شقو

1 شَقِىَ, (S, Msb, K,) originally شَقِوَ, (S, TA,) aor. ـَ (S, Msb,) dual thereof يَشْقَيَانِ, (S,) inf. n. شَقَاوَةٌ and شِقَاوَةٌ, (S, * K,) the latter accord. to a reading of the Kur xxiii. 108, (S,) and شَقَآءٌ and شِقْوَةٌ and شَقْوَةٌ (S, * K) and شَقًا, (K.) or the last of these is the inf. n., and شَقَاوَةٌ and شِقْوَةٌ [and the rest, none of which is expressly specified as an inf. n. in the S,] are simple substs., (Msb,) He was, or became, unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserable; (S, Msb, TA;) شَقِىَ being contr. of سَعِدَ; (Msb;) and شَقَاوَةٌ &c. contr. of سَعَادَةٌ: (S, TA:) or he was, or became, in a state of straitness, distress, adversity, or difficulty. (Az, K, TA.) [See also شَقَاوَةٌ below.] b2: Also (assumed tropical:) He suffered, or experienced, fatigue, (TA, and Ksh and Bd and Jel in xx. 1,) فِى كَذَا [in such a thing]. (TA.) A2: شَقَاهُ: see 3: b2: and 4.3 شاقاهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. مُشَاقَاةٌ (S, TA) and شِقَآءٌ, (TA,) He laboured, strove, or struggled, with him, to prevail, or overcome, (S, K, TA,) in war, or battle, and the like; (K, TA;) so in the T; (TA;) he struggled, or contended, with, or against, the difficulty, or trouble, or inconvenience, that he experienced from him; (S, * TA;) syn. عَالَجَهُ; (K, TA;) or مَارَسَهُ; and عَانَاهُ. (S, * TA.) b2: And ↓ شاقاهُ فَشَقَاهُ, aor. of the latter verb شَقُوَ, He endeavoured to surpass him in mutual labouring, or striving, or struggling, to prevail, or overcome, &c., (غَالَبَهُ فِى الشِّقَآءِ, [in the CK, فى الشَّقاءِ, but the former seems to be the right reading, and may be best rendered in the mutual striving against difficulty,]) and he surpassed him [therein]. (K. [In the S, شَاقَانِى فُلَانٌ فَشَقَوْتُهُ, aor. ـْ and only the latter verb as thus used is there explained.]) b3: مُشَاقَاةٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The treating [one] with hardness, harshness, or illnature. (TA.) b4: And (tropical:) The vying, one with another, in patience, or endurance: a rájiz says, إِذَا يُشَاقِى الصَّابِرَانِ لَمْ يَرِثْ يَكَادُ مِنْ ضَعْفِ القُوَى لَا يَنْبَعِثْ [When the two patient ones vie in endurance, he does not lag behind, almost, by reason of the weakness of powers, failing to hasten in pace]: he means a camel vying with the attendant thereof in endurance of going. (TA.) 4 اشقاهُ اللّٰهُ God caused him to be unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserable; contr. of أَسْعَدَهُ: (S, * Msb, TA:) or God caused him to be in a state of straitness, distress, adversity, or difficulty: and so ↓ شَقَاهُ. (K.) A2: and اشقى He combed. (Az, K. [See مِشْقًى.]) شِقْوَةٌ an inf. n. of شَقِىَ, as also شَقْوَةٌ: (S, * K:) or a simple subst. (Msb.) شَقِىٌّ Unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserable: (S, Msb, TA:) [or in a state of straitness, distress, adversity, or difficulty: (see its verb:)] pl. أَشْقِيَآءُ. (TA.) وَلَمٌ أَكُنْ بِدُعَائِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّا, in the Kur [xix. 4, And I have not been, in supplicating Thee, my Lord, unprosperous], means I have been one whose prayer has been answered. (TA.) شَقَاوَةٌ an inf. n. of شَقِىَ; (S, * K;) or a simple subst.; (Msb;) signifying Unprosperousness, &c.; [see its verb;] contr. of سَعَادَةٌ: (S, Er-Rághib, TA:) it is of two kinds; أُخْرَاوِيَّةٌ [relating to the world to come] and دُنْيَاوِيَّةٌ [relating to the present world]: and the latter is of three kinds; نَفْسِيَّةٌ [relating to the soul] and بَدَنِيَّةٌ [relating to the body] and خَارِجِيَّةٌ [relating to external circumstances]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Fatigue; syn. تَعَبٌ; but the latter has a more general signification; every شقاوة being تعب, but every تعب is not شقاوة. (TA.) أَشْقَى [More, and most, unprosperous, &c. b2: And] (tropical:) More [and most] fatigued. (TA.) مِشْقًى A comb: a dial. var. of مِشْقَأٌ. (Az, K.)

