رُوس:
بضم أوّله، وسكون ثانيه، وسين مهملة، ويقال لهم رسّ، بغير واو، أمّة من الأمم بلادهم متاخمة للصقالبة والترك ولهم لغة برأسها ودين وشريعة لا يشاركهم فيها أحد، قال المقدسي: هم في جزيرة وبئة يحيط بها بحيرة وهي حصن لهم ممّن أرادهم، وجملتهم على التقدير مائة ألف إنسان، وليس لهم زرع ولا ضرع، والصقالبة يغيرون عليهم ويأخذون أموالهم، وإذا ولد لأحدهم مولود ألقى إليه سيفا وقال له: ليس لك إلّا ما تكسبه بسيفك، وإذا حكم ملكهم بين خصمين بشيء ولم يرضيا به قال لهما:
تحاكما بسيفيكما، فأيّ السيفين كان أحدّ كانت الغلبة له، وهم الذين استولوا على برذعة سنة فانتهكوها حتى ردّها الله منهم وأبادهم، وقرأت في رسالة أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حمّاد مولى محمد بن سليمان رسول المقتدر إلى ملك الصقالبة حكى فيها ما عاينه منذ انفصل عن بغداد إلى أن عاد إليها فحكيت ما ذكره على وجهه استعجابا به، قال: ورأيت الروسيّة وقد وافوا بتجاراتهم فنزلوا على نهر إتل فلم أر أتمّ أبدانا منهم كأنّهم النخل شقر حمر لا يلبسون القراطق ولا الخفاتين ولكن يلبس الرجل منهم كساء يشتمل به على أحد شقّيه ويخرج إحدى يديه منه، ومع كلّ واحد منهم سيف وسكّين وفأس لا تفارقه، وسيوفهم صفائح مشطبة أفرنجية، ومن حدّ ظفر الواحد منهم إلى عنقه محضر شجر وصور وغير ذلك، وكلّ امرأة
منهم على ثديها حقة مشدودة إمّا من حديد وإمّا من نحاس وإمّا من فضة وإمّا من ذهب على قدر مال زوجها ومقداره، في كل حقة حلقة فيها سكين مشدودة على الثدي أيضا، وفي أعناقهنّ أطواق ذهب وفضة لأنّ الرجل إذا ملك عشرة آلاف درهم صاغ لامرأته طوقا وإن ملك عشرين ألفا صاغ لها طوقين وكلّما زاد عشرة آلاف درهم يزيد لها طوقا آخر، فربّما كان في عنق الواحدة منهن أطواق كثيرة، وأجلّ الحلي عندهم الخرز الأخضر من الخزف الذي يكون على السفن يبالغون فيه ويشترون الخرزة منه بدرهم وينظمونه عقدا لنسائهم، وهم أقذر خلق الله لا يستنجون من غائط ولا يغتسلون من جنابة كأنّهم الحمير الضالة، يجيئون من بلدهم فيرسون سفنهم بإتل، وهو نهر كبير، ويبنون على شاطئه بيوتا كبارا من الخشب ويجتمع في البيت الواحد العشرة والعشرون والأقل والأكثر، ولكلّ واحد منهم سرير يجلس عليه ومعه جواريه الرّوقة للتجار، فينكح الواحد جاريته ورفيقه ينظر إليه، وربّما اجتمعت الجماعة منهم على هذه الحالة بعضهم بحذاء بعض، وربّما يدخل التاجر عليهم ليشتري من بعضهم جارية فيصادفه ينكحها فلا يزول عنها حتى يقضي أربه، ولا بدّ لهم في كلّ يوم بالغداة أن تأتي الجارية ومعها قصعة كبيرة فيها ماء فتقدمها إلى مولاها فيغسل فيها وجهه ويديه وشعر رأسه، فيغسله ويسرحه بالمشط في القصعة ثمّ يمتخط ويبصق فيها ولا يدع شيئا من القذر إلّا فعله في ذلك الماء فإذا فرغ ممّا يحتاج إليه حملت الجارية القصعة إلى الذي يليه فيفعل مثل ما فعل صاحبه، ولا تزال ترفعها من واحد إلى واحد حتى تديرها على جميع من في البيت، وكل واحد منهم يمتخط ويبصق فيها ويغسل وجهه وشعره فيها، وساعة موافاة سفنهم إلى هذا المرسى يخرج كل واحد منهم ومعه خبز ولحم ولبن وبصل ونبيذ حتى يوافي خشبة طويلة منصوبة لها وجه يشبه وجه الإنسان وحولها صور صغار وخلف تلك الصور خشب طوال قد نصبت في الأرض فيوافي إلى الصورة الكبيرة ويسجد لها ثمّ يقول: يا ربّ قد جئت من بعد ومعي من الجواري كذا وكذا رأسا ومن السمور كذا وكذا جلدا، حتى يذكر جميع ما قدم معه من تجارته ثمّ يقول: وقد جئتك بهذه الهدية، ثمّ يترك ما معه بين يدي الخشبة ويقول: أريد أن ترزقني تاجرا معه دنانير ودراهم فيشتري مني كلّ ما أريد ولا يخالفني في جميع ما أقول، ثمّ ينصرف، فإن تعسر عليه بيعه وطالت أيّامه عاد بهدية أخرى ثانية وثالثة، فإن تعذّر عليه ما يريد حمل إلى صورة من تلك الصور الصغار هدية وسألها الشفاعة وقال: هؤلاء نساء ربنا وبناته، ولا يزال إلى صورة صورة يسألها ويستشفع بها ويتضرّع بين يديها فربّما تسهّل له البيع فباع فيقول: قد قضى ربي حاجتي وأحتاج أن أكافئه، فيعمد إلى عدّة من البقر والغنم على ذلك ويقتلها ويتصدّق ببعض اللحم ويحمل الباقي فيطرحه بين يدي تلك الخشبة الكبيرة والصغار التي حولها ويعلق رؤوس البقر والغنم على ذلك الخشب المنصوب في الأرض، فإذا كان اللّيل وافت الكلاب فأكلت ذلك فيقول الذي فعله: قد رضي عني ربي وأكل هديتي، وإذا مرض منهم الواحد ضربوا له خيمة ناحية عنهم وطرحوه فيها وجعلوا معه شيئا من الخبز والماء ولا يقربونه ولا يكلّمونه بل لا يتعاهدونه في كل أيّامه لا سيما إن كان ضعيفا أو كان مملوكا، فإن برأ وقام رجع إليهم وإن مات أحرقوه وإن كان مملوكا تركوه على حاله تأكله الكلاب وجوارح
الطير، وإذا أصابوا سارقا أو لصّا جاءوا به إلى شجرة طويلة غليظة وشدوا في عنقه حبلا وثيقا وعلّقوه فيها ويبقى معلّقا حتى يتقطّع من المكث إمّا بالرياح أو الأمطار، وكان يقال لي: إنّهم كانوا يفعلون برؤسائهم عند الموت أمورا أقلّها الحرق، فكنت أحب أن أقف على ذلك حتى بلغني موت رجل منهم جليل فجعلوه في قبره وسقّفوا عليه عشرة أيّام حتى فرغوا من قطع ثيابه وخياطتها، وذلك أن الرجل الفقير منهم يعملون له سفينة صغيرة ويجعلونه فيها ويحرقونها، والغنيّ يجمعون ماله ويجعلونه ثلاثة أثلاث: فثلث لأهله وثلث يقطعون له به ثيابا وثلث يشترون به نبيذا يشربونه يوم تقتل جاريته نفسها وتحرق مع مولاها، وهم مستهترون بالخمر يشربونها ليلا ونهارا، وربّما مات الواحد منهم والقدح في يده، وإذا مات الرئيس منهم قال أهله لجواريه وغلمانه:
من منكم يموت معه؟ فيقول بعضهم: أنا، فإذا قال ذلك فقد وجب عليه لا يستوي له أن يرجع أبدا، ولو أراد ذلك ما ترك، وأكثر ما يفعل هذا الجواري، فلمّا مات ذلك الرجل الذي قدمت ذكره قالوا لجواريه: من يموت معه؟ فقالت إحداهن:
أنا، فوكلوا بها جاريتين تحفظانها وتكونان معها حيث ما سلكت حتى إنّهما ربّما غسلتا رجليها بأيديهما، وأخذوا في شأنه وقطع الثياب له وإصلاح ما يحتاج إليه والجارية في كل يوم تشرب وتغنّي فارحة مستبشرة، فلمّا كان اليوم الذي يحرق فيه هو والجارية حضرت إلى الــنهر الذي فيه سفينته فإذا هي قد أخرجت وجعل لها أربعة أركان من خشب الخلنج وغيره وجعل حولها أيضا مثل الأناس الكبار من الخشب ثمّ مدت حتى جعلت على ذلك الخشب وأقبلوا يذهبون ويجيئون ويتكلّمون بكلام لا أفهمه وهو بعد في قبره لم يخرجوه ثمّ جاءوا بسرير فجعلوه على السفينة وغشّوه بالمضرّبات الديباج الرومي والمساند الديباج الرومي ثمّ جاءت امرأة عجوز يقولون لها ملك الموت ففرشت على السرير الذي ذكرناه، وهي وليت خياطته وإصلاحه، وهي تقتل الجواري، ورأيتها حوّاء نيّرة ضخمة مكفهرّة، فلمّا وافوا قبره نحّوا التراب عن الخشب ونحّوا الخشب واستخرجوه في الإزار الذي مات فيه فرأيته قد اسودّ لبرد البلد، وقد كانوا جعلوا معه في قبره نبيذا وفاكهة وطنبورا فأخرجوا جميع ذلك وإذا هو لم يتغير منه شيء غير لونه، فألبسوه سراويل ورانا وخفّا وقرطقا وخفتان ديباج له أزرار ذهب وجعلوا على رأسه قلنسوة من ديباج سمور وحملوه حتى أدخلوه القبة التي على السفينة وأجلسوه على المضرّبة وأسندوه بالمساند وجاءوا بالنبيذ والفواكه والريحان فجعلوه معه وجاءوا بخبز ولحم وبصل فطرحوه بين يديه وجاءوا بكلب فقطعوه نصفين وألقوه في السفينة ثمّ جاءوا بجميع سلاحه فجعلوه إلى جانبه ثمّ أخذوا دابّتين فأجروهما حتى عرقتا ثمّ قطعوهما بالسيوف وألقوا لحمهما في السفينة ثمّ جاءوا ببقرتين فقطعوهما أيضا وألقوهما في السفينة ثمّ أحضروا ديكا ودجاجة فقتلوهما وطرحوهما فيها والجارية التي تقتل ذاهبة وجائية تدخل قبّة قبة من قبابهم فيجامعها واحد واحد، وكلّ واحد يقول لها: قولي لمولاك إنّما فعلت هذا من محبتك، فلمّا كان وقت العصر من يوم الجمعة جاءوا بالجارية إلى شيء عملوه مثل ملبن الباب فوضعت رجلها على أكفّ الرجال وأشرفت على ذلك الملبن وتكلّمت بكلام لها، فأنزلوها ثمّ أصعدوها ثانية ففعلت كفعلها في المرّة الأولى ثمّ أنزلوها وأصعدوها ثالثة ففعلت فعلها في المرّتين ثمّ
دفعوا لها دجاجة فقطعت رأسها ورمت به فأخذوا الدجاجة وألقوها في السفينة، فسألت الترجمان عن فعلها فقال: قالت في المرّة الأولى هو ذا أرى أبي وأمّي، وقالت في المرّة الثانية: هو ذا أرى جميع قرابتي الموتى قعودا، وقالت في المرّة الثالثة: هو ذا أرى مولاي قاعدا في الجنة والجنة حسنة خضراء ومعه الرجال والغلمان وهو يدعوني فاذهبوا بي إليه، فمرّوا بها نحو السفينة فنزعت سوارين كانا معها فدفعتهما إلى المرأة العجوز التي تسمى ملك الموت وهي التي تقتلها، ونزعت خلخالين كانا عليها ودفعتهما إلى الجاريتين اللتين كانتا تخدمانها وهما ابنتا المعروفة بملك الموت، ثمّ أصعدوها إلى السفينة ولم يدخلوها إلى القبة وجاء الرجال ومعهم التراس والخشب ودفعوا إليها قدحا من نبيذ فغنّت عليه وشربته، فقال لي الترجمان: إنّها تودّع صواحباتها بذلك، ثمّ دفع إليها قدح آخر فأخذته وطولت الغناء والعجوز تستحثها على شربه والدخول إلى القبة التي فيها مولاها، فرأيتها وقد تبلّدت وأرادت الدخول إلى القبة فأدخلت رأسها بين القبة والسفينة فأخذت العجوز رأسها وأدخلتها القبة ودخلت معها العجوز وأخذ الرجال يضربون بالخشب على التراس لئلا يسمع صوت صياحها فيجزع غيرها من الجواري فلا يطلبن الموت مع مواليهنّ، ثمّ دخل القبّة ستة رجال فجامعوا بأسرهم الجارية ثمّ أضجعوها إلى جنب مولاها الميت وأمسك اثنان رجليها واثنان يديها وجعلت العجوز التي تسمى ملك الموت في عنقها حبلا مخالفا ودفعته إلى اثنين ليجذباه وأقبلت ومعها خنجر عظيم عريض النصل فأقبلت تدخله بين أضلاعها موضعا موضعا وتخرجه والرجلان يخنقانها بالحبل حتى ماتت، ثمّ وافى أقرب الناس إلى ذلك الميت فأخذ خشبة فأشعلها بالنار ثمّ مشى القهقرى نحو قفاه إلى السفينة والخشبة في يده الواحدة ويده الأخرى على استه وهو عريان حتى أحرق ذلك الخشب الذي قد عبوه تحت السفينة من بعد ما وضعوا الجارية التي قتلوها في جنب مولاها، ثمّ وافى الناس بالخشب والحطب ومع كلّ واحد خشبة وقد ألهب رأسها فيلقيها في ذلك الخشب فتأخذ النار في الحطب ثمّ في السفينة ثمّ في القبّة والرجل والجارية وجميع ما فيها، ثمّ هبت ريح عظيمة هائلة فاشتدّ لهب النار واضطرم تسعّرها، وكان إلى جانبي رجل من الروسية فسمعته يكلم الترجمان الذي معه، فسألته عمّا قال له، فقال:
إنّه يقول أنتم معاشر العرب حمقى لأنكم تعمدون إلى أحبّ الناس إليكم وأكرمهم عليكم فتطرحونه في التراب فتأكله الهوام والدود ونحن نحرقه بالنار في لحظة فيدخل الجنة من وقته وساعته، ثمّ ضحك ضحكا مفرطا وقال: من محبة ربّه له قد بعث الريح حتى تأخذه في ساعته، فما مضت على الحقيقة ساعة حتى صارت السفينة والحطب والرجل الميت والجارية رمادا رمددا، ثمّ بنوا على موضع السفينة، وكانوا أخرجوها من الــنهر، شبيها بالتل المدوّر ونصبوا في وسطه خشبة كبيرة وكتبوا عليها اسم الرجل واسم ملك الروس وانصرفوا، قال:
ومن رسم ملوك الروس أن يكون معه في قصره أربعمائة رجل من صناديد أصحابه وأهل الثقة عنده فهم يموتون بموته ويقتلون دونه، ومع كلّ واحد منهم جارية تخدمه وتغسل رأسه وتصنع له ما يأكل ويشرب وجارية أخرى يطؤها، وهؤلاء الأربعمائة يجلسون تحت سريره، وسريره عظيم مرصّع بنفيس الجواهر، ويجلس معه على السرير أربعون جارية لفراشه، وربّما وطئ الواحدة منهن بحضرة أصحابه
الذين ذكرنا، ولا ينزل عن سريره، فإذا أراد قضاء حاجة قضاها في طشت، وإذا أراد الركوب قدموا دابته إلى السرير فركبها منه، وإذا أراد النزول قدم دابّته حتى يكون نزوله عليه، وله خليفة يسوس الجيوش ويواقع الأعداء ويخلفه في رعيته، هذا ما نقلته من رسالة ابن فضلان حرفا حرفا وعليه عهدة ما حكاه، والله أعلم بصحته، وأمّا الآن فالمشهور من دينهم دين النصرانيّة.

عطف

1 عَطَفَ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (O, K,) inf. n. عُطُوفٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) or عَطْفٌ, (O, TA,) He, or it, (a man, S, O, or a thing, Msb,) inclined; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) or bent: (MF, TA:) and ↓ انعطف also has the former meaning, (Mgh, Msb, * TA,) as in the saying انعطف نَحْوَهُ i. e. he, or it, inclined towards him, or it; (TA;) [or the latter meaning;] or it became inclined, (Msb,) or became bent, (S, * O, Msb, K,) or both, (TA,) as quasi-pass. of عَطَفَهُ; (S, O, Msb, TA;) and ↓ تعطّف likewise has both of these meanings, as quasi-pass. of عطّفهُ, or [signifies it became much inclined and bent, for] عطّف is with teshdeed to denote muchness. (TA.) b2: Hence, (MF, TA,) عَطَفَ عَلَيْهِ, (S, Mgh, MA, O, K,) [aor. as above,] inf. n. عَطْفٌ; (MA, MF, TA;) and عليه ↓ تعطّف; (S, MA, O, K;) [and ↓ انعطف عليه;] (tropical:) He was, or became, favourably inclined towards him; or affectionate, or kind, to him; (MA, PS;) he regarded him, or treated him, with mercy or pity or compassion; (MA, Mgh;) because in mercy, or pity, or compassion, is an inclining towards its object; (Mgh;) i. q. أَشْفَقَ عَلَيْهِ; (S, O, K;) and وَصَلَهُ, and بَرَّهُ. (TA in explanation of the second.) And عَطَفَتْ عَلَى

