بُلْغَارُ:
بالضم، والغين معجمة: مدينة الصقالبة ضاربة في الشمال، شديدة البرد لا يكاد الثلج يقلع عن أرضها صيفا ولا شتاء وقلّ ما يرى أهلها أرضا ناشفة، وبناؤهم بالخشب وحده، وهو أن يركبوا عودا فوق عود ويسمّروها بأوتاد من خشب أيضا محكمة، والفواكه والخيرات بأرضهم لا تنجب، وبين إتل مدينة الخزر وبلغار على طريق المفاوز نحو شهر، ويصعد إليها في نهر إتل نحو شهرين وفي الحدور نحو عشرين يوما، ومن بلغار إلى أول حدّ الروم نحو عشر مراحل، ومنها إلى كويابة مدينة الروس عشرون يوما، ومن بلغار
إلى بشجرد خمس وعشرون مرحلة، وكان ملك بلغار وأهلها قد أسلموا في أيام المقتدر بالله وأرسلوا إلى بغداد رسولا يعرّفون المقتدر ذلك ويسألونه إنفاذ من يعلّمهم الصلوات والشرائع، لكن لم أقف على السبب في إسلامهم. وقرأت رسالة عملها أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حمّاد مولى محمد بن سليمان رسول المقتدر بالله إلى ملك الصقالبة ذكر فيها ما شاهده منذ انفصل من بغداد إلى أن عاد إليها، قال فيها: لما وصل كتاب ألمس بن شلكى بلطوار ملك الصقالبة إلى أمير المؤمنين المقتدر بالله يسأله فيه أن يبعث إليه من يفقّهه في الدين ويعرّفه شرائع الإسلام ويبني له مسجدا وينصب له منبرا ليقيم عليه الدعوة في جميع بلده وأقطار مملكته ويسأله بناء حصن يتحصّن فيه من الملوك المخالفين له، فأجيب إلى ذلك، وكان السفير له نذير الحزمي، فبدأت أنا بقراءة الكتاب عليه وتسليم ما أهدي إليه والأشراف من الفقهاء والمعلّمين، وكان الرسول من جهة السلطان سوسن الرّسّي مولى نذير الحزمي، قال:
فرحلنا من مدينة السلام لإحدى عشرة ليلة خلت من صفر سنة 309، ثم ذكر ما مرّ له في الطريق إلى خوارزم ثم منها إلى بلاد الصقالبة ما يطول شرحه، ثم قال:
فلما كنّا من ملك الصقالبة وهو الذي قصدنا له على مسيرة يوم وليلة وجّه لاستقبالنا الملوك الأربعة الذين تحت يديه وإخوته وأولاده، فاستقبلونا ومعهم الخبز واللحم والجاورس، وساروا معنا، فلما صرنا منه على فرسخين تلقّانا هو بنفسه فلما رآنا نزل فخرّ ساجدا شكرا لله، وكان في كمّه دراهم فنثرها علينا ونصب لنا قبابا فنزلناها، وكان وصولنا إليه يوم الأحد لاثنتي عشرة ليلة خلت من المحرم سنة 310، وكانت المسافة من الجرجانية، وهي مدينة خوارزم، سبعين يوما، فأقمنا إلى يوم الأربعاء في القباب التي ضربت لنا حتى اجتمع ملوك أرضه وخواصه ليسمعوا قراءة الكتاب، فلما كان يوم الخميس نشرنا المطرّدين الذين كانوا معنا وأسرجنا الدّابّة بالسرج الموجّه إليه وألبسناه السواد وعممناه وأخرجت كتاب الخليفة فقرأته وهو قائم على قدميه ثم قرأت كتاب الوزير حامد بن العباس وهو قائم أيضا، وكان بدينا، فنثر أصحابه علينا الدّراهم، وأخرجنا الهدايا وعرضناها عليه ثم خلعنا على امرأته وكانت جالسة إلى جانبه، وهذه سنتهم ودأبهم، ثم وجّه إلينا فحضرنا قبته وعنده الملوك عن يمينه وأمرنا أن نجلس عن يساره وأولاده جلوس بين يديه وهو وحده على سرير مغشّى بالديباج الرومي، فدعا بالمائدة فقدّمت إليه وعليها لحم مشوي، فابتدأ الملك وأخذ سكينا وقطع لقمة فأكلها وثانية وثالثة ثم قطع قطعة فدفعها إلى سوسن الرسول فلما تناولها جاءته مائدة صغيرة فجعلت بين يديه، وكذلك رسمهم لا يمدّ أحد يده إلى أكل حتى يناوله الملك فإذا تناولها جاءته مائدة ثم قطع قطعة وناولها الملك الذي عن يمينه فجاءته مائدة، ثم ناول الملك الثاني فجاءته مائدة وكذلك حتى قدّم إلى كل واحد من الذين بين يديه مائدة، وأكل كل واحد منا من مائدة لا يشاركه فيها أحد ولا يتناول من مائدة غيره شيئا، فإذا فرغ من الأكل حمل كلّ واحد منا ما بقي على مائدته إلى منزله، فلما فرغنا دعا بشراب العسل وهم يسمونه السجو فشرب وشربنا. وقد كان يخطب له قبل قدومنا: اللهم أصلح الملك بلطوار ملك بلغار، فقلت له: إن الله هو الملك ولا يجوز أن يخطب بهذا لأحد سيما على المنابر، وهذا مولاك أمير المؤمنين قد وصى لنفسه أن يقال على منابره في الشرق والغرب: اللهم أصلح عبدك وخليفتك جعفرا الإمام
المقتدر بالله أمير المؤمنين، فقال: كيف يجوز أن يقال؟ فقلت: يذكر اسمك واسم أبيك، فقال: إنّ أبي كان كافرا وأنا أيضا ما أحبّ أن يذكر اسمي إذ كان الذي سمّاني به كافرا، ولكن ما اسم مولاي أمير المؤمنين؟ فقلت: جعفر، قال: فيجوز أن أتسمّى باسمه؟ قلت: نعم، فقال: قد جعلت اسمي جعفرا واسم أبي عبد الله، وتقدم إلى الخطيب بذلك، فكان يخطب: اللهم أصلح عبدك جعفر بن عبد الله أمير بلغار مولى أمير المؤمنين، قال: ورأيت في بلده من العجائب ما لا أحصيها كثرة، من ذلك أن أول ليلة بتناها في بلده رأيت قبل مغيب الشمس بساعة أفق السماء وقد احمرّ احمرارا شديدا وسمعت في الجوّ أصواتا عالية وهمهمة، فرفعت رأسي فإذا غيم أحمر مثل النار قريب منّي، فإذا تلك الهمهمة والأصوات منه وإذا فيه أمثال الناس والدوابّ وإذا في أيدي الأشباح التي فيه قسيّ ورماح وسيوف، وأتبيّنها وأتخيّلها وإذا قطعة أخرى مثلها أرى فيها رجالا أيضا وسلاحا ودوابّ، فأقبلت هذه القطعة على هذه كما تحمل الكتيبة على الكتيبة، ففزعنا من هذه وأقبلنا على التضرّع والدعاء وأهل البلد يضحكون منا ويتعجبون من فعلنا، قال: وكنا ننظر إلى القطعة تحمل على القطعة فتختلطان جميعا ساعة ثم تفترقان، فما زال الأمر كذلك إلى قطعة من الليل ثم غابتا، فسألنا الملك عن ذلك فزعم أن أجداده كانوا يقولون هؤلاء من مؤمني الجنّ وكفّارهم يقتتلون كل عشية، وأنهم ما عدموا هذا منذ كانوا في كل ليلة. قال: ودخلت أنا وخيّاط كان للملك من أهل بغداد قبّتي لنتحدّث، فتحدّثنا بمقدار ما يقر الإنسان نصف ساعة ونحن ننتظر أذان العشاء، فإذا بالأذان فخرجنا من القبّة وقد طلع الفجر، فقلت للمؤذّن: أي شيء أذّنت؟ قال: الفجر، قلت: فعشاء الأخيرة؟ قال: نصلّيها مع المغرب، قلت: فالليل؟
قال: كما ترى وقد كان أقصر من هذا وقد أخذ الآن في الطول، وذكر أنه منذ شهر ما نام الليل خوفا من أن تفوته صلاة الصبح، وذلك أن الإنسان يجعل القدر على النار وقت المغرب ثم يصلّي الغداة وما آن لها أن تنضج، قال: ورأيت النهار عندهم طويلا جدّا، وإذا أنه يطول عندهم مدّة من السنة ويقصر الليل، ثم يطول الليل ويقصر النهار، فلما كانت الليلة الثانية جلست فلم أر فيها من الكواكب إلّا عددا يسيرا ظننت أنها فوق الخمسة عشر كوكبا متفرّقة، وإذا الشّفق الأحمر الذي قبل المغرب لا يغيب بتّة، وإذا الليل قليل الظلمة يعرف الرجل الرجل فيه من أكثر من غلوة سهم، قال: والقمر إنما يطلع في أرجاء السماء ساعة ثم يطلع الفجر فيغيب القمر، قال: وحدّثني الملك أن وراء بلده بمسيرة ثلاثة أشهر قوما يقال لهم ويسو، الليل عندهم أقلّ من ساعة، قال: ورأيت البلد عند طلوع الشمس يحمر كلّ شيء فيه من الأرض والجبال، وكل شيء ينظر الإنسان إليه حين تطلع الشمس كأنها غمامة كبرى فلا تزال الحمرة كذلك حتى تتكبّد السماء. وعرّفني أهل البلد أنه إذا كان الشتاء عاد الليل في طول النهار وعاد النهار في قصر الليل، حتى إنّ الرجل منا ليخرج إلى نهر يقال له إتل بيننا وبينه أقل من مسافة فرسخ وقت الفجر فلا يبلغه إلى العتمة إلى وقت طلوع الكواكب كلّها حتى تطبق السماء، ورأيتهم يتبرّكون بعواء الكلب جدّا ويقولون: تأتي عليهم سنة خصب وبركة وسلامة.
ورأيت الحيّات عندهم كثيرة حتى إنّ الغصن من الشجر ليلتفّ عليه عشر منها وأكثر، ولا يقتلونها ولا
تؤذيهم، ولهم تفاح أخضر شديد الحموضة جدّا، تأكله الجواري فيسمّن، وليس في بلدهم اكثر من شجر البندق، ورأيت منه غياضا تكون أربعين فرسخا في مثلها، قال: ورأيت لهم شجرا لا أدري ما هو، مفرط الطول وساقه أجرد من الورق ورؤوسه كرءوس النخل، له خوص دقاق إلّا أنه مجتمع، يعمدون إلى موضع من ساق هذه الشجرة يعرفونه فيثقبونه ويجعلون تحته إناء يجري إليه من ذلك الثّقب ماء أطيب من العسل، وإن أكثر الإنسان من شربه أسكره كما تسكر الخمر، وأكثر أكلهم الجاورس ولحم الخيل على أن الحنطة والشعير كثير في بلادهم، وكل من زرع شيئا أخذه لنفسه ليس للملك فيه حق غير أنهم يؤدّون إليه من كل بيت جلد ثور، وإذا أمر سريّة على بعض البلدان بالغارة كان له معهم حصّة. وليس عندهم شيء من الأدهان غير دهن السمك، فإنهم يقيمونه مقام الزيت والشيرج، فهم كانوا لذلك زفرين، وكلّهم يلبسون القلانس، وإذا ركب الملك ركب وحده بغير غلام ولا أحد معه، فإذا اجتاز في السوق لم يبق أحد إلّا قام وأخذ قلنسوته عن رأسه وجعلها تحت إبطه، فإذا جاوزهم ردوا قلانسهم فوق رؤوسهم، وكذلك كل من يدخل على الملك من صغير وكبير حتى أولاده وإخوته ساعة يقع نظرهم عليه يأخذون قلانسهم فيجعلونها تحت آباطهم ثم يومئون إليه برؤوسهم ويجلسون ثم يقومون حتى يأمرهم بالجلوس. وكلّ من جلس بين يديه فإنما يجلس باركا ولا يخرج قلنسوته ولا يظهرها حتى يخرج من بين يديه فيلبسها عند ذلك. والصواعق في بلادهم كثيرة جدا، وإذا وقعت الصاعقة في دار أحدهم لم يقربوه ويتركونه حتى يتلفه الزمان ويقولون: هذا موضع مغضوب عليه، وإذا رأوا رجلا له حركة ومعرفة بالأشياء قالوا: هذا حقه أن يخدم ربنا، فأخذوه وجعلوا في عنقه حبلا وعلّقوه في شجرة حتى يتقطع. وإذا كانوا يسيرون في طريق وأراد أحدهم البول فبال وعليه سلاحه انتهبوه وأخذوا سلاحه وجميع ما معه، ومن حطّ عنه سلاحه وجعله ناحية لم يتعرضوا له، وهذه سنتهم، وينزل الرجال والنساء النهر فيغتسلون جميعا عراة لا يستتر بعضهم من بعض ولا يزنون بوجه ولا سبب، ومن زنى منهم كائنا من كان ضربوا له أربع سكك وشدّوا يديه ورجليه إليها وقطّعوا بالفأس من رقبته إلى فخذه، وكذلك يفعلون بالمرأة، ثم يعلّق كلّ قطعة منه ومنها على شجرة، قال: ولقد اجتهدت أن تستتر النساء من الرجال في السباحة فما استوى لي ذلك، ويقتلون السارق كما يقتلون الزاني، ولهم أخبار اقتصرنا منها على هذا.

عن

1 عَنَّ, aor. ـِ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and عَنُّ, (S, Msb, K,) the former accord. to some relaters, and the latter accord. to others, occurring in a verse of a Hudhalee, (TA,) inf. n. عَنَنٌ (S, Msb, K) and عَنٌّ (Msb, K) and عُنُونٌ, the first of which is also [or is properly] a simple subst., (K, [and such, in one sense, it is said to be in the Msb, as will be shown in what follows,]) said of an affair, or event, (Msb,) or of a thing, (S, * K,) It appeared before one: (K:) [and] i. q. عَرَضَ (S, Mgh) and (S, K) اِعْتَرَضَ (S, Msb, K) [i. e. it appeared; it showed, presented, or offered, itself: it occurred: and it presented itself, or intervened between a person and an object before him, as an obstacle: it opposed itself]: and so ↓ اِعْتَنَّ. (S, K.) [See also عَنَنٌ, below.] Imra-el-Keys says, فَعَنَّ لَنَا سِرْبٌ كَأَنَّ نِعَاجَهُ عَذَارَى دَوَارٍ فِى مُلَآءٍ مُذَيَّلِ (Mgh, TA, *) meaning, عَرَضَ, (TA,) i. e. and there appeared to us a herd of wild oxen, as though the females thereof were virgins making the circuit of Dawár, or Duwár, in long-skirted garments of the kind called مُلَآء; Dawár, or Duwár, being the name of an idol around which the people of the Time of Ignorance used to curcuit. (Mgh, * and EM pp. 46 and 47.) And one says, لَا أَفْعَلُهُ مَا عَنَّ فِى السَّمَآءِ نَجْمٌ, meaning مَا عَرَضَ [i. e. I will not do it as long as a star appears in the sky]. (S.) b2: And عَنَّ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. عَنَنٌ, (TA,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb, TA,) and the inf. n. is عَنٌّ, (TA,) He opposed himself (اِعْتَرَضَ, Msb, or تَعَرَّضَ, TA) to another (Msb) from right and left, (TA,) or from either side of him, (Msb,) with an abominable, or evil, action. (Msb, TA.) b3: And عَنَّ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, aor. ـِ [inf. n., app., عَنٌّ,] He turned aside, or away, from the thing. (Msb.) b4: Hence the saying of the lawyers, عَنَّ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ دُونَ أُخْرَى

[He turned away from one woman, not from another]; meaning he desired not one woman, but desired another: thus in the active form: and one may also say عُنَّ i. e. in the passive form [from one or another of the following significations of the trans. verb]. (Msb.) For the latter of these, and its var. عُنِنَ, see 2.