(ح ي ي) : (حَيِيَ) حَيَاةً فَهُوَ حَيٌّ (وَبِهِ سُمِّيَ) جَدُّ جَدِّ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحِ بْنِ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ حَيٍّ (وَبِتَصْغِيرِهِ) سُمِّيَ حُيَيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَعَافِرِيُّ (وَبِتَأْنِيثِهِ) عَلَى قَلْبِ الْيَاءِ وَاوًا حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ (وَاسْتَحْيَاهُ) تَرَكَهُ حَيًّا وَمِنْهُ) «وَاسْتَحْيَوْا شَرْخَهُمْ» وَحَيَاةُ الشَّمْسِ بَقَاءُ ضَوْئِهَا وَبَيَاضِهَا وَقِيلَ بَقَاءُ حَرِّهَا وَقُوَّتِهَا وَالْأَوَّلُ أَظْهَرُ يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ الْعُرْفُ وَقَوْلُ ذِي الرُّمَّةِ يَصِفُ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ
فَلَمَّا اسْتَبَانَ اللَّيْلُ وَالشَّمْسُ حَيَّةٌ ... حَيَاةَ الَّتِي تَقْضِي حُشَاشَةَ نَازِعِ
أَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ شَبَّهَ حَالَةَ الشَّمْسِ بَعْدَمَا دَنَتْ لِلْمَغِيبِ بِحَالِ نَفْسٍ شَارَفَتْ أَنْ تَمُوتَ فَهِيَ كَأَنَّهَا تَقْضِي دَيْنَ الْحَيَاةِ وَتُؤَدِّي مَا عِنْدَهَا مِنْ وَدِيعَةِ الرَّمَقِ بَعْدَ أَنْ ذَكَرَ مُشَافَهَةَ طَلَائِعِ اللَّيْلِ وَمُشَاهَدَةَ أَوَائِلِهِ فَأَيْنَ هَذِهِ الْحَالَةُ مِنْ بَقَاءِ قُوَّتِهَا وَحَرَارَتِهَا (وَحَيِيَ) مِنْهُ حَيَاءً بِمَعْنَى اسْتَحَيَا فَهُوَ حَيِيٌّ (وَقَوْلُ) ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا - حَيٌّ أَيْ يُعَامَلُ مُعَامَلَةَ مَنْ لَهُ حَيَاءٌ لِأَنَّ حَقِيقَةَ الْحَيَاءِ انْكِسَارٌ وَآفَةٌ تُصِيبُ الْحَيَاةَ وَذَلِكَ لَا يَصِحُّ فِيهِ تَعَالَى (وَحَيَّاهُ) بِمَعْنَى أَحْيَاهُ تَحِيَّةً كبقاه بِمَعْنَى أَبْقَاهُ تَبْقِيَةً هَذَا أَصْلُهَا ثُمَّ سُمِّيَ مَا يُحَيَّا بِهِ مِنْ سَلَامٍ وَنَحْوِهِ تَحِيَّةً (قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى) {تَحِيَّتُهُمْ يَوْمَ يَلْقَوْنَهُ سَلامٌ} [الأحزاب: 44] فَإِذَا جُمِعَتْ فَقِيلَ وَتَحَايَا وَتَحَايَلُوا وَحَقِيقَتُهُ حَيَّيْتُ فُلَانًا قَلْتُ لَهُ حَيَّاك اللَّهُ أَيْ عَمَّرَك اللَّهُ وَأَحْيَاك وَأَطَالَ حَيَاتَك كَقَوْلِهِمْ صَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيُّ إذَا دَعَا لَهُ وَمَعْنَاهُ قَالَ لَهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْك وَمَنْ فَسَّرَ التَّحِيَّةَ فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى {وَإِذَا حُيِّيتُمْ بِتَحِيَّةٍ} [النساء: 86] بِالْعَطِيَّةِ فَقَدْ سَهَا وَكَذَلِكَ مَنْ ادَّعَى أَنَّ حَقِيقَتَهَا الْمُلْكُ وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ مَجَازٌ وَذَاكَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يُحَيُّونَ الْمُلُوكَ بِقَوْلِهِمْ أَبَيْتَ اللَّعْنَ وَلَا يُخَاطِبُونَ بِهِ غَيْرَهُمْ حَتَّى إنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ إذَا تَوَلَّى الْإِمَارَةَ وَالْمُلْكَ قِيلَ لَهُ فُلَانٌ نَالَ التَّحِيَّة (وَمِنْهُ) بَيْتُ الْإِصْلَاحِ
وَلِكُلِّ مَا نَالَ الْفَتَى ... قَدْ نِلْتُهُ إلَّا التَّحِيَّةَ
أَيْ إلَّا الْمِلْكَ وَأَمَّا التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ فَمَعْنَاهَا أَنَّ كَلِمَاتِ التَّحَايَا وَالْأَدْعِيَةِ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى وَفِي مَلَكَتِهِ لَا أَنَّ هَذِهِ تَحِيَّةٌ لَهُ وَتَسْلِيمٌ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مَنْهِيٌّ عَنْهُ عَلَى مَا قَرَأْتُ «أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - قَالَ كُنَّا إذَا صَلَّيْنَا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قُلْنَا السَّلَامُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ السَّلَامُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ فَقَالَ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - لَا تَقُولُوا السَّلَامُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَالصَّلَوَاتُ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ» إلَى آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ وَحَيَّ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ الْأَفْعَالِ (وَمِنْهُ) حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ أَيْ هَلُمَّ وَعَجِّلْ إلَى الْفَوْزِ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

