سفل

1 سَفَلَ, aor. ـُ (M, MA, Mgh, O, * Msb, K;) and سَفُلَ, aor. ـُ (M, Msb, K;) and سَفِلَ, (O, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) inf. n. (of the first, Mgh, Msb, TA, and of the last, TA) سُفُولٌ (M, MA, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَفَالٌ (M, MA, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] سِفال,) and of the second سَفَالَةٌ (TA;) and ↓ تسفّل; (M, K;) He, or it, was, or became, low; (M, * Mgh, O, K; *) the first contr. of عَلَا (Mgh, O;) and the third, of عَلِىَ; and (assumed tropical:) both are said of a man; (O;) سُفُولٌ and سَفَالٌ being the contr. of عُلُوٌّ and عَلآءٌ: (S, K:) or became lower than another: (Msb:) [and] the first signifies it descended, subsided, or sank downwards. (MA.) Hence the phrase بِنْتُ بِنْتِ بِنْتٍ وَإِنْ سَفَلَتْ (assumed tropical:) [A daughter of a daughter of a daughter, and if she be lower in descent]: سَفُلَتْ i. e. with damm to the ف, in this case, is a mistake. (Mgh.) And سَفَلَتْ مَنْزِلَتُهُ عِنْدَ الأَمِيرِ (assumed tropical:) [His station with, or in the estimation of, the commander, governor, or prince, was, or became, low, or lower]. (TA.) And أَمْرُهُمْ فِىسَفَالٍ (assumed tropical:) [Their case is in a low state]. (TA.) and سَفَلَ فِىالشّىْءِ, (K, * TA, [in the former of which the context implies that it is سَفُلَ, but it is]) like نَصَرَ, [aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. سُفُولٌ, [It subsided in the thing;] it descended from the upper, or uppermost, part of the thing, to the lower, or lowest, part thereof. (K.) b2: And سَفُلَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. سَفَالَةٌ (Fr, S, MA, Mgh, O, K *) and سَفَالِيَةٌMا) and سُفْلٌ, (Fr, O,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, low, base, vile, ignoble, mean, or sordid; (Fr, S, MA, Mgh, O, K; *) as also سَفَلَ, with fet-h, (Fr, O,) or سَفِلَ. (MA.) You say, سَفَلَ, like قَتَلَ, (Msb,) or سَفُلَ, like كَرُمَ, (K,) فِى خُلُقِهِ, and عَمَلِهِ, (Msb, K,) and نَسَبِهِ, (TA,) [aor. in either case سَفُلَ,] inf. n. سَفْلٌ (Msb, K) and سُفْلٌ (K) and سِفَالٌ, (Msb, * K, [in the former without any indication of the syll. signs,]) the last like كِتَابٌ; (K;) [and app. سَفِلَ also accord. to the MA, as shown above;] and ↓ تسفّل, and ↓ استفل; (TA;) (tropical:) He was low, base, vile, ignoble, or mean, in his lot, [or, as seems to be indicated in the Msb, inferior to others,] in respect of his disposition, and his deed, and his lineage: (TA:) ↓ تسفّل is the contr. of جَادَ. (Msb.) 2 تَسْفِيلٌ The act of lowering, or depressing; syn. تَصْوِيبٌ. Sudot;, O.) 3 هُويُسَافِلُ فُلَانًا (assumed tropical:) He vies with, or imitates, such a one in his low, base, vile, ignoble, mean, or sordid, actions. (TA.) 5 تَسَفُّلٌ [quasi-pass. of 2,] The being lowered, or depressed; syn. تَصَوُّبٌ (S, O;) contr. of تَعَلّ. (TA.) b2: See also 1, first sentence: b3: and the same, last sentence, in two places.8 إِسْتَفَلَ see 1, last sentence.

سُفْلٌ and ↓ سِفْلٌ (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K) [but it is strangely added in the Msb that IKt disallowed the pronunciation with damm] and ↓ سِفْلَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ سُفَالَهٌ (S, O, K) The lowest, or lower, part [of a thing]; contr. of عُلْوٌ (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and عِلْوٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and عِلْوَةٌ (K) and عُلَاوَةٌ; (S, O, K;) [and so ↓ سَافلَةٌ, contr. of عَاليَةٌ:] كُلّ شَىْءٍ ↓ سُفَالَهُ signifies, (K,) or is said to signify, (M,) the lowest, or lower, part of anything; i. e. ↓ أَسْفَــلُهُ (M, K;) and عُلَاوَتُهُ [The contr., i. e.] أَعْلَاهُ. (M.) سِفْلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سَفِلٌ from سَفِلَ, and ↓ سَفِيلٌ from سَفُلَ, (assumed tropical:) A low, base, vile, ignoble, mean, or sordid, man: (MA:) or ↓ سَفيلٌ signifies low (↓ سَافِلٌ) [in condition], deficient in lot, or fortune: (TA:) and ↓ سَفِلَةٌ, (S, M, MA, Mgh, Msb, K,) said by some to be from this word as signifying the “ legs ” (Mgh, Msb) of a camel (Mgh) or of a beast, or quadruped, (Msb,) and ↓ سِفْلَةٌ, (S, M, MA, Mgh Msb, K,) a contraction of سَفِلَةٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, or it may be pl. of ↓ سَفِيلٌ, like as عِلْيَةٌ is of عَلِىٌّ, (Mgh,) (assumed tropical:) low, base, vile, ignoble, mean, or sordid, persons; (S, * MA, Mgh, Msb;) or the lowest, or lower, basest, or baser, vilest, or viler, &c., of mankind, or of people; the refuse, or rabble, thereof: (S, * M, K:) and ↓ سِفِلَةٌ, with two kesrehs, is a dial. var. of سَفِلَةٌ and سِفْلَةٌ, mentioned by Sgh and IB on the authority of Yoo and IKh, and is said to mean the lowest, basest, &c., of the low, base, &c.: the pl. of ↓ سِفْلَةٌ is سِفَلٌ; (TA;) one should not say, ↓ هُوَ سَفِلَةٌ because this is [used only as] a pl.: (S:) the vulgar say رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمٍ سِفَلٍ ↓ سِفْلَةٌ; (S, Mgh; *) but this has been disallowed: (Mgh:) a man is related to have said to his wife, (Mgh, TA,) who had called him سِفْلَةٌ, (TA,) إِنْ كُنْتُ سِفْلَةً فَأَنْتِ طَالِقٌ, (Mgh, TA,) meaning If I be low, base, &c., in my intellect and my religion [thou art divorced]; (Mgh;) whence it seems that سِفْلَةٌ may be applied to a single person; but this requires consideration. (TA.) ↓ أَيْمَانُ السَّفِلَةِ means (assumed tropical:) [The oaths] of the ignorant: or accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh, of the heretics, or schismatics: such [oaths] are said to be وَوَجْهِ اللّٰهِ and وَأمَانَةِ اللّٰه. (Mgh.) سِفْلَةٌ see سُفْلٌ: b2: and see also سَفِلٌ, in three places.

سَفِلَةٌ The legs (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) of a camel (S, M, Mgh, K) or of a beast, or quadruped: (Msb:) because they are lowest. (M.) b2: See also سَافِلَةٌ: b3: and see سَفِلٌ, in three places.

سِفِلَةٌ see سَفِلٌ.

سُفْلِىُّ [Of, or relating to, the lowest, or lower, part or place;] a rel. n. from سُفْلٌ. (TA.) [Hence, the pl.] سُفْليُّونَ means Persons alighting, or abiding, in the lowest, or lower, parts of a country: opposed to عَليُّونَ (TA in art. علو.) b2: It is also opposed to عَلِىٌّ [in relation to condition]: whence the saying, مَنْ يَرْحَمِ السُّفْلِىَّ يَرْحَمْهُ العَلِىُّ (assumed tropical:) He who has mercy on the low in condition, on him will the high in condition have mercy]. (TA.) سُفْلِيُّونَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Persons low in condition, is opposed to عَلِيُّونَ, meaning “ opulent persons. ” (TA in art. علو.) سَفِيلٌ: see سَفِلٌ, in three places.

سُفَالَةٌ see سُفْلٌ, in two places. b2: One says, قَعَدَ سُفَالَةَ الرِّيحِ, and فِى سُفَالَةِ الرِّيحِ, (M, K, * TA,) or بِسُفَالَةِالرِّيح, (S,) [He sat in, or on, the leeward side; like as one says in French, sous le vent;] in, or on, the side, or quarter, towards which the wind blew; (S, M, K, * TA;) and particularly with respect to the object or objects of the chase [in order that his smell might not be perceived thereby]: (TA in the present art. and in art. علو:) opposed to عُلَاوَتَهَا, and فِى عُلَاوَتِهَا, (M, K, * TA,) or بِعُلَاوَتِهَا. (S.) سَافِلٌ Low; contr. of عَالٍ. (S, Msb, * TA.) See also سَفِلٌ: and see an ex. voce أَسْفَــلُ سَافِلَةٌ: see سُفْلٌ. b2: [Hence,] سَافِلَةُ الرُّمْحِ half that is next to the زُجّ [or pointed iron shoe, or foot,] of the spear: (M, K:) [opposed to عَالِيَتُهُ.] b3: And السَّافِلَةُ The bottom, podex, posteriors, or buttocks; and the anus; syn. المَقْعَدَةُ, (S,) and الدُّبُرُ; (TA;) as also ↓ السَّفِلَةُ; syn. الدُّبُرُ. (L in art. خجر.) أَسْفَــلُ Lower, and lowest; contr. of أَعْلَى (M, Msb, K:) fem. سُفْلَى: (TA:) and pl. أَسَافِلُ. (M, TA.) One says, صَارَــأَسْفَــلَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ [He, or it, became lower than another]. (Msb.) And it is said in the Kur [viii. 43], والرَّكْبُ أَسْفَــلَ مِنْكُمْ The caravan being in a place lower than ye; اسفل being here an adv. n.: or, as some read, أَسْفَــلُ مِنْكُمْ, i. e. being lower than ye. (M.) b2: ↓ ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَاهُ أَسْفَــلَ سَافِلِينَ, in the Kur [xcv. 5], means (assumed tropical:) [Then we rendered him the lowest of low: or] we reduced him to extreme old age, or decrepitude: or to a state of perishing, or passing away: or to a state of error; relating to him who has disbelieved; (M, K;) for every infant is born of the natural constitution with which he is created in his mother's womb, and he who disbelieves and errs is reduced to this state: (M:) or the meaning is, we have made him to be of the people of the fire [of Hell]: or [we have made him to go down] to the fire [of Hell]. (Bd.) b3: سُفْلَي مُضَرَ [The lower of Mudar] is said to denote those of Mudar with the exception of Kureysh and Keys: opposed to عُلْيَامُضَرَ. (TA in art. علو.) b4: See also سُفْلٌ. b5: The pl. أَسَافِلُ means The lower, or lowest, parts of valleys [&c.]. (TA.) The phrase كِلَابُ الأَسَافِلِ occurs in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb as meaning [The dogs] of the lower, or lowest, parts of the valleys. (M.) b6: And (assumed tropical:) The young ones of camels. (As, S, * TA.)

