ضفو

1 ضَفَا, aor. ـْ (S, Msb,) inf. n. ضَفْوٌ (S, Msb, K) and ضَفُوٌّ, (Msb,) It (a thing, S, and a garment, S, Msb) was, or became, complete, full, ample, or without deficiency. (S, Msb, K. *) b2: And It was, or became, much in quantity; (S, K, * TA;) said of property, or property consisting in cattle, (S, TA,) and of hair, and of wool. (TA.) [Hence,] one says, ضَفَتْ عَلَيْهِ النِّعْمَةُ, i. q. رَفَّتْ [i. e. Wealth became abundantly bestowed upon him]. (M in art. رف.) And ضَفَا العَيْشُ, meaning اِتَّسَعَ [i. e. The means of subsistence became ample]. (Msb.) b3: And ضَفَا الحَوْضُ, (TA,) inf. n. ضَفْوٌ, (K, TA,) The watering-trough overflowed (K, * TA) by reason of its fulness. (TA.) A2: ضَفِىَ He (a man) became poor: mentioned by Az in art. ضيق. (TA.) ضَفًا A side: and ضَفَوَاهُ his, or its, two sides. (K.) [ضَفَّةٌ and ضِفَّةٌ, also, have a similar meaning.]

ضَفْوٌ [an inf. n. of 1, q. v.: and as a simple subst.,] Wealth, or prosperity, and ampleness [of circumstances]. (TA.) [See also what next follows.]

ضَفْوَةُ العَيْشِ An easy and a plentiful state, or condition, of life. (K, TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ فِى

ضَفْوَةٍ مِنْ عَيْشِهِ [Such a one is in an easy and a plentiful state, or condition, in respect of his means of subsistence]. (S.) ثَوْبٌ ضَافٍ A garment that is complete, full, ample, or without deficiency. (S, Msb, K. *) and فَرَسٌ ضَافِى السَّبِيب A horse full, or ample, in the سبيب [or hair of the forelock or of the mane or of the tail]. (TA.) And رَجُلٌ ضَافِى الرَّأْسِ A man having much hair of the head. (S.) And دِيمّةٌ ضَافيَةٌ A lasting, or continuous, or continuous and still, rain, in consequence of which the land becomes abundant with herbage. (TA.) And هُوَ ضَافِى

الفَضْلِ (tropical:) [He is abundant in excellence]. (TA.)

نو

ى1 نَوَاهُ and ↓ اِنْتَوَاهُ He intended it, purposed it, designed it, aimed at it, proposed it to himself as the object of his aim.8 اِنْتَوَى القَوْمُ مَنْزِلًا بِمَوْضِعِ كَذَا (S, Msb) The people, or party, repaired, or betook themselves, to, or towards, a place of alighting or abode, in such a place. (Msb.) See 1. b2: اِنْتَوَى It (a people, or company of men,) removed from country to country, or town to town. (TA.) نَوًى Date-stones: they are often used as food for camels; (see إِبِلٌ نَوَوِيَّةٌ;) and for this purpose are bruised, and sometimes mixed with barley, and then moistened: see بَسِيسَةٌ. b2: نَوَاةٌ What is cut off in the circumcision of a girl. (Lh, in TA, voce عُذْرَةٌ.) The name shows that this is the prepuce of the clitoris, the end of which resembles the end of a date-stone. But see بَظْرٌ. b3: النَّوَى What remains of the place of circumcision of a girl after that operation; i. e. the بَظْر: (M:) or the place of circumcision of a girl, which is what remains of her بَظْر when the مُتْك has been cut off. (T.) b4: نَوًى Pieces of gold, each of the weight of five dirhems. (TA in art. جب.) b5: نَوًى The tract, or region towards which one goes (S) in journeying, whether near or distant; (S;) the place that is the object of a journey: (El-Kálee, TA:) [a traveller's destination:] the course, or direction, that one pursues (K, TA) in journeying and in acting or conduct: (TA:) see an ex. voce صَرْفٌ (third sentence), and عَقَرَ. It is of the fem. gender. (S.) See an ex. in some verses cited voce بَيْنٌ.

نِىٌّ and نَىٌّ: see art. نيأ.

نِيَّةٌ An intention, an intent, a purpose, a design, an aim; a determination of the mind, or heart: (Msb, TA:) this is the general meaning: (Msb:) the direction that one takes (S, Msb, K) in a journey, (S, K,) near or distant, (S,) and in an action: (K:) the thing that one intends, or purposes, or aims at: an affair: (Msb:) the place to which one purposes journeying: (S in art. زل:) see an ex. from a rájiz in art. زل, first paragraph: the thing, or place, that one proposes to himself as the object of his aim, in an action, or a journey: or the thing, or place, that is the object of an action or journey: see طِيَّةٌ and شُلَّةٌ. b2: نِيَّةٌ نَقَحٌ i. q. طَرَحٌ and ضرحٌ, &c. (O, art. ضرح.) b3: نِيَّةٌ بَعِيدَةٌ: see بَعيدٌ, where the ة of the latter word has been accidentally omitted. It also often (or generally) means A distant, or remote, thing, or place, that is the object of an action or journey: &c.

أَنَامُنْتَوٍ عَنْ هَذَا الأَمْرِ I. q. مَتَرَيِّعٌ, q. v. (TA in art. ريع.)

حيل

1 حَالَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حُيُولٌ It became altered, or changed: (K:) a dial. var. of حال, aor. ـُ inf. n. حُؤُولٌ. (TA.) b2: حال المَآءُ, aor. as above, The water remained, or stagnated, and collected; or remained long, and became altered; or became yellow and altered; in the bottom of a valley. (TA.) 4 مَا أَحْيَلَهُ a dial. var. of ما أَحْوَلَهُ. (Fr, S.) See 4 (last sentence) in art. حول.5 تحيّل: see 8 in art. حول.

حَيْلِ حَيْلِ A cry with which goats are chidden. (K.) حَيْلٌ Water that remains, or stagnates, and collects, or that remains long, and becomes altered, or that becomes yellow and altered, in the bottom of a valley: pl. [of pauc.] أَحْيَالٌ and [of mult.]

حُيُولٌ. (K.) A2: Also a subst. from الاِحْتِيَالُ; (S, K;) and so ↓ حِيلَةٌ, with kesr; (S;) or ↓ حَيْلَةٌ [perhaps a mistake for حِيلَةٌ]; (K;) and ↓ مَحَالَةٌ, and ↓ مَحَالٌ. (Az, S.) [See حِيلَةٌ in art. حول.) b2: Strength, power, might, or force; syn. قُوَّةٌ; as also حَوْلٌ; (TA;) of which it is a dial. var. (S, Msb.) So in the saying, لَا حَيْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللّٰهِ. (S, * Msb, TA. [See حَوْلٌ.]) So, too, in the phrase, in a form of prayer, اَللّٰهُمَّ ذَا الحَيْلِ الشَّدِيدِ [O God, Possessor of great might]: perverted by the relaters of traditions into ذا الحَبْلِ, with ب. (TA.) If it be a contraction of حَيّلٌ, originally حَيْوِلٌ, its proper place is art. حول: otherwise, this is its proper place. (TA.) حَيْلَةٌ A large number of goats: (S:) or a herd of goats: and a flock of sheep. (K.) b2: Stones rolled down from the side of a mountain to its bottom until they become many: (K:) or an overhanging mass of rock that falls down from the head of a mountain to its bottom. (Abu-l-Mekárim, O.) A2: See also حَيْلٌ.

حِيلَةٌ: see حَيْلٌ, above; and see art. حول.

حِيَلِىٌّ: see its syn. حُوَّلٌ, in art. حول.

حَيْلُولَةٌ an inf. n. of حَالَ, [aor. ـُ (Mgh and Msb in art. حول,) like كَيْنُونَةٌ [&c.]. (Mgh in that art. [See 1 in that art.]) حِيَالٌ; and حِيَالَهُ and بِحِيَالِهِ: and عَلَى حِيَالِهِ: see art. حول.

حَيِّلٌ: see 4 in art. حول, in the latter half of the paragraph.

حَيَّالٌ: see its syn. حُوَّلٌ, in art. حول.

أَحْيَلُ: see art. حول.

مَحَالٌ: see حَيْلٌ, above; and see حِيلَةٌ in مَحَالَةٌ: art. حول.

قيس

1 قاس الشَىْءَ بِغَيْرِهِ, and عَلَى غَيْرِهِ, (S, A, * Msb, * K *; the first and last in this art. and in art. قوس;) and إِلَى غَيْرِهِ, (A, TA,) aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. قَيْسٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and قِيَاسٌ, (S, A, K,) [which latter is the more common,] He measured the thing (S, A, Msb. K) by another thing (S, Msb, K) like it; (S, K;) [both in the proper sense and mentally; often meaning he compared the thing with another thing;] as also قَاسَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَوْسٌ (S, Msb, K; the first and last in art. قوس;) and قِيَاسٌ; (S;) [the latter of which verbs, though the less common, is, accord. to the JK, the original;] and so ↓ اقتاسهُ; (A, K;) and ↓ قيّسهُ; (TA;) and so بِهِ ↓ قايسهُ, (Msb,) and إِلَيْهِ, (TA,) inf. n. مُقَايَسَةٌ and قِيَاسٌ: (Msb:) the first of these verbs is said to be trans. by means of على because implying the meaning of founding [a thing upon another thing]; and by means of الى because implying the meaning of adjoining or conjoining and collecting [a thing to another thing]. (MF.) You say, قَاسَهُ بِالْمِقْيَاسِ [He measured it with the measure]. (A.) and قَاسَ الطَّبِيبُ قَعْرَ الجِرَاحَةِ, (TA,) and قَاسَ الشَّحَّةَ, (A,) inf. n. قَيْسٌ, (TA,) The physician measured the depth of the wound, (TA,) and the depth of the wound in the head, (A,) بِالْمِقْيَاسِ with the probe. (A, TA.) And جَارِيَةٌ تَخْطُو قَيْسًا (tropical:) A damsel that steps with even, or equal, steps: (A:) or قَيْسًا signifies with measured steps, at a moderate and just pace, as though with equal steps: (IAth:) or قَيْسٌ signifies the walking with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side. (K.) And فُلَانٌ يَأْتِى بِمَا يَأْتِى قَيْسًا (tropical:) [Such a one does what he does, or says what he says, by measure, or by rule]. (A.) b2: [Hence, (assumed tropical:) He determined, or judged of, the thing by comparing it with another thing; i. e., by analogy: and he compared the thing with another thing. and قَاسَ عَلَيْهِ He judged by comparison therewith. And He copied it as a model.]2 قَيَّسَ see 1.3 قايسهُ بِهِ, and إلَيْهِ: see 1. You say, قَبَحَ اللّٰهُ قَوْمًا يُسَوِّدُونَكَ وَيُقَايِسُونَ بِرَأْيِكَ [May God remove far from prosperity a people who make thee lord, or chief, and who measure things by thy judgment, or by thine opinion]. (A, TA.) b2: قَايَسْتُ بَيْنَ الأَمْرَيْنِ, (S, K,) or الشَّيْئَيْنِ, (A,) inf. n. مُقَايَسَةٌ and قِيَاسٌ, (S,) I measured, or compared, the two things, or cases, together; syn. قَدَّرْتُ, (K,) or قَادَرْتُ بِيْنَهُمَا. (L.) b3: قَايَسْتُهُ, (K,) i. e., قَايَسْتُ فُلَانًا, (S,) i. q. جَارَيْتُهُ فِى القِيَاسِ [I vied, or contended, with him, namely, such a one, in measuring, or comparing; app. meaning, in measuring, or comparing, myself, or my abilities, with him, or his: see قَادَرْتُهُ]. b4: [This verb is mentioned in the S in art. قوس.]6 تقايس القَوْمُ The people mentioned [and app. compared] their several wants (مَآرِبَهُمْ [but I think it probable that this is a mistranscription for مَآثِرَهُمْ their generous qualities or the like]). (TA.) 7 انقاس It was, or became, measured by another thing like it. (S, in art. قوس; and K, in the present art.) b2: (assumed tropical:) [It was, or became, determined, or judged of, by comparison, or analogy.] You say, هٰذِهِ مَسْئَلَةٌ لَا تَنْقَاسُ (assumed tropical:) [This is a question not to be determined, or judged of, by comparison, or analogy]. (A, TA.) 8 إِقْتَيَسَ see 1. b2: هُوَ يَقْتَاسُ بِأَبِيهِ He follows the way of his father, and imitates him. (S, K, in art. قوس; and mentioned in the K in the present art. also.) The medial radical is both و and ى. (K.) قَاسُ رُمْحٍ: see قِيسُ رُمْحٍ.