A2: عَنَنْتُ اللِّجَامَ: see 4. b2: عَنَّ دَابَّتَهُ He put a rein (عِنَان) to his beast. (TA.) And عَنَنْتُ الفَرَسَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb;) in the M [↓ عَنَّنْتُ,] with tesh-deed; (TA;) I withheld the horse by means of his عِنَان [or rein]; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَعْنَنْتُهُ: (K:) or الفَرَسَ ↓ أَعْنَنْتُ signifies I put a rein to the horse: (Msb:) and it is said in the T that الفَارِسُ ↓ أَعَنَّ means the horseman drew, or pulled, the rein of his beast, to turn him back, or away, from his course. (TA.) b3: And عَنَنْتُهُ, (Msb,) and عُنَّ, (Mgh,) I confined him, (Msb,) and he was confined, (Mgh,) in the عُنَّة i. e. the enclosure (Mgh, Msb) of the camels. (Mgh.) A3: عَنَنْتُ فُلَانًا I reviled such a one; vilified him; or gave a bad name to him. (K.) A4: See also Q. Q. 1.2 عَنَّنْتُ اللِّجَامَ: see 4. b2: عَنَّنْت الفَرَسَ: see 1, last quarter. b3: [Hence, perhaps,] عُنِّنَ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَعْنِينٌ, (Msb,) which see also voce عُنَّةٌ, former half, in two places, He was pronounced by the judge (S, Msb, K) to be incapacitated from going in to his wife, (Msb, K,) or to have no desire for his wife: or to be withheld from her by enchantment, or fascination: (S, Msb, K:) and ↓ أُعِنَّ signifies the same; as also ↓ عُنَّ, (K, TA,) and ↓ عُنِنَ; and ↓ اعْتُنَّ. (TA. [Thus in the supplement to this art. in the TA; but it seems that the last of these verbs may be a mistranscription for أُعِنَّ, as this verb is there omitted, though the other verbs are mentioned, and followed by the part. ns. مَعْنُونٌ and مُعَنٌّ and مُعَنَّنٌ, but not مُعْتَنٌّ.]) b4: التَّعْنيِنُ also signifies The confining in a deep مَطْبَق [or subterranean prison]. (TA.) b5: And عَنَّنَتْ شَعَرَهَا, said of a woman, means شَكَلَتْ بَعْضَهُ بِبَعْضٍ [i. e. She plaited together two locks of her hair, of the fore part of her head, on the right and left, and then bound them with her other pendent locks or plaits]. (TA.) A2: See also Q. Q. 1.3 المُعَانَّةُ and العِنَانُ signify المُعَارَضَةُ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) as inf. ns. of عَانَّهُ [meaning He did like as he (the latter) did: or he opposed him, being opposed by him]. (TA.) See, below, شِرْكَةُ العِنَانِ: and also عُنَانَاكَ.4 أَعَنَّ [i. q. تَعَرَّضَ]. One says, ↓ أَعْنَنْتُ بِعُنَّةٍ

مَا أَدْرِى مَا هِىَ, (S, K, but in the latter لا ادرى,) meaning I addressed, applied, or directed, myself to a thing (تَعَرَّضْتُ لِشَىْءٍ) not knowing what it was. (S, K.) A2: And أَعْنَنْتُهُ لِكَذَا I exposed him, or caused him to become exposed, (عَرَّضْتُهُ,) to such a thing; and I turned him to it, or towards it. (S.) A3: أَعْننْتُ اللِّجَامَ I put a rein (عِنَان) to the bit; (S, K;) as also ↓ عَنَّنْتُهُ, (S, * K,) inf. n. تَعْنِينٌ; (S;) and ↓ عَنَنْتُهُ. (K.) b2: See also 1, last quarter, in three places. b3: أُعِنَّ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ: see 2.5 تعنّن He (a man) abstained from women without his being incapacitated from going in to them, because of blood-revenge that he sought. (TA.) 8 اعتنّ: see 1, first sentence.

A2: اِعْتَنَّ مَا عِنْدَهُمْ He became acquainted with their state, or case. (K.) A3: اعْتُنَّ: see 2.

R. Q. 1 عَنْعَنَةٌ [an inf. n. of which the verb is عَنْعَنَ] The substituting of ع for ء; [for instance,] saying عَنْ in the place of أَنْ: a practice of [the tribe of] Temeem: (S, K:) or, accord. to Fr, it is of the dial. of Kureysh and of those in their neighbourhood, and of Temeem and Keys and Asad and those in their neighbourhood: they change the أ of أَنَّ, with fet-h, into ع; but not when it is with kesr. (TA.) [See two instances in art. عنف, conj. 8.] b2: Hence, عَنْعَنَةُ المُحَدِّثِينَ [i. e. The saying of the relaters of traditions فُلَانٌ عَنْ فُلَانٍ عَنْ فُلَانٍ, suppressing the word رَوَى or حَدَّثَ or. سَمِعَ]: but this is said to be post-classical. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 عَنْوَنَ الكِتَابَ He put a superscription, or title, (عُنْوَان,) to the book, or writing; (S, * Msb;) or he wrote the عُنْوَان of the book, or writing; (K;) like عَلْوَنَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ عَنَّهُ, (S, K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَنٌّ, (TA,) signifies the same; as also ↓ عنّنهُ, (S, K, TA,) inf. n. تَعْنِينٌ, mentioned by Lh; (TA;) and عَنَّاهُ, (S, K, TA,) formed by changing one of the ن s [of عَنَّنَ] into ى. (S, TA.) [See also Q. Q. 1 in art. عنو.]

عَنْ is used in three manners: A2: First, it is a prep.: and as such it has ten meanings. (Mughnee, K.) b2: (1) It denotes transition; (Msb, Mughnee, K;) either sensibly or virtually; (Msb;) and the Basrees have mentioned no other meaning than this: (Mughnee:) or, as Sb expresses it, (Msb,) it denotes what has passed [or rather it denotes passage] from the thing [that is mentioned immediately after it]: (S, Msb:) Er-Rághib says that it necessarily denotes transition from that to the mention of which it is prefixed: and the grammarians say that it is applied to denote what has passed and become remote from thee. (TA.) Thus in the saying, سَافَرْتُ عَنِ البَلَدِ [I journeyed from the country, or town]. (Mughnee, K. *) And in رَغِبْتُ عَنْ كَذَا [I abstained from such a thing; and hence, I did not desire, or wish for, such a thing]. (Mughnee.) And رَمَيْتُ عَنِ القَوْسِ [I shot an arrow, or arrows, from the bow]; (S, Mughnee;) because by means of the bow one projects his arrow from the bow, and makes it to pass therefrom: (S:) but another meaning of this will be mentioned in what follows. (Mughnee.) and أَطْعَمْتُهُ عَنْ جُوعٍ [I fed him so as to free him from hunger]; (S, Msb;) making hunger to be quitted, and passed from: (S, * Msb:) and in this case, مِنْ is used in its place, (S, TA,) as in the Kur cvi. 3; (TA;) or the meaning in this instance is, because of hunger. (Jel.) And جَلَسْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ, [as though] meaning I sat passing away from the place of his right side, in sitting, to another place [adjacent thereto: but see another explanation near the end of the paragraph]. (Msb.) And اِنْصَرِفْ عَنِّى and تَنَحَّ عَنِّى [Turn thou, or go thou, away, or aside, from me]. (TA.) And أَخَذْتُ العِلْمَ عَنْهُ I understood, or became acquainted with, [or acquired,] knowledge, or science, from him; as though the understanding passed from him. (Msb.) [And similar to this is the phrase رَوَى عَنْ فُلَانٍ, for which عَنْ فُلَانٍ alone (the verb being understood) is often used, He related a tradition or traditions &c. as learned, or heard, or received, from such a one, or on the authority of such a one. In many other phrases also, some of which will be mentioned in treating of عَنْ as syn. with مِنْ, the former of these two prepositions is to be, or may be, expl. as denoting transition. For ex., one says, دَفَعَ عَنْهُ and دَافَعَ He repelled from him; and hence, he defended him: (see art. دفع:) and رَمَى عَنْهُمْ He shot in defence of them: (see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَعْبُولٌ:) and عَنْهُ is sometimes used for دِفَاعًا عَنْهُ; as in the phrase قَاتَلْتُ عَنْهُ I fought in defence of him; i. e., repelling from him. But the instances of this and other usages of عَنْ, exclusive of those mentioned in this paragraph, depending upon verbs or part. ns. expressed or obviously understood, are far too numerous to be here collected: many of these will be found among the explanations of words with which they occur.] b3: (2) It denotes a compensation; or something given, or received, or put, or done, instead, or in lieu, of another thing. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur ii. 45], وَ اتَّقُوا يَوْمًا لَا تَجْزِى نَفْسٌ عَنْ نَفْسٍ شَيْئًا [And fear ye a day wherein a soul shall not give anything as a satisfaction for a soul, i. e. for another soul: or shall not make satisfaction for a soul at all; accord. to the latter rendering, شيئا being put in the accus. case after the manner of an inf. n.]. (Mughnee, K. *) And in the saying in a trad., صُومِى عَنْ أُمِّكِ [Fast thou for, or in lieu of, thy mother]. (Mughnee.) b4: (3) It denotes superiority (الاِسْتِعْلَآء [as used tropically]); (Mughnee, K;) i. e. as syn. with عَلَى. (Mughnee.) Thus in the saying of Dhu-l-Isba' El-'Adwánee, لَاهِ ابْنُ عَمِّكَ لَا أَفْضَلْتَ فِى حَسَبٍ

عَنِّى وَلَا أَنْتَ دَيَّانِى فَتَخْزُوَنِى (S, Mughnee,) i. e. To God be attributed the excellence of the son of thy paternal uncle (the meaning being لِلّٰهِ دَرُّ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ), thou hast not become possessed of superiority, in grounds of pretension to respect or honour, above me, or over me, (عَلَىَّ,) nor art thou my governor that thou shouldst rule me; for the well-known mode is to say أَفْضَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ. (Mughnee.) [Thus too in the phrases تَعَظَّمَ عَنْهُ and تَعَاظَمَ عَنْهُ (expl. in art. عظم), and in the phrase تَجَالَّ عَنْهُ (expl. in art. جل), and the like.] And thus it has been said to be used in the phrase [in the Kur xxxviii. 31], إِنِّى أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ الْخَيْرِ عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّى, meaning قَدَّمْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ [i. e. Verily I have preferred the love of good things above, or to, the remembrance, or praise, of my Lord]: but it is also said that it is here used in its proper manner, as dependent upon a denotative of state suppressed; the meaning being, مُنْصَرِفًا عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّى [i. e. turning away from the remembrance, &c.]: and AO is related to have said that أَحْبَبْتُ is from أَحَبَّ, البَعِيرُ, signifying “ the camel lay down and did not become roused; ” and that the meaning is, I have become withheld by the love of good things from the remembrance, &c. (Mughnee.) and it is [said to be] used as denoting superiority or the like in the saying [in the Kur xlvii. last verse], فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نفْسِهِ [as though the meaning were He is niggardly only to himself (عَلَى نَفْسِهِ, for عَلَى is considered in this case as importing an ideal superiority); but the phrase may be better rendered, agreeably with the proper, or primary, signification of عَنْ, he withholds, with niggardliness, only from himself; as is indicated by Bd]. (Mughnee, K.) b5: (4) It denotes a cause. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur ix. 115], وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرٰهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلَّا عَنْ مَوْعِدَةٍ [and Abraham's begging forgiveness for his father was not otherwise than because of a promise]. (Mughnee, K.) And thus in the saying [in the Kur xi. 56], وَمَا نَحْنُ بِتَارِكِى آلِهَتِنَا عَنْ قَوْلِكَ [And we are not, or will not be, relinquishers of our gods because of thy saying]: or the meaning may be, we do not, or will not, relinquish our gods, turning away (صَادِرِينَ, as a denotative of state relating to the pronoun [implied] in تاركى,) from thy saying; and this is the opinion of Z. (Mughnee.) [See also an ex. voce دَنْدَنَ, last sentence.] b6: (5) It is syn. with بَعْدَ. (S, Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur xxiii. 42], عَمَّا قَلِيلٍ

لَيُصْبِحُنَّ نَادِمِينَ, (Mughnee, K,) meaning بَعْدَ قَلِيلٍ [i. e. After a little while, they will assuredly become repentant]. (TA.) And in the phrase [in the Kur lxxxiv. 19], لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَنْ طَبَقٍ

[expl. in art. طبق], meaning حَالَةً بَعْدَ حَالَةٍ. (Mughnee.) And in the saying, وَمَنْهَلٍ وَرَدْتُهُ عَنْ مَنْهَلٍ

[And to many a watering-place have I come after a watering-place]. (Mughnee.) And in the saying of El-Hárith Ibn-'Obád, قَرِّبَا مَرْبَطَ النَّعَامَةِ مِنِّى

لَقِحَتْ حَرْبُ وائِلٍ عَنْ حِيَالِ (S, * TA,) meaning بَعْدَ حِيَالٍ [i. e. Make ye two to be near to me the place of the tying of En-Na'ámeh (the name of a horse of the poet): the war of Wáïl has become pregnant after failing to be pregnant during a year, or years]. (TA.) And in the saying of Et-Tirimmáh, سَيَعْلَمُ كُلُّهُمْ أَنِّى مُسِنٌّ

↓ إِذَا دَفَعُوا عِنَانًا عَنْ عِنَانِ i. e. [All of them shall know that I am of full age, when they press forward] heat after heat. (TA.) b7: (6) It denotes the meaning of the preposition فِى. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying, وَلَا تَكُ عَنْ حَمْلِ الرِّبَاعَةِ وَانِيَا [And be not thou remiss in bearing the responsibility of the obligation that thou takest upon thyself]; as is shown by the phrase, [in the Kur xx. 44], وَلَا تَنِيَا فِى ذِكْرِى: (Mughnee, K:) so it is said; but it seems that the meaning of وَنَى

