بَرَاثا:
بالثاء المثلثة، والقصر: محلة كانت في طرف بغداد في قبلة الكرخ وجنوبي باب محوّل، وكان لها جامع مفرد تصلي فيه الشيعة وقد خرب عن آخره، وكذلك المحلّة لم يبق لها أثر، فأما الجامع فأدركت أنا بقايا من حيطانه وقد خربت في عصرنا واستعملت في الأبنية، وفي سنة 329 فرغ من جامع براثا وأقيمت فيه الخطبة، وكان قبل مسجدا يجتمع فيه قوم من الشيعة يسبون الصحابة فكبسه الراضي
بالله وأخذ من وجده فيه وحبسهم وهدمه حتى سوّى به الأرض، وأنهى الشيعة خبره إلى بجكم الماكاني أمير الأمراء ببغداد فأمر بإعادة بنائه وتوسيعه وإحكامه، وكتب في صدره اسم الراضي، ولم تزل الصلاة تقام فيه إلى بعد الخمسين وأربعمائة ثم تعطلت إلى الآن.
وكانت براثا قبل بناء بغداد قرية يزعمون أن عليّا مرّ بها لما خرج لقتال الحرورية بالنهروان وصلى في موضع من الجامع المذكور، وذكر أنه دخل حماما كان في هذه القرية، وقيل: بل الحمام التي دخلها كانت بالعتيقة محلة ببغداد خربت أيضا، وينسب إلى براثا هذه أبو شعيب البراثي العابد، كان أول من سكن براثا في كوخ يتعبد فيه، فمرت بكوخه جارية من أبناء الكتّاب الكبار وأبناء الدنيا كانت ربّيت في القصور فنظرت إلى أبي شعيب فاستحسنت حاله وما كان عليه فصارت كالأسير له، فجاءت إلى أبي شعيب وقالت: أريد أن أكون لك خادمة، فقال لها: إن أردت ذلك فتعرّي من هيئتك وتجرّدي عما أنت فيه حتى تصلحي لما أردت، فتجردت عن كل ما تملكه ولبست لبسة النّسّاك وحضرته فتزوجها، فلما دخلت الكوخ رأت قطعة خصاف كانت في مجلس أبي شعيب تقيه من النّدى، فقالت: ما أنا بمقيمة عندك حتى تخرج ما تحتك، لأني سمعتك تقول: إن الأرض تقول يا ابن آدم تجعل بيني وبينك حجابا وأنت غدا في بطني، فرماها أبو شعيب، ومكثت عنده سنين يتعبدان أحسن عبادة، وتوفيا على ذلك، وأبو عبد الله بن أبي جعفر البراثي الزاهد أستاذ أبي جعفر الكريني الصوفي، وله خبر مع زوجته يشبه الذي قبله، وهو ما قال حليم بن جعفر:
كنا نأتي أبا عبد الله بن أبي جعفر الزاهد، وكان يسكن براثا، وكان له امرأة متعبدة يقال لها جوهرة، وكان أبو عبد الله يجلس على جلّة خوص بحرانية وجوهرة جالسة حذاءه على جلة أخرى مستقبلي القبلة في بيت واحد، قال: فأتيناه يوما وهو جالس على الأرض وليست الجلة تحته، فقلنا: يا أبا عبد الله ما فعلت الجلّة التي كنت تجلس عليها؟ فقال: إن جوهرة أيقظتني البارحة فقالت: أليس يقال في الحديث إن الأرض تقول يا ابن آدم تجعل بيني وبينك سترا وأنت غدا في بطني؟ قال قلت: نعم، قالت: فأخرج هذه الجلال لا حاجة لنا فيها، فقمت والله وأخرجتها.
قلت: وقد ذكر الرجلين والقصتين الحافظ أبو بكر في تاريخه، ومحمد بن خالد بن يزيد بن غزوان أبو عبد الله البراثي والد أبي العباس، كان من أهل الدين والفضل والجلالة والنبل ذا حال من الدنيا حسنة معروفا بالبر واصطناع الخير، وكان صديقا لبشر ابن الحارث الحافي يأنس إليه في أموره ويقبل صلته، قال أبو محمد الزهري: سمعت إبراهيم الحربي يقول: والك يقع على أحد شيء من السماء، ولكن كان لبشر صديق أشار إلى أنه كان يقبل منه الصّلة ونحوها، روى الحديث عن هاشم بن بشير، روى عنه ابنه أبو العباس، وابنه أحمد بن محمد بن خالد أبو العباس البراثي، سمع عليّ بن الجعد وعبد الله بن عون الخرّاز وكامل بن طلحة ويحيى الحمّاني وأحمد بن إبراهيم الموصلي وشريح بن يونس والحسن بن حماد سجّادة وأبا محمد بن خالد وإسمعيل بن عليّ الخطبي ومحمد بن عمر الجعابي وأحمد بن جعفر بن مسلم، وهو ثقة مأمون، قاله الدارقطني، وقال ابن قانع:
مات في سنة 300 وقيل سنة 302، وجعفر بن محمد ابن عبد بقية أبو عبد الله المعروف بالبراثي، مروزي الأصل، حدث عن أبي عمر حفص الرّبالي ومحمد ابن الوليد البسري وإسمعيل بن أبي الحارث وزيد
ابن إسمعيل الصائغ وإبراهيم بن صالح الأدمي وإبراهيم ابن هانئ النيسابوري، روى عنه أبو حفص بن شاهين والمعافى بن زكرياء الجريري وأحمد بن منصور النّوشري وعبد الله بن عثمان الصّفّار، وكان ثقة، مات في سلخ جمادى الآخرة سنة 325، قاله ابن قانع. وبراثا أيضا قال أبو بكر الحافظ: قرية من سواد نهر الملك، منها أحمد بن المبارك بن أحمد أبو بكر البراثي، براثا نهر الملك يعرف بأبي الرّجال، سمع بالبصرة من عليّ بن محمد بن موسى التمّار البصري، سمع منه أبو بكر الخطيب وقال: كتبت عنه في قريته وكان صالحا من أهل القرآن كثير التعبّد، ومات سنة 430.

علب

1 عَلَبَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, O, TA,) inf. n. عَلْبٌ (K, * TA) and عُلُوبٌ, (TA,) He made a mark, or an impression, upon it, (S, O, K, * TA,) accord. to Az, like the mark termed عِلَاب [q. v.]; (TA;) and he marked him, or it, with a hot iron; or scratched him, or it, so as to cause bleeding or not so: (S, O, TA;) and تَعْلِيبٌ [inf. n. of ↓ علّب] likewise signifies the doing thus [i. e. the making a mark &c.]: (S, TA: *) and, as also عَلْبٌ [inf. n. of عَلَبَ], the cutting [a thing], syn. جَزٌّ; (so in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K;) or inciding [it], or notching [it]; syn. حَزٌّ. (K accord. to the TA.) لَا تَعْلُبْ صُورَتَكَ i. e. Make not thou a mark upon thy صورة [here meaning face, as in some other instances,] occurs in a trad., as said to a man upon whose nose was seen a mark [of dust, or an impression,] made by pressing hard upon it in prostration. (O, TA.) A2: عَلَبَ السَّيْفَ, aor. ـُ (S, O, K) and عَلِبَ, (K,) inf. n. عَلْبٌ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ علّبهُ, (O,) inf. n. تَعْلِيبٌ; (O, K;) He bound round the hilt of the sword with the عِلْبَآء

[q. v.] of a camel: (S, O, K:) and in like manner one says of things similar to a sword, (K, TA,) as a knife, and a spear. (TA.) b2: [and عُلِبَ seems to signify sometimes It was tied with, or by, a sinew, or tendon: see a usage of its part. n. voce مَتْنٌ.]

A3: عَلِبَ, [aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. عَلَبٌ, (K, TA,) It (a sword) became broken in its edge. (K, * TA.) A4: And عَلِبَ, [aor. ـَ (S, O, TA,) inf. n. عَلَبٌ, (TA,) said of a camel, He was, or became, affected by a disease in the two sides of his neck; (S, O;) by what is termed ↓ عَلَبٌ, (TA,) which is a disease attacking in the عِلْبَاآنِ, (K, TA,) dual of عِلْبَآء [q. v.], in consequence of which the neck swells, and becomes bent. (TA.) A5: And عَلِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَلَبٌ; and عَلَبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَلْبٌ; It was, or became, hard, or firm; (O, K;) and hard, tough, or coarse: (K:) each, said of flesh, or flesh-meat, and of a plant, has the former meaning: (O:) or the latter verb, said of flesh, or flesh-meat, has that meaning; and the former verb, said of a plant, has the latter meaning: (S:) or the former verb, said of flesh, or flesh-meat, means it was, or became, hard, or firm, and thick, or coarse; and the latter verb also, it was, or became, thick, or coarse, and hard, not soft, or tender. (Suh, TA.) And عَلِبَتْ يَدُهُ His hand was, or became, thick, coarse, or rough. (TA.) [See also 10.]

b2: And عَلِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَلَبٌ; and عَلَبَ, aor. ـُ and ↓ استعلب; said of flesh-meat, It became altered in odour [for the worse], after having been hard, or firm. (K.) 2 عَلَّبَ see 1, former half, in two places.10 استعلب, said of flesh, or flesh-meat, It was, or became, thick, or coarse; not soft, or tender: (O:) or it was, or became, hard, or firm, and thick, or coarse; and likewise said of skin. (L.) [And عَلِبَ and عَلَبَ are similarly explained.] b2: See also, 1, last sentence.

