عقب
العَقَبُ: ما يُشَدُ به الرِّماحُ والسِّهامُ. والعَقَبَةُ: طَريْقٌ وَعْرٌ في الجَبَل، والجَميعُ العَقَبُ والعِقَابُ.
والعَقِبُ: مُؤَخَرُ القَدَم، وتميمٌ تُخَفِّفُه، والجميعُ الأعْقاب. وفُلانٌ مُوَطَأُ العَقِبِ: الرَّئيس المَتْبوع.
ووَلى على عَقِبه: إِذا أخَذَ في وَجْهٍ ثم انْثَنى راجِعاً. وأعْقَبَ: خَفَفَ عَقِباً.
وقَوْلُ العَرَب: لا عَقِبَ له: أيْ وَلَداً ذَكَراً. ومَالَهُ تَعْقِبَةٌ، أي عَقِبٌ. ويقال للقادِم: مِنْ أيْنَ عَقِبُكَ؟: أي من أيْنَ أقْبَلْتَ؟. ولَوْ كانَ له عَقِبٌ لَتَكَلَمَ: أي جَواب. ووَلى ولم يُعَقبْ: لم يَعْطِفْ؛ ويُقال: لم يُعْقِبْ أيضاً. والتعْقِيْبُ: الغَزْوُ بَعْدَ الغَزْو. والانْصِرافُ من الأمورِ يُريْدُها.
والخَيْلُ تُعَقبُ في عدْوِها لم تَزدَدْ إلا جَودةً، وهو ذو عَقْبٍ. وعَقبَتْ علي في تلك السلْعَةِ عُقَب: أدْرَكَني فيها دَرك.
والتُعْقِبَة: الدركُ. وهُما يُعَقبانِ فلاناً: تَعَاوَنا عليه. وكُل ما خَلَفَ شَيْئاً فقدْ عَقَبَه، وهُما غقِيْبان، وقد اعْتقَبا وتَعَاقَبا. وأتى إليه خَيْراً فَعَقب بغيَر مُكافَأةٍ.
والعقبَة والعِقَاب والعقْبى: المُكافَأَةُ والثواب. وإِذا كانَ للفَرس جَمَام بعدَ انقِطاع الجَرْي قيل له: عِقَاب. وعَقب الأمْرِ وعَاقِبَتُه وعَاقِبُه وعُقْبَاه: آخِرُه، وجمَعُ العَقْب على الأعْقاب؛ والعُقْبى على العُقب. وأعْقَبَ هذا ذاك: صارَ مَكانَه. وأعْقَبْت الطي: إذا طويْتَ البئْر فأعْقَبْتَ الحَوَامى بججارة من خَلْفِها. وأعْقَبَ الأمر عقْبَاناً وعُقْبى، واعْقِبَ عِزاً: أبدل.
واسْتَعْقَبَ مِن كذا خَيْراً وتعقبَ: واحِدٌ. وتَعَقبْتُهُ: تَتبعْتَ أثَرَه. وهُما يتَعاقَبانِ الرُّكُوبَ بينهما أو الأمْرَ: يَرْكَبُ هذا عُقْبَةً وهذا عقْبَةً. والعُقْبَة فَرْسَخان.
وعقْبُ الحَوْض: عُقْره. ولا يَفْعلُ كذا إلا عُقْبَةَ القَمَرِ: وذلك إِذا قّارَنَ الثُّريّا؛ وُيقارنها في السنَةِ مَرّة، وهو من المعَاقَبَة؛ وذلك إِذا اسْتَوى اللَيلُ والنَّهار. وقيل: هو عَوْدَته إذا غَاب.
والعُقْبَةُ: كُلّ ما يُرْعى بَعدَ الحُمُوْضَة. وعُقْبَةُ النّاس بَعد الطًعام: الحَلْوَاء. ولَقِيْتُ منه عُقْبَةَ الضبُع: أي الشَدَة.
وحُكِيَ: كنْتُ مَرهً نشبَةَ وأنا اليَوْمَ عُقْبَة: أي كنتُ أنْشب في الشًر قَديماً قَوياً واليومَ اعْقِبْتُ ضَعْفَاَ. وعُقبَةُ القِمْرِ وعِقْبَتُها: ما يَبْقى فيها من المَرَقِ عندَ رَدَها إذا استَعاروها.
وجِئْت في عُقْبِ الشَهْر وعُقْبانِه: أي بَعْدَ ما يَمْضِي. وفي عَقِبهِ وعَقْبِه: إِذا بقِيَتْ منه بَقِيَةٌ.
وعقْبَةُ: اسْم رَجُلً. وأخَذَ بِعُقْبَةِ فُلانٍ: أي مَكانَه. وهو عالم بعقْبى الكَلام: أي غامضِه. واحذر عَقبَ اللهِ وعِقابَه وعقُوْبَتَه.
وكُلُّ طَريقٍ بَعْضُها خَلْفَ بَعض: أعْقَابٌ؛ كأنَّها مَنْضُودةٌ عَقْبٌ على عَقْبٍ.
والمِعْقَبُ: الخِمَارُ. ونَجْمٌ يُهْتَدى به. والعِقَابُ والعُقَابُ: الخَيْطُ الذي يُجْمَعُ به طَرَفا القُرْطِ في الأذُن. والمِعْقَابُ: المَرْأةُ وِلادَتُها أبَداً أنْ تأتيَ بذَكَرٍ بَعْدَ أنثى. والعَقُوْبانِ: الخَشَبَتان تُنْصَبان على حَرْفَي البِئر. والإعْقَابَةُ: سِمَةٌ في الأذن، وشَاةٌ معَاقَبَةٌ ومُعْقَبَة.
والعُقَابُ: طائرٌ. والعَلَمُ الضَخْم، تَشبيهاً به. وصَخْرَةٌ ناتِئةٌ في عُرْض جَبَل أو حُولِ بئرٍ، وربما كان في البئر من قِبَل الطيِّ إذا زالت الصخرةُ عن مَوْضِعِها، والذي يُسوَيها: مُعَقِّبٌ.ْ ومَسِيْلُ الماء إلى الحَوْض. والجَمْعُ في الكُل: العِقْبَان. وإذا حَلَّفْتَ الرجُلَ فلَمْ تَرْضَ بِيَمين دونَ يمينٍ: فذلك العُقَابانِ. وعليه عِقْبَةُ جَمَال وعُقْبَتُه: أي أثَرُه، وكذلك في السُّرور.
والعِقْبَةُ لُغَةٌ في العِقْمة: لِضَرْبٍ من الثياب. وتَغَيرَ بِعَاقِبَةٍ: أي عن قريب.
وعَاقِبَةٌ من الطيْر: أي يَعْقُبُ بعضُها مكانَ بعض كأنَه تَقَعُ الأخْرى مكانَ الأولى. والعَاقِبُ: آخِرُ الأنْبياء.
والعَوَاقِبُ والمُعَاقِبَةُ من الإبل: التي تأكُلُ من الحَمْض مرةً ومن الخلة أخرى، وقد عَقَبَتْ عُقُوْباً. وعَاقِبَةُ البُرَةِ: حَلْقَتُها. والعَقِب: الخَلِيْفُ. واليَعْقُوْبُ: ذَكَرُ القَبَج والقَطا.
وتسمى الخيل: بعاقيب لسرعتها. واعْتَقَبْتُ الشَيْءَ: حَبَسْتَه. وال
معقب الذي يَتَبعُ عَقِبَ الإِنسانِ في طَلَبِ حَق. وله مُعَقَبَاتٌ من جَوانِبه: أي حَفَظَةٌ.

عقب: عَقَّب (بالتشديد): ًأصلح، قوم، عدّل، صحح، نقّح. (ألكالا، المقدمة 1: 12).
عَقَّب: أغنى، أثرى. خلف، أورث (فوك) ففي القسم الأول منه.
عَقَّب لِوِلْدِه: أشبه أباه في أخلاقه (فوك) عاقب. عاقبا المنشار بينهما: جعلا المنشار يذهب ويجيء بينهما بالتناوب والتعاقب. (المقدمة 3: 309).
عاقب. عاقب (أو أعْقَب) بين الناس: بدَّل الحامية، أرسل إلى المدينة حامية جديدة لتحل محل الحامية التي كانت فيها. (البلاذري ص223، 236) وقد ذكر في معجم البلاذري غير هذا، إلا أن السيد دي غويه قد اعترف إنه قد أخطأ بذلك.
أعْقَب: أخر عمل الشيء وعمله متأخراً، وهو ضد أسلف. ففي كتاب عبد الواحد (ص88): يقول الشاعر: فيما سبق من الزمن أسلفت دلائل إخلاصي وحبي، وأعترف أني بعد ذلك أعقبتُ أَعْماَل مفسد (وفي المطبوع أعقبتَ وهو من خطأ الطباعة).
أعقب الناقة): نزل عن الناقة ليركب أخرى (معجم مسلم).
أعقب أخاه على زوجته: تزوج أرملة أخيه. (معجم البيان).
أعقب بين الناس: انظرها في عاقب.
أعقب ب: أبدل، أقام في مقام، أحل في محل، استبدل. (وهو جفلايت ص49).
أعقب فلاناً ب. يقال مثلاً: أعقبهم الله بالجوع. أي عاقبهم الله بالجوع (أخبار ص61).
أعقب كلامه ب: أضاف شيئاً إلى خطابه (بوشر).
تعقبَّ: ندم. (البكري ص130).
تعقبَّ: راقب، فتش. ففي حيان- بسام (1: 10و): خدمة التعقب والمحاسبة أي وظيفة المراقبة والتفتيش المالي. وفي بسام (3: 60ق): ولى زمام التعقب على أهل الأندلس.
تعقَّب على فلان: صحح كلامه وعلق عليه.
(عباد 2: 91 ورقم 85، المقري 1: 201، 613، ابن بطوطة 4: 104، العبدري ص111، ابن عبد الملك ص 3ق، الخطيب ص91 ق).
تعقَّب: أعاد عمل الشيء (فوك، ألكالا) وفي معجم الكالا: rehasimiento ( تَعَقُّب وإعادة) وانظر: عقَّب في معجم لين.
تعاقَب: تعاقب القوم في الأمر والشيء: عملوه مناوبة، أو استخدموه مناوبة. (محيط المحيط).
على التعاقب: عدة مرات، مرَّة بعد أخرى. (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 406).
تعاقب: كما يقال تعاقب المسافران على الدابة (لين) يقال عن الرجال: تعاقبوا على امرأة، أي وطؤوها كل واحد بنوبته. (ألف ليلة 2: 232) كما يقال عن عدد من الأشخاص تولوا الملك أو توارثوا لغة أو إرثا واحداً بعد الآخر: تعاقبوا عليه (البكري ص67، المقدمة 3: 303).
تعاقب: مطاوع عاقب، بمعنى أصابته عقوبة (معجم مسلم).
انعقب: تأخر (أداء المستحق). ففي العبدري (ص59 و): أراد أمير مكة سجن الحجاج المصريين فقال له تركي: فيما تأخذهم قال له في حقوق وجبت لي على مَلك مِصْر ولي حظ في بيت المال منعقبة (منعقب) أعواماً.
اعتقب: انظر لمفصل (ص89) ففيه: ومن ذلك قِنَّسرَيٌ ونصيَّبيٌ ويبريء فيمن جعل الإعراب قبل النون ومن جعله معتقب الإعراب قال قنسريني.
عُقب: عقيب الاولاد، آخر من يولد منهم (بوشر).
عَقَب: عصاب، وهي أعصاب الجمل تجفف في الشمس وتفرق إلى أجزاء في مثل رقة خيط الحرير. أو هي وبر الجمل المفتول. (دوماس عادات ص264).
عُقِب: قعر الكأس، قعر الإناء. (بوشر).
عَقِب: كتاب مطبوع بعد وفاة مؤلفه. (بوشر).
عقب الرمح: زُجُّ الرمح. (بوشر).
عَقْبة: آخر حصاد الذرة. حصاد الذرة الثالث (نيبور رحلة إلى بلاد العرب ص146).
عِقْبَة: أثر. وتجمع على عِقَب (أبو الوليد ص544).
عَقَبة: مرقى صعب من الجبال، وجمعها في معجم الكالا: عقائب. ويقال: بلادهم عَقْبة (كذا) أي بلادهم مرقى صعب؟ (مارتن ص23).
عَقَبَة: عقدة، معضلة، مشكلة، (ومتاهة، تيه. (بوشر).
عَقَبَة: قربى، قرابة، واشجة النسب (ألكالا).
عَقَبَة: في مصر نوع من القوارب الكبيرة، صندل. وجمعها عقبات وعَقَب. (مملوك 2، 1: 24).
ويقول ستوشوف (ص424): وللأغنياء زوارق خاصة يستخدمونها للتنزه عند زيادة النيل ويسمونها أشبه ( Achaba) وهي قوارب مسطحة، يبلغ كوثلها (مؤخرها) أكثر من نصفها، منها مربعة محاطة بأعمدة درابزين لئلا يزعج النوتية من يجلس فيها. وهي مفروشة في الداخل بطنافس ثمينة. وأعلاها مغطى بقماش مشمع، وداخلها مصبوغ وملون بأنواع الألوان بحيث يرى الجالس فيها إنه في صالة جميلة. انظر وصف ثفينيو المطول أيضاً (1: 465) عند مونكونيس (ص282) حيث تحرفت الكلمة إلى أكور به، وعند لين (عادات 2: 293).
عَقِبَة = كعب، القسم الأسفل من السهم.
(الجريدة الآسيوية 1848، 2: 210).
عَقِبَة: كل طرف من طرفي القوس، قاب القوس. (نفس المصدر السابق).
عُقبى: بمعنى تعويض، بدل، جزاء، مكافأة (لين 2101 في آخر). وفي معجم البلاذري (ص66): وقد خفضت الضريبة عنهم عقبى لهم عن أرضهم التي انتزعت منهم. وقد أعترف السيد دي غويه إنه قد أساء تفسير هذه الكلمة في معجم البلاذري.
عقبا لكل سنة: أتمنى لك سنة سعيدة، وهي تهنئة تقال عادة في اليوم الأول ن السنة في حلب. (بوشر).
عُقاب: عقاب منسوري، عقاب بحري، كاسر العظام. (الكالا).
عُقاب: أبو الخطاف، حدأة. (شيرب).
عُقاب: يطلق أصحاب الكيمياء اسم هذا الطائر على ملح النشادر. (دفيك ص8).
عقَّابية: لوز أخضر. (بوشر). عاقب: كان لنصارى نجران ثلاثة رؤساء: السيد هو القائد العسكري، والعاقب وهو الرئيس المدني، والأسقف. (معجم البلاذري، محيط المحيط).
عاقبة: آخر كل شيء وخاتمته، ويقال مثلاً: عاقبته ترجع عليك (بوشر).
بلسم التعقيبة: صمغ الكبيبة (بوشر).
مُعَقَّب: من له عَقَب. (الكامل ص242).
معاقب: متشدد، متعصب. (بوشر).

عقب

1 عَقَبَهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. عَقْبٌ, (TK,) He struck his عَقِب [or heel]. (S, K, TA.) b2: And عَقَبَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) aor. ـُ (Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. عَقْبٌ and عُقُوبٌ, (Msb, TA,) He came after him; [as though at his heel; and hence, properly, close after him; but often meaning near after him;] (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) followed him; succeeded him; (S, Mgh, K, TA;) came in, or took, his place; as also ↓ اعقبهُ: (S, K, TA:) and in like manner both are said of anything, (TA,) as also ↓ عقّبهُ, (Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. تَعْقِيبٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ عاقبهُ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ اعتقبهُ; (TA;) meaning it came after; (S, * Msb, K, * TA;) &c., as above: (TA:) and ↓ تعقّبهُ is used in this sense, but not rightly. (Mgh.) [All primarily denote proximate sequence.] You say, عَقَبُونَا and عَقَبُوا مِنْ خَلْفِنَا They came after us. (TA.) and عَقَبُونَا مِنْ خَلْفِنَا and ↓ عَقَّبُونَا They succeeded us, in alighting, or taking up their abode, after our departure. (TA.) And العِدَّةُ تَعْقُبُ الطَّلَاقَ The عِدَّة [q. v.] follows divorce. (Mgh, Msb.) and ابْنُهُ ↓ ذَهَبَ فُلَانٌ فَأَعْقَبَهُ, as also عَقَبَهُ, Such a one went away, and his son succeeded him, or took his place. (S, O.) And هٰذَا هٰذَا ↓ اعقب [This succeeded this] is said when the latter is gone, and there remains nothing of it, and the former has taken its place. (TA.) And one says, عَقَبَ فُلَانٌ مَكَانَ أَبِيهِ, (S, O, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَقْبٌ, (TA,) and quasi-inf. n. ↓ عَاقِبَةٌ, this being a subst. used in the sense of an inf. n., like as كَاذِبَةٌ is [said to be] in the Kur lvi. 2, (S, O,) or it is an inf. n. syn. with عَقْبٌ, (Msb in art. عفو,) Such a one succeeded, or took the place of, his father; (S, O, TA;) as also ↓ عقّب. (TA.) [Hence also several phrases here following.] b3: It is said in a trad., كُلُّ غَازِيَةٍ غَزَتْ يَعْقُبُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا i. e. [Every party that goes forth on a warring, or warring and plundering, expedition] shall take its turn, one after another:] when one company has gone forth and returned, it shall not be constrained to go forth again until another has taken its turn after it. (TA.) b4: عَقَبْتُ الرَّجُلَ فِى أَهْلِهِ means بَغَيْتُهُ بِشَرٍّ وَخَلَفْتُهُ [i. e. I sought to do evil to the man, and took his place (see art. خلف), with respect to his wife; i. e. I committed adultery with his wife]: (S, O:) or عَقَبَهُ signifies [simply]

بِغَاهُ بِشَرٍّ [he sought to do evil to him]: (K: [in which وَخَلَفَهُ seems to have been inadvertently omitted: but SM immediately adds what here follows:]) and one says also, عَقَبَ فِى إِثْرِ الرَّجُلِ بِمَا يُكْرَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَقْبٌ, meaning He accused the man [app. behind his back] of a thing disliked, or hated; he [so] defamed him, or charged him with a vice or fault or the like. (TA.) b5: عَقَبَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى فُلَانَةَ [like خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا] Such a man married such a woman after her first husband. (TA.) b6: عَقَبَ الشَّيْبُ, aor. ـِ and عَقُبَ, inf. n. عُقُوبٌ, Whiteness of the hair, or hoariness, came after [or took the place of] blackness: as also ↓ عقّب. (TA.) b7: عَقَبَ said of a horse, aor. ـِ [or عَقُبَ?], inf. n. عَقْبٌ, [which see below,] He performed a run after another run. (L, TA.) b8: عَقَبَتِ الإِبِلُ مِنْ مَكَانٍ إِلَى مَكَانٍ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَقْبٌ; and ↓ اعتقبت; The camels removed from place to place, pasturing. (IAar, TA.) b9: مَا عَقَبَ فِيهَا فَعَلَيْكَ مِنْ مَالِكَ, (TA,) or ↓ مَا عَقَّبَ, (so in the O, [in which فِى مالك is put in the place of من مالك,]) Whatever evil consequence happen to me, with respect to it, (referring to merchandise,) the responsibility for it will be on thee [and compensation shall be made from thy property]: and [تَعْقِبَةٌ (thus in the O) appears, from what follows, to be an inf. n. of the latter verb in this sense; or it may perhaps be from the former verb, like تَهْلِكَةٌ from هَلَكَ; for] one says, بَاعَنِى سِلْعَةً وَعَلَيْهِ تَعْقِبَةٌ إِنْ كَانَت فِيهَا [He sold me an article of merchandise, and was responsible for an evil consequence, (or for damage afterwards found in it,) should there be any in it]. (ISh, O, TA. *) b10: عَقَبَهُ and ↓ عقّبهُ and ↓ اعقبهُ signify also He took, or received, from him something in exchange, an exchange, a substitute, or an equivalent, for another thing: it is said in a trad., إِنْ لَمْ يَقْرُوهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَعْقُبَهُمْ بِمِثْلِ قِرَاهُ If they entertain him not. he shall have a right to take from them as a substitute the like of his entertainment which they denied him: and one says also مِنْهُ خَيْرًا ↓ استعقب, or شَرًّا, He took, or received, from him in exchange good, or evil: (TA:) and عَقَبَ الرَّجُلَ, aor. ـُ He took from the man's property the like of what he (the latter) had taken from him. (O, * TA.) After the words in the Kur lx. 11, وَإِنْ فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ, there are three different readings, ↓ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ, and ↓ فَعَقَّبْتُمْ, and فَعَقَبْتُمْ: (TA:) the first means and ye take, or carry off, spoil: (Masrook Ibn-El-Ajda', S, TA:) or the second has this meaning; and the first means and ye punish them so that ye take, or carry off, spoil: and the third means and ye have a requital: the second is the best; and the third is also good; but the second has a more intensive meaning: (Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, L, TA:) accord. to Fr, the first and second signify the same: (L, TA:) and As says that عَقْبٌ [inf. n. of عَقَبَ] is syn. with عِقَابٌ [inf. n. of عَاقَبَ; but whether with reference to this case, I do not find]. (TA.) b11: And عَقَبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَقْبٌ, also signifies He sought, or sought after, wealth, or some other thing. (TA.) A2: عَقَبَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ and عَقُبَ, (TA,) inf. n. عَقْبٌ, (S, O,) He bound a thing with [the kind of sinew, or tendon, called] عَقَب; as also ↓ عقّب [inf. n. تَعْقِيبٌ, of which see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَصْنَعٌ]: he bound therewith a خَوْق. i. e. the ring of an ear-drop, fearing lest it should incline on one side: or he bound an earring with a thread called عُقَاب: (TA:) and he wound round a bow, (S, O, K,) and an arrow, (S, O,) with [the kind of sinew, or tendon, called]

عَقَب, (O,) or with somewhat thereof: (S, K:) or عَقَبَهُ بِالعَقَبِ he bound it, namely, the [arrow termed] قِدْح, with the عَقَب, in consequence of its having broken. (IB, L, TA.) A3: عَقَبْنَا الرَّكِيَّةَ [thus I find it written without teshdeed, but perhaps it should be ↓ عَقَّبْنَا, from أَعْقَابُ الطَّىّ, (see عَقِبٌ,)] We lined the well with stones behind [the other] stones. (TA. [See also 4.]) A4: [The inf. n.]

