صغر

1 صَغُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K;) and صَغِرَ, aor. ـَ (K;) inf. n. صِغَرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of the former, (S, Msb, TA,) and صَغَارَةٌ, (K,) also of the former, (TA,) and صَغَرٌ and صُغْرَانٌ, (IAar, K,) which are both of the latter; (TA; [but Ibr D thinks that there is no reason for this assertion with respect to صغران;]) [He or] it (S, Msb) was, or became, small, or little; صِغَرٌ being the contr. of كِبَرٌ, (S,) or of عِظَمٌ, as also صَغَارَةٌ [&c.]: (M, K:) or صِغَرٌ is in body, or corporeal substance, (فِى الجِرْمِ,) [and in years, or age; and صَغُرَ, with this inf. n., said of a human being, signifies he was a child, or in the state of childhood, not having attained to puberty;] and صَغَارَةٌ is in estimation or rank or dignity (فِى القَدْرِ). (M, K.) b2: Also صَغُرَ, inf. n. صِغَرٌ and صَغَارٌ and صَغَارَةٌ and صُغْرَانٌ and صُغْرٌ (K) and صَغَرٌ, (TA,) He was content with vileness, baseness, abasement, or ignominy, (K,) and tyranny, or injury: (TA:) or صَغَرٌ is inf. n. of صَغِرَ, aor. ـَ signifying he was, or became, vile, base, or ignominious; (S, * Msb;) and so صُغْرٌ and صَغَارٌ: (Mgh:) or صَغَارٌ signifies the being small, or little, in estimation or rank or dignity: (TA:) and you say, صَغُرَ فِى عُيُونِ النَّاسِ, with damm, meaning, [he became small, or little, in the eyes of men; i. e.,] he lost his reverence, or reverend dignity. (Msb.) [See also 6.] One says also, هُوَ يَصْغُرُ عَنْ كَذَا He, or it, is smaller than, or too small for, such a thing; syn. يَقِلُّ. (TA in art. قل.) And صَغُرَتْ عَنِ الوَلَدِ [She was too young to bear offspring]. (S in art. جل, &c.) b3: مَا صَغَرَنِى إِلَّا بِسَنَةٍ, aor. ـُ means مَا صَغُرَ عَنِّى

[i. e. He was not younger than I, save by a year]. (IAar, K.) b4: And صَغُرَتِ الشَّمْسُ The sun inclined to setting. (Th, K.) 2 صغّرهُ, (inf. n. تَصْغِيرٌ, TA,) He made him, or it, small, or little; as also ↓ اصفرهُ. (S, K.) You say, القِرْبَةَ ↓ اصغر He sewed the water-skin [so as to make it] small. (S, K.) b2: صغّرهُ فِى عُيُونِ النَّاسِ He, or it, rendered him [small, or little, i. e.,] contemptible, vile, base, or ignominious, [in the eyes of men:] (A:) and [in like manner] he, or it, rendered him vile, base, or ignominious, (TA,) or content with vileness, baseness, abasement, or ignominy. (K.) b3: صَغَّرْتُ شَأْنَهُ (TA in art. غمز) and مِنْ شَأْنِهِ (S and TA in the same art.) [I lessened his rank, or dignity]. b4: صغّر الاِسْمَ, inf. n. تَصْغِيرٌ, He changed the noun into the diminutive form. (Msb.) This is done for several purposes: to denote the smallness of the thing signified, in itself; as in the instance of دُوَبْرَةٌ [“ a small, or little, house ”]: to denote its smallness in the eye of the speaker, when it is not small in itself; as in the saying ذَهَبَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ إِلَّا دُرَيْهِمًا [“ the dirhems went, except a small dirhem ”]: to denote nearness; as in the instance of قُبَيْلَ الصُّبْحِ [“ a little before daybreak ”]: to denote affection and benevolence; as in the expression يَا بُنَىَّ [“ O my little (meaning dear) son ”]: to denote the greatness of the thing signified; as in the phrase سُنَيَّةٌ حَمْرَآءُ [“ a very severe year ”]: to denote praise; as when a man is described as كُنَيْفٌ مُلِئَ عِلْمًا [“ a little pastor's-bag filled with knowledge ”]: to denote blame; as in the expression يَا فُوَيْسِقُ [“ O thou little transgressor ”]. (L, TA.) [The inf. n., تَصْغِيرٌ, is also applied to A diminutive noun itself; as also اِسْمٌ مُصَغَّرٌ.] b5: See also 10.4 أَصْغَرَ see 2, in two places.

A2: اصغرت الأَرْضُ The land produced small plants or herbage, (K,) not tall. (TA.) b2: اِرْتَبَعُوا لِيُصْغِرُوا [They remained in the spring-pasture] in order that they might rear the younger ones: (O, K: expl. in the former by لِيُوَلِّد الأَصَاغِرَ [correctly لِيُوَلِّدُوا]: in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, by لِيُولِدُوا الأَصَاغِرَ [which is a manifest mistake].) b3: أَصْغَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ وَأَكْبَرَتْ (tropical:) The she-camel uttered her yearning cry to, or for, her young one, in a low tone, and loudly. (A.) 6 تصاغر He became small; he shrank, or became contracted; (O * and TA in art. ضأل;) by reason of abasement, (TA ibid.,) or from fear. (Ham p. 658.) b2: He became vile, base, ignominious, abject, or contemptible; (K, * TA;) came to nought. (TA.) And تصاغرت إِلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ He (lit. his soul or his own self) became of little importance, by being vile, base, or ignominious, to himself, or in his own estimation; (A, Msb;) he became vile, base, ignominious, abject, or contemptible, to himself, or in his own estimation. (S, * K, * TA.) b3: And [He affected, or feigned, abjectness; contr. of تَكَابَرَ: or] he exhibited abjectness. (KL.) 10 استصغرهُ He counted, accounted, reckoned, or esteemed, him, or it, small, or little: or vile, base, or ignominious: syn. عَدَّهُ صَغِيرًا: (S, K:) or young: as also ↓ صَغَّرَهُ. (TA.) صُغْرٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ صَغَارٌ, with fet-h, (S, [and so in the Kur vi. 124,]) or ↓ صُغَارٌ, with damm, (Msb, [but perhaps there is an omission in my copy of the Msb after this word,]) and ↓ صَغَرٌ, (S,) Vileness, baseness, abasement, or ignominiousness: (S, Msb:) so the second word signifies in the Kur vi. 124: (TA:) and tyranny, or oppression, or injury. (S.) One says, قُمْ عَلَى

صُغْرِكَ, and ↓ صَغَرِكَ, [Rise thou, notwithstanding thy vileness, or ignominiousness]. (S.) [See also 1, of which it is an inf. n.]

صَغَرٌ: see صُغْرٌ, in two places. [And see 1, of which it is an inf. n.]

فُلَانٌ صِغْرَتُهُمْ Such a one is the least, or youngest, of them: (K, * TA:) and فُلَانٌ صِغْرَةُ أَبَوَيْهِ, and صِغْرَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ, Such a one is the least, or youngest, of the children of his parents: opposed to كِبْرَة. (TA.) And أَنَا مِنَ الصِّغْرَةِ I am of the little-ones, or of the young: (K:) said by an Arab child when he is forbidden to play. (TA.) صُغْرَانٌ: see صَغِيرٌ.

صَغَارٌ: see صُغْرٌ.

صُغَارٌ: see صَغِيرٌ: b2: and صُغْرٌ.

صَغِيرٌ Small, or little; (S, K;) [in body, or corporeal substance: and in estimation or rank or dignity; as is implied in the K: and in years, or age; a youngling; a young one of any female; and of a tree and the like: applied to a human being, a child; i. e., one who has not attained to puberty: opposed to كَبِيرٌ:] as also ↓ صُغَارٌ (S, K) and ↓ صُغْرَانٌ (K) and ↓ أَصْغَرُ: (Msb in art. كبر:) fem. with ة: (Msb:) pl. masc. صِغَارٌ and صُغَرَآءُ, (a form used in poetry, S,) and ↓ مَصْغُوَرآءُ, (S, K,) or the last is [correctly speaking] a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) and pl. fem. صِغَارٌ, but not صَغَائِرُ when used as an epithet: (Msb:) the dim. of صَغِيرٌ is ↓ صُغَيِّرٌ and ↓ صُغَيِّيرٌ, (Sb, K,) the latter anomalous. (TA.) You say, هُوَ صَغِيرٌ فِى القَدْرِ; and فِى العِلْمِ; [He is small, or little, in rank, or dignity; as also صَغِيرُ الشَّأْنِ; and in knowledge.] (A.) And جَآءَ النَّاسُ صَغِيرُهُمْ وَكَبِيرُهُمْ The people came: [the small in rank or dignity, of them, and the great therein, of them: or] those of no rank or dignity, and those of rank or dignity. (Msb.) [See also صَاغِرٌ.]

صَغِيرَةٌ, [a subst. from صَغِيرٌ, made such by the affix ة,] applied to a sin, [signifying A small or little, sin,] has for its pl. صَغِيرَاتٌ and [more commonly] صَغَائِرُ; being, when thus applied, a subst. (Msb.) [See مُحَقَّرَاتٌ.]

صُغَيِّرٌ and صُغَيِّيرٌ dims. of صَغِيرٌ, q. v.

صَاغِرٌ In a state of vileness, abasement, ignominiousness, abjectness or contempt: (Msb:) or content with vileness, abasement, or ignominy, (K,) and tyranny, or injury. (S, A, TA.) [See also صَغِيرٌ.]

