طبخ

1 طَبَخَ, (S, A, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (L, Msb, K) and طَبَخَ, (L, K,) inf. n. طَبْخٌ; (L, Msb, K;) and ↓ اِطَّبَخَ, (Sb, L;) He cooked (S, L, K;) flesh-meat, (S, A, L,) &c., (L,) either in a cookingpot [by boiling or stewing or the like] or by roasting or broiling or frying; (S, * L, K;) the former verb [accord. to some] said of one who cooks for himself or for others; and the latter, of one who cooks only for himself: (L: [but see an ex. in what follows, of this paragraph; and see also the latter verb below:]) or the former signifies he cooked flesh-meat with broth or gravy. (Az, Msb.) And you say also طَبَخَ القِدْرَ He cooked [the contents of] the cooking-pot. (S, L.) and طَبَخَ المَرَقَ [He cooked the broth]. (A.) b2: and طَبَخَ He (a dyer) decocted Brazil-wood (بَقَّم) &c. (A. [See طُبَاخَةٌ.]) b3: And He baked bread, and wheat, and bricks [and clay and pottery]. (L.) One says, هٰذِهِ خُبْزَةٌ جَيِّدَةُ الطَّبْخِ This is a cake of bread well baked [in the hot ashes]. (S, A, * L, Msb.) And هٰذِهِ آجُرَّةٌ خَيِّدَةُ الطَّبْخِ This is a brick well baked. (L, Msb.) And ↓ اِطَّبِخُوا لَنَا قُرْصًا [Bake ye for us (app. meaning for us including yourselves) a round cake of bread]. (S.) b4: Also (assumed tropical:) It (the heat) ripened the fruit. (TA.) And طَبَخَتْهُمُ الهَوَاجِرُ (tropical:) [The vehement midday-heats fevered them]. (A.) And طَبَخَهُ الجُدَرِىُّ (tropical:) [The small-pox affected him with a hot, or burning, fever]: and in like manner one says of the حَصْبَة [i. e. measles, or spotted fever: see طَابِخٌ]. (A.) b5: [And (assumed tropical:) He dressed silk: see the pass. part. n., below.]

A2: [طَبِخَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. طَبَخٌ, accord. to the L, seems to signify He was, or became, confirmed in stupidity: but only the inf. n. is there mentioned: and this is doubtful: see أَطْبَخُ.]2 طبّخ, inf. n. تَطْبِيخٌ, It (a حِسْل [or young lizard of the species called ضَبّ]) grew big; syn. كَبِرَ. (S. [See مُطَبِّخٌ.]) b2: And He (a boy) became active, and grew up, or became a young man; (L, K;) grew big; syn. كَبِرَ; (K;) and became intelligent. (L.) 5 تطبّخ He (a man) ate طِبِّيخ [or melons, or water-melons; as also تبطّخ]. (A.) 7 انطبح, (S, A, L, Msb, K,) and ↓ اِطَّبَخَ, (K, [but this latter seems to be a mistake, occasioned by a misunderstanding of the word اِشْتَوَى, one of the words by which it is expl. in several of the lexicons,] It (flesh-meat, S, A, L, and the same is said of other things, L) was, or became, cooked, either in a cooking-pot [by boiling or stewing or the like] or by roasting or broiling or frying: (S, L, K:) or it (flesh-meat) was, or became, cooked with broth, or gravy. (Az, Msb.) And you say also, انطبخت القِدْرُ [The contents of] the cooking-pot became cooked. (S, L.) and انطبخ المَرَقُ [The broth became cooked]. (A.) b2: [Said of bread, and wheat, and bricks and clay and pottery, It was, or they were, or became, baked. (See 1.)]8 اِطَّبَخَ He prepared, or prepared for himself, طَبِيخ [i. e. flesh-meat cooked in a pot, &c.], syn. اِتَّخَذَ طَبِيخًا, (S, A, L, K,) or قَدِير, [which signifies flesh-meat cooked in a pot, with, or without, seeds to season it, such as pepper and cumin-seeds and the like, as expl. below, voce طَبِيخٌ]; (TA;) [it is said that] it particularly signifies he cooked for himself alone, [or it signifies for himself with others,] thus differing from طَبَخَ, as expl. above: (L:) see 1, in two places; and see also 7: ISk says that اِطِّبَاخٌ signifies the cooking in a pot and by roasting or broiling or frying. (S.) b2: [Also, probably, He prepared, or prepared for himself, the beverage called طَبِيخ.]

طِبْخٌ: see طَبِيخٌ.

طَبْخَةٌ: see أَطْبَخُ.

طَبَاخٌ, (S, A, K,) thus in the handwriting of El-Iyádee, (L,) and طُبَاخٌ, (K,) thus in the handwriting of Az, (L,) (assumed tropical:) Firmness, or soundness; (K;) strength, and fatness. (S, L, K.) One says, مَا بِهِ طَبَاخٌ (tropical:) There is not in it, or him, strength [nor fatness]: originally said of lean flesh-meat, that yields no benefit to him who cooks it. (A.) And رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ بِهِ طَبَاخٌ (assumed tropical:) A man in whom is no strength nor fatness. (S.) and لَا طَبَاخَ لَهُ (assumed tropical:) He has no intelligence, nor does he possess any good: and (assumed tropical:) he has no companion remaining to him. (L.) And فِى كَلَامِهِ طَبَاخٌ (assumed tropical:) In his speech is soundness. (TA.) And مَا فِى

كَلَامِهِ طَبَاخٌ (tropical:) There is no profit in his speech. (A.) طَبِيخٌ, of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ [i. e. i. q. ↓ مَطْبُوخٌ Cooked; &c.; but accord. to general usage, it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, signifying cooked flesh-meat]: accord. to some, flesh-meat cooked with broth or gravy; what is cooked without broth or gravy not being thus termed: (Msb:) or, as El-Karkhee says, what has broth, or gravy, and contains flesh or fat; dry fried meat, and the like, not being thus termed: (Mgh:) or i. q. قَدِيرٌ [which signifies either flesh-meat cooked in a pot, or flesh-meat cooked in a pot with seeds to season it such as pepper and cumin-seeds and the like]: or قدير is applied to that which is with seeds to season it, and طَبِيخ is that which is not seasoned with seeds such as pepper and cumin-seeds and the like: (L, TA:) [pl. أَطْبِخَةٌ:] and cooked flesh-meat is also called ↓ طِبْخٌ. (L.) b2: [Also A decoction: used in this sense in medical and other books. (See also طُبَاخَةٌ.)] b3: And A sort of مُنَصَّف [i. e. wine, or beverage, cooked until half of it has evaporated]. (S, M, A, K.) b4: And Gypsum: and baked bricks. (K.) These are said to be meant by the last word in the following trad., إِذَا أَرَادَ اللّٰهُ بِعَبْدٍ سُوْءًا جَعَلَ مَالَهُ فِى الطَّبِيخَيْنِ [When God desires evil to befall a man (lit. a servant), He makes his property to consist in gypsum and baked bricks]. (L.) طُبَاخَةٌ The froth, or foam, that boils over from a cooking-pot. (S, K.) b2: And A decoction of anything; the extracted juice, thereof, that is taken after coction; such as that of Brazil-wood (بَقَّم), and the like: (L:) what one takes, of that which he requires [for use], of that which is cooked; such as بقّم; of which one takes the طباخة for dyeing, and throws away the rest. (T.) [See also طَبِيخٌ.]

طِبَاخَةٌ The art, or business, of cooking. (K.) طَبِيخَةُ الحَرِّ, (A, L,) pl. طَبَائِخُ, (S, A, L, K,) (tropical:) Hot wind (S, A, L, K) blowing at midday in the season of vehement heat. (A, L.) One says, خَرَجُوا فِى طَبِيخَةِ الحَرِّ, and فى طَبَائِخِهِ, (tropical:) They went forth during the hot wind &c., and during the hot winds &c. (A.) اِمْرَأُةٌ طَبَاخِيَةٌ (S, L, K) and طُبَاخِيَّةٌ, (K,) A young woman, (L, K,) full, [or plump,] (L,) compact in flesh: (S, L, K:) or the latter, (L,) or both, (K,) an intelligent and beautiful woman. (L, K.) طَبَّاخٌ A cook. (K.) طِبِّيخٌ, (A, L, K,) written by Aboo-Bekr طَبِّيخ, with fet-h to the ط, (L,) i. q. بِطِّيخٌ [The melon; or particularly the water-melon]: (L, K:) of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (L,) or of El-Medeeneh. (A.) [Freytag says that, accord. to some, but he does not not name his authority, it is a large, round melon, rough to the touch, and without a neck, different from the بطيخ, which is a small melon.]

طَابِخٌ [act. part. n. of طَبَخَ: b2: and hence,] sing. of طُبَّخٌ, which signifies (assumed tropical:) The angels of punishment [who roast the damned in Hell]. (S, K.) b3: Also, (S, K,) or حُمَّى طَابِخٌ, (A,) (tropical:) A [hot, or burning,] fever, such as is termed صَالِبٌ. (S, K, TA.) طَابِخَةٌ (tropical:) i. q. هَاجِرَةٌ [i. e. Midday when the heat is vehement; or midday in summer, or in the hot season; &c.]. (S, K, TA.) أَطْبَخُ Confirmed in stupidity; as also ↓ طَبْخَةٌ; (L, K;) but the word commonly known is طَيْخَةٌ. (L.) مَطْبَخٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ مِطْبَخٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) sometimes called by the latter name as being likened to an instrument, (Msb,) and this latter is the only form mentioned in the A, and is said by Sb to be not a noun of place, but a subst. like مِرْبَدٌ, (TA,) A place of cooking; a place in which cooking is performed; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) a cook's house or room; a kitchen. (T.) [See also مُطَّبَخٌ.] One says, هُوَ أَبْيَضُ المَطْبَخِ (tropical:) [lit. He is one whose kitchen, or cooking-place, is white; meaning he is inhospitable; like as one says in the contrary case, هُوَ كَثِيرُ الرَّمَادِ]: and in like manner, هُمْ بِيضُ المَطَابِخِ. (A.) مِطْبَخٌ An implement for cooking: or a cooking-pot. (K.) b2: See also the next preceding paragraph.

مُطَبِّخُ A young [lizard of the species called]

ضَبّ [in a certain stage of its growth]: in its first stage it is called حِسْلٌ; then, غَيْدَاقٌ; then, مُطَبِّخٌ; then, خُضَرِمٌ; and then, ضَبٌّ: (S, L:) or one that has nearly attained to the size of its parent: or one in its fullest state: (ISd, L:) or the first of the offspring of the ضَبّ (أَوَّلُ وَلَدِ الضَّبِّ). (K. [But this is evidently a mistake, as is observed in the TK.]) b2: And A young man that is full [or plump]: (K:) a child when born is called رَضِيعٌ, and طِفْلٌ; then فَطِيمٌ; then, دَارِجٌ; then, جَفْرٌ; then, يَافِعٌ; then شَدَخٌ; then, مُطَبِّخٌ; and then, كَوْكَبٌ. (IAar, TA.) مَطْبُوخٌ: see طَبيخٌ. b2: إِبْرِيسَمٌ مَطْبُوخٌ [Dressed silk]. (Mgh and Msb voce حَرِيرٌ.) مُطَّبَخٌ A place in which people cook their food. (JK,) One says, هٰذَا مُطَّبَخُ القَوْمِ وَهٰذَا مُشْتَوَاهُمْ [This is the people's place of cooking their food, and this is the place of their roasting or broiling or frying]. (S.) [See also مَطْبَخٌ.]