العَقْبُ also signifies الرَّجْعُ, [which generally means The making, or causing, to return, or go back; but this may perhaps be a mistake for الرُّجُوعُ, for it is immediately added,] Dhu-rRummeh says, كَأَنَّ صِيَاحَ الكُدْرِ يَنْظُرْنَ عَقْبَنَا تَرَاطُنُ أَنْبَساطٍ عَلَيْهِ طَغَامِ meaning [As though the crying of the dusky she-camels] looking, or waiting, for our returning from watering that they might go to the water after us [were the barbarous talk of low, or ignoble, Nabathæans, over it, i. e. over the water]. (TA.) A5: عَقِبَ النَّبْتُ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. عَقَبٌ, The branches of the plant, or herbage, became slender, and the leaves thereof turned yellow. (IAar, TA. [See also 2.]) 2 عَقَّبَ see 1, first three quarters, in seven places. b2: The inf. n., تَعْقِيبٌ, signifies also The doing a thing and then returning to doing it: (IAth, TA:) the performing an act of prayer, or another act, and then returning to doing it in the same day: (Sh, TA:) and [particularly] the making a warring, or warring and plundering, expedition, and then another in the same year. (S, O, K.) [See also مُعَقِّبٌ.] You say, عقّب بِصَلَاةٍ بَعْدَ صَلَاةٍ, and بِغَزَاةٍ بَعْدَ غَزَاةٍ, He followed up one prayer with another, and one warring, or warring and plundering, expedition with another. (TA.) and صَلَّى مِنَ اللَّيْلِ ثُمَّ عَقَّبَ He prayed in the night and then repeated the prayer. (IAar, TA.) and عُقِّبَ الغَازِيَةُ بِأَمْثَالِهَا, and ↓ أُعْقِبَ, The warring, or warring and plundering, party was made to be followed by another, consisting of the likes of it, sent in its place. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. of 'Omar, كَانَ كُلَّ عَامٍ يُعَقِّبُ الجُيُوشَ He used, every year, to call back one party of the forces and to send another to take its turn after the former. (O, TA.) b3: Also The performing of prayer (IAth, O, K, TA) as a supererogatory act (TA) after the [prayers called] تَرَاوِيح: (IAth, O, K, TA:) such prayer is to be performed in the house, at home, (IAth, O, TA,) not in the mosque. (IAth, TA.) b4: And The waiting (K, TA) in prayer; or remaining in one's place in prayer waiting for another prayer. (TA.) And you say, عقّب فِى الصَّلَاةِ, (S, O,) inf. n. as above, (S, A, O, Msb, K,) He sat after the performing of the [ordinary] prayer for the purpose of a supplication (S, A, O, Msb, K) or a petition. (S, O, Msb.) وَلَّى مُدْبِرًا وَلَمْ يُعَقِّبْ, in the Kur [xxvii. 10 and xxviii. 31], means [He did did not turn back retreating] and did not wait; (O, TA;) properly, did not make advancing to follow his retreating: (O:) or and did not turn aside (S, Msb) nor wait in expectation: (S:) or and did not turn aside nor return: (O:) or and did not look aside: (K, * TA.) or and did not return; from عقّب said of a combatant, meaning He returned after fleeing: (Bd in xxvii. 10:) you say, عقّب عَلَيْهِ He returned against him; syn. كَرَّ, and رَجَعَ: and تَعْقِيبٌ signifies also The turning back, or receding, from a thing that one had desired to do. (TA.) b5: عَقَّبَ فِى الشَّيْبِ بِأَخْلَاقٍ حَسَنَةٍ [app. means He had latterly, in the time of hoariness, good dispositions]. (O. [The meaning that I have assigned to this phrase seems to be there indicated by the context: but I incline to think that the right reading is عُقِّبَ, (assumed tropical:) lit. He was made to be followed, in hoariness, by good dispositions; agreeably with what next follows.]) b6: آتَى فُلَانٌ إِلَىَّ خَيْرًا فَعُقِّبَ بِخَيْرٍ مِنْهُ [means Such a one caused good to betide me, and it was made to be followed by what was better than it]. (A, TA. [In the former it is followed by the words وَأَرْدِفَ بِخَيْرٍ مِنْهُ, evidently for the purpose of explanation.]) b7: [Hence,] one says, تَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا تَعْقِيبٌ, meaning اِسْتِشْنَآءٌ [i. e. He gave an alms in which was no making an exception by following it up with a condition]. (S, A, O, Msb. *) b8: عَقَّبَنِى حَقِّى He delayed, or deferred, the giving, or paying, to me my due. (S.) b9: عقّب الأَمْرَ He looked to the consequence, end, issue, or result, of the affair, event, or case. (TA. [See also 5.]) b10: And عقّب فِى الأَمْرِ He went repeatedly to and fro, or made repeated efforts, in seeking to accomplish the affair, striving, or exerting himself. (S, O, L, TA.) In the K, التَّعْقِيبُ [the inf. n.] is expl. as signifying التَّرَدُّدُ فِى طَلَبِ المَجْدِ: but the right reading is فِى طَلَبٍ مُجِدًّا. (TA.) [See also مُعَقِّبٌ.]

A2: عقّب said of the [plant called] عَرْفَج, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْقِيبٌ, (K,) It became yellow in its fruit, (S, O, K,) and attained to the season of its drying up: (S, O:) from عَقِبَ said of a plant or herbage. (TA.) A3: عقّب عُقَابًا, inf. n. as above, He planed off a stone of the kind called عُقَاب, in a well. (TA. [See also مُعَقِّبٌ.]) A4: See also 1, last quarter, in two places.3 عاقبهُ: see 1, second sentence. b2: Also عاقب الرَّجُلَ, (Mgh, * TA,) inf. n. مُعَاقَبَةٌ and عِقَابٌ, (Mgh,) He did a thing with the man alternately, each taking his turn; (Mgh, TA;) and so ↓ اعقبهُ. (TA.) And [particularly], (TA,) inf. n. مُعَاقَبَةٌ, (S, O,) He rode in his turn after the man, each riding in his turn; (S, O, TA;) as also ↓ اعقبهُ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ اعتقبهُ. (TA.) And عَاقَبْتُ الرَّجُلَ فِى الرَّاحِلَةِ I rode in my turn after the man, upon the camel, he riding in his turn after me. (S, O.) And in like manner you say, ↓ اِعْتَقَبُوهُ, and ↓ تَعَاقَبُوهُ They rode by turns with him, taking their turns after him. (TA.) b3: and عاقب بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ [He made an interchange, or alternation between the two things; he made the two things interchangeable, or commutable;] he brought, or did, the two things interchangeably, or alternately, i. e. one of them one time and the other of them another time. (TA.) [Thus, for instance,] العَرَبُ تُعَاقِبُ بَيْنَ الفَآءِ والثَّآءِ [The Arabs make an interchange between ف and ث; make ف and ث interchangeable, or commutable; i. e. put ف in the place of ث, and ث in the place of ف]; as in جَدَفٌ and جَدَثٌ; and ↓ تُعْقِبُ signifies the same. (S, O.) b4: And عاقب signifies also He stood upon one of his legs one time and upon the other another time; or moved his legs alternately. (TA.) b5: [عاقبهُ as denoting consequence, and retaliation, or retribution, also signifies He punished him.] You say, عاقبهُ بِذَنْبِهِ, (S, Msb, * TA,) inf. n. عِقَابٌ (S, Msb, TA) and مُعَاقَبَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) He punished him for his crime, sin, fault, or offence: (S, * Msb, * TA:) and [in like manner] ↓ تعقّبهُ He punished him (i. e. a man, S, O) for a crime, a sin, a fault, or an offence, that he had committed. (S, O, K.) In the saying in the Kur [xvi. last verse but one], وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمٌ بِهِ [And if ye punish, then punish ye with the like of that with which ye have been afflicted, lit. punished], the verb first denotes punishment, and is afterwards used for the purpose of assimilation: and similar to this is the saying in the same [xxii. 59], وَمَنْ عَاقَبَ بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبَ بِهِ [And whoso punisheth with the like of that with which he hath been afflicted, lit. punished]. (O.) For another ex., from the Kur lx. 11, [where it implies retaliation or retribution,] see 1, latter half. [In like manner,] it is said in a trad., أَبْطَلَ النَّفْحَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُضْرَبَ فَيُعَاقِبَ [He made the kicking of a beast with the hind leg to be of no account unless it were beaten by its master, or rider, and retaliated by kicking another person]; meaning, he made nothing to be incumbent on the master of the beast unless the latter made the kicking to be a consequence of that [i. e. unless the beast kicked in consequence of its being beaten by the master, or rider]. (TA.) [See also 4, which has a similar meaning, that of requital.] b6: عُوقِبَتْ said of a mare means She was required to perform run after run. (Ham p. 277.) 4 اعقبهُ: see 1, first quarter, in three places: b2: and see 3, in three places. b3: [Also He made him to take his place. And hence,] He descended from his beast in order that he (another) might ride in his turn: and one says also أَعْقِبْ meaning Descend thou in order that I may ride in my turn: and in like manner with respect to any kind of action: thus, when the office of Khaleefeh became transferred from the sons of Umeiyeh to the Háshimees, Sudeyf, the poet of the 'Abbásees, said, أَعْقِبِى آلَ هَاشِمٍ يَا مَيَّا meaning Descend from the station of the Khaleefehs that the family of Háshim may mount, O Meiyà [for O sons of Umeiyeh]. (TA.) b4: [And It made a thing to follow as a consequence to him: the verb in this sense being doubly trans.] One says, اعقبهُ نَدَمًا It occasioned him as its consequence repentance, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) and هَمًّا anxiety. (TA.) And أَكَلَ أَكْلَةً أَعْقَبَتْهُ سَقَمًا He ate a repast that occasioned him as its consequence a sickness. (S, O.) And [hence] أُعْقِبَ عِزُّهُ ذُلًّا His might was exchanged for, or changed into, [lit. made to be followed by,] abasement. (TA.) See also 2, first quarter, for another ex. [Hence, likewise,] فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا, in the Kur [ix. 78], means [Therefore He caused hypocrisy to follow as a consequence to them; or] He caused them to err, because of their evil deed, as a punishment to them. (O.) And [in like manner] one says, أَعْقَبَهُ اللّٰهُ بِإِحْسَانِهِ خَيْرًا [God gave him, or may God give him, as a recompense, or requital, for his beneficence, good, or prosperity]. (TA.) And اعقبهُ بِطَاعَتِهِ He recompensed, or requited, him for his obedience, (S, O, K, *) and عَلَى مَا صَنَعَ for what he did. (TA. [See also 3, which has a similar meaning, that of retribution.]) اعقبهُ خَيْرًا means also He gave him in exchange good. (TA.) See also 1, latter half, where the verb is expl. in the contr. sense, that of taking, or receiving, in exchange. b5: اعقبهُ الطَّائِفُ The diabolical visitation, or insanity, returned to him at times. (S, O.) b6: اعقب طَىَّ البِئْرِ بِحِجَارَةٍ مِنْ وَرَائِهَا [is app. from

أَعْقَابُ الطَّىِّ (see عَقِبٌ), and] means He laid stones compactly together at the back [behind the regular casing] of the well. (TA. [See also 1, near the end.]) A2: اعقب as intrans., He (a man) died, and left offspring. (S, O, K.) One says, أَعْقَبَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلَانِ وَدَرَجَ وَاحِدٌ [Two men of them died and left offspring, and one died and left no offspring]: and Tufeyl El-Ghanawee says, كَرِيمَةُ حُرِّ الوَجْهِ لَمْ تَدْعُ هَالِكًا

↓ مِنَ القَوْمِ هُلْكًا فِى غَدٍ غَيْرَ مُعْقِبِ [A female noble of countenance, (or whose nobility was manifest in what appeared of her countenance,) she did not invoke one of the people dead, on a morrow after an engagement, as having perished without leaving a successor, or one to fill his place:] i. e. when a chief of her people died, another chief came; so that she did not bewail a chief who had not his equal. (TA.) b2: He (a borrower of a cooking-pot) returned a cooking-pot with the remains termed عُقْبَة in it. (S, O, K.) b3: He (a man) returned from evil to good. (TA.) b4: اعقب عَلَيْهِ يَضْرِبُهُ He set upon him beating him. (O.) b5: أَعْقَبَتْ رَاحِلَتُكَ Thy riding-camel became, or has become, jaded, or fatigued. (O.) 5 تعقّب He looked to the consequence, end, issue, or result: and he considered a second time. (TA. [See also 2, last quarter.]) b2: تعقّب مِنْ أَمْرِهِ He repented of his affair. (TA.) b3: تعقّب عَنِ الخَبَرِ He doubted of the information, or questioned it, and asked again respecting it. (S, O, K, TA. [In my copies of the S, and in the O, الخَيْرِ: but see what follows; in which مُتَعَقَّب is used as a noun of place of the verb in this sense.]) Tufeyl says, ↓ وَلَمْ يَكُ عَمَّا خَبَّرُوا مُتَعَقَّبُ [And there was no place of, or ground for, doubting, and asking again, respecting what they told]. (S, O, TA.) And one says, لَمْ أَجِدْ عَنْ قَوْلِكَ

↓ مُتَعَقَّبًا, (A, TA,) i. e. [I found not] any place of, or ground for, inquiring into, or investigating, thy saying; syn. مُتَفَحَّصًا; (A, TA;) [or questioning it; or returning to examine it;] meaning, thy saying was right and true, so that it did not require التَّعَقُّب; (A;) or I did not allow myself to doubt, and ask again, respecting it, that I might see whether I should do what thou saidst or abstain from it. (TA.) b4: [And the verb is used transitively in a similar sense.] You say, تعقّب الخَبَرَ He searched after the information repeatedly, or time after time; (Mgh, * TA;) syn. تَتَبَّعَ: (Mgh, TA:) and ↓ اعتقب has a like meaning. (Ham p. 287.) And He asked respecting the information another person than the one whom he asked the first time. (A, TA.) b5: and تَعَقَّبْتُ الرَّجُلَ I sought to discover in the man that which he would be ashamed to expose; or the slip, or fault, that he had committed: and ↓ اِسْتَعْقَبْتُهُ signifies the same. (O, K. *) [In critical observations and the like, تعقّبهُ is often used as meaning He found fault with him; animadverted upon him; or impugned his judgment or assertion; بِقَوْلِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا by his saying so and so. and تعقّب عَلَيْهِ seems to be similarly used as meaning He animadverted upon his saying: (compare اِعْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ:) but more commonly as meaning he animadverted upon it, i. e. a saying, and the like.] b6: See also 3, near the middle of the para-graph. b7: تعقّب الأَمْرَ He thought repeatedly upon the affair, or case. (TA in art. روأ.) b8: تعقّب رَأْيَهُ He found his opinion to have a good issue, or result. (S, O. [See a somewhat similar signification of 8 and 10, under the former.]) b9: See also 1, second sentence. b10: [The saying of Aboo-Thumámeh, وَإِنْ مَنْطِقٌ زَلَّ عَنْ صَاحِبِى ↓ تَعَقَّبْتُ آخَرَ ذَا مُعْتَقَبْ may be rendered, nearly in accordance with an explanation by Et-Tebreezee, And if a speech slip by mistake from my companion, 1 substitute another having superiority: or تعقّبت may here mean I search out: but see the Ham p. 287; where are some remarks, on this verse, that appear to me to be fanciful and far-fetched.]6 يَتَعَاقَبَانِ (T, S, O, Msb, TA) They follow each other [by turns]; or alternate; (T, Msb, TA;) one coming and the other going; (TA;) said of the night and the day; (T, Msb;) or as the night and the day; (S, O, TA;) as also ↓ يَعْتَقِبَانِ. (TA.) You say, تَعَاقَبَ المُسَافِرَانِ عَلَى الدَّابَّةِ The two travellers rode upon the beast, each of them in his turn. (TA: and the like is said in the Msb.) And تعاقبا عَمَلًا They two did a work, or deed, by turns, or alternately: syn. اِرْتَوَحَاهُ, (K and TA in art. روح,) and تَرَاوَحَاهُ (TA in that art.) And تعاقبا They helped each other by turns. (TA.) And بِالضَّرْبِ ↓ يَعْتَقبَانِهِ They two ply him by turns with beating (A.) See also 3, near the beginning. التَّعَاقُبُ also signifies The coming to water [by turns, or] time after time. (TA.) 8 إِعْتَقَبَ see 1, former half, in two places: b2: and see 3, near the beginning, in two places; and 6, also in two places. b3: [اعتقبهُ signifies also He took it, or had it, subsequently. Thus one of the meanings of العُقْبَةُ is expl. in the A and TA by the words مَا يَعْتَقِبُونَهُ بَعْدَ الطَّعَامِ مِنَ الحَلَاوَةِ i. e. What they have, or take, after the main portion of the meal, consisting of sweetmeat. b4: And He had it, or experienced it, as a consequence of an act &c.: and that it may have ↓ مُعْتَقَبُ for an inf. n. in this sense (as well as in other senses agreeably with analogy) seems to be meant by its being said (in the Ham p. 287) that المُعْتَقَبُ signifies أَخْذُ عُقْبَةِ الشَّىْءِ i. e. آخِرِهِ. See also a somewhat similar signification of 5.] One says, فَعَلْتُ كَذَا فَاعْتَقَبْتُ مِنْهُ نَدَامَةً i. e. [I did such a thing and] I found, or experienced, in consequence thereof repentance; (S, O;) as also ↓ اِسْتَعْقَبْتُ. (A, O.) And مِنْ كَذَا خَيْرًا ↓ استعقب He found, or experienced, in consequence of such a thing, or after such a thing, good. (T, Msb.) And hence, perhaps, the saying of the lawyers, يَصِحُّ الشِّرَآءُ عِتْقًا ↓ إِذَا اسْتَعْقَبَ [as meaning The sale, or purchase, is valid when it has emancipation as an after-event]: but this does not agree with the former phrase unless by a far-fetched interpretation; and therefore one should say, إِذَا عَقَبَهُ العِتْقُ i. e. when emancipation follows it. (Msb.) b5: اعتقب also signifies He withheld, or detained, a thing in his possession. (TA.) And [particularly] He (a seller) withheld, or detained, an article of merchandise from the purchaser until he should receive the price: (S, A, O, K:) for the doing of which he is said in a trad. to be responsible; meaning, if it perish in his keeping. (S, A, O.) And He detained, confined, or imprisoned, a man. (S, O.) b6: See also 5.10 إِسْتَعْقَبَ see the next preceding paragraph, in three places: b2: and see also 1, latter half: b3: and 5. b4: [Accord. to Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag, استعقبهُ signifies also He followed his footsteps.]

عَقْبٌ: see عَقِبٌ, in eight places.

عُقْبٌ: see عَقِبٌ, in seven places.

عَقَبٌ The عَصَب [meaning sinews, or tendons,] of which أَوْتَار [i. e. strings for bows or the like] are made: (S, O, K: [see also 1, last quarter:]) n. un. with 3: (S, O:) or such as are white of the أَطْنَاب of the joints; (Mgh, Msb; [see عَصَبٌ;]) the عَصَب being such as are yellow: (Mgh and Msb in art. عصب:) accord. to IAth, the عَصَب [or sinews, or tendons,] of the two portions of flesh next the back-bone on either side, and of the سَاقَانِ and وَظِيفَانِ [meaning the hind and fore shanks], that are intermingled with the flesh, of any animal; the half of one whereof, divided lengthwise from the other half, is extended, or drown out, and trimmed, and cleansed of the flesh, and the وَتَر [or string for the bow or the like] is made thereof; and they are sometimes in the two sides of the camel; but [properly speaking] there is a difference between the عَصَب and the عقَب; the former being such as incline to yellow, whereas the latter incline to white, and are the harder, and firmer, or stronger, of the two: AHn says, on the authority of Aboo-Ziyád, that the عَقَب are [the sinews, or tendons,] of the two portions of flesh next the back-bone on either side, of the sheep or goat, and of the camel, and of the ox or cow,(TA.) [See also عِلْبَآءٌ.]

عَقِبٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ عَقْبٌ, (Msb, TA,) the latter being a contraction of the former, (Msb,) [The heel of a human being;] the hinder part of the foot of a human being: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) of the fem. gender: (S, O, Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَعْقُبٌ (TA) and [of mult. as well as of pauc.] أَعْقَابٌ: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَقِيبٌ is said to signify the same; but MF cites an assertion that this is a word of a bad dialect. (TA.) وَيْلٌ لِلْأَعْقَابِ مِنَ النَّارِ [Wo to the heels from the fire of Hell], (O, Msb, TA,) and ويل لِلْعَقِبِ من النّار [Who to the heel &c.], (TA,) occurring in a trad., means wo to him who neglects the washing of the heels in the ablution preparatory to prayer. (O, * Msb, TA. *) عَقِبُ الشَّيْطَانِ, (O, Msb, TA,) or, as some say, ↓ عُقْبَةُ الشيطان, (Msb, TA,) with damm, (TA,) which is forbidden in prayer, is expl. as meaning The placing the buttocks upon the heels between the two prostrations; which is what some term الإِقْعَآءُ: (Mgh, * O, Msb, TA:) so says A'Obeyd: (Msb:) or, accord. to some, this means the leaving the heels unwashed in the ablution preparatory to prayer. (O.) وَطِئَ النَّاسُ عَقِبَ فُلَانٍ [lit. The people trod upon the heel of such a one] means the people walked after, or near after, such a one: and in like manner, هُوَ مُوَطَّأُ العَقِبِ [lit. He is one whose heel is trodden upon]: (O, TA; *) because of his having command over people, and their being submissive to him: (O:) the latter phrase means he is one who has many followers: (A, TA: [see also art. وطأ:]) جَآءَ زَيْدٌ يَطَأُ عَقِبَ عَمْرٍو primarily signifies Zeyd came putting his foot in the place of the foot [or heel] of 'Amr every time that the latter raised his foot. (Msb.) And one says, مِنْ أَيْنَ عَقِبُكَ, (A, O,) or مِنْ أَيْنَ كَانَ عَقِبُكَ, (TA,) meaning Whence camest thou? or Whence hast thou come? (A, O, TA.) and رَجَعَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى عَقِبِهِ Such a one returned by the way of his heel; i. e., by the way that was behind him, and whence he had come; quickly. (Msb.) And وَلَّى عَلَى عَقِبِهِ, and عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ, He turned back, or receded, from a thing to which he had betaken himself. (TA.) لَا تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ, occurring in a trad., means Turn not thou them back to their former condition of not emigrating [for the sake of religion]: and مَا زَالُوا مُرْتَدِّينَ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ, in another trad., means They ceased not to return to infidelity: as though they went back wards. (TA.) b2: The عَقِب of the نَعْل [or sandal] is The part [or wide strap] that embraces the heel. (AO, in an anom. MS. in my possession.) b3: [And عَقِبُ البَابِ means The pivot (generally of wood) at the bottom of the door, turning in a socket in the threshold.] b4: and عَقِبٌ and ↓ عَقْبٌ (TA) and ↓ عُقُبٌ and ↓ عُقْبٌ (S, O, Msb, K, TA) and ↓ عُقْبَى and ↓ عُقْبَةٌ and ↓ عُقْبَانٌ and ↓ عِقْبَانٌ and ↓ عَاقِبٌ (TA) are syn. with ↓ عَاقِبَةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) which signifies, (S, O, Msb, K,) i. e. as signifying, (TA,) The end; or the last, or latter, part or state; [but generally as explanatory of this last word, and often as explanatory of عُقُبٌ and عُقْبٌ and عُقْبَى, as meaning the consequence, or result, or issue;] of anything: (S, O, Msb, K, TA:) [and the same words, app. with the exception of عُقْبَى and عَاقِبَةٌ, signify also a time, or state, of subsequence:] the pl. [of the first four words is أَعْقَابٌ, and] of the last عَوَاقِبُ. (TA.) Hence, (S,) it is said in the Kur [xviii. 42], ↓ هُوَ خَيْرٌ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ عُقُبًا [or ↓ عُقْبًا or ↓ عُقْبَى, accord. to different readings, i. e. He is the best in respect of recompense, or reward, and the best in respect of consequence, or result, or issue; i. e., the consequence of the actions &c. of believers]. (S, O.) And in the same [xci. last verse], ↓ وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا i. e. And He feareth not the consequence thereof. (Th, TA.) And they said, لَكَ فِى الخَيْرِ ↓ العُقْبَى meaning العَاقِبَةُ [i. e. May the end to thee be in that which is good; or may thy case end in good]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., سَافَرَ فِى عَقِبِ رَمَضَانَ, (T, O, Msb,) meaning He journeyed in the end, or the last, or latter, part, of Ramadán: (T, Msb:) or, when Ramadán had almost ended. (O.) One says, جِئْتُ فِى عَقِبِ رَمَضَانَ, (ISk, S, O, * Msb, *) with kesr to the ق, (ISk, S,) meaning [I came] when there was somewhat remaining of Ramadán. (ISk, S, O, * Msb.) And جِئْتُكَ فِى عَقِبِ الشَّهْرِ, and ↓ فى عَقْبِهِ, and عَلَى عَقِبِهِ, I came to thee in the latter part of the month, when ten days of it, or less, remained. (L.) هُوَ فِى عَقِبِ المَرَضِ He is in the state of convalescence in which somewhat remains of the disease: (Msb:) and فِى أَعْقَابِ المَرَضِ in the [state in which there are some] remains of the disease. (TA.) One says also, جَآءَ فِى عَقِبِهِ and ↓ عَقْبِهِ, meaning He came after him; or near after him; [as though at his heel; and hence, properly, close after him;] and جَآءَ عَقِبَهُ; from the phrase جَآءَ زَيْدٌ يَطَأُ عَقِبَ عَمْرٍو, meaning as expl. above. (Msb.) And بَنُو فُلَانٍ سَقْىُ إِبِلِهِمْ عَقِبَ بَنِى فُلَانٍ i. e. [The sons of such a one, the watering of their camels is] after [that of] the sons of such a one; a saying mentioned by ISk. (Msb.) And صَلَّيْنَا أَعْقَابَ الفَرِيضَةِ تَطَوُّعًا i. e. [We performed prayer] after the obligatory [by way of supererogation]. (Lh, IF, Msb, TA.) And جِئْتُ فِى عَقِبِ الشَّهْرِ i. e. I came after the month had passed. (El-Fárábee, Msb.) And خَلَفَ فُلَانٌ بعَقِبِى Such a one remained, or stayed, after me. (Msb.) Er-Rázee says, in the Mukhtár es-Siháh, that he had found no authority in the T nor in the S for the phrase جَآءَ فُلَانٌ عقبَ فُلَانٍ