وَلَدِهَا, aor. as above, inf. n. عَطْفٌ, said of a she camel, (assumed tropical:) She became favourably inclined, or compassionate, towards her young one, and yielded her milk; (Msb;) and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تعطّفت [signifies the same, or she was made to incline to him, or to affect him]. (M in art. رأم, &c) b3: عَطَفَ عَلَيْهِ also signifies He turned, or returned, against him: (S:) or he charged, or made an assault or attack, upon him, [in battle,] and turned, or returned, against him: (O, K:) or he returned against him with that which he disliked, or hated: and to him with that which he desired. (L, referring to a verse of Aboo-Wejzeh Es-Saadee cited in art. حين, q. v.) b4: And عَطَفَ, aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. عَطْفٌ, (K, TA,) signifies also He turned away, or back. (K, * TA.) b5: And [hence,] عَطَفَ عَنْهُ signifies (tropical:) the contr. of عَطَفَ عَلَيْهِ in the first of the senses assigned to this latter above [i. e. it signifies (tropical:) He was, or became, averse from him; or disaffected, or unkind, to him; or unmerciful, unpitying, or uncompassionate, to him]. (MF, TA.) b6: عُطُوفٌ and عَطْفٌ [as intrans. inf. ns.] also signify A sheep's, or goat's, bending the neck, not by reason of an ailment. (TA.) b7: And عَطْفٌ [app. likewise as an intrans. inf. n.] also signifies The folding of the extremities of the skirt, of the facing, or outer side, upon, or against, the lining, or inner side. (TA.) A2: عَطَفَهُ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) [aor. as above,] inf. n. عَطْفٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) He inclined it; (Mgh, Msb, TA;) namely, a thing; (Msb, TA;) as also ↓ استعطفهُ: (Mgh:) or he bent it, or doubled it, or folded it: (Msb:) or it signifies also he bent it: and ↓ عطّفهُ likewise, inf. n. تَعْطِيفٌ, has both of these meanings: (TA:) or this latter verb is with teshdeed to denote muchness [of the action], or multiplicity [of the objects]: (S, O, TA:) you say, عَطَفْتُ العُودَ (S) I bent [or inclined] the stick, or piece of wood: (MA, PS:) and العِيدَانَ ↓ عَطَّفْتُ [I bent, or inclined, the sticks, or pieces of wood]: (S, O:) and زَأْسَ الخَشَبَةِ ↓ عَطَّفْتُ [I bent, or inclined, much, the head of the piece of wood]. (TA.) One says of a she-gazelle, تَعْطِفُ جِيدَهَا إِذَا رَبَضَتْ [She inclines, or bends, her neck when she lies down on her breast]. (O, K.) And one says, عَطَفَ رَأْسَ بَعِيرِهِ إِلَيْهِ He inclined, or bent, or turned aside, the head of his camel towards him; inf. n. عَطْفٌ: (TA:) and نَاقَتَهُ ↓ استعطف He turned aside his she-camel (عَطَفَهَا) by pulling her nose-rein in order that she should incline her head. (Mgh.) And عَطَفَ الوِسَادَةَ, (S, O, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above; (O;) and ↓ عَطَّفَهَا; (K;) He bent, or doubled, or folded, the pillow, or cushion, (S, O, K,) when leaning with his elbow upon it. (O.) b2: And [hence] one says, عَطَفَ اللّٰهُ بِقَلْبِ السُّلْطَانِ عَلى رِعَيَّتهِ (assumed tropical:) God made the heart of the Sultán, or ruling power, to be favourably inclined towards his subjects; to regard them, or treat them, with mercy. (TA.) And عَطَفَتْكَ عَلَيْهِمُ الرَّحِمُ (assumed tropical:) [The feeling of relationship, or consanguinity, or the sympathy of blood, caused, or hath caused, thee to be favourably inclined towards them; &c.]. (Ham p. 765.) And عَطَفَ النَّاقَةَ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا (assumed tropical:) [He made the she-camel to incline to, or affect, her young one]. (M in art. رأم; &c.: see also لِقَاحٌ مُعَطَّفَةٌ in this art.) And تُعْطَفُ عَلَى البَوِّ (assumed tropical:) [She (a camel) is made to incline to, or affect, the stuffed skin of a young unweaned camel in order that she may yield her milk, when her young one has died]. (S, O, [See عَطُوفٌ.]) b3: And عَطَفْتُهُ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) I turned him away, or back, from his object of want. (Msb.) b4: And عَطْفُ المُدْمَجِ i. e. القِدْحِ means The turning round about, or shuffling, of the gaming-arrow. (S voce مُدْمَجٌ: see a verse there cited.) 2 عَطَّفَ see 1, latter half, in four places.

A2: عَطَّفْتُهُ, ثَوْبِى, inf. n. تَعْطِيفٌ, I made my garment to be to him an عِطَاف, (O, K, TA,) i. e. a رِدَآء, [by putting it] upon his shoulders, as men do in the [season of] heat. (TA.) 5 تَعَطَّفَ see 1, former half, in three places. b2: [تعطّف also signifies He (a man) affected a bending of his body; like تَثَنَّى, with which it is coupled in the S and O and K in art. غوج.]

A2: تعطّف بِالعِطَافِ He clad himself (S, O, K *) with the عِطَاف (O) [i. e.] with the رِدَآء; (S;) as also بِهِ ↓ اعتطف. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K. *) b2: Hence, in a trad., (TA,) in a prayer of the Prophet, (O,) سُبْحَانَ مَنْ تَعَطَّفَ بِالْعِزِّ وَقَالَ بِهِ, (O, TA,) meaning (tropical:) [I declare, or celebrate, or extol, the absolute perfection] of Him who hath clad Himself with might as with a رِدَآء [and (as expl. in the K in art. قول and by Sgh) hath predominated thereby]. (IAth, TA.) 6 تعاطفوا means عَطَفَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) They were, or became, favourably inclined, one towards another; or affectionate, or kind, one to another; &c.: see 1]. (S, O, K.) b2: And تعاطف فِى مِشْيَتِهِ He (a man, Lth, O) shook, or moved about, his head, in his gait: (Lth, O, K:) or he inclined from side to side, therein: or he walked with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait. (O, * K.) 7 إِنْعَطَفَ see 1, first quarter, in two places.8 إِعْتَطَفَ see 5. b2: [Hence,] اعتطف القَوْسَ He hung upon himself the bow, putting its suspensory belt or cord upon his neck or shoulder; (IAar, TA;) and so السَّيْفَ the sword. (TA.) 10 استعطفهُ, (O, K,) or استعطفهُ عَلَيْهِ, (S, [in which the meaning is indicated by the addition of فَعَطَفَ,]) signifies سَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَعْطِفَ عَلَيْهِ [He asked him to become favourably inclined towards him; to be affectionate, or kind, to him; or to regard him, or treat him, with mercy or pity or compassion]: (O, K:) [or he sought, or endeavoured, to conciliate to him his affection, or good will:] or اِسْتَعْطَفْتُهُ signifies سَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يَنْعَطِفَ [I asked him to incline, or bend: but perhaps ينعطف is a mistranscription for يَعْطِفَ]. (Msb.) b2: See also 1, latter half, in two places.

عَطْفٌ: see the next paragraph, last sentence, in two places. b2: [It is used in grammar as meaning Adjunction to an antecedent: this is of two kinds; عَطْفُ البَيَانِ the explicative adjunction, as in جَآءَ أَخُوكَ زَيْدٌ; and عَطْفُ النَّسَقِ the ordinal adjunction, as in جَآءَ زَيْدٌ وَعَمْرٌو: (in each of which instances the latter noun is termed ↓ مَعْطُوفٌ; and the former noun عَلَيْهِ ↓ مَعْطُوفٌ:) and hence, حَرْفُ عَطْفٍ, meaning a particle of adjunction; or what we commonly call a conjunction; (as وَ and ثُمَّ, &c.;) also termed ↓ حَرْفٌ عَاطِفٌ an adjunctive particle.]

عِطْفٌ The side of a human being, from the head to the hip, or to the foot: (Mgh:) and the side of a thing: (Msb:) or the dual signifies the two sides of a man, from the part next the head to the hips: (S, O:) and the two sides of the neck of a man: (TA:) and the two sides of anything: (S, O, K:) as relating to a man, (TA,) or a thing. (Msb,) the pl. is أَعْطَافٌ, [properly a pl. of pane.,] (Msb, TA,) and, as relating to a man, عِطَافٌ also, and عُطُوفٌ. (TA.) Hence the phrase, هُمْ

أَلْيَنُ عِطْفًا [They are more pliant, or pliable; properly as meaning flexible, supple, lithe, or limber; but app. here used tropically, as meaning compliant: compare لَيِّنُ الجَانِبِ]. (Mgh.) and لَيِّنُ الأَعْطَافِ [Pliant, or pliable, &c.], applied to a horse: (En-Nadr, TA voce غُوْجٌ: [see also عَاجٌ, in art. عوج:]) and ↓ سَهْلُ المَعْطِفِ [and ↓ المَعَاطِفِ and الأَعْطَافِ, which signify the same,] so applied. (S and O and TA voce غَوْجٌ.) and [hence, also,] one says, ثَنَى عَنِّى عِطْفَهُ [lit. He bent from me his side], meaning he turned away from me. (S, O, K.) And جَآءَ ثَانِىَ عِطْفِهِ He came in an unstraitened, or an easy, or a pleasant and plentiful, state, or condition: (O, K:) or (K) ثَانِىَ عِطْفِهِ in the Kur [xxii. 9] means (O) twisting, or bending, his neck: (O, K:) or (K) magnifying himself, or behaving proudly, and turning away (O, K) from El-Islám. (O.) And فُلَانٌ يَنْظُرُ فِى عِطْفَيْهِ [lit. Such a one looks at his sides], meaning, is self-conceited. (IDrd, O, K. *) b2: Also The armpit (Az, O, K, TA) of a man: and his shoulder: pl. عُطُوفٌ. (Az, TA.) b3: and The curved part of each of the two extremities of the bow; (O, K, TA;) the two being called its عِطْفَانِ. (TA.) One says, تَعَوَّجَ القَوْسُ فِى عِطْفَيْهِ, (O, TA,) in the copies of the K, تَعَرَّجَ الفَرَسُ فِى

عِطْفَيْهِ, but the former is the right, (TA,) meaning [The bow] bent to the right and left [in the two curved parts of its extremities]. (O, K, TA.) b4: One says also, تَنَحَّ عَنْ عِطْفِ الطَّرِيقِ [i. e. Go thou aside from] the beaten track of the road; as also ↓ عَطْفِهِ: (IAar, O, K:) or ↓ عَطْفٌ signifies a bending (Mgh, Msb) in a street (Mgh) or road, (Msb,) being an inf. n. used as a simple subst.; but the عِطْف in a street [or road] is [a bent part, being] of the measure فِعْلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ. (Mgh. [See similar instances voce ذِبْحٌ.]) عَطَفٌ: see عَطَفَةٌ.

A2: Also Length of the edges of the eyelids, (O, K, TA,) and a bending [app. upwards] thereof: (TA:) occurring in a trad.: or the word, as some relate it, is غَطَفٌ [q. v.]; (O, TA;) which is of higher authority. (TA.) عَطْفَةٌ [as an inf. n. un.] An inclining: hence, in a trad., كَأَنَّ عَطْفَتَهُمْ حِينَ سَمِعُوا صَوْتِى عَطْفَةُ البَقَرِ عَلَى أَوْلَادِهَا [As though their inclining, when they heard my voice, were the inclining of the cows (app. meaning wild cows) towards their young ones]. (O, TA.) A2: And A certain bead by means of which women captivate men; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عِطْفَةٌ. (K.) A3: Also, (K,) or ↓ عَطَفَةٌ, for which عَطْفَة is used by poetic license, (ISh and O, [referring to a verse which will be found at the close of this paragraph, in which verse, however, it is certainly not used as applied to what here immediately follows,]) A tree to which the حَبْلَة [i. e. grape-vine, or branch of a grapevine,] clings; (ISh, O, K;) and so ↓ عِطْفَةٌ, (K,) or thus as written in the “ Book of Plants ” by AHn, who says that it is thus called because of its bending and twining upon trees: (O: [but this remark seems evidently to show that he means thereby one of the plants mentioned below voce عِطْفَةٌ or voce عَطَفَةٌ, or perhaps what here follows:]) IB says that the عَطْفَة is the لَبْلَاب [dolichos lablab of Linn.]; so called because of its twining upon trees: (TA:) [and this, or what will be found mentioned voce عَطَفَةٌ below, may be meant in the following verse:] a poet says, تَلَبَّسَ حُبُّهَا بِدَمِى وَلَحْمِى

تَلَبُّسَ عَطْفَةٍ بِفُرُوعِ ضَالِ [The love of her mingled with, and clung to, my blood and my flesh, like the mingling and clinging of an عطفة with, and to, the branches of a wild lote-tree]. (ISh, O, TA.) عِطْفَةٌ: see عَطْفَةٌ, in two places. b2: Also The extremities [or tendrils] of the vine, that hang therefrom. (K.) b3: And The tree [or plant] called عُصْبَة [n. un. of عُصْبٌ, q. v., said by some to signify the لَيْلَاب, mentioned in the next preceding paragraph]. (K.) عَطَفَةٌ A certain plant which twines upon trees and has no leaves nor branches, fed upon by the oxen [app. meaning the wild oxen,] (K, TA,) but injurious to them: (TA:) some of its عُرُوق [app. here meaning root-like stalks] are taken, and twisted, and charmed [by some invocation or otherwise], and cast upon the woman that hates her husband, and she consequently loves him: (K, TA:) so they assert: (TA:) accord. to AA, ↓ عَطَفٌ signifies one of the strange kinds of trees of the desert: (O, TA:) عَطَفَةٌ is the n. un. thereof. (TA.) See also عَطْفَةٌ.

قَوْسٌ عَطْفَى: see مَعْطُوفٌ.

عَطْفَآءُ [as an epithet applied to a شَاة, i. e. sheep or goat,] Having the horn twisted; like عَقْصَآءُ: occurring in a trad. relating to the poor-rate. (TA. [The masc., أَعْطَفُ, I do not find mentioned.]) عِطَافٌ and ↓ مِعْطَفٌ [A garment of either of the kinds called] a رِدَآء (S, O, K) and a طَيْلَسَان, and any garment that is worn like as is the رِدَآء, (TA,) and the former also signifies an إِزَار: (K:) the two words are like إِزَارٌ and مِئْزَرٌ, &c.: and the ردآء is said to be called عطاف because it falls against the two sides of the man's neck, which are termed his عِطْفَانِ: the pl. [of pauc.] of عِطَافٌ is أَعْطِفَةٌ and [of mult.] عُطُفٌ and عُطُوفٌ; (TA;) and عُطْفٌ [also] is a pl. of عِطَافٌ as meaning an إِزَار: (K, TA:) the pl. of ↓ مِعْطَفٌ is مَعَاطِفُ; but As says that he had not heard any sing. of this pl. (O, TA.) b2: Hence, (S, O, TA,) عِطَافٌ signifies also A sword; (S, O, K, TA;) because the Arabs called it [in like manner] رِدَآءٌ [q. v.]; (TA;) and so ↓ مِعْطَفٌ. (K.) b3: And one says, السَّيْفُ عِطَافِى وَإِبَاطِى, meaning I put, or place, the sword upon my side, and beneath my armpit. (TA in art. ابط.) عَطُوفٌ, applied to a bow: see مُعَطَّفَةٌ. b2: Applied to a gaming-arrow, (O, K,) of those used in the game called المَيْسِر, (O,) as also ↓ عَطَّافٌ, That inclines towards, or upon, the other arrows [in the receptacle called the رِبَابَة], and comes forth winning, or before the others: [app. because it is the first upon which the hand falls:] (O, K:) an ex. of the former occurs in a verse of Sakhr-el-Gheí cited in art. خض: (O, TA:) [in the TA, in art. خوض, it is expl. as meaning, in that verse, a borrowed arrow, in the luck of which one has confidence:] or the former, accord. to El-Kutabee, (O,) or each, (K,) signifies the arrow to which is assigned no fine and no gain; (O, K;) it is one of the three أَغْفَال; and is called عطوف because it returns into every رِبَابَة with which one plays; and El-Kutabee says that قِدْحًا عَطُوفَا in the verse of Sakhr is a sing. in a pl. sense: (O:) or, (O, K,) accord. to Skr, (O,) عَطُوفٌ signifies that comes [forth] (يَرِدُ, so in the O, in the copies of the K يُرَدُّ, [which would make this explanation virtually the same as the one immediately following it,]) time after time: or that is repeated, [i. e. repeatedly put into the رِبَابَة and drawn forth from it,] time after time: and ↓ عَطَّافٌ signifies a gaming arrow that turns aside from the places whence the [other] arrows are taken (عَنْ مَآخِذِ القِدَاحِ [for which the CK has على مأخَذِ القِداحِ]), and becomes alone, by itself. (O, K.) b3: Also عَطُوفٌ, (assumed tropical:) One much inclined to favour; or to be affectionate, or kind; and to show mercy or pity or compassion. (O.) (assumed tropical:) A bestower of favour, or bounty; good in disposition; as also ↓ عَاطِفٌ; (TA;) of both of which عُطْفٌ is pl.; (K, TA;) and ↓ عَطَّافٌ also has this meaning, applied to a man: (Lth, TA:) and also this last, and عَطُوفٌ, (assumed tropical:) a man who protects, or defends, those who are defeated, or put to flight. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) A woman loving to her husband, affectionate to her child or children. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) A she-camel that is made to incline to, or affect, (S, O,) or that inclines to, or affects, (so in the copies of the K,) the stuffed skin of a young unweaned camel, [when her young one has died,] and that keeps, or cleaves, to it: (S, O, K:) pl. عُطُفٌ. (TA. [See 1, near the end.]) A2: Also, and ↓ عَاطُوفٌ, A مِصْيَدَة [or snare, trap, gin, or net], (O, K, TA,) so called because (O, TA) having in it a piece of wood that bends, or inclines, (O, K, TA,) in its head: (TA:) also called غَاطُوفٌ. (TA in art. غطف.) عَطِيفٌ (assumed tropical:) A woman having no pride; gentle; very submissive or obedient. (Az, O, K.) عِطَافَةٌ: see مُنْعَطَفٌ: b2: and see what here follows.

عَطِيفَةٌ and ↓ عِطَافَةٌ A bow: pl. عَطَائِفُ. (TA.) عَطَّافٌ: see عَطُوفٌ, in three places. b2: العَطَّافُونَ is like العَكَّارُونَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) They who return to the fight [after fleeing, or wheeling away]. (TA in art. عكر.) عَاطِفٌ A she-gazelle (ظَبْيَةٌ) inclining, or bending, her neck when she lies down on her breast. (S, O, K.) And عَاطِفَةٌ A sheep or goat (شَاة) bending its neck, not by reason of an ailment. (TA.) b2: See also عَطُوفٌ, latter half. b3: and see the explanations of the verse of Aboo-Wejzeh Es-Saadee cited in art. حين. b4: العَاطِفُ is applied to The sixth [in arriving at the goal] of the horses that are started together for a race; (MA, TA, and Ham p. 46;) related as on the authority of El-Muärrij; but Az did not find that those who related this as from him were trustworthy persons, though he was himself trustworthy: (TA:) or the fourth thereof. (Har p. 270.) b5: See also عَطْفٌ.

عَاطِفَةٌ [(assumed tropical:) A bias, or cause of inclining: pl. عَوَاطِفُ]. One says, مَا يَثْنِينِى عَلَيْكَ عَاطِفَةٌ مِنْ رَحِمٍ and قَرَابَةٍ [(assumed tropical:) A bias of relationship does not incline me towards thee; or no bias of relationship inclines me towards thee]. (S, O, TA.) b2: [and hence, as being a cause of inclining,] العَاطِفَةُ signifies [also] Relationship [itself]; or the tie, or ties, thereof; syn. الرَّحِمُ: and epithet in which the quality of a substantive predominates. (TA.) b3: [And] (assumed tropical:) Affection, or kindness; mercy, pity, or compassion. (MA.) عَاطُوفٌ: see عَطُوفٌ, last sentence.

مَعْطِفٌ; and its pl. مَعَاطِفُ: see مُنْعَطَفٌ. [A place of inclining, or bending, of the body; whence,] سَهْلُ المَعْطِفِ and المَعَاطِفِ: see عِطْفٌ: [and a place of flexure, or creasing, of the skin; whence it is said that the pl.] مَعَاطِفُ signifies the places, of the body, that sweat. (TA in art. عرض.) [And A place of doubling, or folding; or a duplicature, or fold, of a garment, or piece of cloth.]

مِعْطَفٌ: see عِطَافٌ, in three places.