بَيْنَهُمَا قِيسُ رُمْحٍ (S, A, K *) and رُمْحٍ ↓ قَاسُ (S, K) Between them two is the measure of a spear: (S, K: *) like قِيدُ رُمْحٍ (TA) [and قَادُ رُمْحٍ]. And هٰذِهِ الخَشَبَةُ قِيسُ إِصْيَعٍ This piece of wood is of the measure of a finger. (A, * TA.) [Both are said in the A to be tropical; but wherefore, 1 see not.]

قِيَاسٌ: see 1 and 3. b2: [Used as a simple subst., Measurement. b3: Comparison. b4: Ratiocination. b5: The premises of a syllogism, taken together: and also applied to a syllogism entire. b6: Analogy: rule. You say, هٰذَا عَلَى القِيَاسِ This is according to analogy, or to rule. And هٰذَا عَلَى غَيْرِ قيَاسٍ This is contrary to analogy, or to rule. And عَلَى قِيَاسِ كَذَا After the manner of such a thing.]

قِيَاسِىٌّ Mensural. b2: Comparative. b3: Ratiocinative. b4: Relating, or belonging, to the premises of a syllogism: and also, syllogistic. b5: Analogous; regular: as also ↓ مَقِيسٌ, improperly written by some European scholars مُقَيَّسٌ.]

قَيَّاسٌ A man who practises قِيَاس [i. e. measurement, or comparison, &c.,] much, or often. (TA.) A2: Also, i. q. قَوَّاسٌ, q. v. (TA.) قَائِسٌ act. part. n. of 1. b2: One who measures the depth of a wound in the head [&c.] with a probe. (TA.) مَقِيسٌ pass. part. n. of 1. You say, هُوَ مَقِيسٌ عَلَيْهِ [and بِهِ, meaning, He, or it, is a person, or thing, whereby others are measured; to which others are compared; an object of imitation; a model, an exemplar, or a standard]. (A, TA.) b2: See also قِيَاسِىٌّ.

مِقْيَاسٌ A measure, or thing with which anything is measured; syn. مِقْدَارٌ: (S, Msb, K:) pl. مَقَايِيسُ. (A.) You say, قَاسَهُ بِالْمِقْيَاسِ [He measured it with the measuring-instrument]. (A.) And قَصُرَ مِقْيَاسُكَ فِى مِقْيَاسِى Thy measure (مِثَالُكَ) fell short of my measure. (TA.) b2: A probe with which the depth of a wound is measured. (A, TA.) b3: مِقْيَاسُ النِّيلِ The Nilometer. (TA.)

قيس: قيس على: (بوشر).
قاس: جرب الشيء ليرى إذا كان على قده، يقال: قاس الثوب وقاس الحذاء. (الكالا).
قاس: تدربن وبخاصة تدرب على استعمال السلاح في المبارزة والقتال. (الكالا).
قاس: سبر، حج الجرح، قدر غوره. (ففي كتاب العقود (ص5): أصيب رجل بجرح في رأسه فقاسه الحكيم وإذ هو قد بلغ العظم.
قاس: حكم في خلاف، فصل في أمر بوصفه حكما. (الكالا).
قاس: صوب، سدد نحو الــهدف. (بوشر، ودلأبورت ص141).
قاس: رش الماء، صب الماء. (دوماس حياة العرب ص484).
قيس: مسح الأرض، قدر مساحتها. (هلة).
قايس: قارن بشيء آخر، ووازن بينهما.
ويقال: قايس له أو قايس ب (فوك).
أقيس، قارن، وازن. ويقال: اقس مع (فوك).
قيس: والجمع اقياس: مقياس, ما سقاس به من أداة أو آلة. (فوك).
قيس: حوالي، زهاء، قرب نحو من تقريبا (فوك).
بقيس: بعده، في أثره، وراءه. (فوك).
قيسة. عود القيسة: انظرها في مادة عود. قياس وجمعه قياسات. (فوك بوشر، أبو الوليد ص 149، ص 407، المقدمة 3: 140) واقيسة (فوك المقدمة 2: 342).
قياس: استبدال، برهان، برهنة، تحقيق القول وإثباته بالبراهين. (بوشر، دي ساسي طرائف 1: 91).
قياس: استدلال جدلي، قياسي. (المقدمة 3: 140).
قياس: حجة، دليل، برهان. (بوشر).
قياس: استنتاج، ما يستنتج. (بوشر). قياس: فرضية، ظنية، رأى ما اثبت بعد. (بوشر).
بالقياس: بالحدس، بالتخمين، بالظن. (بوشر).
بتاع قياسات: صاحب منهج، صاحب نظرية، ذو فكر منهجي نظامي. (بوشر).
بالقياس إلى: بالنسبة إلى. (دي ساسي طرائف 2: 323).
بعيد عن القياس: محال، مستحيل، ما يضاد العقل والصواب، خلف (تاريخ البربر 2: 3).
قياس: قوة التمييز، قوة الإدراك والفهم التي تقارن وتحكم. (الكالا) وفيه (=عقل).
قياس: مقياس، ما تقاس به الكميات والأحجام. (فوك، الكالا، بوشر).
قياس: مقاس القدم الذي يأخذه الاسكاف. (دلابورت ص90).
بقياس: بحشمة، بهدوء، تمثيل. برصانة، بتعقل، بحكمة، باحتشام. (الكالا).
قياس: باع، طول ذراعين مقياس بحري يتراوح طوله بين متر ونصف ومترين.
(الكالا= قامة، معجم الأسبانية ص185).
قياس: بقياس، خط مقسم إلى درجات تدل على المسافات. (بوشر).
قياس: تسوية، تمهيد، توطئة، تعديل (بوشر).
بقياس: مساواة. على المستوى الأفقي. (الكالا).
قياس: آلة يعرف بها إذا ما كان السطح أفقيا أي في وضع أفقي. (بوشر).
قياس: تحكيم، وقرار يصدره حكم في موضوع خصومه. (الكالا).
قياس: مادة، موضع بحث. (الكالا).
قياس: تجربة ثوب جديد لمعرفة ملاءمته للجسم. أو عينة من شيء ما. كعينة من النبيذ للحكم عليه (الكالا).
قياس: تدريب على استعمال السلاح، تدريب على القتال. (الكالا).
قياس: غطاء (شرشف) الأريكة ذو أهداب (بوشر).
قياس: عند بعض العامة ضرب من الحصر دقيق القش محكم النسيج. (محيط المحيط).
قياس، والجمع قياسات: شرت. قشب، تقشر وورم من البرد. (بوشر).
علم القياس: فن ترسم وتصور به الأشياء بحسب رؤية العين، وهو قسم من علم البصريات (الكالا).
علم القياس: علم الهندسة. (همبرت ص92).
قياسة، والجمع قيايس: مركب شحن، صندل سفينة. (بوشر، مملوك 2، 2: 273). ويقول لايت (ص123) بالإنكليزية ما معناه: (وبدأت انحدر في النيل في قيش صغير أو مركب للنقل). صندل.
ويقول فيسكيه (ص60): كياسه قارب يستعمل للملاحة حين انحسار المياه، وهو قارب مسطح بطيء في سيره.
قياسي: جدلي، مختص بالجدل وهو القياس المنطقي. (بوشر).
قياسي: فرضي، افتراضي، ما كان بحسب قياس أو قاعدة. نسقي، منهجي. (بوشر).
قياس: مساح الأراضي. (فوك، بوشر).
قياس: ممهد، مسو، موطئ. أو الذي يقيس ويقدر بالفادن (بوشر).
أقيس: أكثر انسجاما مع القياس. (أبو الوليد ص161).
مقيس: حكم، وسيط. (الكالا).
مقيس: تحكيمي، وقرار الحكم. (الكالا).
مقيس: من يتدرب على الحرب، ومن يتدرب على استعمال الأسلحة. (الكالا).
مقياس، والجمع مقاييس: فرجار، بركار. (أماري ص18). ويقول رينو (جغرافية أبو الفدا ص67). في تعليقه على هذه العبارة: تطلق هذه الكلمة على ميل الزولة وهي الساعة الشمسية.
وهي مرادفة للكلمة اليونانية جنومون gnomon.
مقياس: مسبار، آلة لمعرفة عمق الماء. (فليشر معجم ص11).
مقياس الزمان: ميقت، آلة تعرف بها الأوقات (بوشر).
مقياس، والجمع مقاييس ومقايس: مثال، شبه، تماثل، تشابه. (الكامل ص112، المقري 1: 483، المقدمة 2: 349).
مقياس: هو في المغرب حلقة كبيرة من الذهب أو الفضة في شكل السوار تلبسها النساء في أرجلهن وأذرعهن. (الكالا، دومب ص82) وعند مارمول (2: 4): مكياز. وفيه (ص103): (وحليهن حبقات كبيرة من الذهب أو الفضة يسمينها مكايز). وهن لا يلبسن منها إلا حلقة واحدة في كل ذراع، وهذه الحلقات من الضخامة بحيث تزن الواحدة منها مائة دوكا (وهي نقد ذهبي قديم في البندقية) إن كانت من ذهب، وتزن عشرة دوكات أو اثني عشر دوكا إن كانت من فضة (هوست ص120). ويقول ميشيل (ص190): مكاييز حلقات كبيرة من الذهب حول كعب القدم (ص235): وعند بوسييه: مقياسة، والجمع مقياس ومقايس: سوار من العاج أو من المعدن. ففي كتاب العقود (ص4): وزوج الأساور وزوج المقياسة.
منقاس: قيس بالقامة وهي مقياس يساوي ستة أقدام. (بوشر).

