ثنى: ثنى لفلان وسادةً: من مظاهر الأدب والاحترام للزائر. وتثنى له الوسادة ليرتاح في جلسته (ابن خلكان 10: 108، وانظر كوسج مختارات 133).
وثنى الثوب: عطفه ورد بعضه على بعض لتقصيره وخبنه - وثنى كعب الصرمة: طوى طرف الحذاء عند الكعب - وثنى حافية برنيطة: رفع حافتها وجدّدها (بوشر).
وثنى إليه: انعطف واتجه إليه (عباد 1: 57) وثنى بالشيء: فعله مرة ثانية، وأتبعه أمرا قبله (عباد 2: 103 وانظر 3: 206) غير أن لين لم يذكر إلا ثنىّ بتشديد النون في هذا المعنى. لكن ما جاء في بيت الشعر الذي ذكره ابن عباد هو ثنى الثلاثي كما يدل عليه الوزن.
ثَنَّى: حرث الأرض مرة ثانية (الكالا، انظره في ثلّث، ابن العوام 1: 66، 2: 128).
ثنّى به: سماه بعد الأول (المقري 2: 204) وهي ضد بدا التي وردت في السطر الذي قبله.
وثنّى بفلان: عامله كما عامل الأول قبله، ففي فريتاج مختارات (ص122): وكان السلطان قد قتل بالسيف أحد الأسيرين ولم يشك (الآخر) في إنه يثنّى به.
وثنّى له الوزارة: لقبه بذي الوزارتين ففي حيان - بسام (1: 192ق): كان له بسليمان اتصال فثنى له الوزارة مَثنْى.
وثنّى: قذف، قدح فيه، شنع عليه (الكالا)، وقد ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة lascivire أي عبث، لها، نزق.
أثنى، يقال أثنى بفلان (؟) ففي ابن حيان (ص49 ق): فكان أول من أظهر الخلعان بها وأثنى بأهل المعصية وسعى في تفريق الكلمة كريب بن عثمان بن خلدون.
وأثنى: كان ذا سمعة حسنة.
تَثَنّى: ذكرت في معجم فوكفي مادة duale بمعنى انثنى.
انثنى: تغضن، وانعطف وارتد بعضه على بعض (بوشر) وذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة lascivire أي عبث، ولها ونزق.
ثنية: طية، - وثنية الركبة أو الذراع: الموضع الذي تثنى (تطوى) منه الركبة أو الذراع. - وطية مضاعفة. وكفة الثوب ونحوه وهو ما ثنى وكف من أطرافه لتقصيره أو خبنه. وهدب الثوب يضاف إليه (بوشر).
ثَنَاء: صيت، شهرة حسنة (فوك) ثَنِيّ: مُهر بلغ السنة الثانية من العمر (ونزشتاين في زيشر 22: 74) - ومن له ثنيّان أي سنّان (فوك).
ثَنِيَّة: ترجمنا هذه الكلمة بلفظة- col ولو إنها تعني عادة محل مرور الطريق في شعاف الجبل (دوماس قبيل 316).
وثنية= عقبة، يقول بلجراف (1: 341): إنها عقبة أو منعرج، فحين يرتفع الجبل لا بد أن يكون الطريق في منعرج للمرور فيه.
وثنية: البرُت أو البرُتات في جبال الييرنية، وهي المواضع المنخفضة التي تتخذ طريقا بين أسبانيا وفرنسا، ويبلغ متوسط ارتفاعها 2766 مترا فوق مستوى سطح البحر، وهي ثنايا هذه السلسلة من الجبال (المقدمة 1: 119)، وأبن خلدون طبعة تورمبرج وفيه (ص9: (غربا والمفضية) وفي ص6 (الثنايا البقايا).
والثنية: الطريق، الدرب (همبرت 41 الجزائر).
والثنايا: أسنان مقدم الفم وأسنان اللبن وأول ما في الفم (بوشر).
ثُنَائِيّ. حديث ثنائي الإسناد: حديث نقل عن الرسول بواسطة سلسلتين من رواة الحديث، ففي العبدري (ص28 ق): قرأت عليه بعض الأحاديث الثنائية الإسناد من حديث مالك.
ثانٍ: من قِبَله (معجم هابشت ألف ليلة 3: 32، وأقرأ فيه 386 بدل 336؟ وثانٍ: مقابل، مواجه، ففي ألف ليلة (3: 56) في الكلام عن شاطئ نهر وغيره: الساقية الثانية أي الساقية المقابلة للجدول. وفيها (1: 771، 795): البر الثاني وفي (4: 674) منها: حتى وصل إلى البر من الجهة الثانية.
ثاني حشيش: خلف، رجيع (كلأ من الحشة الثانية).
ثاني عمارة: عمارة أعيد بناؤها.
ثاني مرة: ثانية، مجددا.
ثاني نبيذ: نطل، نبيذ العنب يصب عليه الماء، نبيذ دون.
كل يوم وثانيه: يوميا (بوشر)؟ قرأ ثانيا: قرأ حتى النهاية (الكالا).
ثانية: جمعها ثوان وثواني: جزء من ستين من الدقيقة (بوشر، محيط المحيط).
وفي كتاب عن الإسطرلاب يعود تاريخه إلى ما قبل القرن السابع للهجرة (مخطوطة 591، فهرست 3: 98): وتنقسم دوائرها إلى دقائق وثواني (المقري 1: 765، راجع إضافات وتصحيحات).
إثْنَيْنِيَّة ثنوية (المقدمة 3: 75) تَثْنِيَة (من مصطلح الجراحة) ويراد به إنه حين يوقف سحب الدم من فتحة الوريد، يعاد بعد ذلك إلى سحبه ثانية دون أن يبضع الوريد. ففي معجم المنصوري: تثنية: (كذا) هو المعاودة، والمراد بها في العضد وهو أن يقطع استخراج الدم قبل استيفاء الغرض ثم يترك ساعة أو يوما ثم يحل الموضع من غير تكرار بضع ثم يرسل الدم.
مثنى، يوم مثنى (تاريخ البربر 2: 395؟ ولا بد أن المراد به اليوم الثلاثين من شهر ذي الحجة، الذي تزيد أيامه في السنة الكبيسة يوما عنه في السنين الأخرى (تعليق الترجمة 4: 245 رقم 1).
المثاني: عند الكلام عن المثاني في القرآن قارن ما ذكره لين مع ما جاء في المقدمة (3: 323).
مَثْنِىّ: في حيان - بسام (1: 114ق) فتسمى بالوزارة في أيامه منفردة ومَثْنِيَّة ارذل الدائرة (الحرس) وأخابث النظار وهذا يعني تلقبوا بلقب الوزير وبلقب ذي الوزارتين. (أنظر ثنّى).
مثنية: نصف قطعة من البز (هوست 269).
استثناء: تقادم، حق اكتساب الملكية بمرور الزمن أو عدم النظر في الطلب وإقصاؤه في القضاء. وسقوط الدين لعدم المطالبة بدفعه في موعده المحدد (بوشر).

ثن

ى1 ثَنَاهُ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) said in the K to be like سَعَى, implying that the aor. is ثَنَىَ, but this is a mistake, (MF, TA,) [for it is well known that] the aor. is ثَنِىَ, (Msb,) inf. n. ثَنْىٌ, (S, M, Msb, &c.,) He doubled it, or folded it; (T;) he turned one part of it upon another; (M, K;) he bent it; (T, S, Mgh, Msb, TA;) he drew, or contracted, one of its two extremities to [or towards] the other; or joined, or adjoined, one of them to the other; thus bending it; (Mgh;) namely, a stick, or branch, or twig, (Mgh,) or a thing, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) of any kind. (T.) One says of a man with the mention of whom one begins, in relation to an honourable or a praiseworthy quality, or in relation to science or knowledge, بِهِ تُثْنَى الخَنَاصِرُ, (T,) meaning With [the mention of] him, (T, and Msb in art. خصر,) among others of his class, (Msb ib.,) the little fingers are bent. (T, and Msb ubi suprá. [For the Arabs, in counting with the fingers, first bend the tip of the little finger down to the palm of the hand; then, the tip of the next; and so on; bending the thumb down upon the other fingers for five; and then continue by extending the fingers, one after another, again commencing with the little finger.]) And a poet says, فَإِنْ عُدَّ مَجْدٌ أَوْ قَدِيمٌ لِمَعْشَرٍ

فَقَوْمِى بِهِمْ تُثْنَى هُنَاكَ لأَصَابِعُ [And if glory, or any old ground of pretension to honour, be reckoned as belonging to a body of men, it is my people, with the mention of them, in that case, the fingers are bent]; meaning that they are reckoned as the best; (IAar, M;) for the best are not many. (M.) One says also, ثَنَى وَرِكَهُ فَنَزَلَ [lit. He bent his hip, and alighted], meaning he alighted from his beast. (T.) and ثَنَى رِجْلَهُ عَنْ دَابَّتِهِ, meaning He drew up his leg to his thigh, and alighted. (M.) But قَبْلَ أَنْ يَثْنِىَ رِجْلَهُ, occurring in a trad., means Before he turned his leg from the position in which it was in the pronouncing of the testimony of the faith. (IAth.) ثَنَى صَدْرَهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, [lit. He folded his breast, or bosom,] means (assumed tropical:) he concealed enmity in his breast, or bosom: or he folded up what was in it, in concealment. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xi. 5], أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ يَثْنَونَ صُدُورَهُمْ, meaning [Now surely] they infold and conceal [in their bosoms] enmity and hatred: (Fr, T:) or they bend their breasts, or bosoms, and fold up, and conceal, what is therein: (Zj, T:) I'Ab read, صُدُورُهُمْ ↓ تَثْنَوْنِى: you say, اِثْنَوْنَى صَدْرُهُ عَلَى البَغْضَآءِ, meaning his breast, or bosom, infolded, or concealed, vehement hatred: (T:) or the phrase in the Kur, accord. to the former reading, means they bend, or turn, their breasts, or bosoms, from the truth; they turn themselves away therefrom: or they incline their breasts, or bosoms, to unbelief, and enmity to the Prophet: or they turn their backs: (Bd:) [for] b2: ثَنَاهُ, (T, S, Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (Msb,) and so the inf. n., (T, Msb, TA,) also signifies He turned him, or it, away or back. (T, S, Msb, TA.) Also He turned him, or turned him away or back, (Lth, T, S,) from the course that he desired to pursue, (Lth, T,) or from the object of his want: (S:) or you say, ثَنَاهُ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (Mgh,) and عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ, (TA,) and عَنْ مُرَادِهِ, (Msb,) he turned him, or turned him away or back, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) from his course, (Mgh,) and from the object of his want, (TA,) and from the object of his desire. (Msb.) One says also, فُلَانٌ لَا يُثْنَى عَنْ قِرْنِهِ وَلَا عَنْ وَجْهِهِ [Such a one will not be turned, or turned away or back, from his antagonist, nor from his course]. (T.) b3: Also He tied it; or tied it in a knot or knots; or tied it firmly, fast, or strongly. (TA.) You say, ثَنَيْتُ البَعِيرَ بِثِنَايَيْنِ, meaning, accord. to As, as related by A'Obeyd, I bound both the fore legs of the camel with two bonds: but correctly, I bound the two fore legs of the camel with the two ends of a rope; the last word meaning a single rope: (T:) عَقَلْتُهُ بِثَنْيَيْنِ means I bound one of his fore shanks to the arm with two ties, or tyings. (T, M.) b4: ثَنْىٌ [as inf. n. of ثَنَى] also signifies The act of drawing, or joining, or adjoining, one [thing] to another; (Lth, T, Mgh;) and so ↓ تَثْنِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ثنّى]. (Mgh.) b5: [As ثَلَثَهُمْ signifies “ he took the third of their property,” and “ he made them, with himself, three,” and other verbs of number are used in similar senses, so] ثَنَاهُ signifies He took the half of their property: or he drew, or adjoined, to him what became with him two: (TA:) or ثَنَيْتُهُ, (S, Msb,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Msb,) signifies I became (S, Msb) to him, (S,) or with him, (Msb,) a second; (S, Msb;) or I was a second to him, or it: (Er-Rághib:) or one should not say thus, but that Az says, (M,) هُوَ وَاحِدٌ فَاثْنِهِ (M, K [but in the latter, هٰذَا in the place of هُوَ, and in the CK, ↓ فأَثْنِه,]) he is one, and be thou a second to him. (M, K.) b6: ثَنَى, aor. as above, also signifies He made eleven to be twelve. (T in art. ثلث.) b7: ثَنَى الأَرْضَ, inf. n. as above, He turned over the land, or ground, twice for sowing, or cultivating: (Mgh, and A * and TA * in art. ثلث:) and ↓ تَثْنِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ثنّى] and ثُنُيَانٌ [app. another inf. n. of ثَنَى, and app. correctly written ثُنْيَانٌ] are often used by [the Imám] Mohammad in the sense of ثَنْىٌ: he who explains تَثْنِيَةٌ as signifying the turning over [the land, or ground,] for sowing, or cultivating, after the harvest, or as signifying the restoring land to its owner turned over for sowing, or cultivating, commits an inadvertence. (Mgh.) b8: فَاثْنِنِى, occurring in a poem of Kutheiyir 'Azzeh, is explained as meaning Then give thou to me a second time: (M, TA:) but this is strange: (TA:) [ISd says,] I have not seen it in any other instance. (M.) b9: لَا يَثْنِى وَلَا يَثْلِثُ, (a phrase mentioned by IAar, M,) or وَلَا يُثَلِّثُ ↓ لَا يُثَنِّى, or وَلَا يُثْلِثُ ↓ لَا يُثْنِى: see 1 in art. ثلث.2 ثنّاهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَثْنِيَةٌ, (S, K,) He made it two; or called it two. (S, M, MS b, K.) [Hence,] ثَنَّى means also He counted two; whence the saying, فُلَانٌ يُثَنِّى وَلَا يُثَلِّثُ; see art. ثلث: (A and TA in art. ثلث:) [and so, app., ↓ اِثَّنَى; for] a poet says, بَدَا بِأَبِى ثُمَّ اثَّنَى بِأَبِى أَبِى