A2: استعلب البَقْلَ He found the herbs, or leguminous plants, to be hard, tough, or coarse. (TA.) And (TA) استعلبت البَقْلَ, said of cattle, They loathed the herbs, or leguminous plants, and found them, or deemed them, thick, or coarse, (O, K, TA,) being withered. (O, TA.) Q. Q. 1 عَلْبَى, said of a man, His عَلَبِىّ [or rather عِلْبَاآنِ, the former being pl., and the latter dual, of عِلْبَآء, q. v.,] became apparent, by reason of old age: (O, K:) or accord. to the T, his عِلْبَآء

became depressed. (TA.) A2: عَلْبَاهُ He cut his عِلْبَآء

[q. v.], (O, K, TA,) i. e., his slave's علباء: (K, TA:) or he perforated his (i. e. his slave's) علباء, (K, TA,) and put into it a string, or thread. (TA.) Q. Q. 3 اِعْلَنْبَى, inf. n. اِعْلِنْبَآءٌ, He (a man) raised himself; or drew, or stretched, himself up; like as is done on the occasion of altercation, (S, O, K,) and of reviling. (S, O.) b2: And hence, (K,) it is said also of a cock, and of a dog, (S, O,) and other than these,. (S, O, TA,) as a cat, meaning He prepared himself for evil, or mischief, (K, TA,) and fighting: (TA:) [or ruffled his feathers,] or bristled up his hair: it is from the عِلْبَآء of the neck, and quasi-coordinate to اِفْعَنْلَلَ, with ى [for the final ل]: (S, O, TA:) and sometimes it is with ء [in the place of the ى]. (TA.) b3: And one says also, اِعْلَنْبَأَ بِالحِمْلِ He rose, or raised himself, with the burden. (TA.) عَلْبٌ A mark, an impression, or a scar, (S, O, K, TA,) of beating, and of burning with a hot iron, &c.; (TA;) or such as is mangled and bleeding: (K in art. حبط:) [an inf. n. used as a subst. properly so termed:] pl. عُلُوبٌ. (S, O.) Tufeyl El-Ghanawee has used لَعْب for عَلْب in this sense. (IAar, TA.) b2: And A rugged place; (S, O, K, TA;) as also ↓ عِلْبٌ: (K, TA:) and ↓ the latter, (O,) or each, (K, TA,) a place, (K,) or a rugged (O, TA) and hard (TA) place of the earth, (O, TA,) which, if rained upon for a long time, will not give growth (O, K, TA) to any green thing: (O, TA:) and ↓ the latter signifies also any rough and hard place of the earth. (O.) b3: And A hard thing; as also ↓ عَلِبٌ; (K;) each applied in this sense to flesh, or flesh-meat; the former being an inf. n. used as an epithet. (O.) عُلْبٌ: see عَلِبٌ: b2: and عُلْبَةٌ, last sentence.

عِلْبٌ: see عَلْبٌ, in three places. b2: Also A place where the سِدْر [rhamnus nabeca, or rhamnus spina Christi, a species of lote-tree,] grows: pl. عُلُوبٌ. (Az, O, K.) [Accord. to Forskål, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cvi.,) علب (thus written by him, and also “ œlb,” app. for عِلْب,) is an appel-lation applied by some in El-Yemen to the tree which he calls Rhamnus nabeca rectus.] b3: and A man such that one should not covet, or hope to get, what he has, (O, K,) whether of words or of other than words. (O.) b4: And one says, إِنَّهُ لَعِلْبُ شَرٍّ Verily he is strong to do evil, or mischief. (TA.) عَلَبٌ A certain disease of camels, expl. above: see 1, latter half.

عَلِبٌ: see عَلْبٌ, last sentence. b2: Also, applied to a he-goat, and to a [lizard of the species-called]

ضَبّ, Advanced in age, and hard, tough, or coarse: (S, O:) and applied to a mountain-goat, (O, K, TA,) in this sense; (TA;) or as meaning advanced in age; (O;) or large, or bulky, (K, TA,) advanced in age; because of his strength; (TA;) and [in the same sense applied to] a ضَبّ, as also ↓ عُلْبٌ: (K:) and applied to a man, as meaning thick, coarse, rough, or rude. (TA.) And A hard, tough, or coarse, plant. (TA.) A2: And A camel having the disease termed عَلَبٌ [q. v.]; as also ↓ أَعْلَبُ. (TA.) عُلْبَةٌ A milking-vessel of skin, (S, O, TA,) or of wood, like a large قَدَح [or bowl]: (TA:) or a large قَدَح of camel's skin, or of wood, into which one milks: (K:) or a bowl into which the she-camel is milked: or a قَدَح of wood, or of skin and wood: or a vessel of skin, in the form of a bowl, with a wooden hoop: Az says, it is a piece of skin taken from the side of a camel's hide while it is fresh; it is made round, and filled with soft sand; then its edges are drawn together, and perforated with a wooden skewer, and it is bound so as to be closed, [thus] contracted, by a cord [passed through the holes made with the skewer], and left until it becomes dry and tough; then its upper part is cut off, and it stands by reason of its dryness, resembling a round bowl, as though it were carved out, or fashioned by the turner; the pastor and the rider suspend it, and milk into it, and drink out of it; and it is convenient to the man of the desert by its lightness, and its not breaking when the camel shakes it about or when it falls to the ground: (TA:) IAar says that this word and جَنْبَةٌ and دَسْمَآءُ and سَمْرَآءُ all signify the same: (O:) the pl. is عُلَبٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِلَابٌ. (S, Msb, K.) A2: Also A tall palm-tree: (O, K:) [see ↓ عُلْبٌ (voce سَاجِدٌ), a coll. gen. n. used as a pl.; or a pl., and, if so, app. a contraction of عُلَبٌ, by poetic license: Sgh, however, adds,] but some say that it is ↓ عَلَبَةٌ [i. e.] بِالتَّحْرِيك. (O.) عِلْبَةٌ A thick knot of wood, (IAar, O, K, TA,) otherwise expl. as a great branch of a tree, (TA,) whereof is made the مِقْطَرَة, (IAar, O, K, TA,) which is a wooden thing having in it holes adapted to the size of the legs of the persons confined [by it, i. e. a kind of stocks]: (TA:) pl. عِلَبٌ. (IAar, O, TA.) A poet says, فِى رِجْلِهِ عِلْبَةٌ خَشْنَآءُ مِنْ قَرَظٍ

[Upon his leg was a rough kind of stocks of the wood of the tree called karadh]. (O, TA.) عَلَبَةٌ: see عُلْبَةٌ, last sentence.

عِلْبَآءٌ [perfectly decl., because the ء is a letter of quasi-coordination, i. e., added to render the word quasi-coordinate to the class of قِرْطَاسٌ and the like,] The عَصَب of the neck; [app. meaning the upper, cervical, tendinous portion of the trapezius muscle;] (S, O, K; [in all of which, mention is made of the علبآء of the camel, to which it seems to be most commonly applied, and also to that of a man;]) it is one of a pair, and between one علبآء and the other is the place of growth of the mane; (S, O;) Az explains it as specially applied to the thick عَصَب; and IAth, as the عَصَب in the neck, extending to the كَاهِل [or part between the two shoulder-blades]: ISd says that it is syn. with عَقَبٌ [q. v.]: (TA:) [it is also said that] it signifies the عَصَبَة [i. e. tendon, or sinew,] that extends in the neck: (Msb:) or the yellow عَصَبَة in the side (صَفْحَة) of the neck; one of a pair: (A:) and the عِلْبَاوَانِ in a man are [said to be] the two yellow tendons or sinews (العَصَبَتَانِ الصَّفْرَاوَانِ) in the مَتْن [or part next the spine, on either side,] of the neck: (Zj in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) [but of all the meanings thus assigned to it, the first seems to be the most proper, or at least the most usual: see Q. Q. 1:] the Arabs used to bind therewith, in the fresh, or moist, state, the أَجْفَان [or sheaths] of their swords, and also their spears when cracked, and it dried upon them, and became strong: (IAth, TA:) the word is masc., (Lh, TA,) or [it is masc. and fem., but] the making it fem. is preferred [though this is contr. to analogy]: (Msb:) the dual is عِلْبَاوَانِ (S, A, O, Msb) and عِلْبَا آنِ; (S, O, Msb, K;) [the former app. the more common, but the latter the more proper;] for the ء [in the sing.] is a letter of quasi-coordination [and therefore properly with tenween]; but if you will, you may liken it to the fem. ء that is in حَمْرَآءُ [of which the dual is more properly حَمْرَاوَانِ], or to the radical ء [or rather the ء that is substituted for the last radical letter] in كِسَآءٌ [of which the dual is more pro-perly كِسَا آنِ]: (S, O:) and the pl. is عَلَابِىُّ. (S, O, K.) You say of a man when he has become advanced in age, تَشَنَّجَ عِلْبَآءُ الرَّجُلِ [The علبآء of the man has become contracted]. (S, O.) b2: The pl. عَلَابِىُّ is expl. in the K as signifying also Lead: and in the S as signifying lead, or a kind thereof: (TA:) El-Kutabee says, “I have been told that العَلَابِىُّ signifies lead; but I am not sure of it: ” and Az says, “I know not any one who has said it, and it is not true; ” (O, TA;) and this is the case: (O:) MF observes that its explanation as signifying lead requires it to be a sing. of a pl. form, or a pl. that has no sing., like أَبَابِيلُ and عَبَادِيدُ: (TA:) in a trad., mention is made of swords of which the ornaments were العلابىّ and الآنُــك; (O, TA;) and the coupling of these two words together has led to the supposition that the former means lead; but there is no evading the fact that it is the pl. of علبَآء meaning the عَصَب of the camel. (TA.) عُلْبُوبَةُ القَوْمِ The best persons of the people, or party. (Sh, O, K.) عِلَابٌ A mark made with a hot iron along the length of the neck [of a camel], (S, O, K,) upon, or over, the عِلْبَآء. (TA.) عَلَابِىُّ pl. of عِلْبَآءٌ [q. v.].

أَعْلَبُ: see عَلِبٌ, last sentence.

مُعْلِبَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

مُعَلَّبٌ A sword having its hilt bound (A, O) with the عِلْبَآء of a camel; (O;) as also ↓ مَعْلُوبٌ. (A.) b2: And مُعَلَّبَةٌ A she-camel (S, K) marked with the mark called عِلَاب; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ مُعْلِبَةٌ. (K.) مُعَلِّبٌ One who makes the kind of vessel called عُلْبَةٌ. (S, O.) مُعَلْبَاةٌ One who has a perforation made in her عِلْبَاوَانِ [dual of عِلْبَآءٌ] with the instrument called مِدْرًى [q. v.]. (O.) مَعْلُوبٌ A conspicuous road (S, O, K, TA) that is marked in its two sides; or marked with the traces of travellers. (TA.) b2: And A sword broken in its edge. (O.) b3: See also مُعَلَّبٌ.