[app. عَقِبَ], meaning Such a one came after such a one, except a similar saying of ISk, cited by Az, in which عقبَ is expl. as signifying after. (TA.) [But if the word in question be عَقِبَ, sufficient authorities for its use in this sense have been cited above: though it seems from what here follows that عُقُبَ or عُقْبَ in this sense is preferable.] One says, شَهْرِ ↓ جِئْتُ فِى عُقْبِ رَمَضَانَ, (S,) or ↓ عُقُبِهِ, (O,) and ↓ عَلَى عُقْبِهِ and ↓ عُقُبِهِ, (L,) and ↓ فِى عُقْبَانِهِ, (S, O,) meaning I came when the whole of the month of Rama-dán had passed: (S, O, L:) and ↓ جِئْتُكَ عُقْبَ رَمَضَانَ I came to thee at the end of Ramadán: and مَمَرِّهِ ↓ جِئْتُ فُلَانًا عَلَى عُقْبِ and ↓ عُقُبِهِ and عَقِبِهِ and ↓ عُقْبَانِهِ I came to such a one after he had gone: and ذَاكَ ↓ أَتَيْتُكَ عَلَى عُقُبِ and عَقِبَ ذاك and ذاك ↓ عَقْبِ and ذاك ↓ عُقْبَانِ I came to thee after that: and قُدُومِهِ ↓ جِئْتُهُ عُقْبَ I came to him after his arrival. (Lh, TA.) One says also, آلِ فُلَانٍ ↓ فُلَانٌ يَسْتَقِى عَلَى عُقْبَةِ Such a one draws water after the family of such a one. (TA.) And MF mentions ↓ جِئْتُكَ عَلَى عَاقِبِهِ [app. meaning I came to thee after him, or it]: and Aboo-Mis-hal mentions [app. in this sense] ↓ عِقْبَانِهِ, with kesr. (TA.) b5: عَقِبٌ (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عَقْبٌ (S, O, Msb, K) also signify The child, or children, (S, A, O, Msb, K,) of a man; (S, O;) as also ↓ عَاقِبَةٌ: (S, O, K:) and the child, or children, of the child or children, (S, A, O, Msb, K,) of a man: (S, O:) applied to such as remain after the father: (TA:) or a man's offspring; (Mgh;) and so ↓ عَاقِبَةٌ: (Msb:) or his male children: and, accord. to some of the lawyers, the children of the daughters [of a man, also]: (Mgh:) of the fem. gender, on the authority of Akh: (S, O:) pl. أَعْقَابٌ. (TA.) The Arabs say, لَا عَقِبَ لَهُ, meaning There is, or are, no male offspring remaining to him: (TA:) and ↓ لَيْسَتْ لِفُلَانٍ عَاقِبَةٌ There is, or are, to such a one, no [remaining] child, or children. (S, O, Msb.) b6: شَىْءٍ ↓ عَقْبُ [or عَقِبُ شَىْءٍ] signifies A thing, whatever it be, that follows, succeeds, comes after, or takes the place of, a thing; as the water of a well, and the blowing of the wind, and the flying of the sand-grouse (القَطَا), and the running of a horse. (TA. [See also عَاقِبٌ.]) b7: And عَقِبٌ, (IAar, IF, A, Msb,) or ↓ عَقْبٌ, (S, K,) or, as As says, each of these, some of the Arabs using the latter form, by way of contraction, (Msb,) A run after another run, (As, IF, S, Msb, K,) of a horse: (As, IF, S, Msb:) or the last, or latter, run, of a horse: (IAar, Msb:) or one says of a courser, هُوَ ذُوْ عَفْوٍ وَعَقِبٍ meaning He has a first run, and a subsequent, and more vehement, run: (A:) and ↓ عِقَابٌ is said in the L to have the first of these meanings: (TA:) or it is pl. of عَقْبٌ [or عَقِبٌ] as having that meaning: (Ham p. 358:) an ex. of it occurs in the following verse, (Ham, TA,) cited by IAar: (TA:) يَمْلَأُ عَيْنَيْكَ بِالفِنَآءِ وَيُرْ ضِيكَ عِقَابًا إِنْ شِئْتَ أَوْ نَزَقَا [That would satisfy thine eye by his beauty, in the area before the dwelling, and content thee by run after run, or by runs after runs, if thou wilt, or by lightness, or agility]: (Ham, TA:) [or it may be here an inf. n., (of 3,) meaning on an occasion of being required to perform run after run: (see 3, last sentence:)] or, accord. to IAar, the meaning in this instance is, by his owner's making, upon him, warring, or warring and plundering, expeditions time after time: (TA:) accord. to Kh, لَهُ عِقَابٌ, said of a horse, means he has a recovering of strength (جمام [i. e. جَمَامٌ]) after ceasing to run. (Ham ubi suprà.) b8: Hence, A reply: so in the saying, relating to him who stops, or breaks off, in speech, لَوْ كَانَ لَهُ عَقِبٌ لَتَكَلَّمَ [If he had a reply, assuredly he would have spoken]. (A, TA.) b9: See also عِقْبَةٌ.

عُقُبٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in six places.

عَقْبَةُ القَمَر i. q. عِقْبَةُ القَمَرِ, q. v. (L.) A2: and عَقْبَةٌ and ↓ عِقْبَةٌ signify Variegated, or figured, cloth: (TA:) or one of the sorts of variegated, or figured, cloths [that serve for the covering] of the [women's camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج: (O, K, TA:) as also عَقْمَةٌ: (O, TA:) accord. to Yaakoob, the ب is a substitute for م. (TA.) عُقْبَةٌ: see عَقِبٌ, in three places. b2: Also The last that remains: so in the saying, فُلَانٌ عُقْبَةُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ [Such a one is the last that remains of the sons of such a one]. (L.) b3: And A turn; or time at which, or during which, anything is, or is to be, done, or had, in succession: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) pl. عُقَبٌ. (Msb.) One says, تَمَّتْ عُقْبَتُكَ Thy turn is completed. (S, O.) And دَارَتْ عُقْبَةُ فُلَانٍ The turn of such a one came round. (TA.) And رَكِبَ عُقْبَةً He rode one turn: and رَكِبَ عُقْبَتَهُ He rode his turn, or in his turn. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., مَنْ مَشَى عَنْ دَابَّتِةِ عُقْبَةً فَلَهُ كَذَا Whoso walks a turn to a certain point, instead of his beast, to him shall be given such a thing. (TA.) عُقْبَةُ الأجِيرِ meansThe hired-man's turn to ride; when the hirer dismounts, for example in the morning, and he (the former) rides. (Mgh.) And [the pl.] عُقَبٌ means [particularly] The turns of camels, when they are being watered: the watering of a number of camels together after another number is termed their عُقْبَة. (TA.) [See also عُقْبَى.] b4: And [it is said that] it means also Camels which a man pastures and waters in his turn; and IAar cites as an ex.

إِنَّ عَلَىَّ عُقْبَةً أَقْضِيهَا لَسْتُ بِنَاسِيهَا وَلَا مُنْسِيهَا

[but this I would rather render, Verily I have incumbent on me a turn to pasture and water camels; and I perform it; I am not a neglecter thereof nor a delayer of it]; meaning I drive the camels which I pasture and water in my turn, and I tend them well: مُنْسِيهَا is for مُنْسِئِهَا, for the sake of the rhyme. (TA.) b5: Also The place in which one mounts a beast to ride [app. in his turn]. (TA.) b6: And The distance, or space, of two leagues; i. e. twice the distance termed فَرْسَخ: and the distance to which one journeys [app. from one halting-place to the next; i. e. a stage of a journey]: pl. as above: a poet says, خَوْدًا ضِنَاكًا لَا تَسِيرُ العُقَبَا [Soft, or tender, heavy in the hinder part, that will not perform men's marches]; meaning that she will not [or cannot] journey with men, because she will not endure the doing so on account of her soft and delicate life. (TA.) b7: And The distance, or space, between the ascending and descending of a bird. (S, O, K.) b8: And The night and the day; because they follow each other. (K.) b9: And A substitute; or thing that is given, or taken, in exchange for another thing; (S, O, L, K;) as also ↓ عُقْبَى. (L, TA.) One says, أَخَذْتُ مِنْ أَسِيرِى عُقْبَةً I took, or received, for my captive, a substitute, or something in exchange. (S, O.) And ↓ سَأُعْطِيكَ مِنْهَا عُقْبَى occurs in a trad., meaning I will give thee something in exchange [for her, i. e.] for sparing her life, and liberating her. (L, TA.) b10: And Pasture, or food, of an ostrich, that is eaten after other pasture or food: [and likewise of camels: and of men:] pl. as above. (AA, S, O.) One says of camels, رَعَتْ عُقْبَتَهَا i. e. They pastured upon the [kind of plants termed] حَمْض after the [kind termed] خُلَّة; (A, L;) or upon the خُلَّة after the حَمْض: (L:) and of men one says, أَكَلُوا عُقْبَتَهُمْ They ate their repast of sweetmeat after the other food. (A, TA. [See 8, near the beginning.]) b11: And The remains of the contents of a cooking-pot, adhering to the bottom. (TA.) and Somewhat of broth which the borrower of a cooking-pot returns when he returns the pot. (S, O, K.) b12: [Hence,] أُمُّ عُقْبَةَ is an appellation of The cooking-pot. (T in art. ام.) أَبْو عُقْبَةَ is a surname of The hog. (Har p. 663. [But the origin of this I know not.]) b13: One says also, لَقِيتُ مِنْهُ عُقْبَةَ الصُّنْعِ, meaning I experienced from him, or it, difficulty: [as though lit. signifying, the result of the deed that I had done:] and [simply]

لَقِىَ مِنْهُ عُقْبَةً He experienced from him, or it, difficulty. (TA. [But in a copy of the A, and in my opinion correctly, the last word in this phrase is written ↓ عَقَبَةً: see عَقَبَةٌ, below.]) b14: And كُنْتُ مَرَّةً نُشْبَة وَأَنَا اليَوْمَ عُقْبَة, expl. by IAar as meaning I was such that, when I clung to a man, he experienced evil from me; but now I have reverted from being such, through weakness. (TA. [It is a prov., somewhat differently related in art. نشب, q. v.]) b15: See also the next paragraph, in four places.

عِقْبَةٌ (Lh, S, O, K) and ↓ عُقْبَةٌ, (Lh, O, K,) but the former is the more approved, (Lh, TA,) and عقب, (so in the TA, [app., if not a mistranscription, ↓ عَقِبٌ,]) A mark, sign, trace, impress, characteristic, or outward indication. (Lh, S, O, K.) One says, عَلَيْهِ عِقْبَةُ السَّرْوِ, (S, O,) and ↓ عُقْبَتُهُ, (O,) and الجَمَالِ, (S, O,) i. e. Upon him is the mark &c. [of generosity and manliness, and of beauty]. (S, O, K.) b2: عِقْبَةُ القَمَرِ and ↓ عَقْبَةُ القمر mean The return of the moon, when it has set, or disappeared, and then risen: (L:) [or the return of the moon after the change; for] one says, مَا يَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ إِلَّا عِقْبَةَ القَمَرِ, (S,) or ↓ عُقْبَةَ القمر, (so in the O,) meaning He does not that save once in each month: (S, O:) but, accord. to IAar, القَمَرِ ↓ عُقْبَةُ, with damm, is a certain star, or asterism, which is in conjunction with the moon once in the year; and عُقْبَةَ القَمَرِ means once in the year: so in the following verse, of one of the Benoo-'Ámir: لَا يُطْعِمُ المِسْكَ وَالكَافُورَ لِمَّتَهُ وَلَا الذَّرِيرَةَ إِلَّا عُقْبَةَ القَمَرِ [He will not apply to his hair that descends below the ear musk and camphor, nor the perfume called ذريرة, save once in the year]: or, as Lh relates it, عِقْبَةَ القمر: thus in the L; in which it is added that this saying of IAar requires consideration, because the moon cuts [a meridian of] the celestial sphere once in every month: but MF replies that it may be in conjunction with the said star only once in the year, as the moon's path varies in each successive month. (TA. [See also عَقْمَةٌ.]) A2: See also عَقْبَةٌ.

عَقَبَةٌ [A mountain-road;] a road in [or upon] a mountain: (Bd in xc. 11:) or a road in the upper part of a mountain: (Ham p. 287:) or a difficult place of ascent of the mountains: (K:) or it is in a mountain and the like thereof: (Msb:) or [it sometimes signifies] a long mountain that lies across the way, and over which the way therefore leads; long, or high, and very difficult; so called, too, when it is further impassable after it is ascended; rising high towards the sky, ascending and descending; most difficult of ascent; but sometimes its height is one [or uniform]; and its acclivity is in appearance like a wall: (TA:) [generally it means a road over, or up, or down, or over some part of, a mountain:] pl. عِقَابٌ. (S, O, Msb, K.) اِقْتَحَمَ العَقَبَةَ [properly signifying He attempted the mountain-road] is metaphorically used as meaning He entered upon a hard, or difficult, affair. (Bd in xc. 11.) See also عُقْبَةٌ, near the end. b2: It is also n. un. of عَقَبٌ [q. v.]. (S, O.) عُقْبَى: see عَقِبٌ, second quarter, in four places. b2: It occurs in a trad. respecting the prayer of fear; in which it is said of that prayer, كَانَتْ عُقْبَى [It was an affair of turns]; meaning that it was performed by one company after another; several companies performing it successively, by turns. (TA. [Compare عُقْبَةٌ as expl. in the third sentence of the paragraph on that word.]) b3: Also i. q. مرجع [app. مَرْجِعٌ i. e. A returning, &c.]. (TA.) b4: And The requital, or recompence, of an affair, or action. (S, O, K.) b5: See also عُقْبَةٌ, latter half, in two places.

عُقْبِىُّ الكَلَامِ i. q. عُقْمِىُّ الكَلَامِ, [the ب being app. a substitute for م,] i. e. Obscure speech or language, which men do not know. (TA in art. عقم.) عُقْبَانٌ: see عَقِبٌ, in four places.

عِقْبَانٌ: see عَقِبٌ, in two places.

رَجُلٌ عِقِبَّانٌ A rough, coarse, or rude, man; syn. غَلِيظٌ: pl. عقبان [so in the TA, either عِقْبَانٌ or عُقْبَانٌ]: mentioned by Kr: but Az doubted its correctness. (TA.) عُقَابٌ [The eagle;] a certain bird, (S, O, K,) of those that prey, (Msb,) well known: (K:) of the fem. gender: (S, O, Msb:) [though] applied to the male and the female; but with this distinction, that you say of the male, هٰذَا عُقَابٌ ذَكَرٌ [This is a male eagle]: or it is only female; and a bird of another kind couples with it; whence Ibn-'Oneyn says, satirizing a person named Ibn-Seyyideh, Say thou to Ibn-Seyyideh, مَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا كَالْعُقَابِ فَأُمُّهُ مَعْرُوفَةٌ وَلَهُ أَبٌ مَجْهُولُ [“ Thou art not other than the like of the eagle; ” for his mother is known, but he has a father unknown]: (MF, TA:) the pl. (of pauc., S, O) is أَعْقُبٌ, (S, O, K,) because it is of the fem. gender and the measure أَفْعُلٌ specially belongs to pls. of fem. nouns [though not to such exclusively], (S, O,) and أَعْقِبَةٌ, (Kr, TA,) and (of mult., S, O) عِقْبَانٌ (S, O, K) and عَقَائِبُ accord. to AHei, but Ed-Demámeenee thinks this to be strange; and pl. pl. عَقَابِينُ. (TA.) عِقْبَانُ الجِرْذَانِ [The eagles that prey upon the large field-rats] are not black, but of the colour termed كُهْبَة; and no use is made of their feathers, except that boys feather with them round-topped pointless arrows. (AHn, TA.) b2: [Hence,] العُقَابُ is the name of (assumed tropical:) One of the northern constellations, [i. e. Aquila,] the stars of which are nine within the figure, and six without, of the former of which are three well known, called النَّسْرُ الطَّائِرُ [q. v.]. (Kzw.) b3: [Hence also,] (assumed tropical:) The عُقَاب of the banner, or standard; (S, O;) [app. meaning the flag attached to a lance;] what is bound [to a lance] for a prefect, or governor; likened to the bird so called; and of the fem. gender. (L, TA.) It is also the name of (assumed tropical:) The banner, or standard, of the Prophet. (O, K.) And عُقَابٌ also means (assumed tropical:) A large banner or standard. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) i. q. غَايَةٌ: so in the saying of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, describing wine, لَهَا غَايَةٌ تَهْدِى الكِرَامَ عُقَابُهَا [meaning It has a banner, which guides the generous; like as the military banner guides and attracts warriors: for غَايَةٌ sometimes signifies a sign which the vintner used to set up to attract customers]: the repetition is approvable because of the difference of the two words in themselves: pl. عِقْبَانٌ. (TA.) b4: عُقَابٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A black she-camel; as being likened to the bird. [so called], (AA, O.) b5: And A stone (or piece of rock, L) protruding in the inside of a well, which lacerates the [leathern] bucket; (S, O, K, TA;) sometimes it is before [i. e. above] the casing [of stones or bricks]: it is when a mass of stone becomes displaced; and sometimes the water-drawer stands upon it: it is of the fem. gender: pl. as above. (TA.) And The stone upon which the waterer stands, (O, K,) [accord. to SM,] projecting beyond the casing in a well, the same that is meant in the next preceding sentence, (TA,) [but this I think doubtful, for Sgh adds,] between two stones which support it. (O.) Accord. to IAar, the قَبِيلَة is a mass of stone, or rock, at the mouth of a well; and the عُقَابَانِ are [two masses of stone] at the two sides of the قبيلة, supporting it. (TA.) And A rock, or mass of stone, projecting in the side of a mountain, like a stair, or series of steps: (S, O, K:) or an ascent, like stairs, in the side of a mountain. (TA.) b6: Also A hill; syn. رَابِيَةٌ. (O, K.) And Anything elevated, that is not very long or tall. (O, K. *) b7: A channel by which water flows to a trough, or tank. (O, K.) b8: A thing resembling an almond, that comes forth in one of the legs of a beast. (O, K.) b9: A small thread that enters into [or passes through] the two bores of the ring of the قُرْط [or ear-drop], (O, K, *) with which the latter is bound, or fastened: (O:) or, accord. to Az, the thread that binds the two extremities of the ring of the قُرْط. (TA.) b10: Accord. to Th, it signifies also Garments of the kind called أَبْرَاد [pl. of بُرْدٌ, q. v.]. (TA voce خُدَارِيَّةٌ.) b11: And accord. to Kr, [in the Munjid,] i. q. حَرْثٌ [app. meaning A ploughshare]. (TA.) b12: See also أَعْقَابٌ. b13: And العُقَابَانِ signifies Two pieces of wood between which a man is extended to be flogged: (L, TA:) or two pieces of wood which are set up, stuck in the ground, between which he who is beaten, or he who is [to be] crucified, is extended. (Mgh.) عِقَابٌ: see عَقِبٌ, last quarter.

A2: It is also pl. of عَقَبَةٌ [q. v.]. (S, &c.) A3: See also أَعْقَابٌ.

عَقُوبٌ: see عَاقِبٌ, near the end.

عَقِيبٌ Anything that is a sequent, of, or to, another thing; [in an absolute sense,] (S, Msb, TA,) as when you say, السَّلَامُ عَقِيبٌ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ [The salutation is a sequent to the تشهّد (q. v.)], and العِدَّةُ عَقِيبٌ لِلطَّلَاقِ [The عِدَّة (q. v.) is a sequent to divorcement], i. e., one follows the other; (Msb;) and [by alternation,] as when one says of the night and the day, كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَقِيبُ صَاحِبِهِ [Each of them is the alternating sequent of its correlative]: (Az, Msb, TA:) you say of the night and the day, هُمَا عَقِيبَانِ [They are two alternating sequents]; and عَقِيبُكَ signifies He who does a deed, or work, with thee by turn, he doing it one time and thou another: (A, * TA:) and ↓ مُعَاقِبٌ signifies the same, (S, Msb,) as also [↓ مُعْقِبٌ and ↓ مُعْتَقِبٌ and] ↓ مُعَقِّبٌ. (Msb.) As for the saying of the lawyers, يَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ عَقِيبَ الصَّلَاةِ [meaning He does that after the prayer], and the like thereof, there is no reason to be given but a suppression; the meaning being, فِى

وَقْتٍ عَقِيب وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ [in a time following that of prayer], عقيب being an epithet qualifying وقت: (Msb:) and Er-Rázee says, in the Mukhtár es-Siháh, that he had found no authority in the T nor in the S for the phrase جَآءَ عَقِيبَهُ meaning He came after him. (TA.) See also عَقِبٌ, first sentence. [And compare عَاقِبٌ.]

عُقُوبَةٌ Punishment; (S, * MA, Msb, * KL;) i. q. نَكَالٌ. (MA.) b2: And Detention, confinement, or imprisonment: so in the trad., لَىُّ الوَاجِدِ يُحِلُّ عُقُوبَتَهُ وَعَرْضَهُ i. e. [The solvent man's putting off the payment of his debt with promises repeated time after time renders allowable] the imprisoning of him and the accusing of him. (IAar, TA. [Accord. to one relation, mentioned in the TA in art. عرض, this trad. ends with وَعِرْضَهُ, there said to mean وَنَفْسَهُ.]) عُقَيِّبٌ, with teshdeed of the ى, (O,) or عُقَّيْبٌ, like قُبَّيْطٌ, (K,) A certain bird, (O, K,) well known. (O.) [If the name be correctly as in the O, the bird meant is probably an eaglet, or a small species of eagle.]

عُقَابٌ عَقَنْبَاةٌ, and عَبَنْقَاةٌ, and بَعْنَقَاةٌ, (S, O, K,) and قَعْنَبَاةٌ, (O,) and عَبَنْقَآءُ, (K in art عبق,) the vars. of the first being formed by transposition, (O,) An عُقَاب [or eagle] having sharp talons: (S, O, K:) or having abominable, or hideous, talons: (T, TA:) or quick in seizing, and abominable, or hideous: accord. to IAar, the epithet denotes intensiveness of quality, as in the cases of أَسَدٌ أَسِدٌ and كَلْبٌ كَلِبٌ: accord. to Lth, عَقْنْبَاةٌ applied to an عُقَاب signifies cunning: and the pl. is عَقَنْبَيَاتٌ. (TA.) [See also art. عبق.]

عَاقِبٌ [act. part. n. of عَقَبَ;] Coming after [&c.]. (Msb.) عَاقِبُ شَىْءٍ means Any person [or thing] that comes after, or succeeds, or comes in the place of, a thing. (S, O, TA.) العَاقِبُ is an appellation applied to the Prophet (S, O, Msb) by himself (S, O) because he came after other prophets, (Msb,) meaning The last of the prophets, (S, O.) And عَاقِبٌ لِامْرَأَةٍ means One who is the last of the husbands of a woman. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] عَاقِبَةٌ مِنْ طَيْرٍ Birds succeeding one another, this alighting and flying, and then another alighting in the place where the former alighted. (TA.) And إِبِلٌ عَاقِبَةٌ Camels that betake themselves to plentiful pasture where they feed freely, after eating of the [kind of plants called] حَمْض: [or] they are not so called unless they be camels that, in a severe year, eat of trees, and then of the حمض; not when they pasture upon fresh, juicy, or tender, herbage. (IAar, TA.) And إِبِلٌ عَوَاقِبُ Camels that drink water, and then return to the place where they lie down by the water, and then go to the water again. (IAar, S, O, K.) b3: And عَاقِبٌ signifies also A successor of another in goodness, or beneficence; and so ↓ عَقُوبٌ. (O, K.) b4: And A chief, or lord: or one who is below the chief or lord: (TA:) or the successor of the chief or lord. (S, K.) b5: See also عَقِبٌ, in two places.