[which seems plainly to mean He began with my father; then counted two with the father of my father]. (M.) b2: [He dualized it, namely, a word; made it to have a dual. b3: He marked it with two points, namely, a ت or a ى.] b4: He repeated it; iterated it. (Mgh.) See 1, in three places. b5: ثنّى لِامْرَأَتِهِ, or عِنْدَهَا, He remained two nights with his wife: and in like manner the verb is used in relation to any saying or action. (TA voce سَبَّعَ.) b6: ثنّى بِالأَمْرِ He did the thing immediately after another thing. (T.) b7: تَثْنِيَةٌ also signifies A man's requesting others [who are playing with him at the game called المَيْسِر] to return, for [a chance of] the stakes, his arrow, when it has been successful, and he has been secure, and has won. (Lh, M.) A2: See also 4.4 أَثْنَتْ, or ↓ اِثْتَنَتْ, She brought forth her second offspring. (TA in art. بكر.) b2: See also 1, in two places. b3: اثنى, (inf. n. إِثْنَآءٌ, TA,) He shed his tooth called the ثَنِيَّة; (S, Mgh, Msb;) he became what is termed ثُنِىّ; said of a camel [&c.]: (M, K:) he shed his رَوَاضِع [pl. of رَاضِعَة which is the same, in this case, as ثَنِيَّة]; said of a horse [&c.]. (IAar, T.) A2: اثنى عَلَيْهِ, (T, S, M, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِثْنَآءٌ; (T;) and ↓ ثنّى, inf. n. تَثْنِيَةٌ, accord. to the K, but this is a mistake for ↓ ثبّى, inf. n. تَثْبِيَةٌ; (TA;) He praised, eulogized, commended, or spoke well of, him: and he dispraised, censured, discommended, or spoke ill of, him: (T, * M, Msb, K:) the object is either God or a man: (T:) or it has the former meaning only: (M, K;) or the former meaning is the more common: (Msb:) accord. to IAar, اثنى signifies he spoke, or said, well, or good; and ill, or evil; and انثى, “he defamed,” or “did so in the absence of the object;” and “he disdained, scorned, shunned, disliked, or hated,” a thing: (T:) and you say, اثنى عَلَيْهِ خَيْرًا [He spoke, or said, well, or good, of him]; (S, and TA from a trad.;) and شَرًّا [ill, or evil], also. (TA from the same trad.) One says also, أَثْنَيْتُ فِعْلَهُ [I praised his deed]; meaning عَلَى فِعْلِهِ; or because أَثْنَى means مَدَحَ. (Ham p. 696.) 5 تثنّى: see 7. b2: Also He affected an inclining of his body, or a bending, or he inclined his body, or bent, from side to side; syn. تَمَايَلَ: (Har pp. 269 and 271:) and he walked with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side; or with a twisting of the back, and with extended steps; syn. تَبَخْتَرَ. (Idem p. 271.) Yousay, تثنّى فِى مِشْيَتِهِ (S, and Har p. 269) He affected an inclining of his body, or a bending, or he inclined his body, or bent, from side to side, in his gait. (Har ib.) [And in like manner, and more commonly, one says of a woman.]7 انثنى, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ تثنّى, and ↓ اِثَّنَى, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, (M, K,) originally اِثْتَنَى, (M,) and ↓ اِثْنَوْنَى, (T, S, K,) of the measure اِفْعَوْعَلَ, (T, S,) It was, or became, doubled, or folded; (T;) it had one part turned upon another; (M, K;) it was, or became, bent. (T, S.) b2: [Hence,] انثنى signifies also He turned, or turned away or back, (Har pp. 44 and 120,) عَنْ أَمْرٍ from an affair, after having determined to do it. (Lth in TA art. زمع.) 8 إِثْتَنَىَ see 7, and 4: b2: and see also 2.10 استثناهُ He set it aside as excluded; or he excluded it, or excepted it; مِنْ شَىْءٍ from a thing; syn. حَاشَاهُ: (M:) or he set it aside, or apart, for himself: and in the conventional language of the grammarians, [he excepted it; i. e.] he excluded it from the predicament in which another thing was included, or in which other things were included: (Mgh:) الاِسْتِثْنَآءُ [in grammar] is the turning away the agent from reaching the object of the اِسْتِثْنَآء: (Msb:) in the case of an oath [and the like], it means the saying إِنْ شَآءَ اللّٰهُ [If God will]. (Mgh.) [See ثُنْيَا.]12 اثنونى: see 7; and see also 1.

ثِنْىٌ A duplication, or doubling, of a thing: (T, * S, Msb:) pl. أَثْنَآءٌ; (S, Msb;) or the sing. may be ↓ ثَنًى. (Msb.) b2: A folding: so in the saying, أَنْفَذْتُ كَذَا ثِنْىَ كِتَابِى, (S, TA,) or فِى ثِنْىِ كِتَابِىِ (so in a copy of the S,) i. e., فِى طَيِّهِ [lit. I sent, or transmitted, such a thing within the folding of my writing, or letter; meaning infolded, or enclosed, in it; and included in it]. (S, TA.) b3: A duplicature, or fold, of a garment, or piece of cloth: (TA:) or what is turned back of the extremities thereof: (T:) pl. as above: whence, in a trad. of Aboo-Hureyreh, كَانَ يَثْنِيهِ عَلَيْهِ أَثْنَآءً مِنْ سَعَتِهِ [He used to fold it upon him in folds by reason of its width]; meaning the garment. (TA.) [Hence the saying,] وَكَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى أَثْنَآءِ كَذَا, i. e., فى غُضُونِهِ [lit and that was in the folds, meaning, in the midst, of such a thing, or such an affair, or event]. (TA.) And جَاؤُوا فِى أَثْنَآءِ الأَمْرِ They came in the midst of the affair, or event. (Msb.) [And hence, app.,] مَضَى ثِنْىٌ مِنَ اللَّيْل An hour, or a period, or a short portion, of the night passed; (M, K; *) syn. سَاعَةٌ, (Th, M, K,) or وَقْتٌ. (Lh, M, K.) [See also what is said below respecting its pl. in relation to a night.] b4: Also sing. of أَثْنَآءٌ meaning The parts of a thing that are laid together like the strands of a rope, or that are laid one upon another as layers or strata, or side by side as the things that compose a bundle; (قُوَاهُ, and طَاقَاتُهُ; [rendered by Freytag “ virtutes, facultates rei; ”]) and ↓ مَثَانٍ, of which the sing. is ↓ مَثْنَاةٌ and ↓ مِثْنَاةٌ, signifies the same. (M, K.) b5: Also A bending of the neck of a sheep, or goat, not in consequence of disease: (K: but in the M, ثَنْىٌ [inf. n. of 1]:) and a serpent's bending, or folding, of itself: (M, K:) and also (thus in the M, but in the K “or”) a curved part of a serpent that has folded itself; (M, K;) pl. أَثْنَآءٌ, (M,) i. e. the folds of a coiled serpent. (T.) The pl. is used metaphorically [as though meaning (tropical:) The turns] of a night. (M. [But see explanations of the sing. as used in relation to a night in what precedes.] b6: A part that is bent, or folded, or doubled, of a وِشَاح [q. v.]; (TA;) pl. as above: (T, TA:) and so of a rope: (S:) or a portion of the extremity of a rope folded, or doubled, [so as to form a loop,] for binding therewith the pastern of the fore leg of a beast, to serve as a tether. (T.) Tarafeh says, لَعَمْرُكَ إِنَّ المَوْتَ مَا أَخْطَأَ الفَتَى

لَكَالطِّوَلِ المُرْخَى وَثِنْيَاهُ بِالْيَدِ [By thy life, death, while missing the strong young man, is like the tether that is slackened while the two folded extremities thereof are upon the fore leg, or in the hand: see طِوَلٌ]: (T, S:) he means that the young man must inevitably die, though his term of life be protracted; like as the beast, though his tether be lengthened and slackened, cannot escape, being withheld by its two extremities: (so in a copy of the T:) or by ثنياه he means its extremity; using the dual form because it is folded, or doubled, upon the pastern, and tied with a double tie: (so in another copy of the T:) or he means, while its two extremities are in the hand of its owner: (EM p. 91:) by ما اخطأ, he means فِى إِخْطَائِهِ, (S in art. طول,) or مُدَّةَ إِخْطَائِهِ: and the ل [prefixed to the ك of comparison] is for corroboration. (EM ubi suprá.) You say also, رَبَّقَ أَثْنَآءَ الحَبْلِ, meaning He made loops in the middle of the rope to put upon the necks of the young lambs or kids. (T.) b7: Also A bend, or place of bending, of a valley, (S, M, * K,) and of a mountain: (S:) pl. as above: (M, K:) and ↓ مَثَانٍ [likewise] signifies the bends of a valley. (T, K.) A2: A she-camel that has brought forth twice, (S,) or two, (M,) or a second time: (K:) or, as some say, that has brought forth once: but the former is more analogical: (M:) one does not say ثِلْثٌ [as meaning “ that has brought forth thrice ”], nor use any similar epithet above this: (S, TA:) pl. ثُنَآءٌ, like ظُؤَارٌ pl. of ظِئْرٌ, accord. to Sb, (M, TA,) and أَثْنَآءٌ accord. to others: (TA:) in like manner it is applied to a woman, (S, M,) metaphorically: (M:) and to the she-camel's second young one: (S, M:) accord. to As, as related by A'Obeyd, a she-camel that has brought forth once: also that has brought forth twice: [so says Az, but he adds,] but what I have heard from the Arabs is this; that they term a she-camel that has brought forth her first young one بِكْر; and her first young one, her بِكْر; and when she brought forth a second, she is termed ثِنْىٌ; and her young one, her ثِنْى: and this is what is correct. (T.) [Hence the saying,] مَا هٰذَا الأَمْرُ مِنْكَ بِكْرًا وَلَا ثِنْيًا (tropical:) This thing, or affair, is not thy first nor thy second. (A and TA in art. بكر.) b2: See also ثُنْيَانٌ.

ثَنًى: see ثِنْىٌ, first sentence.

ثُنًى: see ثِنًى: b2: and see also ثُنْيَانٌ: b3: and اِثْنَانِ.

ثِنًى The repetition of a thing; doing it one time after another: (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA:) or a thing, or an affair, done twice: (S, Msb, TA:) this is the primary signification: (TA:) and ↓ ثُنًى signifies the same. (IB, TA.) It is said in a trad., لَا ثِنَى فِى الصَّدَقَةِ There shall be no repetition in the taking of the poor-rate; (IAth, TA;) [i. e.] the poor-rate shall not be taken twice in one year: (As, Ks, T, S, M, Mgh, K:) or two she-camels shall not be taken in the place of one for the poor-rate: (M, IAth, K: *) or there shall be no retracting of an alms; or no revoking it: (Mgh, K, * TA:) this last is the meaning accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, (Mgh, TA,) i. e. Ed-Dareeree, (Mgh,) who, in explaining this trad., as relating to the giving an alms to a man and then desiring to take it back, says he does not deny that ثِنًى

has the meaning first assigned to it above in this paragraph. (TA.) b2: See also ثُنْيانٌ: b3: and اِثْنَانِ.

ثَنْوَى and ثُنْوَى: see ثُنْيَا, in four places.

ثُنْيَةٌ: see ثُنْيَا, in three places.

ثِنْيَةٌ The lowest, most ignoble, or meanest, of the people of his house; applied to a man. (S, TA.) b2: Also pl. of ثُنْيَانٌ, q. v. (S, K.) ثُنْيَا a subst. from اِسْتِثْنَآءٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ ثَنْوَى; the former with damm, and the latter with fet-h: (S, Msb:) both are syn. with اِسْتِثْنَآءٌ [used as a subst., meaning An exception]; (T;) as also ↓ ثَنِيَّةٌ, (T, K,) or ↓ ثُنْيَةٌ, (accord. to one copy of the T,) and ↓ مَثْنَوِيَّةٌ: (T:) so in the saying, حَلَفَ يَمِينًا لَيْسَ فِيهَا ثُنْيَا and ↓ ثُنْوَى and ↓ ثَنِيَّةٌ or ↓ ثُنْيَةٌ and ↓ مَثْنَوِيَّةٌ [he swore an oath in which there was not an exception]; for when the swearer says, “By God I will not do such and such things unless God will otherwise,” he reverses what he [first] says by God's willing otherwise: (T: [see 10:]) [and so in the saying,] ↓ حَلْفَةٌ غَيْرُ ذَاتِ مَثْنَوِيَّةٍ a swearing not made lawful [by an exception]: (M:) [so too in the saying,] ↓ بَيْعٌ مَا فِيهِ مَثْنَوِيَّةٌ [and ثُنْيَا &c.] (K in art. لحج) a sale in which there is not an exception: (TA in that art.:) or ثُنْيَا signifies a thing excepted, (M, Mgh, K,) whatever it be; (K) as also ↓ ثَنْوَى, (M, K,) with و substituted for ى, (M,) or ↓ ثُنْوَى, (so in the TA, [but probably through inadvertence,]) and ↓ ثَنِيَّةٌ, (M, K,) or ↓ ثُنْيَةٌ. (TA.) In a sale, it is unlawful when it is the exception of a thing unknown; and when one sells a slaughtered camel for a certain price and excepts the head and extremities: (T, TA:) or when an exception is made from things sold without measuring or weighting or numbering: and in a contract with another for labour upon land on the condition of sharing the produce, it is when one excepts a certain measure after the half or the third. (IAth, TA.) The saying of Mo-hammad, مَنِ اسْتَثْنَى فَلَهُ ثُنْيَاهُ means Whoso maketh an exception, his shall be what he excepteth: (M, TA: *) as, for instance, when one says, “I divorce her thrice, save once: ” or “ I emancipate them, except such a one. ” (TA.) b2: It also means particularly The head and legs of a slaughtered camel; (T, M, * K;) because the seller of the camel used, in the Time of Ignorance, to except them; (T;) and IF adds, but incorrectly, the back-bone: (Sgh, TA:) whence, applied to a she-camel, مُذَكَّرَةُ الثُّنْيَا, (T, M,) meaning Resembling the make of the male in [the largeness of] her head and legs; (Th, M;) or جُمَالِيَّةُ الثُّنْيَا, having thick legs, like those of the male camel in thickness. (T.) [Also, app., The exception, or omission, of a day, in irrigation: see 3 in art. ثلث, and ثِلْثٌ in the same art.] and ↓ ثَنِيَّةٌ signifies also A palm-tree that is excepted from a bargain. (M, K.) And The martyrs whom God has excepted from those who shall fall down dead or swooning: (M, K:) these, accord. to Kaab, are اللّٰهِ فِى الأَرْضِ ↓ ثَنِيّةُ [those whom God has excepted on the earth]; (T, M;) alluded to in the Kur [xxxix. 68], where it is said, “and the horn shall be blown, and those who are in the heavens and those on the earth shall fall down dead, or swooning, except those whom God shall please [to except]. ” (T.) ثُنْيَانٌ The second chief; the person who comes second as a chief; (A'Obeyd, T;) the person who is [next] below the سَيِّد, (S, M, K, [in some copies of the K, erroneously, سيل,]) in rank; (S;) as also ↓ ثِنًى (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K) and ↓ ثُنًى (A'Obeyd, T, S, K) and ↓ ثِنْىٌ: (K:) pl. (of the first, S) ثِنْيَةٌ [which is also a sing., mentioned above]. (S, K.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce بَدْءٌ.] b2: A man having no judgment nor intelligence, or understanding. (M, K.) b3: Applied to judgment, or an opinion, (M, K,) (tropical:) Wrong, or having a wrong tendency; (M;) bad, corrupt, unsound, or wrong. (K, TA.) A2: Also a pl. of ثَنِىٌّ [q. v.]. (S, M, &c.) ثَنَوِىٌّ rel. n. of اِثْنَانِ, and of اِثْنَا عَشَرَ, when either or these is used as the proper name of a man; as also ↓ اِثْنِىٌّ [with ا when connected with a preceding word]; like بِنَوِىٌّ and اِبْنِىٌّ as rel. ns. of اِبْنٌ. (S.) b2: And الثَّنَوِيَّةُ [The Dualists;] the sect who assert the doctrine of Dualism [الاِثْنَيْنِيَّة]. (TA.) ثَنَآءٌ, [and accord. to the CK, ثَنِيَّةٌ, but this is a mistranscription for تَثْنِيَة, inf. n. of ثَنَّى, and تَثْنِيَة is a mistake for تَثْبِيَة, inf. n. of ثَبَّى, (see 4,)] Praise, eulogy, or commendation, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) of a man, (T, M,) and of God: (T:) and dispraise, censure, or discommendation, (T, M, Msb, K,) of a man: (T, M:) or the former only: (M, K:) or more frequently the former: (Msb:) so termed because it is repeated: (Ham p. 696:) that it relates to good speech and evil is asserted by many. (TA.) ثُنَآءُ and ثُنَآءَ: see مَثْنَى.