نحو: نحو ونحى: وما نحا هذا النحو أي ما قصد قصده من الأقوال (عبد الواحد 13: 7): انح منه هذا النحو (كليلة ودمنة 4: 178): نحا منحى فلان: سار على طريقته (عباد 1: 429).
نحى (بالتشديد): تقال، في الأغلب، حين تعزل الماشية عن بعضها (لأن الكالا جعلها في مادة apartar ganado أي فصل الماشية عن بعضها. ولا أدري ما إذا كان المعجم اللاتيني العربي قد ذهب إلى هذا المعنى حين ذكر في مادة cogo) (compello ماشية) جملة احجز وأنحي وأعالج أما في مادة cogo فقد ذكر: أنجى واضطر -كذا-.
نحى: نزع حذائه (همبرت 21 الجزائر).
ناحى (على وزن فاعل): نحا، توجه، ذهب إلى se rendre vers لا سيما حين تكون هناك بعض مشاعر العداء للمتوجه إليه (معجم الجغرافيا).
أنحى: تفسر المعجمات العامية جملة أنحى فلان على فلان ضربا ب: أقبل وأنحى على فلان بالسيف والسوط ب: أقبل عليه وكذلك الأمر عند المقري (2: 28) ولما أنحى أصحابه على أصحاب الفهري بالقتل يوم هزيمتهم. إلا أن أنحى على فلان ذكره بالسوء (الكامل 14: 560): سمر ليلة عند زياد ومعه جماعة فذكر أمر الخوارج فأنحى عليهم غيلان. وفي (المقري 2: 413): كان كثير الأنحاء علي جالبا في المحافل ما يسوء إلي، أو أنها تعني: ألحف، أزعج، ضايق importuner, tourmenter ففي (حيان 74): حين ضايق السلطان سكان مدينة اكيجا: الذين تشيعوا لابن حفصون، طلبوا الأمان واعتذروا بإنحاء العدو ذي الشوكة (أي انهم كانوا مغلوبين على أمرهم أمام عدو غاشم هو ابن حفصون) وفي (ويجرز 1: 32) ويتعزى بإنحاء الزمن على الأحرار وفي (المقري 2: 177):
عاقه عن هزها منفردا ... نقرس أنحى عليه فاتكا
وفي (ابن الابار 184): أنحى على جسمي النحول.
تنحى مع: هي باللاتينية في (فوك) Sequestrare.
تناحى: توجه الواحد إلى الآخر (معجم الجغرافيا).
انتحى: توجه إلى (معجم البلاذري).
نحو. على نحو ما (كليلة ودمنة 140: 3. دي ساسي كرست 1: 267).
نحو: مثال (عبد الواحد 2: 183): ثم أخرج إلي من تحت برنسه مفتاحا على النحو الذي رأيت في المنام.
الأنحاء الموسيقية: المقامات الموسيقية (المقري 2: 338) (انظر ياقوت 4: 565).
أنحاء التعاليم: أقسام العلوم الرياضية (أبو الفرج 7: 316).
نحية. لنحية: مستقلا، منفصلا a'part ( فوك).
نحوي: النحو إعراب كلام العرب الذي هو بخلاف العامي (بوشر).
ناحية. كانت له ناحية من هاشم: قوبل بالترحاب من هاشم (محمد بن الحارث 307، رياض النفوس 47): وكانت له ناحية من السلطان.
ناحية: نية، قصد intention ( ابن الأثير 10: 405) فكان الونشريشي يعمد إلى الرجل الذي يخاف ناحيته.
ناحية: إقليم لا يرقى إلى مستوى الكورة، ولا يمكن، بسبب وضعه الجغرافي، أن يرتبط بما يجاوره (معجم الجغرافيا).
من ناحية أو في ناحية: بالقرب من (معجم الجغرافيا).
ناحية: حربة، رمح، انظر (ديوان الهذليين 80 البيت الخامس).
نواحية: ضاحية (هلو).
أنحى: أكثر علما بالنحو (المقري 1: 613 و19: 904).
منحى والجمع مناح: مرادف مقصد (ابن بطوطة 1: 11) ونقلت معاني كلام الشيخ إلى عبد الله بألفاظ موفية للمقاصد التي قصدها موضحة للمناحي التي اعتمدها (عباد 1: 51): وما زال متقدا في مناحيه وقد وجدت في مخطوطة باريس تفسيرا لكلمة مناح بأمها مقاصد (لم تفتر عزيمته في الوصول إلى أهدافه: وفي (الشرق 1: 403) أمن الله نواحيكم، ويمن مذاهبكم ومناحيكم. وكذلك تفسير كلمة منحى بأنها أسلوب في العمل أو التصرف مثل كلمة مذهب (ابن بطوطة 1: 236): لقد كان سكان القرى التابعة للشام كأهل الحاضرة في مناحيهم أي أن أساليبهم كأساليب أهل العاصمة (وفي المقدمة 1: 6): حيث يحدثنا المؤلف عن مؤلفه: واخترعته من بين المناحي مذهبا عجيبا وطريقة مبتدعة وأسلوبا وفي (المقدمة أيضا 2: 50): لأن العرب كان الكلام والبلاغة أقرب مناحيهم وأظهرها وفي (43: 10) (23: 10) من النسخة العربية، المطبعة الأزهرية 1930): ( .. وتلقوها هم أيضا كذلك من غير بحث ولا روية واندرجت في محفوظاتهم حتى صار فن التاريخ واهيا مختلطا وناظره مرتبكا وعد من مناحي العامة).
نحا منحى فلان: انظر بداية الكلام.
منحاة: حين تكون بمعنى مقام الساقية على الحوض والجمع مناح انظر (الكامل 12 و17: 422).

نحو

1 نَحَا نَحْوَهُ He went towards, or in the direction of, him or it. (Msb, TA.) b2: Also, He pursued his (another's) course, doing as he did; or purposed his purpose. b3: See عَرَضَ عَرْضَهُ, and شَدَا شَدْوَهُ; and see قَصْدَهُ. b4: نَحَاهُ, inf. n. نَحْوٌ, signifies [also] He purposed it, or intended it. (MA.) b5: نَحَوْتُ جِلْدَ البَعِيرِ, and ↓ أَنْحَيَتُهُ, I stripped off the skin of the camel. (Msb, voce سَلَخَ). See 4.2 نَحَّى He put a thing aside, or away, or apart; (Msb;) removed it from its place, (Msb, K, TA,) placed it at a distance. (TA.) b2: He made a person to turn away, or withdraw, or retire, from (عَنْ) an affair. b3: نَحَّى عَنْهُ الشَّىْءَ He put aside, or away, or he warded off, or removed, from him the thing. See 4.4 أَنْحَى عَلَيْهِ [He leant, bore, or pressed, upon him, or it, with his body, hand, &c.:] i. q. اِعْتَمَدَ; as also ↓ نَحَا. (IAar, TA.) b2: أَنْحَى عَلَى

فُلَانٍ بِالسَّوْطِ [He attacked such a one with the whip], and بِالسَّيْفِ [with the sword]: and hence بِالتَّعْنِيفِ (tropical:) he accosted him with harsh, or rough, behaviour; syn. أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ. (Har, p. 508.) b3: أَنْحَى عَلَى الشَّىْءِ بِجَمِيعِ كَفِّهِ [He seized the thing with his whole hand]. (M, voce قَبَضَ [q. v.]). b4: أَنْحَيْتُ عَلَى حَلْقِهِ السِّكِّينَ I applied the knife to, or put it across, his throat, or fauces; syn. عَرَضْتُهُ: and in like manner you say, نحى عليه بشفرته [but whether by this be meant نَحَّى or نَحَا is doubtful. (TA.) b5: See 1.5 تَنَحَّى

He, or it, removed; withdrew; went, or moved, away, or aside; (Msb;) or retired to a distance. (TA.) b2: تَنَحَّى (TA, art. قعر,) signifies تكلّف ان يتكلّم كلامًا نَحْوِيًّا, i. e. تكلّف التكلّم على طريق النحاة. (IbrD.) 8 اِنْتَحَى

It fell, like a man's hand when he strikes with it upon his other hand; (L, TA, in art. ترح:) and, in prostration, he fell with his forehead to the ground, and rested upon his forehead, not upon the palms of his hands: mentioned by Sh, from 'Abd-Es-Samad Ibn-Hassán, on the authority of some of the Arabs: so says Az. (L and TA in that art.) نَحْوٌ The like of a thing: syn. مِثْلٌ. (TA.) b2: Quantity, &c.; syn. مِقْدَارٌ. (TA.) b3: A division, &c.; syn. قِسْمٌ. (TA.) b4: نَحْوَهُ: see نَحَا. b5: نَحْوُ الثَّلَاثَةِ About three.

فِى نَحْوِ ثَلَاثِ سَاعَاتٍ

In about three hours. b6: عَرَفْتُهُ فِى نَحْوِ كَلَامِهِ and فى لَحْنِ كلامه and فى مِعْرَاضِ كلامه signify the same. (Msb in art. عرض.) See the last of these, voce عَرُوضٌ. b7: اِتَّئِدْ عَلَى

نَحْوِكَ, i. e. أَوِّنْ عَلَى قَدْرِكَ [or مِقْدَارِكَ]: see art. اون.

نَحْىٌ

: see نِحْى.

نِحْىٌ A skin for holding liquids: (K:) or for clarified butter: (S, Msb, K:) as also ↓ نَحْىٌ, (K.) شَدِيدُ النَّاحِيَةِ (assumed tropical:) A hardy man. (TA, art. عرض.) ذَاتُ النِّحْيَيْنِ

. Respecting what is said of the woman thus named, and of خَوَّات, in the S, see شرد.

مُتَنَجٍّ

Going, or being, away from (عَنْ) a place, person, or thing. b2: مُتَنَحًّى [A place to which to turn away, or back, from a thing; or to which one removes, withdraws, or retires afar off]. (K, voce مَنْكَصٌ.) See مَنْكَصٌ and مَحْرِفٌ.

نَاحِيَةٌ i. q.