سرو

1 سَرُوَ, (S, M, Mgh, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) and سَرَا, (S, M, K,) aor. as above; (S, K;) and سَرِىَ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) inf. n. سَرَاوَةٌ, (S, M, K,) of the first verb, (S, M,) and سَرْوٌ, (Sb, Lh, S, M, Mgh, K,) of the same verb, (M, Mgh,) and of the second, (S, M,) and of the third, (S,) and سَرًا and سَرَآءٌ, (M, K,) both of the third, but سَرَآءٌ, and this only, is mentioned by Lh as inf. n. of the second verb; (M;) He was, or became, possessed of liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory. (M, K.) A2: سَرْوُ المَسَاقِى means The cleaning out of what are termed مَسَاقٍ [pl. of مَسْقَاةٌ or مِسْقَاةٌ, which see in art. سقى]. (TA.) A3: سَرْوٌ also signifies, like تَسْرِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ↓ سرّى], and إِسْرَآءٌ [inf. n. of ↓ اسرى], The throwing off a thing from oneself [or from another]; (K, TA;) and the pulling off a thing. (TA.) You say, سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى, (ISk, S,) or عَنْهُ, aor. ـْ (Mgh,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, I threw off the garment from me, (ISk, S,) or I removed the garment from over him; (Mgh;) and سَرَيْتُ is a dial. var. thereof; (S;) or سَرَا ثَوْبَهُ عَنْهُ, inf. n. سَرْوٌ; and ↓ سرّاهُ; he pulled off his garment from him: (M:) and سَرَوْتُ الجُلَّ عَنِ الفَرَسِ, (TA,) or عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (M,) and ↓ سَرَّيْتُهُ, and ↓ أَسْرَيْتُهُ, I threw off [the horse-cloth from the horse, or from the back of the horse]. (TA.) And سَرَوْتُ عَنِّى دِرْعِى [I threw off from me my coat of mail]: in this case the verb is only with و. (S.) [Hence,] عَنْهُ ↓ سُرِّىَ, (M,) or سُرِّىَ عَنْهُ الهَمُّ, (S, K, *) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) Anxiety became removed from him; as also عَنْهُ ↓ انسرى الهَمُّ: (S, K, * TA:) or his anxiety became removed, or cleared away. (M, in explanation of the first of these phrases.) And عَنْهُ الخَوْفُ ↓ سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) Fear was made to quit him: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.) And hence the phrase in a trad., عَنْهُ بُرَحَآءُ الوَحْىِ ↓ فَلَمَّا سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) [and when the vehement distress of mind arising from the oppression caused by inspiration was made to quit him]; referring to the Prophet. (Mgh.) A4: سَرَتْ, (K,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, (TA,) said of the female locust, She laid eggs: (K:) a dial. var. of سَرَأَتْ. (TA.) 2 اليَوْمَ تَسَرَّوْنَ, said by the Prophet on the occasion of the expedition of Ohod, means Today ye shall have your سَرِىّ [or that person, among you, who is distinguished by liberality and manliness, &c.,] slain: and [accordingly] Hamzeh was then slain. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in six places.3 ساراهُ, inf. n. مُسَارَاةٌ, i. q. فَاخَرَهُ [i. e. He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in glory, or rather in liberality and manliness, &c.: see 1, first sentence]. (TA.) 4 اسرى He became in, or upon, land, or ground, such as is termed سَرَاة: belonging to the present art., accord. to Er-Rághib: (TA:) or he betook himself to the سَرَاة [app. meaning the mountainous tract so called]: (K and TA in art. سرى:) it is like أَنْجَدَ and أَتْهَمَ. (TA in that art.) A2: See also 1, in two places.5 تسرّى signifies تَكَلَّفَ السَّرْوَ, (S, K, * TA,) i. e. [He affected, or constrained himself, to possess liberality and manliness, &c., (see 1, first sentence,) or] high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory, and manliness, or manly virtue: (TA:) or it signifies أَخَذَ سُرِّيَّةً [he took a concubine-slave]: (K:) or A2: one says also, تسرّى الجَارِيَةَ [He took the girl, or young woman, as a concubine-slave], from السُّرِّيَّةُ; said by Yaakoob to be originally تَسَرَّرَ, [which see in art. سر,] from السُّرُورُ. (S.) b2: and تسرّاهُ signifies ↓ أَخَذَ أَسْرَاهُ [i. e. He took the best thereof]. (M, TA. [See also 8.]) 