أَصْغَرُ [Smaller, or less; and smallest, or least; in body, or corporeal substance; and in estimation or rank or dignity; and in years, or age]: (S, Msb, K:) fem. صُغْرَى: (S, Msb:) pl. masc. أَصَاغِرُ (Sb, S, K) and أَصَاغِرَةٌ, (M, K,) though the sing. is not of the nouns which regularly add ة to the pl., and it is added in this case because the sing. resembles in form قَشْعَمٌ, of which قَشَاعِمَةٌ is a pl., (ISd,) and أَصْغَرُونَ: (Sb, S:) and pl. fem. صُغَرٌ (Sb, S, Msb) and صُغْرَيَاتٌ: (Msb:) but Sb says, you do not say نِسْوَةٌ صُغَرٌ, nor قَوْمٌ أَصَاغِرُ, except with the article ال: and he adds, we have heard the Arabs says, الأَصَاغِرُ [perhaps miswritten for الأَصَاغِرَةُ]; and if you please, you may say الأَصْغَرُونَ. (S.) b2: الأَصْغَرَانِ [lit. The two less, or least, things,] means (assumed tropical:) the heart and the tongue. (K.) It is said in a prov., المَرْءُ بِأَصْغَرَيْهِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) The man obtains power over things, and manages them thoroughly, by means of his heart and his tongue. (ISk, TA. [See Har p. 446.]) b3: See also صَغِيرٌ.

أَرْضٌ مُصْغِرَةٌ Land having small plants or herbage, not grown tall. (ISk, S, K. *) مُصَغَّرَةٌ: see مَصْفُورٌ, in art. صفر.

مَصْغُورَةٌ: see مَصْفُورٌ, in art. صفر.

مَصْغُورَآءُ: see صَغِيرٌ.

سنر

1 سَنِرَ, aor. ـَ (TK,) inf. n. سَنَرٌ, (M, K,) He (a man, TK) was, or became, illnatured, or very perverse or cross: (K, TK:) or narrow in disposition. (M.) Hence is derived سِنَّوْرٌ, in the first of the senses expl. below. (M.) [Or perhaps the reverse may be the case.]

سُنَارٌ, or سُنَّارٌ: see the last paragraph.

سَنَوَّرٌ A coat made of thongs, (S, M, K,) worn in war, (M,) like a coat of mail: (S, K:) [and] any weapon of iron: (A:) and weapons, or arms, collectively: (M, K:) or, accord. to some, coats of mail: (M:) so As means in explaining السَّنَوَّرُ as signifying what consists of rings: (TA:) or, as some say, a coat of mail: (Ham p. 352:) or all iron. (AO.) سِنَّوْرٌ The cat; of the masc. gender; syn. هِرٌّ; (M, A, Msb;) as also ↓ سُنَّارٌ, (K,) or ↓ سُنَارٌ: (as in a copy of the M:) fem. with ة: (Msb:) pl. سَنَانِيرُ: (S, Msb, K:) but سنّور is rare in the language of the Arabs: هِرٌّ and ضَيْوَنٌ are more common. (IAmb, Msb.) And اِبْنُ السِّنَّوْرِ The دَرِص [or دَرْص, i. e. kitten, or the like]. (T in art. بني.) b2: A lord, master, or chief; (M, K;) in some copies of the K, سِيد is erroneously put for سَيِّد; (TA;) a chief of a tribe: (Sgh:) pl. as above. (Sgh, K.) b3: A vertebra (M, K) of the upper part (TA) of the neck (M, K) of a camel: (M, TA:) pl. as above. (TA.) b4: The root of the tail: (Er-Riyáshee, K:) pl. as above. (K.)

غرو

1 غَرَا الجِلْدَ, (K,) first Pers\. غَرَوْتُ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. غَرْوٌ, (TA,) He glued the skin; i. e., made it to adhere with غِرَآء. (S, Msb, K.) And غَرَيْتُ السَّهْمَ signifies the same as غَرَوْتُهُ [i. e. I glued the feathers upon the arrow: see the two pass. part. ns.]. (TA.) [And accord. to present usage, ↓ غَرَّاهُ, inf. n. تَغْرِيَةٌ, signifies He glued it.] b2: غَرَا السِّمَنُ قَلْبَهُ, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) Fatness adhered to his heart, and covered it: (K, TA:) mentioned by ISd. (TA.) A2: غَرِىَ بِهِ It adhered to it [as glue or the like]. (Ksh and Bd in v. 17. [And used in this sense in the S and K as an explanation of لَزِجَ بِهِ.]) b2: And [hence], aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. غَرًا (Abu-l-Khattáb, Msb, K, TA) and غِرَآءٌ, (K, TA,) like كِسَآءٌ, but in the M like سَحَاب [i. e. غَرَآءٌ], which J [in the S] pronounces to be a subst., (TA,) He became attached to it, or fond of it; was eagerly desirous of it; he adhered, clung, or clave, to it; or loved it; syn. أُولِعَ بِهِ; (Msb, K, TA;) and لَزِمَهُ; (TA;) without his being incited thereto by another; (Msb, TA;) and بِهِ ↓ أُغْرِىَ signifies the same, (Msb, * K, TA,) as also بِهِ ↓ غُرِّىَ, (K, TA,) each with damm, (K,) and the latter with teshdeed, as is stated in the M. (TA.) b3: See also 3. b4: And غَرِىَ فُلَانٌ Such a one persisted, or persevered, in his anger. (S, TA.) b5: غَرِىَ said of what is termed عِدٌّ, [i. e. of the water thus termed,] (M, and so in some copies of the K,) or of a غَدِير, [or pool of water left by a torrent,] (so in other copies of the K [but the former is said in the TA to be the right],) It became cold, or cool, (M, TA,) or its water became cold, or cool. (K.) A3: غَرَوْتُ, (inf. n. غَرْوٌ, S, * Msb,) also signifies I wondered. (S, Msb, TA.) [See غَرْوٌ, below.]2 غرّاهُ: see 1, third sentence. b2: [The inf. n.]

تَغْرِيَةٌ is syn. with تَطْلِيَةٌ [The daubing, smearing, or rubbing over; perhaps particularly, or originally, with غِرَآء i. e. glue]. (K.) b3: غرّاهُ بِهِ: see 4. And غُرِّىَ بِهِ: see 1, latter half.3 غارى بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ, (S, K,) inf. n. غِرَآءٌ, (S,) He made no interruption between the two things: (S, K:) mentioned by A'Obeyd, from Khálid Ibn-Kulthoom: and hence the saying of Kutheiyir, إِذَا قُلْتَ أَسْلُو فَاضَتِ العَيْنُ بِالبُكَا غِرَاءً وَمَدَّتْهَا مَدَامِعُ حُفَّلُ [When thou sayest, “I will be forgetful,” or “ unmindful,” the eye overflows with weeping, uninterruptedly, and copious flowings of tears pour into it and replenish it]: AO says that the verb is from غَرِيتُ بِالشَّيْءِ. (S, TA.) b2: and غارى فُلَانًا, (K, TA,) inf. n. مُغَارَاةٌ and غِرَآءٌ, (TA,) He wrangled, quarrelled, or contended, with such a one: (K, TA:) mentioned on the authority of AHeyth, who disallowed بِهِ ↓ غَرِىَ, inf. n. غرآء. (TA. [Whether AHeyth disallowed the latter in this sense or in one of the senses mentioned in the first paragraph is not stated.]) 4 اغراهُ بِهِ He made him to become attached to it, or fond of it; to be eagerly desirous of it; to adhere, cling, or cleave, to it; or to love it; (Msb, K;) syn. وَلَّعَهُ: (K:) one should not say بِهِ ↓ غرّاهُ. (TA. [But one says غُرِّىَ بِهِ: see 1.]) And أُغْرِىَ بِهِ: see 1. b2: He incited, urged, or instigated, him to do it. (MA, and Har p. 355.) You say, أَغْرَيْتُ الكَلْبَ بِالصَّيْدِ (S) I incited, urged, or instigated, the dog, to, or against, the object, or objects, of the chase. (Kull.) b3: And اغراهُ بِهِمْ He set him upon them, or over them; or made him to have mastery, dominion, or authority, over them. (Jel in xxxiii. 60.) b4: اغرى بَيْنَهُمُ العَدَاوَةَ (tropical:) He occasioned enmity between them: (Jel in v. 17:) he cast enmity between them, as though he made it to cleave to them: (K, TA:) a tropical phrase. (TA.) And أَغْرَيْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ [in which an objective complement is understood] (S, Msb) i. q. أَفْسَدْتُ [meaning (assumed tropical:) I excited disorder, disturbance, dis-agreement, discord, dissension, strife, or quarrel-ling, or I made, or did, mischief, between them, or among them]. (Msb.) A2: اغرى الشَّىْءَ, said of God, He made, or rendered, the thing goodly, or beautiful. (IKtt, TA.) 6 هُمَا يَتَغَارَيَانِ فِى الغَضَبِ [app. They two wrangle, quarrel, or contend, in anger]. (JK. [See 3.]) لَاغَرْوَ signifies لَا عَجَبَ [meaning There is no case of wonder], (Msb, K, and Ham p. 603,) the enunciative of لَا being suppressed, as though the saying were لَاغَرْوَ فِى الدُّنْيَا [there is no case of wonder in the present world] or مَوْجُودٌ [existing]; (Ham;) as also ↓ لَا غَرْوَى: (K:) or لَيْسَ بِعَجَبٍ