عَنْ كَذَا is, “he passed from such a thing, not entering upon it; ” and وَنَى فِيهِ, “he entered upon it but was remiss, or languid: ” by الرِّبَاعَة is meant the payment of a bloodwit or the like. (Mughnee.) b8: (7) It is syn. with مِنْ. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur xlii. 24], وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ [And He is he who accepts repentance from his servants]. (AO, Mughnee, K.) Az mentions among the cases in which there is a difference between مِنْ and عَنْ, that the former has adjoined to it a noun signifying what is near; and the latter, [one signifying] what is remote; as in one's saying سَمِعْتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ حَدِيثًا [I heard from such a one a narrative], and حَدَّثَنِى عَنْ فُلَانٍ حَدِيثًا [He related to me a narrative from such a one, a phrase similar to رَوَى عَنْ فُلَانٍ, mentioned among exs. of the first meaning of عن]: accord. to As, one says, حَدَّثَنِى فُلَانٌ مِنْ فُلَانٍ, meaning عَنْهُ [i. e. Such a one related to me from such a one]; and لَهِيتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ and عَنْهُ [I became diverted from such a one so as to forget him]: accord. to Ks, one says لَهِيتُ عَنْهُ only: and عَنْكَ جَآءَ هٰذَا as meaning مِنْكَ [i. e. From thee came this]. (TA.) b9: (8) It is syn. with بِ. (Mughnee, K.) Thus [it is said to be used] in the phrase [in the Kur liii. 3], وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى [Nor does he speak with the desire of self-gratification]: (Mughnee, K:) but it seems that it is here used in its proper [or primary] sense; and that the meaning is, وَمَا يَصْدُرُ قَوْلُهُ عَنْ هَوًى [nor does his speech proceed from desire of self-gratification; so the phrase may be well rendered, nor does he speak from the desire &c.]. (Mughnee.) One says also, أَجَابُوا عَنْ بَوَآءٍ وَاحِدٍ, meaning بِجَوَابٍ وَاحِدٍ [i. e. They replied with one reply]. (T, S, O, K, all in art, بوأ.) And جَاؤُوا عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ [They came with the last of them; عَنْ being here syn. with بِ; meaning they came all, without exception]. (A in art. اخر.) [and in like manner, قَتَلُوهُمْ عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ They slew them with the last of them; meaning they slew them all, without exception.] b10: (9) It denotes the using a thing as an aid or instrument. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying, رَمَيْتُ عَنِ القَوْسِ [I shot with, or by means of, the bow], accord. to Ibn-Málik; (Mughnee, K;) because one says also, رَمَيْتُ بِالقَوْسِ; both mentioned by Fr. (Mughnee.) [Another explanation of this phrase has been mentioned before.] b11: (10) It is redundant, to compensate for another [عن] suppressed (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying, أَتَجْزَعُ إِنْ نَفْسٌ أَتَاهَا حِمَامُهَا فَهَلَّا الَّتِى عَنْ بَيْنِ جَنْبَيْكَ تَدْفَعُ [Art thou impatient if the decreed event of death befall a soul? but why wilt not thou repel from, i. e. defend, that which is between thy two sides?]; (Mughnee, K;) the meaning being, تَدْفَعُ عَنِ الَّتِى بَيْنَ جَنْبَيْكَ; (IJ, Mughnee;) عن being suppressed before the conjunct noun [التى], and added after it. (Mughnee, K.) And sometimes it is redundant without compensation, when conjoined with a pronoun: Az says that the Arabs make عَنْكَ redundant in the phrase خُذْ ذَا عَنْكَ [meaning Take thou, or receive thou, this]: (TA:) [but خُذْ عَنْكَ is expl. in the S and L, in art. اخذ, as meaning خُذْ مَا أَقُولُ وَدَعْ عَنْكَ الشَّكَّ وَالمِرَآءَ: see 1 in art. اخذ:] and اُنْفُذْ عَنْكَ, occurring in a trad., is expl. as meaning دَعْهُ [i. e. Leave thou it]: (TA:) or this means go thou from thy place; pass thou from it. (L in art. نفذ.) [See also the last ex. in this paragraph.]

A3: The second manner of using it is, as a particle of the kind called مَصْدَرِىٌّ, [combining with an aor. following it to form an equivalent to an inf. n.,] as is done by the tribe of Temeem, (Mughnee, K, *) in what is termed their عَنْعَنَة: (K: [see R. Q. 1:]) they use it in the place of أَنْ; (S, Mughnee;) saying, أَعْجَبَنِى عَنْ تَفْعَلَ, (Mughnee, K,) for أَنْ تَفْعَلَ [meaning Thy doing such a thing pleased me]. (Mughnee.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, أَعَنْ تَرَسَّمْتَ مِنْ خَرْقَآءَ مَنْزِلَةً

مَآءُ الصَّبَابَةِ مِنْ عَيْنَيْكَ مَسْجُومُ [Is thy having looked upon the traces of a place of abiding of thy beloved Kharkà the cause that the water of excessive love is shed from thine eyes?]. (S, Mughnee.) And thus they do in the case of أَنَّ; saying, مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ ↓ أَشْهَدُ عَنَّ [I acknowledge, or declare, or testify, that Mohammad is the apostle of God]. (Mughnee.) A4: The third manner of using it is, as a noun, in the sense of جَانِب, (Mughnee, K, *) or نَاحِيَة: (S:) and this is said to be in three cases. (Mughnee.) b2: (1) It is when مِنْ is prefixed to it; and this is of frequent occurrence: (Mughnee:) as in the saying, وَلَقَدْ أَرَانِى لِلرِّمَاحَ دَرِيْئَةً مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِى مَرَّةً وَأَمَامِى

[And verily I see me to be like a ring for the spears to be aimed at, from the side of my right hand at one time, and from before me at another time]: (Mughnee, K: *) and in the saying, جِئْتُ مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ I came from the side of his right hand. (S.) In the opinion of Ibn-Málik, مِنْ prefixed to عَنْ is redundant; but accord. to others, it is used [as expl. above,] to denote the beginning of a space between two limits: these say that قَعَدْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ means فِى جَانِبِ يَمِينِهِ [i. e. I sat in the side of his right hand], either closely or otherwise; but if you say مِنْ [before عَنْ], the sitting is particularized as being close to the first part of the lateral space. (Mughnee.) b3: (2) It is also when عَلَى is prefixed to it: (Mughnee:) thus in the saying, عَلَى عَنْ يَمِينِى مَرَّتِ الطَّيْرُ سُنَّحَا [On, or over, the side of my right hand, the birds passed along turning the right side towards me, or turning the left side towards me; the last word being a pl., accord. to analogy, of سَانِحٌ, which is used in two opposite senses]: (Mughnee, K:) but this usage is extraordinary; no other instance of it than that here cited having been preserved. (Mughnee.) b4: (3) It is also when what is governed by it in the gen. case and the agent of the verb in connection with it are two pronouns having one application: so says Akh: as in the saying of Imra-el-Keys, دَعْ عَنْكَ نَهْبًا صِيحَ فِى حَجَرَاتِهِ [or فَدَعْ عَنْكَ: see the entire verse cited and expl. in art. حجر]: but it is shown to be not a noun in such a case by this, that جَانِب may not take its place [unless used in a tropical sense]. (Mughnee. [See what has been said above, that عَنْكَ in a phrase of this kind is held to be redundant.]) عَنَّ for أَنَّ: see the next preceding paragraph, last quarter.

عَنٌّ: see أَعْنَانٌ. b2: إِنَّه يَأْخُذُ فِى كُلِّ عَنٍّ means the same as فى كلّ فَنٍّ [i. e. Verily he enters upon every mode, or manner, of speech or the like]; and so فى كلّ سَنٍّ. (TA.) عَنَّةٌ: see what next follows.

عُنَّةٌ The presenting, or opposing, oneself, with meddling, or impertinent, speech; with speech respecting that which does not concern him; (Msb, TA;) as also ↓ عَنَّةٌ, with fet-h, (Msb,) or ↓ عِنَّةٌ, with kesr. (TA.) b2: أَعْطَيْتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ, (S,) or عَيْنَ عُنَّةَ, imperfectly decl., and sometimes عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ, (K,) means I gave to him distinguishing him particularly from among his companions: (S, K:) from العَنُّ signifying “ the presenting, or opposing, oneself. ” (TA.) And one says, رَأَيْتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ (S) or عُنَّةَ (K) I saw him just now, (S, K, TA,) presenting, or opposing, himself, (TA,) without my seeking him. (S, TA.) And أَعْنَنْتُ بِعُنَّةٍ مَا

أَدْرِى مَا هِىَ: see 4. (S, K.) A2: It is also the subst. from عُنِّنَ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ [i. e. a subst. signifying The state of being pronounced by the judge to be incapacitated from going in to his wife, or to have no desire for his wife: or of being withheld from her by enchantment, or fascination]: (S, Msb, * K:) or incapacity to go in to women: (Mgh, Msb:) or undesirousness of women: (Msb:) a word used in this sense by the lawyers; (Mgh, Msb;) who say, بِهِ عُنَّةٌ: (Msb:) but it is declared to be a low word, not allowable; (Mgh, Msb;) instead of which one should say ↓ تَعْنِينٌ, (Mgh,) or, accord. to Th and others, ↓ عَنَنٌ, and ↓ عِنِّينَةٌ, and accord. to the Bári', ↓ عَنَانَةٌ: (Msb:) [i. e.] ↓ عِنِّينَةٌ signifies undesirousness of women: (S:) or, as also ↓ عِنِينَةٌ, and ↓ عَنَانَةٌ, and ↓ تَعْنِينٌ, and ↓ تَعْنِينَةٌ, (K,) and ↓ عِنِّينِيَّةٌ, (TA,) it signifies thus, or non-performance of the act of going in to women, by reason of impotence. (K, TA.) A3: Also An enclosure (S, Mgh, Msb, K) made of wood, (S, Msb, K, TA,) or of trees, (TA,) for camels, (S, Mgh, K, *) or for camels and horses, (Msb,) or for camels and sheep or goats, to be confined therein: (TA:) or an enclosure at the door of a man, in which are his camels and his sheep or goats: (Th, TA:) pl. عُنَنٌ (S, K) and عِنَانٌ. (K.) لَا يَجْتَمِعُ اثْنَانِ فِى عُنَّةٍ [Two (app. meaning stallion-camels) will not be together in an enclosure for camels] is one of their sayings. (TA.) And one says, كالْمُهَدِّرِ فِى العُنَّةِ Like the brayer (meaning the braying stallion-camel) in the enclosure of trees, in which the stallion-camel is sometimes confined to prevent him from covering; such a stallion being hence termed ↓ معَنًّى, originally ↓ مُعَنَّنٌ: (Meyd:) it is a prov., applied to a man (Meyd, TA, and S and A and K in art. هدر) raising a cry and clamour, (S, K,) or threatening, (TA,) who does not make his saying, or action, to have effect; (S, * Meyd, K;) like the camel that is so confined, prevented from covering, and brays. (S, K.) b2: It is also said, by El-Bushtee and in the K, to signify A rope; and in a verse of El-Aashà, in which he mentions flesh-meat as put upon the عُنَن, this last word has been expl. as meaning ropes which are stretched, and upon which is thrown the flesh-meat that is cut into strips, or oblong pieces, and dried in the sun: but Az says that the right meaning is, the enclosures for camels; that he had seen such enclosures in the desert, thus called because facing the direction whence blows the north wind, to protect the camels from the cold of that wind; and that he had seen the people spread the flesh-meat cut into strips, or oblong pieces, and dried in the sun, upon them: he thinks that the word was expl. as meaning ropes by one who had seen the poor of the sacred territory extending ropes in Minè, and putting upon them the flesh of the victims of sacrifice that had been given to them. (TA.) b3: Also A booth by means of which one shades himself, made of panic grass (ثُمَام) or [probably a mistake for and] branches of trees. (IB, TA.) b4: And Reeds, or plants or herbage, which a man collects, to give, as fodder, to his sheep or goats: one says, جَآءَ بِعُنَّةٍ

عَظِيمَةٍ [He came with, or brought, a great collection of reeds, &c.]. (TA.) And one says, كُنَّا فِى عُنَّةٍ مِنَ الكَلَأِ, and غُنَّةٍ, and ثُنَّةِ, i. e. We were in abundant herbage. (TA.) A4: Also The دِقْدَان (thus [correctly, as will be shown by an explanation in what follows, confirmed by an ex. from a poet,] in more than one of the copies of the K, in the CK دَقْدان, in the copy of the K followed in the TA وقدان, and in the L رقدان,) of the cooking-pot: (K, TA:) MF read وقدان, and conjecturally, and from analogy, supposed it [to be وَقَدَان and] to mean غَلَيَان; but the word is arabicized from the Pers\. ديكدان, [correctly ديگدان, pronounced dēgdān,] a name for the thing upon which the cooking-pot is set up; and thus it [i. e. عُنَّةٌ] is expl. in the M and other lexicons [among which may be mentioned the L]: hence the saying of a poet, عَفَتْ غَيْرَ أَنْآءٍ وَمَنْصَبِ عُنَّةٍ

وَأوْرَقَ مِنْ تَحْتِ الخَصَاصَةِ هَامِدِ [It (the دار, or place of abode,) was effaced, save trenches dug around the tents to keep off the torrent, and the place of the setting-up of the support of the cooking-pot, and ashes beneath the space between the three stones that formed that support, in a state of extinction]. (TA.) عِنَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence.

عَنَنٌ is a subst. [as well as an inf. n.] of عَنَّ; (Msb, K, TA;) [as such,] i. q. اِعْتِرَاضٌ [used as a simple subst., meaning Opposition]; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عِنَانٌ: (K, TA:) or opposition of oneself to another, from either side of him, with an abominable, or evil, action. (Msb.) El-Hárith Ibn-Hillizeh says, عَنَنًا بَاطِلًا وَظُلْمًا كَمَا يُعْ تَرُ عَنْ حُجْرَةِ الرَّبِيضِ الظِّبَآءُ (TA,) meaning In wrong opposition, (اِعْتِرَاضًا بَاطِلًا), [and injurious conduct], like as when gazelles are sacrificed [in fulfilment of a vow] for what is due on the part of the flock of sheep, or herd of goats. (EM p. 281.) And it is said in a trad., بَرِئْنَا إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الوَثَنِ والعَنَنِ i. e. [We are clear, to thee,] of the idol (الصَّنَم) and opposition (الاِعْتِرَاض); as though saying, of associating another with God and of wrongdoing: or, as some say, the meaning [of the last word] in this case is disagreement, or opposition, or contravention, (الخِلَاف), and that which is wrong (البَاطِل). (TA.) And in another trad., دَهِمَتْهُ المَنِيَّةُ فِى عَنَنِ جِمَاحِهِ [Death came upon him suddenly in the opposition of his heedless, or inconsiderate, course]. (TA. [There expl. only by the words هُوَ مَا لَيْسَ بِقَصْدٍ.]) And one says, هُوَ لَكَ بَيْنَ الأَوْبِ وَالعَنَنِ, meaning [He is to thee in a state] between obedience and disobedience. (TA.) ↓ وَرْهَآءُ العِنَانِ, a phrase used by a poet, means [A woman foolish in] opposing herself, or intervening, in every discourse. (TA.) And العَنَنُ signifies also [particularly] Death's opposing itself, and preceding: (TA, JM:) occurring in a trad. of Sateeh [the Diviner]. (TA.) b2: See also عِنَانٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. b3: Also The place in which a person, or thing, presents, or opposes, himself, or itself. (TA.) b4: See also أَعْنَانٌ.