7 إِنْسَرَوَ see 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.8 استرى He chose, or selected, as being the best, (S, M, K,) a thing, (M,) or men, (S, K,) and camels, and sheep or goats. (S.) and اِسْتَرَيْتُهُ I took the best of it. (T, TA. [See also 5, last sentence.]) And اِسْتَارَ signifies the same as استرى, being formed from the latter by transposition. (TA.) One says, استرى المَوْتُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (S,) or الحَىَّ, (K,) i. e. Death chose [or took] the best of the sons of such a one, or of the tribe. (S, * K, * TA.) سَرْوٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, M, K, &c.) [Used as a simple subst., Liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue; &c.] b2: Hence, أَبُو السَّرْوِ (assumed tropical:) Aloes-wood, or the like, that is used for fumigation; syn. البَخُورُ. (Har p. 228.) A2: Also A part that rises from [the bottom of] a valley, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M, K:) or that rises from the channel in which the water flows, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M:) it is like a خَيْف. (S.) السَّرْوُ, (S, K,) or سَرْوُ حِمْيَرَ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean مَحَلَّةُ حِمْيَرَ [The settlement of Himyer]. (S, M, K.) A3: and A certain kind of tree, (S, M, K,) well-known; (K;) [the common, or evergreen, cypress; cupressus sempervirens of Linn.: applied thereto in the present day: (Delile's Floræ Aegypt. Illustr., no. 900:)] n. un. with ة. (S, M, K.) A4: and Certain worms that light upon plants, (M, K, TA,) and eat them: (M:) الثِّيَاب, in [some of] the copies of the K, is a mistranscription for النَّبَات: (TA:) sing. [or rather n. un.] with ة. (M.) سَرَاةٌ The back (S, M, K) of anything: (S:) pl. سَرَوَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) it has no broken pl. (M.) And The higher, or highest, part of anything: (M in the present art., and K in art. سرى:) so [for instance] of a mountain. (TA in art. سرى.) [Hence,] سَرَاةُ اليَمَنِ, (M,) or السَّرَاةُ [by way of preeminence, for سَرَاة is prefixed to the names of a number of places and of tribes, as is said in the TA in art. سرى], A certain mountain [or mountainous tract] commencing near 'Arafát and extending to Nejrán of El-Yemen: (Msb:) pl. as above. (M.) b2: The highest [or most advanced state] of the day: (TA:) [or] the state of advancement, when the sun has become somewhat high, (syn. اِرْتِفَاع,) of the day, (M, K, TA,) and so of other things; by some said to mean the middle thereof; (M;) so in the S, in relation to the day; but this is [said to be] a mistake: (TA:) in a verse of El-Bureyk El-Hudhalee, of the night: pl. as above: and the sing. also occurs used as a pl. (M.) b3: The middle of anything: pl. as above. (S.) The middle anسرىd main part of a road; (Mgh, Msb;) the hard and elevated part thereof. (K.) It is said in a trad., لَيْسَ لِلْنِّسَآءِ سَرَوَاتُ الطَّرِيقِ (S, Mgh) The back and middle of the road, (S,) or the middle and main parts thereof, (Mgh,) are not for the women; meaning that they should walk upon the side parts. (S.) b4: Accord. to Er-Rághib, A wide tract of land. (TA in art. سرى.) A2: It is also a pl., of a rare form, (S, Msb,) or a quasi-pl. n., (M, K,) of سَرِىٌّ [which see in several places]. (S, M, Msb, K.) سَرْوَةٌ n. un. of سَرْوٌ [q. v.] in two senses.