[meaning it is not a case of wonder]. (S.) One says, لَا غَرْوَ مِنْ كَذَا i. e. لَا عَجَبَ [meaning There is no case of wonder arising from such a thing, or, using غرو as an inf. n., (see 1, last signification,) there is no wondering at such a thing]. (Har p. 488.) And the saying وَلَا غَرْوَ أَنْ يَحْذُو الفَتَى حَذْوَ وَالِدِهْ means And it is not a case of wonder (لَيْسَ بِعَجَبٍ), i. e. there is no wondering (لَا عَجَبَ), that the [young] man should follow the example of his father, doing the like of his deed. (Har p. 86.) غَرًا: see غِرَآءٌ, in two places. b2: Also The غِرْس [q. v.] that descends [from the womb] with the child. (TA.) b3: And The young one of the cow: (K, TA:) or, as some say, peculiarly, of [the species of bovine antelope called] the wild cow: dual غَرَوَانِ: and pl. أَغْرَآءٌ. (TA.) It is also applied to The young camel when just born: and, some say, it signifies a youngling that is very sappy or soft or tender: (TA:) and anything brought forth (K, TA) until its flesh becomes firm, or hard. (TA.) b4: And (K, TA) [hence], by way of comparison, (TA,) as also ↓ غَرَاةٌ, (assumed tropical:) Lean, meagre, or emaciated, (K, TA,) in a great degree: (TA:) pl. أَغْرَآءٌ. (K, TA.) Hence the trad., لَا حَتًّى يَكْبَرَ ↓ تَذْبَحُوهُ غَرَاةً (assumed tropical:) [Do not ye slaughter it while very lean, &c., until it become full-grown] (TA. [See 4 in art. فرع.]) A2: Also Goodliness, or beauty. (S, K. [See غَرِىٌّ.]) غَرَاةٌ [Excitement of disorder, disturbance, disagreement, &c.;] the subst. from أَغْرَيْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ [q. v.]. (S.) A2: See also غَرًا, in two places.

غَرْوَى: see the next paragraph: A2: and see also لَا غَرْوَ.

غَرَآءٌ [A state of attachment, or fondness, &c.;] the subst. from غَرِىَ بِهِ [q. v.] as meaning أُولِعَ بِهِ: (S, Msb, TA:) or, accord. to the M, this is an inf. n.; and the subst. accord. to the K is ↓ غَرْوَى. (TA.) غِرَآءٌ and ↓ غَرًا (S, Mgh, Msb, K) [Glue;] a substance with which a thing is made to adhere, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) obtained from fish, (S, Mgh,) or made from skins, and sometimes made from fish: (Msb:) or the substance with which one smears; (Fr, K, TA;) and thus the former word is expl. by Sh: (TA:) or a certain thing that is extracted from fish: (K:) [and mucilage, which by concretion becomes gum; the former word is used in this sense in the K voce صَمْغٌ. q. v.:] and it is said that the trees [app. that produce the mucilage termed غِرَآء, otherwise [know not what can be meant thereby,] are [called] غَرًى [or ↓ غَرًا]; but AHn says that certain persons pronounce the word thus, but it is not the approved way. (TA.) A2: رَجَلٌ غِرَآءٌ means A man who has not a beast [to carry him] (لَا دَابَّةَ لَهُ). (K.) غَرِىٌّ Made to adhere; syn. مُلْصَقٌ. (TA voce عَرِيرٌ.) b2: [And hence, (assumed tropical:) An adherent. (See عَرِيرٌ.) b3: Hence also, Daubed, smeared, or rubbed over; as will be shown in the course of this paragraph. (See also مَغْرُوٌّ.) b4: ] And The goodly, or beautiful, (S, K, TA,) in respect of face, (TA,) of mankind, (S, K, TA,) and the goodly, or beautiful, of others than mankind: and [particularly] a goodly building: (K, TA:) and hence. b5: الغَرِيَّانِ Two well-known buildings, in El-Koofeh, (K, TA,) at Eth-Thaweeyeh, where is the tomb of 'Alee, the Prince of the Faithful, asserted to have been built by one of the Kings of El-Heereh: (TA:) or two tall buildings, said to be the tombs of Málik and Akeel, the two cup-companions of Jedheemeh ElAbrash; thus called because En-Noamán Ibn-El-Mundhir used to smear them (كَانَ يُغَرِّيهِمَا) with the blood of him whom he slew when he went forth in the day of his evil fortune [or ill omen, the story of which is well known], (S, TA.) b6: الغَرِىُّ is also the name of A certain idol [or object of idolatrous worship, app. from what here follows, a mass of stone, like as اللَّاتُّ is said to have been by some, and like as were several other objects of worship of the pagan Arabs], with which [probably meaning with the blood on which] one used to smear himself, and upon which one used to sacrifice [victims]. (TA.) b7: And غَرِىٌّ signifies also A certain red dye. (TA.) غُرَاوَى i. q. رَغْوَةٌ [i. e. Froth]: (K, TA: [الغُراءىٰ in the CK is a mistranscription:]) app. formed by transposition; for رُغَاوَى has been mentioned [in art. رغو] as syn. with رَغْوَةٌ: (TA:) pl. with fet-h [i. e. غَرَاوَى]. (K, TA.) هُوَ مُغْرًى بِهِ, from أَغْرَاهُ بِهِ [q. v.], He is made to become attached to it, or fond of it; &c. (TA.) مَغْرُوٌّ [pass. part. n. of غَرَا, q. v.; Glued, &c. b2: Hence, for سَهْمٌ مَغْرُوٌّ, lit. A glued arrow, meaning an arrow having the feathers glued upon it, i. e.] a feathered arrow. (Meyd in explanation of what here follows.) It is said in a prov., أَدْرِكْنِى وَلَوْ بِأَحَدِ المُغْرُوَّيْنِ, meaning [Reach thou me, though] with one of the two [feathered] arrows: or, as Th says, with an arrow or with a spear: (S:) El-Mufaddal says, there were two brothers, of the people of Hejer, a people to whom the Arabs ascribe stupidity, and one of those two rode an intractable she-camel, and the one that did not ride had with him a how, and his name was Huneyn; so the one that was riding called to him, and said, يَا هُنَيْنُ وَيْلَكَ انْزِلْنِى وَلَوْ بِأَحَدِ المَغْرُوَّيْنِ, [in which انزلنى seems to be a mistranscription for ادركنى,] meaning, with his arrow; whereupon his brother shot at him and laid him prostrate; and his saying became a prov., applied on an occasion of necessity, or difficulty, and of the after failing of stratagem. (Meyd.) One says also قَوْسٌ مَغْرُوَّةٌ [A glued bow] (S, Msb, K) and ↓ مَغْرِيَّةٌ. (S, K.) قَوْسٌ مَغْرِيَّةٌ: see what next precedes.

