness, incivility, or surliness; a predominant quality of the people of the desert; (Mgh, Msb;) from جَفَا said of a garment, or piece of cloth; (Msb;) contr. of بِرٌّ (S,) or of صِلَةٌ; (K;) as also ↓ جَفًا, (K,) accord. to Lth; but Az says that he knew not any one who allowed this latter: (TA:) so, too, ↓ جِفْوَةٌ and ↓ جَفْوَةٌ, in the sayings فِيهِ جِفْوَةٌ and جَفْوَةٌ [In him is coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, &c.] : (K:) and فُلَانٌ ظَاهِرُ الجِفْوَةِ Such a one is a person in whom coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, &c., is apparent: (S:) but accord. to Lth, جفوة [whether جَفْوَةٌ or جَفْوَةٌ is not shown] denotes a more constant quality than جَفَآءٌ (TA.) Yousay also, ↓ بِهِ جَفْوَةٌ, meaning He is suffering coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, &c. (K.) and الزَّمَنِ ↓ أَصَابَتْهُ جَفْوَةُ (tropical:) [The roughness, or rudeness, &c., of time, or fortune, smote him]; and جَفَوَاتُهُ [its roughnesses, or rudenesses, &c.]. (TA.) جُفَآءٌ The rubbish and scum cast forth by the torrent of a valley, and by a cooking-pot. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [See also art. جفأ.] b2: And hence, as being likened to the جُفَآء of the torrent, (tropical:) The first, or foremost, of men, or people. (TA.) [But see art. جفأ.]

جَافٍ [act. part. n. of 1:] applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (Mgh, Msb,) and to a bed, &c., (S, * K, TA,) Thick, coarse, or rough. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) b2: And [hence] applied to a man, (S, TA,) meaning Thick, gross, coarse, rough, or rude, of make; and coarse, rough, or rude, of nature or disposition; coarse, rough, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly, in his treatment of, or behaviour towards, his companions: pl. جُفَاةٌ. (TA.) You say also, رَجُلٌ جَافِى الخِلْقَةِ [A man thick, gross, coarse, rough, or rude, of make]: and جَافِىالخُلُقِ niggardly and incompliant; coarse, rough, or rude, (K, TA,) in his intercourse and dealings with others; oppressive when angry and irritated against his companion with whom he sits. (TA.) And جَافٍ

عَنِ المَوْعِظَةِ [Obdurate against admonition]. (TA in art. جعظر.) مَجْفُوٌّ: see 1.

مَجْفِىٌّ: see 1.