ثِنَآءٌ The cord, or rope, with which a camel's fore shank and his arm are bound together; (S, K;) and the like; consisting of a folded, or doubled, cord, or rope: each of the folds, or duplicatures, thereof would be thus termed if the word were used in the sing. form: (S:) Ibn-EsSeed [in the CK, erroneously, Ibn-Es-Seedeh] allows it; and therefore it is given as on his authority in the K: (TA:) and Lth allows it; but in this instance he allows what the Arabs do not allow: (T:) you say, عَقَلْتُ البَعِيرَ بِثِنَايَيْنِ, meaning I bound together the fore shanks and the arms of the camel with a rope, (S,) or with two ropes, (M, [but this is probably a mistake of a copyist,]) or with the two ends of a rope; (Az, T, S, M;) without ء because the word has no sing.: (Kh, Sb, T, S:) Lth allows one's saying بِثِنَآءَيْنِ also; but the Basrees and Koofees [in general] agree that it is without ء: (T:) IB says that it has no sing. because it is a single rope, with one end of which one fore leg is bound, and with the other end the other leg; and IAth says the like: (TA:) this rope is also called ↓ ثِنَايَةٌ; but a single rope for binding one fore shank and arm is not thus called. (T.) See also ثِنَايَةٌ. b2: And see ثَانٍ.

A2: The فِنَآء [or court, or open or wide space, in front, or extending from the sides,] (M, K,) of a house: (M:) [in the CK, الغِناءُ is erroneously put for الفِناءُ:] accord. to IJ, from ثَنَى, aor. ـْ because there one is turned back, by its limits, from expatiating; but A'Obeyd holds the ث to be a substitute for ف. (M.) ثَنِىٌّ Shedding his tooth called the ثَنِيَّة [q. v.]: (S, M, Msb:) or that has shed the tooth so called: (T, Mgh:) applied to a camel &c., as follows: (T, S, M, &c.:) or, as some say, to any animal that has shed that tooth, except man: (M:) fem. with ة: (T, S, M, Msb, K:) a camel in the sixth year; (T, S, M, IAth, Mgh, Msb, K;) the least age at which he may be sacrificed: (T:) and a horse in the fourth year; (IAar, T, Mgh, K;) or in the third year: (S, Msb:) and a cloven-hoofed animal, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or a sheep or goat and an animal of the bovine kind, [respecting which last see عَضْبٌ,] (T, IAth, K,) in the third year: (T, S, IAth, Mgh, Msb, K:) or a sheep and a goat, (M,) the latter accord. to the persuasion of Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], (TA,) in the second year: (M:) and a gazelle after the age at which he is termed جَذَعٌ: (M: [see شَصَرٌ:]) in all cases, after what is termed جَذَعٌ and before what is termed رَبَاعٍ: (Mgh:) pl. (masc., S, TA) ثُنْيَانٌ and ثِنَآءٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb) and ثُنَآءٌ, and, accord. to Sb, ثُنٍ; (M;) and pl. fem. ثَنِيَّاتٌ. (S.) الثُّنَىُّ, or الثُّنِىُّ: see اِثْنَانِ.

ثَنِيَّةٌ I. q. عَقَبَةٌ: (AA, M, Mgh, K:) or the latter means a long mountain that lies across the road, and which the road traverses; and the former, any such mountain that is traversed: (T:) so called because it lies before the road, and crosses it; or because it turns away him who traverses it: (Mgh:) or the road of what is termed عَقَبَة: (S; and so in copies of the K:) or a high road of what is thus termed: (K accord. to the TA:) or a road in, or upon, a mountain, (M, K,) like that which is termed نَقْبٌ [q. v.]: (M:) or a road to a mountain: (M, K:) or a mountain (M, K) itself: (M:) or a part of a mountain that requires one, in traversing it, to ascend and descend; as though it turned the course of journeying: (Er-Rághib, TA:) pl. ثَنَايَا: (T, S:) which signifies also [such roads as are termed] مَدَارِج. (T.) Hence the phrase, فُلَانٌ طَلَّاعُ الثَّنَايَا Such a one rises to eminences, or to lofty things or circumstances, or to the means of attaining such things; like the phrase طَلَّاعُ أَنْجُدٍ

[q. v.]: (S:) or, like the latter phrase, is accustomed to embark in, or undertake, or to surmount, or master, lofty and difficult things: (Mgh:) or is hardy, strong, or sturdy; one who embarks in, or undertakes, great affairs. (TA. [See an ex. under the heading of اِبْنُ جَلَا, in art. جلو: and see also art. طلع.]) b2: Also, (T, S, M, &c.,) pl. ثَنَايَا (T, S, Mgh, Msb) and ثَنِيَّاتٌ, (Msb,) One of certain teeth, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) the foremost in the mouth, (M,) [namely, the central incisors,] four in number, (T, M, Mgh, Msb,) to man, and to the camel, (T, M, &c.,) and to the wild beast, (M,) in the fore part of the mouth, (T, Mgh, K,) two above and two below: (T, M, Mgh, K:) so called as being likened to the ثَنِيَّة of a mountain, in form and hardness; (TA;) or because each of them is placed next to its fellow. (Mgh.) A2: Also fem. of ثَنِىٌّ [q. v.]. (T, S, M, &c.) A3: See also ثُنْيَا, in five places.

ثِنَايَةٌ A cord, or rope, of goats' hair (شَعَر), or of wool, (S, K,) or of other material; (K;) as also ↓ ثِنَآءٌ (K) and ↓ مِثْنَاةٌ and ↓ مَثْنَاةٌ; (M, K;) which last is explained by IAar as signifying [simply] a cord, or rope: (M:) [or] the first has the meaning assigned to it above, voce ثِنَآءٌ; syn. with ثِنَايَانِ: and signifies also a long rope; whence the saying of Zuheyr, describing the [she-camel termed] سَانِيَة, تَمْطُو الرِّشَآءَ وَتُجْرِى فِى ثِنَايَتِهَا مِنَ المَحَالَةِ قَبًّا رَائِدًا قَلِقَا (T,) meaning [She draws the well-rope, and causes to run,] with her ثناية upon her, (ISk, T,) [a wabbling, unsteady, sheave (?) of the large pulley;] the ثناية here being a rope of which the two ends are tied to the saddle (قَتَب) of the سانية; the [upper] end of the well-rope being tied to its ↓ مِثْنَاة [which here means the folded middle part]: (T:) but Aboo-Sa'eed says that it [here] means a piece of wood by which are connected the two extremities of the cheeks, or side-pieces, (طرفا الميلين, [the latter of which words I here render conjecturally, supposing it to be similar in meaning to القَعْوِ or القَعْوَيْنِ,]) above the محالة, and a similar piece below; the محالة and [qu. or] the sheave turning between the tow pieces thus called. (T, in a later portion of the art.) ثُنَائِىٌّ [a rel. n. from اِثْنَانِ, anomalously formed, but analogous with other rel. ns. from ns. of number, as رُبَاعِىٌّ ثُلَاثِىٌّ, &c., Of, or relating to, two things]. b2: كَلِمَةٌ ثُنَائِيَّةٌ A word comprising, or composed of, two letters; as يَدٌ, and دُمْ [or دَمٌ?]. (TA.) ثِنْتَانِ a fem of اِثْنَانِ, q. v.

ثَانٍ [act. part. n. of 1; Doubling, or folding; &c.]. Hence, هُوَ ثَانٍ رِجْلَهُ While he was bending his leg before rising, or standing up. (TA from a trad.) [And جَآءَ ثَانِىَ عِطْفِهِ: see art. عطف.] One says of a horseman who has bent the neck of his beast on the occasion of his vehement running, جَآءَ ثَانِىَ العِنَانِ [He came bending the rein by pulling it with both hands a little apart]: (T:) or جَآءَ ثَانِيًا مِنْ عِنَانِهِ [he came bending a part of his rein]. (S.) And of the horse himself, one says, جَآءَ سَابِقًا ثَانِيًا, i. e. He came outstripping, with bent neck, by reason of briskness; because when he is fatigued, he stretches out his neck; and when he is not fatigued nor jaded by running, but comes in his first run, he bends his neck: and hence the saying of the poet, وَمَنْ يَفْخَرْ بِمِثْلِ أَبِى وَجَدِّى

يَجِئْ قَبْلَ السَّوَابِقِ وَهُوَ ثَانِى

i. e. [And he who glories in the like of my father and my grandfather, let him come before the mares that outstrip,] he being like the horse that outstrips [all others], with bent neck; or it may mean, he bending the neck of his horse which has outstripped the others. (T.) [Hence also,] شَاةٌ ثَانِيَةٌ A sheep, or goat, bending the neck, not in consequence of disease. (M, K.) b2: [Also Second; the ordinal of two: fem. with ة.] You say, هٰذَا ثَانِى هٰذَا [This is the second of this]; i. e. this is what has made this a pair, or couple: (M:) and فُلَانٌ (T) or هٰذَا (S) ثَانِى اثْنَيْنِ, (T, S,) i. e. Such a one, or this, is [the second of two, or] one of the two; (T, S;) like as you say ثَالِتُ ثَلَاثَةٍ; and so on to عَشَرَة: but not with tenween: (S:) [i. e.,] you may not say ثانٍ اثْنَيْنِ: (T: [see ثَالِثٌ:]) but if the two [terms] disagree, you may use either mode; (S;) you may say, هٰذَا (S) or هُوَ (Mgh) ثَانِى وَاحِدٍ and ثَانٍ وَاحِدًا, (S, Mgh,) i. e. This has become a second to one, (S,) [or rather, becomes &c. (i. e. يَثْنِى rather than ثَنَى),] or he, or it, makes one, with himself, or itself, to be two. (Mgh.) ↓ ثِنَآء also signifies the same in a trad. respecting the office of commander, or governor, or prince; where it is said, أَوَّلُهَا مَلَامَةٌ وَثِنَاؤُهَا نَدَامَةٌ وَثِلَاثُهَا عَذابُ يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ إِلَّا مَنْ عَدَلَ, i. e. [The first result thereof is blame, and] the second [is regret, and] the third [is the punishment of the day of resurrection, except in the case of him who acts equitably]: so says Sh. (T.) b3: And الثَّوَانِى [pl. of الثَّانِيَةُ] signifies [The second horns;] the horns that are [next] after the أَوَائِل. (M.) b4: [ثَانِىَ عَشَرَ and ثَانِيَةَ عَشْرَةَ, the former masc. and the latter fem., meaning Twelfth, are subject to the same rules as ثَالِثَ عَشَرَ and its fem., explained in art. ثلث.]

أَثْنَآءٌ pl. of ثِنْىٌ and of اِثْنَانِ: and also syn. with this latter, q. v.

اِثْنِىٌّ: see ثَنَوِىٌّ.