جبه

1 جَبَهَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. جَبْهٌ, (Ham p. 355,) He slapped, (S,) or struck, (K,) or hit, (Msb,) or struck him on, (Ham ubi suprà,) his جَبْهَة [or forehead]. (S, Msb, K, and Ham ubi suprà.) b2: And [hence], (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He turned him back (K, TA) from the thing that he wanted: (TA:) or (tropical:) he met him, or encountered him, with, or he said to him, or did to him, a thing disliked, or hated: (K, TA, TK:) or (tropical:) he encountered him, or confronted him, with speech in which was roughness: (JK, M, TA:) or (tropical:) he encountered him with that which he disliked, or hated; or he accused him thereof to his face; (M, TA, and Ham ubi suprà;) or so جَبَهَهُ بِالمَكْرُوهِ. (S, TA.) b3: جَبَهَ المَآءَ, (JK, S, K,) inf. n. as above, (JK, S,) (tropical:) He came to the water, (JK, S, K,) when there was at it no apparatus for drawing, (S,) i. e. no pulley &c., (JK, TA,) or having no means of drawing, so that he only looked at the surface of the water. (Z, K.) [See also جَبِيهَةٌ.] b4: جَبَهَ القَوْمَ (tropical:) It (winter) came upon the people unprepared for it. (A, K.) 2 تَجْبِيهٌ The mounting a fornicator, or an adulterer, upon an ass, and turning his face towards the tail; whence the trad. of the Jews respecting the adulterer, يُحُمَّمُ وَيُجَبَّهُ ويُجْلَدُ [He shall have his face blackened with charcoal, and be mounted on an ass with his face towards the tail, and be flogged]: (Mgh:) or the mounting two fornicators, or adulterers, upon an ass, and turning the backs of their heads towards each other, (JK, Mgh,) and parading them round about; thus accord. to the Tekmileh: (Mgh:) or the blackening [with charcoal] the faces of two fornicators, or adulterers, (أَنْ يُحَمَّرَ in the K being a mistake for أَنْ يُحُمَّمَ, i. e. يُسَوَّدَ, TA,) and mounting them upon a camel or an ass, and turning their faces in contrary directions: accord. to analogy, it should mean turning their faces towards each other; for it is from الجَبْتَةُ: تَجْبِيهٌ also signifies the bending, inclining, lowering, or hanging down, the head towards the ground: and it may be hence; (i. e. it may be hence that it is applied to him who is mounted on a beast in the manner described above; TA;) because he to whom this is done bends down his head in shame and confusion: or it may be from جَبَهَهُ meaning "he did to him a thing disliked, or hated." (K.) 8 اِجْتِبَاهٌ The deeming [one] rude, coarse, unkind, hard, or churlish. (JK.) b2: And The fearing [a person or thing]. (JK.) b3: And اجتبههُ He disliked, or hated, and feared, it, or him; namely, a country, or town, and a man. (JK.) b4: He disapproved it, or disliked it, and did not find it wholesome; namely, water, (En-Nawádir, K,) &c. (K.) جَبَهٌ Largeness, (S,) or width (JK, M, K) and beauty, (M, K,) of the جَبْهَة [or forehead]: (JK, S, M, K:) or protuberance, or prominence, thereof. (M, K.) جَبْهَةٌ [The forehead;] the part of the face which is the place of prostration: (As, Msb, K:) or the even part that is between the eyebrows and the نَاصِيَة [or place where the hair grows in the fore part of the head]: (Kh, JK, Msb, K:) so of a man, (S, Msb,) and of others: (S:) [or,] of a horse, the part that is below the ears and above the eyes: (TA:) pl. جِبَاهٌ. (Msb, TA.) b2: [Hence,] الجَبْهَةُ (assumed tropical:) A certain Mansion of the Moon; [the Tenth Mansion;] (S, K, Kzw;) consisting of four stars; (S;) the four stars [ζ, γ, η, and α,] in the neck and heart of Leo; [regarded by the Arabs as the fore-part, or forehead, of Leo;] (Kzw in his descr. of Leo;) between each of which and the next to it is the space of a whip's length; the northernmost of them called by astrologers الأَسَدُ. (Kzw in his descr. of the Mansions of the Moon.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The moon (K, TA) itself: but [it rather seems to mean the upper part of the disc of the moon; for] it is said in the M that a certain unknown poet has metaphorically assigned a جبهة to the moon. (TA.) b4: Also جَبْهَةٌ, (tropical:) The chief of a people, or company of men; (JK, Mgh, K, TA;) like as one says the وَجْه thereof. (Mgh, TA.) b5: (tropical:) The generous and manly, or manly and noble, persons of a people, or company of men: or men exerting themselves in the case of a bloodwit or a debt or other obligation, (K, TA,) or in repairing the condition of a poor man, (TA,) and who come not to any one but he is ashamed to turn them back, (K, TA,) or who are seldom or never turned back by anyone: so, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, in a trad. in which it is said that there shall be no poor-rate in the case of the جبهة. (TA.) b6: (tropical:) A company, or collected number, of men, (JK, S, Msb,) and of horses: (JK, Msb:) or, of horses, the best: (TA:) and [simply] horses; (Lth, S, M, Mgh, K;) a word having no sing., or n. un.: (M, K:) accord. to Lth, (TA,) having this last meaning in the trad. above mentioned; (S, Mgh, TA;) because horses are the best of beasts. (Mgh.) A2: (tropical:) Abjectness, or ignominy; (JK, M, K, TA;) and a state of annoyance, or molestation: (Z, TA:) thought by ISd to be from جَبَهَهُ meaning “ he encountered him with that which he disliked or hated,” or “ he accused him thereof to his face; ” because the doing this causes one to experience abjectness, or ignominy. (TA.) It is said to have this meaning in a trad., in which it is said, فَإِنَّ اللّٰهَ قَدْ أَرَاحَكُمْ مِنَ الجَبْهَةِ والسَّجَّةِ والبَجَّةِ, i. e. For God hath relieved you from abjectness, or ignominy, &c., and milk diluted with water, and blood drawn from a vein [of a camel], which the Arabs used to eat: or in this trad., (TA,) الجَبْتَهَةُ is the name of a certain idol (ISd, K, TA) that was worshipped in the Time of Ignorance: (TA:) and السجّة and البجّة were two idols. (S and K in art. سج.) وَرَدْنَا مَآءً لَهُ جَبِيهَةٌ We came to a water that was salt, so that the drinking thereof did not take away the thirst of our cattle: (ISk, JK, S:) or that was altered for the worse in taste and colour, from some such cause as long standing, though still drinkable; or covered with the green substance called طُحْلُب and with leaves: or that was deep in the bottom, difficult to give to drink. (ISk, S.) [See also 1, last meaning but one.]

جُبَّهٌ i. q. جُبَّأٌ, (K,) i. e. A fearful, or cowardly, man. (TA.) جَابِهٌ, applied to a gazelle, (JK,) or to a bird or a wild animal, (K,) That meets one with its face or forehead; and such is of evil omen: (K:) contr. of قَعِيدٌ. (JK.) b2: Coming to water: so in a saying cited and explained in art. اذن, conj. 2. (IAar, TA.) أَجْبَهُ, applied to a man, Large, (S,) or wide (JK, M, K) and beautiful, (M, K,) in the جَبْهَة [or forehead]: (JK, S, M, K:) or protuberant, or prominent, therein: (M, K:) applied to a horse, having a protuberant, or prominent, forehead, rising beyond the bone of the nose: (TA:) fem. جَبْهَآءُ; (S, K;) of which the dim. is جُبَيْهَآءُ. (S.) b2: الأَجْبَهُ The lion; (K;) because of the width of his جَبْهَة. (TA.) جبو and جبى [The words belonging to the former of these two arts. cannot well be classed by themselves, being intimately connected with those of the latter, which are the more numerous and common, and from which they are generally easily distinguishable.]1 جَبَى, (K,) first Pers\. جَبَيْتُ, (Ks, S, Er-Rághib,) aor. ـِ (K;) and جَبَى, aor. ـَ (K,) said by MF to be unknown, and also, because neither the second nor the third radical is a faucial letter, unreasonable, but mentioned by Sb, though held by him to be of weak authority, and mentioned also by IAar, as extr., like أَبَى, aor. ـْ (TA;) and جَبَا, (TA,) first Pers\. جَبَوْتُ, (Ks, S, TA,) aor. ـُ (TA;) inf. n. [of the first and second] جَبْىٌ (Sh, K) and [probably of the last only] جَبًا and جِبًا and جُبًا and [of the last, but whether in the first or the second of the senses here following is not shown,] جِبْوَةٌ; (K; [or this last has a different application, explained below;]) He collected water in a trough or tank for beasts &c. [Ks, S, K, Er-Rághib.) b2: And (hence, metaphorically, Er-Rághib, TA) the first of these verbs, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, Er-Rághib,) and the second, (K,) and the third; (S, Msb, TA;) inf. n. (of the first, S, Msb) جِبَايَةٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, Er-Rághib) and (of the last, S, Msb) جِبَاوَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and جَبْوٌ (TA) [and probably جِبْوَةٌ also, which see above]; (tropical:) He collected the [tax called] خَرَاج, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, Er-Rághib,) and [other] property. (Msb, TA.) The last of these verbs is said in the S to be originally with ء, though pronounced without ء; but IB says that this is not the case, and that it has not been heard with ء. (TA.) You say also, جَبَاهُ القَوْمَ (assumed tropical:) [He collected it from the people, or company of men]; (M, K, * TA;) and جَبَى مِنْهُمْ (assumed tropical:) [He collected from them]. (M, K, TA.) b3: Also جَبَا [or جَبَى], (TA,) first Pers\.

جَبَيْتُ, (Zj, TA,) (assumed tropical:) He appropriated a thing purely to himself, exclusively of any partner; chose it, or took it in preference, for himself. (Zj, TA.) And hence, (Zj, TA,) ↓ اجتباهُ (assumed tropical:) He chose it, or selected it, (Zj, S, K) لِنَفْسِهِ for himself. (TA.) A2: And جَبَى and جَبَا, [originally جَبَأَ,] He returned, receded, retreated, or went back. (TA.) 2 جبّى, inf. n. تَجْبِيَةٌ, He placed his hands upon his knees, (K, TA,) in prayer; (TA;) or upon the ground: or he fell prostrate; or fell upon his face: (K:) or he lowered his body and his hands, and raised his buttocks: (Ham p. 801:) [or] تجبية signifies a man's standing [with the hands upon the knees] in the manner of the رَاكِع: (S, K: *) accord. to A'Obeyd, what is thus termed is of two kinds: one is the placing the hands upon the knees, while standing: the other, the prostrating oneself, or falling upon the face, lying down; which is سُجُودٌ: (S:) or the bending down, and placing the hands upon the knees; because it is a bringing-together of the limbs. (Mgh.) A2: جبّاهُ, inf. n. as above, meaning He gave to him, is vulgar. (TA.) 4 اجبى in the trad. مَنْ أَجْبَى فَقَدْ أَرْبَى is originally أَجْبَأَ [q. v.]: (S:) accord. to IAth, it is a corruption of the relater, or the ء is suppressed to assimilate the verb to اربى (TA.) The inf. n., إِجْبَآءٌ, is variously explained, as follows: (TA:) The selling seed-produce before it shows itself to be in a good state: (A'Obeyd, Th, S, K:) and a man's hiding his camels from the collector of the poor-rate: (IAar, A'Obeyd, K:) and i. q. عِينَةٌ; i. e. the selling to a man a commodity for a certain price to be paid at a certain period, then buying it of him with ready money for a less price than that for which it was sold. (TA.) 8 اِجْتِبَآءٌ (assumed tropical:) The drawing forth property from the places in which it is known, or presumed, or accustomed, to be. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The collecting in the way of choice, or selection. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b3: See also 1, last sentence but one. b4: Also (assumed tropical:) God's particular, or peculiar, distinguishing of men by abundant bounty, from which various blessings result to them without their labour; as happens to prophets and some others. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b5: Also اجتباهُ, (assumed tropical:) He forged it: and he extemporized it. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [vii. 202], قَالُوا لَوْلَا اجْتَبَيْتَهَا (assumed tropical:) They say, Wherefore hast thou not forged it, (Fr, TA,) or produced it, (Th, TA,) or invented it, (Jel,) or put it together by forgery, (Bd,) of thyself? (Fr, Th, Bd, Jel, TA:) or wherefore hast thou not sought it, or demanded it, of God? (Bd.) جَبًا, or جَبًى, (as in different copies of the K,) written with ا and with ى, (TA,) The camel-waterer's going in advance of the camels a day before their coming to the water, and collecting for them water in the drinking-trough, and then bringing them to it (IAar, K, TA) on the morrow. (IAar, TA.) [App. an inf. n., of which, in this sense, the verb is not mentioned.] So in the verse, بِالرَّيْثِ مَا أَرْوَيْتُهَا لَا بِالعَجَلْ وَبِالجَبَا أَرْوَيْتُهَا لَا بِالقَبَلْ [Slowly I satisfied their thirst; not hastily: and by going in advance of them a day, and collecting for them water in the trough, and bringing them to it on the morrow, I satisfied their thirst; not by pouring the water into the trough while they were drinking, without having prepared any for them beforehand]. (IAar, TA.) A2: Also the former, Water collected [in a trough]; and so ↓ جُبْوَةٌ, with damm. (TA. [See جِبًا.]) b2: A wateringtrough (K, TA) in which water is collected: (TA:) or the station of the drawer of water, upon the [upper part of the] casing. (K.) b3: The place where a well is dug: (K:) in this sense, and in the next, also written جَبًى (TA.) b4: The brink, or margin, of a well. (A boo-Leylà, K.) The earth that is around a well, that is seen from afar; (S;) originally جَبَأٌ: (TA:) what is around a well: (K:) and what is around a wateringtrough: (TA:) pl. أَجْبَآءٌ. (K.) A3: جَبَا meaning A gift without compensation is a vulgar word. (TA.) جِبًا Water collected (T, S, K) in a trough, (T, K,) being drawn from a well, (T, TA,) for camels; (S;) [like جَبًا;] as also ↓ جِبْوَةٌ, (K, TA, and so in a copy of the S, but omitted in the CK,) or ↓ جَبْوَةٌ, (so in two copies of the S,) and ↓ جُبْوَةٌ also, (so in a copy of the S, [see جَبًا,]) and ↓ جَبَاوَةٌ, (K, TA, and so in a copy of the S,) and ↓ جَبَاوَةٌ, (K, TA, and so in another copy of the S, but omitted in the CK,) and ↓ جِبَآءَةٌ: (TA as from the K, but not in the CK: [perhaps a mistranscription for ↓ جِبَايَةٌ:]) but accord. to IAmb, جِبًا is pl. of ↓ جِبْيَةٌ. (TA.) جَبْوَةٌ; see جِبًا.