عَاقِبَةٌ a quasi-inf. n.: see 1, first quarter. b2: See also عَقِبٌ, in four places.

أَعْقَابٌ pl. of عَقِبٌ [q. v.]. (Msb, TA.) b2: and [hence] Streaks, one behind another; as streaks of fat so disposed. (TA.) b3: And Pottery [or potsherds] put between the bricks in the casing of a well, in order that it may become strong; said by Kr to have no sing.: (TA:) [or,] accord. to IAar, ↓ عِقَابٌ, i. e. like كِتَابٌ, (TA,) or ↓ عُقَابٌ, (thus written in the O,) signifies pottery [or potsherds] between the rows, or courses, of bricks, (O, * TA,) in the casing of a well. (O.) [IAar cites an ex., in a verse, in which اعقاب would not be admissible.] And أَعْقَابُ الطَّىِّ signifies What surround the casing of a well; i. e. what are behind it. (TA. [See 4, latter half.]) تَعْقِيبَةٌ a modern word signifying A catchword at the bottom of a page: pl. تَعَاقِيبُ.]

مُعْقَبٌ [appears, from what here follows, to be used for مُعْقَبٌ حَالُهُ i. e. One whose state is changed]. IAar cites as an ex. of this word, كُلُّ حَىٍّ مُعْقَبٌ عُقَبَا meaning [Every living being] comes to a state different from that in which he was [by turns, or time after time]. (TA.) مُعْقِبٌ [accord. to the O, مِعْقَبٌ, but this I think a mistranscription,] A star that succeeds, i. e. rises after, another star, (S, K, TA,) and on the rising of which, he who rides in his turn, after another, mounts the beast: (TA:) a star at the appearance of which two persons who ride by turns during a journey take each the other's place; when one star sets and another rises, he who was walking mounts the beast. (AO.) See عَقِيبٌ.

A2: See also 4, latter half; where an ex. occurs in a verse.

مِعْقَبٌ He who is brought up for the office of Khaleefeh after the [actual] Imám [or Khaleefeh]. (O, K.) b2: And A skilful driver. (O, K.) b3: And A camel that is ridden by different persons in turns. (O, * TA.) b4: And A woman's خِمَار [i. e. muffler, or head-covering]; (IAar, O, * K, TA;) so called because it takes the place of the مُلَآءَة. (O, TA.) b5: And An ear-drop; syn. قُرْطٌ. (O, K.) مُعَقَّبٌ One who is made to go forth, (so in the CK,) or who goes forth, (O, and so in my MS. copy of the K,) from the shop of the vintner when a greater man than he enters. (O, K.) b2: جَآءَ مُعَقَّبًا He came at the end, or close, of the day. (TA.) b3: قِدْحٌ مُعَقَّبٌ An arrow which [in the game called المَيْسِر] is returned into the رِبَابَة [q. v.] time after time; the prize allotted to which is hoped for. (TA.) b4: جَزُورٌ سَحُوفُ المُعَقَّبِ A fat slaughtered camel. (TA.) b5: نَعْلٌ مُعَقَّبَةٌ A sandal having an عَقِب [q. v.]. (O, TA.) مُعَقِّبٌ Coming after, or near after, another thing. (O.) See عَقِيبٌ. b2: It is said that it is applied as an epithet to an angel; that one says مَلَكَ مُعَقِّبٌ [meaning An angel that follows another]; and مَلَائِكَةٌ مُعَقِّبَةٌ; and that مُعَقِّبَاتٌ is a pl. pl. (O.) المُعَقِّبَاتُ means The angels of the night and the day; (S, O, K;) because they succeed one another by turns; and the fem. form is used because of the frequency of their doing so, in like manner as it is in the words نَسَّابَةٌ and عَلَّامَةٌ: (S, O:) the angles called الحَفَظَةُ [pl. of حَافِظٌ, q. v.]: so in the Kur xiii. 12: in which some of the Arabs of the desert read مَعَاقِيبُ: (TA:) this [may be an anomalous pl. of عَقِيبٌ, like as مَهَاجِينُ is of هَجِينٌ, or it] is pl. of مُعَقِّبٌ or of مُعَقِّبَةٌ, the ى being to compensate for the suppression of one of the two ق. (Bd.) b3: المُعَقِّبَاتُ also signifies The she-camels that stand behind those that are pressing towards the wateringtrough, or tank; so that when one she-camel goes away, another comes in her place. (S, O, K.) b4: And The ejaculations of سُبْحَانَ اللّٰهِ, which follow one another, (O, K,) repeated at the end of the ordinary prayer, thirty-three in number, and which are followed by اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ thirty-three times, and اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ thirty-four times. (O.) b5: and مُعَقِّبٌ signifies also One who makes repeatedly warring, or warring and plundering, expeditions; and who journeys repeatedly, and does not stay with his family after his return. (TA.) b6: and One who seeks after a thing repeatedly, striving, or exerting himself: (S, O:) one who follows after a thing that is his due, demanding restitution of it: or one who follows close after a man, for something that is his due: one who seeks to recover his right, or due: and one who, being despoiled of all his property in a hostile attack, makes a hostile attack upon him from whom he has thus suffered, and endeavours to recover his property. (TA.) Lebeed says, describing a [wild] he-ass and his female, حَتَّى تَهَجَّرَ بِالرَّوَاحِ وَهَاجَهَا طَلَبَ المُعَقِّبِ حَقَّهُ المُظْلُومُ (S, O, but in the latter فِى الرَّوَاحِ,) i. e. [Until he went along in the midday heat, (بالرواح or فى الرواح being redundant,)] and drove her on [by a pursuit] like the seeking of him who is making repeated efforts, having been wronged, to obtain his due: (O:) المظلوم is an epithet qualifying المعقّب, and is in the nom. case agreeable with the meaning, (S, O,) because it is put after its proper place; (O;) and المعقّب is literally in the gen. case, but as to the meaning is an agent: (S, O: *) or, accord. to some, المعقّب [here] signifies the debtor who puts off the payment of his debt; so that المظلوم is an agent and المعقّب is an objective complement: (S:) or, as some say, المعقّب signifies he who demands the payment of a debt and repeats his demand thereof. (TA.) b7: Also Any one returning [app. to the doing of a thing]. (O.) b8: See also مَعَاقِبٌ. b9: لَا مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكْمِهِ, in the Kur [xiii. 41], means There is no repeller of his decree. (TA.) A2: Also A man who descends into a well to raise a stone of the kind called عُقَاب. (TA.) [See also the verb.]

مِعْقَابٌ A woman who usually brings forth a male after a female. (S, O, K.) A2: And A chamber (بَيْت) in which raisins are put. (K.) مُعَاقِبٌ: see عُقِيبٌ, with which it is syn. b2: [Hence,] إِبِلٌ مُعَاقِبَةٌ Camels that eat one time, or turn, of the [kind of plants called] حَمْض, and another of the [kind called] خُلَّة. (S, O, K.) b3: And نَخْلَةٌ مُعَاقِبَةٌ A palm-tree that bears fruit one year, and fails to do so another. (TA.) b4: And مُعَاقِبٌ also signifies A revenger of blood: a poet, cited by IAar, says, وَنَحْنُ قَتَلْنَا بِالمَحَارِقِ فَارِسًا جَزَآءَ العُطَاسِ لَا يَمُوتُ المُعَاقِبُ meaning [And we slew, in El-Mahárik, (app. the name of a place,) a horseman,] taking our bloodrevenge quickly, in the time that elapses between a sneeze and the prayer for the sneezer [which is usually “ God have mercy on thee ”]: the memory of the blood-revenger shall not die. (TA. [It is there also said that العقب (app. a mistranscription for ↓ المُعَقِّبُ, as may be conjectured from the fact that the م after the article is often indistinctly written, and inferred on other grounds,) is syn. with المُعَاقِبُ as here explained.]) مُعْتَقَبٌ: see 8: A2: and see also 5, last sentence.

مُعْتَقِبٌ: see عَقِيبٌ.

مُتَعَقَّبٌ: see 5, former half, in two places.

يَعْقُوبٌ, perfectly decl., because it is an Arabic word, not altered, and, although having an augmentative letter at the beginning, not of the measure of a verb; whereas يعقوب as a proper name of foreign origin is imperfectly decl.; (S, O;) The حَجَل [or partridge]: (K:) or the male of the حَجَل; (S, O, Msb;) or of the قَبْج; (Lh, Mgh;) but ISd says, I know not whether Lh mean by this the حَجَل or the قَطَا or the كَرَوَان, nor do I know that the قَبْح is the same as the حَجَل: (TA:) and the male of the قَطَا [or sand-grouse]: (TA:) pl. يَعَاقِيبُ. (S, Mgh, O, Msb.) كَأَنَّكُمْ يَعَاقِيبُ الحَجَلِ, occurring in a trad., means [As though ye were the males of partridges] in your haste, and your flying into destruction: for they are such that, when they see the female in the possession of the fowler, they throw themselves upon him, so as to fall into his hand. (Z, TA in art. ركب.) b2: and accord. to some, (TA,) the pl. also signifies Horses: they being thus termed as being likened to the يعاقيب of the حَجَل, (O, TA,) because of their swiftness: (TA:) so in the phrase رَكْضَ اليَعَاقِيبِ [As the running of the horses, or of the swift horses]; in a verse of Selámeh Ibn-Jendel: (O, TA:) but others say that the meaning [here] is, the males of the حَجَل. (TA.) It is said in the L that فَرَسٌ يَعْقُوبٌ means A horse that has a run after another run [or the power of repeating his running] (ذُو عَقْبٍ [or عَقِبٍ]). (TA.) b3: J has cited [in the S] the words of a poet, عَالٍ يُقَصِّرُ دُونَهُ اليَعْقُوبُ [High, so that the يعقوب falls short of reaching it] as an ex. of the last word meaning the male of the حَجَل: but IB says that it appears to mean in this case the male of the عُقَاب [or eagle]; like as اليَرْخُومُ means the male of the رَخَم; and اليَحْبُورُ, the male of the حُبَارَى; for the حَجَل is not known to have so high a flight: and ElFarezdak describes يَعَاقِيب as congregating with vultures over the slain. (TA.) اليَعْقُوبِيَّةُ [a coll. gen. n., n. un. يَعْقُوبِىٌّ,] the name of A sect of the خَوَارِج, followers of Yaakoob Ibn-'Alee El-Koofee. (TA.) b2: And A sect of the Christians; the followers of Yaakoob ElBarádi'ee [or Jacobus Baradæus], who assert the unity of the divine and human natures [in the person of Christ], and who are the most unbelieving and stubborn of the Christians: so says El-Mak- reezee, in one of his tracts. (TA.)

ذكو

1 ذَكَتِ النَّارُ, (S, K, &c.,) aor. ـْ (S,) inf. n. ذَكًا (S, Mgh, K, &c.) and ذَكَآءٌ accord. to Z (K) and ذُكُوٌّ, (M, K, TA,) like عُلُوٌّ; (TA; [accord. to the CK ذَكْوٌ; and so accord. to the MA, as well as ذُكُوٌّ and ذَكًا;]) and ↓ استذكت; (K;) The fire blazed, or flamed; burned up; or burned brightly or fiercely: (S:) or blazed, or flamed, vehemently, or intensely: (K:) or blazed, flamed, or burned up, completely; agreeably with the primary signification of the root, which is “ completeness. ” (Mgh.) b2: ذَكَا المِسْكُ The mush gave forth odour, or fragrance; (MA;) [or a strong, or pungent, odour; for] the primary signification of ذَكًا in relation to odour is the being strong, [or pungent,] in sweetness or in fetidness. (TA.) b3: ذَكِىَ, aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K) and ذَكَا, (Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (K,) or ـْ (Msb;) and ذَكُوَ, (MA, K,) aor. ـْ (K;) all three mentioned by ISd; (TA;) inf. n. ذَكَآء; (S, MA, K, * TA; [in my copy of the Msb, the inf. n. of the first is said to be ذَكًى; but this is app. a mistranscription; or the author perhaps held ذَكًى, more properly written ذَكًا, to be the inf. n.; for he says that ذَكِىَ is of the class of تَعِبَ, of which the inf. n. is تَعَبٌ, and afterwards mentions ذَكَآءُ as though he held this to be a simple subst.;]) said of a man, (S, Msb,) He was, or became, sharp, or acute, in mind, (S, TA,) with quickness of perception, and of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (TA:) or quick of understanding, (Msb, K,) or intelligence, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (K:) or quick of perception, and sharp, or acute, in understanding: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or quick in drawing conclusions. (TA. [See ذَكَآءُ, below.]) [Also, app., said of a camel, and the like, meaning He was, or became, sharp in spirit. See ذَكِىٌّ.]

A2: [ذَكَا seems to have been also used by some as meaning He (a beast) was, or became, legalty slaughtered; and consequently, legally clean: or to have been supposed to have this signification. b2: And hence,] أَيُّمَا أَرْضٍ جَفَّتْ فَقَدْ ذَكَتْ means (assumed tropical:) Whatever ground has become dry, it has become clean, or pure: but [Mtr, after mentioning this, adds,] I have not found it in the lexicons. (Mgh. [See also ذَكَاةٌ, below.]) 2 ذكّى النَّارَ, (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَذْكِيَةٌ, (S, TA,) He made the fire to blaze or flame, to burn up, or to burn brightly or fiercely; (T, S, K;) as also ↓ اذكاها: (S, K:) or he supplied the fire fully with fuel: (Msb, TA:) and السِّرَاجَ ↓ اذكى He lighted the lamp. (Har p. 53.) b2: [ذكّى العَقْلَ, and ذكّى alone, said of a medicine &c., It sharpened the intellect.]

A2: ذكّى, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He slaughtered (S, Mgh, Msb, K) an animal, (Mgh,) or a camel and the like, (Msb,) in the manner [prescribed by the law,] termed ذَبْحٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) i. e., (Mgh, K,) in the manner termed ذَكَاةٌ [q. v. infrà]. (Mgh, Msb, K.) The proper signification of التَّذْكِيَةُ is The causing the natural heat to pass forth: but it is peculiarly applied in the law to signify the destroying of life in a particular manner, exclusive of any other manner. (Er-Rághib, TA.) إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ, in the Kur [v. 4], means Except that whereof ye shall attain to the ذَكَاة [or slaughter in the manner prescribed by the law] (Bd, Msb, TA) said of a man, (S,) He became old, or advanced in age, (S, K,) and big-bodied, or corpulent: (K:) [or he attained to full growth or age: said of a man, and of a horse and the like:] see ذَكَآءٌ, last sentence. [See also مُذَكٍّ, below.]) 4 أَذْكَوَ see 2, in two places. b2: [Hence,] أَذْكَيْتُ الحَرْبَ (assumed tropical:) I kindled war. (TA.) b3: أَذْكَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ العُيُونَ I sent against him the scouts. (S.) 10 إِسْتَذْكَوَ see 1, first sentence. b2: [Hence, app.,] استذكى الفَحْلُ عَلَى الأُنْثَى (assumed tropical:) The stallion pressed vehemently upon the female. (TA.) ذَكًا an inf. n. of 1; The blazing, or flaming, &c., of fire. (S, K, &c. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: See also ذُكْوَةٌ.

A2: And see ذَكَاةٌ.

ذَكٍ a possessive epithet: (ISd, TA:) you say نَارٌ ذَكِيَةٌ, (K, TA,) without teshdeed, (TA, [in the CK ذَكِيَّةٌ,]) A fire blazing, or flaming, &c. (K, TA.) ذَكَاةٌ: see ذُكْوَةٌ.

A2: [Also] a subst. (Mgh, Msb, TA) syn. with تَذْكِيَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K, TA) as signifying ذَبْحٌ [i. e. The slaughter of an animal for food in the manner prescribed by the law]; (Mgh, K, TA;) as also ↓ ذَكًا, (K, TA, [in the CK ذَكاء,) which is likewise said to be a simple subst.: (TA: [in the TK, ذَكًا and ذَكَاةٌ are both said to be inf. ns., of which the verb is ذَكَا, signifying ذَبَحَ; but this I do not find in any lexicon of authority:]) it is satisfactorily performed by the severing of the windpipe and gullet, as is related on the authority of Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], or, as is also related on his authority, by severing them an also the وَدَجَانِ, [or two external jugular veins], less than which is not lawful; or, accord to A boo-Haneefeh, the severing of the windpipe and gullet and one of the ودجان; or, accord. to Málik, the severing of the أَوَدَاج [or external jugular veins] though it be without the severing of the windpipe. (Msb.) The saying ذَكَاةُ الجَنِينِ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ is for ذَكَاةُ الجَنِينِ هِىَ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ [The legal slaughter of the fœtus, or young in the belly, it is the legal slaughter of its mother]: (Msb, TA:) or it is an instance of the transposition of the inchoative and enunciative, (Mgh, Msb,) its implied meaning being ذَكَاةُ أُمِّ الجَنِينِ ذَكَاةٌ لَهُ [The legal slaughter of the mother of the fœtus, or young in the belly, is a legal slaughter of it also; so that the latter, like the former, may be lawfully eaten]; (Msb;) i. e., when she is legally slaughtered, it is legally slaughtered: (TA:) the use of the accus. case (Mgh, TA) in the like thereof, (Mgh,) [or] in the phrase ذكاة امّه, [i. e., the saying ذَكَاةَ أُمِّهِ,] is a mistake. (Mgh, TA.) b2: Hence the saying of Mohammad Ibn-El-Hanafeeyeh, ذَكَاةُ الأَرْضِ يُبْسُهُا (assumed tropical:) [The cleanness, or purity, of the ground is its becoming dry]; i. e., when it becomes dry from the moisture of uncleanness, it becomes clean, like as a beast becomes clean by means of legal slaughter. (Mgh. [See also 1, last sentence.]) ذُكْوَةٌ, (T, TA, &c.,) with damm, not ذَكْوَةٌ as the text of the K indicates it to be (TA) [and as it is written in the copies thereof], and ذُكْيَةٌ, (S, TA,) also with damm, (TA,) [in the copies of the K ذَكْيَة,] What is thrown upon the fire, (T, S, K, *) of firewood, or of camel's or similar dung, (T,) to make it blaze, or flame, or burn up, or burn brightly or fiercely. (S, K.) b2: Also the former, A blazing, or flaming, coal of fire; and so ↓ ذَكًا, (K, TA,) with the short ا, on the authority of IDrd; [in the CK ذَكَاء;] or, as in the M, ↓ ذَكَاةٌ. (TA.) ذَكْوَانٌ A kind of trees: n. un. with ة: (IAar, TA:) the pl. of the latter is ذَكَاوِينُ, and signifies small [trees of the kind called] سَرْح [q. v.]. (M, K, TA. [In the CK, السَّرْج is erroneously put for السَّرْح.]) ذَكَآءُ Sharpness, or acuteness, of mind, (S, Msb, TA,) with quickness of perception, and of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (TA:) or completeness of intelligence, with quickness of apprehension: (Msb:) or quickness of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (K:) or quickness of perception, and sharpness, or acuteness, of understanding: thus applied, it is like the phrase فُلَانٌ شُعْلَةُ نَارٍ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or quickness in drawing conclusions. (TA. [See ذِهْنٌ: and see also 1.]) [It app. signifies also Sharpness of spirit; as a quality of a camel and the like. See ذَكِىٌّ.] b2: Also Age: (S, K:) or full, or complete, age: so says Mbr in the “ Kámil: ” (TA:) contr. of فَتَآءٌ: (Ham p. 217:) accord. to Az, its primary signification, universally, is a state of completeness: and الذَّكَآءُ فِى السِّنّ meanscompleteness of age: accord. to Kh, it means the age of completeness of strength, [app. in a horse, or any solid-hoofed animal, for he says that it is] when a year has passed after the قُرُوح [or finishing of teething]: (TA:) or ذَكَآءُ السِّنِّ means the utmost term of youthfulness; from the primary signification of the root, which is “ a state of completeness. ” (Mgh.) Hence the saying of El-Hajjáj, فُرِرْتُ عَنْ ذَكَآءٍ [I have been examined as to age; app. meaning (assumed tropical:) my abilities have been tested and proved]: and بَلَغَتِ الدَّابَّةُ الذَّكَآءَ The beast attained to [fulness of] age (S, TA.) [Hence, also,] one says, فَتَآ فُلَانٍ

كَذَكَآءِ فُلَانٍ and فُلَانٍ ↓ كَتَذْكِيَةِ [The youthfulness of such a one is like the fulness of age of such a one], i. e., the prudence, or discretion, of such a one notwithstanding his deficiency of age is like the prudence, or discretion, of such a one with his fulness of age. (Ham p. 217.) ذُكَآءُ, imperfectly decl., The sun: (S, K:) determinate, and not admitting the article ال: you say, هٰذِهِ ذُكَآءُ طَالِعَةٌ [This is the sun rising]: (S:) derived from ذَكَتِ النَّارُ. (TA.) b2: Hence, (S,) اِبْنُ ذُكَآءَ The dawn, or daybreak: (S, K:) because it is from the light of the sun. (S.) Homeyd says, [or, accord. to some, Besheer Ibn-En-Nikth, as in one of my copies of the S, in art. كفر,] فَوَرَدَتْ قَبْلَ انْبِلَاجِ الفَجْرِ وَابْنُ ذُكَآءَ كَامِنٌ فِى الكَفْرِ [And she, or they, came to the water before the bright shining of the daybreak, while the dawn lay kid in the darkness of night]. (S.) ذَكِىٌّ, applied to musk, and so ذَكِيَّةٌ, (K, TA,) for مِسْكٌ, as is said by IAmb, is both masc. and fem., and so is عَنْبَرٌ, (TA,) and ↓ ذَاكٍ, Diffusing odour: (K:) or having a strong [or pungent] odour. (TA. [See 1, second sentence.]) Yousay also رَائِحَةٌ ذَكِيَّةٌ A sharp [or pungent, or a strong,] odour [whether sweet or fetid]; syn. حَادَّةٌ. (K in art. حد.) b2: Applied to a man, Having the attribute, or quality, termed ذَكَآء, (S, Msb, K,) as meaning sharpness, or acuteness, (S, Msb,) or quickness, (K,) of mind, (S, Msb,) or of intel-ligence, &c.: (K, TA, &c.:) pl. أَذْكِيَآءُ. (Msb, TA.) It is also, sometimes, applied to a camel [or the like, as meaning Sharp in spirit: see فُؤَادٌ]. (TA.) A2: Also i. q. ذَبِيحٌ [meaning Slaughtered in the manner prescribed by the law, termed ذَبْحٌ and ذَكَاةٌ]: (K:) it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Msb:) and [therefore] you say شَاةٌ ذَكِىٌّ, meaning [a sheep, or goat, slaughtered in the manner above mentioned; and also,] to whose ذَكَاة [or slaughter in that manner] one has attained [while life yet remained therein: see 2]: (Mgh, Msb:) ذَكِيَّةٌ [as its fem.] is extr. [like ذَبِيحَةٌ]. (TA.) b2: Hence, جِلْدٌ ذَكِىٌّ (tropical:) A skin stripped from an animal that has been slaughtered in the manner mentioned above. (Mgh.) ذَاكٍ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُذْكٍ; and the fem., مُذْكِيَةٌ: see the following paragraph, in three places.

مُذَكٍّ, applied to a man, (TA,) Old, or advanced in age, and big-bodied, or corpulent: (K, TA:) [or full-grown, or of full age: see ذَكَآءٌ:] or an old man, but only such as is much experienced and disciplined: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and accord. to ISd, anything [i. e. any animal] old, or advanced in age: by some especially applied to a solid-hoofed animal; and said to mean one that has passed the قُرُوح [or finishing of teething] by a year: (TA:) or مَذَاكٍ, (S, K, TA,) which is its pl., (S, TA,) [(like as مُذَكِّيَاتٌ is pl. of the fem.,) and also pl. of its syn. ↓ مُذْكٍ,] signifies, applied to horses, (S, K, TA,) of generous race, advanced in age, (TA,) that have passed a year, or two years, after their قُرُوح: (S, K, TA:) the sing. is like مُخْلِفٌ applied to a camel: (S, TA:) or مُذَكٍّ signifies a horse of full age and of complete strength; as also ↓ مُذْكٍ: (Ham p. 217:) or a horse whose run becomes spent (يَذْهِبُ), and [then, but not before he has exhausted his power,] stops. (TA.) It is said in a prov., جَرْىُ المُذَكِّيَاتُ غِلَابٌ [The running of the horses that have attained to their full age and strength is a contending for superiority]: (Meyd, and so in some copies of the S:) it may mean that the horse in this case contends for superiority with him that runs with him; or that his second run is always more than his first, and his third than his second: (Meyd:) or, as some relate it, غِلَآءٌ; (Meyd, and so in other copies of the S in this art., and in the S and K in art غلو;) meaning that the running of such horses is several bowshots: (Meyd, and S and K in art. غلو:) it is applied to him who is described as entering into contests for excellence with his compeers. (Meyd.) b2: [Hence,] ↓ سَحَابَةٌ مُذْكِيَةٌ, (K,) or, as in the Tekmileh, مُذَكِّيَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A cloud that has rained time after time. (K, TA.) Quasi ذكى ذُكْيَةٌ: see ذُكْوَةٌ, in art. ذكو.