سرو

1 سَرُوَ, (S, M, Mgh, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) and سَرَا, (S, M, K,) aor. as above; (S, K;) and سَرِىَ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) inf. n. سَرَاوَةٌ, (S, M, K,) of the first verb, (S, M,) and سَرْوٌ, (Sb, Lh, S, M, Mgh, K,) of the same verb, (M, Mgh,) and of the second, (S, M,) and of the third, (S,) and سَرًا and سَرَآءٌ, (M, K,) both of the third, but سَرَآءٌ, and this only, is mentioned by Lh as inf. n. of the second verb; (M;) He was, or became, possessed of liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory. (M, K.) A2: سَرْوُ المَسَاقِى means The cleaning out of what are termed مَسَاقٍ [pl. of مَسْقَاةٌ or مِسْقَاةٌ, which see in art. سقى]. (TA.) A3: سَرْوٌ also signifies, like تَسْرِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ↓ سرّى], and إِسْرَآءٌ [inf. n. of ↓ اسرى], The throwing off a thing from oneself [or from another]; (K, TA;) and the pulling off a thing. (TA.) You say, سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى, (ISk, S,) or عَنْهُ, aor. ـْ (Mgh,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, I threw off the garment from me, (ISk, S,) or I removed the garment from over him; (Mgh;) and سَرَيْتُ is a dial. var. thereof; (S;) or سَرَا ثَوْبَهُ عَنْهُ, inf. n. سَرْوٌ; and ↓ سرّاهُ; he pulled off his garment from him: (M:) and سَرَوْتُ الجُلَّ عَنِ الفَرَسِ, (TA,) or عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (M,) and ↓ سَرَّيْتُهُ, and ↓ أَسْرَيْتُهُ, I threw off [the horse-cloth from the horse, or from the back of the horse]. (TA.) And سَرَوْتُ عَنِّى دِرْعِى [I threw off from me my coat of mail]: in this case the verb is only with و. (S.) [Hence,] عَنْهُ ↓ سُرِّىَ, (M,) or سُرِّىَ عَنْهُ الهَمُّ, (S, K, *) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) Anxiety became removed from him; as also عَنْهُ ↓ انسرى الهَمُّ: (S, K, * TA:) or his anxiety became removed, or cleared away. (M, in explanation of the first of these phrases.) And عَنْهُ الخَوْفُ ↓ سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) Fear was made to quit him: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.) And hence the phrase in a trad., عَنْهُ بُرَحَآءُ الوَحْىِ ↓ فَلَمَّا سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) [and when the vehement distress of mind arising from the oppression caused by inspiration was made to quit him]; referring to the Prophet. (Mgh.) A4: سَرَتْ, (K,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, (TA,) said of the female locust, She laid eggs: (K:) a dial. var. of سَرَأَتْ. (TA.) 2 اليَوْمَ تَسَرَّوْنَ, said by the Prophet on the occasion of the expedition of Ohod, means Today ye shall have your سَرِىّ [or that person, among you, who is distinguished by liberality and manliness, &c.,] slain: and [accordingly] Hamzeh was then slain. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in six places.3 ساراهُ, inf. n. مُسَارَاةٌ, i. q. فَاخَرَهُ [i. e. He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in glory, or rather in liberality and manliness, &c.: see 1, first sentence]. (TA.) 4 اسرى He became in, or upon, land, or ground, such as is termed سَرَاة: belonging to the present art., accord. to Er-Rághib: (TA:) or he betook himself to the سَرَاة [app. meaning the mountainous tract so called]: (K and TA in art. سرى:) it is like أَنْجَدَ and أَتْهَمَ. (TA in that art.) A2: See also 1, in two places.5 تسرّى signifies تَكَلَّفَ السَّرْوَ, (S, K, * TA,) i. e. [He affected, or constrained himself, to possess liberality and manliness, &c., (see 1, first sentence,) or] high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory, and manliness, or manly virtue: (TA:) or it signifies أَخَذَ سُرِّيَّةً [he took a concubine-slave]: (K:) or A2: one says also, تسرّى الجَارِيَةَ [He took the girl, or young woman, as a concubine-slave], from السُّرِّيَّةُ; said by Yaakoob to be originally تَسَرَّرَ, [which see in art. سر,] from السُّرُورُ. (S.) b2: and تسرّاهُ signifies ↓ أَخَذَ أَسْرَاهُ [i. e. He took the best thereof]. (M, TA. [See also 8.]) 7 إِنْسَرَوَ see 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.8 استرى He chose, or selected, as being the best, (S, M, K,) a thing, (M,) or men, (S, K,) and camels, and sheep or goats. (S.) and اِسْتَرَيْتُهُ I took the best of it. (T, TA. [See also 5, last sentence.]) And اِسْتَارَ signifies the same as استرى, being formed from the latter by transposition. (TA.) One says, استرى المَوْتُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (S,) or الحَىَّ, (K,) i. e. Death chose [or took] the best of the sons of such a one, or of the tribe. (S, * K, * TA.) سَرْوٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, M, K, &c.) [Used as a simple subst., Liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue; &c.] b2: Hence, أَبُو السَّرْوِ (assumed tropical:) Aloes-wood, or the like, that is used for fumigation; syn. البَخُورُ. (Har p. 228.) A2: Also A part that rises from [the bottom of] a valley, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M, K:) or that rises from the channel in which the water flows, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M:) it is like a خَيْف. (S.) السَّرْوُ, (S, K,) or سَرْوُ حِمْيَرَ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean مَحَلَّةُ حِمْيَرَ [The settlement of Himyer]. (S, M, K.) A3: and A certain kind of tree, (S, M, K,) well-known; (K;) [the common, or evergreen, cypress; cupressus sempervirens of Linn.: applied thereto in the present day: (Delile's Floræ Aegypt. Illustr., no. 900:)] n. un. with ة. (S, M, K.) A4: and Certain worms that light upon plants, (M, K, TA,) and eat them: (M:) الثِّيَاب, in [some of] the copies of the K, is a mistranscription for النَّبَات: (TA:) sing. [or rather n. un.] with ة. (M.) سَرَاةٌ The back (S, M, K) of anything: (S:) pl. سَرَوَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) it has no broken pl. (M.) And The higher, or highest, part of anything: (M in the present art., and K in art. سرى:) so [for instance] of a mountain. (TA in art. سرى.) [Hence,] سَرَاةُ اليَمَنِ, (M,) or السَّرَاةُ [by way of preeminence, for سَرَاة is prefixed to the names of a number of places and of tribes, as is said in the TA in art. سرى], A certain mountain [or mountainous tract] commencing near 'Arafát and extending to Nejrán of El-Yemen: (Msb:) pl. as above. (M.) b2: The highest [or most advanced state] of the day: (TA:) [or] the state of advancement, when the sun has become somewhat high, (syn. اِرْتِفَاع,) of the day, (M, K, TA,) and so of other things; by some said to mean the middle thereof; (M;) so in the S, in relation to the day; but this is [said to be] a mistake: (TA:) in a verse of El-Bureyk El-Hudhalee, of the night: pl. as above: and the sing. also occurs used as a pl. (M.) b3: The middle of anything: pl. as above. (S.) The middle anسرىd main part of a road; (Mgh, Msb;) the hard and elevated part thereof. (K.) It is said in a trad., لَيْسَ لِلْنِّسَآءِ سَرَوَاتُ الطَّرِيقِ (S, Mgh) The back and middle of the road, (S,) or the middle and main parts thereof, (Mgh,) are not for the women; meaning that they should walk upon the side parts. (S.) b4: Accord. to Er-Rághib, A wide tract of land. (TA in art. سرى.) A2: It is also a pl., of a rare form, (S, Msb,) or a quasi-pl. n., (M, K,) of سَرِىٌّ [which see in several places]. (S, M, Msb, K.) سَرْوَةٌ n. un. of سَرْوٌ [q. v.] in two senses.

A2: See also سِرْوَةٌ.

سُرْوَةٌ: see what next follows.

سِرْوَةٌ (Th, AHn, T, S, M, K) and ↓ سُرْوَةٌ (Th, M, IAth, K) and ↓ سَرْوَةٌ (Kr, M, K) A small arrow: (S:) or a small and short arrow: or an arrow broad and long in the head; (M, K, TA;) but therewithal slender and short; with which one shoots at the butt: (TA:) or such as is round and smooth, not broad; the broad and long being termed مِعْبَلَةٌ: (M:) or the very slenderest of arrow-heads, that penetrates into the coats of mail: (Th, M:) or it [is an arrow that] penetrates into the coats of mail, for which reason it is called الدِّرْعِيَّةُ, its head entering like the needle: (T, TA:) or an arrow-head resembling an ordinary needle or a large needle: it is mentioned also in art. سرى, [as being a small, short, round and smooth arrow-head, having no breadth, and as being called سِرْوَةٌ and سِرْيَةً,] because the word belongs to that art. and to this: (M:) [see also مِرْمَاةٌ; and see سِرْوَةٌ in art. سرأ:] the pl. is سُرًى [or سِرًى?] accord. to the T, or سِرَآءٌ accord. to the S. (TA.) A2: The first (سِرْوَةٌ) also signifies The locust in its first state, when it is a larva; (S;) or in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg: (M:) originally with hemz: (S:) [see سَرْءٌ, in two places:] and سِرْيَةٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (S.) [See also جَرَادٌ.]

سَرِىٌّ, as an epithet applied to a man, (S, M, K, &c.,) may be from اِسْتَرَيْتُ الشَّىْءَ “ I chose, or selected, the thing,” or from السَّرَاةُ “ the higher, or highest, part ” of a thing, (Ham p. 337,) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, from سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى “ I pulled off the garment from me,” (TA, [in which this derivation is said to be good, but I think it far-fetched,]) Possessing liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or possessing manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and, (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory: (M, K:) or i. q. رَئِيسٌ [meaning a chief, or person high in rank or condition]: (Msb:) [or a generous and manly or noble person:] fem. with ة: (M, K:) and ↓ مَسْرَوَانٌ signifies the same, applied to a man; and ↓ مَسْرَوَانَةٌ applied to a woman: (M:) the pl. of سَرِىٌّ is أَسْرِيَآءُ and سُرَوَآءُ (Lh, M, K) and سُرًى, (Az, K,) which is anomalous, (TA,) and سَرَاةٌ, (T, S, Mgh, * Msb,) [originally سَرَوَةٌ,] which is [also] anomalous, (T, TA,) the only instance of فَعَلَةٌ as the measure of a pl. of a word of the measure فَعِيلٌ, (S, Msb,) or it is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, M, K,) and its pl. is سَرَوَاتٌ; (S, M, Mgh, * K;) meaning سَادَاتٌ [or chiefs, &c.]; (Mgh); and سُرَاةٌ, with damm, [originally سُرَوَةٌ,] is a dial. var. of سَرَاةٌ, as pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] of سَرِىٌّ: (IAth, TA:) the pl. of سَرِيَّةٌ is سَرِيَّاتٌ and سَرَايَا. (M, K.) Also Chosen, or choice, or select: (M:) what is good of anything; pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] سَرَاةٌ: (Ham p. 337:) the best, (Msb, TA, and Har p. 56,) and in like manner سَرَاةٌ [as a pl.]; (M, Msb, TA, and Ham p. 57, and Har ubi suprà;) the former, of men, (Har ubi suprà,) and of camels; (S;) and the latter, of men, (S, TA, and Ham ubi suprà, and Har,) and of cattle or camels and the like, (S, M, TA,) as also the former. (TA.) A2: See also art. سرى.

سُرِّيَّةٌ, said by some to be originally of the measure فُعُّولَةٌ, from سَرْوٌ: see art. سر.

أَسْرَى is of the measure أَفْعَلُ [denoting the comparative and superlative degrees] from السَّرْوُ signifying “ liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: ” [&c.:] whence the phrase أَسْرَاهُمْ سُودَدًا, meaning The best of them in respect of chiefdom or the like: or it may be from السُّرَى; meaning in this instance that the fame of the chiefdom, or the like, of him to whom it relates has pervaded the countries and spread among mankind; and this is more worthy of regard in respect of the method of grammatical analysis; from Mtr: (Har p. 363: [see art. سرى:]) [ISd, however, assigns the word to the present art.:] see 5, last sentence.

أَرْضٌ مَسْرُوَّةٌ A land containing the سِرْوَة, or locust in its first state, when it is a larva. (S.) [In a copy of the M, it is said to be from السَّرْوَةُ; and the context there indicates the meaning to be A land infested by a worm of the kind termed سَرْوٌ, of which سَرْوَةٌ is the n. un.: but probably السَّرْوَةُ, in this instance, is a mistranscription for السِّرْوَةُ, which is mentioned immediately after as meaning “ the locust in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg. ”]

مَسْرَوَانٌ; and its fem., with ة: see سَرِىٌّ.

خنع

1 خَنَعَ إِلَيْهِ, and لَهُ, (ISd,) [aor. ـَ inf. n. خُنُوعٌ (S, ISd, K) and خَنْعٌ; (ISd;) [and app. خَنِعَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. خَنَعٌ; (see خَنَعٌ, below; and خَنِعٌ;)] He was, or became, lowly, humble, or submissive, (S, ISd, K,) to him, and petitioned him, or solicited him, he, the latter, not being a fit person to be petitioned, or solicited: (ISd:) or خُنُوعٌ signifies the being low, vile, base, abject, or submissive; almost always in an improper case. (Ham p. 44.) b2: Accord. to Lth, (TA,) خَنْعٌ signifies The act of playing, toying, or dallying, and conversing with one of the other sex, enticing, or striving to induce, the latter to yield to one's desire, and behaving in a soft, tender, or blandishing, manner. (K, TA.) Yousay, خَنَعَ النِّسَآءَ, [or more probably, لِلنِّسَآءِ,] He played, &c., with women, and behaved in a soft, tender, or blandishing, manner to them. (TK.) b3: خَنَعَ, aor. ـَ (Lth, K,) inf. n. خَنْعٌ and خُنُوعٌ, (Lth,) also signifies He acted in a suspicious manner, or so as to induce suspicion or evil opinion; (K;) he acted vitiously, or immorally; or committed adultery, or fornication. (Lth, K.) You say, خَنَعَ إِلَيْهَا He came to her for a vitious, or an immoral, purpose; or for the purpose of adultery, or fornication: (Lth, TA:) or, as some say, he listened to her. (TA.) b4: and خَنَعَ بِهِ, aor. ـَ inf. n. خُنُوعٌ, He acted perfidiously, unfaithfully, or treacherously, to him; or broke his compact, contract, covenant, or the like, with him. (TA.) A2: خَنَعَ فُلَانًا إِلَى السَّوْءَةِ He, or it, invited such a one to that which was foul, abominable, or evil; as also خَضَعَ. (TA in art. خضع.) 4 أَخْنَعَتَنِى إِلَيْكَ الحَاجَةُ (S, K *) Want, or need, made me lowly, humble, or submissive, to thee; or constrained me to have recourse to thee, and to require thine aid. (S, * K.) خَنَعٌ [app. inf. n. of خَنِعَ,] Lowness, vileness, baseness, abjectness, or submissiveness; almost always, in an improper case. (Ham p. 44.) خَنِعٌ [app. part. n. of خَنِعَ,] Low, vile, base, abject, or submissive. (KL.) [See what next precedes.]