جَانِبٌ q. v., A side; a lateral, or an outward, or adjacent, part or portion. (K, &c.) b2: An apartment of a house. (Mgh, voce حَيِّزٌ.) And the pl., نَوَاحٍ, The outer parts or regions of an animal. The sing. may often be rendered A part, or portion, of a place. b3: نَاحِيَةٌ is of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ, [meaning مَنْحُوَّةٌ, a part, or the like, or a point, towards which one goes, or directs himself; a point of direction;] because one goes, or directs himself, towards it: (Msb:) best rendered as above; adding, or part, region, district, quarter, or tract, considered with respect to its collocation or juxtaposition or direction, or considered as belonging to a whole: a vicinage, or neighbourhood: and a part of a country, a region, district, quarter, or tract, absolutely; a district; a province: often best rendered a side; or a region, district, quarter, or tract: or a part of a place, an apartment: see حَيِّزٌ, in art. حوز. b4: Also A limit, bound, or boundary: see two tropical exs. of its pl. (نَوَاحٍ) voce حِنْوٌ, and another in a verse voce رَسُولٌ: or a remote side; syn. جَانِبٌ مُتَنَحٍّ: (Kz, in TA:) a tract of land. (KL.) See أُفُقٌ and جَانِبٌ. b5: عَلَى نَاحِيَةٍ

Beside, aside, or apart; like على جَانِبٍ and عَلى طَرَفٍ; and so نَاحِيَةً and فِى نَاحِيَةٍ, &c.: you say جَلَسَ فِى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْهُمْ He sat aside, or apart, from them: and أَنَا فِى

نَوَاحٍ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ, expl. voce شَفَقٌ. And فِى

نَاحِيَةِ كَذَا In the direction of such a thing: see أَشْرَى. b6: هُوَ عَلَى نَاحِيَتِهِ He is keeping to his own side, following his own course: see جَدِيَّةٌ.

نفذ

1 نَفَذَ, aor. ـُ (M, L,) inf. n. نَفَاذٌ and نُفُوذٌ, (M, L, K,) It went, or passed, through: (L:) or it went, or passed, through a thing, and became clear of it. (M, L, K.) b2: نَفَذْتُ I went, or passed, through. (L.) b3: نَفَذَ السَّهْمُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نُفُوذٌ and نَفَاذٌ, The arrow perforated, transpierced, or pierced through, the animal at which it was shot, and went forth from it: (Msb:) or نَفَذَ السَّهْمُ الرَّمِيَّةَ, (M, L,) and نَفَذَ مِنْهَا, (S, L,) and فِيهَا, (M, A, L,) aor. ـُ (M, L,) inf. n. نَفَاذٌ (M, A, L, K) and نُفُوذٌ (A) and نَفْذٌ, (M, L, K,) the arrow penetrated into the inside of the animal at which it was shot, and its extremity went forth from the other side, or protruded from it, the rest remaining therein; the extremity of the arrow passed through the animal at which it was shot, the rest remaining therein; (M, L, K;) a part of the arrow passed through, or went forth or protruded from, the animal at which it was shot. (A, art. صرد.) See سهْمٌ نَافِذٌ b4: نَفَذَتِ الطَّعْنَةُ The wound made by a spear or the like passed through, or beyond, the other side (T, L.) b5: اُنْفُذْ عَنْكَ Go thou from thy place; pass thou from it. (L.) [See also عَنْ.] b6: نَفَذَ لِوَجْهِهِ He went his way. (TA.) b7: نَفَد الطَّرِيقُ (tropical:) The road was [a thoroughfare (see نَافِذٌ)] pervious, or passable, to every one in common. (Msb.) b8: هٰذَا الطَّرِيقُ يَنْفُدُ إِلَى مَكَانِ كَذَا [This road is a thoroughfare, along which every one may pass, to such a place]. (T, M, * L.) b9: نَفَذَ الَمْنزِلُ إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ (tropical:) The house, or abode, [was a thoroughfare, and] communicated with the road. (Msb.) b10: نَفَذَ القَوْمَ He passed through the people, and left them behind him; (T, M, L, K;) as also ↓ أَنْفَذَهُمْ; (L, K;) or only the former is used in this sense (L.) See also the latter. b11: نَفذَهُمُ البَصَرُ (tropical:) The sight reached them, and extended beyond them: (Ks, L:) or, extended over them all: (A'Obeyd, L:) you say also, البَصَرُ ↓ أَنْفَذَهُمُ in the former sense (L:) [or The sight penetrated into the midst of them: see أَنْفَذَ القَوْمَ.] b12: نَفَذَ رَأْيُهُ (assumed tropical:) His judgment was penetrating; syn. ثَفَبَ. (K in art ثفب) b13: نَفَذَ فِى الأَمْرِ (tropical:) He acted, or went on, with penetrative energy, or with sharpness, vigorousness, and effectiveness, in the affair; syn. مَضَى (S, K, art. مضى.) b14: نَفَذَ الكِتَابُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ, inf. n. نَفَاذٌ and نُفُوذٌ, (tropical:) [The letter passed to, came to, or reached, such a one]: (S, L:) [and in like manner, الرَّسُولُ the messenger: see 4.] b15: نَفَذَ الأَمْرُ,and القَوْلُ, (assumed tropical:) The command, or order, and the saying, was effectual; had effect; was, or became, executed, or performed; syn. مَضَى. (Msb.) b16: نَفَذَ العِتْقُ (assumed tropical:) [The act of emancipation had, or took effect; was, or became, executed. or performed; and in like manner, a covenant, contract, sale, &c.: see 4]. App. a met. expression, from نُفُوذُ السَّهْمِ; because there is no retracting it. (Msb.) b17: يَنْفُدُ بَيْنَنَا (tropical:) He shall judge between us, and make his command or order to have effect, or execute or perform it. (L.) b18: لَهُ نَفَاذٌ فِى الأُمُورِ (tropical:) [He has ability in affairs, to execute, or perform]. (A.) 2 نَفَّذَ see 4.3 نافذهُ (assumed tropical:) He cited him before a judge. It is said in a trad., ان نَافَذْتَهُمْ نَافَذُوكَ If thou cite them before a judge, they will do the same to thee; meaning, If thou say to them, they will say to thee. Accord. to one relation, the verb is with ق and د. (L.) [Accord. to another, it is with ف and ذ.]4 انفذ السَّهْمَ, (A, Msb,) and ↓ نفّذهُ, (Msb,) He made the arrow to pierce, and go forth from, or to pass through, the animal at which it was shot: (Msb:) [or, to penetrate within the animal at which it was shot, and to protrude its extremity from the other side, the rest remaining within; accord. to the explanation of نَفَذَ السَّهْمُ in the M, L, K: or to penetrate the animal at which it was shot, and to protrude a part of it from the other side; accord. to the explanation of سَهْمٌ نَافِذٌ in the A, art. صرد.] You say also, أَنْفَذْتُ فِيهِ السَّهْمَ [I made the arrow to pierce, or penetrate, him, &c.] (A.) b2: رَمَيْتُهُ فَأَنْفَذْتُهُ I shot, or cast, at him, and pierced, or made a hole, through him. (Mgh.) b3: See 1. b4: انفذ الأَمْرَ (assumed tropical:) [He brought to pass the command, or order; made it effectual; made it to have effect; executed or performed it: and in like manner, the saying: see 1]. b5: (assumed tropical:) He executed, performed, or accomplished, the affair. (M, L, K.) b6: انفذ القَوْمَ He became [or entered] among the people: (M, L:) in the copies of the K, explained by صَارَ مِنْهُمْ; but the correct reading is بَيْنَهُمْ [as in the M and L]: (TA:) or he penetrated into them, and went, or walked, in the midst of them. (T, L, K.) See also نَفَذَ القَوْمَ. b7: انفذ كِتَابًا إِلَى فُلَانٍ; (S, L;) and ↓ نفّذهُ, (A,) inf. n. تَنْفِيذٌ; (S, L;) (tropical:) [He sent, or transmitted, a letter to such a one; caused it to pass to or to reach him]: and in like manner, رَسُولًا a messenger. (A.) b8: انفذ عَهْدَهُ, inf. n. إِنْفَاذٌ (assumed tropical:) He made his covenant, or contract, or the like, to take effect; executed or performed it: [and in like manner, an act of emancipation: see 1.] (L, TA.) 6 تَنَافَذُوا إِلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) They came to him, (namely, a judge,) and referred to him their cause, or suit, for judgment. When each party adduces his plea, or allegation, one says تنافدوا, with د, unpointed. (Aboo-Sa'eed, T, L, K. *) طَعْنَةٌ لَهَا نَفَذٌ i. q. طَعْنَةٌ نَافِذَةٌ; (S;) A wound having a passage through the other side; by نَفَذٌ being meant مَنْفَذٌ, or نُفُوذٌ: (T, L:) pl. أَنْفَاذٌ. (A.) Keys Ibn-El-Khateem says (see Ham. p. 85), طَعَنْتُ ابْنَ عَبْدِ القَيْسِ طَعْنَةَ ثَائِرٍ

لَهَا نَفَذٌ لَوْلَا الشَّعَاعُ أَضَاءَهَا (T, S, L) I pierced the son of 'Abd-El-Keys with the wound of one making an angry assault, that had a passage through, which, but for the spirtling blood, would have made it show the light through him. (T, L [See also شُعَاعٌ.]) See also مَنْفَذٌ. b2: نَفَذٌ (tropical:) A place, or way, or means, of exit, escape, or safety; syn. مَخْرَجٌ (T, S, A, L, K.) So in the saying أَتَى بِنَفَذِ مَا قَالَ (tropical:) He effected a means of escape from [the natural consequences of] what he had said; i. e., بِالمَخْرَجِ مِنْهُ. (T, S, A, L, K.) It occurs in a trad., where it is said, that unless a man who has published against a Muslim a charge of which he is clear do this, he is to be punished. (T, L.) b3: نَفَذٌ a subst., (M, L,) used in the sense of إِنْفَاذٌ: (T, M, L, K: *) نَفَذٌ أَمْرٍ signifying (assumed tropical:) [The making a command, or order, effectual; making it to have effect; to be executed or performed;] i. q. إِنْفَاذُهُ: (T, L:) you say, أَمَرَ بِنَفَذِهِ (assumed tropical:) He commanded that it should have effect, or be executed or performed;] i. e., بِإِنْفَاذِهِ: (M, L:) and قام المُسْلِمُونَ بِنَفَذِ الكِتَابِ (assumed tropical:) [The Muslims accomplished the execution, or performance, of what was in the Scripture:] i. e. بإِنفَاذِ مَا فِيهِ. (T, A, L.) نَفُوذٌ: see نَافِذٌ.

أَمْرٌ نَفِيذٌ (assumed tropical:) An affair arranged, or made easy. (L.) See also نَافِذٌ.

نَفَّاذٌ: see نَافِذٌ.