جُبْوَةٌ: see جَبًا and جِبًا.

جِبْوَةٌ: see جِبًا.

A2: Also (assumed tropical:) A mode, or manner, of collecting the [tax called] خَرَاج; and so ↓ جِبْيَةٌ, which Lh calls an inf. n. (TA.) جِبْيَةٌ: see what next precedes: b2: and see جِبًا.

جِبَآءَةٌ: see جِبًا.

جَبَاوَةٌ and جِبَاوَةٌ: see جِبًا.

جِبَايَةٌ: see جِبًا. b2: (assumed tropical:) The tax called إِتَاوَة [or خَرَاج]. (TA in art. اتو.) [Originally an inf. n.]

جَبَايَا [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned] Wells which are dug, and in which the shoots of grape-vines are set. (AHn, K.) جَابٍ A collector of water for camels: belonging to arts. جبو and جبى. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The locust (K) that collects everything by eating it; as also جَابِىءٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) The Arabs say, إِذَا جَآءَتِ السَّنَةُ جَآءَ مَعَهَا الجَابِى وَالجَانِى, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [When the year of drought comes,] the locust and the wolf [come with it]. (IAar, TA.) جَابِيَةٌ A watering-trough, (S,) or large wateringtrough, (K,) in which water is collected (S) for camels: (TA:) or a watering-trough that collects water: (Er-Rághib, TA:) pl. جَوَابٍ. (S.) Hence, in the Kur [xxxiv. 12], وَجَفَانٍ كَالجَوَابِى [and bowls like watering-troughs, or great wateringtroughs]. (S.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A company of men. (K, * TA.) لُؤْلُؤَةٌ مُجَبَّاةٌ A hollowed pearl: (Ibn-Wahb, TA:) the latter word thought by El-Khattábee to be formed by transposition from مُجَوّبَةٌ. (TA.)

مدن: تمدن: في م. المحيط (تمدن الرجل تخلق بأخلاق أهل المدن وانتقل من حالة الخشونة والبربرية والجهل إلى حالة الظرف والأنس والمعرفة).
تمدن: انظر الكلمة عند (فوك) في مادة ( Civitas) ، التمدن: المدنية (مقدمة ابن خلدون 3: 255 المقري 3: 674).
مدني: السياسة المدنية: انظر بداية الكلمة.
مدني ومديني: هي عند (فوك) cristatus: كلمة لاتينية معناها عرف، عرف الديك، رأس الخوذة.
مدينة: عاصمة المنطقة أو الإقليم أو الجريرة أو المملكة وعلى سبيل المثال أن غرناطة كانت مدينة كورة البيرة وقرطبة مدينة الأندلس والقيروان مدينة أفريقية (ترجمة دي جاينجوس للمقري 1: 529). المدينة التي كانت النصارى تطلق عليها اسم بالرموكان المسلمون يطلقون عليها اسم المدينة (ابن جبير 12: 328).
المدينة: الحي القديم لمدينة قرطبة (عبد الواحد 4: 28) مثل حي (السيتي Cite) في باريس وحي (الستي City) في لندن.
مدينة: إقليم عند اليهود والآراميين (معجم الجغرافيا، ياقوت 1: 348) (مرادف كورة) (القزويني 2: 337).
مدينة: نوع من خبز، في الأندلس، من الطحين العالي الجودة والزعفران يرمز إلى مدينة من المدن ويهيأ ويقدم يوم النيروز (المقري 2: 363 والصحائف التي تلي ذلك).
مدينة: وجار، عرين، حجر الأرنب، (الكالا-: madriguera de conejo وكذلك حجر الثعلب، حجر الجزر (بوسييه).
مدينة: المدينة، فلسفيا، وهي موضع اجتماع الناس (في مجمع) (مقدمة ابن خلدون 2: 338)، ويرة الفلاسفة (وجدت من الأفضل أن أقدم للقارئ الكريم نص ما ورد في كتاب آراء أهل المدينة الفاضلة لأبي نصر الفارابي -قدم له وشرحه إبراهيم جزيني من منشورات دار القاموس الحديث -بيروت- بدلا من ترجمة ما ذكره المصنف وذلك بمقدار يزيد عنه قليلا أن لم يطابقه تماما) في قسم 26: الاجتماع والتعاون: وكل واحد من الناس مفطور على أنه يحتاج، في قوامه، وفي أن يبلغ أفضل كمالاته، إلى أشياء كثيرة لا يمكنه أن يقوم بها كلها هو وحده، بل يحتاج إلى قوم له كل واحد منهم بشيء مما يحتاج إليه. وكل واحد من كل واحد بهذه الحال. فلذلك لا يمكن أن يكون الإنسان ينال الكمال، الذي لأجله جعلت له الفطرة، إلا باجتماعات جماعة كثيرة، متعاونين، يقوم كل واحد لكل واحد ببعض ما يحتاج إليه في قوامه فيجتمع عما يقوم به جملة الجماعة لكل واحد جميع ما يحتاج إليه في قوامه وفي أن يبلغ الكمال. ولهذا كثرت أشخاص الإنسان، فحصلوا في المعمورة من الأرض، فحدثت منها الاجتماعات الإنسانية ..
-أنواع الاجتماعات: فمنها الكاملة، ومنها غير الكاملة والكاملة ثلاث: عظمى ووسطى وصغرى. فالعظمى اجتماعات الجماعة كلها في المعمورة، والوسطى اجتماع أمة في جزء من المعمورة، والصغرى اجتماع أهل مدينة في جزء من مسكن أمة.
وغير الكاملة: أهل القرية، واجتماع أهل المحلة، ثم اجتماع في سكة، ثم اجتماع في منزل وأصغرها المنزل والمحلة والقرية هما جميعا لأهل المدينة، إلا أن القرية للمدينة على إنها خادمة للمدينة والمحلة للمدينة على إنها جزؤها ... والمدينة التي يقصد بالاجتماع فيها التعاون على الأشياء التي تنال بها السعادة في الحقيقة، هي المدينة الفاضلة. والاجتماع الذي به يتعاون على نيل السعادة هي الأمة الفاضلة. وكذلك المعمورة الفاضلة إنما تكون إذا كانت الأمة التيس فيها يتعاون على بلوغ السعادة.
وفي قسم 29 - مضادات المدينة الفاضلة- والمدينة الفاضلة تضادها المدينة الجاهلة والمدينة الفاسقة والمدينة المتبدلة والمدينة الضالة (انظر التفصيلات في كتاب الفارابي- أهل المدينة الفاضلة).
أما (دي سلان الذي ترجم مقدمة ابن خلدون فقد ذكر أن المقدمة في ص141 من جزئها أو قسمها الثاني قد ورد فيها ما يأتي مما لم نعثر عليه لكي نثبت نصه الذي ذكره ابن خلدون): .. في الدولة الكاملة يرتبط، المواطنون، جميعا، ببعضهم بالحب وهم، كلهم، متساوون لذلك لا حاجة لهم بالسلطان، ويتغذون بطريقة صحية ملائمة لأجسامهم لذلك لا حاجة لهم بالطب. كل إنسان في هذه المدينة يمتلك أعلى درجات الكمال التي يستطيع أن يصلها الإنسان. في أنموذج هذه الجمهورية يمتلك الإنسان القدرة على التفكير بأعلى أنواع الفكر الصائب ولا يوجد أي فرد جاهل بالأعراف والقوانين. لن يكون هناك أي زلل ولا مزاح ولا تحايل.
المدن السماوية: أنظر في المعجم اللاتيني العربي cives etherei؟ المداني: نوع من أنواع الحمام (مخطوطة الاسكوريال 893).