خَنْعَةٌ A thing that induces suspicion or evil opinion; (S, K;) a vitious, or an immoral, act; or adultery; or fornication. (K.) [See a remark on one of the pls. of خَانِعٌ.] You say, اِطَّلَعَتْ مِنْ فُلَانٍ عَلَى خَنْعَةٍ I became acquainted with, or got knowledge of, a vitious, or an immoral, act of such a one. (TA.) And وَقَعَ فِى

خَنْعَةٍ He fell into a thing of which one is ashamed. (TA.) A2: A vacant place. (O, L, K.) You say, لَقِيتُهُ بِخَنْعَةٍ فَقَهَرْتُهُ I found him, or met him, in a vacant place, and I overcame him. (K, * TA.) خُنْعَةٌ Necessity, or constraint: and excuse. (TA.) b2: رَجُلٌ ذُو خُنُعَاتٍ A man in whom is corruptness, or vitiousness, or corrupt or vitious conduct. (TA.) خَنُوعٌ Perfidious, unfaithful, or treacherous; one who breaks his compact, contract, covenant, or the like. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b2: One who turns away from, or shuns, or avoids, another. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) خَنَاعَةٌ The state of being bad, evil, abominable, foul, unseemly, ugly, or hideous; or excessively bad, &c. (TA.) خَانِعٌ One who acts in a suspicious manner, or so as to induce suspicion or evil opinion; who acts vitiously, or immorally; or commits adultery, or fornication: (S, K:) pl. خُنُعٌ (K, TA) and خَنَعَةٌ. (TA.) El-Aashà says, هُمْ الخَضَارِمُ إِنْ غَابُوا وَ إِنْ شَهِدُوا وَ لَا يَرَوْنَ إِلَى جَارَاتِهِمْ خُنُعَا [They are the bountiful, if they be absent and if they be present; and they do not see persons acting in a suspicious manner, &c., towards their wives]. (TA.) [The latter hemistich of this verse is cited in the S; in one copy of which I find يُرَوْنَ in the place of يَرَوْنَ: and it seems to be there implied that خُنُعٌ is pl. of خُنْعَةٌ; but I do not know any instance of فُعُلٌ as the measure of a pl. of a word of the measure فَعْلَةٌ.] b2: One who commits a foul action whereof the disgrace returns upon him, and is ashamed of it, and hangs down his head towards the ground. (As, on the authority of an Arab of the desert.) أَخْنَعُ الأَسْمَآءِ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ مَلِكُ الأَمْلَاكِ, (K,) or إِلَى اللّٰهِ, (TA,) The vilest and most abasing (أَذَلُّ and أَقْهَرُ) of names, (K,) for a man, and the most effectual to bring into a state of humility and humiliation, in the estimation of God, is “ king of kings; ” like [the Persian] شَاهِنْشَاهْ; because this name belongs to God himself: a trad., which is variously related: (TA:) accord. to different relations, thus, and أَنْخَعُ, (K,) meaning “ most effectual to kill, and destroy,” its owner, (TA,) and أَبْخَعُ, [which means the same,] (K, TA, [in the CK اَنْجَعُ,]) and أَخْنَى, (K,) meaning “ most foul, abominable, or the like. ” (TA in art. خنى.) مُخَنَّعٌ applied to a camel, Broke; trained; rendered submissive, or manageable. (K, TA.) And in like manner applied to a place [app. as meaning Rendered easy to sit, or lie, upon; or, to travel]. (TA.)

