بشــر
1 بَشَــرَ,
aor. ـُ (
S,
Msb,)
inf. n. بَشْــرٌ; (
S,
Msb,
K;) and ↓ ا
بشــر, (
A,)
inf. n. إِـ
ـبْشَــارٌ; (
K;) He pared (
S,
A,
Msb,
K) a hide, (
S,
A,
Msb,) removing its
بَشَــرَة, (
S,) or face, or surface, (
A,
Msb,) or the skin upon which the hair grew: (
TA:) or, as some say, removing its inner part with a large knife: or,
accord. to Ibn-Buzurj, some of the Arabs say,
بَشَــرْتُ الأَدِيمَ,
aor. ـِ meaning I removed from the hide its
بَشَــرَة; and ↓ أَـ
ـبْشَــرْتُهُ as meaning I exposed to view its
بَشَــرَة that was next to the flesh; and آدَمْتُهُ I exposed to view its أَدَمَة upon which the hair grew. (
TA.) [But see أَدَمَةٌ.]
b2: Hence the saying in a
trad., مَنْ أَحَبَّ القُرْآنَ قَلْيَـ
ـبْشُــرْ,
accord. to him who recites it thus, with damm to the ش; meaning (assumed
tropical:) Whoso loveth the
Kur-án, let him make himself light of flesh, [by not eating more than will be sufficient, and so prepare himself] for [reading, or reciting,] it, [like as one prepares a horse for running,] because eating much causes one to forget it. (
TA.)
b3: Hence also,
بَشَــرَ الأَرْضَ, (
TA,)
inf. n. as above, (
S,
K,) (assumed
tropical:) It (a swarm of locusts) stripped the ground; (
TA;) ate what was upon the ground, (
S,
K,) i. e., upon its surface; as though the exterior of the ground were its
بَشَــرَة. (
TA.)
b4: And
بَشَــرَ,
aor. ـُ (
TA,)
inf. n. as above, (
K,) He clipped his mustache much, so that the
بَشَــرَة (i. e. the exterior of the skin,
TA) became apparent. (
K,
TA.) This the Muslim is commanded to do. (
TA.)
b5: بَشَــرَنِى فُلَانٌ بِوَجْهٍ حَسَنٍ Such a one met me with a cheerful countenance. (
S.) See also 2, in two places.
b6: And see 3.
A2: بَشِــرَ,
aor. ـَ (
IAar,
S,
Msb,
K;) and
بَشَــرَ,
aor. ـِ (
IAar,
K,)
inf. n. بَشْــرٌ and
بُشُــورٌ; (
TA;) and ↓ ا
بشــر, [which is the most common, though
extr. in respect of
analogy, as being quasi-
pass. of
بَشَــرَ, like احجم and احنج and اعرض and اقشع and اكبّ and انهج, (mentioned by
MF in art. حنج as the only other instances of the kind,) and اخلج, (added in the
TA in art. خلج,)] (
S,
A,
Mgh,
K,)
inf. n. إِـ
ـبْشَــارٌ; (
S;) and ↓ استـ
ـبشــر; (
S,
A,
Msb,
K;) and ↓ تـ
ـبشّــر; (A;) [originally, He became changed in his
بَشَــرَة (or complexion) by the annunciation of an event: see
بَشَّــرَهُ: and hence,] he rejoiced, or became rejoiced; (
IAar,
S,
A,
Msb,
K;) بِكَذَا [at, or by, such a thing; or at, or by, the annunciation of such a thing]. (
IAar,
S,
K. *) You say, أَتَانِى أَمْرٌ
بَشِــرْتُ بِهِ An affair happened to me whereat I rejoiced, or whereby I became rejoiced. (
S.) And بِمَوْلُودٍ ↓ أَـ
ـبْشَــرَ He rejoiced [at the annunciation of a new-born child]. (
S.) And بِخَيْرٍ ↓ أَـ
ـبْشِــرْ Rejoice thou [at the annunciation of a good event]. (
S,
K.) And in the same sense ↓ أَـ
ـبْشِــرُوا is used in the
Kur xli. 30. (
S.) 2
بشّــرهُ (
S,
A,
Msb, &c.,) the form used by the Arabs in general, (
Msb,)
inf. n. تَـ
ـبْشِــيرٌ; (
S,
Msb,
K, &c.;) and ↓
بَشَــرَهُ,
aor. ـُ (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,) of the
dial. of Tihámeh and the adjacent parts, (
Msb,)
inf. n. بَشْــرٌ and
بُشُــورٌ (
S,
K) and
بُشْــرٌ, (
TA,) or this last is a simple
subst.; (
Msb;) and ↓ ا
بشــرهُ; (
S,
A,
Mgh,
K;) and ↓ استـ
ـبشــرهُ; (
K,
TA;) are
syn.; (
S,
K, &c.;) originally signifying He announced to him an event which produced a change in his