جرب

1 جَرِبَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. جَرَبٌ, (Msb, TA,) He (a camel, S, A, Msb, K, and a man, S, or other animal, Msb,) was, or became, affected with what is termed جَرَب [i. e. the mange, or scab]. (S, Msb, K.) مَا لَهُ جَرِبَ وَحَرِبَ is a form of imprecation against a man [meaning What aileth him? may he have the scab, and be despoiled of all his wealth, or property: or may he have his camels affected with the mange, or scab, and be despoiled &c.: or may his camels be affected with the mange, or scab, &c.]: it may express a wish that he may be affected with جَرَب: or جَرِبَ may be put for أَجْرَبَ, to assimilate it to حَرِبَ: or it may be for جَرِبَتْ إِبلُهُ. (L.) b2: See 4. b3: Also (tropical:) i. q. هَلَكَتْ أَرْضُهُ [meaning His land had its herbage dried up by drought; or became such as is termed جَرْبَآء, fem. of أَجْرَبُ, q. v.]. (K.) 2 جرّبهُ, (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَجْرِبَةٌ, (M, A, K,) or تَجْرِيبٌ, the former, which see also below, being a simple subst., (Msb,) or both, but the former is irreg., are inf. ns., (TA,) He tried, made trial of, made experiment of, tested, proved, assayed, proved by trial or experiment or experience, him, or it: (A, K:) or he tried it, made trial of it, &c., namely, a thing, time after time. (Msb.) [You say also جَرَّبَ, for جَرَّبَ الأُمُورَ, meaning He tried affairs: and hence, i. q.]

جُرِّبَ فِى الأُمُور [He became experienced, or expert, in affairs]. (T, TA.) And جَرَّبَتْهُ الأُمُورُ [Affairs, or events, tried him. &c.: and thus, rendered him experienced, or expert]. (S, TA.) And مَا جُرِّبتْ عَلَيْهِ فَعْلَةٌ قَبِيحَةٌ قَطُّ [A foul action was never found to be chargeable upon him]. (S voce نُغْبَةٌ.) 4 اجرب He had his camels [or found them to be] affected with what is termed جَرَب [i. e. the mange, or scab]; (S, A, L, K;) as also ↓ جَرِبَ, (L, K,) which may be for جَرِبَتْ إِبِلُهُ; or used for أَجْرَبَ, to assimilate it to حَرِبَ in a saying mentioned above; see 1. (L.) Q. Q. 1 جَوْرَبَهُ He put on him [i. e., on his (another's) foot or feet,] جَوْرَب [i. e. a sock or stocking, or a pair of socks or stockings]. (S, K.) Q. Q. 2 تَجَوْرَبَ He put on [i. e., on his own foot or feet,] جَوْرَب [i. e. a sock or stocking, or a pair of socks or stockings]. (S, K.) And in like manner, تجورب جَوْرَبَيْنِ [He put on a pair of socks or stockings]. (TA.) جِرْبٌ: see جِرْبَةٌ.

جَرَبٌ [The mange, or scab;] a certain disease, (A,) well known; (S, A, K;) accord. to the medical books, (Msb,) a gross humour, arising beneath the skin, from the mixture of the salt phlegm, (Msb, MF,) or the phlegm of the flesh, (so in a copy of the Msb,) with the blood, accompanied with pustules, and sometimes with emaciation, in consequence of its abundance; (Msb, MF;) or [an eruption consisting of] pustules upon the bodies of men and camels. (M, TA.) You say, أعْدَى مِنَ الجَرَبِ عِنْدَ العَرَبِ [More transitive, or catching, than the mange, or scab, among the Arabs]: (A, TA:) a proverb. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Rust upon a sword. (K.) b3: (tropical:) A resemblance of rust upon the inner side of the جَفْن [or eyelid], (M, K,) sometimes covering the whole of it, and sometimes part of it. (M.) You say, بِأَجْفَانِهِ جَرَبٌ (tropical:) [In his eyelids is] a resemblance of rust upon their inner sides. (A.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A vice, a fault, a defect, an imperfection, or a blemish. (IAar, K.) جَرِبٌ: see أَجْرَبُ.

جِرْبَةٌ A place of seed-produce; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَرِيبٌ: (K:) and a tract of land such as is termed قَرَاح [i. e. a field, or land, sown or for sowing, without any building or trees in it; or land cleared for sowing and planting; or a separate piece of land in which palm-trees &c. grow; &c.]: (K:) metaphorically applied by Imra-el-Keys to [a grove of] palm-trees, where he says كَجِرْبَةِ نَخْلٍ أَوْ كَجَنَّةِ يَثْرِبَ [Like a grove of palm-trees, or like the plantation of Yethrib]: (AHn, TA:) or land prepared for sowing or planting: (AHn, K:) or a piece of land differing in condition from the land adjoining it, [i. e. a patch of land,] producing good plants or herbage: (Lth, TA:) the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] is ↓ جِرْبٌ, (Lth, AHn,) like as تِبْنٌ is of تِبْنَةٌ, and سِدْرٌ of سِدْرَةٌ: (AHn:) or جِرْبٌ signifies a قَرَاح; and its pl. is جِرَبَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) b2: A skin, or a mat, which is placed upon the brink of a well, lest the water should be scattered into the well [app. in falling from the bucket into the channel of the tank or cistern &c.]: or (a skin, TA,) that is placed in a rivulet or streamlet جَدْوَل [which is applied in the present day to an artificial streamlet for irrigation, in the form of a trench or gutter,]) that the water may flow down over it [app. from the well to the tank or cistern &c.]. (M, K.) جَرِبَةُ: see أَجْرَبُ, last sentence but one.

جَرْبَانُ or جَرْبَانٌ: see أَجْرَبُ: A2: and for the latter, see جُرُبَّانٌ.

جُرْبَانٌ and جِرْبَانٌ: see جُرُبَّانٌ, in five places.

جُرُبَّآء and جِرِبَّآء: see what next follows.

جُرُبَّانٌ (S, MF, TA) and جِرِبَّانٌ, (Mj, MF, TA,) which are the two forms commonly known, (MF, TA,) or, accord. to the K, ↓ جِرْبَانٌ and ↓ جُرْبَانٌ, or, accord. to the L, ↓ جَرْبَانٌ, and sometimes ↓ جُرْبَانٌ, or, accord. to some copies of the K, [and so in the CK,] ↓ جِرِبَّآء and ↓ جُرُبَّآء, which are evident mistranscriptions, or, accord. to the 'Ináyeh of El-Khafájee, جَرِبَّانٌ, which is more strange, (MF,) but this last accords [most nearly] with its original, (TA,) [for it is] a Persian word arabicized, (S, TA,) originally گَرِيبَانْ; (TA;) The جَيْب [or opening at the neck and bosom] of a shirt: (K, TA:) or the part around the neck, upon which are sewed the buttons: (IB and TA in art. بنق:) or the [part called] لِبْنَة [q. v.] of a shirt. (S, TA.) b2: جُرُبَّانُ سَيْفٍ (Fr, S, K) and ↓ جُرْبَانُهُ, (K, TA,) or ↓ جِرْبانهُ, (CK,) The edge (حَدّ) of a sword: (K:) or a thing [i. e. a case] (K, TA) of sewed leather (TA) in which are put a sword and its scabbard with the cords or belts by which it is suspended: (K, TA;) i. q. قِرَابُهُ: (S: [see also جِرَابٌ:]) or a large sword-case in which are a man's sword and his whip and what else he requires: (Fr, TA: [also called جُلُبَّان and جِلِبَّان and جُلْبَان:]) in the L, the first is [also] said to signify the scabbard of a sword. (TA.) جِرْبِيَآءُ [a word of a very rare form, (see كِبْرِيَآءُ,)] The north-west wind; a wind of the kind termed نَكْبَآءُ, that blows in a direction between that of the [north wind, or northerly wind, called]

شَمَال and that of the [west wind, or westerly wind, called] دَبُور, and that dispels the clouds: (S, TA:) it is a cold wind, and is sometimes attended by a little rain: (TA in art. نكب, q. v.:) or the [north wind, or northerly wind, called]

شمال: or the cold of that wind: (K, TA:) or, (K,) as also أَزْيَبُ, (TA,) the south east wind; the wind that blows in a direction between that of the [south wind, or southerly wind, called]

جَنُوب and that of the [east wind, or easterly wind, called] صَبَا. (K, TA.) b2: Also, with the article ال, a name of The seventh earth: corresponding to العِرْبِيَآءُ, a name of “the seventh heaven.” (TA.) A2: Also A weak man. (K.) جِرَابٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) not جَرَابٌ, (ISk, Msb, K,) or this latter is of weak authority, (K, TA,) or peculiar to the vulgar, (S, L,) A provisionbag for travellers: (K, Har p. 174:) or a bag, or receptacle, for travelling-provisions and for goods or utensils &c.,; syn. وِعَآءٌ: (K, TA:) or such a receptacle made of sheep-skin, in which nothing is kept but what is dry: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] جُرُبٌ (S, Msb, K) and جُرْبٌ, (S, K,) the latter a contraction of the former, (TA,) and [of pauc.] أَجْرِبَةٌ. (S, Msb, K.) b2: (tropical:) A sword-case; or a case, or receptacle, in which a sword is put with its scabbard and its suspensory belt or cord; syn. قِرَابُ سَيْفٍ. (TA. [See also جُرُبَّانٌ.]) b3: (assumed tropical:) The scrotum. (K.) b4: جِرَابُ القَلْبِ (assumed tropical:) [The pericardium, or heart-purse]. (K in art. ثهت, &c.) b5: جِرَابُ البِئْرِ (assumed tropical:) The cavity of the well; (M, K;) or (tropical:) its interior, (Lth, S, M, A,) from top to bottom. (Lth, S, M.) You say, اِطْوِ جِرَابَهَا بِالحِجَارَةِ Case thou its interior with stones. (A.) جَرِيبٌ A certain measure, (M, A, Mgh, K,) or quantity, of wheat, (S, Msb,) consisting of four أَقْفِزَة [pl. of قَفِيزٌ]: (M, A, Msb, K:) or ten اقفزة; each قفيز thereof consisting of ten أَعْشِرَآء

[pl. of عَشِيرٌ]; so that the عشير is the hundredth part of the whole: (TA:) or, as some say, a measure differing in different countries; as is the case of the رطْل and مُدّ and ذِرَاع &c. (MF, TA.) For the pl., see what follows. b2: Hence, (Mgh,) (assumed tropical:) A certain quantity of land; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as much as is sown with the measure of seed so called; (A, Mgh;) like as mules and the space that they travel are termed بَرِيدٌ: (A, Mgh: *) it is sixty cubits by sixty cubits; accord. to Kudámeh, the extent termed أَشْل multiplied by itself; the اشل being sixty cubits; the cubit being six قَبَضَات; and the قَبْضَة, four أَصَابِع: the tenth part of the جريب is called قفيز, and the tenth of the قفيز is called عشير; so that the قفيز is ten اعشراء: (Mgh:) it is a distinct portion of land, differing according to the different conventional usages of the people of different provinces: it is said that the width of six moderate-sized barleycorns is called إِصْبَعٌ; the قبضة is four اصابع; the ذِرَاع is six قبضات; ten أَذْرُع are called قَصَبَةٌ; ten قَصَبَات are called اشل; and the جريب is the extent termed اشل multiplied by itself: the اشل multiplied by the قصبة is called قفيز; and the اشل multiplied by the ذراع is called عشير: so the جِريب is ten thousand cubits: or, accord. to Kudámeh the Scribe, it is three thousand and six hundred cubits: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْرِبَةٌ and [of mult.] جُرْبَانٌ (S, Msb, K) and جُرُوبٌ. (R, TA.) See also جِرْبَةٌ. b3: Also A valley; (Lth, Msb, K; [accord. to the second of which, this is the primary signification;]) i. e., in an absolute sense; and, with the article ال, the name of a particular valley in the territory of Keys: (TA:) pl. أَجْرِبَةٌ. (Lth, TA.) جَوْرَبٌ [A sock or stocking, or a pair of socks or stockings;] the wrapper of the foot or leg: (K:) or a pair of woollen envelopes for the feet, used for warmth: (TA:) an arabicized word, (S, Msb,) from the Persian گُورَبْ, originally گُورْ, i. e. “tomb of the foot:” (TA:) pl. جَوَارِبَةٌ and جَوَارِبُ; (S, A, Msb, K;) in the former of which, the ة is added because it is originally a foreign word. (S, TA.) You say, هُوَ