A2: And see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

عَنَانٌ Clouds: (S, Msb, K:) or, accord. to some, clouds appearing, or presenting themselves, or extending sideways, in the horizon; as also ↓ سَحَابٌ عَانٌّ: (TA:) such as retain the water: (K:) one whereof is termed ↓ عَنَانَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ عَانَّةٌ. (S.) b2: And عَنَانُ السَّمَآءِ, (Mgh, MF, TA,) in the K said to be ↓ عِنَان, with kesr, but the former is the right, (MF, TA,) The lofty region of the sky: (Mgh:) or what appears, of the sky, to one looking at it. (K. [See also أَعْنَانٌ.]) b3: And عَنَانُ الدَّارِ, likewise with fet-h, accord. to the K ↓ عِنَان, with kesr, which is wrong, (TA,) The side of the house, (K, TA,) that appears to one. (TA.) عِنَانٌ: see عَنَنٌ, in two places. b2: Also an inf. n. of 3 [q. v.]. (TA.) A2: And A certain appertenance of a horse or the like; (S, Msb;) [i. e. the rein;] the strap of the bridle, by means of which the horse, or similar beast, is withheld: (K:) [said to be] so called because it lies over against the mouth, not entering into it, (Msb,) or because its two straps lie over against the two sides of the neck of the beast, on the right and left: (TA:) pl. أَعِنَّةٌ (S, Msb, K) and عُنُنٌ, (K,) or, accord. to Sb, the former only. (TA.) [Sometimes it may be rendered The bridle; as in the first of the following phrases.] ثَنَيْتُ عَلَى الفَرَسِ عِنَانَهُ I put upon the horse his bridle. (TA.) فَرَسٌ قَصِيرُ العِنَانِ [A horse short in the rein] implies discommendation, as denoting shortness of the neck: [but] هُوَ قَصِيرُ العِنَانِ [said of a man] means قلِيلُ الخَيْرِ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He is one possessing little, or no, good; or few, or no, good things; or little, or no, goodness]: and إِنَّهُ لَطَوِيلُ العِنَانِ [lit. Verily he is one whose rein is long] means, (assumed tropical:) an exalted person; of great chiefdom, or eminence. (TA.) رَجُلٌ طَرِفُ العِنَانِ (S, * K, TA, TK, in one of my copies of the S طَرفُ, and in the other طرَفُ, and in copies of the K طَرْقُ, [but correctly طَرِف, q. v., like كَتِف, as is said in the TK,]) means (tropical:) A man light, or active. (S, K, TA.) فُلَانٌ

أَبِىُّ العِنَانِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is one who refuses the rein. (TA.) ذُو العِنَانِ applied to the horse means (assumed tropical:) The tractable, or submissive. (TA.) And ذَلَّ عِنَانُ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one became submissive. (TA.) ابْغ مِنْ عِنَانِهِ [in which the first word is written in my original thus, but it has been altered by the copyist, and I doubt not that it is correctly أَرْخِ, the phrase, reading thus, being well known, i. e. Slacken thou his rein,] means (assumed tropical:) ease thou him, or relieve him. (TA.) اِثْنِ عَلَىَّ عِنَانَهُ means Turn thou back [or bend thou] towards me his rein. (TA.) جَآء ثَانِيًا فِى عِنَانِهِ [thus in my original, but correctly مِنْ عنانه, as in the S in art. ثنى, i. e. He came bending a part of his rein, turning from his course,] means (assumed tropical:) he [came having] accomplished the object of his want. (TA.) مَلَأَ عِنَانَ دَابَّتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He made, or urged, his beast to run vehemently. (TA.) And [hence, app.,] اِمْتَلَأَ عِنَانُهُ (assumed tropical:) The utmost of his power, or ability, was accomplished. (TA.) هُمَا يَجْرِيَانِ فِى عِنَانٍ (assumed tropical:) They two are equal in excellence or otherwise. (TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A heat; or single run to a goal, or limit: one says, جَرَى الفَرَسُ عِنَانًا (assumed tropical:) The horse ran a heat: and كَبَا فِى عِنَانِهِ (assumed tropical:) He stumbled in his heat. (TA.) See also an ex., in a verse of Et-Tirimmáh, voce عَنْ, in the middle of the paragraph. And ↓ عَنَنٌ signifies the same, i. e. A heat of a beast: and also the beginning of speech: whence the prov., مُعْتَرِضٌ لِعَنَنٍ لَمْ يَعْنِهِ meaning (assumed tropical:) Addressing himself to that which is not of his business (مَا لَيْسَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِ). (Meyd.) b3: And A long rope or cord. (TA.) b4: And العِنَانُ signifies حَبْلُ المَتْنِ [The cord of the portion of the back along which extends the spine; app. meaning the spinal cord, also called medulla spinalis, considered as a single cord]: (K:) [but this consists of two lateral cords, connected together: and therefore, app., it is said that] عِنَانَا المَتْنِ signifies حَبْلَاهُ [the two cords of the مَتْن]. (S.) A3: شِرْكَةُ العِنَانِ is The copartnership of two persons in one particular thing, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) exclusive of the rest of the articles of property of either: (S, Msb, * K:) as though a thing presented itself to them (عَنَّ لَهُمَا, S, Mgh, Msb) and they bought it (S) and they then became copartners in it: (S, Mgh, Msb:) so says ISk: (Mgh:) or it is from the عِنَان of the horse, because each assigns to his companion the عنان of the free management of part of the property: (Mgh, Msb:) or because it is allowable for them to differ, like as does the عنان in the hand of the rider when pulled and when slackened: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Az, it is the case in which each of the two copartners produces deenárs or dirhems, which they mix together, and each gives permission to the other to traffic therewith: and the lawyers differ not in respect of its being lawful; if they gain upon the two sums, the gain being between them; and if they lose, the loss being on the head of each of them [equally]: the partnership of two persons in everything that is in their possession is called شِرْكَةُ المُفَاوَضَةِ [q. v.]: (TA:) or it is the case of one's competing with a man in the making of a purchase, and saying to him, “ Make me to be a partner with thee; ” this being before he [the purchaser] becomes entitled to الغَلَق, or الغِلْق, or العلق, or العَلَق: (K: [the last word in this explanation, thus written in four different ways in different copies of the K, following the words قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْجِبَ, I think to be most probably الغَلَقَ, and to mean irredeemability by the seller, from غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ:]) or it is the case of two persons' being equal in partnership, (Z, Msb, K, TA,) in respect of what they contribute of gold or silver; and is from the عِنَان of the beast; (TA;) because the عنان of the beast consists of two equal single pieces: (Z, Msb, K, TA:) or it is from العِنَان as syn. with ↓ المُعَانَّة, meaning المُعَارَضَة; (Msb, TA;) because each of them does like as does the other in respect of his property [that he supplies] and in selling and buying. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse cited in art. شرك, conj. 3. b2: See also عَنَانٌ, in two places.

عَنُونٌ and ↓ عَانٌّ One who presents, or opposes, himself, with meddling, or impertinent, speech; with speech respecting that which does not concern him: pl. [of the former agreeably with analogy]

عُنُنٌ. (TA.) b2: And the former, A beast (دَابَّة) that precedes in journeying, or progress; (S, K, TA;) that vies with the [other] beasts in journeying, or progress, and precedes them; and applied to a wild ass in this sense. (TA.) عَنِينٌ One unable to retain the wind of his belly. (K.) b2: See also عِنِّينٌ.

عَنَانَةٌ: see عَنَانٌ: A2: and see also عُنَّةٌ, former half, in two places.

عِنِينَةٌ: see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

عُنَانَاكَ means The utmost of thy power, or ability, or of thy case: (S, K:) so in the saying, عُنَانَاكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا [The utmost of thy power, &c., is, or will be, thy doing such a thing]: (S:) as though from ↓ المُعَانَّةُ; (S, TA;) the case being that thou desirest to do a thing, and an obstacle intervenes in the way to it, preventing thee and withholding thee from it: (TA:) but it is disputed whether it be correctly thus, or غُنَامَاكَ. (IB, TA.) هُوَ عَنَّانٌ عَلَى آنُفِ القَوْمِ He is wont to precede, or outstrip, the people, or party. (TA.) b2: and هُوَ عَنَّانٌ عَنِ الخَيْرِ He is [one who holds back from doing good, or] slow, or tardy, to do good. (K.) العَنُّونُ, of the measure فَعُّول, is an intensive epithet applied to the present world (الدُّنْيَا) [as meaning The offerer of much opposition]; because it opposes itself to mankind. (TA.) عِنِّينٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, * K, TA,) of the measure فِعِّيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (S,) and ↓ عَنِينٌ, [thus written in two places in the TA, and written without teshdeed in my copy of the Msb, but in the latter case app. from carelessness of the copyist, for otherwise the well-known form عِنِّينٌ is not there mentioned,] of which (i. e. of عَنِينٌ) عُنُنٌ is pl., [which seems to show that عَنِينٌ is not a mistranscription for عِنِّينٌ, for فُعُلٌ is a measure of a pl. of many epithets of the measure فَعِيلٌ, as جَدِيدٌ and نَذِيرٌ &c., but not, to my knowledge, of any word of the measure فِعِّيلٌ,] (TA,) A man incapable of going in to women; (Mgh, Msb;) one who does not go in to women by reason of impotence: (K:) or, as some say, one who has connection with her who is not a virgin, but not with the virgin: (TA:) or a man who is not desirous of women: (S, K:) and ↓ مَعْنُونٌ and ↓ مُعَنٌّ (Msb, TA) and ↓ مُعَنَّنٌ (TA) signify the same. (Msb, TA.) And عِنِّينَةٌ signifies A woman not desirous of men: (S, Msb, * TA:) but there is disagreement in respect of the application of the epithet to a woman. (TA.) عِنِّينَةٌ, as a subst.: see عُنَّةٌ, former half, in two places.

عُنْوَانٌ and عِنْوَانٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ عُنْيَانٌ and عِنْيَانٌ, (S, K,) the first of which is the most chaste, (S,) originally عُنَّانٌ, (K,) of a book, or writing, (S, Msb,) The superscription, or title, thereof: (TK:) what these words denote is thus called because it occurs (يَعِنُّ, K, TA, i. e. يَعْرِضُ, TA) in a bordering part thereof: (K, TA:) and they also signify [sometimes, as indicating the nature of the contents,] the preface of a book, or writing. (TK.) And Anything that serves as an indication of another thing is called its عُنْوَان. (Msb, K.) One says, الظَّاهِرُ عُنْوَانُ البَاطِنِ, meaning The outward state of the man is the indication of the inward state. (TK.) And one says of a man who speaks obliquely, not plainly, جَعَلَ كَذَا عُنْوَانًا لِحَاجَتِهِ He made such a thing to be an indication of his want. (TA.) [See also art. عنو.]

عُنْيَانٌ and عِنْيَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عِنِّينِيَّةٌ: see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

عَانٌّ and عَانَّةٌ: see عَنَانٌ. b2: And for the former, see also عَنُونٌ. b3: Also, the former, A long mountain (جَبَل), (K, TA, in some copies of the K حَبْل [i. e. rope],) that presents itself in the direction in which one is going, and interrupts his way. (TA.) أَعْنَانٌ The sides, quarters, tracts, or regions, of anything: (Yoo, TA:) this is the proper signification: (TA:) [hence,] أَعْنَانُ السَّمَآءِ [in one of my copies of the S السَّحَابِ, but altered from السَّمَآءِ,] means The sides, quarters, tracts, or regions, of the sky: (K:) or the surfaces thereof, and what present themselves to view of the sides, quarters, tracts, or regions, thereof; as though pl. of ↓ عَنَنْ, (S, TA,) or of ↓ عَنٌّ: (TA:) the vulgar say عِنَانُ السَّمَآءِ. (S, TA.) b2: And [it is said that]

أَعْنَانُ الشَّيَاطِينِ means The natural dispositions of the devils. (K.) It is said of camels, in a trad., خُلِقَتْ مِنْ أَعْنَانِ الشَّيَاطِينِ [as though meaning They are created of the natural dispositions of the devils]: and in another trad., أَعْنَانُ الشَّيَاطِينِ occurs as said [app. by Mohammad] in answer to a question respecting camels: [but] accord. to IAth, the meaning seems to be, that, by reason of their many evil affections, they are as though they were from the tracts of the devil in respect of their natural dispositions. (TA.) تَعْنِينَةٌ: see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

مُعَنٌّ: see عِنِّينٌ.

مِعَنٌّ One who enters into that which does not concern him, and interferes in everything; (K;) i. q. عِرِّيضٌ, (S,) or عَرِّيضٌ مِتْيَحٌ: (TA: [see these two words:]) fem. with ة (S, K.) b2: and An orator, or a preacher; syn. خَطِيبٌ: (S, K:) or an eloquent خطيب. (TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph.

مُعَنَّنٌ: see عِنِّينٌ: b2: and see also مُعَنًّى, in art. عنو.

A2: مُعَنَّنَةُ الخَلْقِ (tropical:) A girl, or young woman, compact in make; (K, TA;) [as though] compactly twisted like the عِنَان [or rein]: (A, TA:) and ↓ مِعَنَّةٌ (assumed tropical:) a woman compact in make, not flabby in the belly. (TA.) A3: See also عُنَّةٌ, near the middle.

مُعَنًّى: see عُنَّةٌ, near the middle.

مَعْنُونٌ [pass. part. n. of 1, q. v.

A2: And] i. q. عِنِّينٌ; q. v. (Msb, TA.) b2: And Possessed; or mad, or insane. (K, TA.)

عجس

1 عَجَسَهُ, (K,) [aor. ـِ inf. n. عَجْسٌ, (S, O,) He grasped it; (S, O, K;) namely, a thing [such, for ex., as a bow]: (S:) [and he grasped it hard; for] عَجْسٌ signifies also the grasping a thing hard. (TA.) b2: And عَجَسَهُ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ, aor. as above, (O, K,) and so the inf. n., (O,) He, or it, withheld him from the object of his want; (O, K;) as also ↓ تعجّسهُ: (TA:) and ↓ تعجّسهُ is likewise said of a radical, or hereditary, evil quality, meaning It withheld him from generous actions; (Sh, O, K;) as also تعقّلهُ and تثفّلهُ. (Sh, O.) And عَجَسَنِى عَنْكَ It (an affair, or event,) withheld me from thee. (AO, O.) And بِهِمْ ↓ تعجّس He withheld them; and he held them back, or made them slow or tardy: (Sh, O, K: *) and one says, بِىَ الرَّاحِلَةُ ↓ تَعَجَّسَتْ The riding-camel kept me back, or made me slow or tardy. (TA.) b3: عَجَسَ and ↓ تعجّس alone signify He was, or became, slow, tardy, late, or backward: (TA:) and the latter signifies [likewise] he was, or became, behind, or backward; or he remained behind, or held back. (O, TA.) b4: And one says of a she-camel, عَجَسَتْ بِهِ, (O, K,) aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) meaning She turned aside, or away, with him from the road, by reason of her briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness; (O, K, TA;) and so ↓ تعجّست; and, as written by El-Urmawee, ↓ عَجَّسَتْ. (TA.) 2 عَجَّسَ see what next precedes.5 تَعَجَّسَ see 1, in six places. b2: تعجّسهُ also signifies He reckoned, or esteemed, his judgment, or opinion, weak. (Sh, O, * TA.) b3: And He upbraided him, or reproached him, for a thing, or an affair, (IDrd, K, TA,) which he had commanded him to do. (IDrd, TA.) b4: And تعجّس

أَمْرَهُ He searched repeatedly after the knowledge of his (i. e. another's S, O) affair, or case. (S, O, K.) Hence, in a trad., فَيَتَجَّسُكُمْ فِى قُرَيْشٍ

And he seeks repeatedly after you among Kureysh. (TA.) b5: And تعجّست الأَرْضَ غُيُوثٌ Rains fell, one after another, upon the earth, or land, (S, O, K, TA,) and bore heavily upon it. (TA.) A2: تعجّس الرَّجُلُ The man went forth in a last portion, before daybreak, (↓ بِعِجْسَةٍ, O, or ↓ بِعُجْسَةٍ, K, [but see what follows,]) of the night: (O, K:) El-Marrár Ibn-Sa'eed El-Fak'asee says, describing his travelling-companions, وَإِذَا هُمُ ارْتَحَلُوا بِلَيْلٍ حَابِسٍ

↓ المُتَعَجِّسِ ↓ أُخْرَى النُّجُومِ بِعَجْسَةِ [And when they departed in an impeding night, in the last period of the appearance of the stars, in a last portion of the night of him who goes forth at that time]. (O: in which بعجسة is thus written, with fet-h and damm, and with مَعًا above them.) [It is also said in the O (immediately after this verse), and likewise in the K and TA (in neither of which is the verse cited), in all of them probably from one and the same source, that ↓ المُتَعَجِّسُ means المُتَشَمْخِرُ; and it is added in the TA that this has been mentioned in its place: but it is not mentioned in its proper art. in the O nor in the K nor in the TA; and it is evidently a mistranscription, for المُسْتَحِرُ, part. n. of اِسْتَحَرَ (q. v. voce أَسْحَرَ), and therefore I have rendered المُتَعَجِّس as above.]