اِثْنَانِ a noun of number; (S, Msb;) applied to the dual number; (Msb;) meaning [Two;] the double of وَاحِدٌ; (M, K;) with a conjunctive ا [when not immediately preceded by a quiescence, written اثْنَانِ]; (T, S, Msb;) but this is sometimes made disjunctive when connected with a preceding word by poetic license: (T, S:) of the masc. gender: (S:) fem. اِثْنَتَانِ, (T, S, Msb,) in which, also, the ا is conjunctive; (T, Msb;) and ↓ ثِنْتَانِ; (T S, M, Msb, K;) the latter sometimes used, (T,) [much less frequently than the former, though the only fem. form mentioned in the M and K,] and of the dial. of Temeem; (Msb;) like as one says, هِىَ ابْنَةُ فُلَانٍ and هِىَ بِنْتُهُ: (T:) the ت in the dual is a substitute for the final radical, ى, (M, TA,) as it is in أَسْنَتُوا, the only other instance of this substitution except in words of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ: (Sb, M, TA:) in اِثْنَانِ, the final radical, ى is suppressed: (Msb:) it has no sing.: (Lth, T:) if it were allowable to assign to it a sing., it would be اِثْنٌ [for the masc.] and اِثْنَةٌ [for the fem.], like اِبْنٌ and اِبْنَةٌ: (S:) accord. to some, (Msb,) it is originally ثِنْىٌ; (T, Msb, CK;) and hence the dual ثِنْتَانِ: (Msb:) or it is originally ثَنَىٌ, (M, Msb, and so in a copy of the K,) the conjunctive ا being then substituted for the ى whence the dual اثْنَانِ, like ابْنَانِ: (Msb:) this is shown by the form of its pl., which is أَثْنَآءٌ, (M, K,) like أَبْنَآءٌ [pl. of ابْنٌ, which is originally بَنَىٌ or بَنَوٌ,] and آخَآءٌ [pl. of أَخٌ, which is originally أَخَوٌ]. (M.) In the saying in the Kur [xvi. 53], لَا تَتَّخِذُوا إِٰلهَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ [Take not to yourselves two gods], the last word is added as a corroborative. (M.) The phrase ثِنْتَا حَنْظَلٍ occurs, by poetic license, for اِثْنَتَانِ مِنْ حَنْظَلٍ, meaning حَنْظَلَتَانِ [Two colo-cynths]. (S.) You say also, القَدَحِ ↓ شَرِبْتُ أَثْنَآءَ, and شَرِبْتُ اثْنَىْ هٰذَا القَدَحِ, meaning [I drank] twice as much as the bowl, and as this bowl: and in like manner, شَرِبْتُ اثْنَىْ مُدِّ البَصْرَةِ and اثْنَيْنِ بِمُدِّ البَصْرَةِ [I drank twice the quantity of the مُدّ of El-Basrah]. (M.) And a poet says, ↓ فَمَا حُلِبَتْ إِلَّا الثَّلَاثَةَ وَالثُّنَى

وَلَا قُيِّلَتْ إِلَّا قَرِيبًا مَقَالُهَا meaning [And she was not milked save] three vessels and two, [nor was she given her middaydrink save when her midday-resting was near.] (IAar, M.) b2: Hence, (Msb,) يَوْمُ الاِثْنَيْنِ, (S, Msb,) or الاِثْنَانِ alone, (M, K,) One of the days of the week; [the second; namely, Monday;] because the first, with the Arabs, is الأَحَدُ; (M;) as also ↓ الثِّنَى, like إِلَى; (K;) so in the copies of the K; [or,] accord. to some, ↓ الثُّنِىُّ, [originally الثُّنُوىُ,] of the measure فُعُول, like ثُدِىٌّ [pl. of ثَدْىٌ], is used in this sense; (TA;) or ↓ اليَوْمُ الثُّنَىُّ, [so in the M, accord. to the TT,] mentioned by Sb, on the authority of certain of the Arabs: (M:) the pl. is أَثْنَآءٌ and أَثَانِينُ, (M, K,) the latter mentioned on the authority of Th: but it has no dual: and those who say أَثْنَآءٌ form this pl. from الاِثْنُ, although this has not been in use: (M:) or it has neither dual nor pl., (S, Msb,) being itself a dual; (S;) but if you would form a pl. from it, you would regard it as itself a sing., and make its pl. أَثَانِينُ: (S, Msb:) IB says that أَثَانِينُ has not been heard [from the Arabs], and is only mentioned by Fr, on the ground of analogy; that it is far-fetched in respect of analogy; and that the pl. heard is أَثْنَآءٌ: Seer and others mention, as heard from the Arabs, إِنَّهُ لَيَصُومُ الأَثْنَآءَ [Verily he fasts on the Mondays]. (TA.) الثنين in يوم الثنين has no dim. (Sb, S in art. امس.) IJ says that the article ال in الثنين is not redundant, though the word is not an epithet: Abu-l-'Abbás says that the prefixing of the article in this case is allowable because the virtual meaning is اليَوْمُ الثَّانِى [the second day]. (M.) The saying اليَوْمُ الاِثْنَانِ means The name of to-day [is الاثنان]; and is like the saying اليَوْمُ يَوْمَانِ [to-day is two days] and اليَوْمُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ [to-day is fifteen of the month]. (Sb, M.) Sometimes, يَوْمُ اثْنَيْنِ, without the article ال, occurs in poetry. (M, K.) When a pronoun refers to الاثنان [as meaning Monday], this word may be treated in two ways, [as a sing. and as a dual,] but the more chaste way is to treat it as a sing., as meaning the day: (Msb:) [thus,] Aboo-Ziyád used to say, مَضَى الاِثْنَانِ بِمَا فِيهِ [Monday passed with what occurred in it]; making it sing. and masc.; and thus he did in the case of every day of the week, except that he made الجُمْعَة fem.: Abu-I-Jarráh used to say, مَضَى الاِثْنَانِ بِمَا فِيهِمَا, treating the word as a numeral; and thus he treated the third and fourth and fifth days, saying in each of these cases بِمَا فِيهِنَّ. (M.) b3: [اِثْنَا عَشَرَ, fem. اِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ; respectively, in a case of nasb and khafd, اِثْنَىْ عَشَرَ and اِثْنَتَىْ عَشْرَةَ; and with ا when not immediately preceded by a quiescence; mean Twelve: see عَشَرَةٌ.]

اِثْنَوِىٌّ, [with ا when not immediately preceded by a quiescence, in the CK erroneously written اَثْنَوِىّ,] One who fasts alone on the second day of the week. (IAar, Th, M, K.) الاِثْنَيْنِيَّةُ [The doctrine of dualism: see ثَنَوِىٌّ]. (TA.) مَثْنَى (S, Mgh) and ↓ ثُنَآءُ (T, S) [Two and two; two and two together; or two at a time and two at a time]: they are imperfectly decl., in like manner as [مَثْلَثُ and] ثُلَاثُ, as explained in art. ثلث; (S, TA;) [because] changed from the original form of اِثْنَانِ اثْنَانِ; (T, Mgh, TA;) or because of their having the quality of epithets and deviating from the original form of اِثْنَانِ; (Sb, S in art. ثلث, q. v.;) or because they deviate from their original as to the letter and the meaning; the original word being changed as above stated, and the meaning being changed to اِثْنَانِ اثْنَانِ. (S ibid.) You say, جَاؤُوا مَثْنَى and ↓ ثُنَآءَ (M, K) or مَثْنَى مَثْنَى, (S,) but this is a repetition of the word only, not of the meaning, (Mgh,) and in like manner one says of women, (M, K, *) i. e. They came two [and] two. (S, M, K.) And it is said in a trad., صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى, i. e. The prayer of night is two rek'ahs [and] two rek'ahs (رَكْعَتَانِ رَكْعَتَانِ). (TA.) [See also other exs. voce ثُلَاثُ.] b2: مَثْنَى الأَيَادِى The repeating a benefit, or benefaction; or reiterating it; conferring it twice, or thrice; (As, T, K;) or twice, or more than twice: (K:) or the shares remaining of the slaughtered camel (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K) in the game called المَيْسِر, (A'Obeyd, T, S, K,) which shares a bountiful man used to purchase, and give for food to the أَبْرَام, (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K,) i. e., those who took no part in the game, not contributing: (M:) or the taking a portion time after time. (AA, T, S, M.) b3: مَثَانٍ [is pl. of مَثْنًى as signifying A place of doubling, or folding &c.: and hence means b4: ] The knees and elbows of a horse or similar beast. (T, K.) b5: And The bends of a valley. (T, K. See ثِنْىٌ.) b6: And, as pl. of مَثْنًى, The chords of the lute that are after the first: (M, K:) or مثنى signifies a chord [of a lute] composed of two twists: or, as some say, the second chord. (Har p. 244. See مَثْلَثٌ.) b7: مَثْنًى also signifies The زِمَام [or noserein] of a she-camel: and Er-Rághib says that the مثناة [i. e. ↓ مَثْنَاة or ↓ مِثْنَاة] is the doubled, or folded, part of the extremity of the زِمَام. (TA.) b8: المَثَانِى as relating to the Kur-án is pl. of مَثْنًى, (Mgh,) or of ↓ مَثْنَاةٌ: (AHeyth, T, Mgh:) it has three applications, accord. to A'Obeyd: (T, Mgh:) it signifies The Kur-án altogether; (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, Mgh, K;) so in the Kur xxxix 24; (A'Obeyd, T, Mgh;) meaning that the mention of reward and punishment is repeated, or reiterated, in it; (Fr, T;) or so called because the verse of mercy is conjoined with that of punishment; (S;) or because narratives and promises and threats are repeated in it; or because one peruses it repeatedly without being wearied: (Mgh:) or it signifies, (M, K,) or signifies also, (A'Obeyd, T, S, Mgh,) [the first chapter, called] the فَاتِحَة, (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, Mgh,) or الحَمْدُ, (K,) which means the same; (TA;) so in the Kur xv. 87; (A'Obeyd, T, Mgh;) because it is repeated, or recited twice, in every [act of prayer termed a] رَكْعَة, (Fr, Zj, AHeyth, T, S,) or with every chapter, (Th, M,) or in every prayer; (Mgh;) or because containing praise of God: (Zj, T, Mgh:) [but see السَّبْعُ المَثَانِى voce سَبْعَةٌ:] or it signifies, (M, K,) or signifies also, (A'Obeyd, T, S, Mgh,) the chapters that are less than those containing a hundred verses, (S, M, Mgh,) or that are less than the long ones (الطُّوَل, q. v.), and less than those containing a hundred verses, (A'Obeyd, T, K, but in [most of] the copies of the K دُونَ المِأَتَيْنِ is put in the place of دُونَ المِئِينَ, which is the right reading, TA,) and more than [those of the portion called] the مُفَصَّل, (A'Obeyd, T, Mgh, K,) as is related on the authority of the Prophet by Ibn-Mes'ood and 'Othmán and Ibn-'Abbás; (AHeyth, T;) because, (Mgh,) or as though, (T,) occupying the second place after those containing a hundred verses: (T, Mgh:) or the chapters, (T, K,) six and twenty in number, (T,) entitled الحَجّ and القَصَص and النَّمْل and النُّور and الأَنْفَال and مَرْيَم and العَنْكَبُوت and الرُّوم and يَاسِين and الفُرْقَان and الحِجْر and الرَّعْد and سَبَا and المَلَائِكَة and إِبْرَاهِيم and صَاد and مُحَمَّد and لُقْمٰن and الغُرَف and المُؤْمِن and الزُّخْرُف and السَّجْدَة and الأَحْقَاف and الجَاثِيَة and الدُّخَان (T, K) and الأَحْزَاب, (K,) which last has been omitted by the copyists of the T: (TA:) or the chapters of which the first is the بَقَرَة, and the last is بَرَآءَة: or what is repeated, of the Kur-án, time after time. (M, K.) مَثْنَاةٌ; pl. مَثَانٍ: see ثِنْىٌ: and ثِنَايَةٌ: and مَثْنًى; the last in two places. b2: It is said in a trad. that one of the signs of the resurrection will be the public reading, or reciting, of the مَثْنَاة, (T, S,) which means That which has been desired to be transcribed from a source other than the Book of God: (T:) or a certain book, (T, K,) [the Mishna,] which the learned men, and the recluses, of the Children of Israel, after Moses, composed after their own desire, from a source other than the Book of God, as A'Obeyd says on the authority of a man learned in the books of the earlier times, (T,) containing the histories of the Children of Israel after Moses, in which they allowed and disallowed what they pleased: (K:) or what is sung: (K:) or what is called in Persian دُو بَيْتِى, (S, K,) which means two verses, each composed of a pair of hemistichs; (TA;) i. e. what is sung; but A'Obeyd explains it otherwise than thus: (S:) it is what is known among the 'Ajam by the term ↓ مَثْنَوِىٌّ, as though this were a rel. n. from مَثْنَاةٌ: the vulgar say [erroneously] ذُو بَيْت, with the pointed ذ. (TA.) مِثْنَاةٌ; pl. مَثَانٍ: see ثِنْىٌ: and ثِنَايَةٌ; the latter in two places: and see also مَثْنًى.

مُثَنًّى [pass. part. n. of 2. b2: Dualized: a dual. b3: مُثَنَّاةٌ فَوْقِيَّةٌ Marked with two points above: an epithet added to تآء to prevent its being mistaken for بآء or ثآء or يآء. And مُثَنَّاةٌ تَحْتِيَّةٌ Marked with two points below: an epithet added to يآء to prevent its being mistaken for بآء or تآء or ثآء.]

b4: الطَّويلُ المُثَنَّى (assumed tropical:) That which passes away [out of sight, or disappears,] by length; mostly used of a thing that is long without breadth. (TA.) مَثْنِىٌّ [pass. part. n. of 1; Doubled or folded &c.] b2: أَرْضٌ مَثْنِيَّةٌ Land, or ground, turned over twice for sowing, or cultivating. (Mgh, and A and TA in art. ثلث.) مَثْنَوِىٌّ: see مَثْنَاةٌ.

مَثْنَوِيَّةٌ: see ثُنْيَا, in four places.

صرع

1 صَرَعَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. صَرْعٌ (S, O, * Msb, K) and صِرْعٌ, (S, O, * K,) the former inf. n. of the dial. of Temeem and the latter of Keys, (S, O,) and مَصْرَعٌ, which is also a n. of place, [and, accord. to rule, of time also,] (S, O, K,) said of a man, (S, Msb,) He threw him down, or prostrated him, on the ground; (O, L, K, TA;) namely, a man. (T, TA.) And صَرَعَتْهُ is also said of a beast, [the pronoun referring to the rider,] meaning It threw him down. (TA in art. قمص.) Hence the saying, المَنِيَّةُ تَصْرَعُ الحَيَوَانَ (tropical:) [Death prostrates the animal]. (TA.) and مَثَلُ المُؤْمِنِ كَالخَامَةِ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ تَصْرَعُهَا الرِّيحُ مَرَّةً فَتَعْدِلُهَا أُخْرَى i. e. [The similitude of the believer is as the fresh, or juicy, plant of seedproduce,] which the wind bends at one time, throwing it from side to side, [and straightens at another.] (TA, from a trad.) And صُرِعَ الشَّجَرُ The trees were cut and thrown down. (TA.) b2: See also 3. b3: [Hence also,] صُرِعَ He was affected with the disease termed صَرْع [expl. below]. (Msb.) And He (a man) was affected with diabolical possession, or madness; inf. n. صَرْعٌ. (TA.) A2: See also 2, in two places.2 صرّعهُ, [inf. n. تَصْرِيعٌ,] He threw him down or prostrated him, on the ground, vehemently; namely, a man. (K.) A2: صرّع البَابَ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He made the door-way to have what are termed مِصْرَاعَانِ [i. e. a pair of folding doors]; as also ↓ صَرَعَهُ. (K, TA.) b2: And [hence,] صرّع الشِّعْرَ (tropical:) He made the poetry to have what are termed مِصْرَاعَانِ; as also ↓ صَرَعَهُ: (K, TA:) or التَّصْرِيعُ فِى الشِّعْرِ, (S,) or تَصْرِيعُ البَيْتِ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ, (TA,) is the making the first مِصْرَاع [meaning hemistich] to rhyme [like the second]; (S;) [i. e.] the making the last foot of the first hemistich like the last of the second [in rhyme]: (TA:) derived from the مِصْرَاع of the door-way. (S, TA.) 3 صَاْرَعَ ↓ صَارَعْتُهُ فَصَرَعْتُهُ, (S, Msb, TA,) inf. n. of the former مُصَارَعَةٌ and صِرَاعٌ, (Msb, TA,) I wrestled with him, each of us endeavouring to throw down the other, [and I overcame him in doing so, or and I threw him down.] (TA.) 5 تصرّع لَهُ (tropical:) He became lowly, humble, or abased, and abashed, to him; as also تضرّع: (Az, TS, TA:) or (tropical:) he lowered, humbled, or abased, himself to him: one says, مَا زِلْتُ أَتَصَرَّعُ لَهُ and إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) [I ceased not to lower, humble, or abase, myself to him] حَتَّى أَجَابَنِى [until he answered me, or gave me his assent]. (Z, TA.) 6 تصارعوا They wrestled, one with another, endeavouring to throw down one another; and [↓ اصطرعوا signifies the same; or] ↓ اصطرعا they two wrestled, each endeavouring to throw down the other. (TA.) 7 انصرع [He, or it, became thrown down, or prostrated, on the ground]. (Occurring in the K in art. جأث.) 8 إِصْتَرَعَ see 6, in two places.