أَنْتَنُ مِنْ رِيحِ الجَوْرَبِ [He, or it, is more stinking than the smell of socks, or stockings]. (A, TA.) جَوَارِبِىٌّ A maker of جَوَارِب [i. e. socks or stockings]. (TA.) أجْرَبُ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ جَرِبٌ (A, Mgh, K) and ↓ جَرْبَانُ or جَرْبَانٌ (K accord. to different copies) [Mangy, or scabby;] affected with what is termed جَرَب: (S, A, Msb, K:) applied to a camel, (A, Msb,) and to a man: (S, A:) fem. (of the first, Msb) جَرْبَآءُ (A, Msb) and [of the second] جَرِبَةٌ: (A:) pl. (of the first, S, Msb) جُرْبٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and (of the first, S, Mgh, TA, or of the second, Mgh, or of the third agreeably with analogy, TA) جَرْبَى (S, Mgh, K) and [of the first] أَجَارِبُ, which is like certain pls. of substantives, as أَجَادِلُ and أَنَامِلُ, (TA,) and (of the first contrary to rule, like عِجَافٌ and بِطَاحٌ and عِصَالٌ which are pls. of أَعْجَفُ and أَبْطَحُ and أَعْصَلُ, Msb, or of the second, IB, K, or of جُرْبٌ, which is pl. of the first, S) جِرَابٌ: (S, IB, Msb, K:) this last occurs in the following verse [of ‘Amr, or' Omeyr, Ibn-El-Hobáb, or El-Khabbáb; these variations being in different copies of the K; but in the TA art. نشر, and in a copy of the S in that art. and in the present one, ‘Omeyr Ibn-El-Khabbáb]: وَفِينَا وَإِنْ قِيلَ اصْطَلَحْنَا تَضَاغُنٌ كَمَا طَرَّ أَوْبَارُ الجِرَابِ عَلَى النَّشْرِ (S, K *) Within us, though it be said that we have made peace, one with another, and we are on good terms outwardly, is mutual rancour: as the soft wool of the mangy camels (while disease lurks beneath, within them, TA) grows by reason of [eating] the نشر [or herbage] that becomes green at the and of summer (in consequence of rain falling upon it, TA) and is injurious to animals that pasture upon it: (K, TA:) and it is said by IB, and in the K, that جراب, here, is pl. of جَرِبٌ, not, as J says, of جُرْبٌ: but MF observes that فِعَالٌ is the pl. measure of several words of the measure فُعْلٌ, as رُمْحٌ and دُهْنٌ, and is even said by IHsh and Ibn-Málik and AHei to be regularly applicable to sings. of this latter measure; whereas no grammarian nor Arabic scholar asserts that a word of the measure فَعِلٌ assumes فِعَالٌ as the measure of its pl. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] سَيْفٌ أَجْرَبُ (tropical:) A sword reddened by much rust, which cannot be removed from it unless with a file. (A.) b3: And أَرْضٌ جَرْبَآءُ (tropical:) Land affected with. drought: (S, A, Msb, K: *) or salt land, affected with drought, and containing nothing. (ISd, TA.) b4: And الجَرْبَآءُ (tropical:) The sky; (S, M, A, K;) so called because of the stars (S, TA) and the milky way, (TA,) as though it were scabbed with stars; (S, IF, ISd;) its stars being likened to the marks of جَرَب; (A;) like as the sea is called أَجْرَدُ, and like as the sky is also called رَقِيع because [as it were] patched with stars: (AAF, ISd:) or that tract of the sky in which the sun and moon revolve: (M, K:) or the lowest heaven: (AHeyth, TA:) and accord. to the M, جربة [so in the TA, app. ↓ جَرِبَةُ,] is applied as a determinate [proper] name to the sky. (TA.) b5: and جَرْبَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A beautiful girl; (IAar, K;) so called because the women separate themselves from her, seeing that their goodly qualities are rendered foul by comparison with hers. (IAar, TA.) تَجْرِبَةٌ is a subst. from جَرَّبَ: (Msb:) or it is an inf. n. of that verb, (M, A, K,) and is one of the inf. ns. from which pls. are formed: (M, TA:) its pl. is تَجَاربُ (M, Msb, TA) and تَجَارِيبُ, (M, TA.) En-Nábighah says, إِلَى اليَوْمِ قَدْ جُرِّبْنَ كُلَّ التَّجَارِبِ [To this day, they (referring to females) have been tried with every kind of tryings]: and El-Aashà

says, كَمْ جَرَّبُوهُ فَمَا زَادَتْ تَجَارِبُهُمْ

أَبَا قُدَامَةَ إِلَّا المَجْدَ وَالقَنَعَا [How often have they tried him, and their tryings of Aboo-Kudámeh have not increased aught save his glory and contentment!]; تجارب being here a pluralized inf. n. made to govern an objective complement; which is a strange fact. (M, TA.) [But in this latter instance, we may consider ابا قدامة as a first objective complement of رادت, and شَيْئَا, understood before الّا, as a second objective complement of the same verb.]

مُجْرِبٌ A man who has his camels affected with what is termed جَرَب [i. e. the mange, or scab]: whence the prov., لَا إِلَاهَ لِمُجْرِبٍ [There is no god to one who has his camels affected with the mange]; as though he renounced his god by frequently swearing falsely by him that he had no pitch when it was demanded of him [for the purpose of curing other camels]: (A:) or لَا أَلِيَّةَ لِمْجْرِبٍ [There is no oath to one who has his camels affected with the mange; for the reason above mentioned, or because he is likely to deny that he has mangy camels lest his camels should be prevented from coming to water: and hence also,] أَكْدَبُ مِنْ مُجْرِبٍ [More lying than one who has his camels affected with the mange]; another prov. (Meyd. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 382.]) مُجَرَّبٌ One who has been tried, or proved, in affairs, and whose qualities have become known: (T, TA:) or one who has been tried, or proved, and strengthened by experience in affairs: (S:) [experienced, or expert, in affairs:] or one whose qualities have been tried, or proved. (K, TA.) And ↓ مُجَرِّبٌ One having experience in affairs. (K, TA.) In general, but not always, (MF,) the Arabs used the former of these two epithets [which are virtually synonymous]. (S, MF.) b2: دَرَاهِمُ مُجَرَّبَةٌ Weighed money. (Kr, K.) b3: المُجَرَّبُ The lion. (Sgh, K.) A2: [It is also employed as an inf. n. of 2, in accordance with a usage of which there are many other instances; as in the saying,] أَنْتَ عَلَى المُجَرَّبِ [Thou art about to have the proof, or experience]: a prov., mentioned by Az: said to him who asks respecting a thing which he is about to know of himself: originally said by a woman to a man who asked her an indecent question which he was himself about to resolve. (TA.) مُجَرِّبٌ: see مُجَرَّبٌ.

جرب: جَرَّب بالتضعيف، جربَه: صيره أجرب (فوك) (أنظر: مُجَرَّب). جَرَب: إن قبيلة بني مخالف التي تقطع الطرق وتسلب المارة تسمى مخالف الجرب (كاريت قبيل 1: 46) جرب الكتان= كشوث (المستعيني في مادة كشوث).
جربَة: جَرَب، عرّ (فوك، الكالا). ( Sarna) ، ( بوشر).
جَرْبيّ: يصنع في جزيرة جَربَة. نسيج من الصوف ومن الصوف والحرير فيتخذ منه برانس وحايكا وجببا وأغطية وشيلان ومناطق وغير ذلك. وهو نسيج رقيق جدا ناصع البياض لين وهذه مشهورة في ولاية تونس ولها شهرة كبيرة أيضاً في بلاد المشرق (أنظر الجريدة الآسيوية 1852، 2: 171، تاريخ البربر 1: 576، دارفيو 4: 19 (حيث عليك أن تقرأ brenis - برانس جمع برنس- بدل bremis بلاكيير 2: 139 رقم 183، كاريت جعر 219، براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 6: 348، ايوالد 112 بليسيه 173، بارت عجائب 260، ديجوبرن 118).
وقد أصبحت كلمة جَربي وهي نسبة إلى جربة اسما لهذا النسيج.
جبة جربية (الملابس 118) (في هذا النص عليك أن تقرأ (نحلّ) يحلّ، (ونصيرها) وتصيرها (ويحير) يُجْبَر، أن الكلمة التي كتبها مارمول - وقد ذكرت في ص119 - gerivia هي جَلاّبية)، ويذكر دوماس في صحاري 265: (إن الحايك المسمى جربي أو فيكيكي (أنظر الكلمة) مخطط بخطوط حمر وقرمزية)، يذكر تريسترام في ص94 كلمة جربي بمعنى غطاء السرير، ونجد عند هوست أن للسرير غطائين كثيفين (اقرأها قطيفة) وشَربية، ثم يقول بعد ذلك في ص 267 أن هاتين الكلمتين تعنيان غطاء من الصوف. وارى إنه قد أخطأ في كتابة هذه الكلمة كما يحدث له كثيرا، وأنه يريد بها جَرْبيَّة.
جَرَبي: صداف: مرض من نوع الجرب (بوشر).
جَرْبِية: أنظر جَربي في آخر المادة جَرُبان: نبات شائك (محيط المحيط) جَرْباية: أنظر جَرابة.
جُرُبَّان: هو الجزء العريض من القميص الذي يغطي مؤخرة الرجل (ابن خلكان 7: 68) وقد شرحت فيه هذه الكلمة.
جِراب: يجمع على جرابات (بوشر) وجربان (بركهارت نويبة 264).
جراب للرجْلَين: ران، طماق (بوشر).
جراب الراعي: الكرش الثالث للحيوان المجتر (محيط المحيط) في مادة قبَ. جَريب: يجمع على جُرُب (الكامل 238).
جَرَابة (شيرب) أو جُرَابة (همبرت): لفظة محدثة لكلمة جَوْرب، جورب قصيرة (بوشر، شيرب، همبرت 21. وفي باسم 112: ثم إنه ليس جراباته في رجليه. وعند شيرب جَرْباية أيضاً. جارب: مُجَرِّب، خبير (هلو).
تَجْربة: إغراء (بوشر) ومحنة، مصيبة، بلاء من الله (بوشر) ومسودة المطبعة لتصحيح أخطاء الطباعة (بوشر).
على تجربة: في بلاء (بوشر).
وتجربة: اختبار، امتحان (الكالا).
تجربة الرهبان أو تجربة في الرهبنة: ترهبن، حالة الراهب قبل التثبت (بوشر).
تَجَرّبِيّ: تجريبي، اختباري- طب تجرّبي: تطبيب بالتجربة (بوشر).
مُجَرَّب: مُختَبر، معروف بالتجربة (ألكالا) - وأجرب مصاب بالجَرَب (الكالا).
مُجَرِّب: مختبر، ممتحن (الكالا) - علم المجرّب: العلم القائم على التجربة.
مَجروُب وجمعه مجروبون ومَجارب: أجرب، مصاب بالجرب (فوك).