عصب: عصب: قارن ما ذكره لين 2057 في الآخر بما جاء في أخبار (ص152) مع تعليقي عليه.
عصب: المعنى الثاني عشر في معجم فريتاج. ويقال مجازاً: افلت بعد عصب الريق.
عَصَّب (بالتشديد): ضمدَّ أو لأم جرحاً.
(هلو) وفي البكري: عصب جراحه.
عصب عَيْنيهَ: غطى عينيه، غمى عينيه.
(ألف ليلة 1: 35، 77).
عصَّب: كسا البرج وغطاه بقطعة قماش (مملوك 222: 212).
أعصب: فسر شارح ديوان مسلم قولهم معتدل الهوى بقوله: ليس لك أعْصِبْ. ويرى الناشر أن هذا الفعل للتعجب= ليس لك أن يقال أَعْصِبْ بيعقوب أي ليس لك أن يقال ما أشد يعقوب وأقواه. وهذا فيما أرى مشكوك فيه.
تعصبَّ. والمصدر منه تعصُّب: وهي المحاماة عن عصبته وقومه والغضب لهم. (بوشر).
تعصَّب بأو مع: تحزَّب له وانضم إلى حزبه وجماعته، وتحالف. (بوشر).
تعصَّب: دبر مؤامرة. (بوشر).
تعصَّب: تألب. (بوشر).
تعصَّب: اعتنق رأيا، انتمى إلى حزب. (بوشر).
تعصب برأي أحد: تعلق برأيه وارتبط به.
تعصَّب: تآمر على، ائتمر، ويقال: تعصب مع ناس على: دبر مكيدة معهم، تآمر معهم.
(بوشر، ياقوت 1: 521).
اعتصبْ ب: انضم إلى لوائه، اعتنق رأيه، انتمى إلى حزمه. ويقال: اعتصب مع: تحالف مع، وتحزب معه (بوشر).
اعصوصب: يقال اعصوصب على دعوة فلان: أعلنوا أنهم من عصبته ومؤيديه. (تاريخ البربر 1: 27) ويقال: أعصوصب على فلان. تاريخ البربر 1: 87).
اعصوصب بفلان: لم يتضح لي معناها، ففي حيان- بسام (1: 120و): فارتاعت صنهاجة من معسكر المرتضى واعصوصبوا بأميرهم زاوي مسلمين له بالتدبير.
عَصْب أو عُصْب: اسم نبات، وتجمع على عصاب (معجم الادريسي) وانظر ابن البيطار (2: 196) ففيه: هو النبات المسمى باليونانية نوارس، وهذا في مخطوطة أب (2: 563) وفي مخطوطة أب (2: 196): العصب، وكذلك عند ديسقوريدوس 3: 15).
عَصَب: رباط عظم، ويقول صاحب المعجم المنصوري أن هذه الكلمة ليست من فصيح اللغة بهذا المعنى.
وفي معجم فوك: عصب: وتر العضلة، وجمعها أعصاب.
عَصَب: معنى هذه الكلمة في المعجم اللاتيني- العربي محك للعظام، وهذا غريب.
عصِب: أحذف من معجم فريتاج معنى آلة تعذيب. وانظر: فليشر (معجم ص32).
عصبة (عَصْبة أو عِصْبة): رَبْط الجرح بالعِصاب وهو ما يشدّ به منديل أو خرقة. ففي مجمع الأنهر (2: 259) واختلف في عصبة الجراحة بالحرير.
عَصْبة: هي في مصر طرحة من الحرير مربعة الشكل سوداء اللون لها حاشية حمراء وصفراء، وهي تبطن بصورة منحرفة، ثم يلف بها الرأس، وتعقد من الخلف عقدة واحدة. (الملابس ص300). وهي في دمشق= منديل (زيشر 22: 147).
عصبة: نوع من القلانس تلبس عند النوم. (بوشر).
عَصْبة؟: محبة، تعلق، حنان. ففي قصة عنتر (ص6): زادت عصبته لعنتر.
عُصْبَة. وجمعها عُصَب: حزب، جماعة من الناس. زمرة، عصابة، متآمرون، طغمة، تحالف، ائتلاف، اتحاد، مؤامرة. (بوشر).
عصبة الشعب: ثورة الشعب وعصيانه وهيجانه. وثورة الغوغاء. (بوشر).
عَصَبَة: الذين نطلق عليهم كلمة عصبة في الفرائض من ليست لهم فريضة مسماة في الميراث وانما يأخذون ما أبقى ذوو الفروض. وقد ذكرهم فنست في دراسات في الشريعة الإسلامية (ص65).
عَصبة: سلسلة صغيرة تربط بالقرطين وتعلق على الجبهة بصورة تشكل نوعاً من الأكاليل.
(دوماس حياة العرب ص173).
عصبة الساق: ربلة الساق. (همبرت ص5)، ويقال أيضاً: عصبة فقط (هلو) وفيه الجمع أعصاب.
عَصَبَة: شريط، رباط، عِصاب، عصابة. وهي عَصّبة في معجم فريتاج.
عصبي: سريع التأثر والانفعال.
عصبية: لاحظ قولهم: كانت دعوته عصبية المولدين على العرب. (حيان ص11 ق).
عصبان: مصارين تقطع قطعاً صغيرة وتخلط باللحم وتتبل مع الرز والفلفل والملح وكثير من الاباريز والتوابل (دوماس حياة العرب ص252).
عِصاب: منديل يوضع فوق العمامة لتثبيتها (بوشر).
عِصَابة: رباط، ما يشد به من منديل أو خرقة.
عِصَاب. وجمعها في معجم بوشر: عُصَب.
عصابة انظر الملابس (ص300) وزيشر (22: 147). وفي معجم بوشر: عمارة للرأس تتكون من منديل يلف حول الرأس.
عصابة الطاقية: القسم الأعلى المدور المقبب منها. والقسم الأعلى منها الذي لا يمس الرأس.
(الملابس ص282). عصابة: راية من الحرير مزركشة بالذهب تحمل خلف السلطان تعلوها خصلة من الشعر وكانت شارة السلطنة. (مملوك 1، 1: 135، 192، 227، د 228، 250، دي ساسي طرائف 2: 268 (وقد ترجمت ترجمة سيئة، المقدمة 2: 46).
عِصَابة: عند اليهود قدة من جلد كتب عليها آيات من التوراة تجعل على الجبهة أو المصدر أو العنق أو اليد علامة للتقوى والديانة، وربما اتخذوها عوذة. (محيط المحيط).
عصَابية- دهماوية (بوشر).
عَصَاب: هو بالمغرب نبات اسمه العلمي. Lipidium Latifolium ففي المستعيني: شيطرج: وهو العَصَّاب (والشدة بالمخطوطتين) وفي معجم المنصوري مادة شيطرج: وأكثر المتأخرين على إنه المسمى بالمغرب العَصَّاب (وضبط الكلمة في في المخطوطة) وفي ابن البيطار مادة شيطرج هو العصاب بالبربرية، وفيه بعد ذلك (2: 196) (ولم يذكر سونثمير هذه المادة): عُصاب هو الشيطرج بالبربرية. وضبط الكلمة هذا في مخطوطة ب.
تعْصيب: قوة الأعصاب (الكالا).
معَصَّب: عصبي، سريع التأثر والانفعال (فوك، الكالا).

عصب

1 عَصَبَ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَصْبٌ, (S, A, Mgh, O, K,) He twisted [a thing], or wound [it] round: (A, K, TA:) this is the primary signification: (TA:) and he folded [it]; (A, K;) or he folded [it] tightly: (S, O, TA:) and he bound [it], or tied [it]: (A, Mgh, K, TA:) عَصْبٌ denotes the binding, or tying, a thing with another thing, lengthwise, or [more commonly] around. (O.) See also 2, first sentence. [And see مَعْصُوبٌ.] b2: He twisted, or spun, thread. (K, * TA.) And He put together thread, and bound it, previously to dyeing it. (TA.) b3: عَصَبَ الكَبْشَ, (S, O, Msb, K, *] aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (S, Msb, K,) He bound, or tied, (tightly, TA) the testicles of the ram, in order that they might fall, without his extracting them: (S, O, Msb, K:) and in like manner one says of a goat, (K,) and of other beasts. (TA.) b4: عَصَبَ النَّاقَةَ, (O, Msb, K, *) aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (Msb, K, TA,) and عِصَابٌ also; (TA;) and ↓ اعتصبها; (O, K;) He bound the thighs of the she-camel, (Msb, K, TA,) or the lower parts of her nostrils, (TA,) with a cord, (Msb, TA,) in order that she might yield her milk copiously: (Msb, K, TA:) and (O) عَصَبَ فَخِذَ النَّاقَةِ [He bound the thigh of the she-camel] for that purpose. (S, O.) [See عَصُوبٌ.] Hence one says, أَعْطَى عَلَى العَصْبِ (tropical:) He gave by means of force. (TA.) And مِثْلِى لَا يَدِرُّ بِالعِصَابِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one as I am will not give by means of force. (A, TA.) b5: عَصَبَتْ فَرْجَهَا She (a woman) bound her vulva with a bandage. (Msb.) b6: عَصَبَ الشَّجَرَةَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَصْبٌ, (K,) He drew together the branches of the tree (S, O, K, TA) that were straggling, (K, TA,) by means of a rope, (TA,) and then beat it, (S, O, K, TA,) in order that its leaves might fall. (S, O, TA.) [Golius assigns this signification also to عَصَّبَ, as on the authority of the S, in which I do not find it.] El-Hajjáj said, (S, TA,) when preaching to the people at El-Koofeh, (TA,) لَأَعْصِبَنَّكُمْ عَصْبَ السَّلَمِ (S) or السَّلَمَةِ (TA) [I will assuredly draw you together and beat you as one does the selem or the selemeh]. The سَلَمَة is a tree of the kind called عِضَاه, having thorns, and its leaves are the قَرَظ with which hides are tanned: [but see قَرَظٌ:] the removal of the leaves with the hand being difficult on account of the many thorns, its branches are drawn together and bound tightly with a rope; then the beater pulls them towards him, and beats them with his staff; whereupon the leaves become scattered for the cattle and for him who desires to gather them. (TA.) Or this is done, (S, O, TA,) accord. to A 'Obeyd, (S, O,) only (TA) when they desire to cut down the selemeh, that they may get at the stock. (S, O, TA.) [Hence,] one says, فُلَانٌ لَا تُعْصَبُ سَلَمَاتُهُ [Such a one will not have his selemehs bound round with a rope, and beaten]: a prov., applied to a strong, mighty man, not to be subdued nor abased. (A, * TA.) And one says also of winds, تَعْصِبُ الشَّجَرَ عِنْدَ دُرُوجِهَا فِيهِ (assumed tropical:) [They compress the branches of the trees, as though they bound them round, in their passage among them]: and such winds are termed ↓ عَصَائِبُ. (O.) And عَصَبَ القَوْمَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَصْبٌ, (assumed tropical:) It (an affair, or event,) drew the people together, and became severe to them. (Az, TA.) b7: عَصَبَ صَدْعَ الزُجَاجَةِ بِضَبَّةٍ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ He (a smith) repaired the crack of the glass vessel by putting round it a band of silver. (O, TA.) b8: عَصَبَ بِرَأْسِ قَوْمِهِ العَارَ (assumed tropical:) He made disgrace to befall his people [as though he bound it upon the head of their chief or upon the head of each of them]. (O.) It is related in a trad. respecting the battle of Bedr, that 'Otbeh the son of Rabee'ah said, اِرْجِعُوا وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوا وَاعْصِبُوهَا بِرَأْسِى (assumed tropical:) [Return ye, and fight not; and bind it upon my head]; meaning attach and attribute to me the disgrace that will befall you for relinquishing the battle and inclining to peace. (IAth, TA.) And it is said in another trad., قُومُوا بِمَا عَصَبَكُمْ بِهِ (assumed tropical:) Fulfil ye the obligations with which He (meaning God) has bound you; or which He has imposed upon you and attached to you; by his commands and prohibitions. (TA.) b9: عَصَبَ الشَّىْءَ and عَلَى