عَجْسٌ and ↓ عُجْسٌ and ↓ عِجْسٌ The handle, or part that is grasped by the hand, of a bow; (S, O, K, TA;) which is the part, thereof, that is the place of the arrow; as AHn says, the thickest place therein; (TA;) as also ↓ مَعْجِسٌ [lit. the place of grasping]. (S, O, K.) b2: And, (K,) or the first of these words, (S, O,) A portion of the middle of the night; (S, O, K;) as though from the عَجْس of the bow; [whence] one says, مَضَى عَجْسٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ [A portion of the middle of the night passed]: (S, O:) or the last part of the night: (Lth, O, K:) or the blackness of the night &c. (TA.) [See also عُجْسَةٌ.] b3: And see أَعْجَسُ.

عُجْسٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عِجْسٌ: see عَجْسٌ. [It is of the dial. of Hudheyl. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees).] b2: Also The part, of an arrow, that is below, or exclusive of, the feathers. (TA.) عَجْسَةٌ: see 5, last sentence but one.

عُجْسَةٌ, with damm, A period (سَاعَةٌ) of the night. (O, K, TA.) And The blackness of night. (IAar, TA. [See also عَجْسٌ.]) And see 5, last sentence but one, in two places.

عِجْسَةٌ: see 5, last sentence but one.

عَجُوسٌ Pouring rain, (S, O, K, TA,) that does not clear away. (TA.) And Clouds (سَحَابٌ) heavy [with rain], (O, K,) not passing away. (O.) عَجِيسٌ, applied to a stallion, (S, K, TA,) Impotent to cover; (TA;) that will not impregnate: (S, K, TA:) as also عَجِيزٌ. (S.) and both signify also A man who does not come to women [by reason of impotence]. (TA in art. عجز.) b2: See also what next follows.

لَا آتِيكَ سَجِيسَ عُجَيْسٍ, (S, O,) and سَجِيسَ

↓ عَجِيسٍ and سَجِيسَ عَجِيسَ, (O,) both of which words are written in the K in this art. like

أَمِير, with a reference to art. سجس, but the latter of them is correctly عُجَيْس, in the dim. form, (TA,) mean I will not come to thee ever; (S, O;) or while time lasts. (TA.) And one says also, لَا آتِيكَ عُجَيْسَ الدَّهْرِ I will not come to thee to the end of time. (TA.) أَعْجَسُ Strong in the ↓ عَجْس, i. e. the middle. (O, K.) [To what this epithet is applied is not said.]

مَعْجِسٌ: see عَجْسٌ.

مُتَعَجِّسٌ see 5, last two sentences.

عرس

1 عَرِسَ بِهِ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَرَسٌ, (TA,) He kept, or clave, to him or it; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَعْرَسَهُ. (O, K.) From this, and from another signification of the same verb, which see below, عَرُوسٌ is said [by some] to be derived. (Msb.) You say, عَرِسَ الرَّجُلُ بِقِرْنِهِ The man kept, or clave, to his opponent or adversary, in fight. (Mgh.) And عَرِسَ الصَّبِىُّ بِأُمِّهِ, (TA,) or أُمَّهُ, (Mgh,) The child kept to his mother. (Mgh, TA.) And عَرِسَ الشَّرُّ بِهِمْ Evil clung, or stuck fast, to them, and continued. (TA.) b2: [Hence, perhaps,] عَرِسَ الشَّىْءُ, [or, perhaps, الشَّرُّ,] inf. n. as above, The thing [or evil or mischief] became vehement, or severe, or distressful. (TA.) A2: عَرِسَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَرَسٌ, He (a man) was, or became, fatigued: (TA:) or عَرِسَ, (IKtt,) or عَرِسَ عَنِ الجِمَاعِ, (Msb,) he (a man) was, or became, fatigued, or weak, and so disabled, or incapacitated, from copulation; syn. كَلَّ, (Msb,) and أَعْيَا, (IKtt, Msb,) عن الجماع. (IKtt.) From this, and from another signification of the same verb, mentioned above, عَرُوسٌ is said [by some] to be derived. (Msb.) b2: Also He was, or became, confounded or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; syn. دَهِشَ: (S, O, K:) and so عَرِشَ. (TA.) b3: and عَرِسَ عَنْهُ He held back, or refrained, from him, or it, through cowardice. (TA.) b4: And عَرِسَ عَلَىَّ مَا عِنْدَهُ i. q. اِمْتَنَعَ [i. e. What he had was unattainable, or difficult of attainment, to me]. (IAar, O, K. [In the CK, علَى is put for عَلَىَّ.]) A3: عَرَسَ البَعِيرَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, TA) and عَرِسَ, (TA,) inf. n. عَرْسٌ, (S, O,) He bound the camel's fore shank to his neck, (S, O, K,) while he was lying down, (S, O,) with the rope called ↓ عِرَاسٌ: (S, O, K:) or, as some say, he bound the neck of the camel to both of his fore legs. (TA.) 2 عرّسوا, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَعْرِيسٌ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb;) and ↓ اعرسوا; (S, O, K;) but the former is the more common; (K;) the latter, rare; (S, O;) They alighted (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) during a journey, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) in the last part of the night, (S, Mgh, O, K,) for a rest, (S, O, Msb, K,) and made their camels lie down, and took a nap, or slight sleep, (TA,) and then departed, (S, Msb,) and continued their journey, at daybreak: (TA:) [see also 2 in art. عوه:] or they journeyed all the day, and alighted in the first part of the night: (TA:) or they alighted (Az, Msb, TA) in a usual place of resort (TA) at any time of the night or day. (Az, Msb, TA.) [Hence,] لَيْلَةُ التَّعْرِيسِ The night in which the Apostle of God slept: (O, K:) the story of which is well known, in the biographies of him and in the traditions. (TA.) [It was when he was returning from the siege and capture of Kheyber: he halted in the latter part of the night, and unintentionally slept until the time of the prayer of daybreak had passed. See “ Mishcàt ul-Masábìh,” vol. i., p. 146.]

A2: See also 4.

A3: عُرِّسَ, inf. n. as above, It (a chamber) had an عَرْس [q. v.] made to it. (TA.) 4 اعرس He made, or prepared, a marriagefeast. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) b2: [He became a bridegroom.] And اعرس بِأَهْلِهِ, (S, O, K,) or بِامْرَأَتِهِ, (Mgh, * Msb,) He had his wife conducted to him on the occasion of the marriage; syn. بَنَى

بِهَا, (T, S,) or بَنَى عَلَيْهَا; (Mgh, O, K;) as also بها ↓ عرّس; (TA;) or this latter is only used by the vulgar; (S, O, TA;) or is a mistake: (Mgh, Msb:) and he abode with his wife during the days of and after that event: (TA:) [and] he went in to his wife (IAth, Msb) [a signification which may be meant to be included in the explanation بني بها or بنى عليها] on the occasion of that event; meaning, he compressed her; وَطْءٌ being thus called إِعْرَاسٌ because it is a consequence of إِعْرَاس [properly so termed]: (IAth:) the phrase also signifies [simply] he compressed his wife. (S, TA.) A2: See also 2: A3: and see عَرِسَ بِهِ.5 تعرّس لِامْرَأَتِهِ He manifested, or showed, love, or affection, to his wife, (A, Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) and kept to her. (TA.) [App. originally signifying He behaved like a bridegroom (عَرُوس) to his wife.]

عَرْسٌ A wall which is placed between the two [main lateral] walls of the winter-chamber, not reaching to the further end thereof, (S, O, K, TA,) then the beam is laid from the inner extremity of that wall to the further end of the chamber, (TA,) and it is roofed over, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. the whole chamber is roofed over: what is between the two walls [above mentioned] is [called] a سَهْوَة [q. v.], and what is beneath the beam [app. with what is screened by the middle wall from the portion (of the chamber) in which is the entrance] is the مُِخْدَع: (TA:) this is done for the sake of more warmth, and only in cold countries: (S, O, K, TA:) and it is called in Pers\. بيجه [correctly پيچه]: (S, TA:) and عَرْصٌ is [said to be] a dial. var. thereof. (TA.) عُرْسٌ (Az, S, Msb, K) and ↓ عُرُسٌ (Az, S, K) substs. from أَعْرَسَ as signifying “ he had his wife conducted to him on the occasion of his marriage,” and “ he went in to her: ” (Az, TA:) The ceremony of conducting a bride to her husband: (Msb:) or the ministration, or performance, of a marriage, and of the ceremony of conducting the bride to her husband: (TA:) or [simply] marriage: or coitus: syn. نِكَاحٌ: (K, TA:) because this is the real thing intended by الإِعْرَاس: (TA:) in the first of these senses, it is masc. and fem.; or, accord. to some, fem. only: as masc., its pl. is أَعْرَاسٌ; and as fem., its pl. is عُرُسَاتٌ. (Msb.) Hence [the trad.], إِذَا دُعِىَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى وَلِيمَةِ عُرْسٍ فَلْيُجِبْ When any one of you is invited to a marriage-feast, or a feast given on the occasion of the conducting of a bride to her husband, let him consent. (Mgh.) b2: And hence, (Az, TA,) A marriage-feast: (A 'Obeyd, Az, S, O, K:) or a feast made on the occasion of conducting a bride to her husband: (Msb:) in this sense it is masc.: (Msb:) or mase, and fem.: (S, O:) or fem., and sometimes mase. (Az, TA.) A rájiz says, إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا عُرُسَ الحَنَّاطِ لَئِيمَةً مَذْمُومَةَ الحُوَّاطِ [Verily we found the marriage-feast of the wheatseller to be mean, discommended for the managers: see also حُوَاطَةٌ]. (Az, S, O, TA.) Pl. as above, i. e., أَعْرَاسٌ and عُرُسَاتٌ. (S, O, K.) [See an ex. voce خُرْسٌ.] b3: [And hence,] A state of rejoicing. (IB, voce مَأْتَمٌ, q. v.) b4: The dim. is [عُرَيْسٌ,] without ة; which is extr., [accord. to those who hold it to be fem. only,] for [accord, to them] it should have ة, being a fem. n. of three letters. (TA.) عِرْسٌ A man's wife: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) and a woman's husband: (O, Msb, K:) pl. (in both senses, TA) أَعْرَاسٌ: (S, O, Msb, K, TA:) the dual, عِرْسَانِ, is sometimes applied to the male and female, (S, O,) or husband and wife: (TA:) and to a male and female ostrich: (IB:) and the sing., to the mate of the lion: (S, A, O, K:) and the pl. is applied, metaphorically, by Málik Ibn-Khuweylid El-Hudhalee, to lions. (TA.) A2: اِبْنُ عِرْسٍ [The weasel; and a weasel;] a certain small animal, (Lth, S, O, Msb, K,) well known, (TA,) resembling the rat (الفَأْرَة), (Msb,) smaller than the cat, (Lth, O, TA,) having the lower lip cleft (أَشْتَرُ), and very short ears, as though they were amputated, (Lth, O, K,) and having a canine tooth; (TA;) called in Persian رَاسُوْ: (S, Mgh:) the name is determinate and indeterminate: (TA:) pl. بَنَاتُ عِرْسٍ, (S, Msb, K,) applied to the males and the females; (O, K;) like as you say اِبْنُ آوَى and اِبْنُ مَخَاضٍ and اِبْنُ لَبُونٍ and اِبْنُ مَآءٍ, and in the pl. بَنَاتُ آوَى and بَنَاتُ مَخَاضٍ and بَنَاتُ لَبُونٍ and بَنَاتُ مَآءٍ; or, accord. to Akh, you say بَنَاتُ عِرْسٍ and بَنُو عِرْسٍ, like بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ and بَنُو نَعْشٍ. (S, O.) عِرِسٌ One who quits not the place of conflict, by reason of courage. (TA.) b2: العَرِسُ The lion: (O, K:) because he keeps to the preying upon men; or because he keeps to his covert, or retreat. (O, * TA.) A2: Also Confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; syn. دَهِشٌ. (S, O, K.) عُرُسٌ: see عُرْسٌ.

عِرْسِىٌّ A certain dye; (K;) a certain colour of dye, likened to the colour of the اِبْنُ عِرْس [or weasel]. (S, O.) عِرَاسٌ: see 1, last sentence.

عَرُوسٌ A bridegroom: and a bride: i. e., a man, and a woman, during the period of their إِعْرَاس or أَعْرَاس [thus differently written in different MSS.]; (S, A, O, Msb, K;) or when the one goes in to the other: (IAth:) you say رَجُلٌ عَرُوسٌ [a bridegroom, vulgarly, in the present day, ↓ عَرِيس,] and اِمْرَأَةٌ عَرُوسٌ [a bride, vulgarly, in the present day, ↓ عَرُوسَة]: (S:) and عُرُوسٌ is a dial. var. of the same: (IAar, TA:) pl. mase.

عُرُسٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and أَعْرَاسٌ; (TA;) and pl. fem. عَرَائِسُ. (S, O, Msb, K.) [See عَرِسَ, in two places.] It is said in a prov., كَادَ العَرُوسُ يَكُونُ أَمِيرًا [The bridegroom was near to being a prince]. (S: in the O, مَلِكًا.) The dim. is عُرَيِّسٌ, without the addition of ة to distinguish the fem., because of the fourth letter. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَبْيَاتٌ عَرَائِسُ (tropical:) Verses of which the words are marked with diacritical points: for, as Esh-Shereeshee says, the Arabs used to adorn the bride by speckling her cheeks with saffron: opposed to أَبْيَاتٌ عَوَاطِلُ. (Har p. 610.) b3: [Hence also,] عَرَائِسُ الإِبِلِ (assumed tropical:) The high-bred of camels. (A.) عَرِيس: see the next preceding paragraph.