رعث

1 رَعِثَتْ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَعَثٌ; and رَعَثَتْ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَعْثٌ; (tropical:) She (a goat, K, TA, and a sheep, شَاة, TA) had white extremities to her زَنَمَتَانِ [or two wattles] (K, TA) beneath the two ears. (TA.) 5 ترعّثت She (a woman) adorned herself with the [kind of ear-ring, or ear-drop, called] قُرْط (S, K, TA) and رِعَاثٌ; (TA;) as also ↓ ارتعثت. (IJ, K, TA.) 8 إِرْتَعَثَ see what next precedes.

رَعْثٌ: see what next follows, in two places.

رَعَثٌ and ↓ رَعَثَةٌ and ↓ رُعْثَةٌ are said to be applied to Anything suspended: or, accord. to some, only to the [kind of ear-ring, or ear-drop, called]

قُرْط, and the [necklace called] قِلَادَة, and the like: or, accord. to Az, ↓ رِعَاثٌ signifies anything suspended, such as the قُرْط, and the like, suspended from the ear; or the [necklace called] قِلَادَة: and the pl. is ↓ رَعْثٌ [or rather this is a quasi-pl. n.] and ↓ رِعَاثٌ [like the sing.] and رُعْثٌ, which last is a pl. pl.: (TA:) or ↓ رَعْثَةٌ and ↓ رَعَثَةٌ signify the [kind of ear-ring, or ear-drop, called]

قُرْط; (S, A, K, TA;) and any similar pendant to the ear: (TA:) or the رعثة is in the lower part of the ear; and the شَنْف, in the upper part thereof; and the رعثة is a pearl, or large pearl, (دُرَّةٌ,) attacked to the قُرْط: (IAar, TA:) and the pl. of رَعْثَةٌ and رَعَثَةٌ is رِعَاثٌ (S, K, TA) and رِعَثَةٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] رَعَثٌ signifies [also] (tropical:) Wool, or wool died of various colours, (عِهْنٌ,) in a general sense: [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. رَعَثَةٌ: (TA:) or, (S, A, K,) as also ↓ رَعْثٌ and ↓ رُعْثَةٌ, (K,) such wool (عِهْنٌ) suspended to the [kind of women's camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج, (A'Obeyd, S, K, TA,) and the like, for ornament; like what are termed ذَبَاذِب: (TA:) or [pendant] ornaments of the هَوْدَج, of the kind called ذَبَاذِب, consisting of such wool. (A.) b3: And (tropical:) The blossoms of the pomegranate-tree. (A.) رَعْثَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph. b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) The عُثْنُون [or wattle] of the cock, (S, K, TA,) that grows forth beneath the bill; i. e. its beard, or barb; (TA;) as also ↓ رَعَثَةٌ: (K:) each of the two things that grow forth beneath the bill of the cock. (A.) You say, صَاحَ ذُوالرَّعْثَتَانِ (tropical:) [The owner of the two wattles cried]; meaning the cock. (A.) And a poet says, (S,) namely, El-Akhtal, (TA,) مَا ذَا يُؤَرّقُنِى وَالنَّوْمُ يُعْجِبُنِى

مِنْ صَوْتِ ذِىرَعَثَاتٍ سَاكِنِ الدَّارِ [What is this that renders me wakeful, when sleep pleases me, of the voice of an owner of wattles, an inhabitant of the mansion?]. (S, TA. [Another reading, as well as the foregoing, of this verse is given in the Ham, p. 823.]) b3: Also, (Ham ubi suprà,) or ↓ رَعَثَةٌ, (L,) (assumed tropical:) The زَنَمَة [or wattle], (Ham,) [i. e.] each of the زَنَمَتَانِ [or two wattles], (L,) of a sheep or goat (شَاة) [or, accord. to some, of a goat only (see رَنَمَةٌ)]. (Ham, L.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) A drinking-vessel, such as is called تَلْتَلَةٌ, made of the spathe of a palm-tree; (T, M, L, K, TA;) as also ↓ رَعَثَةٌ. (K.) رُعْثَةٌ: see رَعَثٌ, in two places.

رَعَثَةٌ: see رَعَثٌ, in two places: b2: and رَعْثَةٌ, in three places.

شَاةٌ رَعْثَآءُ (tropical:) A sheep, or goat, [or, accord. to some, a goat only (see زَنَمَةٌ),] having two wattles (زَنَمَتَانِ), beneath her two ears. (S, A, K.) b2: And الرَّعْثَآءُ (tropical:) A species of grape, having long berries; (K, TA;) likened to the زَنَمَتَانِ [or two wattles of a sheep or goat]. (TA.) رِعَاثٌ: see رَعَثٌ, in two places.

مُرَعَّثٌ A boy adorned with the [kind of earring, or ear-drop, called] رَعْثَةٌ (S) or قُرْطٌ. (TA.) b2: And [hence,] (tropical:) A cock having a رَعْثَة [or wattle]. (S, TA.)

كَدَاء:
بالفتح، والمدّ، قال أبو منصور: أكدى الرجل إذا بلغ الكدى وهو الصخر، وكدأ النبت يكدأ كدوّا إذا أصابه البرد فلبّده في الأرض أو عطش فأبطأ نباته، وإبل كادية الأوبار: قليلتها، وقد كديت تكدى كداء، وفي كداء ممدود وكديّ بالتصغير وكدى مقصور كما يذكره اختلاف ولا بدّ من ذكرها معا في موضع ليفرق بينها، قال أبو محمد علي بن أحمد بن حزم الأندلسي:
كداء، الممدودة، بأعلى مكة عند المحصّب دار النبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، من ذي طوى إليها. وكدى، بضم الكاف وتنوين الدال: بــأسفــل مكة عند ذي طوى بقرب شعب الشافعيين ومنها دار النبيّ، صلى الله عليه وسلم، إلى المحصّب فكأنه ضرب دائرة في دخوله وخروجه، بات بذي طوى ثم نهض إلى أعلى مكة فدخل منها وفي خروجه خرج من أسفــل مكة ثم رجع إلى المحصّب. وأما كديّ، مصغرا:
فإنما هو لمن خرج من مكة إلى اليمن وليس من هذين الطريقين في شيء، أخبرني بذلك كله أبو العباس أحمد ابن عمر بن أنس العذري عن كل من لفي من مكة من أهل المعرفة بمواضعها من أهل العلم بالأحاديث الواردة في ذلك، هذا آخر كلام ابن حزم، وغيره يقول: الثنية السفلى هي كداء، ويدلّ عليه قول عبيد الله بن قيس الرقيات:
أقفرت بعد عبد شمس كداء ... فكديّ فالركن فالبطحاء
فمنى فالجمار من عبد شمس ... مقفرات فبلدح فحراء
فالخيام التي بعسفان فالجح ... فة منهم فالقاع فالأبواء
موحشات إلى تعاهن فالسّق ... يا قفار من عبد شمس خلاء
وقال الأحوص:
رام قلبي السّلوّ عن أسماء ... وتعزّى وما به من عزاء
إنني والذي يحجّ قريش ... بيته سالكين نقب كداء
لم ألمّ بها وإن كنت منها ... صادرا كالذي وردت بداء
كذا قال أبو بكر بن موسى ولا أرى فيه دليلا، وفيهما يقول أيضا:
أنت ابن معتلج البطاح كديّها وكدائها
وقال صاحب كتاب مشارق الأنوار: كداء وكديّ وكدى وكداء، ممدود غير مصروف بفتح أوله، بأعلى مكة، وكديّ: جبل قرب مكة، قال الخليل: وأما كدى، مقصور منوّن مضموم الأول، الذي بــأسفــل مكة والمشلّل هو لمن خرج إلى اليمن وليس من طريق النبيّ، صلى الله عليه وسلم، في شيء، قال ابن الموّاز: كداء التي دخل منها النبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، هي العقبة الصغرى التي بأعلى مكة وهي التي تهبط منها إلى الأبطح والمقبرة منها عن يسارك، وكدى التي خرج منها هي العقبة الوسطى التي بــأسفــل مكة، وفي حديث الهيثم بن خارجة: أن النبيّ، صلى الله عليه وسلم، دخل من كدى التي بأعلى مكة، بضم الكاف مقصورة، وتابعه على ذلك وهيب وأسامة، وقال عبيد بن إسماعيل: دخل، عليه الصلاة والسلام، عام الفتح من أعلى مكة من كداء، ممدود مفتوح، وخرج هو من كدى، مضموم ومقصور، وكذا في حديث عبيد بن إسماعيل عند الجماعة، وهو الصواب إلّا أن الأصيلي ذكره عن أبي زيد بالعكس:
دخل النبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، من كداء وخالد ابن الوليد من كدى، وفي حديث ابن عمر: دخل في الحجّ من كداء، ممدود مصروف، من الثنية العليا التي بالبطحاء وخرج من الثنية السفلى، وفي حديث عائشة: أنه دخل من كداء من أعلى مكة، ممدود، وعند الأصيلي مهمل في هذا الموضع، قال:
كان عروة يدخل من كلتيهما من كداء وكديّ، وكذا قال القابسي غير أن الثاني عنده كدي، غير مشدد ولكن تحت الياء كسرتان أيضا، وعند أبي ذرّ القصر في الأول مع الضم وفي الثاني الفتح مع المدّ، وأكثر ما كان يدخل من كدى مضموم مقصور للأصيلي والهروي، ولغيره مشدد الياء، وذكر البخاري بعد عن عروة من حديث عبد الوهاب: أكثر ما كان يدخل من كدى، مضموم للأصيلي والحموي وأبي الهيثم ومفتوح مقصور للقابسي والمستملي، ومن حديث أبي موسى: دخل النبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، من كدى، مقصور مضموم، وبعده أكثر ما كان يدخل من كدى، كذا مثل الأصيلي، وعند القابسي وأبي ذرّ كدى، بالفتح والقصر، وعنه أيضا هنا كديّ، بالضم والتشديد، وفي حديث محمود عكس ما تقدم: دخل من كداء وخرج من كدى لكافّتهم، وعند المستملي عكس ذلك، وهو أشهر، وفي شعر حسن في مسلم:
موعدها كداء، وفي حديث هاجر: مقبلين من
كداء، وفيه: فلما بلغوا كدى، وروى مسلم: دخل عامّ الفتح من كداء من أعلى مكة، بالمدّ للرّواة إلا السمرقندي فعنده كدى، بالضم والقصر، وفيه قال هشام: كان أبي أكثر ما يدخل من كدى، رويناه بالضم ورواه قوم بالمدّ والفتح، قال القالي:
كداء، ممدود غير مصروف، وهو معرفة بنفسها، وأما الذي في حديث عائشة في الحج: ثم لقينا عند كذا وكذا، فهو بذال معجمة، كناية عن موضع وليس باسم موضع بعينه، قلت: بهذا كما تراه يحجب عن القلب الصواب بكثرة اختلافه، والله المستعان، وقال أبو عبد الله الحميدي ومحمد بن أبي نصر: قال لنا الشيخ الفقيه الحافظ أبو محمد علي بن أحمد بن سعيد بن حزم الأندلسي وقرأته عليه غير مرة كداء الممدود هو بأعلى مكة عند المحصّب حلّق، عليه الصلاة والسلام، من ذي طوى إليها أي دار، وكدى، بضم الكاف وتنوين الدال، بــأسفــل مكة عند ذي طوى بقرب شعب الشافعيين وابن الزبير عند قعيقعان جبل بــأسفــل مكة حلّق، عليه الصلاة والسلام، منها إلى المحصّب فكأنه، عليه الصلاة والسلام، ضرب دائرة في دخوله وخروجه، بات، عليه الصلاة والسلام، بذي طوى ثم نهض إلى مكة فدخل منها وفي خروجه خرج على أسفــل مكة ثم رجع إلى المحصّب، وأما كديّ، مصغر، فإنما هو لمن خرج من مكة إلى اليمن وليس من هذين الطريقين في شيء، وقال أبو سعيد مولى فائد يرثي بني أمية فقال:
بكيت، وماذا يردّ البكا؟ ... وقلّ البكاء لقتلى كدا
أصيبوا معا فتولّوا معا، ... كذلك كانوا معا في رخا
بكت لهم الأرض من بعدهم، ... وناحت عليهم نجوم السّما
وكانوا ضيائي، فلما انقضى ... زماني بقومي تولّى الضيا

عرب

1 عَرُبَ لِسَانُهُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرُوبَةٌ, His tongue [or speech] was, or became, Arabic, (S, O,) or chaste Arabic. (Msb.) b2: See also 4, first sentence, in three places.