الشَّىْءِ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَصْبٌ and عِصَابٌ, He grasped the thing with his hand. (K, * TA.) A poet, cited by IAar, says, وَكُنَّا يَا قُرَيْشُ إِذَا عَصَبْنَا يَجِىْءُ عِصَابُنَا بِدَمٍ عَبِيطِ [And we were, O Kureysh, when we grasped our opponents, such that our grasping brought fresh blood]; عِصَابُنَا meaning our grasping those whom we opposed with the swords. (TA.) b10: and عَصَبَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَصْبٌ, He clung, or kept, to a thing. (K.) One says, عَصَبَ المَآءَ He kept to, or by, the water. (IAar, TA.) And عَصَبَ الرَّجُلُ بَيْتَهُ The man remained, or stayed, in his house, or tent, not quitting it. (O, TA.) b11: And He went round, encompassed, or surrounded, a thing. (K.) It is said in a trad., of the angel Gabriel, on the day of Bedr, قَدْ عَصَبَ رَأْسَهُ الغُبَارُ The dust had overspread, [or surrounded,] and clung to, his head: or, as some relate it, قَدْ عَصَمَ ثَنِيَّتَيْهِ الغُبَارُ; and if this be not a mistake, the latter verb is syn. with the former: ب and م being often interchangeable: (L, TA:) the latter phrase means, as also with عَصَبَ, the dust had stuck to his two central incisors. (TA in art. عصم.) And Ibn Ahmar says, إِذْ عَصَبَ النَّاسَ شَمَالٌ وَقُرٌ [وَقُرْ being for وَقُرٌّ] i. e. When north wind and cold environ me. (L, TA.) And one says also, عَصَبَ الغُبَارُ بِالجَبَلِ The dust encompassed, or surrounded, the mountain. (L, TA.) And عَصَبُوا بِهِ They encompassed, or surrounded, him: (S, A, Mgh, O, TA:) and they encompassed, or surrounded, him, looking at him: (S, O:) and, (Msb, K,) as also عَصِبُوا, (K,) aor. of the former عَصِبَ, (Msb, K,) and inf. n. عَصْبٌ, (Msb,) and aor. of the latter عَصَبَ, (K,) they assembled around him (Msb, K) for fight or defence. (Msb. For another explanation of عَصَبَ and عَصِبَ, see 12.) And عَصَبَ القَوْمُ بِالنَّسَبِ i. q. أَحَاطُوا بِهِ [app. meaning The people, or party, included, or comprehended, the relations, or kinsmen; for النَّسَبُ is often used for ذَوُو النَّسَبِ]. (Msb.) and عَصَبَتِ الإِبِلُ بِالمَآءِ The camels surrounded, or encircled, the water. (S, O.) b12: عَصَبَ الرِّيقُ بِفِيهِ, (S, O, K, * TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَصْبٌ; (K, TA;) and عَصِبَ, aor. ـَ (TA;) The saliva became dry in his mouth. (S, O, K, * TA.) And عَصَبَ الرِّيقُ فَاهُ (S, O, TA) The saliva by its drying made his mouth dry: and the saliva adhered to his mouth. (TA.) Aboo-Mohammad El-Fak'asee says, يَعْصِبُ فَاهُ الرِّيقُ أَىَّ عَصْبِ عَصْبَ الجُبَابِ بِشَفَاهِ الوَطْبِ

[The saliva makes his mouth dry, with what a drying ! as the drying of the spume of camels' milk on the lips of the skin]. (S, O.) and عَصَبَ فُوهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَصْبٌ, His mouth, with his saliva, became dry. (O.) And عَصَبَ الفَمُ, (K, * TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَصْبٌ and عُصُوبٌ, meaning [The mouth, or teeth, (the latter accord. to the explanation in the K,)] became foul, or dirty, from dust and the like, (K, TA,) as from vehement thirst, or fear. (TA.) b13: عَصَبَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عُصُوبٌ, He was, or became, [hungry; or] very hungry; or his bowels were almost dried up with hunger: because it is said of the practice of a hungry man's binding round his belly, as expl. voce مَعْصُوبٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) b14: عَصَبَ الأُفُقُ The horizon became red. (S, O. [In Freytag's Lex. عَصِبَ, as from the K, in which I do not find it. See عَصْبٌ.]) A2: عَصِبَ, (S, O, K,) with kesr, (S, O,) like فَرِحَ, (K,) said of flesh, or flesh-meat, It had many عَصَبَ [i. e. sinews, or tendons]. (S, O, K.) b2: And عَصِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَصْبٌ, [so in the TA, and so in a verse there cited, not عَصَبٌ,] He was, or became, firm and compact in flesh. (TA.) b3: [Other meanings of this verb have been mentioned above.]2 عصّب, (S, A, O, &c.,) inf. n. تَعْصِيبٌ, (S, A, O,) [He bound, or wound round, a thing with several circumvolutions:] he bound [or wound round] a man's head with a turban, fillet, bandage, or the like; (S, * O, * Msb, K, * TA;) as also ↓ عَصَبَ, inf. n. عَصْبٌ: (MA:) and he bound a broken limb, or a wound, with a piece of rag or a bandage. (L, TA.) He turbaned a man; attired him with a turban. (A, TA.) b2: Hence, (A, O,) تَعْصِيبٌ signifies (tropical:) [The crowning a man: (see the pass. part. n.:)] the making a man a chief: (A, O, K, TA:) for turbans are the crowns of the Arabs: (O:) when a man's people made him a chief, they bound his head with a turban: (A, TA:) as kings wore crowns, so the chiefs of the Arabs wore red turbans: (L, TA:) there were brought to the desert, from Haráh (هَرَاة), red turbans, which the nobles among the Arabs wore. (Az, TA.) b3: [Hence also,] عصّبهُ بِالسَّيْفِ i. q. عَمَّمَهُ بِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He cut, or wounded, him in the place of the turban, with the sword]. (A, TA.) b4: And عصّبهُ, inf. n. as above, He, or it, [caused him to bind his waist by reason of hunger: (see the pass. part. n.:) and hence,] made him to hunger: (K:) and عَصَّبَتْهُمُ السِّنُونَ The years of drought, or sterility, made them to hunger: (TA:) or عصّبتهُ السِّنُونَ The years of drought, or sterility, ate up his property, or cattle. (A 'Obeyd, S, O.) And It [i. e. drought or the like] destroyed him: (K:) and عصّب الدَّهْرُ مَالَهُ Adverse fortune destroyed his cattle, or camels &c. (TA.) b5: And He called him مُعَصَّب [meaning poor]: so says IAar; and he cites as an ex., يُدْعَى المُعَصَّبَ مَنْ قَلَّتْ حَلُوبَتُهُ وَهَلْ يُعَصَّبُ مَاضِى الهَمِّ مِقْدَامُ [He is called the poor, whose milch-cattle have become few: but should one whose purpose is effectual, one of great boldness, be called poor?]. (TA.) b6: الذَّكَرُ يُعَصِّبُ الأُنْثَى means The male makes the female to be such as is termed عَصَبَةٌ [by his being consociated with her as such]. (Mgh.) 4 أَعْصَبَ see 12. b2: [Golius explains this v. as meaning “ Firmiter religavit: ” or, as a trans. v. governing an accus., “constringi jussit: ” as on the authority of the S, in which I do not find it in any sense.]5 تعصّب i. q. شَدَّ العِصَابَةَ [i. e. He bound the turban, or fillet, round his (own) head; a meaning well known, whence that explained in the next sentence: (see also 8:) and he bound a bandage of some kind round his (own) body, by reason of hunger: see مُعَصَّبٌ]. (S, O, Msb, * K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) He was made a chief; quasi-pass. of 2 [q. v.]. (L, TA.) b3: And it has also another signification, from العَصَبِيَّة; (S, O;) [i. e.] it signifies also أَتَى بِالعَصَبِيَّةِ; (K, TA;) which means [He aided his people, or party, against hostile conduct: or he was angry, or zealous, for the sake of his party, and defended them: (see عَصَبِىٌّ and عَصَبِيَّةٌ:) or] he invited, or summoned, others to the aid of his party, and to combine, or league, with them against those who acted towards them with hostility, whether they were wrongdoers or wronged. (TA.) And you say, تَعَصَّبُوا عَلَيْهِمْ They leagued, or collected themselves, together against them: and تَعَصَّبْنَا لَهُ, and مَعَهُ, We [leagued together for him, and with him, and] defended him. (TA.) [See also De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., see. ed., i. 445-6; where it is shown that التَّعَصُّبُ in religion means The being zealous, or a zealot: and see Har pp.423 and 573.] b4: And تعصّب بِالشَّىْءِ He was, or became, content with the thing; as also ↓ اعتصب.