عَرُوسَة: see the next preceding paragraph.

عِرِّيسٌ and عِرِّيسَةٌ, [the latter the more common,] A thicket: (L:) the covert, or retreat, of the lion, (S, O, K, TA,) in a thicket. (TA.) [It is said in a prov.,] كَمُبْتَغِى الصَّيْدِ فِى عِرِّيسَةِ الأَسَدِ [Like the seeker of game in the covert of the lion]: from a verse of Et-Tirimmáh. (Z, O. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 360.] (TA.) b2: Also the former, The place of growth [or origin] of the stock of a man, among his people. (TA.) عِرِّيسَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُعْرَسٌ: see what next follows.

مُعَرَّسٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مُعْرَسٌ, (O, K,) [the former of which is the more common,] A place where people alight (S, O, K) during a journey, (S,) in the last part of the night, for a rest, (S, O, K,) and make their camels lie down, and take a nap, or slight sleep, (TA,) after which they depart, (S,) and continue their journey, at daybreak: (TA:) or a place where people alight in the first part of the night, after journeying all the day: or a usual place of resort where people alight at any time of the night or day. (TA.) b2: Also the former, A chamber (بَيْت) having an عَرْس [q. v.] made to it. (S, O, K.)

فَدَكُ:
بالتحريك، وآخره كاف، قال ابن دريد:
فدّكت القطن تفديكا إذا نفشته، وفدك: قرية بالحجاز بينها وبين المدينة يومان، وقيل ثلاثة، أفاءها الله على رسوله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، في سنة سبع صلحا، وذلك أن النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، لما نزل خيبر وفتح حصونها ولم يبق إلا ثلث واشتد بهم الحصار راسلوا رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، يسألونه أن ينزلهم على الجلاء وفعل، وبلغ ذلك أهل فدك فأرسلوا إلى رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أن يصالحهم على النصف من ثمارهم وأموالهم فأجابهم إلى ذلك، فهي مما لم يوجف عليه بخيل ولا ركاب فكانت خالصة لرسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وفيها عين فوّارة ونخيل كثيرة، وهي التي قالت فاطمة، رضي الله عنها: إن رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، نحلنيها، فقال أبو بكر، رضي الله عنه:
أريد لذلك شهودا، ولها قصة، ثم أدى اجتهاد عمر ابن الخطاب بعده لما ولي الخلافة وفتحت الفتوح واتسعت على المسلمين أن يردّها إلى ورثة رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فكان علي بن أبي طالب، رضي
الله عنه، والعباس بن عبد المطلب يتنازعان فيها، فكان عليّ يقول: إن النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، جعلها في حياته لفاطمة، وكان العباس يأبى ذلك ويقول:
هي ملك لرسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وأنا وارثه، فكانا يتخاصمان إلى عمر، رضي الله عنه، فيأبى أن يحكم بينهما ويقول: أنتما أعرف بشأنكما أما أنا فقد سلمتها إليكما فاقتصدا فيما يؤتى واحد منكما من قلة معرفة، فلما ولي عمر بن عبد العزيز الخلافة كتب إلى عامله بالمدينة يأمره بردّ فدك إلى ولد فاطمة، رضي الله عنها، فكانت في أيديهم في أيام عمر بن عبد العزيز، فلما ولي يزيد بن عبد الملك قبضها فلم تزل في أيدي بني أمية حتى ولي أبو العباس السفّاح الخلافة فدفعها إلى الحسن بن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب فكان هو القيّم عليها يفرّقها في بني علي بن أبي طالب، فلما ولي المنصور وخرج عليه بنو الحسن قبضها عنهم، فلما ولي المــهدي بن المنصور الخلافة أعادها عليهم ثم قبضها موسى الهادي ومن بعده إلى أيام المأمون فجاءه رسول بني علي بن أبي طالب فطالب بها فأمر أن يسجّل لهم بها، فكتب السجلّ وقرئ على المأمون، فقام دعبل الشاعر وأنشد:
أصبح وجه الزمان قد ضحكا ... بردّ مأمون هاشم فدكا
وفي فدك اختلاف كثير في أمره بعد النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأبي بكر وآل رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، ومن رواة خبرها من رواه بحسب الأهواء وشدة المراء، وأصح ما ورد عندي في ذلك ما ذكره أحمد بن جابر البلاذري في كتاب الفتوح له فانه قال: بعث رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، بعد منصرفه من خيبر إلى أرض فدك محيّصة بن مسعود ورئيس فدك يومئذ يوشع بن نون اليهودي يدعوهم إلى الإسلام فوجدهم مرعوبين خائفين لما بلغهم من أخذ خيبر فصالحوه على نصف الأرض بتربتها فقبل ذلك منهم وأمضاه رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وصار خالصا له، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، لأنه لم يوجف عليه بخيل ولا ركاب، فكان يصرف ما يأتيه منها في أبناء السبيل، ولم يزل أهلها بها حتى أجلى عمر، رضي الله عنه، اليهود فوجّه إليهم من قوّم نصف التربة بقيمة عدل فدفعها إلى اليهود وأجلاهم إلى الشام، وكان لما قبض رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، قالت فاطمة، رضي الله عنها، لأبي بكر، رضي الله عنه: إن رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، جعل لي فدك فأعطني إياها، وشهد لها علي بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، فسألها شاهدا آخر فشهدت لها أمّ أيمن مولاة النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فقال:
قد علمت يا بنت رسول الله أنه لا يجوز إلا شهادة رجلين أو رجل وامرأتين، فانصرفت، وروي عن أمّ هانئ أن فاطمة أتت أبا بكر، رضي الله عنه، فقالت له: من يرثك؟ فقال: ولدي وأهلي، فقالت له: فما بالك ورثت رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، دوننا؟ فقال: يا بنت رسول الله ما ورثت ذهبا ولا فضة ولا كذا ولا كذا ولا كذا، فقالت: سهمنا بخيبر وصدقتنا بفدك! فقال: يا بنت رسول الله سمعت رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، يقول: إنما هي طعمة أطعمنيها الله تعالى حياتي فإذا متّ فهي بين المسلمين. وعن عروة بن الزبير: أن أزواج رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أرسلن عثمان بن عفان إلى أبي بكر يسألن مواريثهن من سهم رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فقال أبو بكر: سمعت رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، يقول: نحن معاشر الأنبياء لا نورث، ما تركناه صدقة، إنما هذا المال لآل
محمد لنائبتهم وضيفهم فإذا متّ فهو إلى والي الأمر من بعدي، فأمسكن، فلما ولي عمر بن عبد العزيز خطب الناس وقصّ قصة فدك وخلوصها لرسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأنه كان ينفق منها ويضع فضلها في أبناء السبيل، وذكر أن فاطمة سألته أن يهبها لها فأبى وقال: ما كان لك أن تسأليني وما كان لي أن أعطيك، وكان يضع ما يأتيه منها في أبناء السبيل، وإنه، عليه الصلاة والسلام، لما قبض فعل أبو بكر وعمر وعثمان وعليّ مثله، فلما ولي معاوية أقطعها مروان بن الحكم، وإن مروان وهبها لعبد العزيز ولعبد الملك ابنيه ثم إنها صارت لي وللوليد وسليمان، وإنه لما ولي الوليد سألته فوهبها لي وسألت سليمان حصته فوهبها لي أيضا فاستجمعتها، وإنه ما كان لي مال أحبّ إليّ منها، وإنني أشهدكم أنني رددتها على ما كانت عليه في أيام النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وأبي بكر وعمر وعثمان وعليّ، فكان يأخذ مالها هو ومن بعده فيخرجه في أبناء السبيل، فلما كانت سنة 210 أمر المأمون بدفعها إلى ولد فاطمة وكتب إلى قثم بن جعفر عامله على المدينة أنه كان رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أعطى ابنته فاطمة، رضي الله عنها، فدك وتصدّق عليها بها وأن ذلك كان أمرا ظاهرا معروفا عند آله، عليه الصلاة والسلام، ثم لم تزل فاطمة تدعي منه بما هي أولى من صدّق عليه، وأنه قد رأى ردّها إلى ورثتها وتسليمها إلى محمد بن يحيى ابن الحسين بن زيد بن علي بن الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب ومحمد بن عبد الله بن الحسين بن علي بن الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنهما، ليقوما بها لأهلهما، فلما استخلف جعفر المتوكل ردّها إلى ما كانت عليه في عهد رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وأبي بكر وعمر وعثمان وعليّ وعمر بن عبد العزيز ومن بعده من الخلفاء، وقال الزجاجي: سميت بفدك ابن حام وكان أول من نزلها، وقد ذكر غير ذلك وهو في ترجمة أجإ، وينسب إليها أبو عبد الله محمد بن صدقة الفدكي، سمع مالك بن أنس، روى عنه إبراهيم بن المنذر الحزامي وكان مدنّسا، وقال زهير:
لئن حللت بجوّ في بني أسد ... في دين عمرو وحالت بيننا فدك
ليأتينّك منّي منطق قذع ... باق كما دنّس القبطيّة الودك

اذ

إِذْ a word denoting past time: (Lth, T, S, M, L, Mughnee, K:) it is a noun, (S, L, Mughnee, K,) indecl., with its last letter quiescent; and properly is prefixed to a proposition; (S, L, K;) as in جِئْتُكَ إِذْ قَامَ زَيدٌ [I came to thee when Zeyd stood], and إِذْ زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ and إِذْ زَيْدٌ يقُومُ [When Zeyd was standing]. (S, L.) The proposition to which it is prefixed is either nominal, as in [the words of the Kur viii. 26,] وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ أَنْتُمْ قَلِيلٌ [And remember ye when ye were few]; or verbal, having the verb in the pret. as to the letter and as to the meaning, as in [the Kur ii. 28, &c.,] وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ [And when thy Lord said unto the angels]; or verbal with the verb in the pret. as to the meaning but not as to the letter, as in [the Kur ii. 121,] وَ إِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرٰهِيمُ القَوَاعِدَ [And when Abraham was rearing the foundations]; all three of which kinds are comprised in the Kur where it is said, [ix. 40,]
إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِىَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِى الغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحزَنْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ مَعَنَا [If ye will not aid him, verily God aided him, when those who disbelieved expelled him, being the second of two, when they two were in the cave, when he was saying to his companion, Grieve not thou, for God is with us]. (Mughnee.) But sometimes one half of the proposition is suppressed, as in إِذْ ذَاكَ, [also written إِذَّاكَ,] meaning إِذْ ذَاكَ كَذٰلِكَ [When that was so], or إِذْ ذَاكَ كَائِنٌ [When that was, i. e. then, at that time]. (Mughnee.) And sometimes the whole of the proposition is suppressed, (M, Mughnee,) as being known, (Mughnee,) and tenween is substituted for it; the ذ receiving kesreh because of the occurrence of two quiescent letters together, (M, Mughnee,) namely the ذ and the tenween, (M,) and thus one says, يَوْمَئِذٍ; the kesreh of the ذ not being, as Akh holds it to be, the kesreh of declension, although اذ here occupies the place of a noun governed in the gen. case by another prefixed to it, (M, Mughnee,) for it still requires a proposition to be understood after it, (Mughnee,) and is held to be indecl. (M, Mughnee) by general consent, like كَمْ and مَنْ, (M,) as being composed of two letters. (Mughnee.) [J says,] when إِذْ is not prefixed to a proposition, it has tenween: (S:) and hence Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, (S, M,) نَهَيْتُكَ عَنْ طِلَابِكَ أُمَّ عَمْرٍو بِعَافِيَةٍ وَأَنْتَ إِذٍ صَحِيحُ [I forbade thy suing Umm-'Amr in health, thou being then sound]; (S, M, L, Mughnee, TA; [but in two copies of the S, for بِعَافِيَةٍ, I find بِعَاقِبَةٍ; and in the L it is without any point;]) in which [J says] the poet means حِينَئِذٍ, like as one says يَوْمَئذٍ and لَيْلَتَئِذٍ: (S:) and Fr says that some of the Arabs say, كَانَ كَذَا و كَذَا وَهُوَ إِذٍ صَبِىٌّ, meaning هُوَ إِذْ ذَاكَ صَبِىٌّ [Such and such things were, he being then a boy]. (T.) إِذِى also occurs for اذ [app. إِذٍ, but whether this or إِذْ is not clear in the MS. from which I take this]. (M.) When إِذٍ is adjoined to nouns signifying times, the Arabs join it therewith in writing, in certain instances: namely حِينَئِذٍ [At that time, or then], and يَوْمَئِذٍ

[In, or on, or at, that day], and لَيْلَتَئِذٍ [In, or on, or at, that night], and غَدَاتَئِذٍ [In, or on, that morning], and عَشِيَّتَئِذٍ [In, or on, that evening], and سَاعَتَئِذٍ [In that hour: or at that time; then], and عَامَئِذٍ [In that year], [and وَقْتَئِذٍ At that time; then]; but they did not say الآنَئِذٍ, because الآنَ denotes the nearest present time, except in the dial. of Hudheyl, in which it has been found to occur. (T.) When it is followed by a verb, or by a noun not having the article ال prefixed to it, or [rather] by any movent letter, the ذ of إِذْ is quieseent; but when it is followed by a noun with ال, [or by any ا,] the ذ is mejroorah, as in the saying, إِذِ القَوْمُ كَانُوا نَازِلِينَ بِكَاظِمَهْ [When the people, or company of men, were alighting, or taking up their abode, at Kádhimeh]. (T.) b2: In general, (Mughnee, K,) it is an adverbial noun denoting past time, (M, Mughnee, K,) when it is a noun denoting such time, (Mughnee, K,) as in وَ إِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ [explained above], (M,) and in فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ إِذْ

أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا [also explained above, and in other instances already mentioned]: (Mughnee, K:) in the former of which instances, AO says that it is redundant; (M, Mughnee;) but Aboo-Is-hák says that this is a bold assertion of his; (M;) [and IHsh says,] this assertion is of no account, and so is that of him who says that it here denotes certainty, like قَدْ: (Mughnee:) [J holds the opinion of AO on this point; for he says,] إِذْ is sometimes redundant, like إِذَا, as in the saying in the Kur [ii. 48], وَإِذْ وَاعَدْنَا مُوسَى, meaning وَوَاعَدْنَا مُوسَى [And We appointed a time with Moses; but instances of this kind are most probably elliptical: see the next sentence]. (S.) As a noun denoting past time, it is [said to be] also an objective complement of a verb, as in [the Kur vii. 84,] وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ كُنْتُمْ قَلِيلاً [and remember ye when ye were few]: (Mughnee, K:) and generally in the commencements of narratives in the Kur, it may be an objective complement of أُذْكُرْ understood, as in وَ إِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ [before cited], and the like. (Mughnee: but see the third of the sentences here following.) As such, it is [said to be] also a substitute for the objective complement of a verb, as in [the Kur xix. 16,] وَ اذْكُرْ فِى الْكِتَابِ مَرْيَمَ إِذِ انْتَبَذَتْ [and mention thou, or remember thou, in the Scripture, Mary, the time when she withdrew aside], where اذ is a substitute of implication for مريم. (Mughnee, K: but see the second of the sentences here following.) As such, it also has prefixed to it a noun of time, of such a kind that it is without need thereof, as in يَوْمَئِذٍ, or not of such a kind that it is without need thereof, as in [the Kur iii. 6,] بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْــتَنَا [After the time when Thou hast directed us aright]. (Mughnee, K.) And it is generally asserted, that it never occurs otherwise than as an adverbial noun, or as having a noun prefixed to it; that in the like of وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ كُنْتُمْ قَلِيلاً, it is an adverbial noun relating to an objective complement suppressed, i. e. وَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنْتُمْ قَلِيلاً [And remember ye the grace of God towards you when ye were few]; and in the like of إِذِ انْتَبَذَتْ, that it is an adverbial noun relating to a suppressed prefixed noun to [that which becomes by the suppression] the objective complement of a verb, i. e. [in this instance]