بَشَــرَة [or complexion]: and hence, (El-Fakhr Er-
Rázee,) he announced to him an event which rejoiced him: (
A, El-Fakhr Er-
Rázee:) so in common acceptation [when not restricted by an adjunct that denotes its having a different meaning: see
بُشْــرَى and an
ex. below in this paragraph]: (El-Fakhr Er-
Rázee:) or he rejoiced him [by an annunciation]: (
Msb:) and he announced to him an event which grieved him: [or he grieved him by an annunciation:] both these significations are proper. (El-Fakhr Er-
Rázee.) You say,
بشّــرهُ بِالأَمْرِ [generally meaning He rejoiced him by the annunciation of the event]; and بِهِ ↓
بَشَــرَهُ,
aor. and
inf. ns. as above; &c. (
TA.) And
بَشَّــرْتُهُ بِمَوْلُودٍ [I rejoiced him by the annunciation of a new-born child]. (
S.) And it is said in the
Kur [iii. 20, &c.],
بَشِّــرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
[Grieve thou them by the annunciation, or denunciation, of a painful punishment]. (
S.) You say also, of a she-camel,
بَشَّــرَتْ بِاللَّقَاحِ, meaning (assumed
tropical:) She made it known that she had begun to be pregnant. (
TA. [See also 4.]) 3 باشر المَرْأَةَ, (
K, &c.,)
inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ (
S,
Mgh,
TA) and
بِشَــارٌ, (
TA,) He was, or became, in contact with the woman, skin to skin: (
TA:) he enjoyed [contact with] her skin: (
Msb:) he became in contact with her, skin to skin, both being within one garment or piece of cloth: (
K:) he lay with her, [skin to skin; or in the sense of] inivit eam: (
S,
K:)
i. q. وَطِئَهَا, both فِى الفَرْجِ and خَارِجًا مِنْهُ: (
TA:) [and so ↓
بَشَــرَهَا
inf. n. بَشْــرٌ; for]
بَشْــرٌ and مُبَاشَرَةٌ are
syn. [in the sense of congressus venereus, as is shown by an
ex. in the
S.]. (
S,
K.)
b2: باشرهُ النَّعِيمُ (
tropical:) [Enjoyment attended him; as though it clave to his skin]. (
A.)
b3: فَبَاشَرُوا رَوْحَ اليَقِينِ, or رُوحَ اليقين, is a
metaphorical expression, [
app. meaning (
tropical:) And they felt the joy and happiness that arise from certainty,] occurring in a
trad. of 'Alee. (
TA.)
b4: باشر الأَمْرَ, (
S,
A, &c.,)
inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ, (
S,) (
tropical:) He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair himself, or in his own person: (
S,
K,
TA:) or (
tropical:) he was present, himself, at the affair: (
A,
TA:) or, [properly,] he managed, or conducted, the affair with his
بَشَــرَة, i. e., his own hand: (
Mgh, *
Msb:) and hence a later application of the verb in the sense of لَاحَظَ (assumed
tropical:) [He regarded, or attended to, the thing, or affair, &c.]. (
Msb.) 4 ا
بشــر: see 1, first sentence, in two places.
b2: [Hence,] ا
بشــر الأَمْرُ وَجْهَهُ The affair made his countenance beautiful and bright: in the
K we read, أَـ
ـبْشَــرَ الأَمْرَ حَسَّنَهُ وَ نَضَّرَهُ; but this is a mistake. (
TA.) Agreeably with this explanation,
AA renders a reading in the
Kur [xlii. 22], ذٰلِكَ الَّذِى يُـ
ـبْشِــرُ اللّٰهُ عِبَادَهُ, meaning That is it with which God will make beautiful and bright the face of his servants: so in the
L. (
TA.)
b3: See also 2.
b4: [Hence,] أَـ
ـبْشَــرَتِ النَّاقَةُ (assumed
tropical:) The she-camel conceived, or became pregnant: (
K:) as though she rejoiced [her owner] by announcing her conception. (
TA. [See 2, last sentence.])
b5: And أَـ
ـبْشَــرَتِ الأَرْضُ (
tropical:) The earth put forth its herbage appea He demanded ring upon its surface. (
S,
K.)