سَهْمٌ نَافِذٌ [An arrow that perforates, transpierces, or pierces through, and goes forth from, or passes through, the animal at which it is shot; accord. to the explanation of the verb in the Msb: or, that penetrates into the inside of the animal at which it is shot, and of which the extremity goes forth from the other side, or protrudes from it, the rest remaining therein; accord. to the explanation of the verb in the M, L, K: or,] of which a part has passed through the animal at which it is shot: when the extremity only has passed through, it is termed صارِدٌ; and when the whole of it has passed through, مَارِقٌ. (A, art. صرد.) b2: طَعْنَةٌ نَافِذَةٌ A wound made by a spear or the like passing through both sides: (M, L:) pl. طَعَنَاتٌ نَوَافِذُ. (A.) See also نَفَذٌ. b3: طَرِيقٌ نَافِذٌ (tropical:) A road which is a thoroughfare; (T, M, L, K;) [pervious;] not stopped up; (T, L;) along which every one may pass. (T, A, L, Msb.) See also مَنْفَذٌ. b4: نَافِذٌ sing. of نَوَافِذُ, (Msb,) which signifies All the holes, or perforations, by which joy or grief is conveyed to the mind (of a man, Msb); as the two ear-holes, (IAar, on the authority of Abu-l-Mekárim, T, L, Msb, K,) and the two nostrils, and the mouth, and the anus: (IAar, T, L, K: *) called by the doctors of practical law مَنَافِذُ, which is contr. to analogy: see مَنْفَِذٌ. (Msb.) b5: نَافِذٌ and ↓ نَفُوذٌ and ↓ نَفَّاذٌ [but the second and third are intensive epithets] (tropical:) A man (M, L) penetrating, or acting with a penetrative energy, or sharp, energetic, vigorous, and effective, (مَاضٍ,) in all his affairs. (M, L, K.) b6: رَجُلٌ نَافِذٌ فِى أَمْرِهِ (tropical:) A man penetrating, or acting with a penetrative energy, or sharp, vigorous, and effective, in his affair; (S, L;) and فى الأُمُورِ in affairs. (A.) b7: أَمْرُهُ نَافِذٌ (assumed tropical:) His command, or order, is effectual; has effect; is executed, or performed; syn. مَاضٍ (K;) and obeyed; (S, L, Msb, K; *) as also ↓ نَفِيذٌ. (K.) b8: دَائِرَةٌ نَافِذَةٌ A feather, or curl of hair in a horse's coat, of the kind which, when it is only on one side, is called هَقْعَةٌ, but which is on both sides. (AO, T, L.) ذَا مَنْفَذُ القَوْمِ, and ↓ نَفَذُهْمُ; and هٰذِهِ مَنَافِذُهُمْ, and أَنْفَاذُهُمْ, [This is the place of passage of the people, and these are their places of passage]. (A.) b2: هٰذَا الطَّرِيقُ مَنْفَذٌ لِمَحَلِّ كَذَا (tropical:) This road is a way along which every one may pass to such a place. (A.) b3: فِيهِ مَنْفَذٌ للقَوْمِ (tropical:) In it (the road) is a [free, or an open,] passage to, or for, the people. (T, L.) See also نَافِذٌ.

مَنْفِذٌ, in measure like مَسْجِدٌ, [or مَنْفَذٌ, agreeably with analogy, as it is written in copies of the T, A, L,] A place by which a thing passes through; [a thoroughfare; an outlet; a place of egress:] pl. مَنَافِذُ. (Msb.) See also نَافِذٌ.

مُنْتَفَذٌ (assumed tropical:) Ample room, space, or scope, or liberty to act &c.: (syn. سَعَةٌ, (M, L, K, TA,) and مَنْدُوحَةٌ: (TA:) [ample means of escape: see also نَفَذٌ:] you say, إِنَّ فِى ذٰلِكَ لَمُنْتَفَذًا Verily in that there is ample room, scope, or means [for action, or for escape]. (TA.) See also مُنْتَفَدٌ.

شرد

1 شَرَدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. شُرُودٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and شِرَادٌ, (S, L, K,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) and شُرَادٌ (K) and شَرْدٌ, (L,) said of a camel, (S, A, L, Msb,) and of a horse or the like, (L,) He took fright, or shied, and fled, or ran away at random; or became refractory, and went away at random, or ran away, or broke loose, and went hither and thither by reason of his sprightliness; syn. نَفَرَ, (S, L, Msb, K,) and نَدَّ: (Msb:) and [simply] he fled, or ran away; said of a camel &c. (Aboo-Bekr, TA.) The saying of the Prophet, أَمَا يَشْرُدُ بِكَ بَعِيرُكَ (tropical:) [Does not thy camel take fright and run away with thee?], addressed by him to Khowwát, who answered, أَمَا مُنْذُ قَيَّدَهُ الإِسْلَامُ فَلَا [As to the period since El-Islám shackled him, no], mentioned in the A, points to a story related of Khowwát Ibn-Jubeyr, (TA,) that, being found by the Prophet sitting by some strange women, he endeavoured to excuse himself by saying that he had a camel which took fright and ran away, and he was seeking for something wherewith to shackle him: the Prophet used afterwards to taunt him by inquiring of him respecting the running-away of his camel: what Kr says, and J in the S [in art. نحى], is incorrect. (IAth, L.) You say also, شَرَدَ عَنِّى فُلَانٌ Such a one fled, or went away or aside or apart or to a distance, from me; syn. نَفَرَ. (A.) [Or] شَرَدَ said of a man, inf. n. شُرُودٌ, means He departed, driven away. (L.) And you say, شَرَدَ عَلَى اللّٰهِ, meaning He departed from obedience to God, and seceded, or separated himself from the community [of the faithful]. (L.) 2 شرّدهُ, (L, Msb,) inf. n. تَشْرِيدٌ, (S, L, Msb, K,) He made him to take fright, and flee, or run away at random; or to become refractory, and to go away at random, or run away, or break loose, and go hither and thither by reason of his sprightliness; namely, a camel [and a horse or the like: see 1]: (Msb:) or he drove him away, or expelled him; (S, * L, K; *) as also ↓ اشردهُ; (L;) [and so شرّد بِهِ; for] you say شَرَّدْتُهُ عَنٍّى and شَرَّدْتُ بِهِ [I drove him away from me]. (A.) And تَشْرِيدٌ signifies also The act of dispersing, or scattering. (K.) [Hence,] شَرِّدْ بِهِمْ مَنْ خَلْفَهُمْ, in the Kur [viii. 59], means Disperse thou, or scatter thou, by them, those [who shall come] after them: (S, L:) or terrify thou, by them, those [who shall come] after them: or make thou them notorious to those [who shall come] after them: (L:) [for]

b2: شرّد بِهِ (inf. n. as above, TA) signifies He rendered him notorious by exposing his vices or faults. (L, K.) 4 أَشْرَدَاشردهُ He made him to be driven away, or expelled, (L, K,) and not received into a place of refuge, covert, or lodging. (L.) See also 2.5 تشرّد القَوْمُ The people, or party, went away, or departed. (L.) شَرَدٌ: see شَارِدٌ.

شِرَادٌ an inf. n. of شَرَدَ [q. v.]: (S, L, K:) or a simple subst. from شَرَدَ [and as such signifying A taking fright, or shying, and fleeing, or running away at random; &c.: or a disposition thereto]. (Msb.) You say, of a camel, بِهِ شِرَادٌ [He has a disposition to take fright, or shy, &c.]. (A.) شَرُودٌ: see شَارِدٌ, in five places.

شَرِيدٌ Driven away, or expelled: (S, L, K:) or, accord. to Aboo-Bekr, when following طَرِيدٌ, it signifies fleeing, or running away: or, as As says, alone, or solitary. (TA.) b2: Also A remainder of anything; as of water in a vessel, and as of property, or camels and the like; pl. شَرَائِدُ, deviating from rule: or شَرِيدَةٌ is a syn. [or rather fem.] of شَرِيدٌ [and شَرَائِدُ is its reg. pl.]. (L.) شَارِدٌ and ↓ شَرُودٌ, (S, A, L, K,) applied to a camel, (S, A, L,) and to a horse or the like, (L,) Taking fright, or shying, and fleeing, or running away at random; or refractory, and going away at random, or running away, or breaking loose, and going hither and thither by reason of sprightliness: or that takes fright, or shies, &c.: (S, L, K:) [or] the latter [signifies wont to take fright, or shy, &c.: and] is applied to a male animal and to a female: (L:) [the fem. of the former is with ة:] pl. of the former شُرَّدٌ (A, * L) and ↓ شَرَدٌ, (S, L, K,) [or rather this is a quasi-pl. n.,] like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ; (S, K;) [and the pl. of شَارِدَةٌ is شُرَّدٌ and شَوَارِدُ;] and the pl. of ↓ شَرُودٌ is شُرُدٌ, like as زُبُرٌ is of زَبُورٌ. (S, L, K. *) You say ↓ فَرَسٌ شَرُودٌ A horse, or mare, refractory towards the rider: and ↓ نَاقَةٌ شَرُودٌ A she-camel that runs away, or breaks loose and goes hither and thither by reason of her sprightliness. (L.) b2: [Hence,] ↓ قَافِيَةٌ شَرُودٌ (tropical:) A rhyme, or verse, or poem, current through the countries, lands, or regions, or through the cities, or towns. (S, A, K.) b3: And قَوَافٍ شَوَارِدُ (S in art. ابد) and قَوَافٍ شُرَّدْ (K ibid.) [pls. of قَافِيَةٌ شَارِدَةٌ] (tropical:) Strange, unusual, unfamiliar, or extraordinary, rhymes or verses or poems; syn. أَوَابِدُ. (S and K ibid.) And [in like manner] لَفْظَةٌ شَارِدَةٌ, in lexicology, signifies (assumed tropical:) A barbarism; or a strange, or an uncouth, unusual, unfamiliar, or extraordinary, word or expression or phrase; as also لفظة غَرِيبَةٌ and وَحْشِيَّةٌ and حُوشِيَّةٌ; opposed to لفظة فَصِيحَةٌ. (Mz, 13th نوع.)