وَ اذْكُرْ قِصَّةَ مَرْيَمَ [And mention thou, or remember thou, the case of Mary]: and this assertion is strengthened by the express mention of the [proper] objective complement in [the Kur iii. 98,] وَ اذْكُروا نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنْتُمْ أَعْدَآءً [And remember ye the grace of God towards you when ye were enemies]. (Mughnee.) b3: Also, (Mughnee, K,) accord. to some, (T, Mughnee,) it is used (T, Mughnee, K) as a noun (Mughnee, K) to indicate future time, (T, Mughnee, K,) and إِذَا is said to denote past time, (T,) [i. e.] each of these occurs in the place of the other; (TA;) the former being used to indicate future time in the Kur [xxxiv. 50], where it is said, وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ فَزِعُوا [And couldst thou see the time when they shall be terrified], meaning the day of resurrection; this usage being allowable, says Fr, only because the proposition is like one expressing a positive fact, since there is no doubt of the coming of that day; (T;) and in [the Kur xcix. 4,] يَوْمَئِذٍ تُحَدِّثُ أَخْبَارَهَا [On that day, she (the earth) shall tell her tidings]; (Mughnee, K;) this being generally regarded as similar to the expression of a future event which must necessarily happen as though it had already happened; but it may be urged in favour of those who hold a different opinion that it is said in the Kur [xl. 72 and 73], فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ إِذِ الأَغلَالُ فِى

أَعْنَاقِهِمْ [They shall hereafter know, when the collars shall be on their necks]; for يعلمون is a future as to the letter and the meaning because of its having سوف conjoined with it, and it governs اذ, which is therefore in the place of إِذَا. (Mughnee.) b4: It also indicates a cause, as in [the Kur xliii. 38,] لَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ إِذْ ظَلَمْتُمْ [It will not profit you this day, since, or because, ye have acted wrongfully], (Mughnee, K,) i. e. because of your having acted wrongfully in the sublunary state of existence; (Bd, Mughnee;) but it is disputed whether it be in this instance a particle in the place of the causative ل, or an adverbial noun: (Mughnee:) Aboo-'Alee seems to hold that اذ ظلمتم [as meaning when ye have acted wrongfully] is a substitute for, or a kind of repetition of, اليوم; an event happening in the present world being spoken of as though it happened in the world to come because the latter immediately follows the former. (IJ, M, L, Mughnee.) Yousay also, الحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ إِذْ جِئْتَ [Praise be to God because, or that, thou camest, or hast come]. (S in art. جيأ.) b5: It is also used to denote one's experiencing the occurrence of a thing when he is in a particular state; (S, L;) or to denote a thing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly; (S, Mughnee, K;) like إِذَا; (S;) and in this case is only followed by a verb expressing an event as a positive fact, (S, L,) and occurs after بَيْنَا and بَيْنَمَا; (Mughnee, K;) as [in exs. voce بَيْنَ; and] in بَيْنَمَا أَنَا كَذَا إِذْ جَآءَ زَيْدٌ [While I was thus, or in this state, lo, or behold, or there, or then, at that time, (accord. to different authorities, as will be seen below,) Zeyd came]; (S, L;) and as in the saying of a poet, اِسْتَقْدِرِ اللّٰهَ خَيْراً وَارْضَيَنَّ بِهِ فَبَيْنَمَاالْعُسْرُ إِذ دَارَتْ مَيَاسِيرُ [Beg thou God to appoint for thee good, and do thou be content therewith; for while there has been difficulty, lo, easy circumstances have come about]: (Mughnee, K: *) but it is disputed whether it be [in this case] an adverbial noun of place, (Mughnee, K,) as Zj and AHei hold; (TA;) or of time, (Mughnee, K,) as Mbr holds; (TA;) or a particle denoting the sudden, or unexpected, occurrence of a thing, (Mughnee, K,) as IB and Ibn-Málik hold; (TA;) or a corroborative, i. e. [grammatically] redundant, particle, (Mughnee, K,) an opinion which Ibn-Ya'eesh holds, and to which Er-Radee inclines. (TA.) b6: It is also a conditional particle, but only used as such coupled with ما, (S, L, Mughnee, *) and causes two aor. sts to assume the mejzoom form, (Mughnee,) as when you say, إِذْمَا تَأْتِنِى آتِكَ [When, or whenever, thou shalt come to me, I will come to thee], like as you say, إِنْ تأْتِنِى وَقْتًا

آتِكَ [If thou come to me at some, or any, time, I will come to thee]; and you say also إِذْمَا أَتَيْتَ [like as you say, إِنْ أَتَيْتَ, using the pret. in the sense of the future]: (S, L:) it is a particle accord. to Sb, used in the manner of the conditional إِنْ; but it is an adverbial noun accord. to Mbr and Ibn-Es-Sarráj and El-Fárisee. (Mughnee.) b7: [What I have translated from the S, L, K, and TA, in this art., is mostly from فصل الهمزة of باب الذال : the rest, from باب الالف اللينّة.]

عق

1 عَقَّ, (Msb, K, TA,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. عَقٌّ, (Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) He clave, split, slit, ripped, or rent; (Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA;) and he cut. (Mgh, O, TA.) You say, عَقَّ ثَوْبَهُ He slit, ripped, or rent, his garment. (Msb.) and عُقَّتْ تَمِيمَتُهُ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ [His amulet was cut off among the sons of such a one]; said of a boy when he has attained to the prime of manhood, and become strong, with a tribe; originating from the fact that as long as the boy was an infant, his mother hung upon him amulets to preserve him from the evil eye; and when he became full-grown, they were cut off from him: whence the saying of a poet, بِلَادٌ بِهَا عَقَّ الشَّبَابُ تَمِيمَتِى

وَأَوَّلُ أَرْضٍ مَسَّ جِلْدِى تُرَابُهَا [A country in which the attaining to the prime of manhood cut off my amulet, and the first land of which the dust touched my skin]. (TA.) b2: and [hence,] عَقَّتِ الرِّيحُ المُزْنَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, The wind drew forth a shower of fine rain from the مزن [or clouds containing water]; as though it rent them. (TA.) And عُقَّتِ السَّحَابَةُ The cloud poured forth its water; [as though it were rent;] and ↓ اِنْعَقَّت [means the same]; (TA;) and ↓ اعتقّت [likewise]. (O.) b3: and عَقَّ عَنْ وَلَدِهِ, (S, Msb,) or عَنِ المَوْلُودِ, (K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, TA) and عَقِّ, (TA,) inf. n. عَقٌّ, (S, Msb,) He slaughtered as a sacrifice (S, Msb, K, TA) for his child, (S, Msb,) or for the new-born child, (K,) a sheep or goat, (T, Msb, TA,) [generally the latter,] on the seventh day after the birth. (T, S, Msb, TA.) And He shaved the [hair termed] عَقِيقَة [q. v.] (S, TA) of his child, (S,) or of the new-born child. (TA.) b4: And عَقَّ بِالسَّهْمِ He shot the arrow towards the sky; and that arrow was called عَقِيقَةٌ; (S, O, K;) and it was the arrow of self-excuse: they used to do thus in the Time of Ignorance [on the occasion of a demand for blood-revenge]; and if the arrow returned smeared with blood, they were not content save with the retaliation of slaughter; but if it returned clean, they stroked their beards, and made reconciliation on the condition of the bloodwit; the stroking of the beards being a sign of reconciliation: the arrow, however, as IAar says, did not [ever] return otherwise than clean: (S, O:) the origin was this: a man of the tribe was slain, and the slayer was prosecuted for his blood; whereupon a company of the chief men [of the family of the slayer] collected themselves together to the heirs [who claimed satisfaction for the blood] of the slain, and offered the bloodwit, asking forgiveness for the blood; and if the heir [who claimed satisfaction and who acted for himself and his coheirs] was a strong man, impatient of injury, he refused to take the bloodwit; but if weak, he consulted the people of his tribe, and then said to the petitioners, “We have, between us and our Creator, a sign denoting command and prohibition: we take an arrow, and set it on a bow, and shoot it towards the sky; and if it return to us smeared with blood, we are forbidden to take the bloodwit, and are not content save with the retaliation of slaughter; but if it return clean, as it went up, we are commanded to take the bloodwit: ” so they made reconciliation; for this arrow never returned otherwise than clean; and thus they had an excuse in the opinion of the ignorant of them. (L, TA.) A poet (S, O, TA) of the family of the slain, said by some to be of Hudheyl, by IB to be El-As'ar El-Joafee, who was absent from this reconciliation, (TA,) says, عَقُّوا بِسَهْمٍ ثُمَّ قَالُوا صَالِحُوا يَا لَيْتَنِى فِى القَوْمِ إِذْ مَسَحُوا الِلُّحَى

[They shot an arrow towards the sky; them they said, “Make ye reconciliation: ” would that I were among the party when they stroked the beards]: (S, O, TA:) or, as some relate it, the first word is عَقَّوْا, with fet-h to the ق; which belongs to the class of unsound verbs [i. e. to art. عقى]. (S, O.) b5: One says also, عَقَّ وَالِدَهُ, (S, O, K,) or أَبَاهُ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. عُقُوقٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and مَعَقَّةٌ (S, O, K) and عَقٌّ, (TA,) He was undutiful, disobedient, refractory, or ill-mannered, to his parent, or father; contr. of بَرَّهُ; (K;) he broke his compact of obedience to his parent, or father; (TA;) he disobeyed his father; and failed, or neglected, to behave to him in a good, or comely, manner. (Msb.) And عَقَّ الرَّحِمَ, (TA, and Ham p. 93,) like قَطَعَهَا [i. e. He severed the tie, or ties, of relationship, by unkind behaviour to his kindred]. (Ham ib.) and عَقَّ [alone], aor. ـُ inf. n. عُقُوقٌ, [He was undutiful, &c.; or he acted undutifully, &c.; or] he contravened, or opposed, him whom he was under an obligation to obey. (Har p. 158.) عُقُوقُ الوَالِدَيْنِ [Undutiful treatment, &c., of the two parents] is said in a trad. to be one of the great sins. (O.) And it is said in a prov., العُقُوقُ

أَحَدُ الثُّكْلَيْنِ [Undutiful treatment of a parent is one of the two sorts of being bereft of a child]: or, as some relate it, العُقُوقُ ثُكْلُ مَنْ لَمْ يَثْكَلْ [Undutiful treatment of a parent is (like) the bereavement of him who is not (really) bereft of his child]: i. e. he whom his children have treated undutifully (مِنْ عَقَّهُ وَلَدُهُ) is as though he were bereft of his children although they are living. (O.) [See also 3: and 4.] b6: Hence, from عُقُوقُ الوَالِدَيْنِ, the verb is metaphorically used in the saying, in a trad., مَثَلُكُمْ وَمَثَلُ عَائِشَةَ مَثَلُ العَيْنِ فِى الرَّأْسِ تُؤْذِى صَاحِبَهَا وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَعُقَّهَا إِلَّا بِالَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهَا (tropical:) [The similitude of you and of 'Áïsheh is that of the eye in the head, when it hurts its owner, and he cannot treat it severely save with that which is good for it: app. meaning that her severity was for the good of the objects thereof]. (TA.) A2: عَقَّ, intrans., said of lightning: see 7.

A3: عَقَّتْ said of a mare, and of an ass: see 4.

A4: عَقَّتِ الدَّلْوُ, inf. n. عَقُّ, means The bucket came up full from the well; and some of the Arabs say عَقَّت as having تَعْقِيَةٌ for its inf. n.; but it is [said to be] originally ↓ عَقَّقَت, the third ق being changed into ى, [which is then in this case suppressed,] like as they said تَظَنَّيْتُ from الظَّنُّ: [it is, however, mentioned in the TA in art. عقو also, and there expl. as meaning it rose in the well turning round: and from what here follows, it appears to mean it rose swiftly, cleaving the air:] a poet, cited by IAar, says, of a bucket, عَقَّتْ كَمَا عَقَّتْ دَلُوفُ العِقْبَانٌ meaning It clave [the air of] the well, rising swiftly, like the hastening of the swift eagle in its flight towards the prey. (TA in the present art.) 2 عَقَّّ see above, last sentence.3 عَاقَقْتُ فُلَانًا, aor. ـَ inf. n. عِقَاقٌ, I contravened, or opposed, such a one. (TA.) [See also عَقَّ وَالِدَهُ, in the latter half of the first paragraph.]4 اعقّ فُلَانٌ i. q. جَآءَ بِالعُقُوقِ [i. e. Such a one did that which was an act of undutifulness, disobedience, refractoriness, or ill manners, to his father or the like]. (S, TA.) [See also عَقَّ وَالِدَهُ, in the latter half of the first paragraph.] b2: and you say, مَا أَعَقَّهُ لِوَالِدِهِ [How undutiful, disobedient, refractory, or ill-mannered, is he to his father!]. (TA.) A2: اعقّت She (a mare, S, O, K, and an ass, TA) conceived, or became pregnant; (S, O, K;) or she did not conceive, or become pregnant, after having been covered by the stallion, or during a year or two years or some years; (K;) and ↓ عَقَّتْ, aor. ـِ (O, K, TA,) the verb being of the class of ضَرَبَ, (TA,) inf. n. عَقَاقٌ and عَقَقٌ (O, K, TA) and عُقُوقٌ, (CK, but not in other copies,) signifies the same, (O, * K, TA,) said of a mare, (O, K,) and of an ass; (O;) or عَقَاقٌ signifies pregnancy itself, as also عِقَاقٌ, (K,) and عَقَقٌ; (S, O;) or عَقَّتْ signifies she became pregnant; and اعقّت, the [hair called] عَقِيقَة grew in her belly upon the young one that she bore. (TA.) b2: Also It (a palm-tree, and a grape-vine) put forth what are termed عِقَّان [q. v.]. (S, O, K.) A3: اعقّهُ He made it bitter; (S, O, K;) namely, water; said of God; like اقعّهُ. (S, O.) and اعقّت الأَرْضُ المَآءَ The earth made the water bitter. (TA.) 7 انعقّ It became cloven, split, slit, ripped, or rent; or it clave, split, &c.; said of anything; (S, O, K, TA;) mentioned by Th as said of a garment. (TA.) b2: انعقّت السَّحَابَهُ The cloud became rent with the water. (S, O, K.) See also 1, first quarter. [And see 8.] b3: انعقّ البَرْقُ and ↓ عَقَّ [of which latter the aor. is probably يَعَقُّ, and the inf. n. عَقَقٌ, said in the K to mean اِنْشِقَاقٌ,] signify تَشَقَّقَ and اِنْشَقَّ [as though meaning The lightning became cloven]; (TA;) [but] the former is expl. as signifying the lightning was, or became, in a state of commotion (تَضَرَّبَ) in the clouds. (S, O.) [Another meaning is suggested by an explanation of عَقِيقَةٌ (q. v.) in relation to lightning.] b4: انعقّ الغُبَارُ i. q. سَطَعَ [app. as meaning The dust spread, or diffused itself]: (IF, O, K:) or اِنْشَقَّ وَسَطَعَ [became cleft, and diffused itself]. (TA.) b5: انعقّ الوَادِى The valley was, or became, deep. (TA.) A2: انعقّت العُقْدَةُ The knot became strongly, or firmly, tied. (O, * K, * TA.) 8 اعتقّ السَّحَابُ The clouds became rent, (K, TA,) and their water poured forth. (TA.) See also 1, first quarter. [And see 7.]