A2: See also 1, latter part, in four places.
5 تَـ
ـبَشَّــرَ see, latter part.
6 تباشر القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, announced, one to another, a joyful event, or joyful events. (
S.) And هُمْ يَتَبَاشَرُونَ بِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ They rejoice one another by the annunciation of that event. (
TA.) 10 استـ
ـبشــر: see 1, latter part.
A2: استـ
ـبشــرهُ He demanded of him a reward for an annunciation of joyful tidings. (
M.)
b2: See also 2.
بُشْــرٌ: see
بُشْــرَى.
b2: It is also a contraction of
بُشُــرٌ, which is
pl. of
بَشُــورٌ (
TA) or
بَشِــيرٌ. (
TA in art. نشر.)
بِشْــرٌ Cheerfulness, or openness and pleasantness, of countenance: (
Mgh,
Msb,
K, *
TA:) and happiness, joy, or gladness. (
Har p. 192.) You say, هُوَ حَسَنُ الـ
ـبِشْــرِ He is cheerful, or open and pleasant, in countenance. (
S.)
بَشَــرٌ: see
بَشَــرَةٌ
b2: [Hence,] الـ
ـبَشَــرُ (assumed
tropical:) Mankind: (
S,
Msb,
K:) and the human being: (
Msb,
K:) applied to the male and to the female; and used alike as
sing. and
pl. (
Msb,
K,
TA) and dual: (
TA:) so that you say, هُوَ
بَشَــرٌ He is a human being, and هِىَ
بَشَــرٌ She is a human being, and هُمْ
بَشَــرٌ They (more than two) are human beings, and هُمَا
بَشَــرٌ They two are human beings: (
TA:) but sometimes it has the dual form; (
Msb,
K;) as in the
Kur xxiii. 49; (
Msb,
TA;) though the Arabs may have used the dual form in the sense of the
sing.: (
MF:) and sometimes it has a
pl., namely, أَـ
ـبْشَــارٌ. (
K.) This is a secondary application of the word: (
Msb:) i. e., this signification is
tropical; or, as some say, the word is so much used in this sense as to be, so used, conventionally regarded as proper; the sense not depending upon its having another word connected with it: but in the
S and
K, and by the generality of authors, this signification is given as proper. (
MF.) Some say that a human being is thus called because his
بَشَــرَة is bare of hair and of wool. (
MF.) [Hence,] أَبُو الـ
ـبَشَــرِ [The father of mankind; meaning] Adam. (
K.)
بَشَــرَةٌ (
Lth,
S,
M,
A,
Mgh,
Msb) and ↓
بَشَــرٌ, (
S,
K,) or the latter is
pl. of the former, (
Msb,
K,) [or rather a
coll. gen. n., of which the former is the
n. un.,] like قَصَبَهُ and قَصَبٌ, (
Msb,) and أَـ
ـبْشَــارٌ is
pl. of
بَشَــرٌ, (
K,) [The external skin; the cuticle, or scarf-skin; the epidermis;] the exterior of the skin (
S,
A,
Mgh,
Msb,
K) of a human being; (
S,
A,
K;) and, as some say, of other creatures, (
K,) such as the serpent; but this is generally disallowed: (
TA:) or
بَشَــرَةٌ signifies the exterior of the skin of the head, in which grows the hair; as also أَدَمَةٌ and شَوَاةٌ: (Aboo-Safwán:) or the upper skin (
Lth,
M) of the head (
M) and of the face and body of a human being; (
Lth,
M;) that upon which the hair grows: (
M:) or, as some say, that which is next the flesh. (
M.) It is said in a
prov., إِنَّمَا يُعَاتَبُ الأَدِيمُ ذُو الـ
ـبَشَــرَةِ: see أَدِيمٌ.
b2: بَشَــرَةٌ sometimes means The complexion, or hue: and fineness, or delicacy. (
TA.)
A2: بَشَــرَةُ الأَرْضُ (
tropical:) The herbage appearing upon the surface of the earth. (
S,
A,
K.) You say, مَا أَحْسَنَ
بَشَــرَتَهَا (
tropical:) How goodly is its herbage appearing upon its surface! (
S, A.) And
بَشَــرَةٌ [alone] signifies (
tropical:) Leguminous plants; herbs, or herbage. (
TA.)
b2: بَشَــرَةٌ is used also as signifying (assumed
tropical:) A man's hand. (
Msb.) [See 3, last sentence.]