مُعَطَّفَةٌ, applied to bows (قِسِىٌّ), is with teshdeed to denote muchness or multiplicity; (S, O, K, TA;) [so that it may signify either Much bent, or, as applied to a number of bows, simply bent: but it is said that] the meaning is, having one of the curved extremities bent towards the other; and so applied to a single bow (قَوْسٌ); as also ↓ عَطُوفٌ. (TA.) b2: And in like manner applied to milch camels (لِقَاحٌ); [meaning (tropical:) Made to incline to, or affect, a young one: for] sometimes, or often, they made a number of she-camels to incline to, or affect, a single young one, (عِدَّةَ ذَوْدٍ ↓ عَطَفُوا عَلَى فَصِيلٍ وَاحِدٍ,) and drew their milk while they were in the condition of doing thus, in order that they might yield it copiously. (S, O, K, TA.) مَعْطُوفٌ [Inclined, or bent: &c.]. b2: قَوْسٌ مَعْطُوفَةٌ An Arabian bow, (IDrd, S, O, K, *) of which the curved extremity is much bent towards it, and which is used for [shooting at] the butts: (IDrd, O, K:) and ↓ قَوْسٌ عَطْفَى signifies the same. (TA.) b3: See also عَطْفٌ, in two places.

مُنْعَطَفٌ A place of inclining, or bending; (S, O, Msb, K;) [as also ↓ مَعْطِفٌ, pl. مَعَاطِفُ;] and so ↓ عِطَافَةٌ: (TA:) you say مُنْعَطَفُ الوَادِى the place of inclining, or bending, of the valley: (S, O, Msb, K:) and الأَوْدِيَةِ ↓ مَعَاطِفُ [the places of inclining, or bending, of the valleys]. (K voce كُسُورٌ.)

عطف: عطف على فلان: في القلائد (ص192):
عمري أبا حسن لقد جئت التي ... عطفت عليك ملامة الإخوان
أي جئت بخمر وجهت إليك ملامة الإخوان.
عطف على: قفز على (فوك).
عطف عليه به: قدم إليه شيئاً. ففي المقري (3: 132: ثم عطف عليها بخبز ولبن).
عطَّف: مسَّح على ضرع الناقة وهو يترنم، وهذا ما يعملونه إذا أرادوا أن تدر لبنها. (زيشر 22: 77، 95 رقم 20).
تعطَّف: تلوّى. (عباد 1: 59، 136 رقم 377، ألف ليلة برسل 3: 337).
تعطَّف عليه بالشيء: قدم إليه شفقة به شيئاً. ففي كتاب ابن عبد الواحد (ص41): فأقاموا هناك أياما يتعطف عليهم بالطعام والشراب.
انعطف إلى: مال إلى. (كوسج طرائف ص78).
ويقال: انعطف عليه أيضاً فقد جاء مثلاً في المنشور الذي أعلنه الحكم الثاني وأوصى فيه بأن يكون صنجيل خليفة له (بسام 1: 24 ق، النويري الأندلس ص473): وخشي أن هجم محتوم ذلك عليه ونزل مقدوره به ولم يرفع لهذه الأمَّة علماً تأوي إليه، وملجأ تنعطف عليه أن يكون الخ.
انعطف على: أحاط ب. ويقال مثلاً: انعطف السوار على المعصم، وانعطف الــنهر على المدينة.
ففي رحلة ابن بطوطة (2: 140): ويدور بها نهر يعطف عليها انعطاف السوار (اقرأ يتعطف وفقاً لما جاء في مخطوطة السيد جاينجوس). وفي عباد (1: 33) أرى أن تقرأ: بذات سوار مثل منعطف الــنهر كما جاء في مخطوطة أ، على الرغم من أن في طبعة باريس التي نشرتها: منعطف البدر.
انعطف على: ثابر في الحصول على شيء. ففي طرائف دي ساسي (1: 263): والقلندري لا ينعطف إلا على طيبة القلوب وهي رأس ماله. أي إنه لا يحاول الحصول على شيء واحد هو طمأنينة القلب وهي رأس ماله.
انعطف: أشفق عليه (لين المعنى الأول) واقرأ بهذا المعنى انعطاف بدل أعطاف في كلام أبي الوليد (ص459 رقم 6).
ويقال انعطف له أيضاً، ففي كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص22 ق): تلطف لعبد السلام المذكور في السراج فكان أمير المؤمنين رضه انعطف له.
انعطف: صار معطوفا، وهو من اصطلاح النحاة. (فوك).
استعطف. استعطف المراحم الرَّبِّيَّة: سأل رحمة الله (بوشر).
عَطْف، وجمعها عطوف وأعْطاف: عقفة، زاوية الــنهر والخليج وهو الموضع الذي يغير فيه اتجاهه فجأة. (معجم الادريسي).
عَطْف: ميل النفس. (بوشر).
عَطْف: مَخْرج، مَهْرب، موضع ملتوّ معد للهروب. (بوشر).
عَطْفَة: دورة، لفّة، منعطف، منحرف. (بوشر، مونج 253).
عطفة زقاق: منعطف الزقاق، زاوية الزقاق ومنحرفه. (بوشر).
عَطْفَة، وجمعها عَطْف: عقفة الــنهر. (برجرن)، عَطْفَة، وجمعها عطوف وعطف وعطفات: زقاق. (دي ساسي عبد اللطيف ص 385، بوشر، همبرت ص186، صفة مصر 28 قسم 2 ص137، 296، ألف ليلة 1: 201،2، 153، 220، 228 وفيه الجمع عَطْف).
عَطْفَة، وجمعها عطف: ممر، طريق، طريق يقطع الحقل من أقصر مسافة (بوشر).
عَطْفَة، وجمعها عُطف درب، زنقة، طريق لا ينفذ، طريق مسدود. (بوشر، صفة مصر 1: 1).
عَطْفَة: حاشية، كفاف، هدب، كبن.
(رولاند) وهو يكتبها عنقة.
سهل العطوفة: لدن، مرن، سهل الليّ، (بوشر).
عاطِف: أنيق، رشيق، رفيق، عطوف (هلو).
عاطفة: رفق، عطف، محبة، حنان: حظوة. (هلو).
مَعطِف. معطف المرفق أو الركبة: تثنية، الموضع الذي ينثني فيه المرفق أو الركبة (بوشر).
مَعْطف المرفق: ثنية الذراع، وهو موضع ضد الكوع. (بوشر).
معطف الركبة: مأبض، باطن الركبة. (بوشر).
مَعْطِف: عريض، فسيح، وسيع، متسع، (فوك، عباد 1: 97 رقم 130).
انْعطاف: عاطفة، ميل النفس الطبيعي (بوشر).
انْعِطاف: انصباب، اندفاق. وتستعمل مجازاً بمعنى إباحة القلب بأسراره ومكاشفته بها ومناجاته. (بوشر).

سعد:
ساعد فلانا: رافقه، صاحبه، عاشره (عباد 1: 300).
ساعد فلاناً: وافقه. طاوعه. تألفه (فوك، عباد 2: 48).
ساعد فلاناً على: فعل نفس فعله. ففي طرائف دي ساسي (2: 42): ولن يفوت الملك أن يسألك عن أمر جبلة ويقع فيه ((فإياك أن تساعده على ذلك)) أي فدع ما يقوله ولا تؤيده ولا تخالفه. وفي كتاب عبد الواحد (ص173).
وساعدني جفن الغمام على البكا ... فلم ادر دمعا أينا كان أسجما
أي أن الغمام سكب الدمع كما سكبته فلم أدر أينا كان أكثر سيلانا للدمع.
ساعد: دارى، صانع، لاطف (المعجم اللاتيني - العربي). ساعد إلى كلامه: أصغى إليه (رتجرز ص183) ساعده إلى مطلبه: استجاب لطلبه (رتجرز ص167).
ساعد: سعد وسُعِد. ففي ألف ليلة (برسل 4: 73)؛ خذ هذا تساعد به، أي تسعد به بمعنى تكون به سعيداً.
أسعد أسعده بالصباح: تمنى لي صباحاً سعيداً (ألف ليلة يرسل 4: 98).
اسعد: وافق، طاوع، مثل ساعد ففي كوسج (طرائف ص41): فسألاني الإسعاد لهما على ذلك. أسعد فلاناً على اتفق معه على (فوك) اسعد فلاناً على: فعل نفس فعله، عاونه على، مثل ساعد. يقال: أسعده على البكاء. واسعد وحدها تدل على نفس المعنى (معجم البلاذري، معجم الطرائف، شرح الزوزني للبيت الأول من معلقة امرئ القيس، كوسج طرائف ص59) تساعد - تساعدوا: تعاونوا (بوشر).
تساعد ب: استعان ب (بوشر).
تساعد: كان سعيداً.
انساعد: خاطر بنفسه، ركب الأخطار، ركب المهالك، (الكالا).
سُعدَى (هذا الضبط بالشكل في معجم المنصوري) وجمعه سُعْدَيات. مثل سعد. وأجود أصنافه السعد الكوفي ويسمى أيضا: سعدى عراقية، ثم السعد المصري. ويوجد منه: سعدى دمشقية وطرسوسية المستعيني، معجم المنصوري، ابن العوام 1: 140) وكتابة الكلمة التي أراد بانكري تغييرها صحيحة يؤديها ما جاء في مخطوطاتنا. ويقول المستعيني أن الاسم الأسباني لها ينجه أي junica وهو مصيب في ذلك. وفي معجم الكالا: Sud de وقد أساء كتابة الكلمة العربية (سعدة) وفيه حرف C ذو الركيزة السفلية بدل حرف C من خطأ الطباعة.
سعدية: قنينة أو دورق (فوك). سعدية: رقاة، خاطّون، ضاربو الرمل، سحرة. وهو مشتق من اسم الشيخ سعد الدين (عوادة ص702).
سعدان وجمعه سعادين: قرد (بوشر، همبرت ص63) وسبوس، ساجو، نوع من قرود أمريكية قصيرة طويلة الذيل (بوشر).
سُعُود: لعل هذا هو صواب الكلمة في معجم بوشر الذي يذكر سعو بمعنى درجة كبيرة من الإتقان.
سعيد: نوع من التمر (دسكرياك ص12).
سعيد النصبة: مهرج، مسخرة، كراكوز (بوشر) سعادة: طوبى، نعمى في الدين (انظر لين وابن جبير ص342) ومنها: أهل السعادة: المسلمون (ألف ليلة 2: 95) ويوم السعادة يوم القيامة. (ابن جبير ص77).
بسعادتك: تحت نظرك، برعايتك، بحظك السعيد (بوشر).
سعادة: كلمة تقال للأكابر تعظيماً لهم (هلو، محيط المحيط) ويقال: سعادتكم أي سموكم وجلالتكم، فمثلاً: سعادة سلطان فرنسا أي جلالة ملك فرنسا، وسعادة الأمير أي سمو الأمير (بوشر).
وفي تاريخ اليمن كان حسن باشا يسمى دائما صاحب السعادة (روتجرز ص139).
دار السعادة: بلاط الملك، مقر الملك مع حاشيته (بوشر).
سعادة: في دمشق اسم قصر نائب السلطان. (الملابس ص8 رقم2) وفي رتجرز (ص130) وتوجهت القصاد بالبشائر بالنصر على الأعداء إلى الأبواب الشريفة السلطانية والى سدة السعادة المراد خانية العثمانية.
سعيدة: سيادة، ولاية، جناب، حضرة.
سعادي. فارس سعادي: فارس سعيد بحصوله على الغنائم (مجلة المشرق والجزائر السلسلة الجديدة 1: 182) سعيدي: تمر ينقع بالماء ويتخذ منه بعصره نوع من الحلوى (هاملتن ص298).
ساعد: يد المغرفة، ففي النويري (مصر 2: 104): وأمر أن يكون للمرأة شيء مثل المغرفة بساعد طويل تتناول به ما تبتاعه من الرجل.
ساعد: يد الكمنجة الآلة الموسيقية (لين عادات 2: 75).
مُسَعّد: عراف، ساحر (الكالا) وفيه: hadador مسئد Musud وأرى أن هذه من خطأ الطباعة. ويجب أن تكتب بوزن الكلمة الأخرى التي ذكرها في هذه المادة وهي مبختّ.
مَسْعُودي: صفة نوع جيد من العسل في مكة (ابن جبير ص120).
مساعدة: قبول، رضى، موافقة (هلو).

سعد

1 سَعِدَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K;) and سُعِدَ; (S, A, Msb, K;) inf. n. of the former, (Msb,) or of the latter, (MA,) or of both, (TA,) سَعْدٌ, (MA, Msb, TA,) and of the former, (MA,) or of both, (TA,) سَعَادَةٌ, (MA, TA,) or this latter is a simple subst.; (Msb;) He (a man, S, A, Msb) was, or became, prosperous, fortunate, happy, or in a state of felicity; (S, MA, Msb, TA;) contr. of شَقِىَ; (S, * Msb, K *) with respect to religion and with respect to worldly things. (Msb.) You say, سَعِدْتُ بِهِ and سُعِدْتُ [I was, or became, prosperous, &c., by means of him, or it]. (A.) In the Kur xi. 110, Ks read سُعِدُوا [instead of the common reading سَعِدُوا]. (S.) [See also سَعَادَةٌ, below.] b2: And سَعَدَ يَوْمُنَا, aor. ـَ inf. n. سُعُودٌ (S, K) and سَعْدٌ, (K,) Our day was, or became, prosperous, fortunate, auspicious, or lucky; (S, K;) [contr. of نَحِسَ; and in like manner the verb is used in relation to a star or an asterism &c.; and] سُعِدَ, inf. n. سَعْدٌ, signifies [likewise] the contr. of نُحِسَ. (Mgh.) [See also سُعُودَةٌ, below.] b3: سَعَدَ المَآءُ فِىالأَرْضِ means The water came upon the land unsought; i. e., came flowing [naturally] upon the surface of the land, not requiring a machine to raise it for the purpose of irrigation. (TA, from a trad.) A2: See also 4, in three places.3 ساعدهُ, (A, L, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَاعَدَةٌ (S, L, Msb) and سِعَادٌ; (L;) and ↓ اسعدهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِسْعَادٌ; (S;) He aided, assisted, or helped, him; syn. of the former عَاوَنَهُ, (S, * L, Msb,) and of the latter أَعَانَهُ: (S, * K:) [like as is said of عَاوَنَهُ and أَعَانَهُ,] both signify the same: or مُسَاعَدَةٌ signifies the aiding, or assisting, or helping, in any manner or case; and is said to be from a man's putting his arm, or hand, upon the سَاعِد [or fore arm] of his companion when they walk together to accomplish some object of want, and aid each other to do a thing: [so that سَاعَدَهُ more properly signifies he aided him, being aided by him: but see سَاعِدٌ:] whereas ↓ إِسْعَادٌ signifies specially a woman's aiding, assisting, or helping, another to wail for a dead person: so says El-Khattábee: and this is what is meant in a trad. in which اسعاد is forbidden. (L.) One says, ساعدهُ عَلَيْهِ [He aided, assisted, or helped him against him, or it, or to do it]: and النَّائِحَةُ الثَّكْلَى ↓ أَسْعَدَتِ The wailing-woman assisted the woman bereft of her child to weep and wail. (A.) Accord. to Fr, [but this is questionable,] the primary signification of مُسَاعَدَةٌ and ↓ إِسْعَادٌ is A man's performing diligently the command and good pleasure of God. (L.) 4 اسعدهُ اللّٰهُ, [inf. n. إِسْعَادٌ,] God rendered him prosperous, fortunate, happy, or in a state of felicity; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ سَعَدَهُ, aor. ـَ (T, Msb, TA;) but the former is the more common. (Msb.) And اسعد اللّٰهُ جَدَّهُ, (A, L,) God made his good fortune to increase; as also ↓ سَعَدَ جَدَّهُ. (L.) And accord. to Az, اسعدهُ اللّٰهُ and ↓ سَعَدَهُ signify God aided, assisted, or helped, him; and accommodated, adapted, or disposed, him to the right course. (L, TA.) See also 3, in four places.5 تسعّد He sought after the plant called سَعْدَان. (K.) 10 استسعد بِهِ He deemed it, or reckoned it, fortunate, auspicious, or lucky. (K.) You say, استسعد بِرُؤْيَةِ فُلَانٍ He deemed, or reckoned, the sight of such a one fortunate, auspicious, or lucky. (S.) b2: He became fortunate by means of him, or it. (MA.) b3: He sought good fortune by means of him, or it. (MA.) b4: [And استسعدهُ He desired, or demanded, his aid or assistance: for] اِسْتِسْعَادٌ also signifies the desiring, or demanding, aid or assistance [of another]. (KL.) سَعْدٌ an inf. n. of سَعِدَ, (Msb,) or of سُعِدَ, (MA,) or of both: (TA:) and of سَعَدَ: (K, TA:) [and also used as a simple subst.:] see سَعَادَةٌ [with which it is syn.]: and see also سُعُودَةٌ [with which it is likewise syn.]; i. q. يُمْنٌ. (S, A.) b2: It is also an inf. n. used as an epithet, i. e. Prosperous, fortunate, auspicious, or lucky, applied to a day, and to a star or an asterism [&c.: so that it may be used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. and pl.: but it is also used as originally an epithet, forming its fem. with ة; and in this case it has for pl. of mult. سُعُودٌ and pl. of pauc.