بحث

1 بَحَثَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. بَحْثٌ, He scraped it up; [as one who seeks to find a thing therein;] namely, the dust, or earth: (L:) and he searched, or sought, for it, or after it, (namely, a thing,) in the dust, or earth; as also ↓ ابتحثهُ: (L, TA:) thus each is made trans. by itself: and authors often say, بَحَثَ فِيهِ [meaning he searched, or inquired, into it; investigated, scrutinized, or examined, it]: (TA:) one says, بَحَثَ فِى الأَرْضِ he dug up the earth; and thus it is used in the Kur v. 34: (Msb:) but accord. to the usage commonly known and obtaining, (TA,) you say, بَحَثَ عَنْهُ, (S, A, L, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (L, Msb, K,) and so the inf. n.; (L, Msb;) as well as بَحَثَهُ; (L;) and عنه ↓ ابتحث; (T, S, L, K;) [in some copies of the K انبحث, which is said in the TA to be a mistake; and ↓ ابتحثهُ; (see above;)] and عنه ↓ تبحّث; (T, L, K;) and عنه ↓ استبحث; (L, K;) and ↓ استبحثهُ; (L;) [he scraped up the dust, or earth, from over it: and hence,] he searched, or sought, for it, after it, or respecting it; he inquired, and sought for information, respecting it; he searched, or inquired, into it; investigated, scrutinized, or examined, it; he inquired respecting it, and searched to the utmost after it; (S, * A, * L, Msb, * K; *) namely, a thing, (S, L,) or an affair, or event. (Msb.) You say also, أَخَاهُ عَنْ سِرِهِّ ↓ استبحث He examined his brother respecting his secret. (A in art. نبث.) 3 بَاْحَثَ [باحثهُ عَنْ أَمْرٍ, inf. n. مُبَاحَثَةٌ, He searched, or inquired, with him into a thing; or investigated, scrutinized, or examined, with him a thing, or an affair: and particularly, in the way of disputation.] b2: عَادَتُهُ أَنْ يُبَاحِثَ وَيُبَاهِتَ [His custom is to engage with another in mutual scrutiny of secrets, or faults, or the like, and in mutual calumniation, &c.: see 6]. (A in art. بهت.) 5 تَبَحَّثَ see 1.6 تَبَاحَثُوا عَنِ الأَسْرَارِ They searched, or inquired, into each other's secrets. (A in art. نبث.) 8 إِبْتَحَثَ see 1, in three places. b2: ابتحث also signifies He played with the dust, or earth, termed بحاثة; or at the game called البحثة. (K.) In a copy of the K, the verb is here incorrectly written انبحث. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَبْحَثَ see 1, in three places.

بَحْثٌ, (so in the K,) or ↓ بحِيثٌ, (so in the L,) accord. to Sh, (L,) A mine (L, K) in which one searches for gold and silver. (L.) A2: Also the former, A great serpent; (K;) because it scrapes up the dust or earth. (TA.) البُحْثَةُ, (as written in the L,) or البَحْثَةُ, (as in the K,) accord. to Sh, (L,) and ↓ البُحّيّثَى, (L, K,) accord. to ISh, (L,) A certain game with ↓ بُحَاثَة, i. e, dust, or earth. (L, K.) You say, لَعِبَ البُحْثَةَ He played the game thus called. (L.) إِبِلٌ بَحُوثٌ Camels that scrape up the dust, or earth, with their fore feet, backwards, (AA, T, L, K,) in going; i. e., throwing it behind them; or, as some say, with their feet. (TA.) b2: البَحُوثُ, (K,) or سُوَرةُ البَحُوثِ, (L,) thus written in the Fáïk, and if so, بَحُوثٌ is an intensive epithet, applying alike to a masc. and a fem. noun, like صَبُورٌ; (TA;) or, accord. to some, سُورَةُ البُحُوثِ, (L,) pl. of بَحْثِ; (TA;) a name of The chapter of the Kur-án called سُورَةُ التَّوْبَةِ, (L, K,) and البَرَآءَةِ; (L;) [chap. ix.;] given to it because it inquires respecting the hypocrites and their secrets. (L.) بَحِيثٌ: see بَحْثٌ. b2: A secret: whence the prov., بَدَا بَحِيثُهُمْ [Their secret became apparent, or revealed]. (TA. [But in the S, in art. نجث, q. v., we find بَدَا نَجِيثُ القَوْمِ; and so in Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 159.]) بُحَاثَةٌ Dust, or earth, (Az, K,) which is scraped up from what is searched for therein. (Az, TA.) See البُحْثَةُ.

البُحَيْثَى: see البُحْثَةُ.

بَاحِثٌ [act. part. n. of 1; Scraping up dust or earth: &c.]. كَالبَاحِثِ عَنِ الشَّفْرَةِ [Like him who is scraping up the dust, or earth, from over the great knife with which he is to be slaughtered,] is a prov.: (S, L:) and so كَبَاحِثَةٍ عَنْ حَتْفِهَا بِظِلْفِهَا [Like one searching for her death with her hoof]: originating from the fact of a ewe's digging up a knife in the dust, or earth, and then being slaughtered with it. (L.) بَاحِثَآءُ Dust, or earth, (L, K,) of the burrow of the Jerboa, (L,) resembling the [hole termed]

قَاصِعَآء; (L, K;) but it is not this: pl. بَاحِثَاوَاتٌ. (L.) مَبْحَثٌ A place, and a time, of scraping up or digging; of searching, inquiring, investigating, scrutinizing, or examining: pl. مَبَاحِثُ. (KL.) You say, تَرَكْتُهُ بِمَبَاحِثِ البَقَرِ (S, K*) [I left him in the places where the wild oxen scrape up the ground]; meaning, in a desert place, destitute of herbage, or of human beings; (S, K;) in an unknown place; (K;) i. e., so that it was not known where he was. (S.)

حرف: حرف. حرف المزاج، انحرفت صحته وتوعكت (بوشر) ويقال: حرف على فلان توعكت صحته ومالت عن الاعتدال (زيشر 20: 209) بتقدير المزاج.
حرَّف (بالتشديد). إن العبارة الواردة في المقدمة (2: 195): لم يصح منها قول إلا على تأويل تحرّفه العامة. وهذا يعني: إن هذه القصيدة ليست فيها أية نبوءة إلا إذا أوَّلت تأويلاً تعسفياً كما تفعل العامة. وعلى الرغم من أن المؤلف أراد أن يقول هذه غير أنه أخطأ في التعبير عنه بقوله: حرَّف تأويلاً.
حرف المزاج: أخل بصحته (فوك).
وحرَّف: ضلع الماسة، قطعها أضلاعا (ألكالا) والمصدر منه تحريف (بوشر).
مُحرَّف: مضلَّع.
وحرَّف: اختلس، سل، نشل، سرق ففي المعجم اللاتيني - العربي ( Abstuli) انزِع وأحَرَّف) (ألكالا): سرق وبخاصة المواشي (وفيه: تحريف الغنم: سرقتها) وسرق الأشياء المقدسة (ألكالا) وفيه تحريف سرقة المقدسات.
وفي مجم فوك وردت في مادة: مهارة ( Artificium) ومادة ( Indignari) وفي المعجم اللاتيني- العربي: ( Arto) ( أي Arcto) : أضيق وأحَرِّف. وانظر: حارف.
حارف. وحارف وحارف به: كافأه، أعطاه شيئاً جزاء له. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 60): هل معك شيء تحارفنا به، أي هل معك كمن الدراهم ما تكافئنا به؟.
وحارف المرأة: تظاهر بالتظرف لها. (ألف ليلة برسل 11: 363) ومصدر حارف بهذا المعنى حِراف (ألف ليلة برسل 11: 347) حيث نجد فيه مالك بالحراف: لم تتظاهر بالتظرف والغزل؟.
ويذكر ميهرن (ص27): حرَّف وحارَف بمعنى: لاطف ودلَّل وتظرَّف. وحارف: أحتال، خاتل، وفي معجم بوشر محارفة: احتيال، مكر، ومكيدة، حيلة، خديعة.
وفي محيط المحيط: المحارفة في المعاملة الاحتيال طمعا.
محارَّف: مخدوع، مخاتل، مغشوش، (زيشر 20: 494) غير أن كلمة جرَّاف قد تستعمل بمعنى الخديعة والمخاتلة (زيشر 20: 494 رقم 2، 495 رقم1).
تحرَّف. تحرَّف المزاج: توعكت الصحة وانحرفت عن الاعتدال (فوك).
تحارف عليه: ماكره، وداهنه، واحتال عليه (بوشر) وفي محيط المحيط: تحارف عليه في البيع وغيره احتال.
انحرف، انحرف النجم: مال إلى الزوال (بوشر).
وانحرف: اعوجَّ، مال (بوشر).
بانحراف: باعوجاج، بميل (ابن العوام 1: 531) حيث عليك أن تقرأ وفقا لما جاء في مخطوطة ليدن: وَلْيَكُنْ ترتيبهم واحدا أمام واحد بانحراف.
وانحرف عن الاعتدال: ابتعد عن كبد الوسط (المقدمة 1: 150).
وانحرف وحدها تدل على نفس المعنى.
والمصدر انحراف يمكن أن يترجم (بما معناه) الطرف، أقصى حد. كما فعل دي سلان. انظر المقدمة (1: 148) وفيها: (المنحرف ضد المعتدل)، (149، 150،151، 152، 158 الخ).
وفي المقري (1: 152) وكتائب من البربر منحرفة الطباع خارجة عن الأوضاع.
وانحراف: غرابة في القول أو العمل تدعو إلى الهزء والسخرية (المقري 2: 509).
وانحرف: انظر: انحراف.
احترف: صرف ذهنه وفطنته في التفتيش عن وسائل النجاح (بوشر).
حَرْف: ساحل البحر. (بوشر).
على حرْف الحانوت: على مقدّم الحانوت (مارتن ص32).
وحرف: مقطع لفظي، جزء كلمة (ألكالا).
وحروف (عند أهل الجبر): علامات الترقيم (المقدمة 3: 96) مع التعليق في الترجمة (3: 134).
علم الحرف: علم الجفر، وهو طريقة سحرية تقوم على التصرف بحروف الهجاء العربية في المربعات السحرية (الجريدة الآسيوية 1865، 2: 382، 1866، 1: 313).
وحَرْف: مدار، محور، قطب (الأدريسي ص183، ابن صاحب الصلاة) وفي كتاب الإسطرلاب (مخطوطة 556 (2) الفصل الأول): حرف العضادة لذي تستعمله في جميع الأعمال هو: حرفها المار بمركز الإسطرلاب المنطبق على كل واحد من الخَطَّين المتقاطعين على ظهره وكذلك في كتاب الفعلي على الإسطرلاب (ومخطوطة 591 (4)) الذي استعمل أيضا عبارة العضادة المحرَّفة.
وحرف عند صناع حرائم الحرير (قيطان) لابد انم يدل على معنى غير أني أجهله (انظر في مادة سُبُك).
حَرْف: جرجير، قرة العين ونجد في معجم المنصوري: حرف بابلي وهو الأحمر وهو الأجود، أما الأبيض فإن معظم المعاصرين يرون إنه حرف السطوح ويقولون إنه الحرف البابلي وهذا ما جاء في ابن البيطار (1: 301) وهو خطأ.
حرف السطوح: نبات اسمه العلمي: ( Thlaspi bursa pastoris) ( ابن البيطار 1: 301) حرف مشرقي: نبات اسمه العلمي ( Dirm draba) ( ابن البيطار 1: 301).
حرف الماء: نبات اسمه العلمي: ( Cardamine pratesis) ( ابن البيطار 1: 302).
حَرِف: حِرِّيف (باين سميث 1384).
جِرْفة: جماعة، طائفة، أهل الحرفة.
وأهل الحرف: أصحاب الصنائع (بوشر).
ويظهر إنها عنده حُرْفة وهو يذكر لهذا أن جمعها حُرف.
حرفة الأدب: معناه اللفظي تعاسة أو بؤس التأديب أي عبرة أو أمثولة البؤس والتعاسة.
وهو تعبير استعمله الثعلبي في اليتيمة في كلامة عن الشاعر أبي فراس بن حمدان حيث يقول: ((لما أدركت أبا فراس حرفة الأدب أسرته الروم)).
وتستعمل أيضاً بمعنى الموت العاجل قبل الأوان (دي سلان ترجمة ابن خلكان 2: 45، رقم 6) وفي بيت ألف ليلة (1: 22) عليك أن تقرأ فيما أرى: حِرْفة الدهر بدل حُرفة.
حَرْفِي: موصول حرفي: حرف العطف (بوشر).
حِرْفِيّ: صاحب الحرفة، محترف، صانع (فوك).
حريف: عميل، زبون، مشتري (هلو) وفي رياض النفوس (ص28و): وصاحب الحانوت إنما هو بالحُرَفاء فإذا جاءك حريفك اليوم فلم يجدك - أستبدل بك غيرك.
وحريف: محب، خليل (ميهرن ص27، ألف ليلة) (برسل 9: 142، 151، 12: 400).
حرافة: حمازة، حدة، وهي حِرافة بالكسر وليست حَرافة بالفتح كما هو عند فريتاج ولين .. ففي مخطوطة جيدة لكتاب ابن الجوزي الذي يقول في كلامه عن الجبن القديم: وكُلَّما اشتدت حِرافته كان أَضَرَّ وكذلك مخطوطة أمن ابن البيطار.
وتطلق الحرافة مجازا على الرائحة (معجم المنصوري).
وحرافة: حمازة، وحدة تصيب أعضاء الجسم الملتهبة، التهاب، ففي شكوري (ص187 ق) وكان خِلط هذا الورم يقتضي العِدَّة والحرِارفة. وفي (ص209 ق) منه: الحادث عن حرارة وحرافة. وقد ضبط الحرف الأول من الكلمة بالكسر دائما في هذه المخطوطة الجيدة.
وحرافة: براعة، حذاقة، مهارة (بوشر).
حروفة: حرافة (باين سميث 1384).
حَرَّاف: سارق، لص (فوك) وقد أخطأ الناشر (ص28) حين أراد أن يغير هذه الكلمة، ففي معجم ألكالا أيضا: حرّاف الغنم أي سارق الماشية. (قارن هذا بما جاء في مادة حَرّف).
أحرْف: أحمق شديد الحماقة (زيشر 20: 495) وقد ترجمها دي غوية بكلمة ( Hals) وهي يعني بالهولندية أحمق غير ان ناشر المجلة الذي لم يفهمها قد بدَّلها ب ( Betriger) أي ماكر مخادع وهذا يدل على ضد المعنى وقد صحَّح فليشر (زيشر 21: 275) هذا الخطأ غير أنه لم يعرف اصل الكلمة.
مُحَرَّف: انظرها في حَرْف.
مُحَرِّف: كاسر الأشعة، سبب انكسار الأشعة أو انحرافها.
انحراف: حيدان مركب عن طريقه، وهو من مصطلح البحرية (بوشر).
وانحراف الشعاع: انكسار الشعاع (بوشر).
انحرافي: منحرف مائل.
مُنْحَرِف أو شبيه بالمنحرف: شكل ذو أربعة أضلاع ضلعان منها متوازيان (بوشر).
ساعة منحرفة: ميناء ساعة عمودية (بوشر).
العضادة المنحرفة: عضادة الإسطرلاب وهي المسطرة المتحركة في الإسطرلاب الذي قطعوا جزء من المعدن من طرفيه (ووبك في الاصطرلابات العربية في برلين ص3).
حرفش: حَرْفَشَة: غلظ، فظاظة، قلة التهذيب، حالة الرجل من سفلة الناس (مملوك 1،2: 197).
حَرْفُوش، يجمع على حَرَافِيش وحَرَافِشَة رجل من سفلة الناس (مملوك 1، 2: 195 - 197) وحرافيش: سفلة الناس وأرذلهم (بوشر، ابن بطوطة 1: 36، 4: 318) ولابد من إثبات هذه الكلمة عبد ابن الخطيب (ص135ق) بدل حدفوش، ففيه كان شيطانا ذميما الخلق حدفوشاً وصوابه: دميم الخلق حرفوشاً.
وفي ألف ليلة (برسل 4: 138، 139) نجد صواب الكلمة في ص139 و140) وقد علّق هابيشت على هذه الكلمة تعليقا سخيفا (معجم الترجمة 4 ص28) ولم يصحح فليشر ما في هذا التعليق من خطأ.
وفي معجم ألكالا تقابل هذه الكلمة لفظة ( Roncero) وهي لفظة يستعملها بمعنى لم أجده في المعاجم وهو متشرد متسكع لأنه يترجم أيضاً ( Roncero) بكلمة زُلاّع، التي هي عنده أيضاً ( Mostenco o mostreno) (= متلوف) معناها متشرد متسكع.