A2: See also سِرْوَةٌ.

سُرْوَةٌ: see what next follows.

سِرْوَةٌ (Th, AHn, T, S, M, K) and ↓ سُرْوَةٌ (Th, M, IAth, K) and ↓ سَرْوَةٌ (Kr, M, K) A small arrow: (S:) or a small and short arrow: or an arrow broad and long in the head; (M, K, TA;) but therewithal slender and short; with which one shoots at the butt: (TA:) or such as is round and smooth, not broad; the broad and long being termed مِعْبَلَةٌ: (M:) or the very slenderest of arrow-heads, that penetrates into the coats of mail: (Th, M:) or it [is an arrow that] penetrates into the coats of mail, for which reason it is called الدِّرْعِيَّةُ, its head entering like the needle: (T, TA:) or an arrow-head resembling an ordinary needle or a large needle: it is mentioned also in art. سرى, [as being a small, short, round and smooth arrow-head, having no breadth, and as being called سِرْوَةٌ and سِرْيَةً,] because the word belongs to that art. and to this: (M:) [see also مِرْمَاةٌ; and see سِرْوَةٌ in art. سرأ:] the pl. is سُرًى [or سِرًى?] accord. to the T, or سِرَآءٌ accord. to the S. (TA.) A2: The first (سِرْوَةٌ) also signifies The locust in its first state, when it is a larva; (S;) or in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg: (M:) originally with hemz: (S:) [see سَرْءٌ, in two places:] and سِرْيَةٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (S.) [See also جَرَادٌ.]

سَرِىٌّ, as an epithet applied to a man, (S, M, K, &c.,) may be from اِسْتَرَيْتُ الشَّىْءَ “ I chose, or selected, the thing,” or from السَّرَاةُ “ the higher, or highest, part ” of a thing, (Ham p. 337,) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, from سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى “ I pulled off the garment from me,” (TA, [in which this derivation is said to be good, but I think it far-fetched,]) Possessing liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or possessing manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and, (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory: (M, K:) or i. q. رَئِيسٌ [meaning a chief, or person high in rank or condition]: (Msb:) [or a generous and manly or noble person:] fem. with ة: (M, K:) and ↓ مَسْرَوَانٌ signifies the same, applied to a man; and ↓ مَسْرَوَانَةٌ applied to a woman: (M:) the pl. of سَرِىٌّ is أَسْرِيَآءُ and سُرَوَآءُ (Lh, M, K) and سُرًى, (Az, K,) which is anomalous, (TA,) and سَرَاةٌ, (T, S, Mgh, * Msb,) [originally سَرَوَةٌ,] which is [also] anomalous, (T, TA,) the only instance of فَعَلَةٌ as the measure of a pl. of a word of the measure فَعِيلٌ, (S, Msb,) or it is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, M, K,) and its pl. is سَرَوَاتٌ; (S, M, Mgh, * K;) meaning سَادَاتٌ [or chiefs, &c.]; (Mgh); and سُرَاةٌ, with damm, [originally سُرَوَةٌ,] is a dial. var. of سَرَاةٌ, as pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] of سَرِىٌّ: (IAth, TA:) the pl. of سَرِيَّةٌ is سَرِيَّاتٌ and سَرَايَا. (M, K.) Also Chosen, or choice, or select: (M:) what is good of anything; pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] سَرَاةٌ: (Ham p. 337:) the best, (Msb, TA, and Har p. 56,) and in like manner سَرَاةٌ [as a pl.]; (M, Msb, TA, and Ham p. 57, and Har ubi suprà;) the former, of men, (Har ubi suprà,) and of camels; (S;) and the latter, of men, (S, TA, and Ham ubi suprà, and Har,) and of cattle or camels and the like, (S, M, TA,) as also the former. (TA.) A2: See also art. سرى.

سُرِّيَّةٌ, said by some to be originally of the measure فُعُّولَةٌ, from سَرْوٌ: see art. سر.

أَسْرَى is of the measure أَفْعَلُ [denoting the comparative and superlative degrees] from السَّرْوُ signifying “ liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: ” [&c.:] whence the phrase أَسْرَاهُمْ سُودَدًا, meaning The best of them in respect of chiefdom or the like: or it may be from السُّرَى; meaning in this instance that the fame of the chiefdom, or the like, of him to whom it relates has pervaded the countries and spread among mankind; and this is more worthy of regard in respect of the method of grammatical analysis; from Mtr: (Har p. 363: [see art. سرى:]) [ISd, however, assigns the word to the present art.:] see 5, last sentence.

