دنو
1 دَنَا, (
T,
M,
Mgh,
Msb,
K, &c.,) first
Pers\.دَنَوْتُ, (
T,
S,)
aor. ـْ (
T,
Msb,)
inf. n. دُنُوٌّ (
T,
S,
M,
Msb,
K) and دَنَاوَةٌ, (
M,
K,) He, or it, was, or became, near; drew near, or approached; (
T,
M,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) as also ↓ ادنى; (
IAar,
T,
K;) and ↓ دنّى,
inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ; (
IAar,
T;) and ↓ دانى,
inf. n. مُدَانَاةٌ; (
KL, but only the
inf. n. is there mentioned;) and ↓ اِدَّنَى,
inf. n. اِدِّنَآءٌ: (
TA:) it is either in person, or substance, or in respect of predicament, and in place, and in time: (El-
Harállee,
TA:) you say, دَنَا مِنْهُ, (
M,
Mgh,
Msb,) and دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ, (
T,
S,) and إِلَيْهِ, (
M,
Msb,) and لَهُ, (
TA,) and عَلَيْهِ occurs in a verse of
Sá'ideh as meaning مِنْهُ, (
M,) He, or it, and I, was, or became, near, &c., to him, or it: (
T,
M,
Mgh,
Msb:) [and in like manner you use the other verbs mentioned above, except ↓ دانى, which is immediately
trans.: or دَنَا مِنْهُ with دَنَاوَةٌ for its
inf. n. means, or means also, He was near to him in respect of kindred; was related to him: for] دَنَاوَةٌ is
syn. with قَرَابَةٌ (
S,
M,
K) and قُرْبَى: (
M,
K:) you say, بَيْنَهُمَا دَنَاوَةٌ meaning قَرَابَةٌ [i. e. Between them two is relationship]; (
S;) and مَا تَزْدَادُ مِنَّا إِلَّا قُرْبًا وَدَنَاوَةٍ [Thou increasest not save in nearness and relationship to us]. (
ISk,
T,
S.) A rájiz says, مَا لِى أَرَاهُ دَالِفًا قَدْدُنْىَ لَهُ meaning دُنِىَ لَهُ [i. e. What hath happened to me that I see him walking gently or with short steps, or rendered lowly by age, having been approached by death?]: it is from دَنَوْتُ, but the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, and then the ن is made quiescent: and there are similar instances of contraction of verbs: but [
ISd says,] I know not دُنْىَ except in this instance; and
As used to say of the poem in which this occurs, This rejez is not ancient: it is
app. of Khalaf ElAhmar or some other of the Muwelleds. (
M.) One says also, دَنَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِلْمَغُرُوبِ and ↓ أَدْنَت [The sun was, or became, near to setting]. (
M.)
A2: دَنِىَ, (
T,
M,
K,
TA, [in the
CK, ما كانَ دَنْيَا ولقد دَنا is erroneously put for مَا كَانَ دَنِيًا وَلَقَدْ دَنِىَ,]) like رَضِىَ, (
TA,)
aor. ـْ (
T,)
inf. n. دَنًا (
T,
M,
K) and دَنَايَةٌ, (
T,
K,
TA,) or دِنَايَةٌ; (
M,
accord. to the
TT; and so in the
CK; [
app. a mistranscription occasioned by a misunderstanding of what here follows;]) the ى [in دَنِىَ] being substituted for و because of the nearness of the kesreh; all on the authority of
Lh; (
M;) and دَنُوَ,
aor. ـْ without ء,
inf. n. دَنَآءَةٌ, with ء, (
ISk,
T,) and دُنُوٌّ; (
T;) or دَنَا,
aor. ـْ
inf. n. دَنَاوَةٌ;
i. q. دَنَأَ and دَنُؤَ; (
Msb;) [i. e.] He (a man,
T,
M) was, or became, such as is termed ↓ دَنِىٌّ; (
T,
M,
Msb,
K;) and دَنِىْءٌ; (
Msb;) meaning weak; contemptible (خَسِيسٌ); not profitable to any one; who falls short in everything upon which he enters: (
T: [like مُدَنٍّ:]) or low, ignoble, or mean; (سَاقِطٌ;) weak; (
M,
K;) such as, when night affords him covert, will not quit his place, by reason of weakness: (
M:) or low, ignoble, or mean, (لَئِيمٌ,) in his actions, or conduct; bad, evil, or foul;
accord. to the explanation of دَنَا by Es-Sarakustee: but some distinguish between دَنِىْءٌ and دَنِىٌّ; making the former to signify “ low, ignoble, or mean; ” (لَئِيمٌ;) and the latter, خَسِيسٌ [
app. as meaning contemptible]. (
Msb, and so the latter is explained in the
Mgh.) 2 دَنَّوَ see 1:
A2: and 4.