صَرْعٌ an inf. n. of 1. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also, [as a subst., Epilepsy, or falling sickness: and sometimes, app., ecstatic catalepsy; a sort of trance into which a person falls:] a certain disease, (S, O, Msb, K,) well known, (S, O,) resembling madness, or diabolical possession, (Msb,) accord. to the Ra-ees [Ibn-Seenà, whom we call “ Avicenna ”], (TA,) preventing, but not completely, the vital organs from performing their actions [or functions]; the cause of which is an obstruction that occurs in one or more of the venters (بُطُون) of the brain and in the ducts of the أَعْصَاب [here meaning nerves] by which the members are moved, [arising] from an abundant thick or viscous خِلْط [or humour], whereby the رُوح [by which is here meant, as in many other instances, the vital spirit, or nervous fluid,] is prevented from pervading them in the natural manner, and consequently the members become [spasmodically] contracted. (K, TA.) A2: Also A sort, or species: and a state, condition, or manner of being: syn. ضَرْبٌ and فَنٌّ: (S, K:) of a thing: (K:) and so ↓ صِرْعٌ: and likewise ضَرْعٌ and ضِرْعٌ: (TA:) [See also صَرْعَةٌ:] pl. [of mult.] صُرُوعٌ (S, K) and [of pauc.] أَصْرُعٌ. (K.) One says, هُوَ ذُو صَرْعَيْنِ, meaning ذُو لَوْنَيْنِ [i. e. He, or it, has two sorts, or species: or two distinctive qualities or properties]. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, O, K.) and تَرَكْتُهُمْ صَرْعَيْنِ I left them changing from state to state. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) And لِلْأَمْرِ صَرْعَانِ, meaning طَرَفَانِ [i. e. There are two ways of performing the affair, either of which may be chosen]. (TA.) b2: See also صِرْعٌ, in three places. b3: صَرْعَانِ Two camels of which one comes to the water when the other returns from it, by reason of their [the camels'] multitude. (S, O, K.) b4: And [hence, perhaps,] الصَّرْعَانِ signifies The night and the day; (K;) [and] so ↓ الصِّرْعَانِ, with kesr, like الصِّرْفَانِ: (TA in art. صرف:) or the forenoon and the afternoon; from the first part of day to midday and from midday to sunset; each of these being termed صَرْعٌ: (S, O, K:) or the morning, between daybreak and sunrise, and the evening, between sunset and nightfall; as also العَصْرَانِ; (S and K in explanation of الأَبْرَدَانِ;) and some assert that it is formed by transposition from العَصْرَانِ: (TA:) or the two extremities of the day. (A, TA.) And one says, أَتَيْتُهُ صَرْعَىِ النَّهَارِ I came to him in the morning and evening; or between daybreak and sunrise and between sunset and nightfall. (S, O, K.) And لَقِيتُهُ صَرْعَىِ النَّهَارِ I met him at the two extremities of the day. (A, TA.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, كَأَنَّنِى نَازِعٌ يَثْنِيهِ عَنْ وَطَنٍ

صَرْعَانِ رَائِحَةً عَقْلٌ وَتَقْيِيدُ meaning As though I were one, i. e. a camel, yearning towards his place of abode, which an evening and a morning, in evening a binding of the fore shank to the arm and in the morning a shackling of the legs, turn [or keep] away from a settled abiding-place: or, as Aboo-'Alee relates it, رَائِحَةٌ, [as a partial substitute for صَرْعَانِ,] meaning, an evening, when there is a binding of the fore shank to the arm, and a morning, when there is a shackling of the legs; for they bind the camel's fore shank to his arm in the evening when he is lying down, and they shackle his legs in the morning so that he may pasture [but not stray]: another reading is صَرْعَاهُ [his morning and evening]. (TA.) b5: One says also, هُوَ صَرْعُ كَذَا i. e. حِذَآءَهُ [app. meaning It is over against, or corresponding to, such a thing]. (O, K.) صِرْعٌ an inf. n. of 1. (S, K.) A2: And i. q. مُصَارِعٌ. (K.) See the latter in two places.

A3: See also صَرْعٌ, former half. b2: [Also Either of two opposite conditions in which one is or stands &c. in respect of an affair or case.] One says, طَلَبْتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ حَاجَةً فَانْصَرَفْتُ وَمَا أَدْرِى عَلَى

أَىِّ صِرْعَىْ أَمْرِهِ هُوَ [I sought, or demanded, of such a one, an object of want, and then turned away, and I know not in which of the two opposite conditions he was in respect of his affair, or case]; i. e., his affair, or case, did not become apparent, or clear, or known, to me. (S, O, K. *) And a poet says, فَرُحْتُ وَمَا وَدَّعْتُ لَيْلَى وَمَا دَرَتْ عَلَى أَىِّ صِرْعَىْ أَمْرِهَا أَتَرَوَّحُ [And I went, and bade not farewell to Leylà, and she knew not in which of the two opposite conditions in respect of her affair, or case, I was going]; i. e., whether I went from her presence retaining attachment, or forsaking; (S, TA;) or, as Z says, in a condition of success or of disappointment. (TA.) b3: See also صَرْعٌ, in the middle of the paragraph. b4: Also A like; a similar person or thing; and so ↓ صَرْعٌ. (O, K.) One says, هُمَا صِرْعَانِ (S, O) and ↓ صَرْعَانِ (O) They two are likes: (S, O:) and so شِرْعَانِ, &c. (S.) And هٰذَا صِرْعُهُ and ↓ صَرْعُهُ This is the like of him, or it: and so ضِرْعُهُ and ضَرْعُهُ, &c. (IAar, TA.) b5: And A strand of a rope: (O, K:) and so ضِرْعٌ: (O:) pl. صُرُوعٌ (O, K) and ضُرُوعٌ. (O.) صَرْعَةٌ A single act of throwing down, or prostrating, on the ground; or a single suffering of prostration. (K, TA.) See also صِرْعَةٌ. b2: and A state, or condition: (O, K:) so in the saying, هُوَ يَفْعَلُهُ فِى كُلِّ صِرْعَةٍ [He does it in every state, or condition]: (O:) [see also صَرْعٌ:] or, accord. to the “ Mufradát ” [of Er-Rághib], the state, or condition, of him who is thrown down, or prostrated. (TA.) صُرْعَةٌ One who is often thrown down, or prostrated, by men. (K.) صِرْعَةٌ A mode, or manner, of throwing down, or prostrating; or of being thrown down, or prostrated: (S, * K, TA:) a word similar to رِكْبَةٌ and جِلْسَةٌ. (S.) Hence, (K,) one says, سُوْءُ الاِسْتِمْسَاكِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ حُسْنِ الصِّرْعَةِ [The bad manner of holding fast upon one's beast is better than the good manner of being thrown down, or prostrated]: (S, K:) i. e., when one holds fast, though he ride not well, it is better than one's being thrown down, or prostrated, in a manner that does not hurt him; because he who holds fast sometimes overtakes, but he who is thrown down will not attain: (TA:) a prov.: or, as some relate it, ↓ حُسْنِ الصَّرْعَةِ, which means the good manner of the single suffering of prostration. (K, * TA. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 623.]) صُرَعَةٌ One who throws down, or prostrates, others; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ صِرِّيعٌ and ↓ صُرَّاعَةٌ: (K:) or one who throws down, or prostrates, his antagonists much, or often; (TA;) and so ↓ صِرِّيعٌ, (S, O,) and ↓ صُرَّاعَةٌ, with damm and teshdeed, mentioned by Ks: (O:) or ↓ صِرِّيعٌ signifies one who throws down, or prostrates, vehemently, though he be not well known for doing so; as also ↓ صَرَّاعٌ and ↓ صَرِيعٌ, the latter like أَمِيرٌ [in measure, but this I think doubtful, probably added from finding صِرِّيعٌ mistranscribed]: or ↓ صِرِّيعٌ, accord. to the T, one whose occupation, whereby he is known, is the throwing down, or prostrating, others [as a wrestler]. (TA.) It is said in a trad. that the Prophet asked, Whom do ye reckon the صُرَعَة among you? they said, Him whom men will not throw down: and he said, He is not such, but is (assumed tropical:) he who governs himself on the occasion of anger: or, as some relate it, (assumed tropical:) the forbearing on the occasion of anger, (O, TA. *) صَرُوعٌ One who wrestles much with others, endeavouring to throw them down: (T, K, TA:) pl. صُرُعٌ. (K.) صَرِيعٌ i. q. ↓ مَصْرُوعٌ [meaning Thrown down, or prostrated, on the ground]: pl. صَرْعَى. (O, K.) b2: [And i. q. ↓ مَصْرُوعٌ meaning (as the latter is expl. in the Msb) Affected with the disease termed صَرْعٌ, q. v.] b3: And [i. q. ↓ مَصْرُوعٌ meaning] Affected with diabolical possession, or madness. (TA.) b4: One says also, بَاتَ صَرِيعَ الكَأْسِ (tropical:) [He passed the night prostrated by the influence of the wine-cup]. (TA.) b5: And رَأَيْتُ شَجَرَهُمْ صَرْعَى and ↓ مُصَرَّعَاتٍ (tropical:) I saw their trees cut down [and laid prostrate]. (TA.) And نَبَاتٌ صَرِيعٌ (tropical:) A plant, or plants, or herbage, growing upon the surface of the earth, not erect. (TA.) and غُصْنٌ صَرِيعٌ (tropical:) A branch falling down to the ground: (TA:) or a branch broken down and fallen to the ground: (Msb:) and [in like manner] one says ↓ غُصْنٌ مَصْرُوعٌ; and مَصَارِعُ is said to occur in a verse of Lebeed as pl. of the latter word, the reg. pl. of which is مَصَارِيعُ: but in that verse some read ↓ مُصَرَّع [which has a similar meaning. (TA. [See EM p. 157.]) b6: صَرِيعٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Slain: from the same word as applied to a branch and expl. above: pl. صَرْعَى. (Msb.) b7: And (tropical:) A twig, or rod, drooping, or hanging down, to the ground, falling upon it, but with its base upon the tree, so that it remains falling in the shade, the sun not reaching it, and therefore becomes more soft, or supple, than the branch [from which it depends], and more sweet in odour; and it is used for rubbing and cleaning the teeth [i. e. مَسَاوِيك are made of it]: pl. صُرُعٌ: (K, TA: [the pl. is thus in the L; but in some copies of the K صُرْعٌ:]) or, accord. to the T, the sing. signifies a twig, or rod, that falls from the tree called بَشَام [q. v.]; and the pl. is صُرْعَانٌ: the former pl. occurs in a trad., in which it is said that the Prophet was pleased to rub and clean his teeth with صُرُع. (TA.) b8: Also (tropical:) A bow from which nothing has been pared off: or of which the wood has dried upon the tree; (S, O, K, TA:) or this [latter] is only called صَرِيفٌ. (TA.) b9: And (tropical:) A whip, in like manner, (S, O, K, TA,) from which nothing has been pared off. (TA.) A2: See also صُرَعَةٌ.

صَرَاعَةٌ The quality of throwing down, or prostrating, vehemently. (TA.) صَرَّاعٌ: see صُرَعَةٌ.

صِرِّيعٌ: see صُرَعَةٌ, in four places.

صُرَّاعَةٌ: see صُرَعَةٌ, in two places.

صَارِعٌ act. part. n. of 1: pl. صَارِعُونَ and صَرَعَةٌ.

Hence,] قَوْمٌ صَرَعَةٌ A people, or party, who throw down, or prostrate, those with whom they wrestle. (TA.) مَصْرَعٌ A place [and accord. to rule a time also] of throwing down, or prostrating, on the ground: (S, O, K:) [pl. مَصَارِعُ.] b2: [And (assumed tropical:) A place of slaughter: for] مَصَارِعُ القَوْمِ signifies the places of slaughter of the people, or party. (TA.) A2: Also an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, O, K.) مِصْرَعٌ: see مِصْرَاعٌ.

مُصَرَّعٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v.]. One says, مَرَرْتُ بِقَتْلَى مُصَرَّعِينَ [I passed by slain persons thrown down, or prostrated, on the ground]: with teshdeed because relating to many objects. (S.) b2: See also صَرِيعٌ, in two places.

مِصْرَاعٌ Either half [i. e. leaf] of a door [meaning of a folding door]: (MA, * Msb, KL: *) either one of what are termed the مِصْرَاعَانِ of a door or door-way: (S, Msb:) مِصْرَاعَا بَابٍ means two doors that are set up, meeting together, the place of entrance thereof being in the middle of them [i. e. between them]: (T, O, K, TA:) [and in like manner, مِصْرَاعَا سِتْرٍ (occurring in the S in art. سجف) means the two separate halves, that hang side by side, so as to meet together, of a curtain; like the two leaves of a folding-door:] and the مِصْرَاع of a door [or curtain] is also called its ↓ مِصْرَع: (TA:) the pl. of مِصْرَاعٌ is مَصَارِيعُ. (MA.) b2: Hence, the مِصْرَاع in poetry; (S;) A hemistich: (MA, KL:) [this is the general meaning: in a more restricted sense,] مِصْرَاعَانِ in poetry means a single verse [i. e. a pair of hemistichs] having two rhymes: (T, O, * K, * TA:) [using it in the latter sense, i. e. as meaning a verse of which the former hemistich rhymes with the latter, which is app. the primary signification,] Aboo-Is-hák says, the مِصْرَاعَانِ are the two doors of the ode, like the مصراعان of the house, or chamber, or tent: and he says that the derivation of the word is from الصَّرْعَانِ meaning “ the two extremities of the day. ” (TA.) مَصْرُوعٌ: see صَرِيعٌ, in four places; where it is stated that مَصَارِعُ is said to occur as a pl. thereof; the reg. pl. being مَصَارِيعُ.

مُصَارِعٌ One who wrestles with another, endeavouring to throw him down; as also ↓ صِرْعٌ: you say, ↓ هُمَا صِرْعَانِ i. e. They are two persons wrestling together, each endeavouring to throw down the other. (K, * TA.)