أَسْعُدٌ]: you say يَوْمٌ سَعْدٌ, as well as يَوْمُ سَعْدٍ [in which it is used as a subst.]; and كَوْكَبٌ سَعْدٌ: and IJ mentions لَيْلَةٌ سَعْدَةٌ, in which سَعْدَةٌ is like جَعْدَةٌ as fem. of جَعْدٌ. (L.) b3: [Hence,] السَّعْدَانِ is an appellation of The two planets Venus and Mercury: like as [the contr.] النَّحْسَانِ is applied to Saturn and Mars. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA in art. نحس.) b4: And [hence, also,] سَعْدٌ is an appellation given to Each of ten asterisms, (S, L, K,) four of which are in the signs of Capricornus and Aquarius, (S, L,) and are Mansions of the Moon: pl. [of mult.] سُعُودٌ (S, L, K) and سُعُدٌ; but the former is the more known, and more agreeable with analogy; and pl. of pauc. أَسْعُدٌ: (L:) they are distinguished by the following names: — سَعْدُ الذَّابِحِ, (S, L, K,) [or سَعْدٌ الذَّابِحُ, see art. ذبح,] Two stars near together, one of which is called الذابح because with it is a small obscure star, almost close to it, and it seems as though the former were about to slaughter it; and الذابح is a little brighter that it; (Ibn-Kunáseh;) they are the two stars α and β] which are in one of the horns of Capricornus; so called because of the small adjacent star, which is said to be the sheep (شاة) of الذابح, which he is about to slaughter; the Twenty-second Mansion of the Moon: (Kzw:) [see also art. ذبح:] b5: سَعْدُ بُلَعَ (S, L, K) Two obscure stars, lying obliquely, of which Aboo-Yahyà says, the Arabs assert that they rose [at dawn] when God said, يَا أَرْضُ ابْلَعِى مَآءَكِ [Kur xi. 46]; and said to be thus called because one of them seems as though about to swallow the other, on account of its nearness to it: (Ibn-Kunáseh:) or three stars [app. ε and μ with the star of the same magnitude next to them on the north] on [or rather near] the left hand of Aquarius; [the Twenty-third Mansion of the Moon:] (Kzw, descr. of Aquarius:) [See also art. بلع:] b6: سَعْدُ السُّعُودِ (S, L, K) Two stars, the most approved of the سُعُود, and therefore thus named, resembling سعد الذابح [app. a mistake for سَعْدُ البَارِعِ, or some other سعد, not of the Mansions of the Moon,] in the time of their [auroral] rising; (Ibn-Kunáseh;) the star β] which is on the left shoulder-joint of Aquarius, together with the star δ] in the tail of Capricornus; [the Twentyfourth Mansion of the Moon:] (Kzw, descr. of Aquarius:) or a certain solitary bright star: (S:) b7: سَعْدُ الأَخْبِيَةِ (S, L, K) [also called الأَخْبِيَةُ and الخِبَآءُ (see خِبَآءٌ in art. خبى)] Three stars, not in the track of the other سُعُود, but declining from it [a little], in, or respecting, which there is a discordance; they are neither very obscure nor very bright; and are thus called because, when they rise [aurorally], the venomous or noxious reptiles of the earth, such as scorpions and serpents, come forth from their holes; (Ibn-Kuná- seh;) [and this observation is just; for this asterism, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, rose aurorally, in Central Arabia, on the 24th of February, O. S., after the end of the cold season: see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل:] or it consists of three stars, like the three stones upon which the cooking-pot is placed, with a fourth below one of them; (S;) the star [g] that is on the right arm, together with the three stars ζ, η, and π,] on the right hand of Aquarius: so called because, when it rises [aurorally], the venomous or noxious reptiles that have hidden themselves beneath the ground by reason of the cold appear: (Kzw, descr. of Aquarius; [in some copies, incorrectly, for “ that have hidden themselves,” &c., “ hide themselves beneath the ground by reason of the cold: ”]) it is said that the سعد is one star, the brightest of four, the other three of which are obscure; and it is [correctly] said to be called thus because, when it rises [aurorally], the venomous or noxious reptiles that are hidden beneath the ground come forth: it is the Twenty-fifth Mansion of the Moon: (Kzw, descr. of the Mansions of the Moon:) b8: the following are the other سعود, which are not Mansions of the Moon: (S, L, K:) b9: سَعْدُ نَاشِرَةَ (S, L, K) [Two stars, situate, accord. to Ideler, as is said in Freytag's Lex., in the tail of Capricornus]: b10: سَعْدُ المَلِكِ (S, L, K) The two stars [a and o?] on the right shoulder of Aquarius: (Kzw:) b11: سَعْدُ البِهَامِ (S, L, K) The two stars ε and θ?] on the head of Pegasus: (Kzw: [but ii. the copies of his work the name is written سَعْدُ البَهَائِمِ:]) b12: سَعْدُ الهُمَامِ (S, L, K) The two stars ζ and 31 ?] on the neck of Pegasus: (Kzw:) سَعْدُ البَارِعِ (S, L, K) The two stars near together μ and and λ?] in the breast of Pegasus: (Kzw:) b13: سَعْدُ مَطَرٍ (S, L, K) The two stars η and ο ?] on the right [or left ?] knee of Pegasus: (Kzw: but there called سَعْدُ المَطَرِ:) b14: each سعد of these six consists of two stars: between every two stars, as viewed by the eye, is [said to be] a distance of a cubit, (ذِرَاع,) (S, L,) or about a cubit; (K;) [but this is not correct;] and they are disposed in regular order. (S, L.) b15: It is also the name of A certain object of idolatrous worship that belonged to the sons of Milkán (S, K) the son of Kináneh, (S,) in a place on the shore of the sea, adjacent to Juddeh. (TA.) A poet says, وَهَلْ سَعْدُ إِلَّا صَخْرَةٌ بِتَنُوفَةٍ

مِنَ الأَرْضِ لَا تَدْعُو لِغَىٍّ وَلَا رُشْدِ [And is Saad aught but a mass of rock in a desert tract of the earth, not inviting to error nor to a right course?]. (S, TA.) Hudheyl is said to have worshipped it in the Time of Ignorance. (TA.) b16: بِنْتُ سَعْدٍ is metonymically used as meaning (tropical:) The virginity, or hymen, of a girl or woman. (TA.) b17: ↓ أَسَعْدٌ أَمْ سُعَيْدٌ, meaning (tropical:) Is it a thing liked or a thing disliked? (S, A, K,) is a prov., (S, A,) which [is said to have] originated from the fact that Saad and So'eyd, [the latter name erroneously written in some copies of the S and K سَعِيد,] the two sons of Dabbeh the son of Udd, went forth (S, K, TA) to seek some camels belonging to them, (TA,) and Saad returned, but So'eyd was lost, and his name became regarded as unlucky: (S, K, TA:) Dabbeh used to say this when he saw a dark object in the night: and hence it is said in allusion to care for one's relation; and in inquiring whether a good or an evil event have happened. (TA.) [The saying may also be rendered, Is it a fortunate thing or a little fortunate thing?] b18: سَعْدَيْكَ, in the saying لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ, signifies Aiding Thee after aiding [i. e. time after time]; syn. إِسْعَادًا لَكَ بَعْدَ إِسْعَادٍ: (ISk, T, S, L, K:) or aiding Thee and then aiding: (Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà, L:) or aiding thy cause after aiding [i. e. time after time]: (T, L:) and hence it is in the dual number: (IAth, L:) El-Jarmee says that it has no sing.; and Fr says the same of it, and also of لَبَّيْكَ: it is in the accus. case as an inf. n. governed by a verb understood. (L.) It occurs in the form of words preceding the recitation of the Opening Chapter of the Kur-án in prayer, لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ وَالخَيْرُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ وَالسَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ [meaning I wait intent upon thy service, or upon obedience to Thee, time after time, and upon aiding thy cause time after time; and good is before Thee, and evil is not imputable to Thee]. (L, TA.) A2: Also The third part of the لَبِنَة [or gore] (K, TA) of a shirt: (TA:) [the dim.] ↓ سُعَيْدٌ signifies the fourth part thereof. (K, TA.) سُعْدٌ and ↓ سُعَادَى A certain kind of perfume, (S, K,) well known: (K:) or the former is pl. of ↓ سُعْدَةٌ, [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which سُعْدَةٌ is the n. un.,] and this last is [the name of] a certain kind of sweet-smelling root; it is a rhizoma (أَرُومَة), round, black, hard, like a knot; which forms an ingredient in perfumes and medicines: (AHn:) and ↓ سُعَادَى is the name of its plant; (Lth, AHn;) and its pl. is سُعَادَيَاتٌ: (AHn:) or the سُعْد is a certain plant having a root (أَصْل) beneath the ground, black, and of sweet odour: and the ↓ سُعَادَى is another plant: (Az:) [in the present day, the former of these two names (سُعْد) is applied to a species of cyperus: a species thereof is termed by Forskål (in his Flora Aegypt. Arab, pp. lx. and 14,) cyperus complanatus; and he writes its Arabic name “ sæad ” and “ sææd: ”] it has a wonderful efficacy applied to ulcers, or sores, that heal with difficulty. (K.) سُعُدٌ A certain sort of dates. (K, TA.) سُعْدَةٌ: see سُعْدٌ [of which it is the n. un.].

دُرُوعٌ سَعْدِيَّةٌ Coats of mail of the fabric of a town called السَّعْدُ. (TA.) سَعْدَانٌ, in which the ن is an augmentative letter, because there is not in the language any word of the measure فَعْلَالٌ except خَزْعَالٌ and قَهْقَارٌ unless it is of the reduplicative class, (S,) A certain plant, (S, K,) growing in the plain, or soft, tracts, (TA,) one of the best kinds of the pastures of camels, (S, K,) as long as it continues fresh; (TA;) having [a head of] prickles, (T, S, K,) called حَسَكَةُ السَّعْدَانِ, (T, S,) to which the nipple [or the areola] of a woman's breast is likened: (S, K: [see سَعْدَانَةٌ, below:]) the Arabs say that the camels that yield the sweetest milk are those that eat this plant: (TA:) and they fatten upon it: (Az, TA:) it is of the kind of plants called أَحْرَار [pl. of حُرٌّ, meaning slender, and succulent or soft or sweet], dust-coloured, and sweet, and eaten by everything that is not large, [as well as by camels,] and it is one of the most wholesome kinds of pasture: (AHn, TA:) it is a herb, or leguminous plant, having a round fruit with a prickly face, which, when it dries, falls upon the ground on its back, and when a person walking treads upon it, the prickles wound his foot: it is one of the best of their pastures in the days of the رِبيع, and sweetens the milk of the camels that feed upon it; for it is sweet as long as it continues fresh; and in this state men such it and eat it: (Az, L:) the n. un. is with ة. (TA.) Hence the prov., مَرْعًى وَلَا كَالسَّعْدَانِ [Pasture, but not like the سعدان]: (S, K:) said of a thing possessing excellence, but surpassed in excellence by another thing; or of a thing that excels other things of the like kind. (TA.) b2: Also The prickles of the palm-tree. (AHn, TA.) سُعْدَانَ, like سُبْحَانَ, is a name for الإِسْعَاد [inf. n. of 4, and, like سبحان, invariable, being put in the accus. case in the manner of an inf. n.]: one says, سُبْحَانَهُ وَسُعْدَانَهُ, meaning أُسَبِّحُهُ وَأُطِيعُهُ [i. e. I declare, or celebrate, or extol, his (i. e. God's) remoteness, or freedom, from every imperfection, or impurity, &c., (see art. سبح,) and I render Him obedience, or aid his cause]. (K, TA.) سَعْدَانَةٌ n. un. of سَعْدَانٌ. (TA.) b2: سَعْدَانَةُ الثَّنْدُوَةِ The nipple of a woman's breast; as being likened to the [head of] prickles of the plant called سَعْدَان, as mentioned above: (S, K:) or سَعْدَانَةُ الثَّدْىِ, i. e. the blackness [or areola] around the nipple: (A:) or the part surrounding the ثَدْى [here meaning nipple], like the whirl of a spindle. (TA.) b3: [Hence likewise,] سَعْدَانَةٌ signifies also The knot of the شِسْع [or appertenance that passes between two of the toes and through the sole] of the sandal, (S, A, K,) beneath, (A, K,) next the ground; (S;) also called رُغْبَانَةٌ. (K in art. رغب.) b4: And The knot beneath the scale of a balance: (K, * TA:) the knots beneath the scale of a balance (S, A) are called its سَعْدَانَات. (A.) b5: And the pl., سَعْدَانَاتٌ, Things in the lower parts of the [tendons, or sinews, called] عُجَايَة, resembling nails (أَظْفَار). (S, K.) b6: Also the sing., The callous protuberance upon the breast of the camel, (S, A, K,) upon which he rests when he lies down: (A, TA:) so called because of its roundness. (TA.) b7: and The anus: (K:) or the sphincter thereof. (TA.) b8: And The part of the vulva of a mare where the veretrum enters. (TA.) A2: Also A pigeon: or السَّعْدَانَةُ is the name of a certain pigeon. (K, *, TA.) سَعِيدٌ, applied to a man, (S, Msb,) Prosperous, fortunate, happy, or in a state of felicity; (T, S, A, Msb, K;) with respect to religion and with respect to worldly things; (Msb;) as also ↓ مَسْعُودٌ: (A, * K:) or the latter signifies, (T, S, Msb,) or signifies also, (K,) and so may the former signify, (T, TA,) rendered prosperous, fortunate, happy, or in a state of felicity, by God; (T, S, Msb, K;) irregularly derived from أَسْعَدَهُ, (S, * K * MF,) or regularly from سَعَدَهُ: (T, Msb:) one should not say مُسْعَدٌ: (S, K:) fem. of the former [and latter] with ة: (TA:) pl. of the former سُعَدَآءُ, (A, Msb, TA,) and, accord. to Lh, سَعِيدُونَ and أَسَاعِدُ; but ISd says, I know not whether he mean [of] the [proper] name or of the epithet; but أَسَاعِدُ as pl. of سَعِيدٌ is anomalous: (TA:) the pl. of ↓ مَسْعُودٌ is [مَسْعُودُونَ and] مَسَاعِيدُ. (A, TA.) A2: Also A نَهْر [i. e. river, or rivulet, or canal of running water,] (K, TA) that irrigates the land in the parts adjacent to it, when it is appropriated thereto: or a small نَهْر: the نَهْر for irrigation of a tract of seed-produce: pl. سُعُدٌ. (TA.) سُعَيْدٌ: see سَعْدٌ, [of which it is the dim.,] in the last quarter of the paragraph, in two places.

سَعَادَةٌ an inf. n. of سَعِدَ (MA, TA) and of سُعِدَ, (TA,) or a simple subst., (Msb,) Prosperity, good fortune, happiness, or felicity, of a man; (S, Msb, K;) contr. of شَقَاوَةٌ; (S, Msb, * K;) with respect to religion and with respect to worldly things: (Msb:) [and so ↓ سَعْدٌ used as a simple subst.:] it is of two kinds; أُخْرَاوِيَّةٌ [relation to the world to come] and دُنْيَاوِيَّةٌ [relating to the present world]: and the latter is of three kinds; نَفْسِيَّةٌ [relating to the soul] and بَدَنِيَّةٌ [relating to the body] and خَارِجِيَّةٌ [relating to external circumstances]. (Er-Rághib, TA in art. شقو.) [See also what next follows.]

سُعُودَةٌ Prosperousness, fortunateness, auspiciousness, or luckiness, (S, L,) of a day, and of a star or an asterism [&c.]; (L;) [as also ↓ سَعْدٌ used as a simple subst.;] contr. of نُحُوسَةٌ. (S, L.) السَّعِيدَةُ A temple to which the Arabs (K, TA) of the tribe of Rabeea (TA) used to perform pilgrimage, (K, TA,) at [Mount] Ohod, in the Time of Ignorance. (TA.) سُعَادَى: see سُعْدٌ, in three places.

سَعِيدِيَّةٌ A sort of garments of the kind called بُرُود, of the fabric of El-Yemen: (S, K:) app. so called in relation to the mountains of BenooSa'eed. (TA.) b2: And حُلَّةٌ سَعِيدِيَّةٌ [A certain kind of dress]: so called in relation to Sa'eed Ibn-El-'Ás, whom, when a boy, or young man, the Prophet clad with a حُلَّة, the kind of which was thence thus named. (Har. p. 596.) سَاعِدٌ The fore arm (ذِرَاع) of a man; (K;) the part of the arm from the wrist to the elbow; (T, L;) or from elbow to the hand: (Mgh, Msb:) so called because it aids the hand in seizing a thing (T, Msb) or taking it (T) and in work: (Msb:) or it signifies, (S,) or signifies also, (Msb,) the upper arm, or upper half of the arm, from the elbow to the shoulder-blade, syn. عَضُدٌ, [q. v.,] (S, Msb,) of a man: (S:) [and in like manner, of a beast, both the fore shank and the arm:] in some one or more of the dialects, the upper of the زَنْدَانِ [which may mean either the upper arm or the radius]; the ذِرَاع being the lower of them [which may mean either the “ fore arm ” or the “ ulna ”]: (L, TA:) of the masc. gender: (Msb:) pl. سَوَاعِدُ. (T, Mgh, Msb, TA.) One says, شَدَّ اللّٰهُ عَلَى سَاعِدِكَ and سَوَاعِدِكُمْ [May God strengthen thy fore arm and aid thee, and your fore arms and aid you]. (A, TA.) b2: and hence, [A kind of armlet;] a thing that is worn upon the fore arm, of iron or brass or gold. (Mgh.) b3: [Hence also,] سَاعِدَا الطَّائِرِ (assumed tropical:) The two wings of the bird. (S, K.) b4: And السَّوَاعِدُ (tropical:) The anterior, or primary, feathers of the wing: so in the phrase, طَائِرٌ شَدِيدُ السَّوَاعِدِ (tropical:) [A bird strong in the anterior, or primary, feathers of the wing]. (A, TA.) b5: Also the sing., (assumed tropical:) A chief, upon whom people rely. (TA.) b6: And the pl., سَوَاعِدُ, (tropical:) The channels in which water runs to a river or small river (نَهْر), (S, A, K,) or to a sea or large river (بَحْر); (AA, S, K;) the sing. said by AA to be سَاعِدٌ, without ة: or this latter signifies a channel in which water runs to a valley, and to a sea or large river (بَحْر): or the channel in which a large river (بَحْر) runs to small rivers (أَنْهَار). (L.) And (tropical:) The places from which issues the water of a well: the channels of the springs thereof. (L.) b7: Also (assumed tropical:) The medullary cavities; the ducts through which runs the marrow in a bone. (S, K.) b8: And (tropical:) The ducts (AA, A, TA) in the udder (A, TA) from which the milk comes (AA, A, TA) to the orifice of the teat; as being likened to the سواعد of the بَحْر: (AA, TA:) the قَصَب of the udder: (As, TA:) or سَاعِدٌ signifies the orifice of a she-camel's teat, from which the milk issues: and سَاعِدُ الدَّرِّ, a duct by which the milk descends to the she-camel's udder: and in like manner سَاعِدٌ signifies a duct that conveys the milk to a woman's breast or nipple. (TA.) b9: أَمْرٌ ذُو سَوَاعِدَ means (tropical:) An affair having several modes, or manners, [in which it may be per-formed,] and several ways of egress therefrom. (A, TA.) سَاعِدَةٌ The bone of the shank. (TA.) b2: and A piece of wood, (K, TA,) set up, (TA,) that holds the pulley. (K, TA.) A2: سَاعِدَةُ is a name of The lion: (S, K:) imperfectly decl., like أُسَامَةُ. (TA.) أَسْعَدُ [More, and most, prosperous or fortunate or happy; an epithet applied to a man:] masc. of سُعْدَى: (S, K:) but IJ says that سُعْدَى as an epithet has not been heard. (TA.) A2: Also A [cracking of the skin, such as is termed] شُقَاق, resembling mange, or scab, that happens to a camel, and in consequence of which he becomes decrepit, (K, TA,) and weak. (TA.) مَسْعُودٌ: see سَعِيدٌ, in two places.