A2: عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَرَبٌ, He (a man) became disordered in the stomach by indigestion. (TA.) And عَرِبَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ, inf. n. as above, His stomach became in a corrupt, or disordered, state, (S, O, Msb, K,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) said of a camel's hump, (O, TA,) It became swollen and purulent. (O, K, TA.) b3: And, said of a wound, (S, O, K, TA,) It became corrupt: (TA:) or it broke open again; or became recrudescent: (S, O:) or it had a scar remaining after it had healed. (K.) b4: Said of a river, It abounded with water. (K.) and عَرِبَتِ البِئْرُ The well contained much water; or its water became abundant. (K.) b5: And, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَرَبٌ (O, * K, * TA) and عَرَابَةٌ, said of a man, (TA,) He was, or became, brisk, lively, or sprightly. (K, TA.) A3: عَرَبَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَرْبٌ, (TK,) He ate (O, K) food. (TK.) 2 عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (S,) He (an Arab) arabicized a foreign word; spoke it, or pronounced it, agreeably with the ways of Arabic speech; (S;) as also ↓ اعرب, (S, O, *) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) b2: And He taught another the Arabic language. (TA, from a trad.) b3: See also 4, in fourteen places. b4: The inf. n. signifies also The showing, or declaring, one's saying, (K, TA,) and one's deed, (TA,) to be bad, evil, abominable, or foul. (K, TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He showed him, or declared to him, that his saying, and his deed, was bad, &c.; and upbraided him for it. (TA.) And فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَمَا عَرَّبَ عَلَىَّ أَحَدٌ I did so and so, and no one upbraided me; or charged me with having acted disgracefully. (Az, TA.) And عرّب عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, (S, O,) and قَوْلَهُ, (TA,) He showed him, or declared to him, that his deed was bad, evil, abominable, or foul, (S, O,) and so his saying. (TA.) تَعْرِيبٌ is The saying to a man who has uttered what is foul, or erroneous, “It is not so, but so; ” telling him what is more correct. (Sh, TA.) And The replaying against a speaker; (K, TA;) and so ↓ إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He replied against him, denying or disallowing or disapproving what he said: (S:) or he prevented, hindered, or forbade, him: or he did so, and denied or disallowed or disapproved [what he said or did]. (TA.) [See what next follows.] b5: Also The treating medically, to remove his disease, one whose stomach is in a corrupt, or disordered, state. (O, K. [In both, التَّعْرِيبُ is expl. as meaning تَمْرِيضُ العَرِبِ i. e. الذَّرِبِ المَعِدَةِ. Freytag has strangely rendered the verb as signifying “ ægrotum reddidit aliquem stomachi corruptio. ”]) Az says that التَّعْرِيبُ followed by عَلَى and having for its object him who says what is disapproved may be from this. (TA.) b6: Also The lopping a palm-tree; or pruning it by cutting off some of its branches. (S, O, K. *) b7: And The scarifying a horse or similar beast in the parts of the skin next the hoofs and then cauterizing those parts: (K, TA:) or the cauterizing a horse in several places in those parts, and then gently scarifying them without producing any effect upon the sinews, or tendons, (Az, O, TA,) in order to strengthen the parts, (Az, TA,) or in order that the hair may become strong: (O:) or عرّب الفَرَسَ signifies he made an incision in the bottom of the horse's hoof; and the verb implies that, by this operation, what was concealed becomes apparent to the eye, so that one knows the state of the hoof, whether it be hard or soft, sound or diseased. (L, TA. See also 1 in art. بزغ.) A2: Also, the inf. n., The getting, or procuring for oneself, an Arabian horse. (TA. [See also 4, near the end.]) b2: And The taking, or making, for oneself, an Arabian bow. (O, K.) A3: Also the drinking much clear, or limpid, water, (O, K,) which is termed عَرِب. (O.) A4: عرّب البَقَرَةَ, (K,) or ↓ أَعْرَبَهَا, (O,) He rendered the cow desirous [of copulation]; said of a bull. (O, K.) A5: And عرّب, (Fr, Mgh, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; (Fr, O, K;) and ↓ اعرب, (Fr, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; (Fr, Mgh, K;) and ↓ عَرْبَنَ; (O, and S and K in art. عربن;) He gave what is termed an عُرْبُون (O, Msb, K) or عُرْبَان (Fr, Mgh) [i. e. an earnest], فِى كَذَا [in the case of such a thing], (O,) or فِى بَيْعِهِ [in the case of his purchase]. (Msb.) One says, ↓ أَعْرَبُوا فِى الدَّارِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ They paid in advance, as an earnest, in the case of the house, four hundred [dirhems]. (L, TA.) It is related in a trad. that ↓ الإِعْرَاب in buying and selling is forbidden: (Mgh, O, TA:) this is said by Sh to mean A man's saying to another, If I do not purchase this for so much, thou shalt have such and such of my property. (O, TA.) 3 عَاْرَبَ [The following ex. is given of the inf. n. of this verb.] One says, مَا أُوتِىَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُعَارَبَةِ النِّسَآءِ مَا أُوتِىَ فُلَانٌ, (O,) or مَا أُوتِيتُهُ أَنَا, (TA,) meaning, (O, TA,) app., (TA,) [No one has been given what such a one has been given, or what I have been given, of] the means of coïtus [with women]. (O, TA.) 4 اعرب, (Az, Msb, TA,) [for اعرب الكَلَامَ, like افصح for افصح الكَلَامَ,] inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (A, K,) He spoke clearly, plainly, distinctly, or intel-ligibly, (Az, A, Msb, K, * TA,) in Arabic; (Msb;) as also ↓ تعرّب, and ↓ استعرب; said of a foreigner, or one [previously] not clear, plain, distinct, or intelligible, in speech: (Az, Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرْبٌ and عُرُوبٌ, accord. to Th, and عُرْبَةٌ and عِرَابَةٌ [which accord. to general analogy would be عَرَابَةٌ] and عُرُوبِيَّةٌ; (TA;) or ↓ عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) [likewise] signifies he spoke clearly, plainly, or distinctly, after being barbarous, or vitious, in speech: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ he spoke without incorrectness; (Msb;) and [so اعرب, for] إِعْرَابٌ signifies the committing no error in speech: (K, TA:) and the expressing of meanings clearly, plainly, distinctly, or perspicuously, by words. (TA.) [↓ عرّب, also, has a similar meaning:] it is said in a trad., أَنْ ↓ كَانُوا يَسْتَحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُلَقِّنُوا الصَّبِىَّ حِينَ يُعَرِّبُ يَقُولَ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ (O, TA) i. e. [They used to like teaching the boy,] when he spoke distinctly, or articulately, [to say “ There is no deity but God ” seven times.] (TA.) And one says, اعرب الكَلَامَ, and اعرب بِهِ, meaning He made the speech [that he spoke] clear, plain, distinct, or perspicuous. (TA.) And اعرب بِحُجَّتِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, his argument, plea, allegation, or the like, without fearing any one. (S, O.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الشَّىْءَ and اعربت عَنْهُ, and ↓ عَرَّبْتُهُ and عرّبت عَنْهُ, which last, accord. to Fr, is better than عرّبتهُ and اعربتهُ, I made the thing clear, plain, distinct, or manifest. (Msb.) And اعرب عَمَّا فِى ضَمِيرِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, what was in his mind. (TA.) And اعرب عَنْهُ لِسَانُهُ, and ↓ عرّب عنه, His tongue made clear, or plain, or spoke clearly, or plainly, for him: and عَمَّا فِى ↓ يُعَرِّبُ قَلْبِهِ لِسَانُهُ His tongue tells plainly, or declares, what is in his heart. (Az, TA.) It is said in a trad., الثَّيِّبُ تُعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا, (S,) or الأَيِّمُ, and ↓ تُعَرِّبُ, accord. to different relaters, but some say the former only, (Msb,) i. e. [She who has become a widow, or been divorced, &c., or she who has no husband, whether she be a virgin or not, or not being a virgin,] shall speak out plainly for herself [when demanded in marriage]: (S, Msb:) or الثَّيِّبُ يُعْرِبُ عَنْهَا لِسَانُهَا, so accord. to IKt, (O,) or عنها ↓ يُعَرِّبُ, (Mgh, O,) so accord. to A 'Obeyd, but, as IAmb says, both are dial. vars. of which neither is preferable to the other; and the meaning is [she who has become a widow, &c., her tongue] shall declare for her. (O.) One says also, اعرب عَنِ الرَّجُلِ He spoke out, or explained, for the man. (TA.) And عَنِ القَوْمِ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ I spoke for the people, or party; (Fr, S, Mgh, * O, K;) and pleaded for them; (Fr, Mgh, * TA;) as also أَعْرَبْتُ; but the former in this sense is better known. (Mgh.) And اعرب عَنْهُ, and عنه ↓ عرّب, He pleaded his cause. (TA.) and عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ ↓ عرّب He spoke and pleaded for the object of his want. (A.) b2: اعرب also signifies He was, or became, chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech; although not an Arab. (Msb.) And لَهُ الكَلَامَ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ, inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; as also أَعْرَبْتُ له, inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; I made the speech [that I spoke] clear, or plain, to him, so that there was in it no barbarousness. (TA.) And مَنْطِقَهُ ↓ عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (K,) He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness. (S, O, K.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الحَرْفَ I made the حرف [i. e. word] clear, or plain: or the ا in this case denotes privation, and the meaning is (assumed tropical:) I removed its عرب, [app. ↓ عَرَب, from this word as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.,] i. e. vagueness. (Msb.) And اعرب كَلَامَهُ He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness, in [what is termed] الإِعْرَاب [here meaning what grammarians generally intend thereby, namely, desinential syntax, or the science of the various inflections of words, literal or virtual, by reason of the various governing words]. (S, O.) [اعرب is also used by grammarians as meaning He declined a word; and أُعْرِبَ as meaning It was declined, or declinable; in these senses opposed to بَنَى and بُنِىَ, inf. n. بِنَآءٌ: and the former also as meaning He analyzed grammatically, or parsed, a sentence: and the inf. n. of the verb (act. and pass.) in these senses is إِعْرَابٌ.] b3: See also 2, first sentence: b4: and again in the first third part of the paragraph. b5: إِعْرَابٌ also signifies The making [a person] to revert from, or relinquish, foul speech; (K, TA;) and so ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ. (TA.) b6: And The speaking foul, or obscene, language; as also ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ, and ↓ اِسْتِعْرَابٌ: (O, K:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K, TA.) One says of a man, اعرب [&c.], (S, O,) or اعرب فِى كَلَامِهِ, (Msb,) He spoke foul, or obscene, language. (S, O, Msb.) [Golius and Freytag have assigned this meaning to ↓ تعرّب also: the latter of them as from the S and K; in neither of which do I find it.] b7: And The act of copulating: or the speaking of that act in an oblique, or indirect, manner. (K.) A2: and اعرب, (S, O,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (K,) He had a child born to him of Arabian complexion, or colour. (S, O, K.) b2: And He possessed, or acquired, or sought to acquire, horses, or camels, of pure Arabian race. (TA. [See also 2, in the middle of the latter half; and see مُعْرِبٌ.]) b3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies One's knowing a horse of pure Arabian race from one of mean race by his neighing. (K.) And A horse's being known by his neighing to be of pure Arabian race, free from any admixture of other than Arabian blood: (K, TA:) [or his making himself to be known as such by his neighing; for] اعرب means he (a horse) neighed, and was consequently known to be of Arabian race. (A.) b4: And The making a horse to run. (K.) Accord. to Fr, one says, اعرب عَلَى فَرَسِهِ, meaning He made his horse to run: but he adds that some say اغرب. (O.) A3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies The taking as one's wife a woman such as is termed عَرُوبٌ [q. v.]. (K.) A4: اعرب سَقْىُ القَوْمِ meansThe people's watering [of their camels], having been at one time on alternate days, and another time on the fourth day after that of the next preceding watering, then became, and continued to be, of one uniform way. (S, O.) A5: See also 2, last four sentences.5 تعرّب He assimilated himself to the Arabs. (S.) He (a man not of genuine Arabian descent) introduced himself among the Arabs, and spoke their language, and imitated their manner or appearance; [he became a naturalized, or an insitious, Arab; (see العَرَبُ;)] as also ↓ استعرب. (Az, TA.) b2: He became an Arab of the desert; (S, Mgh;) he returned to the desert, (Az, Mgh, TA,) after he had been dwelling in a region of cities or towns or villages and of cultivated land, and joined himself to the Arabs of the desert. (Az, TA.) Hence, تعرّب بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ He became an Arab of the desert [after his flight, or emigration, for the sake of El-Islám], (S, Mgh,) returning to the desert. (Mgh.) b3: He dwelt, or abode, in the desert. (O, K.) b4: See also 4, first sentence. b5: تَعَرَّبَتْ لِزَوْجِهَا She acted in an amorous manner, or with amorous dalliance, and mani-fested love, to her husband. (A, TA.) b6: Respecting a meaning assigned to تعرّب by Golius and Freytag, see 4, latter half.10 استعرب: see 5: b2: see also 4, first sentence: b3: and the same again in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: استعرب جَرَبًا, said of a camel, He was affected with mange, or scab, which began in his armpits and groins or similar parts, and his lips, and appeared upon the general extent of his skin. (O.) b2: And استعربت, said of a cow, She desired the bull. (O, K.) Q. Q. 1 عَرْبَنَ: see 2, near the end.