علم الإلهي
هو علم يبحث فيه عن الحوادث من حيث هي موجودات.
وموضوعه الوجود من حيث هو.
وغايته تحصيل الاعتقادات الحقة والتصورات المطابقة لتحصيل السعادة الأبدية والسيادة السرمدية كذا في: مفتاح السعادة.
وفي كشاف اصطلاحات الفنون: هو علم بأحوال ما يفتقر في الوجودين أي الخارجي والذهني إلى المادة.
ويسمى أيضا بالعلم الأعلى وبالفلسفة الأولى وبالعلم الكلي وبما بعد الطبيعة وبما قبل الطبيعة
والبحث فيه عن الكميات المتصلة والكيفيات المحسوسة والمختصة بالكميات وأمثالها مما يفتقر إلى المادة في الوجود الخارجي استطرادي وكذا البحث عن الصورة مع أن الصورة تحتاج إلى المادة في التشكل كذا في العلمي وفي الصدر أمن الحكمية النظرية ما يتعلق بأمور غير مادية مستغنية القوام في نحوي الوجود العيني والذهني عن اشتراط المادة كالإله الحق والعقول الفعالة والأقسام الأولية للموجود كالواجب والممكن والواحد والكثير والعلة والمعلول والكلي والجزئي وغير ذلك فإن خالط شيء منها المواد الجسمانية فلا يكون على سبيل الافتقار والوجوب.
وسموا هذا القسم: العلم الأعلى فمنه العلم الكلي المشتمل على تقاسيم الوجود المسمى بالفلسفة الأولى ومنه الإلهي الذي هو فن من المفارقات.
وموضوع هذين الفنين: أعم الأشياء وهو الموجود المطلق من حيث هو. انتهى.
وأصول الإلهي خمسة:
الأول: الأمور العامة.
الثاني: إثبات الواجب وما يليق به.
الثالث: إثبات الجواهر الروحانية.
الرابع: بيان ارتباط الأمور الأرضية بالقوى السماوية.
الخامس: بيان نظام الممكنات.
وفروعه قسمان:
الأول: البحث عن كيفية الوحي وصيرورة العقل محسوسا ومنه تعريف الإلهيات ومنه الروح الأمين.
الثاني: العلم بالمعاد الروحاني. انتهى.
وقال صاحب: إرشاد القاصد: يعبر عنه بالإلهي لاشتماله على علم الربوبية.
وبالعلم الكلي لعمومه وشموله لكليات الموجودات.
وبعلم ما بعد الطبيعة لتجرد موضوعه عن المواد ولواحقها.
قال: وأجزاؤه الأصلية خمسة: الأول: النظر في الأمور العامة مثل الوجود والماهية والوجوب والإمكان والقدم والحدوث والوحدة والكثرة.
والثاني: النظر في مبادئ العلوم كلها وتبيين مقدماتها ومراتبها. والثالث: النظر في إثبات وجود الإله ووجوبه والدلالة على وحدته وصفاته.
والرابع: النظر في إثبات الجواهر المجردة من العقول والنفوس والملائكة والجن والشياطين وحقائقها وأحوالها.
والخامس: النظر في أحوال النفوس البشرية بعد مفارقتها وحال المعاد.
ولما اشتدت الحاجة إليه اختلفت الطرق.
فمن الطالبين: من رام إدراكه بالبحث والنظر وهؤلاء زمرة الحكماء الباحثين ورئيسهم أرسطو وهذا الطريق أنفع للتعلم لو وفى بجملة المطالب وقامت عليها براهين يقينية وهيهات.
ومنهم: من سلك طريق تصفية النفس بالرياضة وأكثرهم يصل إلى أمور ذوقية يكشفها له العيان ويجل أن توصف بلسان ومنهم: ابتدأ أمره بالبحث والنظر وانتهى إلى التجريد وتصفية النفس فجمع بين الفضيلتين وينسب مثال هذا الحال إلى سقراط وأفلاطون والسهروردي والبيهقي. انتهى.
وقال أبو الخير: وهذا العلم هو المقصد الأقصى والمطلب الأعلى لكن لمن وقف على حقائقه واستقام في الإطلاع على دقائقه لأن حظي به فقد فاز فوزا عظيما ومن زلت فيه قدمه أو طغى به قلمه فقد ضل ضلالا بعيدا وخسر خسرانا مبينا إذ الباطل يشاكل الحق في مأخذه والوهم يعارض العقل في دلائله جل جناب الحق عن أن يكون شريعة الكل وارد أو يطلع على سرائر قدسه إلا واحد بعد واحد وقلما يوجد إنسان يصفو عقله عن كدر الأوهام ويخلص فهمه عن مهاوي الإيهام ويستسلم لما قرره الأعلام.
واعلم أن من النظر رتبة تناظر طريق التصفية ويقرب حدها من حدها وهو طريق الذوق ويسمونه الحكمة الذوقية.
وممن وصل إلى هذه الرتبة في السلف السهروردي وكتاب: حكمة الإشراق له صادر عن هذا المقام برمز أخفى من أن يعلم وفي المتأخرين: الفاضل الكامل مولانا شمس الدين الفناري في بلاد الروم ومولانا جلال الدين الدواني في بلاد العجم ورئيس هؤلاء الشيخ صدر الدين القونوي والعلامة قطب الدين الشيرازي. انتهى. ملخصا أو سيأتي تمام التفصيل في الحكمة عند تحقيق الأقسام إن شاء الله العزيز العلام.
واعلم أن منبع العلوم الحكمية النظرية وأستاذ الكل فيها إدريس عليه السلام آتاه الله الحكمة والنبوة وأنزل عليه ثلاثين صحيفة وعلم النجوم. وأفهمه عدد السنين والحساب وعلمه الألسنة حتى تكلم الناس في زمنه باثنين وتسعين لسانا ولد بمصر وسموه هرمس الهرامس وباليونانية أرمس بمعنى عطارد وعرب بهرمس واسمه الأصلي هنوخ وعرب أخنوخ وسماه الله تعالى في كتابه الــعربي المبين إدريس لكثرة دراسة كتاب الله تعالى.
وقيل: إن معلمه غوثاديمون أو أغثاذيمون المصري وتفسيره السعيد الجد قيل: وهو شيث عليه السلام.
ثم إن إدريس عرف الناس صفة نبينا محمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بأنه يكون بريئا عن المذمات والآفات كلها كاملا في الفضائل الممدوحات لا يقصر عما يسأل عنه مما في الأرض والسماء ومما فيه دواء وشفاء وأنه يكون مستجاب الدعوة في كل ما يطلبه ويكون مذهبه ودينه ما يصلح به العالم.
وكانت قبلة إدريس جهة الجنوب على خط نصف النهار كان رجلا تام الخلقة حسن الوجه أجلح كث اللحية مليح الشمائل والتخاطيط تام الباع عريض المنكبين ضخم العظام قليل اللحم براق العين أكحلها متأنيا في كلامه كثير الصمت وإذا اغتاظ أخذ يحرك سبابته إذا تكلم وكانت مدة مقامه في الأرض اثنتين وثمانين سنة ثم دفعه الله مكانا عليا.
وهو أول من خاط الثياب وحكم بالنجوم وأنذر بالطوفان وأول من بنى الهياكل ومجد الله فيها وأول من نظر في الطب وأول من ألف القصائد والأشعار وهو الذي بنى أهرام بمصر وصور فيها جميع العلوم والصناعات وآلاتها خشية أن يذهب رسمها بالطوفان.
واعلم أيضا أن من أساتذة الحكمة الحكيم أفلاطون أحد الأساطين الخمسة للحكمة من يونان كبير القدر مقبول القول البليغ في مقاصده.
أخذ عن فيثاغورس وشارك مع سقراط في الأخذ عنه وصنف في الحكمة كتبا لكن اختار فيها الرمز والإغلاق وكان يعلم تلاميذه وهو ماش ولهذا سموا المشائين وفوض الدرس في آخر عمره إلى أرشد أصحابه وانقطع هو للعبادة وعاش ثمانين سنة وولد في مدينة أنيس ولازم سقراط خمسين سنة وكان عمره إذ ذاك عشرون سنة وتزوج امرأتين وكانت نفسه في التعليم مباركة تخرج بها علماء اشتهروا من بعده.
ومن جملة أساتذة الحكمة أرسطاطاليس تلميذ أفلاطون لازم خدمته مدة عشرين سنة وكان أفلاطون يؤثر على غيره ويسميه العقل وهو خاتم حكماءهم وسيد علمائهم وأول من استخرج المنطق وله كتب شريفة في الفلسفة وكان معلم الإسكندر بن فيلقوس وبآدابه وسياسته عمل هو فظهر الخير وفاض العدل وبه انقمع الشرك في بلاد اليونانيين.
ومعنى أرسطاطاليس محب الحكمة أو الفاضل الكامل عاش سبعا وستين سنة ومصنفاته تنيف على ثمانين وكان أبيض أجلح حسن القامة عظيم العظام صغير العينين والفم عريض الصدر كث اللحية أشهل العينين أقنى الأنف يسرع في مشيته ناظرا في الكتب دائما يقف عند كل كلمة ويطيل الإطراق عند السؤال قليل الجواب ينتقل في أوقات النهار في الفيافي ونحو الأنهار محبا لاستماع الألحان والاجتماع بأهل الرياضة وأصحاب الجدل منصفا في نفسه إذا خصم ويعرف بموضع الإصابة والخطأ معتدلا في الملابس والمآكل مات وله ثمان وتسعين سنة ثم إنه تخلف عن خدمة الملوك وبنى موضع التعليم وأقبل على العناية بمصالح الناس.
وكان جليل القدر كثير التلاميذ من الملوك وأبناءهم وكان أهل مدينة أسطا إذا أشكل عليهم أمر يجتمعون إلى قبره حتى يفتح لهم ويزعمون أن قبره يصحح فكرهم ويذكي عقولهم واستيفاء أخباره لا يمكن إلا في مجلد.
ومن جملة أساتذة الحكمة الفارابي وهو أبو نصر محمد بن محمد كان ذكيا حكيما مشهورا صاحب التصانيف في المنطق والمحكمة وغيرهما من العلوم وهو أكبر فلاسفة الإسلاميين لم يكن فيهم من بلغ رتبته في فنونه وتخرج ابن سينا في كتبه وبعلومه انتفع في تصانيفه كان رجلا تركيا تنقلت به الأسفار إلى أن وصل بغداد وهو يعرف كثيرا من اللغات غير الــعربي ثم تعلمه وأتقنه.
ثم اشتغل بالحكمة فقرأ على أبي بشر - متى بن يونس الحكيم - من شرح كتاب أرسطو في المنطق سبعين سفرا وكان هو شيخا كبيرا له صيت عظيم يجتمعون في حلقته كل يوم المئون من المنطقيين ثم أخذ طرفا من المنطق من أبي حنا ابن خيلان الحكيم النصراني بمدينة حران ثم نقل إلى بغداد وقرأ بها علوم الفلسفة وتمهر في كتب أرسطو جميعها يقال وجد كتاب النفس لأرسطو عليه مكتوب بخط الفار أبي: إني قرأت هذا الكتاب مائتي مرة وقال: قرأت السماع الطبعي لأرسطو أربعين مرة ومع ذلك إني محتاج إلى معاودته وكان يقول: لو أدركت أرسطو لكنت أكبر تلامذته.
ثم سافر إلى دمشق ثم إلى مصر ثم عاد إلى دمشق فأحسن إليه سلطانها1 سيف الدولة بن حمدان وأجرى عليه كل يوم أربعة دراهم لأنه كان أزهد الناس في الدنيا لا يحتفل بأمر مكتسب ولا مسكن لذلك أقتصر على أربعة دراهم وكان منفردا بنفسه لا يكون إلا في مجتمع ماء أو مشبك رياض ويؤلف كتبه هناك وكان أكثر تصانيفه في الرقاع ولم يصنف في الكراريس إلا قليلا فلذلك كانت أكثر تصانيفه فصولا وتعليقات وبعضها ناقصا.
يحكى أن الآلات المسماة بالقونون من تركيبه.
توفي سنة تسع وثلاثين وثلاثمائة بدمشق وقد ناهز ثمانين سنة.
وعدد مصنفاته من الكتب والرسالة سبعون كلها نافعة سيما كتابان في العلم الإلهي والمدني لا نظير لهما.
أحدهما: المعروف بالسياسة المدنية.
والأخرى: بالسيرة الفاضلة وصنف كتابا شريفا في إحصاء العلوم والتعريف بأغراضها لم يسبق إليه أحد ولا ذهب أحد مذهبه ولا يستغني عنه أحد من طلاب العلم وكذا كتابه في أغراض أفلاطون وأرسطو أطلع فيه على أسرار العلوم وثمارها علما علما وبين كيفية التدرج من بعضها إليها بعض شيئا فشيئا ثم بدأ بفلسفة أرسطو ووصف أغراضه في تواليفه المنطقية والطبيعية فلا أعلم كتابا أجدى على طلب الفلسفة منه.
وفاراب: إحدى مدن الترك فيما وراء النهر. ومن جملة أساطين الحكمة: أبو علي حسين بن عبد الله بن سينا الحكيم المشهور وكان أبوه من بلخ ثم انتقل منها إلى بخارا وكان من العمال الكفاة وتولى العمل بقرية من بخارا يقال لها هرمين ثم انتقلوا إلى بخارا وانتقل الرئيس بعد ذلك في البلاد وأشتغل بالعلوم وحصل الفنون ولما بلغ عشر سنين من عمره أتقن علم القرآن العزيز والأدب وحفظ أشياء من أصول الدين وحساب الهندسة والجبر والمقابلة ثم قرأ كتاب: إيساغوجي علي أبي عبد الله النابلي وأحكم عليه ظواهر المنطق: لأنه لم يكن يعرف دقائقها ثم حل هو نفسه دقائق غفل عنها الأوائل وأحكم عليه إقليدس والمجسطي وفاقه أضعافا كثيرة.
وكان مع ذلك يختلف في الفقه إلى إسماعيل الزاهد يقرأ ويبحث ويناظرهم ثم اشتغل بتحصيل الطبعي والإلهي وغير ذلك وفتح الله عليه أبواب العلوم ثم فاق في علم الطب الأوائل والأواخر في أقل مدة وأصبح عديم القرين فقيد المثيل.
وقرأ عليه فضلاء هذا الفن أنواعه والمعالجات المقتبسة من التجربة وسنه إذ ذاك نحو ستة عشر وفي مدة اشتغاله لم ينم ليلة واحدة بكمالها ولم يشتغل في النهار بشيء سوى العلم والمطالعة وكان إذا أشكلت عليه مسئلة توضأ وقصد المسجد الجامع وصلى ودعا الله عز وجل أن يسهلها عليه ويفتح مغلقها له فتح الله - تبارك وتعالى – مشكلاتها.
ثم اتصل بخدمة نوح بن نصر الساماني صاحب خراسان بسبب الطب ودخل إلى خزانة كتبه واطلع على كتب لم تقرع آذان الزمان بمثلها وحصل نخب فوائدها وتحلى بنفائس فرائدها.
ويحكى عنه أنه لم يطلع على مسئلة إلى آخر عمره إلا وكان يعرفها وكان في ثمانية عشر سنين من سنه حتى حكي عنه أنه قال: كل ما علمته في ذلك الوقت فهو كما علمته الآن لم أزد عليه إلى اليوم وهذا أمر عظيم لا يكاد يقبله العقل لولا عرف حد ذكائه.
ثم تنقلت به الأحوال بأمور يطول شرحها حتى استوزر ثم عزل وحبس وبعد هذه الأحوال كلها مرض ثم صلح ثم دخل إلى أن ضعف جدا ثم اغتسل وتاب1 وتصدق بما معه على الفقراء ورد المظالم على من عرفه وأعتق مماليكه وجعل يختم في كل ثلاثة أيام ختمة ثم مات يوم الجمعة من رمضان سنة ثمان وعشرين وأربعمائة بهمذان وكانت ولادته سنة سبعين وثلاثمائة في شهر صفر وقيل: توفي بأصبهان وفضائله كثيرة شهيرة وكان نادرة عصره في علمه وذكائه وتصانيفه.
وعدة مؤلفاته ثمانية وستون على الأشهر وقيل: يقارب مائة مصنف ما بين مطول ومختصر. ورسائله بديعة منها: رسالة حي بن يقظان و: رسالة سلامان و: إبسال و: رسالة الطب و: قصيدة الورقاء يرمز بها عن النفس الناطقة.
ومن جملة أساطين الحكمة الإمام فخر الدين الرازي وممن نحا نحو ابن سينا والرازي:
نصير الدين الطوسي وهو محمد بن محمد سلطان الحكماء المدققين وقدوتهم في زمانه جامع علوم المتقدمين والمتأخرين.
ولد يوم السبت حادي عشر جمادى الأولى سنة سبع وتسعين وخمسمائة توفي آخر نهار الاثنين ثامن عشر ذي الحجة وقت مغيب الشمس سنة اثنتين وسبعين وستمائة ودفن بالمشهد الكاظمي.
وكان آية في التدقيق والتحقيق وحل المواضع المشكلة سيما: لطف التحرير الذي لم يلتفت إليه المتقدمون بل التفتوا إلى جانب المعنى فقط ثم إن الفاضل الشريف قلده في أمر التحرير والتقرير كما يظهر ذلك بالنظر في تصانيفهما.
وكان1 غاليا في التشيع كما يفصح عنه المقصد السادس من التجريد إلا أن الشيخ أكمل الدين قال: في أواخر شرحه للتجريد سمعت شيخي العلامة قطب الدين الشيرازي قال: كان الناس مختلفين في أن هذا الكتاب يعني التجريد لخواجه نصير الدين أولا فسأل عن ذلك ابنه خواجه أصيل الدين فقال: كان والدي وضعه إلى باب الإمامة وتوفي فكمله ابن المطهر الحلي وكان من الشيعة وهو زائغ زيغا عظيما فعلى هذه الرواية يكون بريئا عن نقيصة التشيع إلا أن المشهور عند الجمهور خلاف.
وبمن يلي هؤلاء في معرفة الحكمة الشيخ شهاب الدين السهروردي بل فاق كثيرا في الحكمة الذوقية.
وممن خرط في سلكهم الشيخ قطب دن الشيرازي والشيخ قطب الدين الرازي وسعد الدين التفتازاني والسيد الشريف الجرجاني ثم الجلال الدواني.
قال الأرنيقي: بعد ما ذكر في: مدينة العلوم ومن فضلاء بلادنا مولانا مصلح الدين مصطفى الشهير بخواجه زاده ومصلح الدين مصطفى الشهير بالقسطلاني لكن هؤلاء السبعة قد فاقوا على أكثر المتقدمين في الحديث والتفسير والأصول والفروع إلا أن الإمام فخر الدين الرازي فإنه تمهر فيها مع مشاركته لهؤلاء في علوم الحكمة بأقسامها وإن اتقانه أقوى من إتقانهم. انتهى
قلت: وفي قوله فاق على أكثر المتقدمين إلى آخره نظرا لأن العلم المجرد بالحديث والتفسير لا يكفي في صحة الاعتقاد والعمل حتى يستعملها على وجههما ويقول بمقتضاهما ويحقق فحواهما وأنى لهم التناوش من مكان بعيد.
والفخر الرازي أكثر كلاما من هؤلاء في علوم التفسير ولكن قال أهل التحقيق في حق كتابه: مفاتيح الغيب فيه كل شيء إلا التفسير وقد بحث في تفسيره هذا عن كل شيء لم يغادر صغيرة ولا كبيرة إلا أحصاها وقد أخطأ في مواضع مما يتعلق بفهم القرآن الكريم ويقال: إنه لم يكمل تفسيره بل كمله بعض من جاء بعده والخطأ منه وقد أصاب في مواضع منها: رد التقليد واثبات الاتباع. والله أعلم.
ثم قال في: مدينة العلوم: إن الكتب المؤلفة في العلم الإلهي لما لم يخل عن الرياضي والطبعي أيضا أحببنا أن نذكره بعد الفراغ عن الكل - اللهم إلا نادرا -: كالمباحث المشرقية للإمام فخر الدين الرازي وأمثاله ولا تظن أن العلوم الحكمية مخالفة للعلوم الشرعية مطلقا بل الخلاف في مسائل يسيرة وبعضها مخالف في مسائل قليلة ظاهرا لكن إن حقق يصافح أحدهما الآخر ويعانقه. انتهى.
قال في: كشف الظنون ثم اعلم أن البحث والنظر في هذا العلم لا يخلو إما: أن يكون على طريق النظر أو: على طريق الذوق فالأول: إما على قانون فلاسفة المشائين فالمتكفل له كتب الحكمة أو على قانون المتكلمين فالمتكفل حينئذ كتب الكلام لأفاضل المتأخرين والثاني: إما على قانون فلاسفة الإشراقين فالمتكفل له حكمة الإشراق ونحوه أو على قانون الصوفية واصطلاحهم فكتب التصوف.
وقد علم موضوع هذا الفن ومطالبه فلا تغفل فإن هذا التنبيه والتعليم مما فات عن أصحاب الموضوعات - وفوق كل ذي علم عليم.
وعبارة ابن خلدون في: تاريخه هكذا.
قال: علم الإلهيات: هو علم ينظر في الوجود المطلق.
فأولا: في الأمور العامة للجسمانيات والروحانيات من الماهيات والوحدة والكثرة والوجوب والإمكان وغير ذلك.
ثم ينظر في مبادئ الموجودات وأنها روحانيات.
ثم في كيفية صدور الموجودات عنها ومراتبها.
ثم في أحوال النفس بعد مفارقة الأجسام وعودها إلى المبدأ.
وهو عندهم: علم شريف يزعمون أنه يوقفهم على معرفة الوجود على ما هو عليه وإن ذلك عين السعادة في زعمهم وسيأتي الرد عليهم وهو تال للطبيعيات في ترتيبهم ولذلك يسمونه: علم ما وراء الطبيعة وكتب المعلم الأول فيه موجود بين أيدي الناس ولخصه ابن سينا في كتاب: الشفاء والنجاة وكذلك لخصها ابن رشد من حكماء الأندلس.
ولما وضع المتأخرون في علوم القوم ودونوا فيها رد عليهم الغزالي ما رد منها ثم خلط المتأخرون من المتكلمين مسائل علم الكلام بمسائل الفلسفة لعروضها في مباحثهم وتشابه موضوع علم الكلام بموضوع الإلهيات ومسائله بمسائلها فصارت كأنها فن واحد ثم غيروا ترتيب الحكماء في مسائل الطبيعيات والإلهيات وخلطوهما فنا واحدا قدموا الكلام في الأمور العامة ثم أتبعوه بالجسمانيات وتوابعها إلى آخر العلم كما فعله الإمام ابن الخطيب في: المباحث المشرقية وجميع من بعده من علماء الكلام وصار علم الكلام مختلطا بمسائل الحكمة وكتبه محشوة بها كان الغرض من موضوعهما ومسائلهما واحد والتبس ذلك على الناس وهي غير صواب لأن مسائل علم الكلام إنما هي عقائد ملتقاة من الشريعة كما نقلها السلف من غير رجوع فيها إلى العقل ولا تعويل عليه بمعنى أنها لا تثبت إلا به فإن العقل معزول عن الشرع وأنظاره وما تحدث فيه المتكلمون من إقامة الحجج فليس بحثا عن الحق فيها فالتعليل بالدليل بعد أن لم يكن معلوما هو شأن الفلسفة بل إنما هو التماس حجة عقلية تعضد عقائد الإيمان ومذاهب السلف فيها وتدفع شبه أهل البدع عنها الذين زعموا أن مداركهم فيها عقلية وذلك بعد أن تفرض صحيحة بالأدلة النقلية كما تلقاها السلف واعتقدوها وكثيرا ما بين المقامين من التفاوت في ذلك مدارك صاحب الشريعة أوسع لاتساع نطاقها عن مدارك الأنظار العقلية فهي فوقها ومحيطة بها لاستمدادها من الأنوار الإلهية فلا تدخل تحت قانون النظر الضعيف والمدارك المحاط بها فإذا هدانا الشارع إلى مدرك فينبغي أن نقدمه على مداركنا ونثق به دونها ولا ننظر في تصحيحه بمدارك العقل ولو عارضه نعتمد ما أمرنا به اعتقادا وعلما ونسكت عما لم نفهم من ذلك ونفوضه إلى الشارع ونعزل العقل عنه.
والمتكلمون إنما دعاهم إلى ذلك كلام أهل الإلحاد في معارضات العقائد السلفية بالبدع النظرية فاحتاجوا إلى الرد عليهم من جنس معارضاتهم واستدعى ذلك الحجج النظرية والبطلان فليس من موضوع علم الكلام ولا من جنس أنظار المتكلمين فاعلم ذلك لتميز به بين الفنين فإنهما مختلطان عند المتأخرين في الوضع والتأليف والحق مغايرة كل منه لصاحبه بالموضوع والمسائل وإنما جاء الالتباس من اتحاد المطالب عند الاستدلال وصار احتجاج أهل الكلام كأنه إنشاء لطلب الاعتداد بالدليل وليس كذلك بل إنما هو رد على الملحدين
والمطلوب مفروض الصدق معلومه وكذا جاء المتأخرين من غلاة المتصوفة المتكلمين بالمواجد أيضا فخلطوا مسائل الفنين بفنهم وجعلوا الكلام واحدا فيه كلها مثل كلامهم في النبوات والاتحاد والحلول والوحدة وغير ذلك.
والمدارك في هذه الفنون الثلاثة متغايرة مختلفة وأبعدها من جنس الفنون والعلوم مدارك المتصوفة لأنهم يدعون فيها الوجدان ويفرون عن الدليل والوجدان بعيد عن المدارك العلمية وأبحاثها وتوابعها كما بيناه ونبينه - والله يهدي من يشاء إلى صراط مستقيم -. انتهى كلامه.