مهن: مهن نفسه: خفض شأنه أو مقامه بممارسته أعمالا تشين الإنسان (في معجم المنصوري: مهانة: بذلها في دقائق الأمور وخساسها) ويفسر هذا المعجم المهانة بالابتذال.
مهن: أظهر الاحتقار (رياض النفوس 45): رفض أحد المعروفين بالتقوى لقاء السلطان الذي جاء يزوره وقال له (مهنتني وحجبتني وأنا أمامك).
ماهن: عمل (أنظر ديوان الهذليين 202:7).
تماهن: أنظر إلى المزمور السادس بعد المائة ترجمة سعديا (رقم 43).
امتهن نفسه = مهن نفسه: أذل كرامته حين قام بأعمال لا تشرف الإنسان (معجم المنصوري أنظر مهانة) في (عباد 1: 222 نجد أيضا). امتهن مهنة العامل أو امتهن وحدها: جعل العمل حرفة له (عباد 230)، امتهن: حرث الأرض (المقري 1: 88).
امتهن: احتقر، ازدرى (ابن جبير 112:6، رياض النفوس 42: (نريد أن نعاقب هذا الصبي لاستخفافه بحقك وامتهانه لقدرك وعلمك).
امتهن بالضرب: تحمل عار اللطمات التي أنزلوها به (حيان بسام 1: 23).
مهنة ومهنة: في (محيط المحيط) (المهنة مصدر واسم المرة. والمهنة أيضا والمهنة (وأنكرها الأصمعي وقال الكلام الفتح) والمهنة الحذق بالخدمة والعمل وجمعها مهن ومهن أي حرف وعلى سبيل المثال وهو في مهنة أهله أي في خدمتهم (محمد بن الحارث: 259): كان يحمل خبزه إلى الفرن بنفسه ويتصرف في مهنة أهله.
مهنة: عمل. شغل (همبرت).
خرج في ثياب مهنته: في (محيط المحيط) (وخرج في ثياب مهنته أي في ثياب خدمته التي يلبسها في أشغاله والعامة تستعمل المهنة بمعنى الحرفة). عبد مهنة: العبد الذي يمتهن الأعمال اليدوية المضنية، خاصة، وكذلك، أمة مهنة (رسالة إلى السيد فليشر ص219؛ وهي تعني العمل الشاق خاصة) (معجم الجغرافيا).
مهنة: حرفة (بوشر، همبرت 73، محيط المحيط، عباد 1، 230 ابن جبير 73، الخطيب 78): الأموال التي ورثها صانته عن التحرف بمهنة. وهذا هو أصل اصطلاح ذوي المهن العمال والصناع (عباد 1: 1) وأرباب المهن المقري 2: 412 وأهل المهن معجم الجغرافيا.
مهن: اللوازم التي يحتاجها الإنسان في استعمالاته اليومية (المقدمة 1: 221 والمقري 1: 380).
ماهن: جمعها في (معجم الطرائف) مهان ومهنة (الكامل 630: 10) (بسام 233): وتنادى بالنفر مهنتهم وصناعتهم وفي (معجم الطرائف) اسم جمع آخر هو مهان وبالرغم من أن ما كان على وزن فاعل يكون اسم جمعه أحيانا على وزن فعال إلا أنني أفضل أن تكون صيغة الجمع مهان. أن ما نقرأه في فقرة مهنة في مخطوطتنا لكتاب (الكامل) مرجعه خطأ في الاستنساخ وكان السيد (رايت) على حق حين كتبها مهنة. (لا أرى تناقضا بين فعال والجمع مهان مثل كتاب وعمال وجلاس -المترجم).
الماهنون: عند (الرازي) هم الذين امتهنوا أنفسهم، انظر مهانة.
ماهن: يفسر بقولنا امتهنه الموم: دلكه ومعكه ونهكه كما يمتهن الثوب (ديزان الهذليين 157: 4).
امتهان: إهمال، استخفاف أو سخرية بشيء أو بقيمة شيء و (باللاتينية): ludibrium, abiectio.
الامتهان والجمع امتهانات: أعمال الإنسان الشاقة المجهدة (المقدمة 2: 477).
ممتهن: من يطرح أو ينبذ أو يبدد المال أو الفرصة وغيرها. من بجانب الصواب ويجوز ويظلم والإنسان المؤذي. وباللاتينية iniuriosus.

اثر

1 أَثَرَ خُفَّ البَعِيرِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. أَثْرٌ, He made an incision in the foot of the camel [in order to know and trace the footprints]; as also ↓ أثّرهُ. (M.) And أَثَرَ البَعِيرِHe made a mark upon the bottom of the camel's foot with the iron instrument called مِئْثَرَةin order that the footprints upon the ground might be known: (T, TT:) or he scraped the inner [i. e. under] part of the camel's foot with that instrument in order that the footprints might be traced. (S.) A2: أَثَرَ الحَدِيثَ, (T, S, M, A, &c.,) عَنِ القَوْمِ, (M,) aor. اَثُرَ(S, M, Msb, K) and اَثِرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. أَثْرٌ(T, S, M, Msb, K) and أَثَارَهٌand أُثْرَهٌ, (M, K,) the last from Lh, but in my opinion, [says ISd,] it is correctly speaking a subst., and syn. with مَأْثُرَهٌand مَأْثَرَهٌ, (M,) He related, or recited, the tradition, narrative, or story, as received, or heard, from the people; transmitted the narrative, or story, by tradition, from the people: (T, S, * M, A, L, Msb, * K: *) or he related that wherein they had preceded [as narrators: so I render أَنْبَأَهُمْ بِمَا سَبَقُوا فِيهِ, believing همto have been inserted by a mistake of a copyist in the M, and hence in the L also:] from الأَثَرُ. (M, L.) [See أَثَرٌ.] You say also, أثَرَ عَنْهُ الكَذِبَ, meaning He related, as heard from him, what was false. (L, from a trad.) b2: أَثْرٌ, aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. أَثْرٌ, (M, K.) also signifies Multum inivit camelus camelam. (M, K.) A3: أَثِرَ لِلْأَمْرِ, aor. ـَ He applied, or gave, his whole attention to the thing, or affair, having his mind unoccupied by other things. (K.) A4: أَثِرَ عَلَي الْأَمْرِHe determined, resolved, or decided, upon the thing, or affair. (T, K.) A5: لَقَدْ أَثِرْتُ أَنْ أَفْعَلَ كَذَا و كَذَا, (Lth, T, L,) inf. n. أَثْرٌand أَثَرٌ, (L,) I have assuredly purposed to do such and such things. (Lth, T, L.) A6: See also 4.

A7: And see 10.2 أثّر فِيهِ, inf. n. تَأْثِيرٌ, He, or it, made, (Msb,) or left, (M, K,) or caused to remain, (S,) an impression, or a mark, or trace, upon him, or it. (S, * M, Msb, K. *) It is said of a sword, [meaning It made, or left, a mark, or scar, upon him, or it,] and in like manner of a blow. (T, TA.) [Whence,] أَثَّرَ فِى عِرْضِهِcross; [He scarred his honour]. (K in art. وخش.) You say also, أَثَّرَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَبِجَبِينِهِ السُّجُودُ [Prostration in prayer made, or left, a mark, or marks, upon his face and upon his forehead]. (T, * TA.) See also 1, first sentence.

A2: He, or it, made an impression, or produced an effect, upon him, or it; impressed, affected, or influenced, him, or it. (The Lexicons passim.) A3: أَثَّرَ كَذَا بِكَذَا, (T, TT,) or ↓ آثَرَ, (K,) He, or it, made such a thing to be followed by such a thing. (T, TT, K. *) 4 آثَرَ see 2, last sentence.