عَرْبٌ is syn. with إِعْرَابٌ in the sense of إِفْصَاحٌ [but app. as a subst. (not an inf. n.) meaning Clear, plain, or distinct, speech]. (TA.) b2: and syn. with عِرَابَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) b3: And syn. with عَرَبٌ as [inf. n. of عَرِبَ, and] meaning نَشَاطٌ [i. e. Briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness]. (O, K.) العُرْبُ: see العَرَبُ, first sentence.

عِرْبٌ Such as is dried up, of the [species of barley-grass called] بُهْمَى: (S, O, K:) or of any herb, or leguminous plant: n. un. with ة: or عِرْبُ البُهْمَى signifies the prickles of the بُهْمَى. (TA.) العَرَبُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ العُرْبُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) A certain people, or nation; [the Arabs, or Arabians;] (S, O;) the contr. of العَجَمُ (A, Msb, K, TA) and العُجْمُ; (TA;) the inhabitants of the cities, or large towns, (S, A, O, K,) or of the Arabian cities and towns or villages: (Mgh:) [but now, on the contrary, generally applied to those who dwell in the desert:] or those who have alighted and made their abode in the cultivated regions, and have taken as their homes the Arabian cities and towns or villages, and others also that are related to them: (Az, Msb:) or [accord. to general usage] an appellation of common application [to the whole nation]: (T, K:) [and in the lexicons and lexicological works applied to the desert Arabs of pure speech:] it is of the fem. gender: (Msb, K:) and العَرَبُ has two pls., namely, العُرُبُ, with two dammehs, and الأَعْرُبُ [which is a pl. of pauc.]: (Msb:) the rel. n. [which serves as a sing.] is ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (S, O, K: [عَرَبٌ عَرَبِىٌّ in the CK is a mistake:]) accord. to Az, (TA,) this appellation is applied to a man of established Arab lineage, even if he be not chaste, or correct, in speech. (Msb, TA.) The dim. of العَرَبُ is ↓ العُرَيْبُ, (S, O,) without ة, (O, TA,) an extr. word [with respect to analogy, as the undiminished noun is fem.]: (TA:) a poet (Abu-l-Hindee, whose name was 'Abd-El-Mu-min, son of 'AbdEl-Kuddoos, O, TA) says, وَمَكْنُ الضِّبَابِ طَعَامُ العُرَيْبِ وَلَا تَشْتَهِيهِ نُفُوسُ العَجَمْ

[And the eggs of dabbs are food of the little Arabs; but the souls of the Foreigners do not desire them]: in which he uses the dim. form to imply respect, or honour, like as it is used in the saying أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا المُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا المُرَجَّبُ [expl. in art. جذل]. (S, O.) b2: ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ (in which the latter word is used as a corroborative of the former as in لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ, S, O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ (O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ (K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَاتُ (CK [but this I do not find in any other copy of the K]) are appellations of The pure, or genuine Arabs: (S, A, O, K:) or those who spoke the language of Yaarub Ibn-Kahtán; which is the ancient language: (Msb:) and ↓ العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) as also ↓ العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ, (S, O, K,) is an appellation of The insititious [or naturalized Arabs]; (K;) those who are not pure, or genuine, Arabs: (S, O:) or those who spoke the language of Ismá'eel [or Ishmael] the son of Ibráheem [or Abraham], i. e., the dialects of El-Hijáz and the parts adjacent thereto: (Msb:) and the appellation of ↓ مُسْتَعْرِبَةٌ is thought by Az to apply [also] to people not of pure Arabian descent, who have introduced themselves among the Arabs, and speak their language, and imitate their manner or appearance. (TA.) [The former division is most reasonably considered as consisting of the extinct tribes ('Ád, Thamood, and others mentioned in what follows); or of these together with the unmixed descendants of Kahtán, whose claims to the appellation of genuine Arabs are held by many to be equally valid: and the latter division, as consisting of those whose origin is referred, through Ma'add and 'Adnán, to Ismá'eel (or Ishmael), whose wife was descended from Kahtán. What I find in the TA, on this subject, is as follows.] The former of these two divisions consisted of nine tribes, descendants of Irem [or Aram] the son of Sám [or Shem] the son of Nooh [or Noah]; namely, 'Ád, Thamood, Umeiyim, 'Abeel, Tasm, Jedees, 'Imleek [or Amalek], Jurhum, and Webári; and from them Ismá'eel [or Ishmael is said to have] learned the Arabic language: and the ↓ مُتَعَرِّبَة are [said to be] the descendants of Ismá'eel, the descendants of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán the son of Udd: so says Abu-l-Khattáb Ibn-Dihyeh, surnamed Dhun-Nesebeyn: or the former division consisted of seven tribes, namely, 'Ád, Thamood, 'Imleek, Tasm, Jedees, Umeiyim, and Jásim; the main portion of whom has become extinct, some remains of them, only, being scattered among the [existing] tribes: so says IDrd: and the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ is also given to the descendants of Yaarub the son of Kahtán [only]. (TA.) [It should be observed, however, that the appellation of ↓ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ is, by those who hold the extinct tribes above mentioned as the only genuine Arabs, applied to the unmixed descendants of Kahtán; and ↓ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, to those who are held to be the descendants of Ismá'eel: thus in the Mz, 1st نوع.

Also, it should be observed that the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبِةُ, in the conventional language of Arabic lexicology, is often applied to the Arabs of the classical ages, and the later Arabs of the desert who retained the pure language of their ancestors, indiscriminately: it is thus applied by writers quoted in the Mz (1st نوع) to all the descendants of Kahtán, and those of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán (through whom all the descendants of Ismá'eel trace their ancestry) who lived before the corruption, among them, of the Arabic language.] b3: ↓ الأَعْرَابُ is the appellation given to Those [Arabs] who dwell in the desert; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) such as go about in search of herbage and water; and Az adds, whether of the Arabs or of their freedmen: he says that it is applied to those who alight and abide in the desert, and are neighbours of the dwellers in the desert, and journey, or migrate, with them, to seek after herbage and water: (Msb:) it is not a pl. of العَرَبُ, not being like الأَنْبَاطُ, which is pl. of النَّبَطُ; (S, O;) but is a [coll.] gen. n.: (S:) الأَعَارِيبُ occurs as its pl. (S, O, K) in chaste poetry: (S:) it has no sing. [properly so termed]: (K:) the rel. n. is ↓ أَعْرَابِىٌّ, (S, O,) which is applied to single person; (Msb;) as also بَدَوِىٌّ: (TA:) Az says, if one say to an أَعْرَابِىّ, يَا عَرَبِىُّ, he is pleased; and if one say to an عَرَبِىّ, يَا أَعْرَابِىُّ, he is angry. (TA.) b4: Authors differ as to the cause why the عَرَب were thus called: some say, because of the perspicuity of their speech, from إِعْرَابٌ: others, that they were so called from Yaarub the son of Kahtán, who is said to have been the first that spoke the Arabic language; his original language having been, as asserted by IDrd, [what the Arabs term] Syriac; though some say that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the Arabic language; and some, that Yaarub was the first that spoke Arabic, and that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the pure Arabic of El-Hijáz, in which the Kur-án was revealed: others say that the عَرَب were so called from العَرَبَةُ, the name of a tract near El-Medeeneh, or a name of Mekkeh and the adjacent region, where Ismá'eel settled, or the same as Tihámeh [as is said in the Mgh, in which this is pronounced to be the most correct derivation], or the general name of the peninsula of Arabia, which is also called العَرَبَاتُ [as is said in the Msb]: but some say that they were so called in like manner as were the فُرْس and the رُوم and the تُرْك and others, not after the name of a land or other than a land, but by the coining of the name, not a term expressive of a quality or a state or condition &c. (TA.) [If the country were called العَرَبَةُ, an inhabitant thereof might be called, agreeably with analogy, عَرَبِىٌّ; and then, the people collectively, العَرَبُ: but I think that the most probable derivation is from the old Hebrew word

עְרֶב, meaning “ a mixed people,”

which the Arabs assert themselves to have been, almost from the first; and in favour of this derivation it may be reasonably urged that the old Himyeritic language agrees more in its vocabulary with the Hebrew and Phœnician than it does with the classical and modern Arabic.]

A2: See also عَرَبَةٌ.

A3: And see عَرِبٌ.

A4: [It also app. signifies (assumed tropical:) Vagueness (considered as an unsoundness) in a word; from the same as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.:] see 4, latter half.

عَرِبٌ [part. n. of عَرِبَ, q. v.: as such signifying] Having the stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state. (O, K.) And مَعِدَةٌ عَرِبَةٌ A stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state, (S, O, TA,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ عَرَبٌ, (O, K,) the former of which is the more common, (TA,) and ↓ عُرْبُبٌ, (O, K,) Abundant water, (O, K,) such as is clear, or limpid. (K.) And نَهْرٌ عَرِبٌ (TA) and ↓ عَارِبٌ and ↓ عَارِبَةٌ (K) A river containing abundance of water. (K, TA.) And بِئْرٌ عَرِبَةٌ A well containing much water. (K.) b3: عَرِبَةٌ applied to a woman: see عَرُوبٌ, in four places. b4: العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ and العَرِبَاتُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter.

عَرْبَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ.

عَرَبَةٌ A river that flows with a vehement, or strong, current. (S, O, K.) A2: And i. q. نَفْسٌ [The soul, mind, or self]. (S, O, K.) [It is thought to occur in a pl. sense, without ة, as a coll. gen. n., in the following sense, quoted in the S immediately after the explanation above.] A poet says, (S,) namely, Ibn-Meiyádeh, (O,) لَمَّا أَتَيْتُكَ أَرْجُو فَضْلَ نَائِلِكُمْ

↓ نَفَحْتَنِى نَفَحَةً طَابَتْ لَهَا العَرَبُ [When I came to thee, hoping for the redundance of your bounty, thou gavest me a gift with which the souls were pleased]: (S, O:) thus related by some, and expl. as meaning طَابَتْ لَهَا النُّفُوسُ: but the [approved] relation is, طَارَتْ بِهَا العَرَبُ [(assumed tropical:) which the Arabs made to fly upon the wings of fame], i. e. حَدَّثَتِ العَرَبُ النَّاسَ بِهَا [meaning (assumed tropical:) of which the Arabs talked to the people]. (O.) A3: Also sing. of عَرَبَاتٌ (TA) which is the name of Certain stationary vessels that used to be in the Tigris. (K, TA.) b2: [As meaning A wheel-carriage of any kind (which is commonly called in Egypt عَرَبِيَّة) it is post-classical.]

العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter: and see عَرْبَانُ.

عُرْبُبٌ: see عَرِبٌ.

عَرَبِىٌّ; and العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter. b2: لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمْ عَرَبِيًّا, (Mgh, O, K, TA,) in a trad., or, as some relate it, ↓ العَرَبِيَّةَ, (TA,) means Engrave not on your signets مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ; (Mgh, O, K, TA;) because this was engraved on the Prophet's own signet: (O, TA:) as though he had said, نَبِيًّا عَرَبِيًّا [an Arabian prophet]; meaning himself. (O, K, TA.) Omar said, ↓ لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمُ العَرَبِيَّةَ [Engrave not on your signets Arabic]: and Ibn-'Omar disapproved of engraving on a signet words from the Kur-án. (Mgh, * O, TA.) [عَرَبِىُّ الوَجْهِ often occurs in post-classical works as meaning Having an Arab face; i. e. long-faced; opposed to تُرْكِىُّ الوَجْهِ.] b3: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A white barley, the ears of which are bifurcate [so I render, agreeably with the TK, سُنْبُلُهُ حَرْفَانِ]: (K, TA:) it is wide, and its grain is large, larger than the grain of the barley of El-'Irak, and it is the best of barley. (TA.) العَرَبِيَّةُ The Arabic language; (S, TA;) the language of the Kur-án. (Msb.) Katádeh says that the tribe of Kureysh used to cull, or select, what was most excellent in the dialects of the Arabs, [in the doing of which they were aided by the confluence of pilgrims from all parts of the country,] so that their dialect became the most excellent of all, and the Kur-án was therefore revealed in that dialect. (TA.) See also عَرَبِىٌّ, in two places. b2: And see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرْبَانُ [written in the TA without any syll. signs, but it is app. thus, fem. عَرْبَآءُ (like حَيْرَآءُ fem. of حَيْرَانُ), whence, probably, the appellation ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ,] A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech: so in the Towsheeh. (TA.) [See also عَرِيبٌ.]

عُرْبَانٌ and عُرُبَّانٌ: see what next follows.

عَرَبُونٌ and عُرْبُونٌ and ↓ عُرْبَانٌ (Mgh, * O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُرُبَّانٌ, mentioned on the authority of Ibn-Es-Seed, as of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and عَرْبُونٌ, mentioned by AHei, but this last is a vulgar word, and is disallowed by Lb; (TA;) as also أَرَبُونٌ and أُرْبُونٌ and أُرْبَانٌ; (Mgh, * Msb, K;) [An earnest, or earnest-money;] a portion of the price, whereby a bargain is ratified; (K, TA;) a thing that is paid by the purchaser of a commodity, (Mgh, O, Msb,) or by the hirer of a thing, (Msb,) on the condition that if the sale (Mgh, O, Msb) or hire (Msb) have effect, it shall be reckoned as part of the price, and otherwise shall not be reclaimed; (Mgh, O, Msb;) called by the vulgar رَبُون: (O:) it is forbidden in a trad., (Mgh, O, TA,) and by most of the lawyers, but allowed by some: (TA:) عربون is said by As to be a foreign word arabicized, (Msb,) and so say many authors; though it is said by some of the expositors of the Fs to be from التَّعْرِيبُ signifying “ the making clear, plain,” &c.; اربون being also derived from أُرْبَةٌ signifying “ a knot: ” (TA:) and [it is said that] the ن in عربون and عربان may be augmentative or radical, because one says أَعْرَبَ فِى كَذَا and عَرْبَنَ. (O.) b2: [Hence,] أَلْقَى عَرَبُونَهُ (assumed tropical:) He ejected his excrement, or ordure. (O, K, TA.) عِرْبِيَآءُ: see عَرُوبَآءُ.

عَرَابٌ The fruit of the species of tree called خَزَم [q. v.], of the bark of which [tree] ropes are made: (O, K, TA:) [beads which are used in prayer are made thereof, (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees,) i. e., of the berries thus called, and] it [the fruit] is eaten by the apes, or monkeys, and sometimes, in a case of hunger, by men: n. un. with ة. (O, TA.) خَيْلٌ عِرَابٌ Horses of pure Arabian race; (Mgh, K;) opposed to بَرَاذِينُ; (S, O, Msb;) also termed ↓ أَعْرُبٌ and ↓ مُعْرِبَةٌ, (K,) which last [erroneously written in the CK مَعْرِبَةٌ] is fem. of مُعْرِبٌ, signifying a horse having no strain of admixture of other than Arabian blood: (Ks, S, O:) one of such horses is [also] termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (Mgh, Msb:) by the pl. عِرَابٌ, they distinguish beasts from human beings. (Mgh.) b2: And إِبِلٌ عِرَابٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ أَعْرُبٌ (TA) Camels of pure Arabian race: (K;) opposed to بَخَاتِىٌّ. (S, O, Msb.) b3: And بَقَرٌ عِرَابٌ A goodly sort of oxen, of generous race, with short and fine hair, smooth, or sleek, (Msb,) having even backs, and thick hoofs and hides: one of which is termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA voce دَرَبَانِيَّةٌ.) عَرُوبٌ A woman who manifests love to her husband; (IAar, S, O, K, TA;) and is obedient to him; (IAar, TA;) as also ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ: (TA:) and (so in the O and TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman disobedient to her husband; (IAar, O, K, TA;) unfaithful to him by unchastity; corrupt in her mind: (IAar, O, TA:) as though having two contr. meanings; [the latter meaning] from عَرْب [a mistranscription for عَرَب] signifying

“ corruptness ” of the stomach: (O:) or who loves him passionately, or excessively: or who manifests love to him, evincing passionate, or excessive, desire: [lit., evincing that; meaning what is expressed by the words immediately preceding it; for otherwise this last explanation would be the same as the first; and as I have rendered it, it is nearly the same as an explanation in the Expos. of the Jel (lvi. 36), manifesting love to her husband, by reason of passionate, or excessive, desire:] (K:) and (so in the TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman who is a great laugher: and ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signify the same: (K:) the pl. of the first is عُرُبٌ (S, O, K) and عُرْبٌ; (TA;) and the pl. of ↓ عَرِبَةٌ is عَرِبَاتٌ: (K:) IAth says that ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signifies a woman who is eager for play, or sport: and عُرُبٌ, he adds, is pl. of ↓ عَرِيبٌ, which signifies a woman of goodly person, who manifests love to her husband: and it is also said that عُرُبٌ signifies women who use amorous gesture or behaviour, and coquettish boldness, with feigned coyness or opposition: or who make a show of, or act with, lasciviousness: or passionately loving: and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ and عَرُوبٌ, accord. to Lh, signify a woman passionately loving, and lascivious. (TA.) عَرِيبٌ i. q. ↓ مُعْرِبٌ, which means, accord. to Az, A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] مَا بِالدَّارِ عَرِيبٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مُعْرِبٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) There is not in the house any one: (S, O, K:) used [in this sense] as applying to either sex, but only in a negative phrase. (TA.) b3: See also عَرُوبٌ, latter half.

العُرَيْبُ: see العَرَبُ (of which it is the dim.), second sentence.

عَرَابَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ. b2: Also Coïtus. (TA.) A2: And A bag with which the udder of a sheep, or goat, is covered: pl. عَرَابَاتٌ. (IAar, O, K.) عِرَابَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَرَابَةٌ (O, TA) and ↓ عَرْبَةٌ (O) or ↓ عَرْبٌ (TA) Foul, or obscene, speech or talk; (S, O, K, TA;) like إِعْرَابٌ and تَعْرِيبٌ. (K.) عَرُوبَةٌ: see عَرُوبٌ, in two places.

A2: عَرُوبَةُ (O, K) and العَرُوبَةُ (K) and (O) يَوْمُ العَرُوبَةِ (S, O) Friday; (S, O, K;) and ancient name of that day (S, O, TA) in the Time of Ignorance: (TA:) accord. to some, it is most chastely without the article; (TA;) thus it occurs in old poetry of the Time of Ignorance; (O;) and it is thought to be not Arabic; (TA;) and said to be arabicized from the Nabathæan أَرُبَا: (Har p. 340, q. v.:) accord. to others, the article is inseparable from it; and its meaning, accord. to Ibn-En-Nahhás is the manifest and magnified, from أَعْرَبَ “ he made clear, plain,” &c.; or accord. to an authority cited in the R, its meaning is mercy. (TA.) [See art. ابجد.]

عُرُوبَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ عُرُوبِيَّةٌ (K) The quality of being Arabian: (S, K, TA:) each [said to be] an inf. n. having no verb. (TA. [But see عَرُبَ at the commencement of this art. and under أَعْرَبَ.]) And ↓ عَرَبِيَّةٌ is used [in the same sense] as denoting the quality of a horse such as is termed عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA.) عَرُوبَآءُ a name of The seventh heaven: (IAth, K, TA:) or, accord. to Sub, it is ↓ عِرْبِيَآءُ, corresponding to جِرْبِيَآءُ, which is a name of “ the seventh earth; ” (TA in this art.;) or these two words are with the article ال. (TA in art. جرب.) عُرُوبِيَّةٌ: see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرَّابٌ One who makes عَرَابَات (pl. of عَرَابَةٌ) i. e. bags to cover the udders of sheep or goats. (IAar, O, K.) عَرَبْرَبٌ i. q. سُمَّاقٌ [i. e. Sumach]. (O, TA.) قِدْرٌ عَرَبْرَبِيَّةٌ i. q. سُمَّاقِيَّةٌ [app. meaning A cooking-pot in which food prepared with sumach is cooked]. (O.) عَارِبٌ and عَارِبَةٌ: see عَرِبٌ. b2: العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, in two places.