أَرْضٌ مَسْرُوَّةٌ A land containing the سِرْوَة, or locust in its first state, when it is a larva. (S.) [In a copy of the M, it is said to be from السَّرْوَةُ; and the context there indicates the meaning to be A land infested by a worm of the kind termed سَرْوٌ, of which سَرْوَةٌ is the n. un.: but probably السَّرْوَةُ, in this instance, is a mistranscription for السِّرْوَةُ, which is mentioned immediately after as meaning “ the locust in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg. ”]

مَسْرَوَانٌ; and its fem., with ة: see سَرِىٌّ.

خبل

1 خَبِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. خَبَالٌ (JK, K, TA) and خَبَلٌ, (TA,) He was, or became, corrupted, unsound, vitiated, or disordered, [in an absolute sense; and particularly] in his reason, or intellect: (TA:) [or he was, or became, in a corrupt, an unsound, a vitiated, or a disordered, state, occasioning him agitation like that of possession or insanity, by disease affecting the reason and thought: (see خَبَالٌ, below:) and hence,] he was, or became, possessed, or insane. (JK, K, TA.) b2: And خَبِلَ, [inf. n. خَبَلٌ, (q. v. voce خَبَالٌ,)] He was, or became, affected with [the palsy termed] فَالِج. (JK.) b3: And خَبِلَتْ يَدُهُ His arm, or hand, became corrupted, unsound, vitiated, or disordered, so as to be rendered motionless; or dried up; or became lost; (K, TA;) or was cut off. (TA.) A2: خَبَلَهُ, (JK, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. خَبْلٌ; (TA;) and ↓ خبّلهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَخْبِيلٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اختبلهُ; (S, K;) It (grief, JK, K, and love, JK, T, TA, and time, or fortune, and the ruling power, and disease, T, TA) rendered him possessed, or insane: (JK, K, TA:) and it corrupted, rendered unsound, vitiated, or disordered, his reason, or intellect; or his limb, or member: (S, K:) or it (grief) deprived him of his heart: and he corrupted, rendered unsound, vitiated, or disordered, one of his limbs or members: or deprived him of his reason, or intellect. (Msb.) And خَبَلَ قَلْبَهُ, aor. ـِ and خَبُلَ, It (love) corrupted, or rendered unsound, his heart. (JM.) And خَبَلَ فُلَانٌ يَدَ فُلَانٍ Such a one corrupted, rendered unsound, vitiated, or disordered, the arm, or hand, of such a one, so that it became motionless; or caused it to dry up; or deprived him of it. (JK.) b2: Also خَبَلَهُ, (TA,) [aor. ـِ inf. n. خَبْلٌ, (K, TA,) He restrained, withheld, or debarred, him: (K, * TA:) and ↓ اختبل likewise signifies he restrained, withheld, or debarred. (TA.) You say, مَا خَبَلَكَ عَنَّا What withheld, or has withheld, thee from us? (TA.) And خَبَلَهُ عَنْ كَذَا, aor. and inf. n. as above, He prevented, or hindered, him from doing such a thing. (K, * TA.) A3: خَبَلَ عَنْ فِعْلِ أَبِيهِ He fell short of the doing of his father. (JK, K.) 2 خَبَّلَ see 1.4 إِخْبَالٌ signifies The act of lending; (JK;) as also ↓ اِخْتِبَالٌ. (TA.) You say, أَخْبَلْتُهُ المَالَ, (S,) i. e. النَّاقَةَ, or الفَرَسَ, (S, K, *) I lent him the she-camel (S, K *) in order that he might ride her (TA) or in order that he might make use of her milk and her fur, or the horse in order that he might go on a hostile, or hostile and plundering, expedition upon him. (S, K, TA.) And اخبلهُ إِبِلًا, and غَنَمًا, He lent him camels, and sheep or goats. (M, TA.) See also 10. b2: Also The dividing one's camels into two halves, that one half might breed in each year; like as one does in land and sowing. (Ibn-' Abbád, K. *) 8 إِخْتَبَلَ see 1, in two places: b2: and see 4.