b2: It is said in a
trad., سَمُّوا وَ سَمِّتُواوَ دَنُّوا, i.e. [Pronounce ye the name of God, (i. e. say, In the name of God,) and invoke a blessing upon him at whose abode or table ye eat, (see art. سمت,) and] make your words to be near together in praising God. (
M.) And in another
trad., إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَسَمُّوا اللّٰهَ وَدَنُّوا, i. e. [When ye eat, pronounce the name of God, and] eat of that which is near you: (
M:) or إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَدَنُّوا, i. e. [When ye eat,] eat of that which is next you. (
S.)
b3: دَنَّى, (
T,
M,)
inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ, (
T,) also signifies He (a man) sought after mean, paltry, or contemptible, things. (
Lh,
T,
M.) And دنّى فِى الأُمُورِ, (
inf. n. as above,
S,
K,) He pursued small matters, and mean, paltry, or contemptible: (
T,
S,
TA:) in the
K, erroneously, and great. (
TA.)
b4: Also He was, or became, weak;
syn. ضَعُفَ. (
S and
TA in art. دون.) 3 دانى,
inf. n. مُدَانَاةٌ: see 1, in two places. You say also, دَانَيْتُ الأَمْرَ I was, or became, near to [doing, or experiencing,] the affair, or event. (
M.)
b2: دَانَيْتُ القَيْدَ لِلْبَعِيرِ I made the shackles, or hobbles, strait, or contracted, to the camel. (
M,
K.) And دَانَى القَيْدُ قَيْنَىِ البَعِيرِ (
M,
TA) The shackles, or hobbles, straitened, or contracted, [the two parts of the camel that were the places thereof.] (
TA.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, دَانَى لَهُ القَيْدُ فِى دَيْمُومَةٍ قَذَفٍ
قَيْنَيْهِ وَانْحَسَرَتْ عَنْهُ الأَنَاعِيمُ [The shackles, or hobbles, straitened to him, in a far-extending, wide desert, the two parts of him that were the places thereof, and enjoyments became removed from him]. (
M.) And you say also, دَانَيْتُ بَيْنَ الأَمْرَيْنِ I made the two affairs, or events, to be nearly uninterrupted;
syn. قَارَبْتُ: (
T,
S,
Msb:) or I made the two affairs, or events, to be connected;
syn. جَمَعْتُ. (
M.) 4 ادناهُ He made him, or it, to be, or become, near; to draw near, or to approach; he drew near, or brought near, him, or it; (
S,
M,
Mgh,
K;) as also ↓ دنّاهُ, (
M,
K,)
inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ. (
K.)
b2: [Hence,] أَدْنَتْ ثَوْبَهَا عَلَيْهَا She (a woman) let down her garment upon her, and covered, or veiled, herself with it. (
Mgh.) And أَدْنَيْتُ السِّتْرَ I let down the veil, or curtain, [for the purpose of concealment.] (
Msb.) It is said in the
Kur [xxxiii. 59], يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنّ مِنْ جَلَابِيبِهِنَّ [They shall let down upon them a portion of their outer wrapping-garments]; (
Mgh;) meaning they shall let down a portion of their outer wrapping-garments over their faces, when they go forth for their needful purposes, except one eye. (
Jel.)