فرس

1 فَرَسَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. فَرْسٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K, &c.,) He (a lion) broke, or crushed so as to break, its neck; (S, A, * Mgh, * O, K;) i. e., the neck of his فَرِيسَة; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ افترسهُ: (S:) this is the primary signification: (S, Mgh, TA:) or he (a beast of prey) seized it, (a thing,) and broke, or crushed so as to break, its neck; as also ↓ افترسهُ: (M:) or he (a lion) broke it; i. e., his فَرِيسَة: (Msb:) and he bruised, or crushed, and broke, it; namely, a thing. (M.) Accord. to ISk, (S,) you say, فَرَس الذِئْبُ الشَّاةَ, (S, TA,) meaning The wolf seized the sheep, or goat, and broke, or crushed so as to break, its neck: (TA:) accord. to En-Nadr (i. e. ISh), you say, أَكَلَ الذِّئْبُ الشَّاةَ [The wolf ate, or devoured, the sheep, or goat], but not ↓ افترسها. (S, O, TA.) b2: Hence, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) He killed it, in any manner; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ افترسهُ: (TA:) or ↓ the latter, he (a lion, O, or a wolf, TA) captured it; or made it his prey. (O, K, TA. See also 2 [where a similar but tropical usage of the former verb is mentioned.]) You say, فَرَسَهُ الأَسَدُ The lion killed him or it. (Mgh.) b3: فَرَسَ الذَّبِيحَةَ, (M, Msb,) aor. ـِ (M,) inf. n. as above, (S, M, Mgh,) He (the slaughterer) broke the bone of the neck of the slaughtered animal before it became cold: (S, Mgh, O:) or broke its neck before its death: (Msb:) or cut, or severed, its نُخَاع [or spinal cord]: or divided its neck: (M, TA:) or slaughtered it so as to reach to the نخاع: (AO, TA:) the action thus [variously] expl. is forbidden. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA.) b4: قَبِيحَةً ↓ فَرَسَهُ فِرْسَةً He struck him [in an abominable manner, app. in the back,] so that the part between his hips became depressed and his navel protruded. (M.) A2: فَرُسَ, aor. ـُ (S, A, O, K,) inf. n. فُرُوسَةٌ (S, A, O, K *) and فَرَاسَةٌ (S, K, * in the O فِرَاسَةٌ) and فُرُوسِيَّةٌ, (S, * A, O, * K, *) all of which ns. are mentioned as syn. by As, (TA,) [as they are also in the S and K,] and the first and last, in like manner, by IAar, (TA,) [but the first is expressly said to be an inf. n. of فَرُسَ in the S and A only, and the second in the S only, and the third (which seems to be rather a simple subst.) in the A only,] He was, or became, skilled in horsemanship, or in the management of horses, (S, A, O, K, TA,) and in riding them, (O, * K, TA,) and in urging them to run, and in remaining firm upon them: (TA:) or فَرَاسَةٌ and فُرُوسَةٌ are inf. ns. having no verb: Lh only [says ISd] mentions فَرَسَ and فَرُسَ as signifying he became a horseman; and this is extr.: (M, TA:) but [beside what has been cited above, from the S and A and K,] IKtt also says that فَرَسَ الخَيْلَ, inf. n. فُرُوسَةٌ and فُرُوسِيَّةٌ, signifies he rode horses well; and in like manner فَرُسَ [but not followed by الخيل]. (TA.) b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, skilled in anything that he endeavoured to do. (TA.) A3: فَرَسَ بِالنَّظَرِ, [and بِنَظَرِهِ, and بِعَيْنِهِ, and فَرَسَ فِى النَّاسِ, (see فَارِسٌ,)] aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. فِرَاسَةٌ and فَرَاسَةٌ, (As, IAar, Msb, TA,) accord. to the citation of the words of As and IAar in the L, but this is at variance with the opinion generally held, [which is, that فَرَاسَةٌ is an inf. n. only of فَرُسَ, signifying as expl. above, and that فِرَاسَةٌ is a subst. from تَفَرُّسٌ, having no proper verb of which it is an inf. n.,] (TA,) is said of a man [in the same sense as تَفَرَّسَ, (q. v.,) as will be seen from the explanations of فِرَاسَةٌ and فَارِسٌ, below]. (Msb.) See 5, latter part, in two places.

A4: فَرِسَ He kept continually, or constantly, to the eating of the dates called فَرَاس. (O, K.) b2: And He pastured upon, or depastured, the plants called فِرْس. (O, K.) 2 فرّس الغَنَمَ, (inf. n. تَفْرِيسٌ, TA,) He (a wild beast) seized often the sheep or goats, or seized many of them, and broke, or crushed so as to break, their necks. (M, TA.) A2: فرّسه الشَّىْءَ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) He exposed to him (namely a wild beast) the thing, [meaning the animal,] that he might seize it, and break, or crush so as to break, its neck: and إَيَّاهُ ↓ أَفْرَسَهُ the threw, or cast, it to him, that he might do so to it: (M:) and الرَّجُلُ الأَسَدَ حِمَارَهُ ↓ أَفْرَسَ the man left his ass to the lion, that he might break his neck, or kill him, or make him his prey, while he himself should escape. (S, K.) El-'Ajjáj uses the former verb in relation to the kind of flies called نُعَر, saying, ضَرْبًا إِذَا صَابَ اليَآفِيخَ احْتَفَرْ فِى الهَامِ دُحْلَانًا يُفَرِّسْنَ النُّعَرْ [A beating which, when it falls upon the tops of heads, digs, in the pates, hollows that afford prey to the blue stinging flies]; meaning, that these wounds are wide, and enable the نعر to obtain thence what they desire. (M.) And one of the poets uses it in relation to human beings, in the following verses, [which exhibit an instance of the license termed إِقْوَآء,] cited by IAar: قَدْ أَرْسَلُونِى قِى الكَوَاعِبِ رَاعِيًا ↓ فَقَدْ وَأَبِى رَاعِى الكَوَاعِبِ أُفْرَسُ أَتَتْهُ ذِئَابٌ لَا يُبَالِينَ رَاعِيًا وَكُنُّ سَوَامًا تَشْتَهِى أَنْ تُفَرَّسَا [They had sent me among the girls with swelling breasts, as a guardian; and, by my father, while guardian of the girls with swelling breasts, or by the father of the guardian of the girls with swelling breasts, I was (lit. I am) made a prey: there came thither wolves not caring for a guardian, and those females were (as) pasturing camels eagerly desiring to be given as prey]: he likens these women to pasturing camels, although differing from them inasmuch as the latter do not eagerly desire to be given as prey, since this would be a cause of their death, whereas women do eagerly desire it, since فَرْسُ الرِّجَالِ لِلنِّسَآءِ [lit. men's making women their prey] is in this case (assumed tropical:) men's holding commerce of love with women: أُفْرَسُ is for فُرِسْتُ; for, as Sb says, they sometimes put أَفْعَلُ in the place of فَعَلْتُ: أَبِى is in the gen. case as governed by وَ denoting swearing; and راعى الكواعب may be a denotative of state relating to the ت [the pronoun of the first person] understood [in أُفْرَسُ for فُرِسْتُ]; or وأبى may be prefixed to راعى الكواعب, governing it in the gen. case, and by the latter expression he may mean himself: by wolves not caring for a guardian, he means wicked men not caring for him who guarded these women: and he uses the word تشتهى to denote intense desire; for if he did not mean intenseness, he would have said تُرِيدُ. (M.) 3 فارسهُ, inf. n. مُفَارَسَةٌ and فِرَاسٌ, (M, TA,) [app., He vied, or contended, with him in horsemanship: this signification seems to be indicated by what immediately precedes in the M, which is, فَرَسَ and فَرُسَ “ he became a horseman: ” but perhaps it may signify he vied, or contended, with him in فِرَاسَة, meaning insight, &c.: or it may have both these significations.]4 افرس He (a pastor) had the neck of one of his sheep, or goats, broken, or had one of them killed, (S, O,) or taken, (K,) by the wolf, (S, O, K,) he being inadvertent. (K.) b2: See also 2, in two places. b3: افرس عَنْ بَقِيَّةِ مَالٍ He left a remainder of property [as a prey], having taken all beside thereof. (AA, O, K.) 5 تفرّس He pretended to others that he was a horseman, or one skilled in horsemanship. (As, O, K.) A2: He acted deliberately, (S, O, K, TA,) and considered, or examined, a thing, or did so repeatedly, in order to know it, or to obtain a clear knowledge of it. (S, * K, * TA.) b2: تفرّس فِيهِ الشَّىْءِ [He perceived in him the thing intuitively; or by a kind of thaumaturgic faculty, and by right opinion and conjecture: or by means of indications, or evidences, and experiments, and the make and dispositions: (see فِرَاسَةٌ, below:) or] he perceived in him the thing by forming a correct opinion from its outward signs; syn. تَوَسَّمَهُ. (M.) You say, تَفَرَّسْتُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا, (S, O,) or الخَيْرَ, (Msb,) [I perceived in him good, or goodness, intuitively; &c.: or] I discovered (تَعَرَّفْتُ) in him good, or goodness, by right opinion. (Msb.) [↓ فَرَسَ بِالنَّظَرِ, and بِنَظَرِهِ, and بِعَيْنِهِ, inf. n. فِرَاسَةٌ and فَرَاسَةٌ, (respecting which, however, see 1, last quarter,) signifies the same as تفرّس; i. e., He perceived, or discerned, the internal, inward, or intrinsic, state, condition, character, or circumstances, by examination of outward indications, &c., and by his eye. And so فِى النَّاسِ ↓ فَرَسَ He saw into the internal, inward, or intrinsic, states, &c., of men. See فِرَاسَةٌ, below.]8 إِفْتَرَسَ see فَرَسَهُ, in five places. Q. Q. 1 فَرْنَسَةٌ [an inf. n. of which the verb is فَرْنَسَتْ, as is shown by the mention of the part. n. مُفَرْنِسَةٌ,] A woman's good managing of the affairs of her house, or tent: (Lth, K, TA:) the ن is augmentative. (TA.) الفُرْسُ: see فَارِسٌ.

فِرْسٌ A species of plant: (Yaakoob, S, M, O, K:) the قَصْقَاص, (O, and so in copies of the K,) or قَضْقَاض, (so in the CK,) [each said to be a name of the أُشْنَان (or kali) of Syria, or of a species of حَمْض, q. v.,] accord. to Abu-l-Meká- rim: (O:) or the حَبْن [q. v.]: or the بَرْوَق [q. v.]: (O, K:) or the [small kind of thorny trees called]

شِرْس. (TA.) فَرَسٌ [A horse; and a mare;] one of what are called خَيْلٌ; (M;) the name فرس is given to it because it crushes and breaks the ground with its hoofs; (A, O; *) and is applied to the male and the female; (S, M, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) but mostly applied to the latter; (M;) the female not being called ↓ فَرَسَةٌ; (S, O;) or the female is [sometimes] thus called: (Yoo, IJ, M, Msb, K:) it is applied also to the Arabian, (Mgh, Msb,) and to the Turkish, (Msb,) or that which is not Arabian: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Mohammad [the Hanafee Imám], to the Arabian only; but for this [says Mtr] I find no authority of a lexicologist, except that ISk, speaking of a solid-hoofed animal, says, “whether it be a بِرْزَوْن or a فَرَس or a بَغْل or a حِمَار: ” (Mgh:) the pl. is أَفْرَاسٌ, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) [a pl. of pauc. but used as a pl. of mult. also,] and أَفْرُسٌ, [a pl. of pauc. only,] (O,) and فُرُوسٌ: (K:) and as فَرَسٌ is originally fem., you say ثَلَاثُ أَفْرَاسٍ when you mean males [as well as when you mean females]: (M:) or you say ثَلَاثَةُ أَفْرَاسٍ, with ة, when you mean males; and ثَلَاثُ أَفْرَاسٍ, without ة, when you mean females: (Msb:) the dim. is فُرَيْسٌ, (S, O, Msb,) when applied to the male; (Msb;) and ↓ فُرَيْسَةٌ, when applied to the female; (S, O, Msb;) agreeably with rule; (Msb;) accord. to Aboo-Bekr Ibn-Es-Sarráj: (S, O:) or ↓ فُرَيْسٌ when applied to the female [also], which is extr. (Sb, M. [See حَرْبٌ.]) b2: هُمَا كَفَرَسَىْ رِهَانٍ [They two are like two horses running for a wager] is a saying applied to two persons running a race to a goal, and being equal: (A, O, K:) the comparison relating to the beginning [of a contest], for the termination necessarily shows which outstrips; (O, K:) and to two who are equal, and two who are nearly equal, in excellence &c. (Har p. 640.) It was said by a man who swore that he would abstain from his wife for four months, and then divorced her: for the period during which a woman may be taken back after a [first or second] divorce is that of three menstruations or three periods of purity from menstruation; and if it ended in this case before the end of the four months during which he swore to abstain from her, she became separated from him by that divorcement: so he likened the two periods to two horses running for a wager. (O, * TA.) b3: فَرَسُ البَحْرِ (assumed tropical:) [The horse of the great river; i. e., of the Nile;] the hippopotamus. (Dmr. [See also عَصْبٌ.]) b4: الفَرَسُ (assumed tropical:) A well-known constellation; so called because of its resemblance in form to a horse; (M;) [i. e.] الفَرَسُ الأَعْظَمُ (assumed tropical:) [The Greater, or Greatest, Horse;] the constellation Pegasus. (Kzw.) b5: قِطْعَةُ الفَرَسِ (assumed tropical:) [The Piece of the Horse;] the constellation Equuleus. (Kzw.) b6: الفَرَسُ التَّامُّ (assumed tropical:) [The Complete horse;] a certain constellation composed of thirty-one stars, in which a portion of the constellation called الفَرَسُ الأَعْظَمُ is included. (Kzw. [It is further described by him; but in a manner that does not enable me to identify it with any of the constellations named by our astronomers.]) الفَرْسَةُ, (IAar, S, M, O, K, TA,) or ↓ الفِرْسَةُ, (M, TA,) the former accord. to A'Obeyd, (M, TA,) or, accord. to A'Obeyd, it is with ص, and the vulgar, he says, pronounce it with س, (O,) Gibbosity [of the back]; syn. الحَدَبُ: (IAar, O, TA:) or, (M, O, K, TA,) as also الفَرْصَةُ, (M, O,) which latter is the more approved in this sense, (M,) the رِيح [or flatus] of gibbosity; (M, O, K, TA;) [i. e.] the ريح that renders gibbous; (M;) as though it were breaking, or crushing so as to break, the back (كَأَنَّهَا تَفْرِسُ الظَّهْرَ أَىْ تَدُقُّهُ), and cleaving it (تَفْرِصُهُ أَىْ تَشُقُّهُ): (O:) [or الفَرْسَةُ signifies the displacement of one of the vertebræ; for,] accord. to As, one says أَصَابَتْهُ فَرْسَةٌ when one of the vertebræ of one's back has become displaced; but the flatus (الرِّيحُ) from which gibbosity results is termed الفَرْصَةُ, with ص: (TA:) or الفَرْسَةُ signifies a flatus that attacks in the neck, and breaks it: (S:) or, as some say, an imposthume, or ulcer, (قَرْحَة,) that is in the neck, breaking it: (M:) or a breach (فُرْجَة) in the neck; thus says Az: or a breach (فرجة) that is in [the case of] gibbosity: the pl. is فَرَسَاتٌ, not أَفْرِسَةٌ, which latter is said to be a pl. of فَرْسَةٌ, but is anomalous. (TA.) فُرْسَةٌ and فُرْصَةٌ; the latter of which is the more approved in both of the following senses; i. q. نَوْبَةٌ [meaning A turn; or time at which, or during which, a thing is, or is to be, done, or had, in succession; as also فُرْزَةٌ: pl. فُرَسٌ]: فُرَسُ الوِرْدِ [the turns, or times, for coming to water in succession] means [the occasions of] persons' being left free to come to water. (M. [See فُرْصَةٌ.]) b2: And i. q. نُهْزَةٌ [meaning An opportunity; a time at which, or during which, a thing may be done, or had]. (IAar, M, O.) So in the phrase أَصَابَ فُرْسَتَهُ [He got, or obtained, his opportunity]. (M.) فِرْسَةٌ [an inf. n. of modality]: see 1, near the middle of the paragraph.

A2: الفِرْسَةُ: see الفَرْسَةُ.

فَرَسَةٌ: see فَرَسٌ, near the beginning.

الفِرْسِنُ, of the camel, is What corresponds to the حَافِر [or hoof] of the horse (S, O, Msb, K) and the like: (S, O, Msb:) or what corresponds to the قَدَم [or foot] of the man: (El-Bári', Msb:) and (assumed tropical:) of the bovine animal in like manner: (IAmb, Msb:) and sometimes (tropical:) of the sheep or goat, (S, O, TA,) for الظِّلْفُ: (TA:) or it is only of the camel: (El-Bári', Msb:) or the extremity of the خُفّ [or foot] of the camel: (M:) of the fem. gender: (IAmb, M, O, Msb, K:) pl. فَرَاسِنُ, (M, Msb,) not فِرْسِنَاتٌ: (M:) it is of the measure فِعْلِنٌ; (S, O;) the ن being augmentative; (Aboo-Bekr Ibn-Es-Sarráj, S, O, Msb, K;) because it is from فَرَسْتُ. (Aboo-Bekr Ibn-EsSarráj, S.) See also art. فرسن.

فَرَاسٌ A sort of black dates; (IAar, O, K;) not the same as the سِهْرِيز (O) or شِهْرِيز. (K.) أَبُو فِرَاسٍ: see الفَارِسُ.

الفَرُوسُ: see الفَارِسُ.

فَرِيسٌ [originally Having the neck broken, or crushed so as to be broken. b2: And hence,] Killed [in any manner: see 1]: pl. فَرْسَى. (K.) It is applied in this sense to a bull, and in like manner [without ة] to a cow. (TA.) b3: And [hence]

↓ فَرِيسَةٌ signifies The prey of a lion [or other beast]: (TA:) an animal that is seized, (M,) and that has its neck broken, (S, M, Msb, *) by a lion [or other beast]; (S, Msb;) as also فَرِيسٌ: (M:) [pl. of the former فَرَائِسُ.] b4: See also مَفْرُوسٌ.

A2: Also A ring, or hoop, of wood, (S, M, O, K,) bent [into that form], and tied, (M, O,) at the end of a rope; (M, O, K;) called in Pers\. جَنْبَر [correctly چَنْبَر]. (S, O, K.) A3: See also فَرِيصُ العُنُقِ, in art. فرص.

فُرَيْسٌ, and with ة; dim. ns.: see فَرَسٌ, near the middle; the former in two places.

فَرَاسَةٌ: see what next follows.

فِرَاسَةٌ a subst. (S, M, O, K) from التَّفَرُّسُ, (O, K, TA,) signifying التَّوَسُّمُ, (TA,) or from تَفَرَّسْتُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا [q. v.], (S,) or from تَفَرَّسَ فِيهِ الشَّىْءَ [q. v.]: (M:) or, as also ↓ فَرَاسَةٌ, [said to be] an inf. n. of فَرَسَ بِالنَّظَرِ: [but see this verb:] (Msb:) فِرَاسَةٌ بِالعَيْنِ [or بِالنَّظَرِ (see 1, last quarter,)] signifies Insight; or intuitive perception; or the perception,. or discernment, of the internal, inward, or intrinsic, state, condition, character, or circumstances, by the eye [or by the examination of outward indications &c.]: (IKtt:) or فِرَاسَةٌ signifies a faculty which God puts into the minds of his favourites, in consequence whereof they know the states, conditions, or circumstances, of certain men, by a kind of what are termed كَرَامَات [or thaumaturgic operations], and by the right direction of opinion and conjecture: and also a kind of art [such as physiognomy, which is especially thus termed in the present day,] learned by indications, or evidences, and by experiments, and by the make and dispositions, whereby one knows the state, conditions, or circumstances, of men: (IAth:) or the discovery of an internal quality in a man by right opinion. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., اِتَّقُوا فِرَاسَةَ المُؤْمِنِ [Beware ye of the insight, &c. of the believer]: (S, M, IKtt, IAth, Msb:) and the reason is added, فَإِنَّهُ يَنْظُرُ بِنُورِ اللّٰه [for he looks with the light of God]. (TA. [See also قُرَابَةٌ.]) فَرِيسَةٌ: see فَرِيسٌ. [It is a subst. formed from the latter by the affix ة.]