بُشْــرَى (imperfectly
decl., because it terminates with a
fem. alif which is inseparable from it,
S) and ↓
بِشَــارَةٌ and ↓
بُشَــارَةٌ [but respecting this last see
بِشَــارَةٌ below] (
S,
Msb,
K) and ↓
بُشْــرٌ (
Msb) are substs. from
بَشَّــرَهُ (
S,
Msb,
K) [originally signifying An annunciation which produces a change in the
بَشَــرَة (or complexion) of the person to whom it is made: and hence, a joyful annunciation; joyful, or glad, tidings; good news]: and ↓ تَبَاشِيرُ [
q. v. infrà] signifies the same as
بُشْــرَى: (
S,
K:) ↓
بِشَــارَةٌ, when used absolutely, relates only to good; (
S,
Msb;) not to evil unless when expressly restricted thereto by an adjunct: [see 2:] (
S:) its
pl. is
بِشَــارَاتٌ and
بَشَــائِرُ. (
A.) يَا
بُشْــرَاىَ, in the
Kur [xii. 19,
accord. to one reading, (otherwise, as
Bd mentions,
بُشْــرَاىْ, or
بُشْــرَىَّ, which is a
dial. var. of the same, or
بُشْــرَى, which, as some say, was the name of a man,) meaning O my joyful annunciation, or joyful tidings, or good news!], is like عَصَاى: and in the dual you say, يَا
بُشْــرَيَىَّ. (
S.) You say also, ↓ تَتَابَعَتِ الـ
ـبِشَــارَاتُ and الـ
ـبَشَــائِرُ [The joyful annunciations followed consecutively]. (
A.) See another
ex. voce بَشِــيرٌ.
b2: See also
بِشَــارَةٌ.
بَشَــرِىٌّ Human; of, or belonging to, or relating to, mankind or a human being.]
بُشَــارٌ (assumed
tropical:) The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, of mankind, or of people. (
IAar,
K.)
بَشُــورٌ: see what next follows, in three places.
بَشِــيرٌ
i. q. ↓ مُـ
ـبَشِّــرٌ, (
S,
Mgh,
K,) [and so ↓
بَشُــورٌ, as will be seen by an
ex. in what follows,] One who announces to a people [or person] an event, either good or evil; (
TA;) but meaning the former oftener than the latter: (
Msb:) [an announcer of a joyful event, or joyful events: one who rejoices another, or others, by an annunciation:]
pl. بُشَــرَآءُ (A) and
بُشُــرٌ, (
TA in art. نشر,) or this is
pl. of ↓
بَشُــورٌ. (
TA in the present art.) It is said in the
Kur [vii. 55], وَ هُوَ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ
بُشُــرًا, and
بُشْــرًا, and ↓
بُشْــرَى, and
بَشْــرًا; [
accord. to different readings, meaning (assumed
tropical:) And He it is who sendeth the winds announcing coming rain;] in which
بُشُــرٌ is
pl. of ↓
بَشُــورٌ, [
syn. with بَشِــيرٌ and مُـ
ـبَشِّــرٌ, but both
masc. and
fem.,] (
TA,) or of
بَشِــيرٌ, (
Bd,) or of
بَشِــيرَةٌ; (
TA in art. نشر;) and
بُشْــرًا is a contraction of the same; and
بُشْــرَى is
syn. with بِشَــارَةٌ; and
بَشْــرًا is the
inf. n. of
بَشَــرَهُ in the sense of
بَشَّــرَهُ (
TA. [But the reading commonly followed in this passage is نُشُرًا, with ن: another reading is نُشْرًا: another, نَشْرًا: and another, نَشَرًا.]) And ↓ المُـ
ـبَشِّــرَاتُ, (
A,) or مُـ
ـبَشِّــرَاتُ الرِّيَاحِ, (
S,) signifies (
tropical:) Winds that announce [coming] rain: (
S, A:) so in the
Kur xxx. 45. (
TA.)
A2: Also Goodly; beautiful; elegant in form or features; (
S,
K;) applied to a man, and to a face: (
TA:)
fem. with ة; (
S,
K;) applied to a woman, and to a she-camel; (
S;) and meaning, when applied to a she-camel, neither emaciated nor fat: or,
accord. to Aboo-Hilál, neither of generous nor of ignoble breed: or, as some say, half-fattened: (
TA:)
pl. of the
fem. بَشَــائِرُ: (
S:) and ↓ مَـ
ـبْشُــورَةٌ signifies beautiful in make and colour; (
IAar,
K;) applied to a girl. (
IAar.)
بَشَــارَةٌ Goodliness; beauty; elegance of form or features. (
S,
K,
TA.)