A2: ادنى is also
intrans.: see 1, in two places.
b2: [Hence,] أَدْنَتْ, said of a she-camel, (
S,
TA,) and of a woman, (
TA,) She was, or became, near to bringing forth. (
S,
TA.) And أَدْنَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ [a phrase similar to أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ,
q. v.]. (Occurring in a verse cited in the
TA in art. فكه.)
b3: And ادنى He lived a strait life, (
IAar,
T,
K,) after easiness and plenty. (
IAar,
T.) 5 تدنّى He (a man,
S) drew near, or approached, by little and little. (
S,
K.) 6 تَدَانَوْا They drew near, or approached, one to another. (
S,
K.)
b2: [Hence,] تدانى It (a thing) drew together, or contracted; or became drawn together or contracted. (
M* and
L in art. قلص.)
b3: And تَدَانَتْ إِبِلُ الرَّجُلَ The camels of the man became few and weak. (
M.) 8 اِدَّنَى,
inf. n. اِدِّنَآءٌ: see 1.
10 استدناهُ He sought, desired, or demanded, of him, nearness, or approach; (
M,
K,
TA;) he sought, or desired, to make him draw near, or approach: and he drew him near, or caused him to approach. (
MA. [See also 4.]) دَنًا
inf. n. of دَنِىَ,
q. v. (
T,
M,
K.)
A2: أَدْنَى دَنًا: see ادنى.
هُوَ ابْنُ عَمّ دِنْىٍ and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا and ↓ دُنْيَا mean [He is a son of a paternal uncle] closely related;
syn. لَحًّا [
q. v.]: when you pronounce the د with damm, you do not make the word perfectly
decl.: when you pronounce it with kesr, you make it either perfectly or imperfectly
decl.: but when you prefix عَمّ to a determinate noun, دِنْى may not be in the
gen. case: for instance, you say, هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ دِنْيًا, i. e. [He is the son of his paternal uncle] closely related; as also ↓ دِنْيَةٌ; because دِنْى, being indeterminate, cannot be an
epithet applied to that which is determinate: (
S:) and [in like manner] you say, هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّى, or ابن خَالِى, or ابن عَمَّتِى, or ابن خَالَتِى, or ابن أَخِى, or ابن أُخْتِى, (
M,
K,) all mentioned by
Lh, the last two as on the authority of Aboo-Safwán, but all except the first and second as unknown to
Ks and to
As, (
M,) followed by ↓ دِنْيَةٌ and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا and ↓ دُنْيَا, (
M,
K,
TA,) the last two without tenween, (
TA; [and so written in the
M; but in the
CK and my
MS. copy of the
K, in the place of these two is put دُنْيًا, which is disallowed by
J;]) meaning [He is the son of my paternal uncle, and the son of my maternal uncle, &c.,] closely related: (
M,
K:) and ↓ هُوَ عَمُّهُ دُنٌيَا and ↓ دِنْيَةً and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا [He is his paternal uncle closely related]: (
Ks,
T:)
Lh says that the و is changed into ى in ↓ دِنْيَةً and دِنٌيًا because of the nearness of the kesreh and the weakness of the intervening letter, as is the case in فِتْيَةٌ and عِلْيَةٌ: but it seems that these words are originally ↓ دُنْيَا, i. e., by a relationship, or uterine relationship, nearer to me than others; and that the change of the letter is made only to show that the ى is that of the
fem. of أَدْنَى. (
M.) You say also, ↓ هُمْ رَهْطُهُ دِنْيَةً
They are his people, and his tribe, closely related. (
S and
TA in art. رهط.) دِنْيَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in five places.