زول

1 زَالَ, aor. ـُ (K,) and, accord. to the K, also يَزَالُ, which is rare, on the authority of Aboo-'Alee, but this is the aor. of زَالَ like خَافَ, [which has a different meaning from the former verb,] (MF, TA,) inf. n. زَوَالٌ (K) and زُوُولٌ (Lh, K) [which in all its senses except one mentioned below may app. be pronounced also زُؤُولٌ, like حُؤُولٌ for حُوُولٌ, pl. of حَوْلٌ,] and زَوِيلٌ and زَوْلٌ, (K, TA,) the last thus, with fet-h, accord. to a rule of the K, but in some of the copies زُولٌ, with damm, (TA,) and زَوَلَانٌ, (K,) It went away; passed away; departed; removed; shifted; (K, TA;) was, or became, remote, or absent; ceased to be or exist, or came to nought; (TA;) as also ↓ اِزْوَلَّ, inf. n. اِزْوِلَالٌ; (K;) or, accord. to the O, ↓ اِزْوَأَلَّ, like اِطْمَأَنَّ. (TA.) [See also 7.] Hence, الدُّنْيَا وَشِيكَةُ الزَّوَالِ [The world, or worldly enjoyment or good, is quick in passing away, or coming to nought]. (TA.) And زال زَوَالُهُ, and زَوَالُهَا: see زَوَالٌ: and for the former see also زَوِيلٌ. and زال زَوِيلُهُ, and زَوِيلُهَا: see زَوِيلٌ. And زال الشَّىْءُ عَنْ مَكَانِهِ, (S, TA,) or مَوْضِعِهِ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ inf. n. زَوَالٌ (S, Msb, TA) &c., as above, (TA,) The thing removed, went away, [or ceased,] from its place; it left, or quitted, its place. (TA.) And زُلْتُ عَنْ مَكَانِى, inf. n. زَوَالٌ and زُوُولٌ, [I went away, &c., from my place.] (K.) [and زال عَنْهُ, said of any affection of the mind or body, It went away, passed away, or ceased, from him; it left him, or quitted him.] And زَالُوا عَنْ مَكَانِهِمْ They turned away from their place; or returned, or went back, and fled, from it. (TA.) and زال عَنِ الرَّأْىِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. زُوُولٌ, [He turned, or swerved, from the opinion, or judgment, or sentiment.] (Lh, TA.) And زال alone, aor. ـُ He, or it, quitted his, or its, place. (AHeyth, TA.) And He removed from one town, or country, to another. (TA.) And زالت الخَيْلُ بِرُكْبَانِهَا, (K,) inf. n. زِيَالٌ, (TA,) The horses removed from their place with their riders. (K, TA. [Said in the TA to be tropical; but I see not why.]) b2: Hence, زالت الشَّمْسُ, inf. n. زَوَالٌ and زُوُولٌ, without ء, (K,) as Th says, (TA,) and زِيَالٌ and زَوَلَانٌ, (tropical:) The sun declined from the meridian. (K, TA.) [And sometimes it signifies (assumed tropical:) The sun set: see 1 in art. دلك.] b3: And hence, but not with زُوُولٌ for an inf. n. in the senses expl. in this sentence and the next following it, (TA,) زال النَّهَارُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. زَوَالٌ (TA) [and app. زِيَالٌ and زَوَلَانٌ], (tropical:) (tropical:) The day became advanced, the sun being somewhat high; syn. اِرْتَفَعَ: (K, TA:) or, as some say, went away; or departed. (TA.) And زال الظِّلُّ, (TA,) or الظِّلِّ ↓ زال زَائِلُ, (K, TA,) (tropical:) (tropical:) The sun became high, and the shade contracted, or decreased, or went away, at midday. (K, * TA.) b4: زال ظعنهم, [thus in the TK (ed. of Boolák), i. e. ظَعْنُهُمْ, thus in the K, and thus only, the verb being indicated by a preceding phrase; in the TA زالت ظعنهم. which is an evident mistranscription;] inf. n. زَيْلُولَةٌ, (K,) like قَيْلُولَةٌ [an inf. n. of قَالَ, aor. ـِ but more properly compared to دَيْمُومَةٌ, an inf. n. of دَامَ, aor. ـُ (TA;) [a phrase which may be rendered Their journeying ceased for a while;] expl. as meaning اِئْتَوَوْا مَكَانَهُمْ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُمْ [i. e. they abode in their place: then an opinion occurred to them different from their former opinion, so that it turned them therefrom, inducing them to remove]: (K:) in the K is added عَنْهُ; but this should be omitted: the passage is taken from the M; in which عَنْهُ refers to Lh as the authority. (TA.) b5: زال [having for its inf. n., app., زَوَالٌ and زَوِيلٌ and زَوْلٌ (see the first of these below)] signifies also It moved; or was, or became, in a state of motion, commotion, or agitation; syn. تَحَرَّكَ: so in the saying, رَأَيْتُ شَبَحًا ثُمَّ زَالَ [I saw a bodily form or figure: then it moved, &c.]. (TA.) And one says, هُوَ يَزُولُ فِىالنَّاسِ, meaning He moves much among men, or the people, and does not remain still, or stationary. (TA.) b6: زَالَتْ لَهُ

↓ زَائِلَةٌ means شَخَصَ لَهُ شَخْصٌ [A figure seen from a distance rose to his view]. (TA.) b7: And زال بِهِ السَّرَابُ The mirage raised, or elevated, (رَفَعَ,) and made apparent, him, or it. (TA.) A2: مَا زَالَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا &c.: see in art. زيل.

A3: زال, aor. ـُ also signifies He affected acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect, cleverness, ingeniousness, skilfulness, knowledge, or intelligence: or did so, not having it: syn. تَظَرَّفَ. (IAar, TA.) [See also 5.]

A4: [As a trans. verb, it belongs to art. زيل, and app. to the present art. also.] See 4. You say, زال زَوَالَهُ, or زال اللّٰهُ زَوَلَهُ; and زال زَوَالَهَا: see زَوَالٌ. And زِيلَ زَوِيلُهُ and زَوِيلُهَا and زَوَالُهُ: see زَوِيلٌ: and for the first, see also زَوَالٌ. b2: And زالهُ He separated himself from him; (K;) as also زايلهُ. (S and K in art زيل [to which the latter exclusively belongs.]) 2 زَوَّلَ see 4: b2: and see also 5.3 زاولهُ, inf. n. مُزَاوَلَةٌ (S, K) and زِوَالٌ, (K,) i. q. عَالَجَهُ [as meaning He laboured, exerted himself, strove, struggled, contended, or conflicted, with him, or it, to prevail, overcome, or gain the mastery or possession, or to effect an object: and accord. to the KL and PS and some other lexicons, it signifies also he treated him medically; which is another meaning of عالجه; but of this meaning I have not found any ex.]: and حَاوَلَهُ [as meaning he sought to obtain it, or effect it; or did so by artful, or skilful, management]: (S, * K:) and طَالَبَهُ [he made a demand on him, or prosecuted a claim upon him]. (K.) [Accord. to the TA, it seems to be used properly in relation to real things, and tropically in relation to ideal things. One says, زاول الصَّيْدَ He strove to gain possession of, or to catch, i. e. he hunted, the animals of the chase. (See طَرَدَ.)] And زَاوَلْتُهُ عَنِ الأَمْرُ [I strove with him to avert him, or to turn him back, from the affair]. (S, in art. جحس.) Zuheyr says, فَبِتْنَا وُقُوفًا عِنْدَ رَأْسِ جَوَادِنَا يُزَاوِلُنَا عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَنُزَاوِلُهْ

[And we passed the night standing at the head of our courser, he striving with us to repel us from himself, and we striving with him to master him]. (S.) And a man said to another, who upbraided him with cowardice, وَاللّٰهُ مَا كُنْتُ جَبَانًا وَلٰكِنِّى

زَاوَلْتُ مُلْكًا مُؤَجَّلًا (assumed tropical:) [By God I was not a coward, but I strove, or sought, to preserve a possession appointed for a fixed time; i. e., to preserve my life though its term is fixed: see the Kur iii. 139]. (S.) One says also, يُزَاوِلُ حَاجَةً لَهُ i. e. يُحَاوِلُهَا (tropical:) [He seeks to accomplish a thing that is an object of want to him; or does so by artful, or skilful, management]: a tropical phrase. (TA.) and مَلِلْتُ مُزَاوَلَةَ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [I loathed, or was averse from, striving, or seeking, to accomplish this affair]. (TA.) 4 ازالهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِزَالَةٌ; (TA;) and ↓ زوّلهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَزْوِيلٌ; (O, TA;) and ↓ اِزْدَالَهُ, [originally اِزْتَالَهُ,] inf. n. اِزْدِيَالٌ (O,) this being syn. with إِزَالَةٌ; (K;) He removed it; made it to go away, pass away, depart, remove, or shift; (O, K, TA;) [and made it to cease to be or exist, or to come to nought: did away with it; annulled it: effaced, or obliterated, it:] and ↓ زِلْتُهُ, aor. ـَ and أَزِيلُهُ, [which see in art. زيل,] signifies the same as أَزَلْتُهُ and زَوَّلْتُهُ. (K.) You say, ازالهُ عَنِ المَوْضِعِ He removed it from the place. (MA: and the like is said in the K.) [And ازال عَنْهُ كَذَا He removed from him such a thing; made it to go away, pass away, or cease, from him; or to leave him, or quit him; he freed him from it, or rid him of it. and ازالهُ عن رَأْيِهِ He, or it, made him to turn, or swerve, from his opinion, or judgment, or sentiment.] And ازال اللّٰهُ زَوَالَهُ and زَوَالَهَا: see زَوَالٌ.

[See also 4 in art. زيل.]5 تزوّلهُ and ↓ زوّلهُ i. q. أَجَآءَهُ [He made him, or it, to come]: so says AAF, on the authority of Az: in the copies of the K, erroneously, أَجَادَهُ. (TA.) A2: And تزوّل, (K,) said of a young man, (TA,) He attained the utmost degree of acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect, or of cleverness, ingeniousness, skilfulness, knowledge, or intelligence. (K.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.]6 تزاولوا i. q. تَعَالَجُوا [They laboured, exerted themselves, strove, struggled, contended, or conflicted, one with another, to prevail, overcome, or gain the mastery or possession, or to effect an object]. (S, K. [See also 3.]) 7 انزال It was, or became, removed; or made to go away, pass away, depart, remove, or shift. (S, * TA.) b2: And انزال عَنْهُ He became separated from him. (K.) [See also 7 in art. زيل.]8 ازدالهُ: see 4, first sentence.9 ازولّ: see 1, first sentence.10 إِسْتَزْوَلَ [اِستزالهُ He looked at it to see if it quitted its place.] One says, اِسْتَحِلْ هٰذَا الشَّخْصَ وَاسْتَزِلْهُ, meaning Look thou at this figure seen from a distance to see if it move and if it quit its place. (AHeyth, O, TA.) Q. Q. 4 اِزْوَأَلَّ: see 1, first sentence.

زَوْلٌ an inf. n. of 1 in the first of the senses expl. above. (K, * TA.) b2: See also زَوَالٌ.