ذَكِىٌّ: see art. ذكو

عشر: عَشَّر (بالتشديد): زوجّ، أنزى، أسفد طلباً للنسل (بوشر). عَشَّر: نزا على أنثاه، سفدها. (بوشر) عاشر، حسن معاشرة النساء: يقال عن النساء اللاتي يلاطفن أزواجهن ويتحببن إليهم. (ابن بطوطة 4: 125، 150).
عاشر امرأة: تمتع بها وتلذذ. (بوشر).
تعاشر: عشر، اخذ العشر أو واحدا من كل عشرة، واعدم عشر المتمردين بالاقتراع بينهم، وأهلك عدداً عظيماً منهم (فوك).
تعاشر: نزا على أنثاه وخالطها وسفدها طلباً للنسل. (بوشر).
عَشْر: قارن ما ذكره لين في مادة عَشَرَة بما جاء في مجلة الشرق والجزائر (14: 106) وفيها (ان المسلمين يجزئون القرآن كله ويقسمونه ستين حزْباً، وكل عشر آيات من الحزب عُشْر (اقرأها عَشْر)). وعند لين (عادات 2: 324): آيتان أو ثلاث آيات من القرآن. (ابن جبير ص150) وفي رياض النفوس (ص90 ق): كان إذا اقرأ الصبيان اعشارهم يقول للطفل اقرأ أنت يا لصّ ويكثر من قول ذلك فإذا كبر الطفل تسرَّق وتلصص وتصح فيه فراسة أبي اسحق. وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص143 ق، ص177 ق): قراءة أحاديث من الصحيحين ويختم بأعشار من القرآن.
عَشْر: نقش الوريدة أو صورتها التي تدل على أخر الآية من القرآن. (فليشر في تعليقه على المقري 2: 482، بريشت ص70).
عَشْر: مدّة عشرة أيام، عشرة سنين. (ويجرز عند ميرسنج، ص67).
عَشْر الدَّلاَّل: في كتاب محمد بن الحارث (ص240) أن أحد الظرفاء أطلق على القاضي محمد بن بشير لقب عَشْر الدَّلاَّل (وهذا الضبط في المخطوطة) غير أن المؤلف لم يفسر معنى هذا.
عُشْر: أرْض عُشْر: أرض تدفع جزء من عشرة زكاةٍ. (معجم الماوردي).
عِشْرة: اتصال جنسي، جماع. ويقال: له عشرة بمعنى له علاقة غرامية مع. (بوشر).
عشرا: في مادة بمعنى حامل (فرس، ناقة) وهي تصحيف عشراء جمعها عند بوسييه عشار يذكر بوسييه: ابن عشار وهو الصغير من الإبل عمره من سنة إلى سنتين. وعند دافيدسن: ابن عشار الجمل في سنته الثانية، وفي مجلة الشرق والجزائر والسلسلة الجديدة (1: 182): (إن الناقة لا تضع إلا صغيرا واحدا وغالباً ما يحملون عليها الفحل بعد نتاجها مباشرة، فاذا حملت سمي المولود الذي قد وضعته ولد العشار).
عَشْريّ: عُشَارِيّ: طوله عشر أذرع. (معجم بدرون، رسالة إلى السيد فليشر ص30).
الكَسْر العشري: عبارة عن كسر يكون مخرجه مع صفر أو أكثر عن يمينه.
عَشْريّ: عشاري وهو لقب يطلق على أبناء العشرة الكبار من مريدي المهدي. (دي سلان ترجمة تاريخ البربر 2: 88).
دينار عشري: انظر مادة دينار (واضافات وتصحيحات).
ناقة عشرية: ناقة وحيدة السنام. ففي ألف ليلة (برسل 12: 192): فأمر لهم بثلاث روس من جياد الخيل العتاق وعشر نوق عشريات. ويقال أيضاً: عشري فقط (شو 1: 252) وفيه: عُشاري. وعند بلاكيير (2: 188): (أعشاري هو جمل ذو سنام واحد تستمر حالة عدم التأثر وفقدان الحس عشرة أيام بعد ولادته. وهذا الحيوان نفيس جداً).
عُشْري: موضع يدفع واحداً من عشرة زكاةً.
(مقابل خَراجِيّ). (معجم البلاذري، ابن العوام 1: 5).
عَشُور: هي عشير عند أعراب البحر الميت، وهي اسم نبات. انظر بركهارت (نوبية ص36). عَشِير: أسرة، عائلة. (عباد 2: 250).
عَشِير: عشيرة، قبيلة. (مملوك 1،1: 186).
العشير: اسم جمع مفرد، ويجمع على عشران. وهم 1: بدو أهل الشام من قيسية ويمانية. 2: الدروز (مملوك 1، 1: 186، 273). (والجمع عشائر الذي ذكره كاترمير هو جمع عشيرة بمعنى قبيلة). ففي ابن إياس (ص58): ومعه السواد الاعظم من الزعر والعشير. وفيه (ص65): واجتمع عنده من العشير والعربان ما لا يحصى عددهم. وفيه (ص141): جمع كثير من العربان والعشير والتركمان، وفيه (ص153): جماعة كبيرة من العشير من عربان جبل نابلس.
عَشير: اسم نبات. (انظر: عَشُور).
عشارة: معاشرة، عشرة، مصاحبة. ففي طرائف فريتاج (ص64) من وصية أمّ لابنة زوجتها: يا بنية عليك بحسن الصحبة بالقناعة، والعشارة بالسمع والطاعة.
فرس عشارة: فرس حامل. (بوشر).
عَشِيرة. عَشائِر: الأسر الكبير من القبيلة (زيشر 12: 91 رقم 2).
عَشِيَرة: جمع غفير، جمهور، عدد وافر. ففي حيان- بسام (3: 3ق): ولحق بهم الأول أمرهم من موالى المسلمين وأجناس الصقالبة والإفرنجة والبشكنس عشيرتهم.
عَشِيَرة: بمعنى عَشِير أي صديق ورجل من نفس القبيل. ففي حيان (ص67 و): ويستشفعون بهم إلى سوّار عشيرتهم.
عَشِيَرة: معاملة حسنة. (معجم البيان). هُجن عشاري (جمع): إبل ذات سنام واحد (ألف ليلة 1: 873).
عُشَاري: دواء مركب من عشرة أجزاء. يقال مثلاً: الاصطماخيقون العشاري (ابن وافد ص 14و).
عُشَاري: ما طوله عشرة أذرع (ديسكرياك ص272) وهي فيه بفتح العين وهو خطأ.
عَشَارِي: مركب، زورق، قارب، فلك. وهذه الكلمة التي ذكرها فريتاج مرتين إحدهما بصورة عُشَاري وهو خطأ (وتجد نفس الخطأ عند دي ساسي عبد اللطيف ص309) رقم 26 ليست مستعملة بمصر وحدها كما قال، لأنا نجدها في معجم فوك ومعجم الكالا، وهي عند الكتاب المغاربة مستعملة كثيراً. (ابن جبير ص8) وحتى عند الكتاب المشارقة مثل ابن العميد فيما نقله النويري.
(مخطوطة 273 ص62) والجمع عُشاريات.
(فوك، مملوك 1، 2: 89، أماري ديب ملحق ص5). ومن هذه الكلمة أخذت الكلمة الإيطالية Usciere التي كانت مستعمله في العصور الوسطى. (أماري ديب ص397 رقم ف). ناقة عشارية: ناقة ذات سنام واحد (ألف ليلة: 669) وانظر: عَشْري.
عَشُورَى والصور الأخرى لهذه الكلمة: نقرأ عند موويت (ص354): (لا شورا: عيد عليهم أن يقدموا فيه للأمير جزءاً من أربعين من دراهمهم، ولا يحتفلون به إلا يوما واحداً ويتراشقون بالمياه الكثيرة). وعند مارتن (ص39): هو السنة الجديدة عند المسلمين، وقد بدأت الهجرة في هذا الوقت. وعند روزيه (2: 85): أول أيام السنة. وعند فلوجل (مجلد 67 ص9): السنة الجديدة التي يجب على كل مسلم أن يعطي الفقراء عشر أمواله أو في الأقل شيئاً منها.
عَشُوري: والعامة تطلق هذا الاسم على شهر محرم كله (دومب ص57، هوست ص251، رولاند).
شائع العاشور: شهر صفر. (بوشر)
عشيري: نوع من الفلك بمصر. أمعن في وصفه عبد اللطيف (ترجمة دي ساسي ص299). وكتابة الكلمة مشكوك فيها وأرى أن كلمة عُشَّيّرى التي يقترحها دي ساسي (ص309 رقم 26) غير مقبولة، وأفضل عليها عَشَيْرِيّ التي هي صورة اخرى من عُشارِيّ عُشِيران: لحن موسيقي. (صفة مصر 14: 29).
عَشّار: من وظيفته قراءة أعشار القرآن (ابن بطوطة 4: 204، 274) الترجمة في القسم الأول ليست صحيحة ولم تذكر في القسم الثاني.
عاشِر: من نصبه الأمام على الطريق لأخذ صدقة التجار وأمنهم من اللصوص (محيط المحيط).
دنار عاشِري: دينار يساوي عشرة دراهم.
ففي البيان (1: 115): وضرب إبراهيم بن احمد دنانير ودراهم سماها العاشرية في كل دينار منها عشرة دراهم.
عَوَاشِر وعواشير: أوقات العطلة. (همبرت ص152)، وعند بوسييه ورولاند: أيام المتعة والتسلية التي تسبق الأعياد وتليها. ولعل إنه لا بد أن نفهم هذا المعنى من عبارة البيان (1: 241) وهي: فكانت تقوم فيه سوق جامعة ثلاث مرات في السنة في رمضان وفي العواسر وفي العاشورا.
فأذا هي أيام المتعة والتسلية قبل بعض الأعياد ما دام هذه السوق لا تقوم ثلاث مرات في السنة.
مُعَشَّر: ذو عشرة زوايا وعشرة أضلاع (ألكالا) وفي معجم بوشر: معشر الأضلاع.
مُعَشّرة: فرس معشرة: فرس حامل (بوشر) والبدو لا يستعملون هذه الكلمة إلا وصفاً للنوق والبقر. وأما أهل المدن يستعملونها وصفاً للأفراس والأتنّ. والجمع معَاشير كما لو كان المفرد منها معشورة (زيشر 22: 143).
مَعَاشِر (جمع): الدائرة التي تدفع فيها التجار العشر. دائرة الكمرك (بلجراف 2: 189).

عشر

1 عَشَرَ, (K,) aor. ـُ as is expressly stated by the expositors of the Fs and by others, but F, confounding two usages of the verb, says عَشِرَ, (TA,) inf. n. عَشْرٌ, (TA,) He took one from ten. (K.) b2: And عَشَرَهُمْ He took one from among them, they being ten. (Msb.) b3: And عَشَرَهُمْ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, TA,) accord. to the K عَشِرَ, but this is at variance with other authorities, as mentioned above, (TA,) inf. n. عَشْرٌ, (K,) or عُشْرٌ, with damm, (S, O,) the former correct, but the latter is preferred by MF, who quotes it from the Expositions of the Fs, (TA,) and عُشُورٌ; (K;) and ↓ عشّرهُمْ, (O, K,) inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ; (TA;) He took from them the عُشْر [i. e. the tenth, or, by extension of the term in the Muslim law, the half of the tenth, or the quarter of the tenth,] of their several kinds of property. (S, O, K.) And in like manner you say, (TA,) عَشَرَ المَالَ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَشْرٌ and عُشُورٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ عشّرهُ; (TA;) He took the عُشْر of the property. (Msb, TA.) It is said in a trad., respecting women, لَا يُعْشَرْنَ, meaning, They shall not have the tenth of the value of their ornaments taken. (TA.) b4: عَشَرَ, aor. ـِ He added one to nine. (L, K.) [In the TA and CK, this signification is connected with the first mentioned above, at the commencement of this art., by أَوْ, instead of وَ, which latter is evidently the right reading.] b5: And عَشَرَهُمْ, aor. ـِ (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَشْرٌ, (S, O, Msb,) He became the tenth of them: (S, O, Msb, K:) or he made them ten by [adding to their number] himself. (TA.) [See also 2: and see Q. Q. 1.]2 عَشَّرَ see 1, in two places. b2: عشّرهُمْ, (O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ, (TA,) also signifies He made them ten, by adding one to nine. (O, Msb, TA. [See وَحَّدَهُ.]) And العَدَدَ ↓ اعشر He made the number ten. (TA.) b3: عشّر المُصْحَفَ, inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ, He put, in the copy of the Kur-án, [the marks called] the عَوَاشِر [pl. of عَاشِرَةٌ]. (S, O, K. *) b4: اَللّٰهُمَّ عَشِّرْ خُطَاىَ O God, write down ten good deeds for every one of my steps. (Lh, TA.) b5: عشّر لِامْرَأَتِهِ, or عِنْدَهَا, He remained ten nights with his wife: and in like manner the verb is used in relation to any saying or action. (TA voce سَبَّعَ.) b6: عشّرت, (S, Msb, K, [in the CK عَشَرَت,]) inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ; (S;) and ↓ اعشرت; (K;) She (a camel) became what is termed عُشَرَآء; (S, K;) she completed the tenth month of her pregnancy. (Msb.) b7: And عشّروا Their camels became such as are termed عِشَار [pl. of عُشَرَآءُ]. (O.) b8: See also 4. b9: عشّر القَدَحَ He broke the قدح [or drinking-bowl] into ten pieces. (O, TA.) b10: And [hence, app.,] عشّر الحُبُّ قَلْبَهُ (assumed tropical:) Love emaciated him [as though it broke his heart into ten pieces]. (TA.) b11: And عشّر, (A, K,) inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ, (S, O, K,) He (an ass) brayed with ten uninterrupted reciprocations of the sound. (S, A, O, K. *) They assert that, when a man arrived at a country of pestilence, he put his hand behind his ear, and brayed in this manner, like an ass, and then entered it, and was secure from the pestilence: (S, * O, TA:) or he so brayed at the gate of a city where he feared pestilence, and conse-quently it did not hurt him. (A.) b12: Also He (a hyena) cried, or howled, in the same manner. (A.) And He (a raven) croaked in the same manner. (K.) 3 عاشرهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُعَاشَرَةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) He mixed with him; consorted with him; held social or familiar intercourse, or fellowship, with him; conversed with him; or became intimate with him; syn. خَالَطَهُ. (S, O, Msb, K.) [See also 6.]4 اعشر العَدَدَ: see 2. b2: اعشروا They became ten. (S, O.) b3: اعشرت said of a she-camel: see 2. b4: Also She (a camel) completed ten months from the time of her bringing forth. (TA.) b5: Also, or ↓ عشّرت, She brought forth her tenth offspring. (TA in art. بكر.) b6: And the former, said of camels, They came to water on the tenth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first. (O.) b7: And اعشر He was, or became, one whose camels came to water on the tenth day, counting the day of the next preceding water-ing as the first; expl. by the words وَرَدَتْ إِبِلُهُ عِشْرًا, (S, TA,) or العِشْرَ. (TA.) b8: And He came to be within [the period of] the [first] ten [nights] of Dhu-l-Hijjeh (فِى عَشْرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ). (T, TA.) b9: And أَعْشَرْنَا مُنْذُ لَمْ نَلْتَقِ We have had ten nights pass over us since we met. (L, TA.) 6 تَعَاشَرُوا They mixed; consorted; or held social or familiar intercourse, or fellowship; one with another; conversed together; or became intimate, one with another; syn. تَخَالَطُوا; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اعتشروا. (TA.) 8 إِعْتَشَرَ see what next precedes. Q. Q. 1 عَشْرَنَهُ He made it twenty: an extr. word [with respect to formation, and post-classical, like سَبْعَنَ, q. v.]. (K, TA.) [In the CK, عَشَرْتُهُ, and expl. there as signifying I made it twenty: but this is evidently a mistranscription.]

عَشْرٌ fem. of عَشَرَةٌ [q. v.].

عُشْرٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُشُرٌ (TA) A tenth; a tenth part; one part of ten parts; as also ↓ عَشِيرٌ and ↓ مِعْشَارٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) which last is [of a form] not used [to denote a fractional part] except as applied to the tenth part (S, O) and [in the instance of مِرْبَاعٌ applied to] the fourth part: (O:) or, as some say, مِعْشَارٌ is the tenth of the tenth [i. e. a hundredth part]: and as some say, مِعْشَارٌ is the tenth of the ↓ عَشِير, which latter is the tenth of the عُشْر; so that, accord. to this, the معشار is one of a thousand; for it is the tenth of the tenth of the tenth: (Msb:) [in the TA, “and as some say, معشار is pl. of عشير, which latter is pl. of عُشْرٌ: ” but this is evidently a mistake:] the pl. of عُشْرٌ is أَعْشَارٌ (Msb, K) and عُشُورٌ; (K;) and that of ↓ عَشِيرٌ is أَعْشِرَآءُ: (S, O, Msb:) it is said in a trad., تِسْعَةُ أَعْشِرَآءِ الرِّزْقِ فِى التِّجَارَةِ وَجُزْءٌ مِنْهَا فِى السَّابِيَآءِ, i. e. [Nine tenths of the means of subsistence consist in merchandise, and one part of them consists in] the increase of animals. (S, A, * O. *) b2: أَخَذَ عُشْرَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ [means He took the tenth, or tithe, or by extension of the term in the Muslim law, the half of the tenth, or the quarter of the tenth, of their several kinds of property]. (S, K.) [See 1, and see عَشَّارٌ.]

A2: عُشْرٌ [as a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned], applied to she-camels, That excern into the udder (تُنْزِلُ) a scanty دِرَّة [or quantity of milk (in the CK دَرَّة)] without its collecting [and increasing]. (O, K.) عِشْرٌ A period of eight days between [camels'] twice coming to water; for they come to water on the tenth day [counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]; and in like manner, the term for every one of the periods between two waterings is with kesr: [see ثِلْثٌ:] (S, O:) or camels' coming to water on the tenth day [after the next preceding period of abstinence, i. e., counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]: or on the ninth day [not counting the day of the next preceding watering; for it is evident that these two explanations are virtually one and the the same]; (K;) as in the Shems el-'Uloom, on the authority of Kh, where it is added that they keep them from the water nine nights and eight days, and then bring them to water on the ninth day, which is the tenth from [by which is meant including] the former [day of] watering: (TA:) after the عِشْر, there is no name for a period between the two waterings until the twentieth [day]; (S, O;) but you say, هِىَ تَرِدُ عِشْرًا وَغِبًّا, and عِشْرًا وَرِبْعًا, [and so on,] to the twentieth [day counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]; (As;) and then you say, that their period between two waterings is عِشْرَانِ, (As, S, O,) i. e., eighteen days; (S, O;) and when they exceed this, they are termed جَوَازِئُ [meaning “ that satisfy themselves with green pasture so as not to need water ”]. (As, S, O.) b2: Also The eighth young one, or offspring. (A in art. ثلث.) A2: And A piece that is broken off from a cooking-pot, (K, TA,) or from a drinking-cup or bowl, (TA,) and from anything; (K, TA;) as though it were one of ten pieces; (TA;) as also ↓ عُشَارَةٌ, (K, TA,) which signifies a piece of anything: (O, TA:) pl. of the former, أَعْشَارٌ [and pl. pl. أَعَاشِيرُ]; (TA;) and of ↓ the latter, عُشَارَاتٌ. (O, TA.) b2: [Hence, app.,] بُرْمَةٌ أَعْشَارٌ A cookingpot, or one of stone, broken in pieces: thus [we find the latter word] occurring in the pl. form [and used as an epithet]. (S, O.) And قِدْرٌ أَعْشَارٌ A cooking-pot broken into ten pieces: (K:) or a large cooking-pot, of ten pieces joined together by reason of its largeness: (A:) or a cooking-pot so large that it is carried by ten men, (K,) or by ten women: (TA:) or [simply] a cooking-pot broken in pieces; not derived from anything: (TA:) pl. قُدُورٌ أَعْشَارٌ, (A,) and أَعَاشِيرُ. (A, K.) And جَفْنٌ

أَعْشَارٌ [A scabbard of a sword, or a sword-case,] broken in pieces. (O.) And قَلْبٌ أَعْشَارٌ [(assumed tropical:) A broken heart.] (S, K.) And أَعْشَارُ جَزُورٍ The portions of a slaughtered camel [for which players at the game called المَيْسِر contend, and which are ten in number; not seven, as is said in one place in the TA. In Har p. 579, اعشار in this case is said to be pl. of عُشْرٌ; but I think that we have better reason for regarding it as a pl. of عِشْرٌ]. (Az, S, O, K.) Imra-el-Keys says, وَمَا ذَرَفَتْ عَيْنَاكِ إِلَّا لِتَضْرِبِى

بِسَهْمَيْكِ فِى أَعْشَارِ قَلْبٍ مُقَتَّلِ [And thine eyes did not shed tears but that thou mightest play with thy two arrows for the portions of a heart subdued and killed by the passion of love]: he means, by the two arrows, the two called المُعَلَّى and الرَّقِيب; to the former of which are assigned seven portions, and to the latter, three; so that both together gain all the portions; for the slaughtered camel is divided into ten portions: therefore he means that she has played for his heart with her two arrows, [alluding to the glances shot from her eyes,] and gained possession of it altogether: (Az, S, * O: * [see also a verse cited voce رَقِيبٌ:]) or accord. to some, he means that his heart had been broken, and then repaired like as cooking-pots are repaired: but Az says that the former explanation, which is mentioned by Th, pleases him more. (TA.) Hence the saying, ضَرَبَ فِى أَعْشَارِهِ وَلَمْ يَرْضَ بِمِعْشَارِهِ [He played for all the portions of it, and was not content with the fifth of it]; meaning he took the whole of it. (A.) b3: And أَعْشَارٌ alone means Cooking-pots that boil the ten portions [of a جَزُور]. (Har. p. 579.) A3: أَعْشَارٌ also signifies The primary feathers of the wing of a bird; (S, O, TA;) and so ↓ عَوَاشِرُ. (TA.) عُشَرٌ Three nights of the [lunar] month, [the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth,] after the تُسَع [q. v.]. (S, O.) A2: Also [The asclepias gigantea of Linnæus; or gigantic swallow-wort;] a species of tree [or shrub] in which is a substance answering the purpose of tinder, (K,) like cotton, (TA,) than which there is nothing better wherein to strike fire, and with which cushions are stuffed, (K,) on account of its softness: (TA:) [see رَآءٌ, in art. روأ:] accord. to AHn, (TA,) a large species of tree [or shrub], of the kind called عِضَاه, having a sweet gum, (AHn, S, O, *) and milk, (O,) and broad leaves, growing up high, (AHn,) from the flowers and shoots of which, (AHn, K,) or from the joints of the branches and from the places of the flowers whereof, (O,) there comes forth a well-known kind of sugar, (AHn, O, * K,) in which is somewhat of bitterness, (O, K,) called سُكَّرُ العُشَرِ; (AHn, TA;) [or this is a kind of red sugar, which falls like dew upon this tree; (Golius, from Ibn-Maaroof and the Mj;)] it produces also bladders, resembling the شَقَاشِق [or faucial bags] of camels, in which they bray, [blowing them out from their months, with a gurgling sound,] (AHn, TA,) [and] like the bladder of the smaller قَتَاد [q. v.]; (S, O;) and it has a blossom like that of the دِفْلَى, tinged, [but with what hue is not said,] and shining, and beautiful in appearance, as well as a fruit: (AHn, TA:) n. un. with ة: and pl. [of this latter] عُشَرٌ [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.] and عُشَرَاتٌ. (S, O.) [See also سَلَعٌ.]