بِهِ. (K.) 7 انعصب i. q. اِشْتَدَّ [app. meaning, as seems to be indicated by the context (both before and after) in the S, It was, or became, hard, firm, or strong]. (S, O, K.) 8 اعتصب بِالعِمَامَةِ [He attired himself, or surrounded his head, with the turban], and بِالتَّاجِ [with the crown]. (S, O.) And اعتصب التَّاجَ عَلَى

رَأْسِهِ He encircled his [own] head with the crown. (Az, TA.) b2: اعتصب النَّاقَةَ: see 1, in the middle of the first quarter. b3: اعتصبوا They became formed, or collected, into companies such as those whereof one is called عُصْبَة: (K:) or, into one of such companies. (M, L, TA.) [See also 12.] b4: اعتصب بِهِ: see 5, last sentence.12 اِعْصَوْصَبَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, collected themselves together: (TA:) or did so, and became companies such as are called عَصَائِب, (S, O, TA,) and became one of such companies: [see also 8; and see عُصْبَةٌ:] and in like manner, [did so, and] strove, or exerted themselves, in journeying, or pace. (TA.) And اعصوصبت الإِبِلُ The camels strove, or exerted themselves, in journeying, or pace; as also ↓ اعصبت: and collected themselves together; (K;) [and] so ↓ عَصَبَت and ↓ عَصِبَت: (Fr, S, O:) or collected themselves together so as to become one عِصَابَة, and strove, or exerted themselves, in journeying, or pace. (TA.) b2: اعصوصب is also said of a day, [app. in relation to heat,] meaning It was, or became, vehement, or severe: (S, O:) and of evil, meaning it was, or became, vehement, or severe, (K, TA,) and concentrated. (TA.) عَصْبٌ: see عِصَابَةٌ, in two places. b2: And see also عُصْبٌ. b3: Also A particular sort of the garments called بُرُود, (S, A, Mgh, O, K,) of the fabric of El-Yemen; (S, Mgh, O;) a بُرْد of which the yarn is dyed, and then woven; (Msb;) or of which the yarn is put together and bound, then dyed, and then woven; (A, Mgh, TA; *) not of the sort called بُرُودُ الرَّقْمِ: (TA:) it has no pl., (Nh, Msb, TA,) nor dual: (Msb:) you say بُرْدُ عَصْبٍ (Nh, Mgh, TA) and بُرُودُ عَصْبٍ (Nh, Mgh, Msb, TA) and يُرْدَا عَصْبٍ, (Msb,) and also يُرْدٌ عَصْبٌ and بُرُودٌ عَصْبٌ, (Nh, TA,) and ثَوْبٌ, عَصْبٌ, (Msb,) and أَرْدِيَةُ العَصْبِ; (A, TA;) and sometimes they say عَصْبٌ alone, the بُرْد being known by this name: (TA:) or garments of the kind called بُرُود, of the fabric of El-Yemen, the yarn of which is put together and bound, and then dyed, and woven, so that they become partycoloured, because what has been bound thereof remains white, the dye not having taken it; and such garments a woman in the period termed عِدَّة [q. v.] is allowed to wear, but not garments that are [wholly] dyed: or striped garments of the kind called بُرُود: and what is forbidden in that case is a garment that has been dyed after it has been woven; or what are forbidden are the عَصْب of El-Yemen, which are said to have been dyed with urine; so in the L &c.: (TA:) or, accord. to Sub, garments of the kind called بُرُود of the fabric of El-Yemen; so called because they are dyed with عَصْب, which grows only in El-Yemen; [he says that العَصْبُ is a certain dyed that does not grow but in El-Yemen; (Msb;)] but in this he opposes the generality of authorities; for they agree in stating that the garments in question are thus called from العَصْبُ, “the act of binding,” because the yarn is bound in order that the dye may not pervade the whole of the بُرْد. (MF, TA.) b4: Hence, (assumed tropical:) Clouds like such as are termed لَطْخ [q. v.]: (S, O:) or red clouds or mist (K, TA) seen in the western horizon (TA) in a time of drought, or sterility; as also ↓ عِصَابَةٌ, (K, TA,) pl. عَصَائِبُ. (TA.) A2: In a trad., mention occurs of a necklace made of عَصْب: ElKhattábee says, if it do not mean the garments of El-Yemen, I know not what it is; yet I see not how a necklace can be made of these: Aboo-Moosà thinks it may be عَصَب, meaning the tendons of joints, as they may have taken the tendons of certain clean animals, and cut them in pieces, and made them like beads, and, when dry, made neck laces of them; but he adds his having been told by some of the people of El-Yemen that عَصْبٌ is the name of A certain beast of the sea, or of the great river, called also فَرَسُ فِرْعَوْنَ [i. e. Pharaoh's horse, perhaps meaning the hippopotamus], of which [meaning of the teeth or bones of which] beads and other things, as the handles of knives &c., are made, and which is white. (L, TA.) A3: And Saliva that sticks and dries in the mouth: whence the saying, لَفَظَ فُلَانٌ عَصْبَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Such a one died. (T and TA in art. لفظ.) A4: And A light, or an active, and sharp-headed, boy, or young man; (IAar, TA;) [and] so عَضْبٌ. (IAar, TA in art. عضب.) عُصْبٌ and ↓ عَصْبٌ and ↓ عَصَبٌ (K, TA) Certain trees that twine round other trees, having weak leaves; (TA;) the kind of tree called لَبْلَاب [dolichos lablab of Linn.]; (K;) said by Sh to be a kind of plant that twines round trees, i. q. لَبْلَابٌ: [coll. gen. ns.:] the ns. un. are عُصْبَةٌ and عَصْبَةٌ and عَصَبَةٌ: (TA:) accord. to Abu-lJarráh, (O, TA,) عَصْبَةٌ signifies a certain thing [app. meaning plant] that twines about a قَنَادَة [or tragacanth], (O, K, TA,) thus, correctly, in many copies of the K, but in some فَتَاة, and in some قَنَاة, both of which are wrong, though some assert the latter to be correct, (TA,) not to be pulled off from it but with an effort: (O, K, TA:) [see عِطْفَةٌ:] one says of a man strong in struggling for the mastery, قَتَادَةٌ لُوِيَتْ بِعُصْبَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [A tragacanth twined about by a lebláb; the strong man being app. likened to a tragacanth, and his antagonist to a lebláb]: (TA:) and in a trad. of Ez-Zubeyr Ibn-El-'Owwám, he is related to have said, عَلِقْتُهُمْ إِنِّى خُلِقْتُ عُصْبَهْ قَتَادَةً تَعَلَّقَتْ بِنُشْبَهْ (O, TA:) he puts عصبه for علقه, [evidently, I think, a mistranscription for عَلِقًا, (see نُشْبَةٌ, in its proper art., for a confirmation,)] the meaning being خلقت علقة لخصومى [in which for علقة I read عَلِقًا]; then he likens himself to a tragacanth in respect of his excessive tenaciousness; for بنشبه means “ by the help of a thing of great tenaciousness: ” [or نشبه may be here an inf. n., i. e. of نَشِبَ: the meaning of the verse may therefore be, I clung to them: verily I have been created a grasper, and a tragacanth that has clung by means of a strong holdfast, or that has clung with great tenaciousness:] (TA:) Sh explains عُصْبَة (O, TA) with damm on the authority of Ed-Deenawaree [i. e. AHn], and عَصْبَة with fet-h on the authority of AA, (O,) as meaning a certain plant that twines about a tree, and is called لَبْلَاب; and نُشْبَة as meaning a man who, when he sports with a thing (عَبِثَ بِشَىْءٍ [but probably the right reading is شَبِثَ بشىء or تَشَبَّثَ i. e. clings to a thing]), hardly, or never, quits it. (O, TA.) عَصَبٌ [The sinews, or tendons; though the following explanation seems rather to denote the ligaments;] the أَطْنَاب of the joints, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) which connect and bind together the structure thereof, in man and in others, such as the ox-kind, and sheep or goats, and gazelles, and ostriches; so says AHn; (TA;) i. q. عَقَبٌ: (S and K &c. in art. عقب:) or such as are yellow of the اطناب (Mgh, Msb) of the joints; the عَقَب being the white: (Mgh:) [it is also used as meaning ligaments: (see an ex. of its n. un. in an explanation of الصَّدَفَتَانِ, voce صَدَفٌ:) and sometimes it means nerves: (see a usage of its pl. voce صَرْعٌ:) it is a coll. gen. n.:] the n. un. is with ة: (S, O, TA:) and the pl. is أَعْصَابٌ. (S, Mgh, O, Msb.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The best (in a pl. sense) of a people or party. (K.) b3: See also عُصْبٌ.