A2: As an epithet applied to a man, (S,) Light, agile, or active: acute or sharp or quick in intellect, clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent: (S, K:) at whose acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect, &c., one wonders: (ISk, S:) fem. with ة; (S, K;) said to mean skilful, knowing, or intelligent, (S, TA,) as also the masc., (TA,) and cunning: (S, TA:) and a servant-girl who is sharp and effective in the conveying of messages: and applied to a woman as meaning بَرْزَةٌ لِلرِّجَالِ [who goes or comes forth to men, and with whom they sit, and of whom they talk, and who abstains from what is unlawful and indecorous, and is intelligent; &c.: see art. برز]: (TA:) pl. masc. أَزْوَالٌ (K, TA) and fem. زَوْلَاتٌ; the former applied to young men, and the latter to young women. (TA.) b2: Courageous; (K, TA;) in consequence of whose courage, men are abashed (يَتَزَايَلُوا [as though زَوْلٌ in this sense belonged to art. زيل]). (TA.) b3: And Liberal, bountiful, munificent, or generous: (K, * TA:) pl. أَزْوَالٌ. (TA.) A3: (tropical:) A wonder, or wonderful thing: (S, K, TA:) pl. أَزْوَالٌ. (S.) One says, هٰذَا زَوْلٌ مِنَ الأَزْوَالِ (tropical:) This is a wonder of the wonders. (TA.) And one says also, [using it as an epithet,] سَيْرٌ زَوْلٌ (assumed tropical:) A journeying, or pace, wonderful in respect of its quickness and briskness or lightness: and شَتْوَةٌ زَوْلَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A winter, or winters, wonderful in respect of the severity and cold thereof. (TA.) [See also أَزْوَلُ.] b2: (assumed tropical:) A trial, or an affliction; syn. بَلَآءٌ. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A form, or figure, that appears in the night [and by which one is frightened: see مُزَاوَلٌ]. (TA.) (tropical:) A form, or figure, of a man or some other thing, that one sees from a distance: or a person: syn. شَخْصٌ: (K, TA:) as also ↓ زَائِلَةٌ: see 1, near the end of the paragraph. (TA.) A4: The فَرْج [i. e. the anterior pudendum, or the pudenda,] of a man. (K.) One says, كَشَفَ زَوْلَهُ [He uncovered his فرج]. (TK.) A5: And A hawk. (K.) زَوَالٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ زَوِيلٌ and ↓ زَوْلٌ (K) are inf. ns. of زَالَ [q. v.]. (S, Msb, K.) b2: and all signify Motion, commotion, or agitation. (TA in explanation of the first and last, and K in explanation of the second.) [Hence,] ↓ زَالَ زَوَالُهُ, or زَوَالَهُ ↓ زَالَ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) or اللّٰهُ زَوَالَهُ ↓ زَالَ, (S in art. زيل, and TA,) and اللّٰهُ زَوَالَهُ ↓ أَزَالَ, (S in art. زيل, and K and TA,) are imprecations of destruction, or perdition, or death, (S, K,) and trial, or affliction, upon him to whom they relate: (S:) or such are the [second and] third and fourth of these phrases: but the first is a prayer for one's continuance where he is, [or his continuance in life; lit.] meaning May his motion cease; [and hence, may he continue where he is, or continue in life:] and, as expl. by ISk, the [second and] third and fourth [lit.] signify May [He i. e.] God cause his motion to cease; [and hence, may He, or God, put an end to his life;] these phrases being similar to the saying أَسْكَتَ اللّٰهُ نَامَّتَهُ. (TA.) [Thus all four have virtually the same lit. signification. And the first has also another meaning; as will be seen below.] El-Aashà says, هٰذَا النَّهَارُ بَدَا لَهَا مِنْ هَمِّهَا زَوَالَهَا ↓ مَا بَالُهَا بِاللَّيْلِ زَالَ (S, TA,) [app. meaning This is the day-time: an opinion has arisen in her mind such as to turn her from her former opinion and induce her to absent herself, (بَدَآءٌ, I suppose, being understood after بَدَا لَهَا, like as it is after بَدَا لَهُمْ in the Kur xii. 35,) in consequence of her anxiety: what will be her case in the night? may it (her phantom) be absent, like as she is absent: for] the meaning is said to be, زَالَ الخَيَالُ زَوَالَهَا: IAar says, he disliked the phantom only because it roused his desire: or [زَالَ may be here syn. with

أَزَالَ, so that] the meaning may be اللّٰهُ زَوَالَهَا ↓ أَزَالَ [may God make her motion to cease]; and this is corroborated by the reading of AA, زَوَالُهَا, in the nom. case, [i. e. زَوَالُهَا ↓ زَالَ may her motion cease;] which makes this an instance of [the license termed] الإِقْوَآء: this, he says, is an old proverbial phrase of the Arabs, and El-Aashà

has used it as he heard it: others than AA read [زَوَالَهَا,] in the accus. case, without إِقْوَآء, holding the meaning to be, may her phantom be absent from us in the night like as she herself is absent in the day-time. (TA.) ↓ زَوِيلُهُ ↓ زِيلَ, likewise, means His motion ceased, or may his motion cease: or, accord. to Z, he became fixed, or motionless, from fear; or may he become so. (TA in art. زيل.) [See also another rendering of this phrase in the next paragraph.] One says also, وَالعَوِيلُ ↓ أَخَذَهُ الزَّوِيلُ Commotion, or agitation, (K, TA,) and disquietude of mind, (TA,) and wailing, or raising of the voice in weeping, overcame him. (K, TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph, in three places.

زَوِيلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.

A2: Also The side; syn. جَانِبٌ; and so ↓ زَوَالٌ: thus in the sayings, زَوِيلُهُ ↓ زَالَ and ↓ زَوَالُهُ ↓ زَالَ, meaning [app. His side became in a state of commotion, or it quivered,] by reason of fright: (K:) [or] زَوِيلٌ signifies the heart: so in the saying, زَوِيلُهُ ↓ زِيلَ [His heart became removed from its place]: (S:) a prov., applied to one whom an event that has disquieted him has befallen: as also ↓ زَوَالُهُ ↓ زِيلَ: (Meyd:) [see also two other renderings of the former phrase in the next preceding paragraph:] Dhu-r-Rummeh says, describing the egg of an ostrich, وَيَيْضَآءُ لَا تَنْحَاشُ مِنَّا وَأُمُّهَا مِنَّا زَوِيلُهَا ↓ إِذَا مَا رَأَتْنَا زِيلَ meaning زِيلَ قَلْبُهَا مِنَ الفَزَعِ [i. e. And a white thing (the egg which he is describing) will not take fright, and flee from us, or will not shrink from us, while its mother, when she sees us, her heart becomes removed from its place by fright in consequence of the approach of us]: (S in art. زيل, and Meyd:) or, as some relate it, مِنَّا ↓ زَالَ زَوِيلُهَا [which means her heart quits its place &c.]: (TA:) and the former reading may mean the same as this. (IB, TA in art. زيل.) زَوَّالٌ Having much زَوْل, i. e. motion. (TA.) b2: Accord. to J, it occurs in an أُرْجُوزَة, cited by AA, as meaning That moves much in his gait, but traverses a short space: but the right word in this case is زَوَّاك, as is shown by the rhyme. (IB, K.) زويلى, with damm, [app. زُوَّيْلَى, like قُبَّيْطَى

&c., for, as it is not said to be a dim., I know no other form of word with which to compare it,] A thing like a ladle, belonging to sailors. (TA.) زَائِلٌ [Going away; passing away; departing; transient; shifting; becoming remote, or absent; ceasing to be or exist; nonexistent: &c.: part. n. of زَالَ, q. v.]. b2: [Hence,] لَيْلٌ زَائِلُ النُّجُومِ [properly A starless night, or night of which the stars are absent: but expl. as meaning] (assumed tropical:) a long night. (Z, TA.) b3: زَالَ زَائِلُ الظِّلِّ: see 1.

زَائِلَةٌ [from زَائِلٌ, the ة being affixed to transfer the word from the category of epithets to that of substantives,] Whatever has a soul, (K, TA,) of animals; that moves (يَزُولُ) from its place: (TA:) or anything that moves; (K, TA;) that does not remain fixed in its place; applied to a man and to other things. (TA.) b2: زَوَائِلُ is its pl.: (TA:) and signifies [particularly] Animals of the chase. (K, TA.) b3: And [hence,] (tropical:) Women. (O, K, TA.) One says رَجُلٌ رَامِى الزَّوَائِلِ (assumed tropical:) A man knowing in respect of the diseases, or faults, (أَدْوَآء,) of women: (O:) or (tropical:) skilful in the making of women to incline to him: whence the saying of Ibn-Meiyádeh, وَكُنْتُ امْرَأً أَرْمِى الزَّوَائِلَ مَرَّةً

فَأَصْبَحْتُ قَدْ وَدَعْتُ رَمْىَ الزَّوَائِلِ (tropical:) [And I was a man having the art of making women to incline to me, once; but I have become such that I have relinquished the art of making women to incline to me]: this was a man who used to beguile women in his time of youthful vigour by his beauty; but when he became hoary and aged, no woman inclined to him. (TA.) b4: Also (tropical:) The stars: (K, TA:) because of their motion from the east and the west in their revolving. (TA.) b5: See also 1, near the end of the paragraph; and زَوْلٌ, last sentence but three.

زَوْلٌ أَزْوَلُ (S, * TA) has an intensive signification [i. e. (assumed tropical:) A great wonder; or a very wonderful thing]: (TA:) [or a wonderful event that happens to one, preventing his fleeing;] accord. to Abu-sSemh, أَزْوَلُ denotes the happening to one of an event such as prevents him from fleeing. (IB, TA.) مِزْوَلَةٌ A certain instrument pertaining to astronomers, by means of which is known the declining of the sun from the meridian: [a sun-dial: used in this sense in the present day:] a vulgar term: pl. مَزَاوِلُ. (TA.) مُزَاوَلٌ pass. part. n. of 3: one says, مَا زَالَ هٰذَا الأَمْرُ مُزَاوَلًا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ (assumed tropical:) [This affair ceased not to be striven, or sought, to be accomplished by means of their hands]. (TA.) A2: Also Frightened by a زَوْل, i. e. a form, or figure, appearing in the night. (TA.)

رحل

1 رَحَلَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـَ (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. رَحْلٌ, (S, Msb,) [He saddled the camel;] he bound, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or put, (M, K,) the رَحْل upon the camel; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ارتحلهُ. (K.) And رَحَلَهُ رَحْلَهُ He bound upon him his apparatus. (TA.) b2: Also, aor. and inf. n. as above, He mounted the camel: (T, TA:) and البَعِيرَ ↓ اِرْتَحَلْتُ I rode the camel, either with a قَتَب [or saddle] or upon his bare back. (Sh, TA.) b3: [Both of these verbs are also used tropically.] You say, رَحَلْتُ لَهُ نَفْسِى

[lit. I saddled for him myself;] meaning (assumed tropical:) I endured patiently his annoyance, or molestation. (S.) And رَحَلَ فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ بِمَا يَكْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one put upon, or did to, his companion that which he disliked, or hated]. (TA.) And [in like manner] ↓ ترحّلهُ means رَكِبَهُ بِمَكْرُوهٍ (tropical:) [He did to him an evil, or abominable, or odious, deed]. (K, TA.) And رَحَلَهُ بِسَيْفِهِ (tropical:) He smote him with his sword. (K, TA.) b4: And رَحَلَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا (assumed tropical:) Such a one mounted upon the back of such a one; as also عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ ↓ ارتحلهُ; [and ارتحلهُ alone; for] it is said in a trad., ↓ إِنَّ ابْنِى ارْتَحَلَنِى, meaning (assumed tropical:) Verily my son mounted upon my back, making me like the رَاحِلَة: (TA:) and if a man throws down another prostrate, and sits upon his back, you say, رَأَيْتُهُ مُرْتَحِلَهُ (assumed tropical:) [I saw him sitting upon his back]. (Sh, TA.) And [hence] ↓ ارتحل الأَمْرَ (assumed tropical:) He embarked in the affair. (TA.) and فُلَانٌ أَمْرًا مَا يُطِيقُهُ ↓ ارتحل (assumed tropical:) [Such a one embarked, or has embarked, in an affair which he is unable to accomplish]. (TA.) and الحُمَّى ↓ اِرْتَحَلَتْهُ (assumed tropical:) [The fever continued upon him]; a phrase similar to رَكِبَتْهُ الحمّى and اِمْتَطَتْهُ and أَغْبَطَتْهُ. (A and TA in art. غبط.) A2: رَحَلَ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) عَنِ المَكَانِ, (TA,) or عَنِ البَلَدِ, (Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. رَحْلٌ, (TA,) or رَحِيلٌ, (Msb,) or this latter is a simple subst.; (S, K, TA;) and ↓ ارتحل, and ↓ ترِحّل, (S, Msb, K,) عَنِ المَكَانِ, (K,) or عَنِ القَوْمِ; (Msb;) all signify the same; (S, Msb;) He removed, (Mgh, K, TA,) went, went away, departed, went forth, or journeyed, (Mgh, TA,) from the place, (K, TA,) or from the country or the like, (Mgh, Msb,.) or from the people. (Msb.) See an ex. of the first of these verbs in a verse cited in the next paragraph. ↓ ارتحل said of a camel, (K,) or ارتحل رَحْلَهُ, (TA,) signifies He journeyed, and went away: (K, TA:) [or he had his saddle put upon him:] and hence, ↓ ارتحل القَوْمُ The people, or party, removed. (TA.) b2: رَحَلَ بِهِ: see 2.2 رَحَّلْتُهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَرْحِيلٌ; (K;) and ↓ أَرْحَلْتُهُ (Mgh;) I made him to remove, to go, go away, go forth, or journey, (S, Mgh, Msb, * K, *) from his place; and sent him [away]: (S:) and [in like manner] بِهِ ↓ رَحَلَ he made him to remove, go away, depart, or journey: (L in art. خذرف:) and ↓ الاِرْتِحَالُ [if not a mistranscription for الإِرْحَالُ] signifies the making [one] to go, go away, depart, go forth, or journey; and the removing from one's place. (TA.) A poet says, الشَّيْبُ عَنْ دَارٍ يَحُلُّ بِهَا ↓ لَا يَرْحَلُ حَتَّى يُرَحَّلَ عَنْهَا صَاحِبُ الدَّارِ [(assumed tropical:) Hoariness will not depart from a dwelling in which it alights until the owner of the dwelling be made to depart from it]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. that, at the approach of the hour [of resurrection], النَّاسَ ↓ تَخْرُجُ نَارٌ مِنْ عَدَنَ تُرْحِلُ, i.e. [A fire shall issue from 'Adan] that shall remove with the people when they remove, and alight with them when they alight: so says EshShaabee; or, Sh says, as some relate it, تُرَحِّلُ النَّاسَ, i.e. that shall make the people to alight at the مَرَاحِل [or stations]: or, as some say, that shall make the people to remove, or depart. (TA.) A2: تَرْحِيلٌ also signifies The figuring, or embellishing, of garments or cloths [with the forms of رِحَال, or camels' saddles: see مُرَحَّلٌ]. (TA.) 3 راحلهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. مُرَاحَلَةٌ, (TA,) He aided him to undertake, or perform, his رِحْلَة [or journey]. (S, K.) 4 ارحل He broke, or trained, a she-camel, so that she became such as is termed رَاحِلَة, meaning fit to be saddled; (K;) like أَمْهَرَ meaning “ he (a breaker, or trainer,) rendered ” her “ a مَهْرِيَّة: ” (TA:) or he took a camel in an untractable state and rendered him such as is termed رَاحِلَة. (Az, TA.) b2: And ارحلهُ He gave him a رَاحِلَة, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) that he might ride it. (TA.) b3: See also 2, in two places.