دُنْيَا
fem. of أَدْنَى [
q. v.].
دُنْيِىٌّ: see what next follows.
دُنْيَوِىٌّ: see what next follows.
دُنْيَاوِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the present world, or state of existence; worldly:] a rel.
n. from الدُّنْيَا; (
T,
S;) as also ↓ دُنٌيَوِىٌّ and ↓ دُنْيِىٌّ. (
S.) دَنِىٌّ
i. q. قَرِيبٌ [as meaning Near, in person, or substance, or in respect of predicament, and in place, and in time: (see 1, first sentence: and see also دَانٍ:) and a relation]: (
T,
S:) and a friend; or a sincere, or secret, or particular, friend;
syn. خُلْصَانٌ. (
T.) It has these significations (of قريب and خلصان) in the
prov. كُلُّ دَنِىٍّ دُوَنهُ دَنِىٌّ [
app. meaning There is a relation, or a friend, nearer than every other relation, or friend; like another
prov., namely, دُونَ كُلِّ قُرَيْبَى قُرْبَى, for the meaning and application of which see art. قرب: Freytag renders it, “Quod attinet ad quemlibet propinquum (amicum), præter eum est propinquus:” (Arab.
Prov. ii. 357:) and he adds, “ Proverbii sensus esse videtur: Quilibet propinquus seu amicus unicus non est; sed præter eum est alius ”]: (
T,
Meyd:) so says
Az. (
Meyd.)
b2: See also أَدْنَى.
A2: As an
epithet applied to a man, signifying Weak; contemptible; &c.: see 1, near the end of the paragraph: [but
J says that] as meaning دُونٌ, it is [دَنِىْءٌ,] with ء: (
S:) the
pl. is أَدْنِيَآءُ. (
T,
M.) [In the
CK, by a mistranscription mentioned above (
voce دَنِىَ), دَنْىٌ is made to signify the same.]
دَنِيَّهٌ A low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, habit, practice, or action;
syn. نَقِيصَةٌ; (
Mgh;) or such as is blamed; originally دَنِيْئَةٌ: (
TA:)
pl. دَنَايَا. (
Har p. 327.) Hence the saying of Ibn-Háritheh, المَنِيَّةَ لَا الدَّنِيَّةَ, meaning I choose death rather than, or not, disgrace. (
Har ubi suprà.) دَانٍ [Being, or becoming, near; drawing near, or approaching: and hence, near; like دَنِىٌّ:]
act. part. n. of دَنَا مِنْهُ. (
Msb.) أَدْنَى Nearer, and nearest; opposed to أَقْصَى: (
TA:)
fem. دُنْيَا; (
M,
TA;) in which the [radical] و is changed into ى, as in عُلْيَا and قُصْيَا: (
ISd,
TA voce بُقْوَى:) [the
pl. of the
masc. is أَدَانٍ and أَدْنَوْنَ; the latter in the accus. and gen. أَدْنَيْنِ: and] the
pl. of the
fem., دُنًى, (
S,
K,
TA,) like كُبَرٌ
pl. of كُبْرَى, and صُغَرٌ
pl. of صُغْرَى; (
S,
TA;) said by some to be
extr. and strange [in respect of usage]; and El-Mutanebbee has been blamed for using it; (
MF,
TA;) but in the case referred to he has used الدُّنَى for الدُّنْيَا, [not as a
pl.,] suppressing the ى by poetic license. (
TA.) [Hence,] غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ فِى أَدْنَى
الأَرْضِ, in the
Kur xxx. 1 and 2, The Greeks have been overcome in the nearer, or nearest, part of the land. (
Bd,
Jel.) And الجَمْرَةُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heap of pebbles;] the heap of pebbles nearest to Minè. (
TA. [See art. جمر.]) and السَّمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heaven; i. e. the lowest;] the heaven that is the nearest to us: (
T,
TA:) also called سَمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا [which means the heaven of the present world; as will be seen from what follows]. (
TA.) See also exs. of the
fem. in the paragraph commencing with the words هُوَ ابْنُ عَمٍّ دِنْىٍ, in four places.