A2: [Hence, app.,] آثرهُ, (As, T, M, Msb,) inf. n. إِيثَارٌ, (As, T,) He preferred him, or it. (As, T, M, Msb, TA.) Yousay, آثرهُ عَلَيْهِ He preferred him before him: so in the Kur xii. 91. (As, M.) And آثَرْتُ فُلاَنًا عَلَى نَفْسِى [I preferred such a one before myself], from الإِيثَار. (S.) And قَدْ آثَرْتُكَ I have preferred for thee it; I have preferred to give thee it, rather than any other thing. (T.) and آثَرَ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا He preferred doing such a thing; as also ↓ أَثِرَ, inf. n. أَثَرٌ; and أَثَرَ. (M.) A3: آثر also signifies He chose, or elected, or selected. (K.) A4: And آثِرهُ He honoured him; paid him honour. (M, K.) 5 تأثّر It received an impression, or a mark, or trace; became impressed, or marked. (Msb.) A2: He, or it, had an impression made, or an effect produced, upon him, or it; became impressed, affected, or influenced. (The Lexicons passim.) A3: See also 8.8 ائْتَثَرَهُ, [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَثَرَهُ,] and ↓ تأثّرهُ, He followed his footsteps: (M, K:) or did so diligently, or perseveringly. (TA.) 10 استأثر عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ; (ISk, S, K;) and عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ أَثِرَ, aor. ـَ (K;) He chose for himself [in preference to his companions] (ISk, S, K) good things, (K,) in partition, (TA,) or good actions, and qualities of the mind. (ISk, S.) And استأثر بالشَّىْءِ, (S, K,) or الشَّىْءَ, (Msb,) He had the thing to himself, with none to share with him in it: (S, Msb, K:) and the former signifies he appropriated the thing to himself exclusively, (M, K,) عَلَى غَيْرِهِin preference to another or others. (M.) It is said in a trad., إِذَا اسْتَأْثَرَ اللّٰهُ بِشَىْءٍ فَالْهَ عَنُهُ When God appropriateth a thing to Himself exclusively, then be thou diverted from it so as to forget it. (M.) And one says, اِسْتأْثَرَ اللّٰهُ بِفُلَانٍ, (and فُلَانًا, TA,) [God took such a one to Himself,] when a person has died and it is hoped that he is forgiven. (S, M, A, K.) أَثْرٌ, (Az, T, S, A, L, K, &c.,) said by Yaakoob to be the only form known to As, (S,) and ↓ أَثَرٌ, which is a form used by poetic licence, (M, L,) and ↓ أثْرَةٌ, (M, L, K,) and ↓ أُثُرٌ, (M,) and ↓ أُثُرٌ, which is in like manner a sing., not a pl., (T, L,) and ↓ أثْرَةٌ, (El-Leblee,) and ↓ أَثِيرْ, (K,) The diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain, of a sword; syn. فِرِنْدٌ; (As, T, S, M, A, L, K;) and تَسَلْسُلٌ; and دِيبَاجَةُ; (Az, T;) and its lustre, or glitter: (M, L:) pl. [of the first] أُثُرْ: (T, M, L, K:) the pl. of أُثْرَةٌ is أُثَرٌ. (El-Leblee.) Khufáf Ibn-Nudbeh Es-Sulamee says, [describing swords,] جَلَاهَا الصَّيْقَلُونَ فَإَخْلَصُوهَا خِفَافاً كُلُّهَا يَتْقِى بِأَثْرِ [The furbishers polished them, and freed them from impurities, making them light: each of them preserving itself from the evil eye by means of its lustre]: i. e., each of them opposes to thee its فِرِنْد: (S, L:) يَتْقِى is a contraction of يَتَّقِى; and the meaning is, when a person looks at them, their bright rays meet his eye, so that he cannot continue to look at them. (L.) أُثْرٌ The scar of a wound, remaining when the latter has healed; (As, Sh, T, S, M, K;) as also ↓ أُثُرٌ(S, K) and ↓ أَثَرٌ: (Sh, T:) pl. آثَارٌ, though properly إِثَارٌ, with kesr to the ا [but why this is said, I do not see; for آثَارٌis a regular pl. of all the three forms of the sing.;] and إُثُورٌmay be correctly used as a pl. (Sh, T, L.) A2: A mark made with a hot iron upon the inner [i. e. under] part of a camel's foot, by which to trace his footprints: (M, K:) pl. أُثُورٌ. (M.) [See also أُثْرَةٌ.]

A3: Lustre, or brightness, of the face; as also ↓ أُثُرٌ. (M, K.) A4: See أَثْرٌ.

A5: See also إِثْرٌ.

إِثْرٌ: see أَثَرٌ, in three places: b2: and أَثْرٌ: b3: and see آثِرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ أُثْرٌ, (M, K,) but the latter is disallowed by more than one authority, (TA,) What is termed the خُلَاصَة[q. v.] of clarified butter: (S, M, K:) or, as some say, the milk when the clarified butter has become separated from it. (M.) [See also قِشْدَةٌ.]

أَثَرٌ A remain, or relic, of a thing; (M, Msb, K;) as of a house; as also ↓ أَثَارَةٌ: (Msb:) a trace remaining of a thing; and of the stroke, or blow, of a sword: (S:) see also أُثْرٌ: a sign, mark, or trace; opposed to the عَيْن, or thing itself: (TA:) a footstep, vestige, or track; a footprint; the impression, or mark, made by the foot of a man [&c.] upon the ground; as also ↓ إِثْرٌ: and an impress, or impression, of anything: (El-Wá'ee:) pl. آثَارٌح (M, Msb, K) and إُثُورٌ. (M, K.) [The sing. is also frequently used in a pl. sense: and the former of these pls. is often used to signify Remains, or monuments, or memorials, of anti-quity, or of any past time.] It is said in a prov., لَا أَطْلُبُ أَثَرًا بَعْدَ عَيْنٍI will not seek a trace, or vestige, [or, as we rather say in English, a shadow,] after suffering a reality, or substance, to escape me: or, as some relate it, لَا تَطْلُبْ seek not thou. (Har pp. 120 and 174.) And one says, قَطَعَ اللّٰهُ أَثَرَهُ [May God cut short his footsteps]: meaning may God render him crippled: for when one is crippled, his footsteps cease. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ لَيَصْدُقُ أَثَرُهُ, and أَثَرَهُ, Such a one, if asked, will not tell thee truly whence he comes: (M in art. صدق:) a prov. said of a liar. (TA.) and خَرَجْتُ, (S, M, * K,) and جَئْتُ, (El-Wá'ee, Msb,) فيِ أَثَرِهِ, and ↓, في إِثْرِهِ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) the former of which is said by more than one to be the more chaste, (TA,) [but the latter seems to be the more common,] and عَلَى أَثَرِهِ, and ↓ على إِثْرِهِ, (El-Wá'ee, Msb,) I went out, (S, &c.,) and I came, (El-Wá'ee, Msb,) after him: (M, A, K:) or at his heel: (Expos. of the Fs:) or following near upon him, or hard upon him, or near after him, or following him nearly: (Msb:) as though treading in his footsteps. (El-Wá'ee.) and أَثَرَ ذِى أَثِيرَيْنِ: see آثِرٌ. (K.) b2: An impress or impression, a mark, stamp, character, or trace, in a fig. sense; an effect. (The Lexicons passim.) You say, عَلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ أَثَرٌ حَسَنٌUpon his camels, or sheep, or goats, is an impress of a good state, or condition; of fatness, and of good tending; like إِصْبَعٌ. (TA in art. صبع.) And إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ الأَثَرِفِى مَالِهِ Verily he has the impress of a good state, or condition, in his camels, or sheep, or goats; like حَسَنُ الإِصْبَعِ, and المَسِ. (TA ubi suprà.) and عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ كَذَا He, or it, bears the mark, stamp, character, or trace, of such a thing. (The Lexicons passim.) b3: [The pl.] آثَارٌ also signifies Signs, or marks, set up to show the way. (K.) b4: Also the sing., i. q. أَثْرٌ, q. v. (M, L.) b5: Also i. q. خَبَرٌ [both of which words are generally held to be syn., as meaning A tradition, or narration relating or describing a saying or an action &c., of Mo-hammad]: (M, K:) or, accord. to some, the former signifies what is related as received from [one or more of] the Companions of Mohammad; (TA;) but it may also be applied to a saying of the Prophet; (Kull p. 152;) and the latter, what is from Mohammad himself; (TA;) or from another; or from him or another: (Kull p. 152:) or the former signifies i. q. سُنَّةٌ[a practice or saying, or the practices and sayings collectively, of Mo-hammad, or any other person who is an authority in matters of religion, namely, any prophet, or a Companion of Mohammad, as handed down by tradition]: (S, A:) pl. آثَارٌ. (S, M.) You say, وَجَدْتُهُ فِي الأَثَرِ [I found it in the traditions of the practices and sayings of the Prophet; &c.]: and فُلَانٌ مِنْ حَمَلَةِ الآثَارِ[Such a one is of those who bear in their memories, knowing by heart, the traditions of the practices and sayings of the Prophet; &c.]. (A.) b6: A man's origin; as in the sayings, مَا يُدْرَى لَهُ أَيْنَ أَثَرٌIt is not known where was his origin; and مَا يُدْرَى لَهُ مَا أثَرٌIt is not known what is his origin. (Ks, Lh, M.) b7: The term, or period, of life: so called because it follows life: (Msb, TA:) or from the same word as signifying the print of one's foot upon the ground; because when one dies, his footprints cease to be seen. (TA.) b8: [For the former of these two reasons,] آثَارَهُمْ in the Kur xxxvi. 11 means The rewards and punishments of their good and evil lives. (M, L.) A2: آثَارٌ is also a pl. of ثَأْرٌ, q. v.; formed by transposition from أَثْآرٌ. (Yaa-Koob, and M in art. ثأر.) أَثُرٌ A man who chooses for himself [in preference to his companions] (ISk, S, M, K) good things, (K,) in partition, (M, TA,) or good actions, and qualities of the mind; (ISk, S;) as also ↓ أَثِرٌ (M, K.) أَثِرٌ: see أَثُرٌ.

أُثُرٌ: see أُثْرٌ, in two places: b2: and see أَثْرٌ.

أَثُرٌ: see أَثَارَةٌ.

أُثْرَةٌ: see أَثَارَةٌ. b2: A mark which is made by the Arabs of the desert upon the inner [i. e. under] part of a camel's foot; as also ↓ تَأْثُورٌ, and, accord. to some, ↓ تُؤْثُورَهُ, whence one says, رَأَيْتُ أُثْرَتَهُ, and ↓ تُؤْثُورَهُ, I saw the place of his footsteps upon the ground: (M:) or the abrasion of the inner [i. e. under] part of a camel's foot with the instrument of iron called مِئْثَرَةand تُؤْثُور, in order that his footprints may be traced. (S.) [See also أُثْرٌ.] b3: See also أَثْرٌ. b4: And see مَأْثُرَةٌ. b5: Preference. (A.) You say, لَهُ عِنْدِى أُثْرَةٌ He has a preference in my estimation. (A.) and هُوَ ذُو أُثْرَةٍ عِنْدَ الأَمِيرِHe has a preference in the estimation of the prince, or commander. (A.) And فُلَانٌ ذُو أُثْرَةٍ عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ, (TA,) or ↓ أَثَرَةٍ, (T,) Such a one is a favourite with such a one. (T, TA.) See also أَثَرَةٌ, in two places. b6: أُثْرَةَ ذِى أَثِيرٍ: see آثِرٌ.