A2: He (a camel) became strong in his back, [so as to be fit for the رَحْل (or saddle) or for journeying,] after weakness: (IDrd, K:) or he (a camel) became fat; as though there came [what resembled] a رَحْل upon his back, by reason of his fatness and his [large] hump: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and ارحلت الإِبِلُ The camels became fat after leanness, so as to be able to journey. (S K.) b2: And He (a man, TA) had many [camels such as are termed]

رَوَاحِل [pl. of رَاحِلَةٌ]; (ISd, K;) like أَعْرَبَ meaning “ he had horses such as are termed عِرَاب ” (ISd, TA.) 5 تَرَحَّلَ trans. and intrans.: see 1, in two places.6 تراحلوا إِلَى الحَكَمِ They went, or journeyed, [together] to the حَكَم [or judge]. (O, TA.) 8 إِرْتَحَلَ as a trans. v.; see 1, in seven places: b2: and see also 2: b3: and as an intrans. v.; see 1, in the latter part of the paragraph, in three places.10 استرحلهُ i. q. سَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْحَلَ لَهُ [which may be rendered He asked him to remove, or journey, to him: and also he asked him to bind, or put, the رَحْل (or saddle of the camel) for him: the former is the meaning accord. to the PS]. (S, O, K.) b2: استرحل النَّاسَ نَفْسَهُ means (assumed tropical:) He abased himself to men, or to the people, so that they annoyed, or molested, him: or, as some say, he asked men, or the people, to take off from him his weight, or burden. (TA.) رَحْلٌ A saddle for a camel; (S, * K;) as also ↓ رَاحُولٌ; (O, L, K;) for a he-camel and a she-camel; (TA;) the thing for the camel that is like the سَرْج for the horse or similar beast; (Mgh;) the thing that is put upon the camel for the purpose of riding thereon; (Er-Rághib, TA;) smaller than the قَتَب; (S, TA;) one of the vehicles of men, exclusively of women: (TA:) [this seems to be regarded as the primary signification by the authors of the Mgh and the K and by Er-Rághib: but see what follows:] or it signifies the camel's saddle together with his [girths called] رَبَض and حَقَب and his [cloth called] حِلْس [that is put beneath the saddle], and all its other appertenances: and is applied also to the pieces of wood of the رَحْل, without any apparatus: (AO, Sh, TA:) or it signifies anything, or everything, that a man prepares for removing, or journeying; such as a bag, or receptacle, for goods or utensils or apparatus, and a camel's saddle, and a [cloth such as is called] حِلْس [that is put beneath the saddle], and a رَسَن [or rope for leading his camel]: (Msb:) or it signifies as first explained above, and also the goods, or utensils, or apparatus, which a man takes with him [during a journey]: (S, K, TA:) [but accord. to the Msb, this signification is from another, mentioned below; and the same seems to be indicated in the S, which reverses the order in which I have mentioned the three significations that I quote from it:] this last signification is disapproved by El-Hareeree, in the “ Durrat el-Ghowwás: ” [but see two exs. voce حُذَافَةٌ:] the pl. is أَرْحُلٌ and رِحَالٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) the former a pl. of pauc.; (S, TA;) the latter, of mult. (TA.) One says, حَطَّ رَحْلَهُ and أَلْقَى رَحْلَهُ [He put down his camel's saddle]; meaning he stayed, or abode. (TA.) And هٰذَا مَحَطُّ الرِّحَالِ [This is the place where the camels' saddles are put down]. (TA.) And in reviling, one says, يَا ابْنَ مُلْقَىأَرْحُلِ الرُّكْبَانِ [O son of the place in which are thrown down the camels' saddles of the riders; as though the person thus addressed were there begotten]; (S, O, TA;) meaning يَا ابْنَ الفَاجِرَةِ [O son of the adulteress or fornicatress]: (TA in art. لقى:) or هُوَ ابن ملقى ارحل الركبان [He is the son &c.]. (Msb.) b2: Er-Rághib, after giving the explanation mentioned as on his authority above, says that it is then sometimes applied to The camel [itself]: and is sometimes used in the sense next following; i. e. b3: A part, of a place of alighting or abode, upon which on sits: (TA:) or a man's dwelling, or habitation; (S, K, TA;) [in the first of which, this commences the art., app. showing that the author held this to be the primary signification;]) his house or tent; and his place of alighting or abode: (TA:) a place to which a man betakes himself, or repairs, for lodging, covert, or refuge; a man's place of resort; (Mgh, Msb;) in a region, district, or tract, of cities, towns, or villages, and of cultivated land: and then applied to the goods, utensils, or apparatus, of a traveller; because they are, in travelling, the things to which he betakes himself: (Msb:) pl. أَرْحُلٌ (TA) and رِحَالٌ [as above]. (Mgh, TA.) One says, دَخَلْتُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ رَحْلَهُ, i. e. [I went in to the man in] his dwelling, or place of abode. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِذَا ابْتَلَّتِ النِّعَالُ فَصَلُّوا فِى الرِّحَالِ, (TA,) or فِىلصَّلَاةُ فِى الرِّحَالِ, (Mgh, and so in the TA in art. نعل,) i. e. [When the نِعَال are moistened by rain, then pray ye, or then prayer shall be performed,] in the houses, or habitations, or places of abode; the نعال meaning here the حِرَار; (IAth, TA in the present art.;) or rugged and hard tracts of ground; which are here particularized because the least wet moistens them, whereas the soft tracts dry up the water: (IAth, TA in art. نعل:) Az says that the meaning is, when the hard grounds are rained upon, they become slippery to him who walks upon them; therefore pray ye in your abodes, and there shall not be anything brought against you for your not being present at the prayer in the mosques of the congregations: (TA in that art.:) or the trad. may mean, then pray ye [on the camels' saddles, i. e.] riding. (TA in the present art.) b4: In another trad., it is related that 'Omar said to the Prophet, حَوَّلْتُ رَحْلِىَ البَارِحَةَ; by the word رَحْل, as signifying [properly] either the “ place of abode and resort ” or the “ saddle upon which camels are ridden,” alluding to his wife; meaning غِشْيَانُهَا فِى قُبُلِهَا مِنْ جِهَةِ ظَهْرِهَا (TA.) b5: رَحْلُ المُصْحَفِ means The thing [or desk] upon which the مصحف [or copy of the Kur-án] is put, in shape [somewhat] like the saddle. (TA.) [It is generally a small desk of which the front and back have the form of the letter X; commonly made of palm-sticks.]

A2: [The pl.]

رَحَالٌ also signifies [Carpets, or cloths, or the like, such as are called] طَنَافِس, of the fabric of El-Heereh. (S, K.) رُحْلَةٌ Strength; [app. in a camel, such as renders fit for the saddle, or for journeying;] and fleetness, or swiftness, and excellence: (TA:) [and ↓ رِحْلَةٌ has a similar meaning, as appears from what follows:] or excellence of pace of a camel. (S voce حِضَارٌ.) You say بَعِيرٌ ذُو رُحْلَةٍ and ↓ رِحْلَةٍ, and ↓ مِرْحَلٌ, like مِنْبَرٌ, (K,) or ↓ مُرْحِلٌ, and ↓ رَحِيلٌ, so in the T, (TA,) A strong he-camel: (T, K:) and (so in the K [but properly “ or ”]) بعير ذو رُحْلَةٍ (CK) or ↓ رِحْلَةٍ (K accord. to the TA) or both, and ↓ مِرْحَلٌ, with kesr to the م (O,) and ↓ جَمَلٌ رَحِيلٌ, (AA, S, S, O, K, TA,) and ↓ نَاقَةٌ رَحِيلَةٌ (S, O) or رَحِيلٌ, (TA,) and ذَاتُ رُحْلَةٍ, (S,) a he-camel, (S, O, K,) and a she-camel, (S, O,) strong to journey; (S, O, K, TA;) so says Fr: (O:) or strong to be saddled: (TA:) and ↓ نَاقَةٌ رَحِيلَةٌ and رَحِيلٌ and ↓ مُرْحِلَةٌ, accord. to the “ Nawádir el-Aaráb,” a she-camel that is excellent, generous, of high breed; or strong, light, and swift; (TA;) and so ↓ مُسْتَرْحِلَةٌ. (K, TA. [See also رَاحِلَةٌ.]) b2: See also the next paragraph, in seven places.

رِحْلَةٌ The act of saddling of camels: (K, * TA:) [and also, agreeably with analogy, a mode, or manner, of saddling of camels:] so in the saying, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ الرِّحْلَةِ [Verily he is good in respect of the saddling, or the mode or manner of saddling, of camels]. (K.) b2: Also A removal, departure, or journey; (Az, S, Msb, K;) and so ↓ رُحْلَةٌ, (Lh, Msb, K,) and ↓ رَحِيلٌ: (S, K: [the last said in the Msb to be and inf. n.:]) you say دَنَتْ رِحْلَتُنَا (S) or قَرُبَتْ رِحْلَتُنَا (Msb) [Our removal, &c., drew near, or has drawn near]: and إِنَّهُ لَذُو رِحْلَةٍ إِلَى المُلُوكِ and ↓ رِحْلَة Verily he is one who journeys, or has journeyed, to the kings: (Lh, TA:) and in like manner رُحْلَةٌ is used in the Kur cvi. 2: (TA:) b3: or ↓ رِحْلَةٌ with damm, (S, Msb, K,) signifies The thing to which one removes, departs, or journeys; (Az, Msb;) or the direction, or point, or object, to which one desires to repair, or betakes himself: (AA, S, Msb, K:) and also, (K,) or رُحْلَةٌ, (TA,) a single journey; (K, TA;) as ISd says: (TA:) you say, ↓ مَكَّةُ رُحْلَتِى Mekkeh is the point, or object, to which I desire to remove, or depart, or journey: (TA:) and ↓ أَنْتُمْ رُحْلَتِى Ye are they to whom I remove, or depart, or journey: (S, TA:) and ↓ أَنْتَ رُحْلَتُنَا Thou art the object to which we repair, or betake ourselves. (Msb.) And hence ↓ رُحْلَةٌ is applied to signify A noble, or an exalted, person, or a great man of learning, to whom one journeys for his [the latter's] need, or want, or for his [the former's] science. (TA.) b4: See also the next preceding paragraph, in three places.

رَحُولٌ: see رَاحِلَةٌ: b2: and رَحَّالٌ.

رَحِيلٌ A camel having the saddle (رَحْل [not رحالة as in Freytag's Lex.]) put upon him; as also ↓ مَرْحُولٌ. (K.) b2: See also رُحْلَةٌ, in four places.

A2: As a simple subst, or, accord. to the Msb, an inf. n.: see رِحْلَةٌ.

رِحَالَةٌ A سَرْج [or horse's saddle]: (K:) or a سَرْج of skins, (S, M, Msb, K,) in which is no wood; used for vehement running [of the horse]: (S, M, K:) ISd says also that it is one of the vehicles [or saddles] of women, like the رَحْل: but Az says that it is one of the vehicles [or saddles] of men, exclusively of women, i. e. not of women; as is also the رَحْل: and some say that it is larger than the سَرْج, covered with skins, and is for horses, and for excellent, or strong and light and swift, camels: (TA:) pl. رَحَائِلُ. (S.) When a man is hasty in doing evil to his companion, one says to him, اِسْتَقْدَمَتْ رِحَالَتُكَ [lit. Thy saddle has got before thee, or shifted forwards]: (S in the present art.:) it is a prov., meaning that has preceded than which another was more fit to do so. (S in art. قدم.) In the following saying of Imra-el-Keys, addressing his wife, فَإِمَّا تَرَيْنِى فِى رِحَالَةِ جَابِرٍ عَلَى حَرَجٍ كَالْقَرِّتَخْفِقُ أَكْفَانِى

[And either thou wilt see me upon the saddle of Jábir, upon a bier like the vehicle called قَرّ, my grave-clothes fluttering], he means, by the word رحالة, [merely] the حَرَج; there being in this case no رحالة in reality: it is like the saying, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى نَاقَةِ الحَذَّآءِ, meaning [“ Such a one came upon] the sandal [or sandals]: ” Jábir is the name of a certain carpenter. (S.) A2: Also A ewe. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) [Hence,] رِحَالَهْ رِحَالَهْ is A call to the ewe, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) on the occasion of milking. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) b2: and الرِّحَالَةُ is the name of A certain horse of 'Ámir Ibn-Et-Tufeyl; (K;) erroneously said by AO to be الحمالة. (TA.) رَحُولَةٌ: see رَاحِلَةٌ.

رَحَّالٌ Skilled in the saddling of camels. (K.) b2: Also A man who removes, or journeys, or travels, much; and so ↓ رَحَّالَةٌ, [or rather this signifies one who removes, or journeys, or travels, very much,] and ↓ رَحُولٌ: and ↓ رُحَّلٌ [pl. of رَاحِلٌ, q. v.,] persons who remove, or journey, or travel, much. (TA.) رَحَّالَةٌ: see what next precedes.

رَاحِلٌ Removing, (K, TA,) going, [going away, departing, going forth,] or journeying: (TA:) pl. رُحَّلٌ. (TA.) For another meaning assigned to the pl., see رَحَّالٌ.