b2: Also Former, and first; and fore, and foremost; opposed to آخِرٌ. (
TA.) [Hence,] ↓ لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى دَنِىٍّ (
S,
K,
TA) and ↓ أَدْنَى دَنًا, (
K,
TA, [in the
CK, erroneously, ادنى دَنّىٰ and ادنى دَنِىٍّ,]) i. e. I met him the first thing. (
S,
K.) [And أَدْنَى الفَمِ The fore, or foremost, part of the mouth.] And الدُّنْيَا [ for الدَّارُ الدُّنْيَا, and الحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا, The former dwelling, or abode, and life; i. e. the present world, and life, or state of existence];
contr. of الآخِرَةُ: (
M,
K:) [or] it is so called because of its nearness: (
T,
S:) [and may be rendered the sublunary abode, &c.: and the inferior abode, &c. It also signifies The enjoyments, blessings, or good, of the present world, or life; worldly blessings or prosperity, &c.] And sometimes it is with tenween, (
K,
TA,) when used indeterminately: (
TA:) [thus,]
IAar mentions the saying مَا لَهُ دُنْيًا وَ لَا آخِرَةٌ [as meaning He has none of the enjoyments, or blessings, of the present world, nor in prospect any enjoyments, or blessings, of the world to come]; with tenween. (
M,
TA.) And you say, بَاعَ دُنْيَاهُ بِآخِرَتِهِ [He purchased his enjoyments of the present world at the expense of his enjoyments of the world to come]. (
Z,
TA in art. بيع.) And اَبْنُ الدُّنْيَا means The rich man. (
Msb in art. بنى.)
b3: Also More, and most, apt, fit, or proper: thus in the
Kur [xxxiii. 59], in the phrase ذٰلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يُعَرَفْنَ [That will be more, or most, apt, fit, or proper, that they may be known]; (
Ksh,
Mgh;) i. e., that they may be known to be free women, as distinguished from female slaves, who did not cover their faces. (
Jel.)
b4: Also Less [in number or quantity &c.], and least [therein]; opposed to أَكْثَرُ. (
TA.) وَلَا أَدْنَى مِنْ ذٰلِكَ وَلَاأَكْثَرَ, in the
Kur [lviii. 8], means Nor less in number than that, nor more in number. (
Bd.) and وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَدْنَى دُونَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَكْبَرِ, in the
Kur [xxxii. 21,
lit. And we will assuredly make them to taste of the smaller punishment besides the greater punishment], means,
accord. to
Zj, whatever punishment is inflicted in the present world and the punishment of the world to come. (
M.)
b5: Also Worse, [or inferior in quality,] and worst; or more, and most, low, ignoble, base, vile, mean, or weak; opposed to خَيْرٌ. (
TA.) It is said in the
Kur [ii. 58], أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِى هُوَ
أَدْنَى بِالَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ [Will ye take in exchange that which is worse, or inferior, for that which is better? or],
accord. to
Zj, meaning that which is less in value [for that which is better]? ادنى
being thus, without ء:
Fr says that it is here from الدَّنَآءَةٌ: and Zuheyr El-Kurkubee [or (
accord. to some) El-Furkubee] read أَدْنَأُ. (
T.) مُدْنٍ and مُدْنِيَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, (
M,
K,) and to a woman, (
M,) Near to bringing forth. (
M,
K.) مُدَنٍّ, applied to a man, Weak; (
S,
TA;) contemptible (خَسِيسٌ); not profitable to any one; who falls short in everything upon which he enters; [like دَنِىٌّ;] (
TA;) or falling short of accomplishing that which it behooves him to do: (
AHeyth,
T:) also, for the sake of rhyme, [by poetic license,] written مُدَنْ. (
T.)