عَصِبٌ Flesh, or flesh-meat, having many عَصَب [i. e. sinews, or tendons]. (TA.) عَصْبَةٌ n. un. of عَصْبٌ as syn. with عُصْبٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) عُصْبَةٌ n. un. of عُصْبٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: and A party, or company, of men (Az, S, O, Msb) who league together to defend one another; (O; [See also عَصَبَةٌ;]) in number from ten to forty; (Az, S, O, Msb;) or, about ten: (IF, Msb:) or accord. to Akh, a company [of men]; as also ↓ عِصَابَةٌ; having no sing.: (O:) or ↓ the latter, (S, O, Msb,) or each, (K,) signifies a company, or an assemblage, of men, and of horses, (S, O, Msb, K,) or of horses with their riders, (TA,) and of birds, (S, O, Msb, K,) and of other things, (TA,) in number from ten to forty, (K, TA,) or the former from three to ten, or consisting of forty, or of seventy, but said to be originally applied to an unlimited number: its pl. is عُصَبٌ: (IAth, Msb, TA:) and the pl. of ↓ عِصَابَةٌ is عَصَائِبُ. (S, O, Msb, TA.) It is said in a trad. of 'Alee that the أَبْدَال are in Syria; and the نُجَبَآء, in Egypt; and the ↓ عَصَائِب, in El-'Irák; meaning, by the last, Companies assembled for wars: or a company of devotees, because coupled with the ابدال and the نجباء. (TA.) عِصْبَةٌ A mode, or manner, of binding, or winding round, one's head with a turban or the like. (L, TA.) عَصَبَةٌ n. un. of عَصَبٌ. (S, &c. [See the latter word in the paragraph headed by it and also voce عُصْبٌ.]) b2: Also A man's people, or party, who league together for his defence: (K, TA: [see also عُصْبَةٌ:]) thus accord. to the leading lexicologists. (TA.) b3: And The heirs of a man who has left neither parent nor offspring: and [particularly], with respect to the [portions of inheritances termed] فَرَائِض [pl. of فَرِيضَةٌ q. v.], all such as have not a فَرِيضَة named, and who receive if there remain anything after [the distribution of] the فَرَائِض: (K, TA:) thus accord. to those who treat of the فرائض, and accord. to the [other] lawyers: (TA:) or the relations by the side of the males: this is the meaning of what is said by the leading lexicologists: (Msb:) or, as is said by Az, a man's heirs consisting of male relations: (Msb, TA:) or his sons, and relations on the father's side: (S:) so called because they encompass him; the father being a طَرَف [i. e. an extremity in the right line], and so the son, and the paternal uncle being a جَانِب [i. e. a collateral relation], and so the brother: (Az, S, TA:) or a man's relations on the father's side; (Mgh, TA;) because they encompass him and he is strengthened by them: (TA:) afterwards it became applied to a single person as well as to a pl. number, and both a male and a female: (Mgh:) or the lawyers apply it to a single person when there is no other than he, because he stands in the place of the collective number in receiving the whole of the property; and in the language of the law it is applied to a female in certain cases relating to emancipation and inheritances, but not otherwise either in the proper language or in the language of the law: (Msb:) and ↓ عُصُوبَةٌ is used as its inf. n. [meaning the state of being persons, or a person, to whom the term عَصَبَةٌ is applied]: (Mgh:) it is said [by Az] in the T, “I have not heard any sing. of عَصَبَةٌ: accord. to analogy it should be عَاصِبٌ, like as طَالِبٌ is sing. of طَلَبَةٌ: ” (TA: [and the like is also said in the Mgh: in the Msb it is said that عَصَبَةٌ is pl. of عَاصِبٌ, like as كَفَرَةٌ is pl. of كَافِرٌ:]) the pl. is عَصَبَاتٌ. (Az, S, TA.) عَصَبِىٌّ One who aids his people, or party, against hostile conduct: or who is angry [or zealous] for the sake of his party, and defends them: [or one who invites others to the aid of his party, or to combine, or league, with them against those who act towards them with hostility, whether they be wrongdoers or wronged: or one who leagues with others: or one who defends others: or a partisan; a person of party-spirit; or one zealous in the cause of a party: (see 5, and see the paragraph next following this:)] occurring in a trad. (TA.) عَصَبِيَّةٌ [The quality of him who is termed عَصَبِىٌّ: i. e., of him who aids his people, or party, against hostile conduct: or of him who is angry, or zealous, for the sake of his party, and defends them: or of him who invites others to the aid of his party, and to combine, or league, with them against those who act towards them with hostility, whether they be wrongdoers or wronged: or of him who leagues with others: or of him who defends others: or partisanship; party-spirit; or zeal in the cause of a party: or (as expl. by De Sacy, Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., i. 411,) a strong attachment, which holds several persons closely united by the same interest or the same opinion: see 5, and see the paragraph next preceding this]. (S, K, TA.) عِصَابٌ A cord with which the thigh of a she-camel is bound in order that she may yield her milk copiously. (S.) b2: See also عِصَابَةٌ, in two places.

عَصُوبٌ A she-camel that will not yield her milk copiously unless her thigh, (S, O,) or thighs, (A, K,) be bound with a cord: (S, A, O, K:) or unless the lower parts of her nostrils be bound with a cord, and she be then urged to rise, and not loosed until she is milked. (Az, TA.) b2: And A woman having little flesh in her posteriors and thighs: or light in the hips, or haunches. (Kr, K.) عَصِيبٌ Lights [of an animal] bound round with guts, and then roasted, or broiled: (S, O, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَعْصِبَةٌ (K) and [of mult.] عُصُبٌ. (S, O, K.) And Such as are twisted, of the guts of a sheep or goat. (TA.) And its pl. عُصُبٌ, Guts of a sheep or goat, folded, and put together, and then put into one of the winding guts of the belly. (L, TA.) A2: Also, and ↓ عَصَبْصَبٌ A vehement, or severe, day: (Fr, S, O, K:) or a vehemently-hot day: (Fr, K:) and the former is in like manner applied to a night (لَيْلَة), without ة: (TA:) and ↓ the latter signifies also a cold, and very cloudy, day, in which nothing is seen of the sky. (Abu-l- 'Alà, L, TA.) عِصَابَةٌ A thing with which another thing is bound, or wound round; as also ↓ عِصَابٌ (K, TA) and ↓ عَصْبٌ: (L, TA:) or a thing with which the head is bound, or wound round: (S, A, Mgh, O, TA;) and ↓ عِصَابٌ signifies a thing with which a thing other than the head is bound, or wound round; (A, TA;) anything, such as a piece of rag, or a fillet, or bandage, with which a broken limb, or a wound, is bound, is termed thus, i. e. عِصَابٌ: (L, TA:) and عِصَابَةٌ signifies also a turban; syn. عِمَامَةٌ: (A, Mgh, Msb, K, TA:) or this [in the TA by mistake written عمامة] signifies a small thing that serves as a covering for the head, [such as a kerchief or a fillet,] being wound round it; and what is larger is termed عِمَامَةٌ: ('Ináyeh of Esh-Shiháb, MF, TA:) or whatever is bound, or wound, round the head, whether it be a turban or a kerchief or a piece of rag: (TA, from an explanation of a trad.:) and ↓ عَصْبٌ [likewise] signifies a turban, and anything with which the head is bound, or wound round: (S, O:) the pl. of عِصَابَةٌ is عَصَائِبُ. (Mgh, TA.) El-Farezdak says, وَرَكْبٌ كَأَنَّ الرِّيحَ تَطْلُبُ مِنْهُمُ لَهَا سَلَبًا مِنْ جَذْبِهَا بِالعَصَائِبِ [And a company of riders in such a state that it seemed as though the wind desired to take for itself spoil from them, by its dragging away the turbans]: he means that the wind untwisted their turbans by its violence, as though it despoiled them thereof. (TA.) b2: And [hence] (assumed tropical:) A crown. (A, TA.) b3: See also عَصْبٌ, latter half. b4: and see عُصْبَةٌ, in four places. b5: And for the pl. applied to winds, see 1, former half.

عُصُوبَةٌ: see عَصَبَةٌ, near the end.

عَصَبْصَبٌ: see عَصِيبٌ, in two places.

عَصَّابٌ A vender, or spinner, of thread, or yarn; syn. غَزَّالٌ. (AA, S, O.) فُوهُ عَاصِبٌ His mouth is dry from the drying up of the saliva: and رَجُلٌ عَاصِبٌ A man in whose mouth the saliva has dried up. (TA.) مُعَصَّبُ, (S, O, TA,) accord. to the author of the K ↓ مُعَصِّبٌ, like مَحَدِّثٌ, in all its senses there explained, but accord. to others like مُعَظَّمٌ, (TA,) One having his waist bound round in consequence of hunger; (S, O;) one who binds round his body (يَتَعَصَّبُ) with pieces of a garment or of cloth, by reason of hunger; (K, TA;) one who, in consequence of leanness occasioned by hunger, binds round his belly with a stone [placed under the bandage: see مَعْصُوبٌ]: (TA:) or, accord. to A 'Obeyd, one whose property, or cattle, years of drought, or sterility, have eaten up: (S, O:) [or] it signifies also a poor man. (K, TA.) b2: And Turbaned; attired with a turban; (O, L, TA;) [as also ↓ مُعْتَصِبٌ.] b3: And [hence] (assumed tropical:) A chief; (K;) one made a chief. (Az, L, TA. [See 2.]) b4: And [hence] (assumed tropical:) Crowned: (O:) or a crowned king; as also ↓ مُعْتَصِبٌ: (A, TA:) because the crown encircles the head like a turban. (Az, TA.) مُعَصِّبٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مَعْصُوبٌ [Twisted, or wound round: and folded, or folded tightly: and bound, or tied: see 1, first sentence. b2: And hence,] (assumed tropical:) Firm, or strong, in the compacture of the flesh. (S, O,) You say رَجُلٌ مَعْصُوبُ الخَلْقِ (assumed tropical:) [A man firm, or compact, in respect of make]; (S, A, O;) strongly, or firmly, knit, or compacted; not flabby in flesh. (TA.) And جَارِيَةٌ مَعْصُوبَةٌ, meaning حَسَنَةُ العَصْبِ i. e. مَجْدُولَةُ الخَلْقِ (assumed tropical:) [A girl, or young woman, goodly in respect of compacture; well compacted in respect of make]. (S, O.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A slender, or an elegant, sword. (K.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) Hungry, having his belly bound round: (A:) or [simply] hungry; in the dial. of Hudheyl: (S, O:) or very hungry: (K:) or one whose bowels are almost dried up by hunger: an epithet said to be applied to a hungry man because he binds round his belly with a stone [within the bandage] on account of his hunger: it is said to have been the custom of any hungry man, among the Arabs, to bind his belly with a bandage, under which he sometimes put a stone. (TA.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) A letter (كِتَابٌ); thus called because bound round with a thread, or string: so in the saying, وَرَدَ عَلَىَّ مَعْصُوبٌ [A letter came to me]. (A, TA.) مُعْتَصِبٌ: see مُعَصَّبٌ, in two places.