A2: اختبلت الدَّابَّةُ The beast remained not in its accustomed place. (Lth, ISd, K.) 10 استخبل مَالَ فُلَانٍ He sought to corrupt, render unsound, vitiate, or disorder, some of the camels of such a one. (Er-Rághib.) b2: [and hence,] استخبلهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ He asked of him the loan of some of his camels, or the like, until the time of abundance of herbage. (JK, O, * TA. *) And استخبلنى نَاقَةً, or فَرَسًا, He asked of me the loan of a she-camel (K, TA) in order that he might ride her (TA) or in order that he might make use of her milk and her fur, or a horse in order that he might go on a hostile, or hostile and plundering, expedition upon him. (K, TA.) And استخبلهُ إِبِلًا, and غَنَمًا, He asked of him the loan of camels, and sheep or goats. (M, TA.) Zuheyr says, ↓ هُنَا لَكَ إِنْ يُسْتَخْبَلُوا المَالَ يُخْبِلُوا [There, if they be asked to lend cattle, they lend]. (S, TA. [See also 10 in art. خول.]) خَبْلٌ: see خَبَالٌ, in four places. b3: Also Corruptness, unsoundness, or a vitiated or disordered state, of the limbs or members, (M, K,) of a man, so that one knows not how to walk; (Az, TA;) and so ↓ خَبَلٌ; (K;) which likewise signifies the same in the legs of a beast. (JK, K. *) b4: b5: And The [palsy termed] فَالِج; as also ↓ خَبَلٌ. (K.) b6: Also The cutting off of arms or hands, and legs or feet: (JK, Az, ISd, K:) pl. خُبُولٌ. (K.) So in the saying, قَوْمِى يُطَالِبُونَ بَنِى فُلَانٍ

بِدِمَآءٍ وَخَبْلٍ [My people, or party, prosecute the sons of such a one for blood (lit. bloods) and the cutting off of arms or hands, and legs or feet]. (JK.) And so خُبُولٌ in the saying, لَنَا فِى بَنِى

فُلَانٍ دِمَآءٌ وَخُبُولٌ [We have a claim, upon the sons of such a one, to blood (lit. bloods) and the cutting off of arms &c.]. (S.) b7: And Wounds: (JK:) and ↓ خَبَلٌ signifies a wound: and is so explained as used in the saying, بَنُو فُلَانٍ يُطَالِبُونَنَا بِخَبَلٍ [The sons of such a one prosecute us for a wound]. (TA.) b8: And i. q. فِتْنَةٌ and هَرْجٌ [i. e. Trial, punishment, slaughter, civil war, conflict and faction, discord, dissension, &c.]. (TA.) A2: Also A loan: and a demand of a loan: (K, TA:) relating to anything. (TA.) b2: And An addition which one gives, beyond what the جَمَّال [i. e. owner, or attendant, of a camel or camels (in the CK حَمّال i. e. porter)] imposes on one by stipulation. (M, K, TA.) A3: See also the next paragraph.

خُبْلٌ: see خَبَالٌ.

A2: وَقَعَ فِى خُبْلِى It came into my mind; (JK, K;) a phrase like the saying, سَقَطَ فِى يَدِى: (JK, K: * [in the K, meaning the same as this saying:]) and sometimes (JK) one says also ↓ فِى خَبْلِى. (JK [and so in the K accord. to the TA, but not in the CK, nor in my MS. copy of the K].) خَبَلٌ: see خَبَالٌ, in four places: b2: and see خَبْلٌ, in three places.

A2: Also The jinn, or genii; (IAar, Fr, S, K;) and so ↓ خَابِلٌ: (JK, K:) or the latter has this signification; and the former is a quasi-pl. n. of the latter, or, as some say, a pl., as is also خُبَّلٌ: (TA:) and ↓ خَابِلٌ signifies also a devil, or the devil. (K.) One says, بِهِ خَبَلٌ, meaning In him is somewhat of [the jinn, or genii, called] أَهْلُ الأَرْضِ. (S. [See الأَرْضُ, near the end of the paragraph: and see other explanations of خَبَلٌ voce خَبَالٌ, which may apply in this case.]) b2: Accord. to IAar and Fr, it is also applied to Mankind. (TA.) b3: Also A certain bird, that cries all the night, with one cry, resembling مَاتَتْ خَبَلْ. (M, K, * TA.) A3: Also A مَزَادَة [or leathern water-bag]. (Fr, K.) b2: And A full قِرْبَة [or water-skin]. (Fr, K.) خَبِلٌ and ↓ أَخْبَلُ (K, TA) Corrupted, unsound, vitiated, or disordered, [in an absolute sense; and particularly] in his reason, or intellect; as also ↓ مَخْبُولٌ: (TA:) [or in a corrupt, an unsound, a vitiated, or a disordered, state, occasioning him agitation like that of possession or insanity, by disease affecting the reason and thought: (see خَبَالٌ, below:) and hence,] possessed, or insane; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مُخَبَّلٌ and ↓ مُخْتَبِلٌ: (TA:) or ↓ مُخَبَّلٌ signifies a man having no heart; (JK;) as also ↓ مَخْبُولٌ: (JK, Msb:) or this last, haring one of his limbs, or members, corrupted, rendered unsound, vitiated, or disordered: (Msb:) and خَبِلٌ and ↓ مُخَبَّلٌ signify also a beast corrupted, rendered unsound, vitiated, or disordered, in the legs, so as not to know how to walk: (JK:) or ↓ مُخَبَّلٌ signifies a man who is as though his extremities were amputated. (S.) b2: دَهْرٌ خَبِلٌ (tropical:) A time difficult to the people thereof; (T, S, K, TA;) in which they see not happiness. (T, TA.) خُبْلَةٌ Corruption from a wound. (TA.) A2: See also خُبْرَةٌ, last signification.