A2: Dearth, scarcity, drought, or sterility, (جَدْبٌ[in the CK جَذْــب],) and an unpleasant state or condition. (M, K.) إِثْرَةٌ: see أَثَرَةٌ. b2: إِثْرَةً: see آثِرٌ.

أَثَرَةٌ: see أَثَارَةٌ. b2: A subst. [signifying The appropriation of a thing or things to oneself exclusively: the having a thing to oneself, with none to share with him in it:] from اِسْتَأْثَرَ بِالشَّىْءِ. (S, M.) And, as also ↓ أُثْرَةٌand ↓ إِثْرَةٌand ↓ إُثْرَى, The choice for oneself [in preference to his companions] of good things, (M, * K, * TA,) in partition; (M, TA;) the choice and preference of the best of things, and taking it, or them, for oneself: (TA:) the pl. of the second is أُثَرٌ. (TA.) You say, أَخَذَهُ بِلَا أَثَرَةٍ, and ↓ بلا أُثْرَةٍ, [&c.,] He took it without a choice and preference of the best of the things, and the taking the best for himself. (T, TA.) And a poet says, فَقُلْتَ لَهُ يَا ذِئْبُ هَلْ لَكَ فىِ أَخٍ عَلَيْكَ وَلَا بُخْلِ ↓ يُؤَاسِي بِلَا أُثْرَي [And I said to him, O wolf, hast thou a desire for a brother who will share without choice of the best things for himself in preference to thee, and without niggardness?]. (M, TA.) See also أُثْرَةٌ.

أُثْرَى: see أَثَرَةٌ, in two places.

أَثِيرٌ: see أَثَرَةٌ. b2: [That makes a large footprint, or the like.] You say, دَابَّةٌ أَثِيَرةٌ A beast that makes a large footprint upon the ground with its hoof, (Az, S, M, K,) or with its soft foot, such as that of the camel. (Az, S.) b3: A man possessing power and authority; honoured: pl. أُثَرَآءُ: fem. أَثِيرَةٌ. (M.) b4: فُلَانٌ أَثِيرِى Such a one is my particular friend: (S, K:) or is the person whom I prefer. (A.) فُلَانٌ أَثِيرٌعِنْدَ فُلَانٍSuch a one is a favourite with such a one. (T.) b5: آثِرَ ذِى أَثِيرٍ, and أَوَّلَ ذِى أَثِيرٍ, &c.: see آثِرٌ. b6: شَىْءٌ كَثِيرٌ أَثِيرٌ [A thing very abundant, copious, or numerous]: اثيرis here an imitative sequent, (S, K, *) like بَثِيرٌ. (S.) A2: الأَثِيرُ ὁ αἰθήρ, The ether;] the ninth, which is the greatest, sphere, which rules over [all] the other spheres: [said to be] so called because it affects the others (يُؤَثِرُ فِى غَيْرِهِ). (MF.) [It is also called فَلَكُ الأَطْلَسِ, and فَلَكُ العَرْشِ; and is said to be next above that called فَلَكُ الكُرْسِىِّ.]

أَثَارَةٌ: see أَثَرٌ. You say, سَمِنَتِ الإبِلُ عَلَى أَثَارَةٍ, (S, M, *) or على أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ شَحْمٍ, (A,) The camels acquired fat, upon, or after, remains of fat. (S, M, * A.) And غَضِبَ عَلَي أَثَارَةٍ قِبْلَ ذَاكَ He became angry the more, having been angry before that. (Lh, M.) And أَغْضَبَنِي فُلَانٌ عَلَى أَثَارَةِ غَضَبٍ Such a one angered me when anger yet remained in me. (A.) And أَثَارَةٌ مِنْ عِلْمٍ, and ↓ أَثَرَةٌ, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ أُثْرَةٌ, (M, K,) or ↓ أَثْرَةٌ, (T,) the first of which is the most approved, (M,) and is [originally] an inf. n., [see أَثَرَ الآحَدِيثَ,] (T,) signify A remain, or relic, of knowledge, (Zj, T, S, M, K, and Jel in xlvi. 3 of the Kur,) transmitted, or handed down, (K, Jel,) from the former generations: (Jel:) or what is transmitted, or handed down, of knowledge: (Zj, M:) or somewhat transmitted from the writings of the former generations: (TA:) by the knowledge spoken of [in the Kur ubi suprà] is meant that of writing, which was given to certain of the prophets. (I'Ab.) آثِرٌ One who relates, or recites, a tradition, narrative, or story, or traditions, &c., as received, or heard, from another, or others; a narrator thereof. (T, S, * L.) The saying of 'Omar, on his being forbidden by Mohammad to swear by his father, مَا حَلَفْتُ بِهِ ذَاكِراً وَلَا آثِرًا, means I did not swear by him uttering (the oath) as proceeding in the first instance from myself, nor repeating (it) as heard from another particular person. (A'Obeyd, T, S, TA.) b2: أَفْعَلُ هذَا آثِرًا مَّا, (IAar, T, S, K,) and آثِرًاwithout ما, (IAar, T,) and ↓ آثِرَ ذِى أَثِيرٍ, (S, K,) mean I will do this the first of every thing. (S, K. *) And in like manner, after لَقِيتُهُ[I met him, or it], one says, آثِرًا مَّا, [and ↓ آثِرَ ذِى أَثِيرٍ,] and ↓ أَوَّلَ ذِى أَثِيرٍ, (M, K,) and آثِرَ ذَاتِ يَدِى, (M,) or ذَاتِ يَدَيْنِ, (K,) and ذِى يَدَيْنِ, (IAar, M, K,) and ↓ أَثِيرَةَ ذِى أَثِيرٍ, and ↓ ذِى أثِيرَيْنِ ↓ إُثْرَةَ, (K,) and ↓ آثِرَ ذِى أَثِيرَيْنِ, (M, as from Lh,) or ↓ ذِى أَثِيرَيْنِ ↓ أَثَرَ, (K,) and ↓ ذِى أَثِيرَيْنِ, ↓ إِثْرَ and مَّا ↓ إِثْرَةً : (Lh, M, K:) or, as some say, ↓ الأَثِيرُsignifies the daybreak, or down; and ↓ ذُو أَثِيرٍ, the time thereof. (M, TA.) Fr says that اِبْدَأْ بِهذَا آثِرًا مَّا, and ↓ آثِرَ ذِى أَثِيرٍ, and ↓ أَثِيرَ ذِى أَثِيرٍ, signify Begin thou with this first of every thing. (TA.) One says also, اِفْعَلْهُ, آثِرًا مَّا, (T, M, TA,) and مَّا ↓ إِثْرًا, (M, TA,) meaning Do thou it [at least], if thou do nothing else: (T, M, TA:) or, as some say, do thou it in preference to another thing, or to other things: ماbeing redundant, but [in this case] not to be omitted, because [it is a corroborative, and] the meaning of the phrase is, do thou it by choice, or preference, and with care. (M, TA.) Mbr says that the phrase خُذْ هذَا آثِرًا مَّاmeans Take thou this in preference; i. e., I give it thee in preference; as though one desired to take, of another, one thing, and had another thing offered to him for sale: and ماis here redundant. (T, TA.) تَأْثُورٌ: see آُثْرَةٌ.

تُؤْثُورٌ: see آثْرَةٌ, in two places: and see مِئْثَرَةٌ, in two places.

مَأثُرَةٌ (T, S, M, K, &c.) and مَأْثَرَةٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ أُثْرَةٌ(M, K) A generous quality or action; (Az, S;) so called because related, or handed down, by generation from generation: (S:) or a generous quality that is inherited by generation from generation: (M, K:) a generous quality, or action, related, or handed down by tradition from one's ancestors: (A:) a cause of glorying: (Az:) and precedence in أُثْرَةٌ[or grounds of pretension to respect, &c.]: pl. of the first and second, حَسَب. (Az, T.) مِئْثَرَةٌand ↓ تُؤْثُورٌ An iron instrument (S, M, K) with which the bottom of a camel's foot is marked, in order that his footprints upon the ground may be known: (M:) or, with which the inner [i. e. under] part of a camel's foot is scraped, in order that his footprints may be traced: (S, K:) or ↓ تؤثورhas a different meaning, explained above, voce أُثْرَةٌ. (M.) The مِيثَرَةof a horse's saddle is without hemz. (S.) مَأْثُورٌ A camel having a mark made upon the bottom of his foot with the iron instrument called مِئْثَرَة, in order that his footprints upon the ground may be known: (T:) or having the inner [i. e. under] part of his foot scraped with that instrument, in order that his footprints may be traced. (S.) b2: A sword having in its مَتْن[or broad side; or the middle of the broad side, of the blade,] diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain, or lustre or glitter: (M, K: [in some copies of the latter of which, instead of أَثْرٌ, I find أَثَرٌ:]) or having its متنof female, or soft, iron, and its edge of male iron, or steel: (K:) or that is said to be of the fabric of the jinn, or genii; (S, M, K*) and not from الأَثْر, as signifying الفِرِنْد: (S, M:) so says As: (S:) [ISd says,] مأثورis in my opinion a pass. part. n. that has no verb: (M:) or it signifies an ancient sword, which has passed by inheritance from great man to great man. (A.) b3: A tradition, narrative, or story, handed down from one to another, from generation to generation. (T, S, A.)