رَجُلٌ يَعْصُوبٌ, A strong, or sturdy, man. (TA.)

مهد

1 مَهَدَ, (S, L, K,) aor. ـَ (L, K,) inf. n. مَهْدٌ [q. v. infra]; (S, L;) and ↓ مهّد, (L, K,) inf. n. تَمْهِيدٌ; (TA;) He made plain, even, or smooth, this is the original signification: he made a place plain, even, or smooth, [مَكَانًا being understood,] لِنَفْسِهِ for himself: (L:) he spread a bed, (S, L, K,) and made it plain, even, or smooth. (S, L.) b2: مَهَدَ لَهُ (assumed tropical:) He did well, or kindly, in his affair in his absence; like فَهَدَ and فَأَدَ. (L, art. فهد.) b3: مَهَدَ, aor. ـَ (inf. n. مَهْدٌ, L,) He gained, or earned, or sought to gain sustenance, and worked, (L, K,) لِنَفْسِهِ for himself. (L.) b4: مَهَدَ لِنَفْسِهِ خَيْرًا, and ↓ امتهدهُ, (tropical:) He prepared for himself good, good things, or the like. (L.) b5: لَهُ مَنْزِلَةً سَنِيَّةً ↓ مهّد (tropical:) [He prepared, or established, for him a high station]. (A.) b6: فُلَانٌ عِنْدِى يَدًا ↓ مَا امْتَهَدَ (tropical:) [Such a one has not prepared for himself, with me, a benefit, for me to owe it him]: you say this when one has not conferred upon you a favour or kindness. (Az, L.) And فُلَانٌ عِنْدِى ↓ مَا امْتَهَدَ مَهْدَ ذَاكَ (tropical:) [Such a one has not prepared for himself, with me, that thing, that I should owe it him]; is said on one's asking a kindness without having previously conferred a benefit; (Az, JK, L;) and with reference to one who acts in an evil manner, when asking a kindness, or when a kindness is asked for him. (Az, L.) 2 مهّد, inf. n. تَمْهِيدٌ, (tropical:) He adjusted, or arranged, an affair, (S, A, L, Msb, K,) and made it plain, (A, Msb,) and easy. (Msb.) See 1. b2: مهّد نَفْسَهُ لِفِعْلِ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) He disposed and subjected his mind, or himself, to do the thing. (S, * K, * Msb, art. وطن.) b3: مهّد, inf. n. تَمْهِيدٌ, (tropical:) He accepted, or admitted, an excuse. (S, L, Msb, K.) Yousay, مَهَّدْتُ لَهُ العُذْرَ (tropical:) I accepted, or admitted, his excuse. (Msb.) 5 تمهّد and ↓ امتهد It (a bed) became spread, and made plain, even, or smooth. (A.) b2: تمهّد لَهُ الأَمْرُ (tropical:) The affair became adjusted, or arranged, and made plain, and easy, for, or to, him. (Msb.) b3: تمهّد فِرَاشًا [He spread for himself a bed, and made it plain, even, or smooth]. (A.) b4: تَمَهَّدَتْ لَهُ عِنْدِى حَالٌ لَطِيفَةٌ (tropical:) [A genteel situation was prepared for him with me, or at my abode]. (A.) b5: تمهّد (assumed tropical:) He (a man, TA) became possessed of authority and power; syn. تَمَكَّنَ. (S, L, K.) b6: تمهّدت نَفْسُهُ (assumed tropical:) His mind, or he, became disposed and subjected [لِفِعْلِ الأَمْرِ to do the thing; see 2]; syn. تَوَطَّنَتْ. (K, art. وطن.) 8 امتهد It (a camel's hump) became spreading and high. (S, L, K.) See 1 in three places.10 استمهد فِرَاشًا [He asked, or desired, that a bed should be spread for him, and made plain, even, or smooth]. (A.) مَهْدٌ [A child's cradle, or bed;] a place prepared for a child, and made plain, even, or smooth, (S, * L, K,) that he may sleep in it: (L:) a bed; a thing spread to lie, recline, or sit, upon; (A, Msb;) as also ↓ مِهَادٌ; (S, A, L, Msb, K;) so called because of its plainness, evenness, or smoothness: (L:) Az says, that the latter word is more comprehensive than the former: (L:) it is applied to the ground, or earth; [meaning a plain, an even, or a smooth expanse; see a verse of Lebeed cited voce خَوَالِقُ:] (Az, L, K:) and so is مَهْدٌ: (K:) some say, that مَهْدٌ and ↓ مِهَادٌ are [originally] two inf. ns., of the same meaning: or that the former is an inf. n., and the latter a simple subst.: or that the former is sing., and the latter pl.: (MF:) the pl. of the former [in common use] is مُهُودٌ, (L, Msb, K,) and مِهَادٌ; and of the latter, [pl. of pauc.,] أَمْهِدَةٌ (L, K) and [of mult.,] مُهُدٌ. (L, Msb, K.) b2: ↓ أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ مِهَادًا [Kur, lxxviii.

6,] Have we not made the earth an expanse (بِسَاط) adapted to be travelled over. (K, TA.) b3: ↓ لَبِئْسَ المِهَادُ [Kur. ii. 202,] (tropical:) Evil is that which he hath prepared for himself in his final place. (K.) Such is said to be the meaning. (TA.) b4: سَهْدٌ مَهْدٌ Good; goodly: the latter word is an imitative sequent. (L.) مُهْدٌ Elevated ground or land: (IAar, L, K:) or depressed and smooth and even ground or land; (K;) as also ↓ مُهْدَةٌ: (En-Nadr, K:) pl. مِهَدَةٌ and أَمْهَادٌ: (K:) but the former of these pls. is doubtful. (TA.) مُهْدَةٌ: see مُهْدٌ.

مِهَادٌ: see مَهْدٌ.

مَهِيدٌ Pure butter: (L, K:) or the purest of butter when melted, and that which has the least milk. (L.) مُمَهَّدٌ (tropical:) Lukewarm water; neither hot nor cold. (A, K.)