عُشُرٌ: see عُشْرٌ.

عِشْرَةٌ Social, or familar, intercourse; fellowship; i. q. مُخَالَطَةٌ; (O, * K;) or a subst. from the latter word. (S, Msb.) Sometimes it governs as a verb, [like the inf. n.,] accord. to some grammarians, as in the following ex.: بِعِشْرَتِكَ الكِرَامَ تُعَدُّ مِنْهُمْ [By thine associating with the generous thou will be reckoned as one of them]. (I'Ak p. 211.) عَشَرَةٌ [Ten;] the first of the عُقُود; (A, K;) with ة, (Msb,) and with fet-h to the ش, (TA,) for the masc.; (Msb, TA;) and عَشْرٌ, without ة, (Msb, TA,) and with one fet-hah, (TA,) for the fem. (Msb, TA.) You say, عَشَرَةُ رِجَالٍ [Ten men]: and عَشْرُ نِسْوَةٍ [ten women]. (S, O, Msb, TA.) [In De Sacy's Arabic Grammar, for the former is inadvertently put عَشْرَةٌ; and for the latter, عَشَرٌ; and in Freytag's lexicon we find عَشَرٌ instead of عَشْرٌ.] عَشَرَاتٌ [is the pl. of عَشَرَةٌ: and also] signifies Decimal numbers. (M in art. ست.) The vulgar make عَشْرٌ masc., as meaning a number of days, saying العَشْرُ الأَوَّلُ, and العَشْرُ الأَخِيرُ; but this is wrong [unless thereby they mean to speak of nights with their days, as will be shown by what follows]: the month consists of three عَشَرَات; namely, العَشْرُ الأُوَلُ [The first ten nights. with their days], pl. of أُولَى; and العَشْرُ الوُسَطُ [The middle ten nights, with their days], pl. of وُسْطَى; and العَشْرُ الأَخَرُ [The last, lit. the other, ten nights, with their days], pl. of أُخْرَى; or العَشْرُ الأَوَاخِرُ [The last ten nights, with their days], pl. of آخرَةٌ. (Msb.) [العَشْرُ الأَوَاخِرُ is also especially applied to The last ten nights of Ramadán, with their days: and عَشْرُ ذِى الحِجَّةِ to The first ten nights of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, with their days: and العَشْرُ, alone, to The first ten nights of El-Moharram, with their days.] The Arabs also said, سِرْنَا عَشْرًا, meaning We journeyed ten nights, with their days; making the fem. [لَيَالٍ] to predominate over the masc. [أَيَّام]; as is the case in the Kur ii. 234. (Msb.) And أَيَّامُ العَشْرِ is used for أَيَّامُ اللَّيَالِى العَشْرِ [The days of the ten nights]. (Mgh.) [See some other observations applying to the syntax of عَشَرَةٌ and عَشْرٌ, voce خَمْسَةٌ. and respecting a peculiar pronunciation of the people of El-Hijáz, and a case in which عَشَرَة is imperfectly decl., see ثَلَاثَةٌ.] b2: [عَشْرٌ is also applied to A portion, or paragraph, of the Kur-án properly consisting of ten verses; but it is often applied to somewhat more, or less, than what is considered by some, or by all, as ten verses, either because there is much disagreement as to the divisions of the verses or for the sake of beginning and ending with a break in the tenour of the text: (see عَاشِرَةٌ:) pl. أَعْشَارٌ. These divisions have no mark to distinguish them in some MSS.: in others, each is marked by a round ornament at the end; or by the word عشر, or the letter ع, over, or over against, the commencement.] b3: When you have passed the number ten, you make the masc. fem., and the fem. masc. [to nineteen inclusively]: in the masc., you reject the ة in عَشَرَة; and from thirteen to nineteen [inclusively], you add ة to the former of the two nouns; and [in every case] you pronounce the ش with fet-h; and you make the two nouns one noun, [and, as such,] indecl., with fet-h for the termination: (TA:) you say, أَحَدَ عَشَرَ [Eleven], (S, O, Msb,) [and اِثْنَا عَشَرَ Twelve,] and ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ [Thirteen], and so on; (Msb, TA;) with fet-h to the ش; and in one dial. with sukoon [أَحَدَ عَشْرَ, &c.]; (Msb;) or the former only: (S, O:) and, as ISk says, some of the Arabs make the ع quiescent, [as many do in the present day,] saying أَحَدَ عْشَرَ, and so on to تِسْعَةَ عْشَرَ [inclusively] except in the instance of اِثْنَا عَشَرَ and اِثْنَىْ عَشَرَ, because of the quiescence of the ا and ى; and Akh says that they make the ع quiescent because the noun is long and its vowels are many: (S, O) in the fem., you add ة to the latter of the two nouns, and reject the ة in the former of them, and make the ش in عشرة quiescent: you say إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ (TA,) [and اِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ,] and so on to تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ [inclusively]: and if you choose, you say إِحْدَى عَشِرَةَ, [&c.,] with kesr to the ش: the former is of the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz, [and is the more common,] and the latter is of the dial. of the people of Nejd: (S, O, TA:) but fet-h to the ش in this case is unknown to the grammarians and lexicologists, as Az says, though an instance has been adduced in an unusual reading of the Kur ii. 57, and another in vii. 160. (TA.) Every noun of number, from eleven to nineteen [inclusively], is mansoob, [or more properly speaking, each of the two nouns of which it is composed is indecl., with fet-h,] in the cases of refa and nasb and khafd, except that of twelve; for اِثْنَا and اِثْنَتَا are decl. [i. e. you say, in a case of nasb or khafd, اِثْنَىْ عَشَرَ and اِثْنَتَىْ عَشْرَةَ]. (TA.) b4: [In the same manner also عَشَرَ and عَشْرَةَ are used in the ordinal compounds,] عُشَرَآءُ A she-camel that has been ten months pregnant, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) from the day of her having been covered by the stallion: she then ceases to be [of those] called مَخَاضً, and she is called عشرا until she brings forth, and also after she has brought forth, (S, O,) or when she has brought forth, at the completion of a year: or when she has brought forth she is termed عَاتِذٌ: (TA:) or that has been eight months pregnant: or, applied to a she-camel, i. q. نُفَسَآءُ applied to a woman: (K:) it is applied also to any female that is pregnant, but mostly to the female of the horse and camel: (IAth:) it is the only sing. word of this measure, which is a pl. measure, except نُفَسَآءُ: (MF:) the dual is عُشَرَاوَانِ: (S, O, TA; in one copy of the S عُشْرَاوَانِ:) and pl. عُشَرَاوَاتٌ; (S, O, K, TA; in one copy of the S, and in the CK عُشْراوات;) but some disallow this; (MF;) and عِشَارٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) like as نِفَاسٌ is pl. of نُفَسَآءُ; (Msb;) and عُشَارٌ: (K in art. نفس:) or عِشَارٌ is applied to she-camels until some of them have brought forth and others are expected to bring forth. (K.) Some say that عِشَار have no milk; though El-Farezdak applies this term to camels that are milked, because of their having recently brought forth; and it is said that camels are most precious to their owners when they are عشار. (TA.) عَشَائِرُ, as pl. of عِشَارٌ, which is pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, signifies Gazelles that have recently brought forth. (O.) لَبَنٌ عُشَرِىٌّ Milk of camels that feed upon the عُشَر, q. v. (TA.) عِشْرُونَ Twenty; twice ten: (K:) applied alike to a masc. and a fem.: (Msb:) you say عِشْرُونَ رَجُلًا [Twenty men], and عِشْرُونَ امْرَأَةً [Twenty women: the noun following it being in the accus. case as a specificative]: (TA:) it is decl. with و and ى [like a pl. formed by the addition of و and ن]; (Msb;) and when you prefix it to another noun, making it to govern the latter in the gen. case, you drop the ن, (S, Msb,) and say, عِشْرُو زَيْدٍ [The twenty of Zeyd], (Msb,) and عِشْرُوكَ [Thy twenty], (S, O, Msb,) and عِشُرِىّ [My twenty], changing the و into ى [in this last case], because of the letter following it, and these incorporating: (S, O:) so says Ks; but most disallow this mode of prefixing in the case of a decimal number [of this kind], (Msb.) [It signifies also Twentieth.] It is not a pl. of عَشَرَةٌ, (so in a copy of the S and in the O and in the TA.) or عَشْرٌ, (so in another copy of the S,) [or perhaps the right reading is عِشْرٌ, as may be inferred from what will be presently added: but first it should be observed that if it were pl. of عَشَرَةٌ, or of عَشْرٌ, it would signify at least three times ten: some hold it to be a pl. of عِشْرٌ, saying, (TA.) as عِشْرٌ signifies camels' coming to water on the ninth day, they do not say عِشْرَانِ [for twenty], but they say عِشْرُونَ, (in the K, لَمْ يُقَلْ عِشْرَيْنِ وَقَالُوا عِشْرِينَ: but the correct reading seems to be لَمْ يَقُولُوا: TA: [in the CK it is more incorrect, لم يقل عِشْرِينَ وقالوا عِشْرَيْنِ:]) making eighteen days to be عِشْرَانِ, and the nineteenth and twentieth a portion of the third عِشْر; and so, [regarding the portion as a whole,] forming the pl. عِشْرُونَ; (K, * TA;) agreeably with a well-known license, which allows the calling two and a part of the third a pl: (TA:) this is the opinion of Kh and IDrd and some others: but J and most of the lexicologists hold that عِشْرُونَ is not a pl. of عَشَرَةٌ nor of عِشْرٌ nor of any other word, and their opinion I hold to be correct, applying as it does to the other similar nouns of number. (MF.) عُشَارَ Ten and ten; [or ten and ten together; or ten at a time and ten at a time;] (MF;) changed from عَشَرَة, (S,) or rather عَشَرَةً عَشَرَةً; as also ↓ مَعْشَرَ; (MF;) [for which reason, and its having the quality of an epithet, each is imperfectly decl.] You say, جَاؤُوا عُشَارَ عُشَارَ, (S, M, O, L, K,) and ↓ مَعْشَرَ مَعْشَرَ, (M, O, L, K,) and عُشَارَ once, and ↓ مَعْشَرَ once, (M, L, TA,) They came ten [and] ten. (S, M, O, L, K.) MF says that the repetition is manifestly wrong; but it is allowed by the M and L, as well as the K; [and is for the purpose of corroboration;] and مَعْشَرَ

↓ مَعْشَرَ is also authorized by the TS. (TA.) A'Obeyd says that more than أُحَادَ and ثُنَآءَ and ثُلَاثَ and رُبَاعَ has not been heard, except عُشَارَ occurring in a verse of El-Kumeyt. (O, TA.) [But خُمَاسَ is mentioned in the K.]

عَشِيرٌ: see عُشْرٌ, in three places. b2: Also A certain measure of land, a tenth of the قَفِيز, (O, Msb, K,) which is the tenth of the جَرِيب [q. v.]: (O, TA:) pl. أَعْشِرَآءُ. (TA in art. جرب.) A2: and An associate; i. q. مُعَاشِرٌ. (S, O, Msb, K.) b2: And A husband; (S, O, Msb, K;) because he and his wife are associates, each of the other. (S, O.) يَكْفُرْنَ العَشِيرَ means They are ungrateful to the husband. (Msb.) b3: And A wife. (Msb.) b4: And A relation. (K.) b5: And A friend. (K.) Pl. عُشَرَآءُ. (K.) b6: See also عَشِيرَةٌ.

A3: Also The cry of the ضَبُع [or hyena, or female hyena]: (K:) in this sense, a word not derived. (TA.) عُشَارَةٌ; and its pl.: see عِشْرٌ.

عُشَارِىٌّ A garment, or piece of cloth, (A, K,) ten cubits long. (S, A, Mgh, O, K.) b2: And A boy ten years old: fem. with ة. (TA.) عَشُورَى and عَشُورَآءُ: see عَاشُورَآءُ.

عَشِيرَةٌ A man's kinsfolk: (Bd and Jel in ix. 24:) or his nearer or nearest relations, or next of kin, by descent from the same father or ancestor: (K:) or a small sub-tribe; a small portion, or the smallest subdivision, of a tribe, less than a فَصِيلَة: (TA voce شَعْبٌ, q. v.:) or a tribe; syn قَبِيلَةٌ; (S, O, Msb;) a man's قَبِيلَة; (K;) as also ↓ عَشِيرٌ, without ة: (TA:) or a community, such as the Benoo-Temeem, and the Benoo-'Amr-Ibn-Temeem: (ISh:) a word having no proper sing.: (Msb:) accord. to some, from عِشْرَةٌ: accord. to others, from عَشَرَةٌ, the number so called: (Bd ubi suprà, and MF:) pl. عَشَائِرُ (Msb, K) and عَشِيرَاتُ. (Msb.) [See also مَعْشَرٌ.]

A2: عَشَائِرُ is also a pl. pl. of عُشَرَآءُ [q. v., last sentence]. (O.) عَشَّارٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عَاشِرٌ (O, Msb, K) and ↓ مُعَشِّرٌ (TA) One who takes, or receives, the عُشْر [q. v.] of property. (S, Msb, K.) Where the punishment of the عَشَّار, or عَاشِر, is mentioned in traditions, as where it is said that the عَاشِر is to be put to death, the meaning is, he who takes the tenth as the people in the Time of Ignorance used to do: such is to be put to death because of his unbelief; or because, being a Muslim, he holds this practice to be lawful: but such as performed the like office for the Prophet and for the Khaleefehs after him may be thus called because of the relation of what he takes to the tenth, as the quarter of the tenth, and the half of the tenth, and as he takes the tenth wholly of the produce that is watered [only] by the rain, and the tenth of the property in merchandise [of foreigners, and half the tenth of that] of non-Muslim subjects. (TA.) [There is either a mistake or an omission in the last part of the statement above, in the TA, which I have rectified by inserting “ of foreigners ” &c.]

عَاشِرٌ: see عَشَّارٌ. b2: One says also, صَارَ عَاشِرَهُمْ [meaning he became the tenth of them]. (S, Msb, K.) عَاشِرَةٌ The circular sign which marks a division of an 'ashr (عَشْر) in a copy of the Kur-án: (O, L, K:) a post-classical term: (O, L:) pl. عَوَاشِرُ. (S, K.) b2: And عَوَاشِرُ القُرْآنِ means The verses that complete an عَشْر of the Kur-án. (K.) b3: and إِبِلٌ عَوَاشِرُ Camels coming to water after an interval of eight days; (S, O;) on the tenth day [counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]: or on the ninth day [not counting the day of the next preceding watering: see عِشْرٌ]. (K.) A2: For another signification of the pl., عَوَاشِرُ, see عِشْرُ, last sentence.

A3: عَاشِرَةُ is a proper name of The ضَبُع [i. e. hyena, or female hyena]; a determinate noun: [but it has for] pl. عَاشِرَاتٌ. (O.) عَاشُورٌ: see what next follows.

عَاشُورَآءُ and ↓ عَشُورَآءُ (Msb, K) and عَاشُورَى (Msb, K) and ↓ عَشُورَى (K) and ↓ عَاشُورٌ, (Msb, K,) or يَوْمُ عَاشُورَآءَ (S, O, and K in art. تسع, &c.) or يَوْمُ العَاشُورَآءِ (S in that art., &c.) and يَوْمُ عَشُورَآءَ, (S, O,) The tenth day of the month El-Moharram: (S, Msb, K:) or the ninth thereof, (K,) accord. to some; but most of the learned, of old and late times, agree that it is the former; (Msb in art. تسع;) and Az says that by the ninth may be meant the tenth; after the same manner as the term عِشْرٌ, relating to camels' coming to water, is [said to be] applied to a period of nine days, [but means the coming to water on the tenth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first,] as Lth says, on the authority of Kh. (TA.) Few nouns of the measure فَاعُولَآءُ have been heard. (Az, TA.) مَعْشَرٌ A company, or collective body, (Az, S, O, Msb, K,) of people, (S,) consisting of men, exclusive of women; like نَفَرٌ and قَوْمٌ and رَهْطٌ; (Az, Msb;) having no proper sing.: (Az:) or any company, or collective body, whose state of circumstances is one; a community; as the معشر of the Muslims and that of the Polytheists: (Lth:) or a great company, or collective body; so called [from عَشَرَةٌ,] because they are many; for عشرة is that large and perfect number after which there is no number but what is composed of the units comprised in it: (MF:) or the family of a man: or jinn (i. e. genii) and mankind: (K: [or the author of the K may mean, or jinn: and also mankind:]) in the Kur [vi. 130, and lv. 33], we find the expression يَا مَعْشَرَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ; but this means O معشر consisting of the jinn and of mankind: and [vi. 128], يَا مَعْشَرَ الجِنِّ, without the mention of الانس: (MF:) pl. مَعَاشِرُ. (S, Msb.) [See also عَشِيرَةٌ.]

A2: مَعْشَرَ: see عُشَارَ, in four places.

مُعْشِرٌ (tropical:) A woman who has completed her full time of pregnancy. (TA.) مُعَشَّرٌ pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. See also مُثَلَّثٌ.]

مُعَشِّرٌ: see عَشَّارٌ.

A2: Also One whose camels have brought forth: and one whose camels have become عِشَار [pl. of عُشَرَآء]. (O, K.) مِعْشَارٌ: see عُشْرٌ.

A2: Also A she-camel whose milk is abundant (K, TA) in the nights of her bringing forth. (TA.)