حرف

1 حَرَفَ الشَّىْءَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (AO, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) or ـِ (K,) inf. n. حَرْفٌ, (S, Msb,) He turned the thing from its proper way, or manner: (K:) or altered it therefrom: (Msb:) and ↓ حرّفهُ, inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ, has this latter meaning: (K, * TA:) or has an intensive signification of this kind. (Msb.) الكَلِمِ عَنْ ↓ تَحْرِيفُ مَوَاضِعِهِ signifies The altering words from their proper meanings: (S, * TA:) and agreeably with this explanation, the verb is used in the Kur iv. 48, &c.: (TA:) or تحريف signifies the perverting of language: (Msb:) or the altering a word in form; as in writing بُرْدٌ for بَرْدٌ; or vice versâ: (KT:) [and the mistranscribing a word in any manner: commonly used in this sense in the lexicons &c.: or the altering a word by substituting one letter, or more, for another, or others. See also صَحَّفَ.]

A2: See also 7.

A3: حَرَفَ لِعِيَالِهِ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (As, S, K,) or ـُ (Msb,) He earned or gained [subsistence], or laboured to do so, for his family, or household, (As, S, Msb, K,) from this and that quarter; (As, S;) as also ↓ احترف: (Mgh, * Msb, TA:) and بِيَدَيْهِ ↓ احترف [he earned, or gained, with his hands]: and لِعِيَالِهِ ↓ تحرّف he applied himself to earn or gain [subsistence] for his family, or household, by means of any, or every, art or craft: (TA:) and ↓ احرف he laboured, or sought gain or sustenance, for his household, or family; expl. by كَدَّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ. (IAar, K.) A4: حَرَفَ عَيْنُهُ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, (K,) not an inf. n. of un., (TA,) He applied collyrium to his eye (K, TA) with the [style called] مِيل. (TA.) A5: حُرِفَ فِى مَالِهِ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, He suffered the loss of somewhat of his property. (Lh, K.) 2 حَرَّفَ see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] طَاعُونٌ يُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبَ [A pestilence] causing the hearts [of those witnessing its effects] to turn away, and be aloof: (K:) occurring in a trad.: or, accord. to one relation, يُحَوِّفُ القلوب, (TA,) i. e., turning the hearts from confidence, and inclining them to removal and flight. (K and TA in art. حوف.) b3: تَحْرِيفُ القَلَمِ The nibbing the writing-reed obliquely; (S, * K, * TA;) making the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) You say also, حَرَّفَ القَطَّةَ [He made the nibbing oblique]. (TA.) and حرّف السِّكِّينَ فِى حَالِ القَطِّ [He turned the knife obliquely in nibbing]. (TA.) b4: See also 7. b5: تَحْرِيفٌ also signifies The putting in motion, or into a state of commotion; syn. تَحْرِيكٌ. (TA.) b6: قَالَ بِيَدِهِ فَحَرَّفَهَا كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ القَتْلَ, in a trad., means [He made a sign with his hand,] and imitated with it the cutting of a sword with its edge. (TA.) 3 حُورِفَ He was debarred from the means of subsistence; because he of whom this is said is aloof (بِحَرْفٍ) from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) And حُورِفَ كَسْبُ فُلَانٍ Such a one was made to experience difficulty (S, TA) in his buying and selling, and was straitened (TA) in his means of subsistence; as though his means of subsistence were turned away from him: (S, TA:) or he had his gain, or earnings, turned away from him. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-Mes'ood, مَوْتُ المُؤْمِنِ عَرَقُ الجَبِينِ تَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ البَقِيَّةِمِنَ الذُّنُوبِ فَيُحَارِفُ بِهَا عِنْدَ المَوْتِ, i. e. [The death of the believer is accompanied with sweating of the side of the forehead: some sins remain chargeable against him, and] he is made to experience difficulty by them [in dying], in order that his sins may be diminished. (S.) A2: مُحَارَفَةٌ has also a meaning like مُفَاخَرَةٌ: Sá'ideh says, فَقَدْ عَلِمُوا فِى الغَزْوِ كَيْفَ نُحَارِفُ [And they certainly know, in warfare, how we vie for superiority in glory: or] accord. to Skr, it means how we deal with them; as when one says to a man, What is thy حِرْفَة (i. e. thine occupation) and thy lineage? (TA:) [or the meaning may be how we requite; for]

A3: حارفهُ بِسُوْءٍ signifies He requited him for evil (K, TA) that he had done. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ العَبْدِ لَيُحَارَفُ عَنْ عَمَلِهِ الخَيْرَ أَوْ الشَّرَّ, i. e. [Verily the servant] shall be requited [for his deed; the good I mean, or the evil]. (IAar, TA.) And ↓ احرف also signifies He requited for good or evil. (IAar, K.) A4: مُحَارَفَةٌ signifies also The measuring a wound with the مِحْرَاف, i. e. the probe. (K, * TA.) 4 احرف: see 1. b2: Also, (inf. n. إِحْرَافٌ, Msb,) His مال [or cattle] increased, and became in a good state or condition. (Az, S, Msb, K.) One says, جَآءَ بِالحَقِ وَالإِحْرَافِ, meaning He came with, or brought, much cattle. (Az, S. [See حِلْقٌ.]) A2: He emaciated, or rendered lean, a she-camel: so says As: others say احرث. (S.) [See حَرْفٌ: and see حَرِيثَةٌ.]