بُلْغَارُ:
بالضم، والغين معجمة: مدينة الصقالبة ضاربة في الشمال، شديدة البرد لا يكاد الثلج يقلع عن أرضها صيفا ولا شتاء وقلّ ما يرى أهلها أرضا ناشفة، وبناؤهم بالخشب وحده، وهو أن يركبوا عودا فوق عود ويسمّروها بأوتاد من خشب أيضا محكمة، والفواكه والخيرات بأرضهم لا تنجب، وبين إتل مدينة الخزر وبلغار على طريق المفاوز نحو شهر، ويصعد إليها في نهر إتل نحو شهرين وفي الحدور نحو عشرين يوما، ومن بلغار إلى أول حدّ الروم نحو عشر مراحل، ومنها إلى كويابة مدينة الروس عشرون يوما، ومن بلغار
إلى بشجرد خمس وعشرون مرحلة، وكان ملك بلغار وأهلها قد أسلموا في أيام المقتدر بالله وأرسلوا إلى بغداد رسولا يعرّفون المقتدر ذلك ويسألونه إنفاذ من يعلّمهم الصلوات والشرائع، لكن لم أقف على السبب في إسلامهم. وقرأت رسالة عملها أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حمّاد مولى محمد بن سليمان رسول المقتدر بالله إلى ملك الصقالبة ذكر فيها ما شاهده منذ انفصل من بغداد إلى أن عاد إليها، قال فيها: لما وصل كتاب ألمس بن شلكى بلطوار ملك الصقالبة إلى أمير المؤمنين المقتدر بالله يسأله فيه أن يبعث إليه من يفقّهه في الدين ويعرّفه شرائع الإسلام ويبني له مسجدا وينصب له منبرا ليقيم عليه الدعوة في جميع بلده وأقطار مملكته ويسأله بناء حصن يتحصّن فيه من الملوك المخالفين له، فأجيب إلى ذلك، وكان السفير له نذير الحزمي، فبدأت أنا بقراءة الكتاب عليه وتسليم ما أهدي إليه والأشراف من الفقهاء والمعلّمين، وكان الرسول من جهة السلطان سوسن الرّسّي مولى نذير الحزمي، قال:
فرحلنا من مدينة السلام لإحدى عشرة ليلة خلت من صفر سنة 309، ثم ذكر ما مرّ له في الطريق إلى خوارزم ثم منها إلى بلاد الصقالبة ما يطول شرحه، ثم قال:
فلما كنّا من ملك الصقالبة وهو الذي قصدنا له على مسيرة يوم وليلة وجّه لاستقبالنا الملوك الأربعة الذين تحت يديه وإخوته وأولاده، فاستقبلونا ومعهم الخبز واللحم والجاورس، وساروا معنا، فلما صرنا منه على فرسخين تلقّانا هو بنفسه فلما رآنا نزل فخرّ ساجدا شكرا لله، وكان في كمّه دراهم فنثرها علينا ونصب لنا قبابا فنزلناها، وكان وصولنا إليه يوم الأحد لاثنتي عشرة ليلة خلت من المحرم سنة 310، وكانت المسافة من الجرجانية، وهي مدينة خوارزم، سبعين يوما، فأقمنا إلى يوم الأربعاء في القباب التي ضربت لنا حتى اجتمع ملوك أرضه وخواصه ليسمعوا قراءة الكتاب، فلما كان يوم الخميس نشرنا المطرّدين الذين كانوا معنا وأسرجنا الدّابّة بالسرج الموجّه إليه وألبسناه السواد وعممناه وأخرجت كتاب الخليفة فقرأته وهو قائم على قدميه ثم قرأت كتاب الوزير حامد بن العباس وهو قائم أيضا، وكان بدينا، فنثر أصحابه علينا الدّراهم، وأخرجنا الهدايا وعرضناها عليه ثم خلعنا على امرأته وكانت جالسة إلى جانبه، وهذه سنتهم ودأبهم، ثم وجّه إلينا فحضرنا قبته وعنده الملوك عن يمينه وأمرنا أن نجلس عن يساره وأولاده جلوس بين يديه وهو وحده على سرير مغشّى بالديباج الرومي، فدعا بالمائدة فقدّمت إليه وعليها لحم مشوي، فابتدأ الملك وأخذ سكينا وقطع لقمة فأكلها وثانية وثالثة ثم قطع قطعة فدفعها إلى سوسن الرسول فلما تناولها جاءته مائدة صغيرة فجعلت بين يديه، وكذلك رسمهم لا يمدّ أحد يده إلى أكل حتى يناوله الملك فإذا تناولها جاءته مائدة ثم قطع قطعة وناولها الملك الذي عن يمينه فجاءته مائدة، ثم ناول الملك الثاني فجاءته مائدة وكذلك حتى قدّم إلى كل واحد من الذين بين يديه مائدة، وأكل كل واحد منا من مائدة لا يشاركه فيها أحد ولا يتناول من مائدة غيره شيئا، فإذا فرغ من الأكل حمل كلّ واحد منا ما بقي على مائدته إلى منزله، فلما فرغنا دعا بشراب العسل وهم يسمونه السجو فشرب وشربنا. وقد كان يخطب له قبل قدومنا: اللهم أصلح الملك بلطوار ملك بلغار، فقلت له: إن الله هو الملك ولا يجوز أن يخطب بهذا لأحد سيما على المنابر، وهذا مولاك أمير المؤمنين قد وصى لنفسه أن يقال على منابره في الشرق والغرب: اللهم أصلح عبدك وخليفتك جعفرا الإمام
المقتدر بالله أمير المؤمنين، فقال: كيف يجوز أن يقال؟ فقلت: يذكر اسمك واسم أبيك، فقال: إنّ أبي كان كافرا وأنا أيضا ما أحبّ أن يذكر اسمي إذ كان الذي سمّاني به كافرا، ولكن ما اسم مولاي أمير المؤمنين؟ فقلت: جعفر، قال: فيجوز أن أتسمّى باسمه؟ قلت: نعم، فقال: قد جعلت اسمي جعفرا واسم أبي عبد الله، وتقدم إلى الخطيب بذلك، فكان يخطب: اللهم أصلح عبدك جعفر بن عبد الله أمير بلغار مولى أمير المؤمنين، قال: ورأيت في بلده من العجائب ما لا أحصيها كثرة، من ذلك أن أول ليلة بتناها في بلده رأيت قبل مغيب الشمس بساعة أفق السماء وقد احمرّ احمرارا شديدا وسمعت في الجوّ أصواتا عالية وهمهمة، فرفعت رأسي فإذا غيم أحمر مثل النار قريب منّي، فإذا تلك الهمهمة والأصوات منه وإذا فيه أمثال الناس والدوابّ وإذا في أيدي الأشباح التي فيه قسيّ ورماح وسيوف، وأتبيّنها وأتخيّلها وإذا قطعة أخرى مثلها أرى فيها رجالا أيضا وسلاحا ودوابّ، فأقبلت هذه القطعة على هذه كما تحمل الكتيبة على الكتيبة، ففزعنا من هذه وأقبلنا على التضرّع والدعاء وأهل البلد يضحكون منا ويتعجبون من فعلنا، قال: وكنا ننظر إلى القطعة تحمل على القطعة فتختلطان جميعا ساعة ثم تفترقان، فما زال الأمر كذلك إلى قطعة من الليل ثم غابتا، فسألنا الملك عن ذلك فزعم أن أجداده كانوا يقولون هؤلاء من مؤمني الجنّ وكفّارهم يقتتلون كل عشية، وأنهم ما عدموا هذا منذ كانوا في كل ليلة. قال: ودخلت أنا وخيّاط كان للملك من أهل بغداد قبّتي لنتحدّث، فتحدّثنا بمقدار ما يقر الإنسان نصف ساعة ونحن ننتظر أذان العشاء، فإذا بالأذان فخرجنا من القبّة وقد طلع الفجر، فقلت للمؤذّن: أي شيء أذّنت؟ قال: الفجر، قلت: فعشاء الأخيرة؟ قال: نصلّيها مع المغرب، قلت: فالليل؟
قال: كما ترى وقد كان أقصر من هذا وقد أخذ الآن في الطول، وذكر أنه منذ شهر ما نام الليل خوفا من أن تفوته صلاة الصبح، وذلك أن الإنسان يجعل القدر على النار وقت المغرب ثم يصلّي الغداة وما آن لها أن تنضج، قال: ورأيت النهار عندهم طويلا جدّا، وإذا أنه يطول عندهم مدّة من السنة ويقصر الليل، ثم يطول الليل ويقصر النهار، فلما كانت الليلة الثانية جلست فلم أر فيها من الكواكب إلّا عددا يسيرا ظننت أنها فوق الخمسة عشر كوكبا متفرّقة، وإذا الشّفق الأحمر الذي قبل المغرب لا يغيب بتّة، وإذا الليل قليل الظلمة يعرف الرجل الرجل فيه من أكثر من غلوة سهم، قال: والقمر إنما يطلع في أرجاء السماء ساعة ثم يطلع الفجر فيغيب القمر، قال: وحدّثني الملك أن وراء بلده بمسيرة ثلاثة أشهر قوما يقال لهم ويسو، الليل عندهم أقلّ من ساعة، قال: ورأيت البلد عند طلوع الشمس يحمر كلّ شيء فيه من الأرض والجبال، وكل شيء ينظر الإنسان إليه حين تطلع الشمس كأنها غمامة كبرى فلا تزال الحمرة كذلك حتى تتكبّد السماء. وعرّفني أهل البلد أنه إذا كان الشتاء عاد الليل في طول النهار وعاد النهار في قصر الليل، حتى إنّ الرجل منا ليخرج إلى نهر يقال له إتل بيننا وبينه أقل من مسافة فرسخ وقت الفجر فلا يبلغه إلى العتمة إلى وقت طلوع الكواكب كلّها حتى تطبق السماء، ورأيتهم يتبرّكون بعواء الكلب جدّا ويقولون: تأتي عليهم سنة خصب وبركة وسلامة.
ورأيت الحيّات عندهم كثيرة حتى إنّ الغصن من الشجر ليلتفّ عليه عشر منها وأكثر، ولا يقتلونها ولا
تؤذيهم، ولهم تفاح أخضر شديد الحموضة جدّا، تأكله الجواري فيسمّن، وليس في بلدهم اكثر من شجر البندق، ورأيت منه غياضا تكون أربعين فرسخا في مثلها، قال: ورأيت لهم شجرا لا أدري ما هو، مفرط الطول وساقه أجرد من الورق ورؤوسه كرءوس النخل، له خوص دقاق إلّا أنه مجتمع، يعمدون إلى موضع من ساق هذه الشجرة يعرفونه فيثقبونه ويجعلون تحته إناء يجري إليه من ذلك الثّقب ماء أطيب من العسل، وإن أكثر الإنسان من شربه أسكره كما تسكر الخمر، وأكثر أكلهم الجاورس ولحم الخيل على أن الحنطة والشعير كثير في بلادهم، وكل من زرع شيئا أخذه لنفسه ليس للملك فيه حق غير أنهم يؤدّون إليه من كل بيت جلد ثور، وإذا أمر سريّة على بعض البلدان بالغارة كان له معهم حصّة. وليس عندهم شيء من الأدهان غير دهن السمك، فإنهم يقيمونه مقام الزيت والشيرج، فهم كانوا لذلك زفرين، وكلّهم يلبسون القلانس، وإذا ركب الملك ركب وحده بغير غلام ولا أحد معه، فإذا اجتاز في السوق لم يبق أحد إلّا قام وأخذ قلنسوته عن رأسه وجعلها تحت إبطه، فإذا جاوزهم ردوا قلانسهم فوق رؤوسهم، وكذلك كل من يدخل على الملك من صغير وكبير حتى أولاده وإخوته ساعة يقع نظرهم عليه يأخذون قلانسهم فيجعلونها تحت آباطهم ثم يومئون إليه برؤوسهم ويجلسون ثم يقومون حتى يأمرهم بالجلوس. وكلّ من جلس بين يديه فإنما يجلس باركا ولا يخرج قلنسوته ولا يظهرها حتى يخرج من بين يديه فيلبسها عند ذلك. والصواعق في بلادهم كثيرة جدا، وإذا وقعت الصاعقة في دار أحدهم لم يقربوه ويتركونه حتى يتلفه الزمان ويقولون: هذا موضع مغضوب عليه، وإذا رأوا رجلا له حركة ومعرفة بالأشياء قالوا: هذا حقه أن يخدم ربنا، فأخذوه وجعلوا في عنقه حبلا وعلّقوه في شجرة حتى يتقطع. وإذا كانوا يسيرون في طريق وأراد أحدهم البول فبال وعليه سلاحه انتهبوه وأخذوا سلاحه وجميع ما معه، ومن حطّ عنه سلاحه وجعله ناحية لم يتعرضوا له، وهذه سنتهم، وينزل الرجال والنساء النهر فيغتسلون جميعا عراة لا يستتر بعضهم من بعض ولا يزنون بوجه ولا سبب، ومن زنى منهم كائنا من كان ضربوا له أربع سكك وشدّوا يديه ورجليه إليها وقطّعوا بالفأس من رقبته إلى فخذه، وكذلك يفعلون بالمرأة، ثم يعلّق كلّ قطعة منه ومنها على شجرة، قال: ولقد اجتهدت أن تستتر النساء من الرجال في السباحة فما استوى لي ذلك، ويقتلون السارق كما يقتلون الزاني، ولهم أخبار اقتصرنا منها على هذا.