تفث

1 تَفِثَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. تَفَثٌ, He left off, or abstained from, anointing himself, and shaving his pubes, and in consequence became dirty: (Msb:) or تَفَثٌ signifies the state of being dirty; (Mgh;) the state of having matted and dusty hair, or a dusty head, long left unanointed: (T, Mgh, K:) so in relation to the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage: (T, K:) thus explained by ISh; but not by any [other] of the lexicologists: he says that it is one of the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage; (T;) which is a conventional term of the professors, or lecturers, of the colleges: (Mgh:) accord. to I'Ab, it signifies the shaving, and shortening, or clipping, of the beard and mustache and [the hair of] the armpit, and slaughtering [of the victims], and casting [of the pebbles]: accord. to Fr, the slaughtering of the [victims termed] بُدْن, and other victims, namely, kine, and sheep or goats, and shaving the head, and paring the nails, and the like: (T:) AO says that no poem is adduced as presenting an ex. of it: (Msb, TA:) and Zj says that it is not known by the lexicologists except from the expositors of the Kur-án; (T, M;) who say that it is the clipping the mustache, and paring the nails, and plucking out the hair of the armpit, and shaving the pubes, and clipping the hair [of the head]: (T:) or the plucking out the hair, and paring of the nails, and deviating from all that is prohibited to the مُحْرِم: (M:) as though it were a passing from the state of إِحْرَام to the state of إِحْلَال: (T, M:) or, in the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, the doing such things as paring the nails, and clipping the mustache, and shaving the pubes (S, K) and the head, and casting the pebbles, and slaughtering the بُدْن, (S,) &c.: (S, K: [but in two copies of the S, this art. is omitted:]) or the doing away with the matted and dusty state of the hair, and pollution and dirt, absolutely. (TA.) Accord. to ISh, قَضَآءُ التَّفَثِ means The doing away with the matted and dusty state of the hair by shaving, and paring the nails, and the like: (T:) or it means the doing away with the state of تَفَث, by clipping the mustache, and paring the nails, and plucking out the hair of the armpit, and shaving the pubes. (Mgh.) Accord. to IAar, ثُمَّ لِيَقْضُوا تَفَثَهُمْ [in the Kur xxii. 30] means Then let them accomplish their needful acts of shaving and cleansing: (T:) or it means then let them do away with their dirtiness, by clipping the mustache, and paring the nails, and plucking out the hair of the armpit, and shaving the pubes, on the occasion of إِحْلَال: (Bd:) it is an allowance, after entering the state of إِحْلَال, of that which was forbidden them in the state of إِحْرَام. (Msb.) b2: فَتَفَثَتِ الدِمَآءُ مَكَانَهُ occurs in a trad., meaning And the blood (lit. bloods) contaminated the place thereof. (TA.) تَفِثٌ, (T, Mgh, K,) accord. to ISh, applied to a man, (T, Mgh,) Altered [in odour or the like], (مُغَيَّرٌ, T,) or dusty, (مُغْبَرٌّ, Mgh, K, or مُتَغِبِّرٌ, TA,) having matted and dusty hair, not having anointed himself, (T, Mgh, K, *) nor shaven his pubes. (T, Mgh. [In the former it is implied that this explanation is doubtful.])

كلم: كلّم: امتثل أمر فلان (ألف ليلة 97:1، 7) كلّمي الملك التي ترجمها لين: أجيبي عن إنذار الملك.
كلّم: قولّ: (على سبيل المثال: الشيطان الذي أنطق الصنم) (معجم الجغرافيا).
تكلّم: أنظر معنى تكلم ب عند (الحلل 2) وتكلم على عند (بدرون ملاحظات ص43) و (بسام 179:3).
تكلّم: غنّى (للطير المسمى سمنة أو زرزور) (الكالا: cantar eltordo) تكلّم إلى: إيصال الكلام بطريق غير مباشر (ابن صاحب الصلاة 21): أرى من الرأي والنصيحة لله وللخليفة أن نتكلم إليه بجميعنا معشر الموحّدين والطلبة وأن يجعل (نجعل) بيننا وبينه مَنْ يوصل إليه كلامنا من بنيه واحداً فقبلوا رأيه واجتمعوا وتكلموا إلى أمير المؤمنين رضّه في أن يكون ابنه السيد أبو حفص الذي يوصل كلامهم إليه.
تكلّم بالحدثان: تنبأ (المقدمة 2، 50).
تكلم على: نطق بألفاظ السحر ضد شخص ما أو لمصلحته (معجم الادريسي، المقدمة 129:3، 5).
تكلم عن: تكلم بالإنابة عن شخص آخر (عبد الواحد 176).
تكلم عنه: تحدَّث عن شخص، أو شيء، بأسلوب غير مشرف كثيراً، اغتاب، لام (محمد بن الحارث 282): كان مولى وهو أول مَنْ ولي قضاء الجماعة للخلفاء من الموالي فشق ذلك على العرب ... وتكلموا فيه (المقري 576:1، 3، 586، 7، 617، 20، 2، 376، 12) تُكُلَمَ (كوسج. كرست 43، 4 رينان افيروس 444، 3، رياض النفوس 75): ذكر أن قاضياً كانت له أحكام (وفي ص87) وذلك أن ابن عبدون تكلم في أبي حنيفة فأراد التوصل إلى إهانته. أنظر معاني هذا الفعل حين يرد وحده كلاً من (ابن خلكان 28:10، 9 وست ألف ليلة، برسل، 106:11، 10): عند الكلام في الحديث أو السنة ينبغي التحقق من صحتهما (أنظر في ذلك مقدمة ابن خلكان 142:2، 15) وعند الكلام على رواة الحديث أو السُنّة التحقق من صحة الرواية والإسناد ومن مقدار الثقة بهم وحسن نيتهم.
كلِمٌ ليست جمعاً ل كلمة فحسب إلا إنها تستعمل في موضع المفرد المذكر أيضاً (عباد 164:2، 10، 63:2).
كلمة مرادف دين: (عبد الواحد 12:64): فكان هذا أحد الفتوح المشهورة بالأندلس أعزَّ الله فيه دينه وأعلى كلمته. (حيان 95) فيما أظهر اللعين عمر ابن حفصون النصرانية وباطن العجم نصارى الذمة واستخلصهم بالكلمة.
كلمة: شهرة (كارتاس 2، 8 في حديثه عن الأسرة الحاكمة: أعلى الله كلمتها ورفع قدرها، 3، 1، 7 وفي حديثه عن أحد الأمراء: نصره الله وأيده وأعلى كلمته وأبّده.
كلمة: هيمنة، سيادة سيطرة (61:1، 9 البربرية): وبعث كلمته في أقطار المغرب الأقصى والأدنى إلى تخوم الموحدين؛ ولي العهد الوريث يسمى حامل كلمة أبيه (عباد 2، 61، 12).
كلمة واحدة: اتحاد (رولاند، ابن بطوطة الجزء الثالث 66): طمحوا أن يجعلوا خراسان كلمة واحدة رافضية.
كلمة: الثمن الحقيقي (رولاند).
ائتلاف الكلمة: اتفاق الكلمة، اجتماع الكلمة: ألفه، ود، وفاق، واختلاف الكلمة، تفّرق الكلمة: تنافر، نزاع (عباد 1، 278).
كلمات: ألفاظ السَّحْر (ألف ليلة 350:3، 4).
كلمة (بربرية؟) حديقة صغيرة (رياض النفوس 78): ثم قال أعرف عندكم في الكلمة (كذا) وهي الجنينة شي (شيئاً) من العليق نبت مع الزرب فقال له نعم عندنا منه شيء كثير.
كلمات: نوع سجّاد (انظر أعلاه) 1، 31 مادة اكليم.
كَلام: عبارة (همبرت 110).
كلام: نثر (الكامل 3: 708): لو لم يَجُز في الكلام لجاز في الشعر.
كلام: قول تافه أو باطل أو طائش أو عابث.
هذر، هراء، ترَّهة (معجم الجغرافيا).
كلام: غيبة، اغتياب، نميمة، ثلب (كوسج، كرست 43، 4، المقري 1؛ 586، 5).
كلام: نزاع، جدال، مشاجرة، مشاحنة، مشادة (معجم الطرائف، الأغاني 60، 3 المقري 2، 440 ابن البيطار 248:1): ذلك الذي يلبس خاتماً من العقيق كثر وقوع الكلام بينه وبين الناس؛ وفيه كلام أي منازع فيه (المقري 300:3).
كلام: قضية (أنظر مادة خصامة).
كلام: اتفاق، معاهدة، عقد، ميثاق (كارتاس 245، 9): قال السفير لسانثو: وإن كان بينك وبين ابن الأحمر كلام أو ربط فاتركه واخرج من أموره بالكلية.
كلام: مزاولة العمل بطريقة غير مألوفة (ألف ليلة، برسل 154:4): أقام في الخلافة يأخذ ويعطي ويمر وينهي وينفذ كلامه إلى آخر النهار.
كليم. كليم اتلله أو الكليم وحدها لقب موسى لأنه كلَّم الله (البكري 135 رحلة ابن جبير 54، 2 ابن البيطار 132:1 كرتاس 110، 1، 134) وفي القرآن الكريم 162:4:} (كلَّم الله موسى تكليماً) {.
مكالمة: محادثة (رولاند).
متكلَّم: وهو الذي يتكلم بفصاحة أو بلاغة أو لباقة (الكالا).
المتكلمون: هم أولئك الذين عينوا وألحقوا بخدمة حكومة الإسكندرية (أماري دبلوماسية 214، 233، 226).
متكلماني: فصيح اللسان، أديب، حسن التعبير، أو الذي يتكلم على النحو متكلف (بوشر).

كلم
الكلْمُ: التأثير المدرك بإحدى الحاسّتين، فَالْكَلَامُ: مدرك بحاسّة السّمع، والْكَلْمُ: بحاسّة البصر، وكَلَّمْتُهُ: جرحته جراحة بَانَ تأثيرُها، ولاجتماعهما في ذلك قال الشاعر:
والْكَلِمُ الأصيل كأرغب الْكَلْمِ
الْكَلمُ الأوّل جمع كَلِمَةٍ، والثاني جراحات، والأرغب: الأوسع، وقال آخر:
وجرح اللّسان كجرح اليد
فَالْكَلَامُ يقع على الألفاظ المنظومة، وعلى المعاني التي تحتها مجموعة، وعند النحويين يقع على الجزء منه، اسما كان، أو فعلا، أو أداة. وعند كثير من المتكلّمين لا يقع إلّا على الجملة المركّبة المفيدة، وهو أخصّ من القول، فإن القول يقع عندهم على المفردات، والكَلمةُ تقع عندهم على كلّ واحد من الأنواع الثّلاثة، وقد قيل بخلاف ذلك . قال تعالى: كَبُرَتْ كَلِمَةً تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَفْواهِهِمْ
[الكهف/ 5] ، وقوله: فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ
[البقرة/ 37] قيل: هي قوله: رَبَّنا ظَلَمْنا أَنْفُسَنا [الأعراف/ 23] . وقال الحسن: هي قوله: «ألم تخلقني بيدك؟ ألم تسكنّي جنّتك؟ ألم تسجد لي ملائكتك؟ ألم تسبق رحمتك غضبك؟ أرأيت إن تبت أكنت معيدي إلى الجنّة؟ قال: نعم» .
وقيل: هي الأمانة المعروضة على السموات والأرض والجبال في قوله: إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الْأَمانَةَ عَلَى السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالْجِبالِ الآية [الأحزاب/ 72] ، وقوله: وَإِذِ ابْتَلى إِبْراهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِماتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ [البقرة/ 124] قيل: هي الأشياء التي امتحن الله إبراهيم بها من ذبح ولده، والختان وغيرهما . وقوله لزكريّا: أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُبَشِّرُكَ بِيَحْيى مُصَدِّقاً بِكَلِمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ [آل عمران/ 39] قيل: هي كَلِمَةُ التّوحيد. وقيل: كتاب الله. وقيل: يعني به عيسى، وتسمية عيسى بكلمة في هذه الآية، وفي قوله: وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقاها إِلى مَرْيَمَ
[النساء/ 171] لكونه موجدا بكن المذكور في قوله: إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسى [آل عمران/ 59] وقيل: لاهتداء الناس به كاهتدائهم بكلام الله تعالى، وقيل: سمّي به لما خصّه الله تعالى به في صغره حيث قال وهو في مهده:
إِنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ آتانِيَ الْكِتابَ الآية [مريم/ 30] ، وقيل: سمّي كَلِمَةَ الله تعالى من حيث إنه صار نبيّا كما سمّي النبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلم ذِكْراً رَسُولًا [الطلاق/ 10- 11] . وقوله: وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ الآية [الأنعام/ 115] . فَالْكَلِمَةُ هاهنا القضيّة، فكلّ قضيّة تسمّى كلمة سواء كان ذلك مقالا أو فعالا، ووصفها بالصّدق، لأنه يقال: قول صدق، وفعل صدق، وقوله: وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ
[الأنعام/ 115] إشارة إلى نحو قوله:
الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ الآية [المائدة/ 3] ، ونبّه بذلك أنه لا تنسخ الشريعة بعد هذا، وقيل:
إشارة إلى ما قال عليه الصلاة والسلام: «أوّل ما خلق الله تعالى القلم فقال له: اجر بما هو كائن إلى يوم القيامة» . وقيل: الكَلِمَةُ هي القرآن، وتسميته بكلمة كتسميتهم القصيدة كَلِمَةً، فذكر أنّها تتمّ وتبقى بحفظ الله تعالى إيّاها، فعبّر عن ذلك بلفظ الماضي تنبيها أن ذلك في حكم الكائن، وإلى هذا المعنى من حفظ القرآن أشار بقوله: فَإِنْ يَكْفُرْ بِها هؤُلاءِ الآية [الأنعام/ 89] ، وقيل: عنى به ما وعد من الثّواب والعقاب، وعلى ذلك قوله تعالى: بَلى وَلكِنْ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَةُ الْعَذابِ عَلَى الْكافِرِينَ [الزمر/ 71] ، وقوله:
كَذلِكَ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ فَسَقُوا الآية [يونس/ 33] ، وقيل: عنى بالكلمات الآيات المعجزات التي اقترحوها، فنبّه أنّ ما أرسل من الآيات تامّ وفيه بلاغ، وقوله: لا مُبَدِّلَ لِكَلِماتِهِ [الأنعام/ 115] ردّ لقولهم: ائْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هذا الآية [يونس/ 15] ، وقيل: أراد بِكَلِمَةِ ربّك: أحكامه التي حكم بها وبيّن أنه شرع لــعباده ما فيه بلاغ، وقوله: وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ الْحُسْنى عَلى بَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ بِما صَبَرُوا [الأعراف/ 137] وهذه الْكَلِمَةُ فيما قيل هي قوله تعالى: وَنُرِيدُ أَنْ نَمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ الآية [القصص/ 5] ، وقوله: وَلَوْلا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ لَكانَ لِزاماً [طه/ 129] ، وَلَوْلا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ إِلى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ [الشورى/ 14] فإشارة إلى ما سبق من حكمه الذي اقتضاه حكمته، وأنه لا تبديل لكلماته، وقوله تعالى: وَيُحِقُّ اللَّهُ الْحَقَّ بِكَلِماتِهِ
[يونس/ 82] أي: بحججه التي جعلها الله تعالى لكم عليهم سلطانا مبينا، أي: حجّة قوية.
وقوله: يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُبَدِّلُوا كَلامَ اللَّهِ [الفتح/ 15] هو إشارة إلى ما قال: فَقُلْ لَنْ تَخْرُجُوا مَعِيَ الآية [التوبة/ 83] ، وذلك أنّ الله تعالى جعل قول هؤلاء المنافقين: ذَرُونا نَتَّبِعْكُمْ [الفتح/ 15] تبديلا لكلام الله تعالى، فنبه أنّ هؤلاء لا يفعلون وكيف يفعلون- وقد علم الله تعالى منهم أن لا يتأتى ذلك منهم-؟ وقد سبق بذلك حكمه. ومُكالَمَةُ الله تعالى العبد على ضربين:
أحدهما: في الدّنيا.
والثاني: في الآخرة.
فما في الدّنيا فعلى ما نبّه عليه بقوله: ما كانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ
الآية [الشورى/ 51] ، وما في الآخرة ثواب للمؤمنين وكرامة لهم تخفى علينا كيفيّته، ونبّه أنه يحرم ذلك على الكافرين بقوله: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ [آل عمران/ 77] . وقوله: يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَواضِعِهِ
[النساء/ 46] جمع الكلمة، وقيل: إنهم كانوا يبدّلون الألفاظ ويغيّرونها، وقيل: إنه كان من جهة المعنى، وهو حمله على غير ما قصد به واقتضاه، وهذا أمثل القولين، فإنّ اللفظ إذا تداولته الألسنة واشتهر يصعب تبديله، وقوله: وَقالَ الَّذِينَ لا يَعْلَمُونَ لَوْلا يُكَلِّمُنَا اللَّهُ أَوْ تَأْتِينا آيَةٌ
[البقرة/ 118] أي: لولا يكلّمنا الله مواجهة، وذلك نحو قوله:
يَسْئَلُكَ أَهْلُ الْكِتابِ إلى قوله: أَرِنَا اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً [النساء/ 153] .