بُشَــارَةٌ What is pared off from the face of a hide: what is pared off from its back is called تِحْلِئٌ. (
Lh.)
A2: See also
بِشَــارَةٌ:
b2: and see
بُشْــرَى.
بِشَــارَةٌ;
pl. بِشَــارَاتٌ and
بَشَــائِرُ: see
بُشْــرَى, in three places; and see also تَبَاشِيرُ.
b2: Also A gift to him who announces a joyful event; and so ↓
بُشَــارَةٌ: (
K, *
TA:) or the latter, which is like the عُمَالَة of the عَامِل, has this signification; (
IAth;) and so ↓
بُشْــرَى; (
M;) and
بِشَــارَةٌ [has the same meaning
accord. to common usage, but, properly,] is a
subst. in the sense explained above,
voce بُشْــرَى. (
IAth.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُهُ ثَوْبِى
بِشَــارَةً I gave him my garment as a reward for the joyful annunciation. (
TA from a
trad.) هُوَ أَـ
ـبْشَــرُ مِنْهُ He is more goodly or beautiful, more elegant in form or features, and more fat, than he. (
K.) تُـ
ـبُشِّــرٌ, in the hand writing of
J تُـ
ـبَشِّــرٌ, [and so in my copies of the
S,] a word of which there is not the like except in the instances of تُنُوِّطٌ [or تُنَوِّطٌ], a certain bird, and وَادِى تُهُلِّكَ [or تُهَلِّكَ?] and وَادِى
تُضُلِّلَ [or تُضَلِّلَ] and وَادِى تُخُيِّبَ [or تُخَيِّبَ], (
TA,) A certain bird, called the صُفَارِيَّة: (
S,
K:)
n. un. with ة. (
K.) تَبَاشِيرُ, as though it were
pl. of تَـ
ـبْشِــيرٌ,
inf. n. of
بَشَّــرَ; (A;) a word which has not its like except in the instances of تَعَاشِيبُ and تَعَاجِيبُ and تَفَاطِيرُ [and تَبَاكِيرُ and تَبَارِيحُ, and probably a few others]; (
TA;) (
tropical:) [Annunciations; foretokens; foretellers; foreshowers; prognostics; earnests; of what is good:] the beginnings of anything: (
S,
K:) the first of blossoms &c.: (
TA:) the beginnings, (
S,
K,) or first annunciations, (
A,) of daybreak; (
S,
A,
K;) as also ↓
بَشَــائِرُ: (
TA:) it has no verb: (
S:) and [is said to have] no
sing.: but in a
trad. of El-Hajjáj, تَـ
ـبْشِــيرٌ occurs as meaning (assumed
tropical:) the commencement of rain. (
TA.) One says, فِيهِ مَخَايِلُ الرُّشْدِ وَ تَبَاشِيرُهُ (
tropical:) [In him are indications of right conduct, or belief, and its earnests]. (
A.) See also
بُشْــرَى.
b2: (assumed
tropical:) Streaks of the light of daybreak in the night. (
TA.)
b3: (assumed
tropical:) Streaks that are seen upon the surface of the ground, caused by the winds. (
Lth,
K. *)
b4: (assumed
tropical:) The colours of palm-trees when their fruit begins to ripen; (
K;) as also تَبَاكِيرُ. (
TA.)
b5: (assumed
tropical:) Such as bear fruit early, or before others, of palm-trees. (
K.)
b6: (assumed
tropical:) Marks of galls upon the side of a beast. (
K.) رَجُلٌ مُؤْدَمٌ مُـ
ـبْشَــرٌ (
tropical:) A perfect man; as though he combined the softness of the أَدَمَة [or inner skin] with the roughness of the
بَشَــرَة [or outer skin]: (
S:) or a man who combines softness, or gentleness, and strength, with knowledge of affairs: (
As:) and اِمْرَأَةٌ مُؤْدَمَةٌ مُـ
ـبْشَــرَةٌ (
tropical:) a woman perfect in every respect. (
TA.) [See also art. ادم.]
مُـ
ـبَشِّــرٌ and مُـ
ـبَشِّــرَاتٌ: see
بَشِــيرٌ.
مَـ
ـبْشُــورَةٌ: see
بَشِــيرٌ, last sentence.
حِجْرٌمُبَاشِرٌ [so in two copies of the
S: in Golius's Lex. مُبَاشِرَةٌ:] A mare [so I render حجر, which Golius renders ‘ vulva, '] desiring the stallion. (
S.) [See also مُبَاسِرَةٌ, with س.]