A2: اعتقّ السَّيْفَ He drew the sword (O, K) from its scabbard. (O.) A3: And اعتقّ [probably from عَقَّ بِالسَّهْمِ, q. v.,] He exceeded the due bounds, or was immoderate, in excusing himself. (TA.) R. Q. 1 عَقْعَقَ بِصَوْتِهِ, (O, TA,) inf. n. عَقْعَقَةٌ, (S, O,) said of the عَقْعَق [or magpie], It uttered a [kind of chattering] cry, (S, * O, TA,) resembling the sound of ع and ق [or the repeated sound of عَقْ]; (O, TA;) whence its name: and said of a bird [that utters a cry of this kind] when it comes and goes. (TA.) b2: And عَقْعَقَةٌ signifies also The shaking, or being in a state of commotion, [so as to produce a kind of crackling, or rustling, sound,] of paper, and of a new garment; like قَعْقَعَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) عَقٌّ Any cleft, or furrow, and any hole, in sand &c. (S, TA.) See also عَقَّةٌ.

A2: Also i. q. عَاقٌّ, q. v. (O, K.) A3: مَآءٌ عَقٌّ: see عُقٌّ.

مَآءٌ عُقٌّ, with damm, (K, TA,) or ↓ عَقٌّ, (thus written in my copies of the S and in the O,) and ↓ عُقَاقٌ, (O, K, TA,) Bitter water: (S, O, K:) or intensely bitter water: used alike as sing. and pl.: (TA:) like قُعٌّ, (TA,) or قَعٌّ, (S, O,) and قُعَاعٌ. (O, TA.) عِقٌّ: see what next follows.

عَقَّةٌ A deep excavation, hollow, cavity, trench, or the like, in the ground; (K, TA;) as also ↓ عِقٌّ, accord. to the K, there said to be with kesr, but correctly ↓ عَقٌّ, with fet-h, [q. v.,] which signifies an elongated excavation in the ground, and is originally an inf. n.; thus in the L. (TA.) b2: And A blaze of lightning extending in an elongated form in the sky, (IDrd, O, K,) or in the side of the clouds, (A, TA,) and said to be as though it were a drawn sword. (TA.) [See also عَقِيقَةٌ.]

عُقَّةٌ A certain thing with which boys play. (L, K, TA.) عِقَّةٌ: see عَقِيقَةٌ, in the former half.

عَقَقٌ: see عَقَاقٌ. b2: It is said in the K to be syn. with عَاقٌّ; but in this sense the correct word is عُقَقٌ. (TA.) عُقَقٌ: see عُقِيقَةٌ, latter half: A2: and see also عَاقٌّ, in two places.

عُقُقٌ, as a sing. and as a pl.: see عَاقٌّ.

عَقَاقٌ is an inf. n. of عَقَّتْ said of a mare (O, K) and of an ass: (O:) or it signifies Pregnancy (AA, S, K) itself; (K;) as also ↓ عِقَاقٌ, (K,) and ↓ عَقَقٌ [which is likewise said to be an inf. n. of عَقَّتْ]. (S.) You say, أَظْهَرَتِ الأَتَانُ عَقَاقًا The she-ass manifested pregnancy. (AA, S, O.) b2: And, accord. to Esh-Shafi'ee, An embryo; or a fœtus. (TA.) A2: عَقَاقِ, like قَطَامِ, [indecl.,] is a [proper] name for العُقُوقُ [Undutifulness, disobedience, refractoriness, or ill manners, to a parent, or the like]: (K, TA:) mentioned by IB, and in the O. (TA.) عُقَاقٌ, applied to water: see عُقٌّ.

عِقَاقٌ: see عَقَاقٌ.

عَقُوقٌ, applied to a mare, (S, O, K, TA,) and to an ass, (TA,) Pregnant: (S, O, K:) or not pregnant after having been covered by the stallion, or during a year or two years or some years; (K;) or it signifies thus also; (O;) having two contr. meanings; (K;) or it is applied to one in the latter state as implying a presage of good; (O, K;) so says AHát; (O, TA;) i. e., as though they meant that she would become pregnant: (TA:) it is extr.; [as being from أَعَقَّتْ;] and one should not say ↓ مُعِقٌّ; or this is a bad dial. var.; (S, O, K;) or, accord. to AA, it is from اعقّت, and عَقُوقٌ is from عَقَّتْ: (TA:) the pl. is عُقُقٌ, and عِقَاقٌ is a pl. pl., (S, O, K,) i. e. pl. of عُقُقٌ. (S, O.) It is said in a prov., طَلَبَ الأَبْلَقَ العَقُوقَ, meaning He sought an impossible thing; because ابلق is applied to a male, and عقوق means pregnant: (S, O, and K in art. بلق) or الابلق العقوق means the dawn, because it breaks, lit, cleaves. (O, and K in art. بلق.) b2: نَوَى

العَقُوقِ means Date-stones that are easily broken, (Lth, S, O, K,) soft to be chewed; (Lth, O, K;) which are given as provender to camels, (S,) or to the pregnant thereof, in consideration of her state, wherefore they are thus called; and which are eaten, or chewed, by the old woman; but this is of the speech of the people of El Basrah, and not known by the Arabs in their desert: (Lth, O:) and sometimes they called a single date-stone of this sort ↓ عَقِيقَةٌ. (S.) A2: See also عَاقٌّ.

عَقِيقٌ Cleft, split, slit, ripped, or rent; and cut; as also ↓ مَعْقُوقٌ. (TA.) b2: And [hence] Any channel which the water of a torrent has cloven (S, O, Msb, * K) of old (Msb) and made wide: (S, O:) and a valley: (O, K:) pl. أَعِقَّةٌ (S, O, Msb, K, TA) and عَقَائِقُ. (TA.) And عَقَائِقُ signifies also Pools of water in cleft furrows: (AHn, TA:) and some say, red sands. (TA.) b3: See also عَقِيقَةٌ, in two places.

A2: Also [Carnelian;] a species of فُصُوص [or stones that are set in rings]; (S;) a sort of stone, (Msb,) or red خَرَز [meaning precious stones], (O, K,) of which فُصُوص are made; (O, Msb;) existing in ElYemen, (K, TA,) near to Esh-Shihr, said by Et-Teefáshee to be brought from mines thereof at San'à, (TA,) and on the shores of the Sea of Roomeeyeh; one kind thereof is of a turbid appearance, like water running from salted flesh-meat, and having in it faint white lines, (K, TA,) and this, Et-Teefáshee says, is what is known by the appellation الرطبى [so in my original]; the best kind is the red; then, the yellow; then, the white; and the other kinds are bad: or, as some say, the streaked (المُشَطَّب) is the best: (TA:) [I omit some absurd assertions in the K and TA respecting various virtues supposed to be possessed by this stone:] the n. un. is with ة: and the pl. is عَقَائِقُ. (O, K.) [العَقِيقُ اليَمَانِىُّ is an appel-lation applied by some to The agate.]

عَقِيقَةٌ [a subst. from عَقِيقٌ, made so by the affix ة. Hence, because cleft, or furrowed, in the earth,] A river, or rivulet. (IAar, O, K.) b2: And A fillet, or bandage, (عِصَابَةٌ,) at the time of its being rent from a garment, or piece of cloth. (IAar, O, K.) b3: And The prepuce of a boy (AO, IAar, O, K) when he is circumcised. (TA.) b4: And [app. because made of cut pieces of skin,] A [leathern water-bag such as is commonly called]

مَزَادَة. (IAar, O, K.) b5: Also The wool of a جَذَع [or sheep in or before its second year]: (S, O, K, TA:) that of a ثَنِىّ [or sheep in its third year] is called جَنِيبَةٌ: (TA:) and the hair of a young one recently born, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) that comes forth upon his head in his mother's belly, (TA,) of human beings, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) because it is cut off on his seventh day, (Mgh,) and of others, (Msb,) [i. e.] of beasts likewise; (S, O, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَقِيقٌ and ↓ عِقَّةٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) but A 'Obeyd says that he had not heard this last except in relation to human beings and asses: (S, O, K: *) its pl. (i. e. the pl. of عِقَّةٌ) is عِقَقٌ: (O, K:) [the pl. of عَقِيقَةٌ and عَقِيقٌ is عَقَائِقُ: a law of the Sunneh requires that the عَقِيقَة of an infant should be weighed, and its weight in silver be given to the poor: (and Herodotus, in ii. 65, mentions a similar custom as obtaining among the Ancient Egyptians:)] when the hair has once fallen from the young [by its being cut], the term عَقِيقَةٌ ceases to be applied to it: so says Lth: (O, TA:) but it occurs in a trad. applied to hair as being likened to the hair of a recently-born infant. (TA.) b6: Hence, (S, O,) it is applied also to The sheep, or goat, [generally the latter,] that is slaughtered (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) as a sacrifice for the recentlyborn infant (S, Mgh, Msb) on the occasion of the shaving of the infant's hair (O, K) on the seventh day after his birth, (S, Msb,) and of which the limbs are divided, and cooked with water and salt, and given as food to the poor: (Lth, TA:) Z holds it to be thus called from the same word as applied to the hair: but it is said [by some] to be so called because it is slaughtered by cutting the windpipe and gullet and the two external jugular veins: (TA:) the Prophet disallowed this appellation, (Mgh, Msb,) as being of evil omen, (Mgh,) or as though he saw them to regard it as of evil omen, (Msb,) and desired them to use نَسِيكَةٌ in its stead; (Mgh, Msb, TA;) saying I like not العُقُوق. (TA.) b7: عَقِيقَةُ البَرْقِ signifies What remains [for an instant] in the clouds, of the rays, or beams, of lightning; (Lth, O, K;) as also ↓ العُقَقُ; (K;) which, as well as العَقِيقَةُ, is also expl. as meaning lightning which one sees in the midst of the clouds, resembling a drawn sword: (TA:) or عَقِيقَةُ البَرْقِ signifies lightning in a state of commotion in the clouds: (S, O:) or lightning extending in an elongated form in the side, or breadth, of the clouds: (TA:) or lightning that cleaves the clouds, and extends high, into the midst of the sky, without going to the right and left: (S in art. خفو:) or, as expl. by Aboo-Sa'eed, a flash of lightning that has spread in the horizon: (O, voce شَقِيقَةٌ:) a sword is likened thereto: (S, O, K:) and [the pl.] عَقَائِقُ is a name for swords: (O, K:) ↓ عَقِيقٌ, also, signifies lightning. (TA.) b8: And عَقِيقَةٌ signifies also An arrow shot towards the sky; (S, O, K;) the arrow of self-excuse; which was used in the manner described in the explanation of the phrase عَقَّ بِالسَّهْمِ [q. v.]. (S, O.) b9: See also عَقُوقٌ, last signification.

سَحَابَةٌ عَقَّاقَةٌ A cloud pouring forth its water: (TA:) or a cloud much rent by water. (T, TA voce هَيْدَبٌ.) عِقَّانٌ Shoots that come forth from the أُصُول [meaning trunks, or stems,] of palm-trees and of grape-vines; (S, O, K;) and which, if not cut off, cause the اصول to become vitiated, or unsound. (S, O.) [See also صُنْبُورٌ: and see عَوَاقٌّ, below.]

عَقْعَقٌ [The magpie, corvus pica; so called in the present day;] a certain bird, (S, O, Msb, K,) well known, (S, O,) of the size of the pigeon, (Msb,) party-coloured, black and white, (O, Msb, K,) having a long tail, (O, Msb,) said by Is-hák El-Mowsilee to be the same that is called شَجَجَى, (Th, IB, TA,) a species of crow, (IAth, Msb, TA,) wherefore it is said in a trad. that the man in the state of إِحْرَام may kill it; (IAth, TA;) its cry resembles the sound of ع and ق [or the repeated sound of عَقْ]; (O, K;) and the Arabs regard it as an evil omen. (Msb.) [See also صُرَدٌ.]

عَاقٌّ Undutiful, disobedient, refractory, or illmannered, to his parent, or father; (S, * O, * K;) breaking, or one who breaks, his compact of obedience to his parent, or father; (TA;) disobeying, or disobedient to, his father; and failing, or neglecting, to behave to him in a good, or comely, manner; (Msb;) [and severing, or one who severs, the tie, or ties, of relationship, by unkind behaviour to his kindred; (see its verb;)] and ↓ عَقٌّ signifies the same; (O, K;) as also ↓ عُقَقٌ, (S, O, TA,) but in an intensive sense, altered from عَاقٌّ, like غُدَر and فُسَق from غَادِر and فَاسِق, in the K erroneously said to be عَقَقٌ; (TA;) and ↓ عُقُقٌ; (L, and TA as from the K, but not in my MS. copy of the K nor in the CK;) which last signifies also [as a pl.] men severing, or who sever, the ties of relationship, by unkind behaviour to their kindred; and also remote, or distant, enemies: (TA:) [and ↓ عَقُوقٌ is app. used (as Freytag asserts it to be) in the sense of عَاقٌّ in the Fákihet el-Khulatà, p. 55, 1. 7 from the bottom:] the pl. of عَاقٌّ is عَقَقَةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) like كَفَرَةٌ, (S,) and عُقَّقٌ, like رُكَّعٌ, a form used by Ru-beh, (O,) and أَعِقَّةٌ, which is an extr. [meaning anomalous] pl. (Ham p. 93.) ↓ ذُقٌ عُقَقُ, (S, O,) in a trad., (S,) said by Aboo-Sufyán to Hamzeh on the day of Ohod, when he passed by him slain, (S, * O,) means ذُقٌ جَزَآءَ فِعْلِكَ [Taste thou the recompense of thy deed], (S,) or ذُقِ القَتْلَ [taste thou slaughter], (O,) يَا عَاقُّ [O undutiful, &c.; or, accord. to the explanation in the TA mentioned above, عُقَقُ, for يَا عُقَقُ, means O very undutiful, &c.]. (S, O.) عَوَاقُّ النَّخْلِ The shoots, or offsets, of the palmtrees, that grow forth therewith. (O, K.) [See also عِقَّانٌ.]

أَعَقُّ مِنْ ضَبٍّ [More undutiful, &c., to kindred, than a lizard of the species called ضبّ] is a prov. [mentioned, but not expl., in the O]: IAar says, the female [of the ضبّ] is meant; and its عُقُوق consists in its eating its young ones. (TA.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 152-3. And see an ex. of أَعَقُّ in a verse cited in art. زهد, conj. 2.]

مُعِقٌّ: see عَقُوقٌ.

مَعْقُوقٌ: see عَقِيقٌ, first sentence.