علم الظاهر والباطن
أما الظاهر فهو علم الشرع وقد تقدم.
وأما الباطن فيقال له: علم الطريقة وعلم التصوف وعلم السلوك وعلم الأسرار وقد تقدم أيضا ولا حاجة لنا إلى الإعادة ولكن نتحفك هنا بفائدة جديدة وعائدة سديدة اشتملت على حكم هذا العلم.
قال شيخنا الإمام العلامة القاضي محمد بن علي الشوكاني رضي الله عنه وأرضاه في الفتح الرباني ولفظه: اعلم أن معنى التصوف المحمود يعني: علم الباطن هو الزهد في الدنيا حتى يستوي عنده ذهبها وترابها.
ثم الزهد فيما يصدر عن الناس من المدح والذم حتى يستوي عنده مدحهم وذمهم.
ثم الاشتغال بذكر الله وبالــعبادة المقربة إليه فمن كان هكذا فهو الصوفي حقا وعند ذاك يكون من أطباء القلوب فيداويها بما يمحو عنها الطواغيت الباطنية من الكبر والحسد والعجب والرياء وأمثال هذه الغرائز الشيطانية التي هي أخطر المعاصي أقبح الذنوب ثم يفتح الله له أبوابا كان عنها محجوبا كغيره لكنه لما أماط عن ظاهره وباطنه في غشاوة صار حينئذ صافيا عن شوب الكدر مطهرا عن دنس الذنوب فيبصر ويسمع ويفهم بحواس لا يحجبها عن حقائق الحق حاجب ولا يحول بينها وبين درك الصواب حائل ويدل على ذلك أتم دلالة وأعظم برهان ما ثبت في صحيح البخاري وغيره من حديث أبي هريرة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "يقول الله تعالى: من عادى لي وليا فقد بارزته بالمحاربة" وفي رواية: "فقد آذنته بالحرب وما تقرب إلي عبدي بمثل ما افترضت عليه ولا زال عبدي يتقرب إلي بالنوافل حتى أحبه فإذا أحببته كنت سمعه الذي يسمع به وبصره الذي يبصر به ويده التي يبطش بها ورجله التي يمشي بها فبي يسمع وبي يبصر وبي يبطش وبي يمشي ولئن سألني لأعطينه ولئن استعاذني لأعيذنه وما ترددت في شيء أنا فاعله ترددي عن قبض نفس عبدي المؤمن يكره الموت وأكره مساءته ولا بد له منه".
ومعلوم أن من كان يبصر بالله سبحانه ويسمع به ويبطش به ويمشي به له حال يخالف حال من لم يكن كذلك لأنها تنكشف له الأمور كما هي وهذا هو سبب ما يحكى عنهم من المكاشفة لأنه قد ارتفع عنهم حجب الذنوب وذهب عنهم أدران المعاصي وغيرهم من لا يبصر ولا يسمعه به ولا يبطش به ولا يمشي به لا يدرك من ذلك شيئا بل هو محجوب عن الحقائق غير مهتد إلى مستقيم الطريق كما قال الشاعر:
وكيف ترى ليلى بعين ترى بها ... سواها وما طهرتها بالمدامع
وتلتذ منها بالحديث وقد جرى ... حديث سواها في خروق المسامع
أجلك يا ليلى عن العين إنما ... أراك بقلب خاشع لك خاضع
وأما من صفا عن الكدر وسمع وأبصر فهو كما قال الآخر:
ألا إن وادي الجزع أضحى ترابه ... من المسك كافورا وأعواده رندا
وما ذاك إلا أن هندا عشية ... تمشت وجوت في جوانبه بردا
ومما يدل على هذا المعنى الذي أفاده حديث أبي هريرة حديث: "اتقوا فراسة المؤمن فإنه يرى بنور الله" وهو حديث صححه الترمذي فإنه أفاد أن المؤمنين من عباد الله يبصرون بنور الله سبحانه وهو معنى ما في الحديث الأول من قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "فبي يبصر".
فما وقع من هؤلاء القوم الصالحين من المكاشفات هو من هذه الحيثية الواردة في الشريعة المطهرة وقد ثبت أيضا في الصحيح عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه في هذه الأمة محدثين وإن منهم عمر بن الخطاب ففي هذا الحديث فتح باب المكاشفة لصالحي عباد الله وأن ذلك من الله سبحانه فيحدثون بالوقائع بنور الإيمان الذي هو من نور الله سبحانه فيعرفونها كما هي حتى كان محدثا يحدثهم بها ويخبرهم بمضمونها.
وقد كان عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه يقع له من ذلك الكثير الطيب في وقائع معروفة منقولة في دواوين الإسلام ونزل بتصديق ما تكلم به القرآن1 الكريم فمن كان من صالحي الــعباد متصفا بهذه الصفات متسما بهذه السمات فهو رجل العالم فرد الدهر وزين العصر والاتصال به مما تلين به القلوب وتخشع له الأفئدة وتنجذب بالاتصال به العقول الصحيحة إلى مراضي الرب سبحانه وكلماته هي الترياق المجرب وإشاراته هي طب القلوب القاسية وتعليماته كيمياء السعادة وإرشاداته هي الموصلة إلى الخير الأكبر والكرمات الدائمة التي لا نفاذ لها ولا انقطاع ولم تصف البصائر ولا صلحت السرائر بمثل الاتصال بهؤلاء القوم الذين هم خيرة الخيرة وأشرف الذخيرة فيا لله قوم لهم السلطان الأكبر على قلوب هذا العالم يجذبونها إلى طاعات الله سبحانه والإخلاص له والاتكال عليه والقرب منه والبعد عما يشغل عنه ويقطع عن الوصول إليه وقل أن يتصل بهم ويختلط بخيارهم إلا من سبقت له السعادة وجذبته العناية الربانية إليهم لأنهم يخفون أنفسهم ويطهرون في مظاهر الخمول ومن عرفهم لم يدل عليهم إلا من أذن الله له ولسان حاله يقول كما قال الشاعر:
وكم سائل عن سر ليلى كتمته ... بعمياي عن ليلى بعين يقين
يقولون خبرنا فأنت أمينها ... وما أنا إن خبرتهم بأمين
فيا طالب الخير إذا ظفرت يدك بواحد من هؤلاء الذين هم صفوة الصفوة وخيرة الخيرة فاشددها عليه واجعله مؤثرا على الأهل والمال والقريب والحبيب والوطن والسكن فإنا إن وزنا هؤلاء بميزان الشرع واعتبرناهم بمعيار الدين وجدناهم أولياء الله الذين لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون وقلنا لمعاديهم أو للقادح في علي مقامهم أنت ممن قال فيه الرب سبحانه كما حكاه عنه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "من عادى لي وليا فقد بارزني بالمحاربة وقد آذنته بالحرب" لأنه لا عيب لهم إلا انهم أطاعوا الله كما يحب وآمنوا به كما يحب ورفضوا الدنيا الدنية وأقبلوا على الله عز وجل في سرهم وجهرهم وظاهرهم وباطنهم وإذا فرضنا أن في المدعين للتصوف والسلوك من لم يكن بهذه الصفات وعلى هذا الهدى القويم فإن بدا منه ما يخالف هذه الشريعة المطهرة وينافي منهجها الذي هو الكتاب والسنة فليس من هؤلاء والواجب علينا رد بدعته عليه والضرب بها في وجهه كما صح عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: "وكل أمر ليس عليه أمرنا فهو رد" وصح عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: "كل بدعة ضلالة" ومن أنكر علينا ذلك قلنا له وزنا هذا بميزان الشرع فوجدناه مخالفا له ورددنا أمره إلى الكتاب والسنة فوجدناه مخالفا لهما وليس المدين إلا كتاب الله وسنة رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم والخارج عنهما المخالف لهما ضال مضل ولا يقدح على هؤلاء الأولياء وجود من هو هكذا فإنه ليس معدودا منهم ولا سالكا طريقتهم ولا مهديا بهديهم فاعرف هذا فإن القدح في قوم بمجرد فرد أو أفراد منسوبين إليهم نسبة غير مطابقة للواقع لا تقع إلا ممن لا يعرف الشرع ولا يهتدي بهديه ولا يبصر بنوره.
وبالجملة فمن أراد أن يعرف أولياء هذه الأمة وصالحي المؤمنين المتفضل عليهم بالفضل الذي لا يعد له فضل والخير الذي لا يساويه خير فليطالع الحلية لأبي نعيم وصفوة الصفوة لابن الجوزي فإنهما تحريا ما صح وأودعا كتأبيهما من مناقب الأولياء المروية بالأسانيد الصحيحة ما يجذب بعضه بطبع من يقف عليه إلى طريقتهم والاقتداء بهم وأقل الأحوال أن يعرف مقادير أولياء الله وصالحي عباده ويعلم أنهم القوم الذين لا يشقى بهم جليسهم وقد صح عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: "أنت مع من أحببت" فمحبة الصالحين قربة لا تهمل وطاعة لا تضيع وإن لم يعمل كعملهم ولا جهد نفسه كجهدهم انتهى حاصله.
وأما ما يحدث من أولياء الله سبحانه وتعالى من الكرامات الظاهرة التي لا شك فيها ولا شبهة فهو حق صحيح لا يمتري فيه من له أدنى معرفة بأحوال صالحي عباد الله المخصوصين بالكرامات التي أكرمهم بها وتفضل بها عليهم ومن شك في شيء من ذلك نظر في كتب الثقات المدونة في هذا الشأن كحلية الأولياء للشرجي وكتاب روض الرياحين لليافعي وسائر الكتب المصنفة في تاريخ العالم فإن كلها مشتملة على تراجم كثير منهم ويغني عن ذلك كله ما قصه الله إلينا في كتابه العزيز عن صالحي عباده الذين لم يكونوا أنبياء كقصة ذي القرنين وما تهيأ له مما تعجز عنه الطباع البشرية وقصة مريم كما حكاه الله تعالى.
ومن ذلك قصة أصحاب كهف فقد قص الله علينا فيها أعظم كرامة وقصة آصف من برخيا حيث حكى عنه قوله: {أَنَا آتِيكَ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْكَ طَرْفُكَ} وغير ذلك مما حكاه عن غير هؤلاء والجميع ليسوا بأنبياء وثبت في الأحاديث الثابتة في الصحيح مثل حديث الثلاثة الذي انطبقت عليهم الصخرة وحديث جريج الراهب الذي كلمه الطفل وحديث المرأة التي قالت سائلة الله عز وجل أن يجعل الطفل الذي ترضعه مثل الفارس فأجاب الطفل بما أجاب وحديث البقرة التي كلمت من أراد أن يحمل عليها وقالت إني لم أخلق لهذا.
ومن ذلك وجود القطف من العنب عند خبيب الذي أسرته الكفار.
وحديث أن أسيد بن حضير وعبادة بن بشر خرجا من عند النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في ليلة مظلمة ومعهما مثل المصاحبين وحديث رب أشعث أغبر مدفوع بالأبواب لو أقسم على الله لأبره.
وحديث لقد كان فيمن قبلكم محدثون.
وحديث إن في هذه الأمة محدثين وإن منهم عمر.
ومن ذلك كون سعد بن أبى وقاص مجاب الدعوة وهذه الأحاديث كلها ثابتة في الصحيح وورد لكثير من الصحابة رضي الله عنهم كرامات قد اشتملت عليها كتب الحديث والسير.
ومن ذلك الأحاديث الواردة في فضلهم والثناء عليهم كما ثبت في الصحيح أنه قال رجل: أي الناس أفضل يا رسول الله؟ قال: "مؤمن مجاهد بنفسه وماله في سبيل الله" قال: ثم من؟ قال: "ثم رجل معتزل في شعب من شعاب يعبد ربه".
وحديث "كن في الدنيا كأنك غريب أو عابر سبيل" وهذه الأحاديث كلها في الصحيح وفي هذا المقدار كفاية لمن له هداية. 