فَرَّاسٌ, and الفَرَّاسُ, and أَبُو فَرَّاسٍ: see الفَارِسُ, in four places.

الفِرْنَاسُ: see الفَارِسُ, in two places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The strong and courageous, (En-Nadr, O, K,) of men, as being likened to the lion. (En-Nadr, O, TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) The headman, or chief, of the دَهَاقِين [pl. of دِهْقَانٌ, q. v.], (IKh, O, K,) and of the villages, or towns: (IKh, O:) pl. فَرَانِسَةٌ. (IKh, O, K.) الفِرْنَوْسُ: see الفَارِسُ.

الفُرَانِسُ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

فَارِسٌ act. part. n. of فَرَسَ [q. v.]. b2: الفَارِسُ The lion; [so called because he breaks the neck of his prey;] as also ↓ الفَرُوسُ, [which has an intensive signification,] and ↓ الفَرَّاسُ, (O, K,) which last [also] has an intensive signification, (TA,) and ↓ أَبُو فِرَاسٍ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ أَبُو فَرَّاسٍ, (O,) and ↓ المُفْتَرِسُ, (TA,) and ↓ الفِرْنَاسُ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ الفِرْنَوْسُ, a word of a measure not mentioned by Sb, (IJ, M,) and ↓ الفُرَانِسُ; (K;) or ↓ الفِرْنَاسُ, which is said by IKh to be applied to the lion because he is the chief of the beasts of prey, signifies, (O,) or signifies also, (S,) used as an epithet applied to the lion, (S, * M, * O,) and so ↓ الفُرَانِسُ, (S, * M, O,) the thick-necked, (S, O,) that is wont to break the neck of his prey; or the former of these two, the rapacious lion; (O;) and the ن in these words is augmentative: (Sb, S, M, O:) and you also say ↓ سَبْعٌ فَرَّاسٌ, (M,) or ↓ أَسَدٌ فَرَّاسٌ, (TA,) meaning a rapacious beast, (M,) or lion, (TA,) that often seizes others and breaks their necks. (M, TA.) A2: Also The master, or owner, of a horse; (S, M, K;) a possessive epithet; (M;) like لَابِنٌ (S, O, K) and تَامِرٌ: (S, O:) and a horseman; a rider upon a horse; (ISk, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) and upon a mule; (ISk, A, Mgh, Msb;) and upon an ass: (ISk, Mgh, Msb:) or a rider upon a mule is called فَارِسٌ عَلَى

بَغْلٍ; (ISk, S, O, Msb, K;) or فَارِسُ بَغْلٍ; (A, O;) and a rider upon an ass, فَارِسٌ عَلَى حِمَارٍ; (ISk, S, Mgh, O, Msb;) and a rider upon any solid-hoofed beast, فَارِسٌ عَلَى ذِى حَافِرٍ: (K:) or these phrases are not used: (K:) 'Omárah Ibn-'Akeel Ibn-Bilál Ibn-Jereer says, (S,) or Az, (Msb,) I do not call the owner of the mule, nor the owner of the ass, فَارِسٌ, but I call them بَغَّالٌ and حَمَّارٌ: (S, O, Msb:) [فَارِسٌ is often best rendered a cavalier:] the pl. is فُرْسَانٌ (S, M, Msb) and فَوَارِسُ, which latter is [more usual, but] anomalous, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) for فَوَاعِلُ is [regularly] the measure of the pl. of a sing. of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ, as ضَوَارِبُ, pl. of ضَارِبَةٌ, or of an epithet of the measure فَاعِلٌ applying to a female, as حَوَائِضُ, pl. of حَائِضٌ, or of a sing. of the measure فَاعِلٌ applying to a thing that is not a human being or not a rational being, as بَوَازِلُ, pl. of بَازِلٌ, and حَوَائِطٌ, pl. of حَائِطٌ; and there are no instances like فَوَارِسُ except those of هَوَالِكُ and نَوَاكِسُ [and خَوَالِفُ and some other words enumerated in the Msb and TA]; (S, Msb;) and as فوارس is not applied to females, no ambiguity is feared from its usage: (S, O:) [ISd says,] we have not heard اِمْرَأَةٌ فَارِسَةٌ. (M.) b2: Also, (As,) or فَارِسٌ عَلَى الخَيْلِ, (S,) A man skilful in horsemanship, or in the management of horses. (As, * S.) b3: And hence, the former, (فارس,) (assumed tropical:) A man skilful in anything that he endeavours to do. (TA.) b4: الفَوَارِسُ is the name of (assumed tropical:) Four stars of the constellation Cygnus. (Kzw. See دَجَاجٌ.) A3: رَجُلٌ فَارِسُ النَّظَرِ, (S, O, TA,) and بِنَظَرِهِ, and بِعَيْنِهِ, (As,) A man who acts deliberately, and examines: (S, and so in Hr p. 356:) who possesses فِرَاسَة [i. e. insight, or intuitive perception, &c.]: (O:) or knowing by means of examination. (TA.) and فَارِسٌ فِى النَّاسِ [Seeing into the internal, inward, or intrinsic, states, &c., of men]. (IAar.) A4: فَارِسُ, (S, M, Mgh, K,) or فَارِسٌ, (so in some copies of the K,) [the former if fem., as it is a proper name, the latter if masc.,] A certain nation; (Mgh, Msb;) [namely, the Persians;] i. q. ↓ الفُرْسُ: (S, O, K:) generally fem.: (Msb:) فُرْسٌ is pl. of ↓ فَارِسِىٌّ, which is a rel. n. from فَارِسُ in the sense next following: (M:) [or, rather, فُرْسٌ is a coll. gen. n., and فَارِسِىٌّ is its n. un.] b2: Also, (S, O, but in the K “ or ”) The country of the فُرْس; (S, O, K;) [i. e., Persia;] a country of a certain nation. (M.) فَارِسِىٌّ [Persian: a Persian]: see فَارِسُ. Hence, التَّمْرُ الفَارِسِىُّ A certain sort of dates, (Mgh, Msb,) of good quality. (Msb.) أَفْرَسُ: see مَفْرُوسٌ.

A2: It is also a noun of excess, or a comparative and superlative epithet, from فِرَاسَةٌ, used by Zj, in the phrase أَفْرَسُ النَّاسِ, meaning, The best, (M,) or best and most true, (TA,) in فِرَاسَة, [i. e., insight, or intuitive perception, &c.,] of mankind. (M, TA.) One says also, أَنَا أَفْرَسُ مِنْكَ I am more endowed with mental perception, [or insight, or intuitive perception,] and more knowing, than thou. (TA.) مَفْرُوسٌ Having the back broken: (M, TA:) and so مَفْرُوزٌ. (TA.) b2: And Humpbacked; as also ↓ فَرِيْسٌ, (M, TA,) and ↓ أَفْرَسُ (Fr in TA voce أَعْجَرُ) [and أَفْرَصُ and أَفْرَزُ].

المُفْتَرِسُ: see الفَارِسُ.

مُفَرْنِسَةٌ A woman who manages well the affairs of her house, or tent. (Lth, TA.)

الصَّرَاةُ:
بالفتح، قال الفرّاء: يقال هو الصّرى والصّرى للماء يطول استنقاعه، وقال أبو عمرو:
إذا طال مكثه وتغيّر، وقد صري الماء، بالكسر، وهذه نطفة صراة، وهما نهران ببغداد: الصراة الكبرى والصراة الصغرى، ولا أعرف أنا إلّا واحدة وهو نهر يأخذ من نهر عيسى من عند بلدة يقال لها المحوّل بينها وبين بغداد فرسخ ويسقي ضياع بادوريا ويتفرّع منه أنهار إلى أن يصل إلى بغداد فيمرّ بقنطرة العباس ثمّ قنطرة الصبيبات ثمّ قنطرة رحا البطريق ثمّ القنطرة العتيقة ثمّ القنطرة الجديدة ويصبّ في دجلة، ولم يبق عليه الآن إلّا القنطرة العتيقة والجديدة، يحمل من الصراة نهر يقال له خندق طاهر ابن الحسين أوّله أسفل من فوهة الصراة يدور حول مدينة السلام ممّا يلي الحربية وعليه قنطرة باب الحرب ويصبّ في دجلة أمام باب البصرة من مدينة المنصور، وأمّا أهل الأثر فيقولون: الصراة العظمى حفرها بنو ساسان بعد ما أبادوا النبط، ونسب إليه المحدّثون جعفر بن محمد اليمان المؤدّب المخرّمي ويعرف بالصراتي، حدث عن أبي حذافة، روى عنه محمد بن عبد الله بن عتّاب، قرأت في كتاب المفاوضة لأبي نصر الكاتب قال: لما مات محمد بن داود الأصبهاني صاحب كتاب الزهرة من حبّ أبي الحسن بن جامع الصيدلاني قال بعضهم: رأيت ابن جامع محبوبه واقفا على الصراة ينظر إلى زيادة الماء فيها فقلت له: ما بقي عندك من حبّ أبي بكر بن داود؟ فأنشدني:
وقفت على الصراة، وليس تجري ... معاينها لنقصان الصرات
فلمّا أن ذكرتك فاض دمعي ... فأجراهنّ جري العاصفات
قال نصر: لم أر أحسن من هذين البيتين في معناهما إلّا أن الشّيظمي الشاعر مرّ بدار سيف الدولة بن حمدان فقال:
عجبا لي، وقد مررت بأبوابك ... كيف اهتديت سبل الطريق
أتراني نسيت عهدك فيها؟ ... صدقوا ما لميّت من صديق
وللقضاعي الشاعر:
ويلي على ساكن شاطي الصراة! ... كدّر حبّيه عليّ الحياة
ما تنقضي من عجب فكرتي ... لقصّة قصّر فيها الولاة
ترك المحبّين بلا حاكم، ... لم يجلسوا للعاشقين القضاة
وقد أتاني خبر ساءني ... لقولها في السّرّ: وا سوأتاه
أمثل هذا يبتغي وصلنا! ... أما يرى ذا وجهه في المرأة؟
وهذا معنى حسن ترتاح إليه النفس وتهشّ إليه الروح، وقد قيل في معناه:
مرّت فبثّت في قلوب الورى ... إلى الهوى من مقلتيها الدعاة
فظلّ كلّ النّاس من حسنها ... ودلّها المفرط أسرى عناه
فقلت: يا مولاة مملوكها ... جودي لمن أصبحت أقصى مناه
ومن إذا ما بات في ليلة ... يصيح من حبّك: وا مهجتاه!
فأقبلت تهزأ منّي إلى ... ثلاث حور كنّ معها مشاه
يا أسم! يا فاطم! يا زينب! ... أما رأى ذا وجهه في المرأة؟
ومثله أيضا:
جارية أعجبها حسنها، ... ومثلها في الخلق لم يخلق
أنبأتها أنّي محبّ لها، ... فأقبلت تهزأ من منطقي
والتفتت نحو فتاة لها ... كالرّشإ الأحور في قرطق
قالت لها: قولي لهذا الفتى ... انظر إلى وجهك ثمّ اعشق
وأحسن من هذا كلّه وأجمل وأعلق بالقلب قول أبي نواس وأظنّه السابق إليه:
وقائلة لها في حال نصح: ... علام قتلت هذا المستهاما؟
فكان جوابها في حسن مسّ: ... أأجمع وجه هذا والحراما؟

عدو
فَرَسٌ عَدَوَانٌ: كَثيرُ العَدْوِ. وعَدَا عليه عَدْواً وعُدُوّاً وعَدَاءً وعُدْواناً، واعْتَدى عليه وتَعَدّى: سَواء. والعَدْوى: طَلَبُكَ إلى الوالي الإِعْداءَ على مَنْ ظَلَمَكَ. وما يُعْدِي من الجَرَبِ وغيرِه، وفي الحديث: " لا عَدْوى ".
وعَدَا طَوْرَه وتَعَدّى: تَجَاوَزَ قَدْرَه، ومنه رَأَيْتُهم ما عَدا زَيْداً. وعَدَتْ بَيْنَنا عَوَادٍ: صَرَفَتْ صَوَارِفُ، ويُقال: عَادَتْ، كأنَّها فاعَلَتْ. والعَدَاءُ والعُدَوَاءُ والعادِيَةُ: الشُّغْلُ. والعادِيَةُ: الشَّرُّ والأذى. وعَدَاءُ الطَّريْقِ وعِدَاؤه وعِدْوَتُه وعِدْوُه: ما انْقَادَ مَعَكَ من عُرْضِه.
والعِنْدَأْوَةُ: الْتِوَاءٌ وعَسَرٌ، النُّوْنُ والهَمْزَةُ زائدتانِ. وعَدِّ الهَمَّ عنكَ: اصْرِفهُ ونَحِّه.
ويُجْمَعُ العَدُوُّ على الأعْدَاء، والعِدى والعُدى والعَدِيِّ والعُدَاةِ والعَدَايا والأعادي، وهي عَدُوَّةُ اللهِ، ولا نَظِيْرَ له، كأنَّه أُلحِقَ بِصَدِيْقَةٍ. وعَدْوَانُ: حَيٌّ من قَيْسٍ.
والعُدْوَةُ - بضَمِّ العَيْنِ وكَسْرِها -: صَلاَبَةٌ من شَاطِئِ الوَادي. والنّاحِيَةُ من الأرْض. والعُقْدَةُ لا حَمْضَ بها، وقيل: هي الخُلَّةُ. والعَدَوِيَّةُ: صِغَارُ الشَّجَرِ تَرْعَاه الإِبِلُ. وصِغَارُ سِخَالِ الغَنَم، ويُقال: هي العَذَوِيَّةُ - بالذّال المُعْجَمَة -.
والعِدّى: ما يُجْعَلُ على القَبْر من الصُّخُورْ. والعِدْوُ: حَجَرٌ رَقِيْقٌ واسِعٌ، ويُجْمَعُ على العِدَاء. والعِدَى: كُلُّ خَشَبَةٍ تُجْعَلُ بين خَشَبَتَيْن. ورَجُلٌ عِدَىً، وقَوْمٌ عِدَىً أيضاً: بُعُدٌ عنكَ. وغُرَباءُ أيضاً، ويُقال: قَوْمٌ أعْدَاء، بهذا المعنى. والعِدَى: البُعْدُ نَفْسُه.
وعَادِيَا اللَّوْحِ: طَرَفاه. وأُمُوْرٌ عِدْوَةٌ: بَعيْدَةٌ: وعَدَّيْتُ عَدَاءً: بَعُدْتَ. وعادَيْتُه من كَذا: مَيَّزْتَه.
وَعَدِّ شَيْئاً من إِبِلكَ: اعْزِلْهُ. وعَادى بَيْنَه: وَالى. وتَعَادَوْا: ماتَ بعضُهم في أثر بعضٍ.
ومَكانٌ مُتَعَادٍ: غَيْرُ مُسْتَو، وكأنَّه من العُدَوَاءِ: المَكانِ غيرِ المُسْتَوي. وهو الاناخَةُ القَليلةُ. والأرضُ الصُّلْبَةُ، أيضاً. وإِبلٌ عادِيَةٌ وعَوَادٍ: لا تَرْعى الحَمْضَ. والعَدِيُّ: الجَمَاعَةُ - بِلُغَةِ هُذَيْلٍ -. وهي الرَّجّالَةُ يَتَقَدَّمون الجَيْشَ أيضاً: ولا تَعَدّى من الأمْرِ شيئاً: أي لا تُغْني. والعَوَادِيُّ من الكَرْم: ما يُغْرَسُ في أُصُوْلِ الشَّجَرِ العِظَام الظَّلِيْلَة، ويُنْسَبُ إِليها فيُقال: عَادِيَّةُ العَنَمَةِ والعَرْعَرَةِ، ولا يُسَمّى الحَبَلَةَ. وأعْدَاه على كَذا: أعَانَه. والعِدَى: جَمْعُ العِدَةِ وهي الوَعْدُ، وهذا نادِرٌ من المَقْلُوْب. وعُدَيَّةُ: اسْمُ قَبيلةٍ. وهَضَبَة، أيضاً.
ويُقال: كَتَبَ المُصَدِّقُ عَلَيَّ عَدَاءً كثيراً: أي تَعَدّى الفَريضَةَ وأخَذَ فَوْقَ حَقَّه.
ابنُ الأعْرابيِّ: قالوا مَعْدِي كَرِبَ لأنَّه عَدِيُّ الفَسَادِ، والكَرِبُ: الفسادُ. فأمّا قَوْلُ ابنِ مُقْبِل:
مَعْدى القِلادَةِ من رَبْوٍ ولا بُهُرِ
فأرادَ به: إلاّ القِلادَةَ، وكأنَّه: ما عَدا القِلادَةَ، فأدْرَجَ الألفَ. وشَيْءٌ عادِيٌّ: قَدِيْمٌ، كالمجْدِ وغيرِه.