ع ش ر
. العَشَرَة، مُحَرَّكة: أَوَّلُ العُقُودِ، وإِذَا جُرِّدَت من الهاءِ، وعُدَّ بهَا المؤنَّث، فبالفَتْح، تَقول، تَقول: عَشْر نِسْوَةٍ، وعَشَرَةُ رجَال، فإِذا جاوَزْتَ العِشْرِينَ اسْتَوَى المُذَكَّر والمُؤَنَّث فقلتَ: عِشْرُونَ رَجُلاً، وعِشْرُونَ امرأَةً. وَمَا كَانَ من الثَّلاَثَة إِلى العَشَرَة فالهاءُ تَلْحَقُه فِيمَا واحِدُهُ مُذَكَّر، وتُحْذَف فِيهَا واحِدُه مُؤَنَّث. فإِذا جاوَزْتَ العَشَرَةَ أَنَّثْتَ المُذكَّرَ وذكَّرْتَ المُؤنَّث، وحَذَفْتَ الهاءَ فِي المُذَكَّر فِي العَشَرَة، وأَلْحَقْتَهَا فِي الصدَّرِْفيما بَيْنَ ثَلاثَة عَشَرَ إِلى تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ، وفَتَحْتَ الشِّين، وجَعَلْتَ الاسْمَيْنِ اسْماً واحِداً مَبْنِيّاً على الفَتْح. فإِذا صِرْتَ إِلى المُؤَنّث أَلْحَقَتَ الهاءَ فِي العَجُز، وحِذْفْتَها مِن الصدْر، وأَسْكَنْتَ الشّين من عَشْرَة، وإِنْ شِئْتَ كَسْرَتَها، كَذَا فِي اللّسان.صارَ عاشِرَهُم، وَكَانَ عاشِرَ عَشَرَةٍ، أَي كَمَّلَهم عَشَرَةً بنَفْسه. وَقد خَلَطَ المُصنِّف هُنا بَين فِعْلَيِ)
البَابَيْنِ. والّذِي صَرَّحَ بِهِ شُرّاح الفَصيح وغَيْرُهم أَنّ الأَوّل من حَدّ ضرب وَالَّذِي فِي كتب الْأَفْعَال أَنه من حدِ كَتَبَ، وَالثَّانِي من حَدّ ضَرَب، قِياساً على نَظائرِه من رَبَعَ وخَمَسَ، كَمَا سيأْتي. وَقد أَشار لذَلِك البَدْرُ القَرافِيُّ فِي حاشِيَته، وتَبِعَهُ شَيْخُنا مُنبِّهاً على ذَلِك، مُتَحَامِلاً عَلَيْهِ أَشَدَّ تَحَامُلٍ. وثَوْبٌ عُشَاريٌّ، بالضّم: طولُه عَشَرَةُ أَذْرعٍ. والعاشُوراءُ، قَالَ شَيْخُنا: قلتُ: المَعروف تَجَرُّدُه من ال والعَشُوراءُ، مَمْدُودان ويُقْصَرانِ، والعاشُورُ: عاشِرُ المُحَرَّمِ قَالَ الأَزهريّ: وَلم أَسمَع فِي أَمثلة الأَسمَاءِ اسْما على فاعُولاءَ إِلاّ أَحْرُفاً قَليلَة. قَالَ ابنُ بُزُرْج: الضّارُورَاءُ: الضَّرّاءُ، والسّارُورَاءُ: السَّرّاءُ، والدَّالُولاءُ: الدَّلاَلُ. وَقَالَ ابنُ الأَعْرَابِيّ: الخَابُورَاءُ: موضعٌ. وَقد أُلْحِقَ بِهِ تاسُوعاءُ. قلتُ فَهَذِهِ الأَلْفَاظ يُسْتَدْرَك بهَا على ابنِ دُرَيْد حَيْثُ قَالَ فِي الجَمْهَرة: لَيْسَ لَهُم فاعُولاءُ غير عاشُوراءَ لَا ثانِيَ لَهُ، قَالَ شيخُنَا: ويُسْتَدْرَك عَلَيْهِم حاضُوراءُ، وَزَاد ابنُ خالَوَيْهِ سامُوعاءَ. أَو تاسِعُه، وَبِه أَوَّلَ المُزَنيّ الحديثَ لأَصُومَنَّ التاسعَ، فَقَالَ: يحْتَمل أَنْ يكونَ التاسِعُ هُوَ العاشَِر، قَالَ الأزهريّ: كأَنّه تَأَوَّلَ فِيهِ عِشْر الوِرْد أَنَّهَا تسعةُ أَيّام، وَهُوَ الَّذِي حَكاه اللَّيْثُ عَن الخَلِيل، وَلَيْسَ بِبَعِيد عَن الصَّواب. والعِشْرُون، بالكَسْر: عَشَرَتَان، أَي عَشَرَةٌ مُضافَة إِلَى مِثْلها، وُضِعت على لفظ الجَمْع، وَلَيْسَ بجَمْعِ العَشَرَة لأَنّه لَا دَلِيلَ على ذَلِك، وكَسَرُوا أَوَّلَهَا لعِلّة. فإِذا أَضَفْتَ أَسقطتَ النُّون، قلتَ: هَذِه عشْرُوكَ وعِشْرِيَّ، بقَلْبِ الواوِ يَاء للَّتِي بعْدهَا فتُدغم. وعَشْرَنَه: جَعَلَه عِشْرينَ، نادرٌ للفَرْقِ الَّذِي بَيْنَه وَبَين عَشَرْتُ.
والعَشِير: جُزْءٌ من عَشَرة أَجزاءٍ، كالمِعْشَار، بِالْكَسْرِ، الأَخِيرُ عَن قطْرُب، نَقله الجوهريّ فِي ر ب ع والعُشْرُ، بالضّم، والعَشِيرُ والعُشْرُ واحدٌ، مِثْلُ الثَّمِينِ والثُّمنِ، والسَّدِيسِ والسُّدسِ، يَطَّرد هَذَانِ البِنَاءاَن فِي جَمِيع الكُسورِ، ج عُشُورٌ وأَعْشارٌ. وأَما العَشِيرُ فجَمْعُه أَعْشِراءُ، مثل نَصِيب وأَنْصِباءَ. وَفِي الحَدِيث: تِسْعَةُ أَعْشراءِ الرِّزْقِ فِي التِّجَارَة. والعَشِيرُ: القَرِيبُ، والصَّدِيقُ ج عُشَراءُ. وعَشِيرُ المَرْأَةِ: الزَّوْج لأَنّه يُعَاشِرُهَا وتُعاشرُه. وَبِه فُسِّر الحَدِيث: لأَنَّهُنَّ يُكْثِرْنَ اللَّعْنَ ويَكْفُرْنَ العَشِيرَ. والعَشِيرُ: المُعَاشِرُ، كالصَّدِيقِ والمُصادِق. وَبِه فُسِّر قولُه تعالَى: لَبئْسَ المَوْلَى ولَبئْس العَشِيرُ. والعَشِيرُ فِي حِسابِ مِسَاحَةِ الأَرْضِ وَفِي بعض الأُصُول: الأَرْضِينَ: عُشْرُ القَفِيزِ، والقَفِيزُ: عُشْرُ الجَرِيب. والعَشِيرُ: صَوْتُ الضَّبُعِ. غيرُ مُشْتَقٍّ. وعَشَرَهُمْ يَعْشرُهُمْ، مُقْتَضَى اصْطِلَاحه أَن يكونَ من حَدِّ كَتَبَ، كَمَا تَقَدَّم آنِفاً، عَشْراً، بالفَتْح على الصَّواب، ورَجَّحَ شيخُنَا الضَّمّ، ونَقَلَه عَن شُروح الفَصِيح، وعُشُوراً، كقُعُودٍ، وعَشَّرَهُمْ تَعْشيراً: أَخَذ عُشْرَ) أَمْوالِهِم وعَشَرَ المَالَ نَفْسَه وعَشَّرَه، كَذَلِك. وَلَا يَخْفَى أَنّ فِي قَوْله: عَشَرَهُم يَعْشرُهُم، إِلى آخِره، مَعَ ماسَبَق. وعَشَرَ: أَخَذَ وَاحداً من عَشَرَة، تكرارٌ، فإِنَّ أَخْذَ وَاحِدٍ من عَشَرَةٍ هُوَ أَخْذُ العُشْرِ بعَيْنِه، أَشار لذَلِك البَدْرُ القَرَافِيّ فِي حَاشِيَته، وتَبِعَهُ شيخُنَا. وَهُوَ أَحَدُ المَوَاضِعِ الَّتِي لم يُحرِّر فِيهَانقلا عَن الخّلِيل، قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهم يَحْبِسُونَها عَن الماءِ تِسْعَ لَيالٍ وثَمَانِيَةَ أَيّام، ثمَّ تُورَدُ فِي اليَوْمِ التاسعِ، وَهُوَ اليَوْمُ العَاشِرُ من الوِرْدِ الأَوّل.
وَفِي اللِّسَان: العِشْر: وِرْدُ الإِبلِ اليَوْمَ العَاشِرَ. وَفِي حِسابهم: العِشْرُ: التاسِعُ. فإِذا جاوَزُوهَا بمِثْلِهَا فظِمْؤُهَا عِشْرَانِ. والإِبِلُ فِي كلّ ذَلِك عَواشِرُ، أَي تَرِدُ الماءَ عِشْراً، وَكَذَلِكَ الثَّوَامِنُ والسَّوابِعُ والخَوامسُ. وَقَالَ الأَصمعيّ إِذا وَرَدَتِ الإِبِلُ فِي كُلِّ يَوم قيل: قد وَرَدتْ رِفْهاً، فإِذا وَرَدَتْ يَوْمًا ويَوْماً لَا، قيل: وَرَدَتْ غِبّاً، فإِذا ارْتَفَعَتْ عَن الغِبِّ فالظِّمْءُ الرِّبْعُ، وَلَيْسَ فِي الوِرْد ثِلْثٌ، ثمَّ الخِمْس إِلى العِشْر، فإِذا زَادَت فَلَيْسَ لَهَا تَسْمِيَةُ وِرْدٍ، ولكنْ يُقَال: هِيَ تَرِدُ عِشْراً وغِبّاً،)
وعِشْراً ورِبْعاً، إِلى العِشْرِين، فيُقالُ حِينَئِذٍ: ظِمْؤُها عِشْرانِ. فإِذَا جاوَزَتَ العِشْرين فهيَ جَوازِئُ. وَفِي الصّحاح: والعِشْرُ: مَا بَيْن الوِرْدَيْن، وَهِي ثَمَانِيَةُ أَيّام، لأَنَّها تَرِدُ اليَوْمَ العاشِرَ.
وَكَذَلِكَ الأَظْمَاءُ كلّها بِالْكَسْرِ، وَلَيْسَ لَهَا بعد العِشْر اسْمٌ إِلاّ فِي العِشْرِين، فإِذا وَرَدَتْ يَوْمَ العِشْرِينَ قيل: ظِمْؤُهَا عِشْرانِ، وَهُوَ ثمانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً، فإِذا جاوَزَت العِشْرَيْن فَلَيْسَ لَهَا تَسْميَةٌ، وَهِي جَوَازئ. انْتهى. وَمثله قَالَ أَبو مَنْصُورٍ الثَّعَالِبِيّ وصَرّح بِهِ غيرُه، ووجدتُ فِي هَوَامِشِ بعضِ نُسَخِ القَامُوس فِي هَذَا الموضِع مُؤاخَذاتٌ للوزير الفاضِل محمّد رَاغِب باشا، سامَحَه الله وعَفا عَنهُ، مِنْهَا: ادِّعاؤُه أَنّ الصَّواب فِي العِشْر هُوَ وُرُودُ الإِبِلِ اليومَ العاشِرَ، لأَنّه الأَنْسَبُ بالإشْتِقَاق. والجَوابُ عَنهُ أَنّ الصَّواب أَنَّه لَا مُنافاةَ بَين القَوْلَيْن، لأَنّ الوِرْدَ على مَا حَقَّقه الجوهريّ وغيرُه ثَمَانِيَة أَيّام أَو مَعَ لَيْلَة، فمَنِ اعْتَبَر الزِّيادةَ أَلْحَقَ اليومَ باللَّيْلَةِ، وَمن لم يَعْتَبِرْ جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَةَ كالزِّيادَةِ. وَبِه يُجَابُ عَن الجوهريّ أَيضاً، حَيْثُ لم يَذْكُر القَوْلَ الثَّانِيّ، فكأَنَّه اكْتَفَى بالأَوّل لعَدَمِ مُنافاتِه مَعَ الثَّانِي. فتأَمَّل. وَكنت فِي سابِقِ الأَمْرِ حِينَ اطّلعتُ على مُؤاخَذَاتِه كتبتُ رِسَالَة صَغِيرَة تَتَضَمَّن الأَجْوِبَةَ عَنْهَا، لَيْسَ هَذَا محلَّ سَرْدِهَا. ولِهذَا قَالَ شَيْخُنَا: الإِشارة تعودُ لأَقْرَبِ مَذْكُور، أَي ولكَوْنِ العِشْرِ التاسِعَ لم يُقَل: عِشْرِيْنِ، أَي مُثَنَّىً، فَلَو كَانَ العِشْرُ العاشِرَ لقالوا: عِشْرَانِ، مُثَنّىً، لأَنّ فِيهِ عِشْرِيْنِ لَا ثَلاَثَة، هَكَذَا فِي النُّسَخ المُتَدَاوَلَة. وَقَالَ بعضُ الأَفاضِل: ولعلّ الصَّوابَ: ولِهذا لم يَقُولُوا. وَقَالُوا: عِشْرينَ بلَفْظِ الجَمْع، فَلَيْسَ اسْماً للعاشِرِ بل للتاسع، جَعَلُوا ثَمانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً عِشْرِينَ تَحْقِيقاً والتاسِعَةَ عَشَرَ والعِشْرِينَ طَائِفَة من الوِرْد، أَي العِشْر الثَّالِث، فقالُوا بِهَذَا الاعْتِبَار: عِشْرِينَ، جَمَعُوه بذلك وإِنْ لم يكن فِيهِ ثَلَاثَة. وإِطْلاق الجَمْع على الاثْنَيْنِ وبَعْض الثالثِ سائغٌ شائعٌ، كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: الحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ. فَلفظ العِشْرين فِي العَدَدِ مأَخوذ من العِشْر الَّذِي هُوَ وِرْدِ الإِبِل خاصَّة، واستعماله فِي مُطلق العَدَد فَرْعٌ عَنهُ، فَهُوَ من اسْتِعْمَال المُقَيَّد فِي المُطْلَق بِلَا قَيْد حَقَّقَه شيخُنَا. وَفِي جَمْهَرة ابنِ دُرَيْد: وأَمّا قولُهم عِشْرُونَ فمأْخُوذٌ من أَظْماءِ الإِبِلِ، أَرادوا عِشْراً وعِشْراً وبَعْضَ عِشْرٍ ثالثٍ. فلمّا جاءَ البَعْضُ جَعَلُوها ثَلاثَةَ أَعْشَار فجَمَعُوا، وَذَلِكَ أَن الإِبِلَ تضرْعَى سِتَةَّ أَيّام، وتقرب يَومَيْن، وتَرِدُ فِي التاسعِ، وَكَذَا العِشْر الثَّانِي فهُمَا ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً، وبَقِيَ يَوْمَانِ من الثالِث فأَقامُوهما مُقَامَ عِشْر والعِشْرُ: آخِرُ الأَظْمَاءِ. انْتهى. وَفِي اللِّسَان: قَالَ اللَّيْث: قلتُ للخَلِيل: مَا مَعْنَى العِشْرين قَالَ: جمَاعَة عِشْر، قلتُ: فالعِشْر كم يكون قَالَ: تِسْعَةُ أَيّام. قُلْتُ: فعِشْرُون لَيْسَ)
بتَمَامِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ عِشْرَانِ ويَوْمَان. قَالَ: لمّا كَانَ من العِشْر الثَّالِث يَوْمان جَمَعْتَه بالعِشْرِينَ. قلتُ: وإِنْ لم يَسْتَوْعِب الجِزْءَ الثالثَ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَلا تَرَى قولَ أَبي حَنيفَة: إِذا طَلَّقها تَطْلِيقَتَيْن وعُشْرَ تَطْلِيقَة، فإِنّه يَجْعَلُهَا ثَلاثاً، وإِنّما من الطَّلْقَةِ الثَالِثَةِ فِيهِ جزءٌ، فالعِشْرُونَ هَذَا قِيَاسُه. قلتُ: لَا يُشْبهُ العِشْرُ التطليقةَ، لأَنّ بعضَ التطليقةِ تطليقةٌ تامّة، وَلَا يكونُ بَعْضُ العِشْر عِشْراً كامِلاً، أَلا تَرَى أَنّه لَو قَالَ لامْرَأَته: أَنْت طالشقٌ نِصْفَ تَطْلِيقَةً أَو جُزْءاً من مائَة تَطْلِيقَة كَانَت تَطْلِيقَةً تامَّةً، وَلَا يكونُ نِصْفُ العِشْر وثُلثُ العِشْرِ عشْراً كَامِلا. انْتهى. قَالَ شَيْخُنا: هَذَا الَّذِي أَوْرَده اللَّيْثُ على شَيِْخه ظاهرٌ فِي القَدْحِ فِي القيَاسِ، بِهَذَا الفَرْقِ الذِي أَشارَ إِلَيْه بَيْنَ المَقِيس والمَقِيسِ عَلَيْه، وَهُوَ يرجه إِلى المُعَارَضَة فِي الأَصْلِ أَو الفَرْع أَو إِلَيْهِمَا. والأَصَحّ أَنّه قادحُ عِنْد أَرْبابِ الأُصول. أَمّا أَهْلُ العَرَبِيّة فلَهُم فِيهِ كَلامٌ. والصَحِيح أَنَّ القيَاسَ عِنْدهم لَا يَدْخُلُ اللُّغَةَ، أَي لَا تُوْضَع قِياساً كَمَا حققته فِي شَرْح الاقْتِراح وغَيْرِه من أُصولِ العَرَبِيَّة. أَما ذِكْرُ مِثْلِ هَذَا لِمُجَرَّدِ البَيَانِ والإِيضاح كَمَا فعلَ الخَليلُ فَلَا يَضُرّ اتّفاقاً. وتَسْمِيَةُ جُزءِ التّطْليقة تَطْلِيَقةً لَيْسَ من اللّغَة فِي شيْءٍ، إِنّمَا هُوَ اصْطِلاحُ الفقهاءِ، وإِجماعُهم عَلَيْهِ، لَا خُصُوصِيَّةٌ للإِمام أَبِي حَنيفَةَ وَحْدَهُ.
وإِنّمَا حَكَمُوا بذلك لَمّا عُلمَ أَنّ الطَّلاقَ لَا يَتَجَزَّأُ، كالعِتْقِ ونَحْوِه، فكلُّ فَرْدِ من أَجْزائه أَو أَجزاءِ مُفْرَدِه عامِلٌ مُعْتَبَرٌ للاحْتِياط، كَمَا حُرِّرَ فِي مُصَنَّفَاتِ الفقْه. وأَما جُزْءٌ من الوِرْد فَهُوَ مُتَصَوَّر ظاهِرٌ، كجزءِ مَا يَقْبَلُ التَّجْزِئَةَ، كجُزْءٍ من عَشَرَة ومنْ أَرْبَعَة ومِنْ عشْرِينَ مَثَلاً وَمن كُلّ عَدَد.
فمُرادُ الخَلِيلِ أَنَّهم أَطْلَقُوا الكُلَّ على الجُزْءِ، ك الحَجُّ أَشْهُر مَعْلُوماتٌ. كَمَا أَنَّ الفُقَهَاءَ فِي إِطْلاق نصْفِ التَّطْلِيقَة على التَّطْلِيقَة يُرِيدُون مِثْلَ ذَلِك، لأَنّ بعض التَّطْليقة جُزْءٌ مِنْهَا، فمهما حَصَلَ أُرِيدَ بِهِ التَّطْلِيقة الكاملَة، وإِنْ كَانَ فِي التَّطْلِيقَةِ لَازِما وَفِي غَيْرها لَيْس كَذَلِك، فَلَا يَلْزَم مَا فَهِمَه اللَّيْثُ وعارَضَ بِهِ من القَدْح فِي المِقْيَاس مُطْلَقاً كَمَا لَا يَخْفَى. وإِلاّ فَأَيْن وَضْعُ اللُّغَةِ وأَحْكَامُها من أَوْضاعِ الفِقْهِ لأَئِمَّته وَالله أَعلم. انْتهى. وَفِي شَمْسِ العُلُوم: وَيُقَال إِنّمَا كُسِرَت العَيْنُ فِي عِشْرينَ، وفُتِح أَوَّلُ بَاقِي الأَعْدادِ مثل ثَلاثِينَ وأَرْبَعِين ونَحْوِه إِلى الثَّمَانِينَ، لأَنَّ عِشْرينَ من عَشَرَة بِمَنْزِلَة اثْنَيْنِ من واحِد، فدَلّ على ذَلِك كَسْرُ أَوّل ستّينَ وتسْعينَ لأَنّه يُقَال سِتَّةٌ وتِسْعَة.
قلتُ: وَهَكَذَا صرَّح بِهِ ابنُ دُرَيْد. قَالَ شيخُنا: ثمّ كلامُ ابنِ دُرَيْد وغيرِه صَرِيحٌ فِي أَنّ العشْرِينَ الَّذي هُوَ العَدَدُ المُعَيَّنُ مأْخوذٌ من عِشْرِ الإِبِل بَعْدَ جَمْعِه بِمَا ذَكَرُوه من التَّأْوِيلات، وكلامُ الجَوْهَرِيّ والمُصَنّف والفَيُّومِيّ وأَكثرِ أَهْلِ اللُّغَة أَنَّ العِشْرينَ اسمٌ موضوعٌ لهَذَا العَدَدِ، وَلَيْسَ)
بجَمْعٍ لَعَشَرَةٍ وَلَا لِعشْرٍ وَلَا لَغْير ذَلِك، فتَأَمَّلْ ذَلِك، فإِنّه عِنْدِي الصَّوابُ الجَارِي على قَوَاعِدِ بَقِيّة العُقُود، فَلَا يُخْرَجُ بِهِ وَحْدَه عَن نَظَائره. ووَجْهُ كَسْرِ أَوَّلِه ومُخَالَفَتُه لأَنْظَارِه مَرَّ شَرْحُه.
وكأَنَّهُم استعملوا العِشْرِين فِي الأَظْمَاءِ اسْتِعْمَالاً آخَرَ، جَمَعُوه ونَقَلُوه لِلْعَدَدِ المَذْكُور. يَبْقَى مَا وَجْهُ جَمْعِه جَمْعَ سَلاَمَةِ وَقد يُقَال: إِلْحَاقُه بالعِشْرِينَ الْمَوْضُوع للعَدَد الْمَذْكُور وَالله أَعْلَم.
والإِبلُ: عَوَاشرُ، يُقَال: أَعْشَرَ الرَّجلُ: إِذا وَرَدَتْ إِبلِهُ عِشْراً. وَهَذِه إِبلٌ عَوَاشِرُ. وعَوَاشرُ القُرْآنِ: الآيُ الَّتِي يَتِمُّ بهَا العَشْرُ. وعُشَارُ، بالضَّمِّ: مَعْدُولٌ من عَشَرَةٍ وجاؤُوا عُشَارَ عُشَارَ، ومَعْشَرَ مَعْشَرَ وعُشَارَ ومَعْشَرَ، أَي عَشَرَةً عَشَرَةً، كَمَا تَقول: جَاؤُوا أُحَادَ أُحادَ، وثُنَاءَ ثُنَاءَ، ومَثْنَى مَثْنَى. قَالَ أَبو عُبَيْد: وَلم يُسْمَعْ أَكْثَر مِنْ أُحادَ وثُنَاءَ وثُلاَثَ ورُبَاعَ إِلاّ فِي قَوْل الكمَيَتْ:
(فَلَمْ يَسْتَرِيثُوكَ حَتَّى رَمَيْ ... تَ فَوْقَ الرِّجَالِ خِصَالاً عُشَارَا)
كَذَا فِي الصِّحَاح. وَقَالَ الصاغانيّ: والرّجال، بالّلام تصحيفٌ، وَالرِّوَايَة فوقَ الرَّجاءِ، ويُرْوَى: خِلالاً. قَالَ شيخُنَا: تَكْرار عُشَارَ ومَعْشَرَ غَلَطٌ وَاضِحٌ، كَمَا يُعْلَمُ من مبادي العَربِيّة، لأَنّ عُشَارَ مُفْرَدٌ مَعْنَاهُ عَشَرَة، عَشَرَة، ومَعْشَرَ كَذَلِك، مثْل مَثْنَى وَقد أَغْفَل ضَبْطَه اعْتماداً على الشُّهْرَة، وغَلِطَ فِي الإِتْيَانِ بِهِ مُكَرَّراً كمُفَسِّره. قلتُ: الَّذِي ذكره المُصَنف بعَيْنه عِبارَةُ المُحْكَم واللّسان، وَفِيهِمَا جَوازُ الوَجْهَيْن. وَفِي التكملة: جاءَ القَوْمُ مَعْشَرَ مَعْشَرَ، أَي عَشَرَةً عَشَرَةً، كَمَا تَقول: مَوْحَدَ مَوْحَدَ، ومَثْنَى مَثْنَى وكَفَى لِلمُصَنّف قُدْوة بهَؤلاءِ، فَتَأَمَّل وعَشَّرَ الحِمَارُ تَعْشيراً: تابَعَ النَّهِيقَ عَشْراً ووَالى بَين عشْرِ تَرْجِيعَات فِي نَهِيقه، فَهُوَ مُعشِّرٌ، ونَهِيقُه يُقال لَهُ التَّعْشيرُ. قَالَ عُرْوَةُ بنُ الوَرْد:
(وإِنّي وإِنْ عَشَرْتُ منْ خَشْيَةِ الرَّدَى ... نُهَاقَ حِمَارٍ إِنَّني لَجَزُوعُ)
وَمَعْنَاهُ: أَنَّهُم يَزْعُمُونَ أَن الرَّجُلَ إِذا وَرَدَ أَرْضَ وَبَاءٍ، ووَضَع يَدَه خَلْفَ أُذُنِه فَنَهَقَ عَشْرَ نَهَقَات نَهِيقَ الحِمَار، ثمَّ دَخَلَها، أَمِنَ من الوَبَاءِ. ويُرْوَى: وإِنّي وإِنْ عَشَّرْتُ فِي أَرْض مالِكٍ. وعَشَّرَ الغُرَابُ تَعْشِيراً: نَعَقَ كَذَلِك، أَي عَشْرَ نَعْقَات، من غَيْرِ أَن يُشْتَقّ من العَشَرة، وَكَذَلِكَ عَشَّرَ الحمَارُ. والعُشَرَاءُ، بِضَم العَين وفَتْح الشين مَمْدُودَة، من النُّوق: الَّتِي مَضَى لِحَمْلِهَا عَشَرَةُ أَشْهُرٍ بعد طُرُوقِ الفَحْلِ، كَمَا فِي العِناية أَو ثمانِيَةٌ والأَوَّلُ أَوْلَى لمَكَان لَفْظه، وَلَا يَزالُ ذَلِك اسْمَها حَتّى تَضَعَ، فإِذَا وَضَعَتْ لِتَمَامِ سَنَةٍ فَهِيَ عُشَرَاءُ أَيضاً على ذَلِك، وقِيلَ: إِذَا وَضَعَتْ فَهِيَ عائِذٌ: وجَمْعُها عُوذٌ أَوْ هِيَ من الإِبِلِ كالنُّفَسَاءِ من النِّسَاءِ. قَالَ شيخُنَا: والعُشَرَاءُ نَظِير أَوزانِ)