غرض

1 غَرِضَ, aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. غَرَضٌ, (S, A, K,) He was vexed, or disquieted by grief, and by distress of mind; he was grieved, and distressed in mind: he was disgusted; he turned away with disgust. (S, A, K.) You say, غَرِضَ مِنْهُ He was vexed by, or at, him, or it, and disquieted by grief, and by distress of mind; he was grieved, and distressed in mind, by him, or it: (Mgh in art. غرض, and TA:) he was disgusted with it, or at it; he turned away from it with disgust: (Mgh:) and he feared him, or it. (Ibn-'Abbád, K, TK: but the first and second mention only the inf. n. of the verb in this last sense.) And غَرِضَ بِالمُقَامِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, [He was vexed, &c., by continuance, stay, residence, or abode, in a place: he was disgusted with it, or at it.] (S.) And إِذَا فَاتَهُ الغَرَضُ فَتَّهُ الغَرَضُ i. e. الضَّجَرُ [When the object of aim, or endeavour, escapes him, so that he cannot attain it, vexation, or disquietude by grief, and by distress of mind, or disgust, crushes him]. (A, TA.) b2: And hence, (A,) aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (A, TA,) He yearned, or longed: (S, A, K:) or he yearned, or longed, vehemently, or intensely: (TA:) إِلَيْهِ for him, or it: (S:) or إِلَى لِقَائِهِ for meeting with him: the verb in this sense being made trans. by means of الى because it imports the meaning of اِشْتَاقَ and حَنَّ [which are made trans. by the same means]: (A, TA:) [for] accord. to Akh, غَرِضْتُ إِلَيْهِ signifies غَرِضْتُ مِنْ هٰؤُلآءِ إِلَيْهِ [I turned with vexation, or disgust, from these, to him, or it]; because the Arabs connect the verb [with its objective complement] by means of all these particles [mentioned above; namely, ب and من and الى]. (S.) Mbr reckons غَرَضٌ, as meaning both “ being disgusted ” and “ yearning ” or “ longing,” among words having contrary significations; and so does Ibn-Es-Seed; (MF;) and in like manner, IKtt. (TA.) [Perhaps these derive the latter meaning from غَرَضٌ signifying “ a butt,” or “ an object of aim,” &c.]

A2: غَرَضَ عَنْهُ, (TA,) [in the TK غَرَضَهُ,] inf. n. غَرْضٌ, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) He (a man, TA) refrained, forbore, abstained, or desisted, from him, or it; left, relinquished, or forsook, him, or it. (Ibn-'Abbád, * K, * TA.) A3: غَرُضَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. غِرَضٌ, It (a thing) was fresh, juicy, moist, not flaccid. (S, K.) A4: غَرَضَ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. غَرْضٌ; (TA;) and ↓ غرّضهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَغْرِيضٌ; (TA;) He plucked the thing while it was fresh, juicy, moist, or not flaccid: or he took it (أَخَذَهُ, in some copies of the K جَذَّهُ, which is a mistake, TA) while it was so. (K.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He did the thing hastily, or hurriedly, before its time; syn. أَعْجَلَهُ عَنْ وَقْتِهِ. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TS, K. *) b3: غَرَضَ السَّخْلَ, (S, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above; (TA;) and ↓ غرّضها; (K;) (assumed tropical:) He weaned the lambs, or kids, before their time. (ISk, S, K.) b4: غَرَضَتْ سِقَآءَهَا, (S, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S,) (assumed tropical:) She (a woman, S) churned, or agitated, the contents of her milk-skin, and when its butter had formed in little clots but had not collected together, she poured out the milk, and gave it to people to drink. (ISk, S, K. *) b5: غَرَضْتُ لَهُ غَرِيضًا (tropical:) I gave him to drink fresh milk. (TA.) b6: غَرَضْتُ لِلضَّيْفِ غَرِيضًا (tropical:) I fed the guests with food that had not been kept through the night: so in the A: but in the K, لَهُمْ ↓ أَغْرَضَ غَرِيضًا (tropical:) he kneaded for them fresh dough, and did not feed them with food that had been kept through the night. (TA.) A5: غَرَضَهُ, aor. ـِ [inf. n. غَرْضٌ,] also signifies He filled it, namely, a vessel, (S, K,) and a skin, and a wateringtrough; (TA;) and so ↓ اغرضهُ. (K.) b2: and He stopped short of filling it completely. (S, K. [See also 2.]) Thus it has two contr. significations. (S, K.) A rájiz says, لَقَدْ فَدَى أَعْنَاقَهُنَّ المَحْضُ وَالدَّأْظُ حَتَّى مَا لَهُنَّ غَرْضُ (S, TA,) i. e. Verily the محض and the دأظ [the pure milk and the fatness and fulness so that there is no deficiency in their skins] have ransomed them from being slaughtered and sold. (TA.) [But see غَرْضٌ below.] b3: Also, aor. ـِ inf. n. غَرْضٌ, He broke it (i. e. a thing) without separating it. (TA.) A6: غَرَضَ البَعِيرَ, (S,) or النَّاقَةَ, (K,) [aor. ـِ as appears from the word مَغْرِضٌ, for otherwise, by rule, it would be مَغْرَضٌ,] inf. n. غَرْضٌ, (K,) He bound the غَرْض upon the camel; (S;) as also ↓ اغْتِرضهُ; (TA;) or he bound the she-camel with the غُرْضَة, (K,) or غَرْض; (TA;) as also ↓ أَغْرَضَهَا; (K;) and in like manner, غَرَضَ البَغِيرَ بِالغَرْضِ. (TA.) 2 غرّض, inf. n. تَغْرِيضٌ, He ate fresh flesh-meat. (K.) b2: See also غَرَضَ, in two places.

A2: One says also, غَرِّضْ فِى سِقَائَكَ Fill not thy skin [completely; leave a portion unfilled in thy skin]. (S.) b2: And فُلَانٌ بَحْرٌ لَا يُغَرَّضُ i. e. [Such a one is a sea] that will not become exhausted. (S, A, TA.) A3: And غرّض signifies also تَفَكَّهَ, (K, TA.) [meaning He affected jesting, or joking, for it is] said in the I. to be from الفُكَاهَةُ signifying المُزَاحُ. (TA.) 3 غارض إِبِلَهُ (tropical:) He brought his camels to the watering-place early in the morning; in the first part of the day. (A, O, K.) 4 اغرضهُ He made him to be vexed, or disquieted by grief, and by distress of mind; to be grieved, and distressed in mind: he made him to be disgusted; to turn away with disgust. (S.) A2: See also 1, latter half, in two places.

A3: اغرض النَّاقَةَ: see 1, last sentence.

A4: اغرض He (a man) hit, or attained, the غَرَض [i. e. the butt, or object of aim, &c.]. (IKtt.) 5 تغرّض, (K, TA,) thus in the O, on the authority of Ibn-'Abbád; but accord. to the Tekmileh, ↓ انغرض; (TA;) said of a branch, It broke without breaking in pieces: (K, TA:) or, accord. to the L, the latter signifies It bent and broke without becoming separated. (TA.) 7 إِنْغَرَضَ see what next precedes.8 اِغْتَرَضَ: (so in a copy of the A: [and if this be correct, the primary signification seems to be It (a thing) was plucked, or taken, while it was fresh, juicy, moist, or not flaccid: quasi-pass. of غَرَضَ in the first of the senses assigned to it as a trans. v. above:]) or اُغْتَرِضَ: (so in the JK and TA: [and if this be correct, it is app. formed by transposition from اُغْتُضِرَ:]) (tropical:) He died in his fresh state; (JK;) [i. e.] he died a youth, or a young man: [the latter reading seems to be the right, for it is said to be] similar to اُحْتُضِرَ [evidently a mistranscription for اُخْتُضِرَ]. (A, TA.) A2: اغترض الشَّىْءَ He made the thing his غَرَض [i. e. butt, or object of aim, &c.]. (TA.) A3: اغترض البَعِيرَ: see 1, last sentence.

غَرْضٌ and ↓ غُرْضَةٌ The appertenance of a camel's saddle of the kind called رَحْل which is like the حِزَام of the سَرْج (S, K) and the بِطَان of the قَتَب; (S;) i. e. girth, or fore girth, (تَصْدِير,) thereof; (S;) the حِزَام of the رَحْل: (A:) pl. of the former, أَغْرَاضٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (S, K) and أَغْرُضٌ [also a pl. of pauc.] (IB) and غُرُوضٌ [a pl. of mult.]: and of the latter, ↓ غُرْضٌ, [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] (S, K,) like as بُسْرٌ is of بُسْرَةٌ, (S,) and غُرُضٌ. (S, K.) [Hence the saying of Mohammad,] غُرْض shall not be bound [upon camels by pilgrims] except to three mosques; the sacred mosque [of Mekkeh], and my mosque [of ElMedeeneh], and the mosque [El-Aksà] of Beytel-Makdis [or Jerusalem]. (TA.) A2: غَرْضٌ also signifies (accord. to some, in the verse cited in the first paragraph, S, TA) The place of what thou hast left (مَوْضِعُ مَا تَرَكْتَهُ, not ماء [i. e. not مَآءٍ] as written in the S [and K], TA,) and not put into it anything: (S, K, TA:) and is said by some to be like the أَمْت [q. v.] in a skin. (TA.) b2: And A state of folding. (AHeyth, K.) And A man's having folds (غُرُوض) in the body when he has been fat and then has become lean. (Sgh, K.) And you say, طَوَيْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَلَى غُرُوضِهِ i. e. غُرُورِهِ [I folded the garment, or piece of cloth, according to its first, or original, foldings.] (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, Sgh, K.) عُرْضٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

غَرَضٌ A butt, a mark, or an object of aim, at which one shoots, or throws; (S, O, Msb, K;) a thing that thou settest up (مَا أَمْثَلْتَهُ) to shoot or throw at: (IDrd:) pl. أَغْرَاضٌ. (Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., لَا تَتَّخِذُوا شَيْئًا فِيهِ الرَّوحُ غَرَضًا [Ye shall not take a thing in which is the vital principle as a butt]. (TA.) And hence one says, النَّاسُ أَغْرَاضُ المَنِيَّةِ (assumed tropical:) [Mea are the butts of destiny, or of death]: and جَعَلْتَنِى غَرَضًا لِشَتْمِكَ (assumed tropical:) [Thou madest me, or hast made me, a butt for thy reviling]. (TA.) b2: And hence, (tropical:) An object of aim or endeavour or pursuit, of desire or wish, or of intention or purpose: (Msb:) a scope; or any end which one endeavours, or seeks, or intends, or purposes, to attain: (B:) an object of want, and of desire: (TA:) the advantage, or good, which one seeks, or endeavours, or purposes, to attain, or obtain, from a thing: so much used in this tropical sense as to be, in this sense, conventionally regarded as proper. (MF.) You say, غَرَضُهُ كَذَا (tropical:) His object of aim or endeavour or pursuit, &c., is such a thing: (Msb:) or his object of want, and of desire, is such a thing (TA.) And فَعَلَ لِغَرَضٍ صَحِيحٍ (tropical:) He did, or acted, for a just, or right, object of aim &c. (Msb.) And فَهِمْتُ غَرَضَكَ (assumed tropical:) I understood, or have understood, thine object of aim &c., or thine intention; syn. قَصْدَكَ. (S.) [See another ex. voce غَرِضَ, of which it is also the inf. n.]

غَرِضٌ, when followed by مِنْ, Vexed, or disquieted by grief, and by distress of mind; grieved, and distressed in mind: disgusted; or turning away with disgust. (TA.) b2: Also, when followed by إِلَى, Yearning, or longing: (S, TA:) or yearning, or longing, vehemently, or intensely. (TA.) غُرْضَةٌ: see غَرْضٌ.

غَرِيضٌ A thing that is fresh, juicy, moist, or not flaccid: (S, A, K:) also applied to flesh-meat. (S.) [See also 1, in three places, in the latter half of the paragraph.] b2: Fresh, or juicy, dates. (TA.) b3: Rain-water; as also ↓ مَغْرُوضٌ: (S, K:) because of its freshness. (S, TA.) b4: Water to which one comes early in the morning; in the first part of the day. (TA.) b5: See also إِغْرِيضٌ, in two places. b6: Also Any new, or novel, song. (IB, TA.) b7: And hence, A singer; because of his performing new, or novel, singing: (IB, TA:) or a singer who performs well, (K, TA,) and is of those who are well known; and so called because of his gentleness, or softness. (TA.) وَرَدَ المَآءَ غَارِضَا (assumed tropical:) He came to the water early in the morning; in the first part of the day. (S, K. *) And أَوْرَدَ إِبِلَهُ غَارِضًا (assumed tropical:) He brought his camels to the watering-place early in the morning; in the first part of the day. (TA.) And أَتَيْتُهُ غَارِضًا I came to him in the first part of the day. (TA.) إِغْرِيضٌ The spadix of a palm-tree: syn. طَلْعٌ; (S, K;) which some call إِغْرِيضَةٌ; (TA:) as also ↓ غَرِيضٌ: (S, K:) or the spadix of a palm-tree (طَلْع) when it bursts from its كَافُور [i. e. spathe, or envelope]: (IAar:) or what is in the interior of the طَلْعَة [or spathe of a palm-tree]: (Th:) or the thing [i. e. the spathe] from which the spadix of the palm-tree (طَلْع) bursts: (Ks, A) to which a woman's garment is likened. (A, TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Anything white and fresh or juicy or moist, as also ↓ غَرِيضٌ: (S, K:) or anything white like milk. (Ks.) b3: (tropical:) Hail: (Lth, Th:) as being likened to what is in the interior of the طَلْعَة (Th.) b4: (assumed tropical:) Large rain, or large drops of rain, appearing, when falling, as though it, or they, were arrow-heads, from a dissundered cloud: or the first of what falls thereof. (TA.) مَغْرِضٌ The part of a camel which is like the مَحْزِم [or place of the girth] (S, O, K) of a دَابَّة, (S,) [i. e.] of a horse (O, K) and mule and ass; (O;) which is the sides of the belly, at the lower part of the ribs; for these are the places of the غَرْض, in the bellies of camels: (S:) and ↓ مُغَرَّضٌ signifies [the same: i. e.] the place of the غُرْضَة, (IKh, TA,) or غَرْض; (TA;) and also the belly: (IKh, TA:) or the former signifies the head of the shoulder-blade, in which is the مُشَاش [or prominent part], beneath the cartilage: or the inner part of what is between the arm [and] the place where the شَرَاسِيف [or cartilages of the ribs] end (TA:) pl. مَغَارِضُ. (S, TA.) مُغَرَّضٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مَغْرُوضٌ: see غَرِيضٌ.