أَعْرَبُ More, or most, distinct or plain [&c.]. (TA.) الأَعْرُبُ is a pl. of العَرَبُ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

الأَعْرَابُ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

أَعْرَابِىٌّ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

مُعْرِبٌ: see عَرِيبٌ, in two places: b2: and see عِرَابٌ. b3: Also One who has horses of pure Arabian race: (S, O:) one who has with him a horse of such race: and one who possesses, or acquires, or seeks to acquire, horses, or camels, of such race. (TA.) اسْمٌ مُعَرَّبٌ [An arabicized noun;] a noun received by the Arabs from foreigners, indeterminate, [i. e. significant of a meaning, (as is said in the Mz, 19th نوع,)], such as إِبْرِيسَم [meaning “ silk ”], and, if possible, accorded to some one of the forms of Arabic words; otherwise, spoken by them as they received it; and sometimes they derived from it: but if they received it as a proper name, it is not termed مُعَرَّبٌ, but أَعْجَمِىٌّ, like إِبْرَاهِيمُ and إِسْحَاقُ. (Msb.) [مُعَرَّبٌ alone is also used in this sense, as a subst: and as such its pl. is مُعَرَّبَاتٌ: thus in the Mz, ubi suprà; and often in lexicons &c.]

العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ and see العَرَبُ, each in three places.

العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, each in three places.

لغز

1 لَغَزَهُ, aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. لَغْزٌ, (IF, A, Msb, K,) He turned it from its proper mode or manner; distorted it. (IF, A, Msb, K, TA, TK.) b2: [Hence,] لَغَزَ جِحَرَتَهُ, and ↓ أَلْغَزَهَا, He (a jerboa) made his burrows winding, or tortuous, and perplexing to the enterer thereof. And لَغَزَ فِى حَفْرِهِ, and ↓ أَلْغَزَ, He pursued a winding, or tortuous, course in his burrowing. (A.) 2 لَغَّزَ see 4.3 رَأَيْتُهُ يُلَاغِزُهُ وَيُلَامِزُهُ (tropical:) [I saw him talking enigmatically, or obscurely, with him, or to him, and making signs with him, or to him.] (A, TA.) [See also 3 in arts. حجو and عى.]4 أَلْغَزَ see 1, in two places. b2: الغز كَلَامَهُ, (A, K,) and الغز فِى كَلَامِهِ, (S, A, Msb, K,) signify alike: (K:) or the former, (tropical:) He made his speech, or language, enigmatical, or obscure; not plain: (A:) and the latter, (S, A,) or both, (K,) he made his meaning enigmatical, or obscure, in his speech, or language; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ لغّز: (A:) or the second, he used parabolical language: (Msb:) or both, he concealed a meaning different from that which he made apparent: or he was equivocal, or ambiguous, in his speech, or language, for the purpose of concealment: as in the following verse, cited by Fr: وَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ النَّسْرَ عَزَّ أَبْنَ دَأُيَةَ وَعَشَّشَ فِى وَكْرَيْهِ جَاشَتْ لَهُ نَفْسِى (tropical:) [And when I saw that the vulture had overcome the raven, and nested in his nest, (lit., in his two nests,) my soul, or stomach, heaved thereat]: the poet likens hoariness to the vulture, because of its whiteness [or grayness]; and youthfulness to the black raven, because the hair of youth is black. (TA.) You say also, الغز فِى يَمِينِهِ (tropical:) He practised [equivocation, or ambiguity, (see لُغَّيْزَى,) or] concealment, [by a mental reservation, or otherwise,] towards the person sworn to, in his oath: the doing of which is forbidden. (A.) لَغْزٌ: see لُغَزٌ, throughout.

لُغَزٌ: see لُغَزٌ, throughout.

لَغَزٌ: see لُغَزٌ, throughout.

لُغَزٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ لُغْزٌ and ↓ لَغْزٌ (K) and ↓ لَغَزٌ and ↓ لُغَيْزَآءُ (TA) A winding, or tortuous, excavation or burrow: this is the primary signification: (IAar, in explanation of لُغْزٌ:) the burrow of a jerboa, which he makes between the قَاصِعَآء and نَافِقَآء, burrowing strait downwards, and then turning crosswise to the right and left, so that his place becomes concealed: (S, K, * TA:) or the burrow of the [lizard called] ضَبّ, and of the jerboa, (A, K,) and of the rat or mouse: (K:) pl. [of the first four] أَلْغَازٌ. (S, A.) b2: Hence, (K,) أَلْغَازٌ (tropical:) Winding, or tortuous, roads, or ways, perplexing to him who pursues them. (A, * K.) You say, إِلْزَمِ الجَادَّةَ وَإِيَّاكَ وَالأَلْغَازَ (tropical:) [Keep thou to the main road, and avoid the winding, or tortuous, by-ways, which perplex him who pursues them]. (A, TA.) b3: Hence also, (S,) لُغَزٌ (S, A, Sgh, Msb, K [omitted in the copies of the K consulted by the author of the TA, through inadvertence, as he observes, but mentioned in the CK,]) and ↓ لُغْزٌ [which is now the most common form] and ↓ لُغُزٌ and ↓ لَغَزٌ (Sgh, K) and ↓ لُغَّيْزَى, (S, K,) with teshdeed to the غ, and not a dim., because the ى of the dim. does not occupy a fourth place, but like خُضَّارَى and شُقَّارَى, (S,) and ↓ لُغَيْزَآءُ, (Az, K,) like حُمَيْرَآءُ, (K,) [and app. ↓ لُغَّيْزَآءُ also, with teshdeed, (see what follows,)] and ↓ أُلْغُوزَةٌ, (K,) (tropical:) An enigma; a riddle; enigmatical, or obscure, language: (S, A, K:) or parabolical language: (Msb:) pl. (of the first four, K, TA) أَلْغَازٌ. (S, A, Msb, K.) And in like manner, يَمِينٌ

↓ لُغَّيْزَآءُ, accord. to Z, with teshdeed to the غ mentioned by Sb with خُلَّيْطَآءُ, or, accord. to Az, without teshdeed, [لُغَيْزَآءُ,] which he regards as the dim. of the form with teshdeed, like as سُكَيْتٌ is of سُكَّيْتٌ, (tropical:) An oath in which is equivocation, or ambiguity, and concealment [by mental reservation or otherwise]. (TA.) لُغُزٌ: see لُغَزٌ.

لَغَّازٌ (tropical:) One who often, or habitually, speaks evil of others in their absence; (K, TA;) as though he did so in equivocal or ambiguous language. (TA.) لُغَيْزَآءُ: see لُغَزٌ, in three places.

لُغَّيْزَى and لُغَّيْزَآءُ: see لُغَزٌ; the second in two places.

أُلْغُوزَةٌ: see لُغَزٌ.

عصد

1 عَصَدَهُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (O, K,) inf. n. عَصْدٌ, (S, O,) He twisted it; turned, or wreathed, it round or about; contorted it; wound it; or bent it; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ اعصده. (K.) b2: [Hence,] عَصَدَ العَصِيدَةَ, aor. ـِ (S, O, L, Msb,) inf. n. as above; (Msb;) and ↓ اعصدها; (O, L, Msb;) He stirred about and turned over the عصيدة with a مِعْصَد, or مِعْصَدَة; (O, * L, Msb; *) he made, or prepared, the عصيدة. (L.) b3: and عَصَدَ عُنُقَهُ, [and app. عَصَدَ alone, (see عَاصِدٌ,)] aor. ـِ inf. n. عُصُودٌ, He (a camel) bent his neck towards his withers in dying. (TA.) b4: عَصَدْتُهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ, (O, K, *) inf. n. عَصْدٌ, (O,) I made him to do the thing against his will. (O, K. *) b5: عَصَدَتْهُمُ العَصَاوِيدُ Clamours such as are raised in trial, or affliction, assailed them. (Lth, L.) A2: عَصَدَ said of an arrow, It wound, or turned, in its course, not going directly towards the butt. (L.) b2: And عَصَدَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. عُصُودٌ; (S, O, K;) as also عَصِدَ, aor. ـَ (K;) said of a man, (TA,) He died. (S, O, K.) 4 أَعْصَدَ see above, first and second sentences. Q. Q. 1 عَصْوَدُوا, (O, K.) inf. n. عَصْوَدَةٌ; (TA;) and ↓ تَعَصْوَدُوا; (O, K;) They cried out, (O, K,) and fought one another: (K:) and ↓ the latter, they raised a clamour, and became in a state of confusion. (TA.) Q. Q. 2 تَعَصْوَدُوا: see Q. Q. 1, in two places.

عَصِيدٌ Twisted; turned, or wreathed, round or about; contorted; wound; or beat; as also ↓ مَعْصُودٌ. (TA.) عَصِيدَةٌ is well known; (K;) [as being A sort of thick gruel, consisting of] wheat-flour moistened and stirred about with clarified butter, and cooked: (L;) one stirs it about, and turns it over, with a مِسْوَاط, [i. e. stick, or the like,] (also called ↓ مِعْصَدٌ and ↓ مِعْصَدَةٌ, L,) so that no part of it that has not been turned over remains in the vessel; (IF, S, O, Msb; *) and hence it is thus called; (IF, Msb:) [it is also commonly made with boiling water, flour, clarified butter, and honey:] accord. to El-Mufaddal, it is properly thus called when it is so thick that it may be chewed. (TA (??) وَطِيْئَةٌ [q. v.: see also حَرِيرَةٌ.]

عَصَوَّدٌ A long day: (IAar, K:) and so عَطَوَّدٌ and عَطَرَّدٌ. (L in arts. عطد and عطرد.) b2: and all signify A high mountain. (L in arts. عطد and عطرد.) عُصْوَادٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

عِصْوَادٌ Evil, or mischief, arising from slaughter; or mutual reviling; or clamour; so in the phrase, تَرَكْتُهُمْ فِى عِصْوَادٍ [I left them in a state of evil, &c.]: (TA:) or clamour and confusion in war or altercation; as also ↓ عَصْوَادٌ: (M, TA:) or clamour in trial or affliction: (Lth, TA:) or a formidable, or terrible, case; (S, K;) so in the phrase, وَقَعُوا فِى عِصْوَادٍ [They fell into a formidable, or terrible, case]: (S:) and هُمْ فِى

عِصْوَادٍ [They are in a formidable, or terrible, case]: (K:) or you say, هُمْ فِى عِصْوَادٍ بَيْنَهُمْ They are in trials, or afflictions, and altercations. (TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ عُصْوَادٌ, A man, and a woman, difficult, or stubborn, hard, and evil, or mischievous: (O, K:) applied to a woman, evil, or mischievous; (O;) or very evil or mischievous. (TA.) [Pl. عَصَاوِيدُ.] You say, قَوْمٌ عَصَاوِيدُ فِى الحَرْبِ A people who cleave to their adversaries in war, (O, K,) and will not quit them. (O.) b3: And عَصَاوِيدُ الكَلَامِ Distorted language; (O, K;) [as though] heaped together, one part upon another. (TA.) And عَصَاوِيدُ الظَّلَامِ Confused (O, * TA) and dense darkness. (O, * K, TA.) And in like manner عِصاويد is used in relation to camels: (K:) one says, جَآءَت الإِبِلُ عَصَاوِيدَ The camels came pressing, or crowding, one upon another: (S, O:) and accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, came in a state of dis-persion. (O.) b4: عَصَاوِيدُ signifies also Thirsty, (ISh, O, K,) applied to camels. (ISh, O.) b5: And عِصْوَادٌ signifies A fatiguing approach, (O, K,) or night-journey, (O,) to water. (O, K.) عَاصِدٌ A camel bending his neck towards his withers in dying. (S, O, K.) مِعْصَدٌ and مِعْصَدَةٌ: see عَصِيدَةٌ.

مَعْصُودٌ: see عَصِيدٌ.