جفو: جفاه: أبعده، وهجره، وتركه (تعليقات فليشر على المقري 2: 77 في الزيادات والتصحيحات، وفي التعليقات على المقري ص273 - 274). وتقول العرب فيما قرره فليشر: جفت جفوني النوم، في حين تقول (نحن الفرنسيين): جفا النوم جفوني. ولذلك يمكن أن تقرأ ما جاء في المقري (2: 195): جفا جفني المنامَ (بنصب المنام كما يرى فليشر). غير أن رفع المنام كما نشرته صحيح أيضاً، لانا نجد في المقدمة (3: 398) بيتا من الشعر فيه: جفا جفوني النومُ، والضمة فوق الميم في مخطوطتنا رقم 1350، ولا شك أن الشاعر قالها بالضم وإلا لقال: جفت جفوني.
ويقال: جفا الرقاد بمعنى جفا جنبه عن الفراش (عند فريتاج ولين) (ألف ليلة 2: 101).
وجفاه: لامه وعذله، أنبه وبكنه (فوك) جَفَّى بالتشديد (أنظر لين) تعني كما يقول جوليوس: قابله بجفاء. وعامله بجفاء (بوشر). وهذا المعنى قديم نجده في بيت للأعشى نقله ابن خلكان (1: 186).
وفي مخطوطة ليدن: نُجَفَّى (أنظر أيضاً معجم مسلم).
جافاه: أبعده، وأساء إليه، وجافته خليلته أبعدته وقست عليه (بوشر).
تجافي: لم يلزم مكانه، ومال من جانب إلى جانب. (البكري 159). وتجافى عنه: تولى عنه، وكف عنه، وعفَّ (المقري، 1: 55، 2: 75، 634، 2: 164، 273، 434) وفي كتاب الخطيب (24و): لم يكن من أهل نباهة ووقع لابن عبد الملك في ذلك مقل كان حقه التجافي عنه لو وفق (المقدمة 1: 160، 229)، (تاريخ البربر 2: 64، 148، 316، 318، 323، 334، أماري 387).
وقد تكون بمعنى لم يرغب فيه وامتنع عنه، ففي العبدري (58 ق): وأجرت بيتا في مكة وكان لا يزال يسكنه قوم من تونس (فتجافيت عن التضييق عليهم في السكنى معهم وانتظرت خروجهم. وفي تاريخ البربر (1: 12): وتجافى عن قبول شيء من السلطان.
وتجافى عن فلان: عفا عنه وامتنع عن الإساءة إليه. ففي حيان- بسام (3: 50 و): فتجافى الكفرة عنهم وخرجوا يريدون مدينة منشون. (في نسخة ب، 1: فتجفى غير أن المزيد تفعَّل من جفا غير مستعمل).
وتجافى عن دمه: امتنع عن قتله، وعفا عنه (تاريخ البربر 1: 597، 2: 22).
وتجافى عنه: ابتعد عنه وتركه (تاريخ البربر 1: 649، 2: 181).
وتجافى عن ملك الحضرة: ترك امتلاك العاصمة وامتنع عن ذلك (تاريخ البربر 1: 657).
وتجافى عن الإمارة: ترك الملك وتنازل عنه (تاريخ البربر 1: 620).
وتجافى لفلان عن الشيء: تركه له (بيان 2: 283، تاريخ البربر 1: 552، 581، 583، 595، 2: 98، 124 ومواضع أخرى، أبن بطوطة 3: 340).
وتجافى عن الشيء: نفر منه وكرهه، ففي تاريخ البربر (1: 367): وضمن هو تخريب المساجد لتجافيهم عنها (تاريخ البربر 1: 488، 2: 179، 192).
وتجافى بهم المنبت عن الحضارة والأمصار بعض الشيء، ابتعد أصلهم عن البقاء في المدن والسكنى في بيوت ثابتة (دي سلان) (المقدمة 1: 298).
وتجافى عن فلان: عفا عنه (دي ساسي قواعد 1: 78، شرح الحريري 413، تاريخ البربر 1: 42).
وتجافى لفلان عنه: تركه له (بدرون 296 حيث يجب قراءة النص كما ذكرناه) وانظر التعليقات في صفحة 127 - 128 منه.
وتجافى به: أبعده، وأقصاه (شرح ديوان مسلم).
استجفاه: وجد حافيا، ففي المقري (2: 560) في كلامه عن شاعر استجفاه أي وجد شعره ثقيلا غليظا غير (حلو المنزع) جَفْوَة: تباعد، تنافر. ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 185): كانت جفوة بين السلطان وخالد.
جفاء: قسوة، وشدة، صرامة. ففي الكلام عن الخليلة يقال: أعطته عين الجفاء: أي قست عليه وعاملته بشدة، ونظرت إليه بصرامة (بوشر).
جاف: فظ، غليظ، قاسي القلب، يقال: جافية على العاشق أي قاسية القلب على حبيبها (بوشر).
وجاف: ثقيل، توصف به وسائل النقل، وقطع الحجارة، والأسلحة (معجم الادريسي).
وجاف: بليد، أحمق، غليظ الذهن (فوك) وثقيل الروح، ثقيل الظل، مملّ، مضجر (فوك).
الأم الجافية: الغشاء الخارجي المغلف للدماغ والحبل الشوكي (بوشر).
مَجْفُوّ: كريه النظر، مشوه الخلقة.
ففي المقري (1: 306): رث الهيأة، مجفو الطلعة.