رَاحِلَةٌ A she-camel that is fit to be saddled; (S, Msb, K;) thus some say; (Msb;) as also ↓ رَحُولٌ (S, K) and ↓ رَحُولَةٌ: (K:) or [generally a saddle-camel, or] a camel that is ridden, male or female: (S, Msb:) accord. to IKt, a she-camel that is strong to journey and to bear burdens; and such as a man chooses for his riding and his saddle on account of excellence, or generousness, or high breed, or of strength and lightness and swiftness, and of perfectness of make, and beauty of aspect: but this explanation is wrong: (Az, TA:) it signifies a he-camel, and a she-camel, that is excellent, or generous, or high-bred, or strong and light and swift: (Az, Mgh, TA:) the she-camel is not more entitled to this appellation than the he-camel: (Az, TA:) the ة is added to give intensiveness to the signification; as in دَاهِيَةٌ and بَاقِعَةٌ and عَلَّامَةٌ, epithets applied to a man: or, as some say, the she-camel is so called because she is saddled; and it is like عِيشَةٌ رَاضِيَةٌ meaning مَرْضِيَّةٌ, and مَآءٌ دَافِقٌ meaning مَدْفُوقٌ: or, as others say, because she is ذَاتُ رَحْلٍ [one having a saddle]; and in like manner, عِيشَةٌ رَاضِيَةٌ meansذَاتُ رَضًى, and مَآءٌ دَافِقٌ means ذُو دَفْقٍ: (TA:) the pl. is رَوَاحِلُ. (S, Msb.) It is said in a trad., تَجِدُونَ النَّاسَ بَعْدِى كَإِبِلٍ مِائَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا رَاحِلَةٌ [Thou wilt find the people, or mankind, after me, like a hundred camels among which there is not a راحلة]: (Mgh, * TA:) because the راحلْ among a herd of camels is conspicuous and known. (TA.) b2: مَشَتْ رَوَاحِلِى, a phrase used by the poet Dukeyn, means (tropical:) I have become hoary and weak: or, as some say, I have forsaken my ignorant, or foolish, behaviour, and have restrained myself from foul conduct, and become obedient to my censurers; like as the راحلة obeys her chider, and goes. (TA.) رَاحُولٌ: see رَحْلٌ, first sentence.

رَاحُولَاتٌ A camel's saddle, (رَحْلٌ, Az, K,) or camel's saddles, so in the O, (TA,) variegated, figured, or embellished. (Az, O, K, TA.) [It is really, as well as literally, a pl.: for] a poet says, عَلَيْهِنَّ رَاحُولَاتُ كُلِّ قَطِيفَةٍ

[Upon them (referring evidently to she-camels) are variegated, figured, or embellished, saddles of every kind of villous, or nappy, cloth]. (TA.) أَرْحَلُ (tropical:) A horse white in the back; (S, Mgh, K;) because it is the place of the رَحْل [or rather of the رِحَالَة]; (Mgh, TA;) the whiteness not reaching to the belly nor to the rump nor to the neck: (TA:) and a sheep or goat black in the back: accord. to Abu-l-Ghowth, the fem., رَحْلَآءُ, applied to a mare, has the former meaning only: (S:) but شَاةٌ رَحْلَآءُ means a sheep or goat, or a ewe or she-goat, white in the back, and black in the other parts; and likewise black in the back, and white in the other parts: (S, K: *) so says Abu-l-Ghowth: (S:) and it is also explained as meaning black, but white in the place of the saddle, from the hinder parts of the shoulderblades: also as meaning white, but black in the back: Az adds that such as is white in one of the hind legs is termed رَجْلَآءُ [with جيم]. (TA.) تَرْحِيلٌ (assumed tropical:) A whiteness predominating over, or interrupted by, blackness, (شُهْبَةٌ,) or a redness, upon the shoulder-blades, (K, TA,) the place upon which lies the رَحْل [or camel's saddle]. (TA.) تَرْحِيلَةٌ A thing that makes thee to remove, go, go away, depart, go forth, or journey; expl. by مَا يُرَحّلُكَ. (TA.) مُرْحِلٌ One who breaks, or trains, and renders fit to be saddled, a camel or camels. (TA.) b2: A man having many [camels such as are termed]

رَوَاحِل [pl. of رَاحِلَةٌ]; like مُعْرِبٌ meaning “ having horses such as are termed عِرَاب ” (A'Obeyd, S.) A2: A camel strong in the back, [so as to be fit for the رَحْل,] after weakness. (IDrd, TA.) and A fat camel; though he be not excellent, or generous, or high-bred, or strong and light and swift: so in the “ Nawádir el-Aaráb. ” (TA.) See also رُحْلَةٌ, in two places.

مِرْحَلٌ: see رُحْلَةٌ, in two places.

مَرْحَلَةٌ [A station of travellers; i. e.] a place of alighting or abode, between two such places: (TA:) [and also a day's journey, or thereabout; or] the space which the traveller journeys in about a day: (Msb:) sing. of مَرَاحِلُ; (S, Msb, K;) which is also a pl. of مُرَحَّلٌ as an epithet applied to a بُرْد. (TA.) One says, بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَ كَذَا مَرْحَلَةٌ أَوْمَرْحَلَتَانِ [Between me and such a place, or thing, is a station or a day's journey or thereabout, or are two stations &c.]. (S, TA.) إِبِلٌ مُرَحَّلَةٌ Camels having their رِحَال [or saddles] upon them: and also camels whose رِحَال have been put down from them: thus having two contr. meanings. (K.) b2: And بُرْدٌ مُرَحَّلٌ A garment of the kind termed بُرْد upon which are the figures of a رَحْل [or camels' saddle], (K,) and the like thereof; as in the T: (TA:) the explanation that J has given of it, [or rather of مِرْطٌ مُرَحَّلٌ,] i. e. an إِزَار [or a waist-wrapper] of [the cloth called] خَزّ, upon which is an ornamented border, is not good: such is termed مُرَجَّلٌ, with جِيم: (K:) the pl. is مُرَحَّلَاتٌ and مَرَاحِلُ; both occurring in traditions; (TA in the present art.;) and the latter of them said in the T to be syn. with مَرَاجِلُ, which is pl. of مِرْجَلٌ [q. v.]. (TA in art. رجل.) مَرْحُولٌ: see رَحِيلٌ.

مُرْتَحَلٌ signifies [The act of removing or departing; i. e.] the contr. of مَحَلٌّ used in the sense of حُلُولٌ. (TA.) b2: And sometimes it signifies The place in which one alights, or descends and stops. (TA.) b3: Also The place of the رَحْل [which may here mean either the saddle or the saddling] of a camel. (TA.) الحَالُّ المُرْتَحِلُ: see art. حل.

مُسْتَرْحِلَةٌ, applied to a she-camel: see رُحْلَةٌ.

شمخ

1 شَمَخَ, (S, L, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شُمُوخٌ, (L,) It (a mountain) was high, or lofty. (S, L, K.) b2: Hence, (Har p. 442,) شَمَخَ بِأَنْفِهِ, (S, A, L, K,) and شَمَخَ أَنْفُهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (L,) He (a man) magnified, or exalted, himself; was proud; (S, A, L, K;) behaved proudly, or disdainfully; elevated his nose, from pride. (L.) [See also زَمَخَ.]

نِيَّةٌ شَمَخٌ (L, K) and ↓ شَمُوخٌ (L) A distant, far-reaching, or far-aiming, intention, purpose, or design; [in an action or a journey &c.;] (L, K;) as also نيَّةٌ زَمَخٌ and زَمُوخٌ. (L.) مَفَازَةٌ شَمُوخٌ A desert, or waterless desert, farextending; (K;) as also زمُوخٌ. (TA.) b2: See also شَمَخٌ.

شَمَّاخٌ: see what follows, in two places.

جَبَلٌ شَامِخٌ A high, or lofty, mountain; (S, A, L;) as also ↓ شَمَّاخٌ [but in an intensive sense, i. e. a very high or lofty mountain]: (L:) pl. جِبَالٌ شَوَامِخُ (S, A) and شُمَّخٌ. (A.) b2: Hence, شَامِخٌ signifies also Proud; (L, TA;) elevating the nose, from pride, or disdain: [like زَامِخٌ:] pl. شُمَّخٌ: (L, K:) and ↓ شَمَّاخٌ a man who magnifies, or exalts, himself much; or elevates his nose much, from pride. (L.) b3: And أُنُوفٌ شُمَّخٌ [Noses elevated, from pride]; like زُمَّخٌ. (S.) b4: and نَسَبٌ شَامِخٌ (tropical:) [A proud, or high, lineage]. (TA.)

أصل: أصَّل، يقال أصّل من، ففي المقدمة (2: 145) ((كل هذه الأخبار صحيحة على ما أصلته من الاحتجاج بأخبار عاصم)). أي على ما تحققته من الأدلة المأخوذة مما نعرفه عن حياة عاصم.
وذكرت في معجم فوك مادة Cautio ضمن، كفل، (انظر: تأصيل).
تأصل، يقال أموال متأصلة: أي أموال ثابتة غير منقولة، كالعقار والدور والارضين (أبو الوليد 210).
وذكرت في معجم فوك مادة Cautio ضمن، كفل، (انظر: تأصيل).
استأصل، يقال: ثغرة ليست مستأصلة أي ثغرة ليست لها أصل في الأرض (أخبار 2: 6).
أَصْل:- أصل عطائه: عطاؤه العادي (معجم البلاذري).
بلد أصوله: بلد أجداده (المقري 1: 529).
لسان أصل: اللغة الأم التي تتفرع منها لغات أخرى (بوشر). - أصل الماء: غاز الهيدروجين (بوشر).
ماء الأصول: ماء البزور، نقيع.
وأصل لا تستعمل دائماً بمعنى النسخة الأولى المعتمدة من الكتاب في قولهم أصل الكتاب كقول ابن البيطار (2: 542) في نقده مقالة ابن جزلة: هذه ترجمة كان الأولى أن تسقط من أصل الكتاب (ضد: نسخة صورة) وإنما تستعمل أيضاً بمعنى أي نسخة كانت من الكتاب. (انظر: فوك والمقري 1: 607) وفي رحلة العبدري (83و): ((فكلمته في قراءة جامع البخاري عليه، وأتيته بأصل منه اشتريته، فاستغرب حالي في ذلك وقال لي إن أردت أن تقرأ في أصلى وتوفر عليك ما تشترى به فافعل، فقلت أريد أن أقرأ هذا الكتاب في أصل يكون لي أرجع إليه)).
ويقال للشيء يملك فيه شبهة: فاسد الأصل. (رياض النفوس 102و) - ويقال في ضده شيء له أصل، ففي رياض النفوس (102و): ((فقلت له هذا زيت له أصل)).
والأصل: صفة الشيء جيدة أو رديئة (بوشر مادة acabit) والأغلب استعماله للصفة الجيدة، ففي ألف ليلة (1: 290): الأصول محفوظة، وقد ترجمها لين بما معناه: الصفات الشريفة التي تذكر. وربما كان رولاند يقصد نفس المعنى حين ترجم أصول بمعنى الطريقة المتبعة والنهج.
والأصل: الفسيل والشجرة كلها، ففي البكري (32): من النارنج ألف أصل (البكري 116، ابن العوام 1: 505 حيث يجب أن تقرأ أصول كما هي في مخطوطة الاسكوريال وكذلك في مخطوطة ليدن. وفي تاريخ البربر (2: 138): الأصل: الواحد من الكرنب ومن الخس ومن اللفت.
الأصول = أصول الدين (المقري 1: 486).
الأصلان: أصول الدين وأصول الفقه (المقري 1: 585، 621، 940، 3: 132). وفي حياة ابن خلدون (198ق) قرأ المنطق والأصلين على الشيخ أبي موسى. وفيه: أخذت عنه الأصلين والمنطق وسائر الفنون الحكمية والعقلية. وفي ص 202و: ثم قرأت المنطق وما بعده من الأصلين وعلوم الحكمة، وفي الخطيب 24ق: كان مضطلعاً بالأصلين قائماً على الــعربيــة. ومثله: الأصولان: دى ساسي مختار 1: 371، ابن الأثير 10: 400 وفيه: غارماً بأصولي الدين والفقه، غير أن الصواب عارفاً بدل غارماً كما هو مذكور عند النويري، أفريقية ص52ق والمقري 1: 551 (انظر: تعليقات).
وله أصل: بسبب (بوشر).
من أصل: مأخوذاً من، معتمداً على (بوشر).
أصلاً، (من غير أداة نفى): أبداً، قط لا أصلاً، جاء في المقدمة (2: 146): أخرج له مقروناً بغيره لا أصلاً، أي غير معتمد على سنده وحده. وكذلك جاء في ص149 منه.
أَصْلِيْ، أصْلِياً: أساسياً، جوهرياً (بوشر).
أَصْلاَني = أصلي، يقال البيت الأصلاني أي البيت الأصلي بيت الأجداد (ألف ليلة، برسلاو 10: 282) وفي طبعة ماكن: الأصلي.
أصيل: بمعنى كريم، شريف، يقال فرس أصيل أي كريم الأصل، ويجمع على أُصُل (ألف ليلة برسلاو 3: 384) وأُصَلاَء (المقري 1: 801، 802) وأصائِل (بوشر في مادتي Condition و race) - البر الأصيل: الأرض اليابسة، القارة (بوشر، ألف ليلة 1: 113).
أصالة: أصل، ففي الخطيب 4ق: ((وكل طبقة تنقسم إلى من سكن المدينة بحكم الأصالة والاستقرار، وطرأ عليها مما يجاورها من الأقطار)). وفيه: وذهبت إلى أن اذكر الرجل ونسبه وأصالته وحسبه ومولده (19ق وما يليها). ويراد به الأصل الكريم خاصة (فوك والخطيب 14ق) فالخطيب يقول بعد أن ذكر أسماء القبائل التي استقرت في غرناطة: وكفى بهذا شاهداً على الأصالة ودليلا على العروبية. وفيه 23ق: من بيت خير وأصالة - وبالأصالة: تماماً، كلياً (بوشر).
تأصيل، جمعه تأصيلات: سند، وثيقة اعتراف بدين (فوك مادة cautio، وانظر دوكانج cautio رقم 1).