A3: See also 3, last sentence but one.5 تَحَرَّفَ see 7: b2: and see also 1.7 انحرف [It became turned, or altered, from its proper way, or manner; quasi-pass. of 1 in the first of the senses explained above: and] he turned aside; (Az, S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تحرّف; (Az, S, Mgh, K;) and ↓ احرورف; (Az, S, K;) and ↓ حَرَفَ, inf. n. حَرْفٌ; (TA;) عَنْهُ from it. (Az, S, Msb, TA.) [Hence,] one says, انحرف مِزَاجَهُ [His temperament, or constitution, became disordered]; as also ↓ حَرَّفَ, [app. a mistranscription for حُرِّفَ,] inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ. (TA.) [And انحرف عَلَيْهِ He turned against him, with enmity, or anger.] And انحرف إِلَيْهِ He turned to, or towards, him, or it. (TA.) 8 إِحْتَرَفَ see 1, in two places.12 إِحْرَوْرَفَ see 7.

حَرْفٌ The extremity, verge, border, margin, brink, brow, side, or edge, (S, Mgh, * K, TA,) of anything; (S, K;) as, for instance, the side of a river or rivulet, and of a ship or boat, (TA,) and of the notch of an arrow; (Msb;) and the edge of a sword: (L, TA:) pl. [of mult. حُرُوفٌ, and of pauc.] أَحْرُفٌ. (TA.) Hence, (S,) [A point, a ridge, a brow, and a ledge, of a mountain:] the pointed, sharp, or edged, summit of a mountain: (S, Msb, K:) a projecting portion in the side of a mountain, in form like a small دُكَّان [i. e. bench] or the like: and a portion in the summit of a mountain, having a thin edge, or ridge, rising above the upper part of the back: (Sh, TA:) pl. (of the word thus used in relation to a mountain, TA) حِرَفٌ; (Fr, S, Msb, K;) accord. to Fr, (Msb,) the only instance of the kind except طِلَلٌ as pl. of طَلٌّ. (Msb, K.) [Hence, also,] A nib, of a writing-reed, obliquely cut: so in the phrase قَلَمٌ لَا حَرْفَ لَهُ, in the S and K in art. جزم, a writingreed not having a nib obliquely cut. (TA in that art. [See 2 in the present art.]) And حَرْفَا الرَّأْسِ The two lateral halves of the head. (TA.) [Hence, also, the phrase] فُلَانٌ عَلَى حَرْفٍ مِنْ

أَمْرِهِ [and بِحَرْفٍ مِنْهُ (see 3, first sentence,)] Such a one is [standing] aloof with respect to his affair, (عَلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْهُ, ISd, TA,) [in suspense,] waiting, and looking to the result, if he see, in regarding it from one side, what he likes; (TA;) turning from it if he see what does not please him. (ISd, TA.) The saying, in the Kur xxii. 11, وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ means And of men is he who serves God standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like him who is in the outskirts of the army, who, if sure of victory and spoil, stands firm, and otherwise flees: (Ksh, Bd: *) or the meaning is, who serves God in doubt, or suspense, (Zj, K, Jel,) being unsteady like him who alights and abides upon the حَرْف [i. e. point, or ridge, or brow,] of a mountain: (Jel:) or in a state of disquietude respecting his case; (Ibn-'Arafeh, K;) i. e. not entering into the religion firmly, or steadily: (K:) or who serves God in one mode of circumstances; i. e. when in ample circumstances, and not when straitened in circumstances; (Az, S, K;) as though good fortune and plenty were one side, and an evil state were another side: (Az, TA:) [hence,] حَرْفٌ sometimes signifies a mode, or manner, and a way. (Msb.) b2: A letter of the alphabet: pl. حُرُوفٌ: (S, Msb, K:) the letters being thus called because they are the extremities of the word [and of the syllable]. (Kull.) The saying of the lawyers, تُبْطَلُ الصَّلَاةَ بِحَرْفٍ مُفْهِمٍ [Prayer is made null by a significant letter] means only by an imperative of a verb of which the first and last radical letters are infirm; such as فِ from وَفَى, and قِ from وَقَى, and the like. (Msb.) b3: As a grammatical term, (assumed tropical:) [A particle; i. e.] what is used to express a meaning, and is not a noun nor a verb: every other definition of it is bad: (K:) pl. حُرُوفٌ. (Msb, &c.) b4: And (tropical:) A word [absolutely: often used in this sense in lexicons &c.]. (Kull.) b5: A dialect, an idiom, or a mode of expression, peculiar to certain of the Arabs: pl. [of pauc.]

أَحْرُفٌ: so in the saying (of Mohammad, TA) نَزَلَ القُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ The Kur-án has been revealed according to seven dialects, of the dialects of the Arabs: (A'Obeyd, Az, IAth, K:) or this means, according to seven modes, or manners, (Mgh, Msb,) of reading: whence فُلَانٌ يَقْرَأُ بِحَرْفِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ Such a one reads in the manner of reading of Ibn-Mes'ood. (Mgh.) A2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) Lean, or light of flesh; or lean, and lank in the belly; (S, K;) and firm, strong, or hardy; likened to the حَرْف of a mountain; (S;) or to the حرف of a sword, (Z, O, TA,) in respect of her leanness, or thinness, and her sharpness and effectiveness in pace; (Z, TA;) or to a letter of the alphabet, meaning the letter ا, in respect of her leanness: (TA:) or excellent, or high-bred, or strong and light and swift, sharp and effective in pace, rendered lean by journeyings; likened to the حرف of a sword: (L:) or emaciated: (S, K:) so As used to say: (S:) but this is inconsistent with Dhu-r-Rummeh's description of a she-camel by the epithets جُمَالِيَّةٌ حَرْفٌ سِنَادٌ: (TA:) [see حَرِيثَةٌ:] or [in the CK “ and ”] great; big; of great size; (K, TA;) likened to the حرف of a mountain: (TA:) it is applied only to a she-camel: one may not say جَمَلٌ حَرْفٌ. (IAar, TA.) حُرْفٌ and ↓ حِرْفَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ حُرْفَةٌ (Mgh, K) and ↓ حِرَافٌ (TA) Ill-fatedness; privation of prosperity; or the being denied prosperity; syn. حِرْمَانٌ [as inf. n. of حُرِمَ]: (K, TA:) lack of good fortune, so that one has no increase of his cattle or other property: (S:) debarment from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) Hence the saying of 'Omar, أَحَدِهِمْ أَشَدُّ عَلَىَّ مِنْ عَيْلَتِهِ ↓ لِحِرْفَةُ, (S, K,) or, accord. to one reading, ↓ لَحُرْفَةُ, (TA,) [Verily the ill-fatedness of any one of them is more distressing to me than his poverty:] i. e., the supplying the wants of the poor man is easier to me than the making the bad to thrive: or the meaning is, the want of the means of gaining subsistence by any one of them, and grief on that account, is more distressing to me than his poverty: so in the Nh. (TA.) A2: الحُرْفُ A certain grain, resembling الخَرْدَل [or mustard]; (Az, Msb, TA;) called by the vulgar, (AHn, TA,) or in the dial. of El-'Irák, (TA in art. رشد,) حَبُّ الرَّشَادِ, (AHn, S, K,) or الرَّشَادُ: (Msb:) n. un. with ة, (TA,) applied to a single grain thereof. (Msb.) [See art. رشد.] Hence حِرِّيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb.) حُرْفَةٌ: see حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حِرْفَةٌ A craft, or handicraft, (S, K, TA,) by which one gains his subsistence; a mode, or manner, of gain; any habitual work or occupation of a man; because he turns (يَنْحَرِفُ, K, i. e. يَمِيلُ, TA) to it; (K, TA;) a subst. from اِحْتَرَفَ: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. حِرَفٌ. (TA.) A2: See also حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حُرْفِىٌّ A seller of الحُرْف, i. e. حَبّ الرَّشَاد. (K.) حِرَافٌ: see حُرْفٌ.

حَرِيفٌ A fellow-worker, syn. مُعَامِلٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) in one's craft or ordinary occupation: (K:) and an associate: (KL:) pl. حُرَفَآءُ. (Msb.) b2: It is mostly used by foreigners as meaning A companion in drinking: and by most of the Turks, as implying vituperation; [like our term “ fel-low; ”] so that when any one of them addresses another by this epithet, he is angry. (TA.) حَرَافَةٌ The quality, or property, of burning, or biting, the tongue; acritude. (S, Msb, TA.) حِرِّيفٌ, from الحُرْفُ, Burning, or biting, to the tongue: (S, Msb, TA:) it is applied in this sense to an onion, and to other things: one should not say حَرِّيفٌ. (S, TA.) مَحْرِفٌ A place to which to turn away, or back, from a thing. (AO, S, K.) So in the saying, مَالِى عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَحْرِفٌ [I have no place to which to turn away, or back, from this thing]. (AO, S, K. *) b2: Also, and ↓ مُحْتَرَفٌ, A place in which a man earns or gains [subsistence], or labours to do so, and employs himself as he pleases, or follows his various pursuits. (K.) مُحْرِفٌ A man whose property increases, and becomes in a good state or condition; or whose cattle increase &c. (S, Msb.) مِحْرَفٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مِحْرَفَةٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مُحَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: ] One whose property has gone. (TA.) b3: A writing-reed nibbed obliquely; having the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) مُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبِ, applied to God, The Turner, or Incliner, of hearts: or the Mover of hearts: (TA:) or the Remover of hearts. (Fr, TA voce مُحَرِّك, q. v.) مِحْرَافٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ مِحْرَفٌ, (L, TA,) or ↓ مِحْرَفَةٌ, (Akh, TA,) A probe with which the depth of a wound is measured: (S, L, K:) pl. of the first مَحَارِيفُ; and [of the second, or,] accord. to Akh, of the last, مَحَارِفُ. (TA.) مُحَارَفٌ Prevented, or withheld, from obtaining good; withheld from good fortune, or from sustenance; denied, or refused, good, or prosperity; lacking good fortune; having no increase of his cattle or other property; (S, Mgh, * K; *) contr. of مُبَارَكٌ: (S:) or having his gain, or earnings, turned away from him: (Msb:) or who obtains not good from a quarter to which he betakes himself: or scanted in his means of subsistence: or who works not, or labours not, to earn, or gain: or who earns, or gains, with his hands, but not enough for the support of himself and his household or family: (TA:) مُخَارَفٌ and مُجَارَفٌ are dial. vars. thereof. (TA in art. خرف.) مُحْتَرَفٌ: see مَحْرِفٌ.

مُحْتَرِفٌ A handicraftsman; a worker with his hands. (S, TA.) مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ, in the Kur [viii. 16], means Turning away for the purpose of returning to fight: the doing which is one of the stratagems of war. (Mgh, Msb. *)