الجُمُوعِ، وَلَا نَظِيرَ لَهَا فِي المُفْرَداتِ إِلاّ قولُهُم: امْرَأَةٌ نُفَساءُ، انْتهى. وَفِي اللِّسَان: وَيُقَال: ناقَتانِ عُشْرَاوَانِ. وَفِي الحَدِيث قَالَ صَعْصَعَة بنُ ناجِيَةَ: اشتريتُ مَوْءُودَةً بناقَتَيْنِ عُشَرَاوَيْنِ. قَالَ ابنُ الأَثير: قد اتُّسِعَ فِي هَذَا حتَّى قِيلَ لِكُلّ حامِل عُشْرَاءُ، وأَكْثَرُ مَا يُطْلَق على الخَيْلِ والإِبل. ج عُشَرَاوَاتٌ، يُبْدِلُون من هَمْزَةِ التَّأْنِيث واَواً. قَالَ شيخُنَا: وَقد أَنْكَرَه بعضٌ، ومُرادُه جَمْعُ السَّلاَمة. وعِشَارٌ، بِالْكَسْرِ، كَسَّروه على ذَلِك، كَمَا قالُوا: رُبَعَةٌ ورُبَعَاتٌ ورِبَاعٌ، أَجْرَوْا فُعَلاءَ مُجْرَى فُعَلَة، شَبَّهوها بهَا، لأَنّ البِنَاءَ واحدٌ، ولأَنّ آخِرَه علامةُ التَأْنِيث. وَفِي المــصْباح: والجَمْعُ عِشَارٌ، ومِثْلُه نُفَسَاءُ ونفَاسٌ، وَلَا ثالِثَ لَهما. انْتهى. وَقَالَ ثَعْلَب: العِشَار من الإِبِل الَّتي قد أَتَى عَلَيْهَا عَشَرَةُ أَشْهَرٍ. وَبِه فُسِّر قولُه تَعَالَى: وإِذَا العِشَارُ عُطِّلَتْ قَالَ الفَرّاءُ: لُقَّحُ الإبِلِ عَطَّلَتَها أَهْلُها لاشْتِغالهم بأَنْفُسِهم، وَلَا يُعَطِّلُها قَوْمُهَا إِلاّ فِي حالِ القِيَامَة. أَو العِشَارُ: اسمٌ يَقَعُ على النُّوقِ حَتَّى يُنْتَجَ بَعْضُها وبَعْضُها يُنْتَظَر نِتَاجُهَا، قَالَ الفَرَزْدَق:
(كَمْ عَمّةٍ لكَ يَا جَرِيرُ وخَالَةٍ ... فَدْعاءَ قَدْ حَلَبَتْ عَلَىَّ عِشَارِي)
قَالَ بعضُهم: وَلَيْسَ للعِشَارِ لَبَنٌ، وإِنّمَا سَمّاهَا عِشَاراً لأَنّهَا حديثةُ العَهْدِ بالنِّتَاج وَقد وَضَعَتْ أَوْلادَهَا. وأَحْسَنُ مَا تكونُ الإِبِل وأَنْفَسُهَا عِنْد أَهْلِها إِذا كَانَت عِشَاراً. وعَشَّرَت الناقةُ تَعْشِيراً وأَعْشَرَتْ: صارَت عُشَراءَ. وعَلى الأَوّل اقْتصر صاحِبُ المِــصْباح. وأَعْشَرَتْ أَيضاً: أَتَى عَلَيْهَا عَشْرُ أَشْهُرٍ من نِتاجِها. وناقَةٌ مِعْشَارٌ: يَغْزُرُ لَبَنُهَا لَياليَ تُنْتَج. ونَعَتَ أَعْرَابيٌّ نَاقَة فَقَالَ: إِنَّهَا مِعْشَارٌ مِشْكَارٌ مِغْبَارٌ. وقَلْبٌ أَعْشَارٌ، جاءَ على بِنَاءِ الجَمْع، كَمَا قَالُوا: رُمْحٌ أَقْصَادٌ. قَالَ امْرُؤ القَيس فِي عَشِيقَته:
(وَمَا ذَرَفَتْ عَيْنَاكِ إِلاّ لتَقْدَحي ... بسَهْمَيْك فِي أَعْشَارِ قَلْبٍ مُقْتَّلِ)
أَراد أَنَّ قَلْبَه كُسِّرَ ثُمّ شُعِبَ كَمَا تُشْعَبُ القُدُورُ. وذكرَ فِيهِ ثَعْلَب قَوْلاً آخَرَ، قَالَ الأزهريّ: وَهُوَ أَعْجَبُ إِلىّ من هَذَا القَوْل، وَذَلِكَ أَنه أَراد بقوله: سَهْمَيْك هُنَا سَهْمَيْ قِداحِ المَيْسر، وهما المُعلَّى والرَّقِيبُ، فلِلْمُعَلَّى سبعةُ أَنْصباءَ، وللرَّقيب ثَلاثَةٌ، فإِذَا فازَ الرَّجُلُ بهما غَلَب على جَزُورِ المَيْسِر كُلّهَا، وَلم يَطْمَعْ غَيْرُه فِي شيْءٍ مِنْهَا. وَهِي تَنْقَسِمُ على عَشَرَةِ أَجزاءٍ، فالمَعْنَى أَنّهَا ضَرَبَتْ بسِهامِها عَلَى قَلْبِه فخَرَج لَهَا السَّهْمَانِ، فغَلَبَتْه على قَلْبِه كُلِّه، وفَتنَتْه فَمَلَكَتْه. وقَدَحٌ أَعْشَارٌ، وقِدْرٌ أَعْشَارٌ، وقُدُورٌ أَعَاشيرُ: مُكَسَّرَةٌ على عَشْرِ قِطَعٍ. وعَشَّرْتُ القَدَحَ تَعْشِيراً، إِذا كَسّرْتَه فصَيَّرْتَه أَعْشَاراً. أَو قِدْرٌ أَعْشَارٌ: عَظِيمَةٌ لَا يَحْمِلُهَا إِلاّ عَشَرَةٌ أَو عَشْرٌ. وقيلَ: قِدْرٌ أَعْشَارٌ: مُتَكَسِّرَة، فَلم)
يشْتَقّ من شيْءٍ، وَقَالَ اللَّحْيَانِيّ: قِدْرٌ أَعْشَار، من الوَاحد الَّذِي فُرِّق ثمَّ جُمِع، كأَنّهُم جَعَلُوا كُلَّ جُزْءٍ مِنْهُ عُشْراً. والعِشْر، بالكَسْر: قِطْعَةٌ تَنْكَسِر مِنْهَا، أَي من القِدْر ومِنَ القَدَح ومِنْ كُلِّ شيْءٍ كأَنَّها قطْعَةٌ من عَشْرِ قِطَع، والجَمْعُ أَعْشَارٌ، كالعُشَارَة، بالضَّمّ: وَهِي القِطْعَةُ من كلِّ شيْءٍ، والجَمْعُ عُشَارَاتٌ. وَقَالَ حاتمٌ يَذْكُر طَيِّئاً وتَفَرُّقَهُمْ: فصُارُوا عُشَارَاتٍ بكُلِّ مَكانِ. قَالَ الصاغانيّ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ لحاتِمٍ وَلم أَجِدْه فِي ديوَانِ شِعْره. والعِشْرَةُ، بهاءٍ: المُخَالطةَ، يُقَال: عاشَرَه مُعَاشَرَةً، وتَعَاشَرُوا واعْتَشَرُوا: تَخالَطُوا، قَالَ طَرَفَةُ:
(ولَئِنْ شَطَّتْ نَوَاها مَرَّةً ... لَعَلَى عَهْدِ حَبِيبٍ مُعْتَشِر)
جَعلَ الحَبيبَ جَمْعاً كالخَلِيطِ والفَرِيق. وعَشِيرَةُ الرَّجُل: بَنُو أَبيه الأَدْنَوْن أَو قَبِيلَتُه، كالعَشِيرِ، بِلَا هاءٍ ج عَشائِرُ، قَالَ أَبو عليّ: قَالَ أَبو الحَسَنِ: وَلم يُجْمَع جَمْعَ السّلامة. قَالَ ابنُ شُمَيْل: العَشِيرَةُ: العامَّة، مثلُ بنِي تَمِيمٍ، وبَني عَمْرِو بنِ تَمِيم. وَفِي المِــصْباح أَنَّ العَشِيرَة الجَمَاعَةُ مِن النَّاس، واخْتُلِفَ فِي مَأْخَذِه، فَقيل: من العِشْرَة، أَي المُعَاشَرَة، لأَنها من شَأْنِهم، أَو من العَشَرَة: الَّذِي هُوَ العددُ لِكَمالِهم، لأَنّها عَدَدٌ كامِلٌ، أَو لأَنّ عَقْدَ نَسبِهم كعَقْدِ العَشَرَة، قَالَه شَيخُنا.
والمَعْشَرُ، كمَسْكَن: الجَمَاعَةُ، وقَيَّدَه بعضُهُم بأَنّه الجَمَاعَةُ العَظِيمَةُ، سُمِّيَتْ لِبُلُوغها غايَةَ الكَثْرَةِ، لأَنّ العَشَرَةَ هُوَ العَدَدُ الكاملُ الكَثِيرُ الَّذِي لَا عددَ بَعْدَه إِلاّ وهُوَ مُرَكَّبٌ مِمّا فِيهِ من الْآحَاد كَأَحَدَ عَشَرَ، وَكَذَا عِشْرُونَ وثَلاثُونَ: أَي عَشَرَتان وثَلاَثَةٌ، فكأَنَّ المَعْشَرَ مَحَلّ العَشَرَة الَّذِي هُوَ الكَثْرَةُ الكاملَة، فَتَأَمّل قَالَه شيخُنَا. وقِيل: المَعْشَرُ: أَهْلُ الرَّجُلِ. وَقَالَ الأَزْهَريّ: المَعْشَرُ والنَّفَرُ والقَوْمُ والرَّهْطُ: مَعْنَاهُ الجَمْعُ، لَا واحِدَ لَهُم من لَفْظِهم، للرّجالِ دُونَ النساءِ، والعَشِيرَة أَيضاً للرّجالِ، والعالَمُ أَيضاً للرِّجَالِ دُونَ النِّسَاءِ. وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: المَعْشَرُ: كل ّ جَماعَةٍ أَمْرُهُم واحِدٌ، نَحْو مَعْشَر المُسْلِمينَ، ومَعْشَر المُشْرِكينَ. والجَمْعُ المَعَاشِرُ، وَقيل: المَعْشَرُ: الجِنُّ والإِنْسُ، وَفِي التَّنْزِيل يَا مَعْشَرَ الجِنِّ والإِنْسِ، قَالَ شيخُنَا: ولَكِنَّ الإِضافَةَ تَقْتَضِي المُغَايَرَة، وَفِيه أَنَّ التَّقْدِير يَا مَعْشَراً هُمُ الجنّ والإِنْسُ، فتَأَمَّلْ. ويَبْقَى النَّظَرُ فِي: يَا مَعْشَرَ الجِنّ دُونَ إِنْس، فتَدبَّر. قلتُ: وَهُوَ من تَحْقِيقات القَرافِيّ فِي الحاشِيَة. وَفِي حَديث مَرْحَب أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بنَ مَسْلَمَةَ بارَزَه، فدخلَتْ بَينهمَا شَجَرَةٌ من شَجَر العُشَر، كصُرَد، شَجَرٌ فِيهِ حُرّاقٌ، مثل القُطْنِ لم يَقْتَدِح الناسُ فِي أَجْوَدَ مِنْهُ، ويُحْشَى فِي المَخادّ لنُعُومَته. وَقَالَ أَبو حَنيفَة: العُشَر: من العِضَاه، وَهُوَ من كِبَارِ الشَّجَرِ، وَله صَمْغٌ حُلْوٌ، وَهُوَ عَرِيضُ الوَرَق، يَنْبُت صُعُداً فِي السَّماءِ، ويَخْرُج من زَهْرِه وشُعَبه سُكَّرٌ، م،) أَي مَعْرُوفٌ يُقَال لَهُ: سُكَّرُ العُشَر، وَفِيه أَي فِي سُكَّرِهِ شَيءٌ من مَرَارَة ويَخْرُجُ لَهُ نُفّاخٌ كَأَنّها شَقَائقُ الجِمَال الَّتِي تَهْدِرُ فِيهَا، وَله نَوْرٌ مثل نَوْر الدِّفْلَى مُشْرَبٌ مُشْرِقٌ حَسَنُ المَنْظَر، وَله ثَمَرٌ. وَفِي حَدِيث ابْن عُمَير: قُرْصٌ بُرِّيٌّ بلَبَنٍ عُشَرِيٍّ: أَي لَبَنُ إِبلٍ تُرْعى العُشَرَ، وَهُوَ هَذَا الشَجَر. قَالَ ذُو الرُّمَّةِ يَصف الظَّليم:
(كأَنَّ رِجْلَيْهِ مِسْمَاكانِ من عُشَرٍ ... صَقْبانِ لم يَتَقَشَّرْ عَنْهُمَا النَّجَبُ)
الواحِدَة عُشَرَة، وَلَا يُكسَّر إِلاَّ أَنْ يُجْمَعَ بالتَّاءِ لقلّة فُعَلة فِي الأَسْمَاءِ. وَبَنُو العُشَراءِ: قَوْمٌ من فَزَارَةَ، وهُمْ من بَني مازِن بن فَزَارَةَ، واسمهُ عَمْرُو بنُ جَابر، وإِنَّمَا سُمِّىَ بالعُشَرَاءِ مَنْظورُ بنُ زَبّانَ بن سَيّار بن العُشَراءِ. وهَرِمُ بنُ قُطْبَةَ بن سَيّار الَّذِي تَحاكَم إِليه عامرُ بنُ الطُّفَيْل وعَلْقَمَةُ بن عُلاثَةَ. وَمِنْهُم حَلْحَلَةُ بنُ قَيْس بن الأَشْيَمِ بنِ سَيَّار، وغَيْرُهم. وأَبو العُشَرَاءِ: أُسَامَةُ بنُ مَالك، ويُقَال: عُطَارِدُ بنُ بِلِزٍ الدّارِميّ: تابِعِيّ مَشْهُور. قَالَ البُخَاريّ: فِي حَدِيثهِ وسَماعه من أَبيه واسْمه نَظَرٌ قَالَه الذَّهبيّ فِي الدِّيوان. وزَبّانُ بالمُوَحَّدَةِ ككَتّان، ابنُ سَيّارِ بنِ العُشَرَاءِ: شاعِرٌ، وَهُوَ أَبو مَنْظُور الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ ذشكْرُه. فَلَو قالَ: وَمِنْهُم زَبّانُ، كَانَ أَحْسنَ، كَمَا لَا يَخْفَى.
والعُشَرَاءُ: القُلَةُ، بِالضَّمِّ وتَخْفِيف اللَّام المفتوحَة. وعَشُورَاءُ بالمَدّ، وعِشَارٌ وتِعْشَارٌ، بكَسْرِهِما، أَسماءُ مَوَاضعَ، الأَخِيرُ بالدَّهْناء. وقيلَ: هُوَ ماءٌ. قَالَ النابِغَة: غَلَبُوا على خَبْتٍ إِلى تِعْشَارِ.
وَقَالَ الشاعرُ:
(لَنا إِبِلٌ لم تَعْرِف الذُّعْرَ بينَها ... بتِعْشارَ مَرْعَاها قَساً فَصَرَائِمُهْ)
وَقَالَ بدْرُ بن حَمْرَاءَ الضَّبِّىُّ:
(وَفَيْتُ وَفَاءً لم يَرَ الناسُ مثْلَه ... بتِعْشَارَ إِذ تَحْبُو إِلَىَّ الأَكَابرُ)
وذُو العُشَيْرَة: ع بالصَّمَّانِ مَعْرُوفٌ، فِيهِ عُشَرَةٌ نابِتَةٌ، قَالَ عَنْتَرَةُ فِي وَصْفِ الظَّلِيم:
(صَعْلٍ يَعُودُ بذِي العُشَيْرَةِ بَيْضَهُ ... كالعَبْد ذِي الفَرْوِ الطَوِيلِ الأَصْلمِ)
وَذُو العُشَيْرَة: ع بناحيَةِ يَنْبُعَ، من مَنازل الحاجّ، غَزْوَتُها م، أَي معروفَةٌ، وَيُقَال فِيهِ العُشَيرُ، بِغَيْر هاءٍ أَيضاً، وضُبطَ بالسّين المُهْمَلَة أَيضاً، وَقد تَقَدّم. والعُشَيْرَةُ مُصَغّراً: ة، باليَمَامَةِ.
وعاشِرَةُ: عَلَمٌ للضَّبُع، ج عاشِرَاتٌ قَالَه الصاغانيّ. والمُعَشَّر، كمُحَدِّث: من أُنْتِجَتْ إِبِلُه، وَمن صارَتْ إِبلُه عِشَاراً، أَوْرَدَهُمَا الصاغانيّ، وَاسْتشْهدَ للثانِي بقَوْلِ مَقّاسِ بن عَمْرو:
(حَلَفْتُ لَهُم بِاللَّه حَلْفَةَ صادِقٍ ... يَمِيناً ومَنْ لَا يَتَّقِ الله يَفْجُرِ)
)
(لَيَخْتَلِطَنَّ العَامَ رَاعٍ مُجَنِّبٌ ... إِذا مَا تَلاقَيْنَا براعٍ مُعَشِّرِ)
قَالَ: المُجنِّب: الَّذِي لَيْسَ فِي إِبِلِه لَبَنٌ. يَقُول: لَيْسَ لَنا لَبَنٌ، فَنحْن نُغِيرُ عَلَيْكُم فنَأْخُذُ إِبِلَكُم فيَخْتَلِط بَعْضُها ببَعْض. وَعَن ابْن شُمَيْل: الأَعْشَرُ: الأَحْمَقُ، قَالَ الأَزْهَريّ: لم يَرْوِه لي ثِقَةٌ أَعْتَمده.
والعُوَيْشِرَاءُ: القُلَةُ، وَلَا يَخْفَى لَو قَالَ فِيمَا تَقَدَّم: والعُشَراءُ: القُلَةُ، كالعُوَيْشِراءِ، كَانَ أَخْصَرَ.
وَقَالَ ابنُ السِّكِّيت: يُقَال: ذَهَبُوا عُشَارَيَاتٍ وعُسَارَيَاتٍ بالشِّينِ والسِّين، إِذا ذَهَبُوا أَيَادِيَ سَبَا مُتفرِّقِينَ فِي كُلّ وَجْهٍ. وواحِدُ العُشَارَيَات عُشَارَى، مثل حُبَارَى وحُبَارَيَات. والعَاشِرَةُ: حَلْقَة التَّعْشِير من عَوَاشِرِ المُصحَفِ، وَهِي لَفْظَةٌ مُوَلَّدَة، صَرّح بِهِ ابنُ مَنْظُور والصَّاغَانِيّ. والعُشْرُ، بالضّمّ: النُّوقُ الَّتِي تُنْزِلُ الدِّرَّةَ القَلِيلَةَ من غير أَنْ تَجْتَمِعَ قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
(حَلُوبٌ لعُشْرِ الشَّوْلِ فِي لَيْلَةِ الصَّبَا ... سَريعٌ إِلى الأَضْيافِ قَبْلَ التَّأَمُّلِ)
وأَعْشَارُ الجَزُورِ: الأَنْصِباءُ، وَهِي تَنْقَسِم على سَبْعَةِ أَجْزاءٍ، كَمَا هُوَ مُفَصَّلٌ فِي مَحَلِّه. وممّا يُسْتَدْرك عَلَيْهِ: غُلامٌ عُشَارشيٌّ، بالضمّ: ابنُ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ، والأُنْثَى بالهَاءِ. والعُشُرُ، بضَمّتين: لغةٌ فِي العُشْرِ. وَجمع العُشْرِ العُشُورُ والأَعْشَار. وقِيلَ: المِعْشَارُ: عُشْرُ العُشْرِ. وَقيل: إِنّ المِعْشارَ جَمْعُ العَشِيرِ، والعَشِيرُ جَمْعُ العُشْر، وعَلَى هَذَا فيكونُ المِعْشَارُ وَاحِدًا من الأَلْف، لأَنّه عُشْرُ عُشْرِ العُشْرِ قَالَه شيخُنَا. والعاشِرُ: قَابِضُ العُشْرِ. وأَعْشَرَ الرَّجُلُ: وَرَدَتْ إِبِلُه العِشْر.
وأَعْشَرُوا: صارُوا عَشَرةً. وأَعْشَرْتُ العَدَدَ: جَعَلْتُه عَشَرَةً. وأَعْشَرُوا: صارُوا فِي عَشْر ذِي الحِجَّة، كَذَا فِي التَّهْذِيب لابنِ القَطّاع. وَفِي اللّسَان: ويُقَال: أَعْشَرْنا مُنْذُ لم نَلْتَقِ، أَي أَتَى عَلَيْنَا عَشْرُ لَيالٍ. زادَ فِي الأَساسِ: كَمَا يُقَال: أَشْهَرْنا. وحَكَى اللِّحْيَانِيّ: اللهُمَّ عَشِّرْ خُطَايَ: أَي اكتُبْ لِكُلِّ خَطْوَةٍ عَشْرَ حَسَنَاتٍ. ومثلُه فِي الأَساس. وامْرَأَةٌ مُعْشرٌ: مُتِمٌّ، على الاستعارَة. والعَشَائِرُ: الظِّبَاءُ الحَدِيثاتُ العَهْد بالنَّتَاج. قَالَ لَبِيدٌ يَذْكُر مَرْتَعاً:
(هَمَلٌ عَشَائِرُه عَلَى أَولاَدِها ... من راشِحٍ مُتَقَوِّبٍ وفَطِيمِ)
قَالَ الأزهريّ: كأَنّ العَشَائِرَ هُنَا فِي هَذَا المَعْنَى جَمْعُ عِشَارٍ، وعَشَائِرُ هُوَ جَمْعُ الجَمْعِ، كَمَا يُقَال: جِمَالٌ وجَمَائِلُ، وحِبَالٌ وحَبَائِلُ. وعَشَّرَ الحُبُّ قَلْبَه، إِذَا أَضْنَاهُ. والعَوَاشِرُ: قَوَادِمُ رِيشِ الطائِرِ، وَكَذَلِكَ الأَعْشَارُ، قَالَ الأَعشى:
(وإِذَا مَا طَغَى بِها الجَرْيُ فالعِقْ ... بانُ تَهْوِي كَوَاسشرَ الأَعْشَارِ)
وَيُقَال لِثَلاَث من لَيَالِي الشَّهْر: عُشَرُ، وَهِي بعد التُّسَعِ. وَكَانَ أَبو عُبَيْدَةَ يُبْطِل التُّسَعَ والعُشَرَ إِلاّ) أَشياءَ مِنْهُ مَعْرُوفَة، حكَى ذَلِك عَنهُ أَبو عُبَيْد كَذَا فِي اللّسَان. وعَشَّرْتُ القَومَ تَعْشِيراً، إِذا كانُوا تِسْعَةً وزِدْتَ واحِداً حَتَّى تَمَّت العَشَرَةُ. والطّائِفِيّون يَقُولُونَ: مِن أَلْوَانَ البَقَرِ الأَهْلِيّ أَحْمَرُ وأَصْفَرُ وأَغْبَرُ وأَسْوَدُ وأَصْدَأُ وأَبْرَقُ وأَمْشَرُ وأَبْيَضُ وأَعْرَمُ وأَحْقَبُ وأَكْلَفُ وعُشَرُ وعِرْسِىٌّ وذُو الشّرَرِ، والأَعْصَمُ، والأَوْشَحُ، فالأَصْدَأُ: الأَسْوَدُ العَيْنِ والعُنُقِ والظّهْرِ، وسائرُ جَسَده أَحْمَرُ: والعُشَرُ: المُرقَّعُ بالبَيَاض والحُمْرَة. والعِرْسِىُّ: الأَخْضَرَ. وأَما ذُو الشّرَرِ، فالّذِي على لَوءنٍ واحِدٍ، فِي صَدْرِه وعُنُقه لُمَعٌ على غَيْر لَوْنه. وسَعْدُ العَشِيرَةِ أَبو قَبِيلَةٍ من اليمَن وَهُوَ سَعْدُ بن مَذْحِج. قلتُ: وَقَالَ ابنُ الكَلْبِيّ فِي أَنْسَاب العَرَب: إِنَّمَا سُمِّىَ سَعْدَ العَشِيرَةِ لأَنّه لم يَمُتْ حتَّى رَكِبَ مَعَهُ من وَلَدِ وَلَدِ وَلَدِه ثَلاثُمائة رَجُلٍ. وعَشَائِرُ وعِشْرُونَ، وعَشِيرَةُ، وعَشُورَى، مَواضِعُ.
وعَشَرُ: حِصْنٌ بالأَنْدَلُس. وعُشَرُ كزُفَرَ: وَادٍ بالحِجَاز، وَقيل: شِعْبٌ لهُذيل قُرْبَ مَكَّة عِنْد نَخْلَةَ اليَمَانِيَةِ. وَذُو عُشَرَ: وَادٍ بَين البَصْرَة ومَكَّة، من دِيَارِ تَميم، ثُمّ لبَني مازِنِ بن مَالِك بن عَمْرو، وأَيضاً وادٍ فِي نَجْد. وأَبو طالِبٍ العُشَارِيُّ، بالضَّمّ، مُحَدِّثٌ مَشْهُور. وأَبو مَعْشَرٍ البَلْخِيّ فَلَكِيٌّ مَعْرُوف ونِظَامُ الدِّين عاشُورُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ عَلِيّ المُوسَوِيّ بَطْنٌ كَبِيرٌ بأَذْرَبيجانَ. وأَبو السُّعُود بن أَبي العَشائر الباذبينيّ الواسِطِيّ أَحدُ مَشايخ مِصْرَ، أَخذ عَن دَاوُودَ بنِ مُرْهَف القُرَشيّ التَّفِهْنِيّ المَعْرُوف بالأَعْزَب. وأَبو مُحَمّد عاشرُ بنُ مُحَمّد بن عاشِرٍ، حَدَّث عَن أَبِي عَلِيّ الصّدَفِيّ، وعنهُ الإِمامُ الشّاطِبِيّ المُقرِي. والفَقِيهُ النَّظَّارُ أَبُو مُحَمّدٍ عبدُ الوَاحِدِ بنُ أَحْمَدَ بنِ عاشِرٍ الأَنْدَلُسِيّ، حَدّث عَن أَبي عَبْدِ الله مُحَمّدِ بنِ أَحْمَدَ التُّجِيبيّ، وأَبي العَبّاسِ أَحْمَدَ ابنِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ القاضِي، وأَبِي جُمْعَةَ سَعِيدِ بنِ مَسْعُودٍ الماغُوشِيّ، وَعَن القَصَّار وابْنِ أَبي النّعيم وأَبِي النَّجاءِ السَّنْهُورِيّ، وعبدِ الله الدَّنوشَرِيّ ومُحَمّد بن يَحْيَى الغَزِّيّ وغَيْرِهم، حَدّث عَنهُ شيخُ مَشايخِ شُيوخِنَا إِمام المَغْرِب أَبو البَرَكات عَبْدُ القادِر بن عَلِيّ الفاسِيّ، رَضِيَ الله عَنْهُم.