خَبَالٌ Corruptness, unsoundness, or a vitiated or disordered state, [in an absolute sense;] (S, Msb, TA;) said in the O and the Mufradát [of Er-Rághib] to be the primary signification; (TA;) as also ↓ خَبَلٌ (Ham p. 542) and ↓ خَبْلٌ, of which last the pl. is خُبُولٌ: (S:) [and particularly in the reason, or intellect: (see خَبِلَ, of which it is an inf. n.:)] and in actions, as well as in bodies and in minds: (TA:) or, primarily, such as is incident to an animal, occasioning him agitation like that of possession or insanity, by disease affecting the reason and thought; as also ↓ خَبَلٌ and ↓ خَبْلٌ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or ↓ خَبَلٌ signifies possession, or insanity; (K;) and so ↓ خَبْلٌ (JK, Msb, K) and ↓ خُبْلٌ (K) and خَبَالٌ; (Msb;) or ↓ خَبَلٌ signifies an affection, in the heart, resembling possession or insanity; (Az, TA;) or egregious stupidity or foolishness, without possession or insanity; (TA;) and ↓ خَبْلٌ also signifies a state, or quality, resembling possession or insanity, such as stupidity, or foolishness; and heedlessness, or weakness of intellect, and the like. (Msb.) مَا زَادُوكُمْ إِلَّا خَبَالًا, in the Kur [ix. 47], means They had not added to you aught save corruption and evil. (Bd, TA.) And لَا يَأْلُونَكُمْ خَبَالًا, in the same [iii. 114], They will not fall short, or flag, or be remiss, in corrupting, or vitiating, your affairs. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) Loss, or a state of diminution; syn. نُقْصَانٌ: (O, K, Er-Rághib:) or this is the primary signification. (TA.) b3: And hence, (TA,) A state of perdition or destruction: (O, K, Er-Rághib:) or a thing's going, passing, or wasting, away; or being consumed or destroyed. (Zj, TA.) b4: Also The condition of a well when it is hollowed in the sides, and old, so that sometimes the bucket enters into its hollowed part and becomes lacerated. (Fr, K.) b5: And Fatigue, weariness, distress, embarrassment, affliction, trouble, or difficulty. (JK, S, O, K.) So in the saying, فُلَانٌ خَبَالٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ [Such a one is a cause of fatigue, &c., to his family]. (JK, * S, O.) b6: And A deadly poison. (IAar, K.) b7: And The fluid squeezed, or wrung, (IAar, TA,) or flowing, (S, K. TA,) from the inhabitants of Hell, or from their skins. (IAar, S, K, TA.) [See also رَدَغَةٌ.]

خَابِلٌ Corrupting, rendering unsound, vitiating, or disordering, [in an absolute sense;] (M, K;) and particularly in the reason, or intellect. (TA.) b2: See also خَبَلٌ, in two places. b3: It is also added to خَبْلٌ to give intensiveness to the signification. (TA.) أَخْبَلُ: see خَبِلٌ.

مُخَبَّلٌ: see خَبِلٌ, in four places.

مُخَبِّلٌ a [proper] name of Time. (S, K.) مَخْبُولٌ: see خَبِلٌ, in two places.

مُخْتَبِلٌ: see خَبِلٌ.

A2: مُخْتَبِلُ دَابَّةٍ The legs of a beast. (JK. [But this I do not find in any other lexicon; and I doubt its correctness.])