(ع د و) : (الْعَدْوُ) السُّرْعَةُ وَفَرَسٌ عَدَّاءٌ عَلَى فَعَّالٍ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ الْعَدَّاءُ الَّذِي كَتَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْكِتَابَ الْمَشْهُورَ وَهُوَ «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذَا مَا اشْتَرَى الْعَدَّاءُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ هَوْذَةَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ عَبْدًا أَوْ أَمَةً شَكَّ الرَّاوِي لَا دَاءَ
وَلَا غَائِلَةَ وَلَا خِبْثَةَ» بَيْعَ الْمُسْلِمِ لِلْمُسْلِمِ قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ الْمُشْتَرِي الْعَدَّاءُ لَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - هَكَذَا قَرَأْتُهُ فِي الْفَائِقِ وَهَكَذَا أُثْبِتَ فِي مُشْكِلِ الْآثَارِ وَنَفْيِ الِارْتِيَابِ وَمُعْجَمِ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ وَمَعْرِفَة الصَّحَابَةِ لِابْنِ مَنْدَهْ وَمَعْرِفَةِ الصَّحَابَةِ لِلدَّغُولِيِّ وَهَكَذَا فِي الْفِرْدَوْسِ أَيْضًا بِطُرُقٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَفِي شُرُوط الْخَصَّافِ وَشُرُوطِ الطَّحَاوِيِّ بِتَعْلِيقِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الرَّازِيِّ أَنَّ الْمُشْتَرِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَتَابَعَهُمَا فِي ذَلِكَ الْحَاكِمُ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ وَالْأَوَّلُ هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِمَّا رَوَيْتُ وَرَأَيْتُ وَلَا عَيْبَ وَلَا لَفْظَةُ فِيهِ (قَالُوا) الدَّاءُ كُلُّ عَيْبٍ بَاطِنٍ ظَهَرَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ أَوْ لَا وَهُوَ مِثْلُ وَجَعِ الطِّحَالِ وَالْكَبِدِ وَالسُّعَالِ وَكَذَا وَكَذَا وَالْجُذَامِ وَهُوَ مَا يَبْدُو فِي الْأَعْضَاءِ مِنْ الْقُرُوحِ وَالْبَرَصِ وَهُوَ الْبَيَاضُ فِي ظَاهِرِ الْجِلْدِ وَرِيحِ الرَّحِمِ وَهِيَ عَلَى مَا زَعَمَ الْأَطِبَّاءُ مَادَّةٌ نَفَّاخَةٌ فِيهَا بِسَبَبِ اجْتِمَاعِ الرُّطُوبَاتِ اللَّزِجَةِ (وَالْغَائِلَةُ) الْإِبَاقُ وَالْفُجُورُ (وَالْخِبْثَةُ) أَنْ يَكُونَ مَسْبِيًّا مِنْ قَوْمٍ لَهُمْ عَهْدٌ (وَالْكَيَّةُ) لَيْسَتْ بِدَاءٍ وَلَا غَائِلَةٍ وَلَكِنَّهَا عَيْبٌ (وَعَدَاهُ) جَاوَزَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) اتَّجِرْ فِي الْبَزِّ وَلَا تَعْدُ إلَى غَيْرِهِ أَيْ لَا تُجَاوِزْ الْبَزَّ (وَعَدَا عَلَيْهِ) جَاوَزَ الْحَدَّ فِي الظُّلْمِ عَدْوًا وَعَدَاءً بِالْفَتْحِ وَالْمَدِّ (وَمِنْهُ) وَصْفُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - السَّبُعَ بِالْعَدَّاءِ فَقَالَ السَّبُعُ الْعَادِيُّ (وَفِي حَدِيثِ) عُثْمَانَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا قَالَ لَهُ إنَّ بَنِي عَمِّكَ عَدَوْا عَلَى إبِلِي (وَاسْتَعْدَى) فُلَانٌ الْأَمِيرَ عَلَى مَنْ ظَلَمَهُ أَيْ اسْتَعَانَ بِهِ فَأَعْدَاهُ عَلَيْهِ أَيْ أَعَانَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَنَصَرَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) فَمَنْ رَجُلٌ يُعْدِينِي أَيْ يَنْصُرُنِي وَيُعِينُنِي (وَالِاسْتِعْدَاءُ) طَلَبُ الْمَعُونَةِ وَالِانْتِقَامِ وَالْمَعُونَةُ نَفْسُهَا أَيْضًا (وَمِنْهَا) قَوْلُهُ رَجُلٌ ادَّعَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ عِنْدَ الْقَاضِي وَأَرَادَ عَنْهُ عَدْوَى أَيْ عَنْ الْقَاضِي نُصْرَةً وَمَعُونَةً عَلَى إحْضَارِ الْخَصْمِ فَإِنَّهُ يُعْدِيهِ أَيْ يَسْمَعُ كَلَامَهُ وَيَأْمُرُ بِإِحْضَارِ خَصْمِهِ وَكَذَا مَا رُوِيَ أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ اسْتَعْدَتْ فَأَعْطَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - هَدَبَةً مِنْ ثَوْبِهِ كَهَيْئَةِ الْعَدْوَى أَيْ كَمَا يُعْطِي الْقَاضِي الْخَاتَمَ أَوْ الطِّينَةَ لِتَكُونَ عَلَامَةً فِي إحْضَارِ الْمَطْلُوبِ
وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - وَلَوْ سُبِيَتْ امْرَأَةٌ بِالْمَشْرِقِ فَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَغْرِبِ اسْتِعْدَاؤُهَا مَا لَمْ تَدْخُلْ دَارَ الْحَرْبِ فَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ.

عدو: عدا إلى أو في، عدا إليه أو فيه المرض: أعداه بالدواء والمرض. انتقل إليه المرض، وأصابه بالعدوى (بوشر).
عدا: أخفق، خاب نقص، أعوز، ففي الحديث عن أحد السقاة مثلاً: لم يَعْدُ المُنى، أي لم يخفق في تحقيق مناه. (المقري 1: 662) وأنظر تعليقة فليشر على هذه العبارة (بريشت من 216) حيث نجد فيه أمثلة مثل: لا عَدَى حَظَّك إقبال. أي لا ينقص النجاح حظّك. ويقال في الكلام عن الدراهم: عداه طالِبٌ. أي أخفق في أن يجد له طالباً. وأضيف إلى ذلك ما جاء في كليلة ودمنة (ص30): ما عدوتَ الذي في نفسي. أي لم تجاوز ما أراه فيك، يعني لم تكذب رأيي في عقلك وحكمتك وفي الأغاني (ص51): ما عدا صِفتَي وصفةُ (وصِفَةَ) ابن سريج. يريد أن يقول أن أمير المؤمنين لم يخطئ في التمييز بين موهبتي وموهبة ابن سريج.
وفي الكامل (ص119): فلما نهض (عبد الله بن يزيد أبو خالد القسري قال له عبد الملك يوما ما مالك؟ فلم يخبره) فقيل له: هلا خبرته بمقدار مالك؟ فقال: لم يَعْدُ أن يكون قليلاً فيحرقني أو كثيراً فيحسدني. أي لم يجاوز أن يكون قليلاً فيحقرني أو كثير فيحسدني.
عدا على: اجتاح، طغى على. يقال عدا الرمل على (معجم الادريسي).
عدا على فلان ب: اغتنم الفرصة ليغيضه ويهينه ب (تاريخ البربر 1: 431).
عَدَّى: عبر (بوشر) ويقال مثلاً عدّى الــنهر.
ففي الادريسي (الباب الخامس الفصل الرابع): بعد تعدية نهر. وفيه: وهو نهر كبير يعدى بالقوارب. ومنه قيل: مركب تعدية= معدية أي معبر (معجم ابن جبير).
عَدَّى الحدود: تجاوز الحد، تعدّى (بوشر) وحاول عبور نهر، ففي ملّر (نصوص من ابن الخطيب 1863، 2: 85).
ولما التقى الجمعان فرّ فراره ... ولكنهّ عَدَّى فقيده الــنهُر
عَدَّى على: مرّ من مكان وجاوز (بوشر).
عدَّى: ارتد، انعكس، أرتد من نقطة إلى أخرى.
ويقال عَّدى من والي: ارتده، ورُد ودفع من جسم إلى آخر. (بوشر).
عَدَّى: انصرف، جاوز، حاد عن، ترك، تخلَّى من، غادر، هجر، وكان علي لين (مادة عدا) أن لا يشك في عبارة المصباح. (انظر معجم مسلم).
عَدَّى عن: كفّ عن، تخلَّى عن، تحوّل عن، ترك، انفصل عن. تنازل عن حقه، أفلت، أهمل، عدل عن، أقلع عن، (بوشر).
عَدَّى عن: ترك، أغفل، أهمل، حذف، أسقط. ومرّ، قطع، عبر، جاز، انتقل. ولم يتكلم عن (بوشر).
عَدَّى: أفسد ما بين الأصدقاء الذين كانوا يعيشون في سلام وصفاء. (فوك، الكالا).
عَدَّى: انتكر، رفض، جحد ولم يوافق، وسخط، غضب، اغتاظ، تنازع (الكالا).
مُعَدِّى: مضاد، معاكس، مخالف، معاد، خصم، عدوّ. (فوك).
أعدى: (انظر معجم مسلم) غير أن هناك كثير مما يقال عن كتابة هذه الكلمة ومعنى البيت الذي نقل فيه. وقال السيد دي غويه إنه يترجم الآن الفعل أعدى بما معناه: نقل إلى، أوصل، وابلغ، أخبر، أفاد.
تَعَدَّى: لمعرفة استعمال هذا الفعل انظر رحلة ابن بطوطة (1: 35) ففيها: كانوا يظنوُّن أن القضاء لا يتعداه. أي لا يتجاوزه ليصبح قاضياً.
تَعَدىَّ: في ويجرز (ص20) حيث الكلام عن شعر ابن زيدون: لا تَعَدَّى به الرؤساء والملوك. ولم يفهم الناشر هذه الجملة. وهي تعني كما يقول دي ساسي في جريدة الجنوب: قد خصّ شعره بالأمراء والملوك لا يتجاوزهم إلى غيرهم.
تعدَّى: جاب، طاف، ساح، (هلو).
تعدَّى: اجتاز، جاز، قطع، عبر. (ابن بطوطة 1: 50).
تعدَّى إلى فلان ب: قدم له شيئاً. أهدى له شيئاً. (عباد 1: 313).
تعدّى: اختلف معه. (فوك، الكالا).
انعدى. انعدى من فلان: انتقل إليه المرض منه، انتقلت إليه العدوى منه. (بوشر).
ويقال أيضاً: انعدى من مرض أحد.
انعداء. عدوى، انتقال المرض من شخص إلى آخر. (هلو).
اعتدى على: اجتاح، اكتسح، يقال: اعتدت الرمال على. (معجم الادريسي).
اعتدا: في المعجم اللاتيني العربي contagium عِلّة واعْترا وتدنس. غير أني أرى أن الصواب اعتدا.
اعتدى: بمعنى استعدى أي استعان واستنصر. (المقري 2: 247) وانظر: إضافات.
أستعدي: ويقال أيضاً: استعدى بفلان: استعان به واستنصره. (المقري 2: 358).
عَدْو: سفْلِس، زهري (شيرب).
عَدْوَة: فسرت في ديوان الهذليين (ص13).
البيت الخامس. بحَمْلة كجِرْية السيل. وفي (ص224) منها: عَدْوَتي وعادتي وغارتي واحد.
عَدْوَة: عدوى، ومرض ذو عدوة: مرض معدٍ (بوشر).
عَدَّوَة، وعِدْوة، في معجم فوك: بَرَ عِدْوَة وبر العِدْوَة أي جانب الوادي، وليس عَدْوَة كما في معجم فريتاج.
عَدْوَة: ذكرت في ديوان الهذليين (ص139 البيت الثاني).
عِدْوِى: ما وراء (فوك). وعِدْوِي نسبة إلى عِدْوة في قولهم بَرّ العِدْوة أي ما وراء البحر وهو الذي يصدر من شمال إفريقية. ويذكر الكالا، صُوف عدْوِى: صوف بني مرين (مرينوس) وضائنة الصوف العدوى: الغنم التي يجز منها هذا الصوف، وكان الأسبان قد استوردوا هذا النوع الجيد من الغنم من أفريقية. ولا تزال هذه الأغنام موجودة عند كثير من قبائل الجزائر. وقد سمي باسم قبيلة بني مرين التي تسكن الآن في أرباض تلمسان. (انظر: دفيك ص162 مادة مرينوس).
ولا تزال كلمة صوف عدوى مستعملة في تطوان وتعني عندهم مرينوس أي صوف بني مرين فيما يقول ليرشندي.
عُدْوان: اعتداء، تعدّ (بوشر).
عُدوان: انظر باين سميث (1205) تجد فيه: العدوان مع فرم خزائن وغيرها. والعدوان مع الافاريز، الاستدارات، الاسطامات .. الخ.
عَدَاويّ: عُدْواني. عِدائي (بوشر).
عَدَاوِية: عدوّ. وهي كلمة عامية (المقدمة 3: 369).
عَدَّاء: شديد الظلم، شديد البغي (الأغاني ص41= بدرون ص252).
عادية: رغبة في إلحاق الضرر بشخص، وإصابته بأذى. (معجم الادريسي).
تَعْدِيَة: تعدّ، تطاول، اغتصاب، أخذ الشيء غصباً وقسراً (بوشر).
تَعْدِيَة: بعنف، وتعدّى الشريعة ومخالفتها (بوشر).
تعدية الأوامر: خروج على القانون. نقض العقد أو الاتفاق (بوشر).
تعدية: عُدوان، عداوة، عمل عدواني (بوشر).
تعدية في الحرب: هجوم، مهاجمة (بوشر).
مُعْدٍ. ربان زورق ينقل الناس ويعبرهم من ضفة إلى أخرى (ألف ليلة 2: 574).
مَعْدِيَة وجمعها معاد قارب، مركب، صندل كبير أو صغير، يستخدم لعبور الناس والحيوانات، مُعْدِيّة. (مملوك 2، 1: 156).
معدية: طوْف، رمث (مملوك (2، 1: 156) مَعْدِيَة: قارب، مركب صغير، سفينة نقل. سفينة كبيرة لنقل البريد. (بوشر).
مَعْدِيَة: مخاضة، مجازة، معبر. (صفة مصر 11: 184، ديسكرياك ص259).
مَعْدَاويّ: نوتي، ربان زورق. (بوشر).

عدو

1 عَدَاهُ, (Mgh, K,) first Pers\. عَدَوْتُهُ, (Msb,) aor. ـْ (Mgh, Msb,) [inf. n. عَدْوٌ,] He passed from it, (Mgh, Msb, K,) namely, a thing, or an affair, (K,) to another, (Mgh, Msb,) and left it; (K;) and عَدَا عَنْهُ signifies the same; (K;) as also ↓ تعدّاه; (S, * K;) and in like manner one says, ↓ عَدَّيْتُهُ, inf. n. تَعْدِيَةٌ; (Msb;) [but I do not find this elsewhere, and think that correctly one should say, عَنْهُ ↓ عَدَّيْتُ; agreeably with what here follows:] the saying عَنْ هٰذَا ↓ عَدِّ means Leave thou this, and turn from it to another; and is app. from the phrase هَمَّكَ ↓ عَدِّ

إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Turn thy anxiety to other than him, or it]; the objective complement being altogether left out, so that the verb becomes as though it were intrans.; and there are many instances similar to this in the language: (Har p. 478:) one says, عَنِّى الهَمَّ ↓ عَدَّيْتُ I turned away from me anxiety: and [hence] you say to him who has pursued you, عَنِّى إِلَى غَيْرِى ↓ عَدِّ, meaning Turn thou the beast upon which thou art riding towards other than me: (TA:) and عَمَّا تَرَى ↓ عَدِّ, meaning Turn thou thine eye from what thou seest. (S.) [See an ex. of the first of these verbs in the Ham p. 125.] One says also, عَدَاهُ الأَمْرُ and ↓ تعدّاهُ The thing, or affair, passed from him. (TA. [See an ex. in the first paragraph of art. عدم.]) And the Arabs say, إِنَّ الجَرَبَ لَيَعْدُو, meaning Verily the mange, or scab, passes from him that has it to him that is near to him so that the latter becomes mangy, or scabby. (Msb.) And مَا عَدَا فُلَانٌ أَنْ صَنَعَ [app. meaning Such a one did not leave, or, accord. to an explanation of the verb in a similar phrase in Har p. 333, did not delay, his doing such a thing]. (S.) Accord. to Er-Rághib, العَدْوُ primarily signifies Transition; [whence what here precedes;] or the going, or passing, beyond, or the exceeding, a limit, or the usual limit: and incompatibility to coalesce. (TA.) b2: And [hence,] عَدَاهُ, aor. as above, [inf. n. عَدْوٌ,] He went, or passed, beyond it; exceeded it; or transgressed it. (S, TA. *) So in the saying عَدَا طَوْرَهُ [He went, or passed, beyond his proper limit; exceeded it; or transgressed it]: and in like manner, الحَقَّ ↓ تعدّى and ↓ اعتداهُ signify He went, or passed, beyond, &c., what was true, or right; and so عَنِ الحَقِّ, and فَوْقَ الحَقِّ. (TA.) أَمَا عَدَا مَنْ بَدَا, a saying in which the vulgar erroneously omit the interrogative أ, means Does not he transgress that which is right who begins by acting injuriously? (TA.) And it is said عَدَا القَارِصُ فَحَرَزَ (tropical:) What was biting to the tongue attained to an excessive degree, so that it became acid: meaning that the affair, or case, became distressing. (S in art. قرص.) b3: And عَدَا عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. عَدْوٌ and عَدَآءٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and عُدُوٌّ (S, Msb, K) and عُدْوَانٌ (ISd, Msb, K) and عِدْوَانٌ (ISd, K) and عُدْوَى; (K;) and ↓ تعدّى, and ↓ اعتدى; (S, Msb, K;) He acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically, against him; (S, Msb, K;) and transgressed against him, or exceeded the proper limit against him: (S, Msb:) [and he acted aggressively against him; agreeably with an explanation of the inf. n. of the last of these verbs in what follows: (see an ex. in a verse cited voce رِيحٌ:)] or he acted with excessive wrongfulness, &c., against him: (Mgh:) and ↓ اعدى signifies the same as the other verbs here mentioned; (K, TA;) whence (TA) one says, فِى مَنْطِقِكَ ↓ أَعْدَيْتَ Thou hast deviated from that which is right in thy speech: (S, TA:) ↓ الاِعْتِدَآءُ is the exceeding what is right; and it is sometimes in the way of aggression; and sometimes in the way of requital; and instances of the usage of its verb in both of these manners occur in the Kur ii. 190: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the first and third of the inf. ns. of عَدَا, mentioned above, occur in the Kur vi.108 accord. to different readings: (S, TA:) and [it is said that] العُدْوَانُ signifies sheer, or unmixed, wrongful or unjust or injurious or tyrannical conduct: (S:) or, as some say, the worst of [such conduct, i. e., of] الاِعْتِدَآء, in strength, or deed, or state or condition. (TA.) b4: And عَدَا عَلَيْهِ He acted corruptly towards him. (TA.) b5: And عُدِىَ عَلَيْهِ He had his property stolen, and was wronged. (TA.) And عَدَا عَلَى القُمَاشِ, inf. n. عَدَآءٌ [said in the TA to be like سَحَابٌ, but in the CK عَدًا,] and عُدْوَانٌ and عَدَوَانٌ, (K, TA,) but in the M written with damm and fet-h [i. e. عُدْوَان and عَدْوَان], (TA,) said of a thief, He stole the قماش [meaning goods, or utensils and furniture]. (K, TA.) And عَدَا فِى ظَهْرِهِ He stole what was behind him: (A in art. ظهر:) [or he acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind him: for] لِصٌّ عَادِى ظَهْرٍ is expl. by the words عَدَا فِى ظَهْرٍ فَسَرَقَهُ [so that it app. meansA thief who has acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind one, and stolen it]. (O and K in that art.) b6: And عَدَا عَلَيْهِ, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَدْوٌ, (TA,) signifies also He leaped upon him, or it. (K, TA.) b7: And عَدَا, (K,) or عَدَا فِى

مَشْيِهِ, (Msb,) aor. ـْ (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَدْوٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and عَدًا and عُدُوٌّ and عَدَوَانٌ and تَعْدَآءٌ, (K,) signifies أَحْضَرَ [i. e. He ran; or rose in his running]; (S, * K, TA;) said of a man and of a horse: (TA:) or he went a pace nearly the same as that termed هَرْوَلَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) not so quick, (TA,) or which is not so quick, (Msb,) as that termed جَرْىٌ: (Msb, TA:) or he went a pace less quick than شَدٌّ and more so than مَشْىٌ: (TA in art. سعى:) or [he went quickly, or swiftly; for] العَدْوُ signifies السُّرْعَةُ: (Mgh:) [or rather he ran, whether gently or moderately or vehemently: that it often signifies he ran vehemently is shown by the prov. مِنْ سُلَيْكٍ ↓ أَعْدَى

More vehement in running than Suleyk, who is said to have outstripped fleet horses; and by numerous exs.:] and ↓ عّى signifies the same as عَدَا, denoting a quick pace. (TA in art. هبص.) b8: And [hence, perhaps,] عَدَا المَآءُ, aor. ـْ (assumed tropical:) The water ran. (TA.) A2: عَدَاهُ عَنِ الأَمْرِ, (S, K,) inf. n. عَدْوٌ and عُدْوَانٌ; as also ↓ عدّاهُ; (K;) signifies He, or it, diverted him; or turned him away, or back; (S, K;) and occupied him so as to divert him; (K;) from the thing, or affair. (S, K.) You say, عَدَتْ عَوَادٍ. (S, TA. See عَادِيَةٌ, voce عُدَوَآءُ: and see also the last sentence of the first paragraph of art. عود.) b2: عَدَانِى مِنْهُ شَرٌّ means بَلَغَنِى [i. e., app., Evil, or mischief, reached me from him, or it]. (TA. [See a signi-fication of 4.]) A3: عَدِيتُ لَهُ signifies I hated him, or it. (ISd, K.) A4: عَدَا is also a verb by which one makes an exception, with مَا [preceding it] and without مَا: (S, K:) you say, جَآءَنِى القَوْمُ مَا عَدَا زَيْدًا [The people, or party, came to me, except Zeyd]; and جَاؤُونِى عَدَا زَيْدًا [which means the like]; putting what follows it in the accus. case; the agent being implied in it: (S: [see this expl. in what has been said of خَلَا as used in the same manner:]) accord. to MF, it is a verb when what follows it is put in the accus. case; and when what follows it is put in the gen. case, it is a particle, by common consent: (TA: [and the like is said in the Mughnee; i. e., that it is similar to خَلَا in respect of the explanations there given of the different usages of this latter; but that Sb did not know it to have been used otherwise than as having the quality of a verb:]) one says, رَأَيْتُهُمْ عَدَا أَخَاكَ and مَا عَدَاهُ, meaning مَا خَلَا [i. e. I saw them, except thy brother]: and sometimes it governs the gen. case without ما: thus in the M: Az says, [as though regarding it as only a particle,] when you suppress [ما], you make it to govern the accus. case as meaning إِلَّا and you make it to govern the gen. case as meaning سِوَى. (TA.2 عداهٌ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَعْدِيَةٌ, (K,) He made him, or it, to pass [from a thing, or an affair, to another: see 1, first sentence]: (S, K:) and he made it to pass through, and go beyond; syn. أَنْفَذَهُ. (K.) b2: Hence تَعْدِيَةُ الفِعْلِ, a phrase of the grammarians, [generally meaning (assumed tropical:) The making the verb transitive,] as in خَرَجَ زَيْدٌ فَأَخْرَجْتُهُ [Zeyd went forth and I made him to go forth]. (TA.) b3: See also 1, first quarter, in seven places: b4: and again, in the latter half, in two places.3 عاداهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. مُعَادَاةٌ, (S, K, TA,) [He treated him, or regarded him, with enmity, or hostility:] the verb in this phrase is that of which the epithet is عَدُوٌّ, and the subst. is عَدَاوَةٌ. (K, TA.) [It is perhaps from one of the three phrases next following]. b2: عادى الشَّىْءَ signifies He was, or became, distant, or aloof, from the thing; or he made the thing to be, or become, distant, or aloof; syn. بَاعَدَهُ. (TA.) And you say, فُلَانٌ لَا يُعَادِينِى وَلَا يُوَادِينِى, meaning لَا يُجَافِينِى وَلَا يُوَاتِينِى [app. Such a one will not make me to be, or become, remote, or aloof, from him, nor will he comply with me: but لَا يُوَادِينِى properly signifies he will not take from me the دِيَة, or bloodwit]. (TA.) And عَادِ رِجْلَكَ عَنِ الأَرْضِ Draw away thy leg, or foot, from the ground. (TA.) And عَادَى الأَدَاةَ عَنِ البَعِيرِ He raised [partially] the furniture (consisting of the saddle and saddle-cloth) from contact with the camel [so as to render it bearable by him]. (ISh, TA in art. غلق.) b3: عادى شَعَرَهُ He took [somewhat] from his hair: or he raised it, (K, TA,) in washing it: or he neglected it, and did not oil it, or anoint it: or he subjected it time after time to the purification termed وُضُوع, and to washing. (TA.) b4: عادى الوِسَادَةَ He folded the pillow. (TA.) b5: عادى القِدْرَ He lowered one of the three stones upon which the cooking-pot rested, in order that it (the pot) might incline upon the fire. (TA.) b6: عادى بَيْنَ الصَّيْدَينِ, (S, * K,) inf. n. عِدَآءٌ (S, K) and مُعَادَاةٌ, (K,) He made a succession, of one to the other, between the two animals of the chase, (S, K,) by throwing down one of them immediately after the other, (S,) in one طَلَق [or heat]. (S, K.) Imra-el-Keys says, [describing a horse,] فَعَادَى عِدَآءً بَيْنَ ثَوْرٍ وَنَعْجَةٍ

دِرَاكًا وَلَمْ يَنْضَحْ بِمَآءٍ فَيُغْسَلِ [And he made a succession, of one to the other, between a wild bull and a wild cow, by running down one after the other in a single heat, overtaking uninterruptedly, and not breaking out with water (i. e. sweat) so as to become suffused therewith]. (S. [See EM p. 49.]) In like manner also المُعَادَاةُ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ means The piercing, or thrusting, two men, one after the other, uninterruptedly. (TA.) b7: And عَادَيْتُهُ [sometimes] signifies I vied, or contended, with him in running; i. q. حَاضَرْتُهُ, from الحُضْرُ. (A in art. حضر.) 4 اعدى الأَمْرَ He passed from, or beyond, another, to the thing, or affair: so in the K. (TA.) But in the M it is said, اعداهُ الدَّآءُ signifies The disease passed from another to him. (TA.) And one says أَعْدَى فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا مِنْ خُلُقِهِ, or مِنْ عِلَّةٍ بِهِ, or جَرَبٍ, (S, TA,) i. e. Such a one made somewhat of his natural disposition, or of a disease, or malady, that was in him, or of mange, or scab, to pass [from him] to such a one; [or infected him therewith; (see two exs., in a verse and a hemistich, cited in the first paragraph of art. جنى;)] and اعداهُ بِهِ signifies the same: and اعدى صَاحِبَهُ He made his companion to acquire the like of what was in him. (TA.) And يُعْدِى is said of the mange, or scab, &c., meaning It passes from him that has it to another; (S, K;) and in like manner one says of a disease, ↓ يتعدّى: (Nh, TA:) but it is said in an explanation of a trad., لَا يُعْدِى شَىْءٌ شَيْئًا [i. e. A thing (meaning disease) does not pass by its own agency to a thing]. (S, TA.) [Therefore] one says, of the mange, or scab, [or the like,] اعداهُ اللّٰهُ God made it to pass from him that had it to one that was near to him, so that he became affected therewith. (Msb.) b2: One says also, of a man, قَدْ أَعْدَى النَّاسَ بِشَرٍّ He has made evil, or mischief, to cleave to men. (TA.) A2: See also 1, near the middle, in two places.

A3: اعداهُ عَلَيْهِ He aided, or assisted, him, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and strengthened him, (K,) against him; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and avenged him of him; (S, Msb;) namely, one who had wronged him. (S, Mgh, Msb.) and اعداهُ He (a judge) heard his accusation against another, and commanded to bring his adversary. (Mgh.) A4: اعداهُ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) namely, a horse, (S, TA,) and also a man, (TA,) [He made him to run, whether gently or moderately or vehemently: or, as sometimes used,] he made him, (K, TA,) or desired him, (S,) to go the pace termed حُضْر: (S, K, TA:) or he made him to go a pace nearly the same as that termed هَرْوَلَة, (Msb, TA,) not so quick, (TA,) or which is not so quick, (Msb,) as that termed جَرْى: (Msb, TA: [see 1, latter half:]) and ↓ استعداهُ signifies the same. (S.) 5 تَعَدَّوَ see 1, first quarter, in two places: and see 4. b2: [Hence تعدّى said of a verb, It was, or became, transitive.] b3: تعدّى الحَقَّ: and تعدّى

عَلَيْهِ: see 1, second quarter, in two places.

A2: تَعَدَّوْا They found milk, (K, TA,) which they drank, (TA,) and it rendered them in no need of wine: (K, TA:) so in the copies of the K; but correctly, of flesh-meat, as in the M. (TA.) b2: And They found pasturage for their cattle, and it rendered them in no need of purchasing fodder. (K, * TA.) A3: And تعدّى مَهْرَ فُلَانَةَ He took, or received, the dowry, or bridal gift, of such a woman. (K.) 6 تعادى القَوْمُ The people, or party, became affected, [or infected,] or smitten, (S, TA,) one with the disease of another, or one with the like of the disease of another: (S:) or died, one after another, (S, TA,) in one month, and in one year. (TA.) And تعادت الإِبِلُ The camels died in great numbers. (TA.) b2: And تعادى القَوْمُ عَلَىَّ بِنَصْرِهِمْ The people, or party, came upon me consecutively with their aid, or assistance. (TA.) b3: One says also, تعادى القَوْمُ (S, K) from العَدَاوَةُ (S) meaning The people, or party, treated, or regarded, one another with enmity, or hostility. (K.) b4: And تعادى مَا بَيْنَهُمْ (S, K) The case, or affair, that was between them became in a bad, or corrupt, state, (S,) or complicated, intricate, or confused, so as to be a subject of disagreement, or difference, between them. (K.) b5: And تعادى المَكَانُ The place was, or became, dissimilar in its several parts; and uneven. (TA.) and [hence] one says, بِعُنُقِى وَجَعٌ مِنْ تَعَادِى الوِسَادِ مِنَ المَكَانِ المُتَعَادِى i. e. [In my neck is a pain from the unevenness of the pillow from] the uneven place. (TA.) b6: And تعادى He, or it, was, or became, distant, remote, far off, or aloof, (S, * K, * TA,) عَنْهُ from him, or it. (S, TA.) A2: تعادوا They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in going the pace termed العَدْو [meaning in running]. (K, TA.) 8 إِعْتَدَوَ see 1, second quarter, in three places. b2: الاِعْتِدَآءُ in supplication [to God] is The exceeding the limits of the [Prophet's] rule, or usage, that has been transmitted from generation to generation. (TA.) 10 الاِسْتِعْدَآءُ signifies The asking, or demanding, of aid, or assistance, (Mgh, Msb,) and of vengeance, or avengement, (Mgh,) and of strengthening: (Msb:) and also the act of aiding, or assisting. (Mgh.) You say, استعداهُ He asked, or demanded, of him (i. e. the prince, or governor, or commander, S, Mgh, Msb) aid, or assistance, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) عَلَيْهِ against him, (S, Mgh, Msb,) namely, one who wronged him: (Mgh, Msb:) [or,] accord. to El-Khuwárezmee (who derives it from العَدِىُّ signifying الرَّجَّالَةُ الَّذِينَ يَعْدُونَ), استعدى [or استعدى القَاضِىَ] means he asked, or demanded, of the judge, that he should make his foot-messengers to run in quest of his antagonist and to bring him, for the purpose of exacting from him his right, or due. (De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, sec. ed., iii. 100. [and an explanation similar to this, but not a similar derivation, is indicated in the Mgh by an explanation of أَعْدَاهُ, q. v.]) b2: See also 4, last sentence.

عَدَا, as a verb, or a preposition, or both, denoting an exception: see 1, last sentence.

عَدْوٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.] b2: فَعَلَ كَذَا عَدْوًا بَدْوًا means He did thus openly, or publicly. (TA.) عِدْوٌ: see عِدًى: b2: and see also عَدَآءٌ.

عَدًى [or عَدًا]: see عُدْوَةٌ, in two places: and عَادٍ, last sentence.

عُدًى: see the next paragraph.

A2: [It is also a pl. of عَدُوٌّ, q. v.]

عِدًى The stones of a grave; as also ↓ عُدًى: (KL:) [i. e.] the broad stones with which the [oblong excavation called] لَحْد is covered over: (AA, TA:) or a thin stone with which a thing is concealed, or covered over; as also ↓ عِدَآءٌ; (K, TA;) the latter written in [a copy of] the M ↓ عَدَاءٌ, like سَحَابٌ; but [the former explanation seems to be the more correct, for] it is added in the K that one thereof is termed ↓ عِدْوٌ; and accord. to this, the word expl. above [or each of the two words expl. above] is a pl. (TA. [See also عِدْوَةٌ.]) b2: And Any piece of wood that is put between two [other] pieces of wood. (K, * TA.) A2: See also عُدْوَةٌ, in two places: and عَادٍ, last sentence: b2: and عُدَوَآءُ: b3: and عَدَآءٌ.

A3: [It is also a pl. of عَدُوٌّ, which see in two places.

A4: ] And عِدَى is used as a prefixed n. for عِدَة as syn. with وَعْد. (Fr; S and L in art. وعد, q. v.) عَدْوَةٌ [inf. n. un. of عَدَا: pl. عَدَوَاتٌ. b2: Hence the saying, السُّلْطَانُ ذُو عَدَوَاتٍ وَذُو بَدَوَاتٍ, expl. voce بَدَآءٌ, in art. بدو. See another reading of this saying voce عَدَوَانٌ.] b3: [Hence also,] one says, لَهُ عَدْوَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ He has a vehement run of the kind termed عَدْو, inf. n. of عَدَا. (Msb) b4: عَدْوَةُ الأَمَدِ means The extent of the eyesight. (TA.) And one says, هُوَ مِنِّى عَدْوَةَ القَوْسِ [app. meaning He, or it, is at the distance of a bowshot from me]. (TA.) A2: See also عُدْوَةٌ. b2: عَدَايَا is used in poetry as a pl. of عدوة [app. عَدْوَةٌ, but in what sense is not shown]. (TA.) عُدْوَةٌ and ↓ عِدْوَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of the dial. of Kureysh and the latter of the dial. of Keys, (Msb,) and ↓ عَدْوَةٌ, (K,) all mentioned by ISd, (TA,) The side of a valley; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عِدًى; (K;) which last likewise signifies [absolutely] a side, or lateral part or portion; and so ↓ عَدًى; (K, TA; [see both voce عَادٍ, last sentence;]) thus in the M; (TA;) and the pl. is أَعْدَآءٌ; (K, TA;) or this last signifies [particularly] the sides of a valley, and so do ↓ عِدًى and ↓ عَدًى: (TA:) the pl. of عُدْوَةٌ and ↓ عِدْوَةٌ is عِدَآءٌ and [of عُدْوَةٌ] عُدَيَاتٌ also. (S.) b2: And عُدْوَةٌ signifies also An elevated place; and so ↓ عِدْوَةٌ: (AA, S, K:) pl. [as above, i. e. of both] عِدَآءٌ and [of the former] عُدَيَاتٌ [also]. (K. [In some copies of the K, the latter pl. is written عَدَيَاتٌ; in the CK عُدْياتٌ; but it is correctly عُدَيَاتٌ, as above, thus in my copies of the S; and perhaps عِدَيَاتٌ may also be a pl., i. e. of عِدْوَةٌ, being thus written accord. to the TA in copies of the S.]) b3: And A place far extending: (K, TA:) mentioned by ISd. (TA.) b4: See also عَدَآءٌ. b5: [Reiske, as stated by Freytag, has expl. عُدْوَةٌ as signifying “ Atrium, impluvium domus: ” but this the former has app. done from his having found عدوة erroneously written for عَذِرَة.]

A2: عُدْوَةٌ signifies also The kind of plants, or herbage, termed خُلَّة; i. e., in which is sweetness. (TA.) عِدْوَةٌ: see عُدْوَةٌ, in three places: b2: and see also عَدَآءٌ. b3: [Freytag states, as from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, that, accord. to some, it signifies A stone with which a grave, or a well, is covered: and that the pl. is ↓ عَدَآءٌ: this latter, if correct, is a quasi-pl. n.: but perhaps it is correctly عِدَآءٌ: see عِدًى, first sentence.]

A2: أُمُور عِدْوَة [app. أُمُورٌ عِدْوَةٌ, or perhaps أُمُورُ عِدْوَةٍ,] signifies Remote affairs. (TA.) عَدْوَى Mange, or scab, or other disease, that passes, or is transitive, from one to another; (S, K, TA;) a transitive disease; and such is said to be the جَرَب, and the بَرَص, and the رَمَد, and the حَصْبَة, and the جُذَام, and the وَبَآء, and the جُدَرِىّ. (Kull p. 259.) You say, لَا تُقَرِّبْهُ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّ بِهِ عَدْوَى Do not thou bring him near to him, for in him is a disease such as the mange, or scab, that is transitive from one to another. (TK.) b2: And The transition of the mange, or scab, or other disease, from him that has it to another: (S, K, TA, TK:) the subst. from يَعْدُو said of the mange, or scab, expl. above, as meaning “ it passes ” &c. (Msb. [See 1, first quarter.]) It is said in a trad., لَا عَدْوَى, i. e. لَا يُعْدِى شَىْءٌ شَيْئًا [A thing (meaning disease) does not pass by its own agency to a thing]; (S;) or [lit.] there is no transition of the mange, or scab, or other disease, from him that has it to another. (TK.) b3: And i. q. فَسَادٌ [i. e. Badness, corruptness, unsoundness, &c.]. (K, TA. [In the CK erroneously written in this sense عُدْوٰى; which, however, being an inf. n. of عَدَا in the phrase عَدَا عَلَيْهِ, q. v., may be correctly used as having the same, or nearly the same, meaning.]) So in the saying, ?? [In him, or it, is badness, &c.]. (TK.) A2: A(??) A demand that one makes upon a prefect, or governor, [or judge,] to aid, or assist, him against him who has wronged him, i. e. to inflict penal retribution on him, (IF, S, Msb,) for his wrongdoing to him. (IF, Msb.) b2: and Aid, or assistance, against a wrongdoer, (S, Mgh, TA,) required of a judge, for the bringing into his presence the antagonist: and also applied to a signet, or a [sealed] piece of clay, given by the judge as a token to denote the summoning of him whose presence is required. (Mgh.) عُدَوَآءُ (S, K) and ↓ عَادِيَةٌ and ↓ عَدَآءٌ (K) Distance, or remoteness, (S, K, TA,) as also ↓ عِدًى, (Ham p. 377,) [or particularly] of a house, or an abode, or a dwelling. (S, TA.) [Hence,] one says, طَالَتْ عُدَوَاؤُهُمْ Their distance, or remoteness, one from another, and their separation, was, or became, long. (TA.) b2: Also (i. e. the first and ↓ second and ↓ third words) Occupation, or business, that turns one away, or back, from a thing: (K, TA:) or عُدَوَآءُ signifies a custom, or habit, of occupation or business: (TA:) and عُدَوَآءُ الشُّغْلِ, the hindrances, or impediments, of occupation or business: (S, TA:) and one says, جِئْتَنِى وَأَنَا فِى عُدَوَآءَ عَنْكَ i. e. [Thou camest to me when I was engaged] in an occupation that diverted [me from thee]: (so in one of my copies of the S:) the pl. of ↓ عَادِيَةٌ is عَوَادٍ: (TA:) عَوَادِى الدَّهْرِ means the accidents, or casualties, of time or fortune, that divert [or intervene as obstacles] by occupying or busying: (S:) and you say, عَوَادِ ↓ عَدَتْ, [lit.] meaning Things, or events, turning away, or back, turned, or have turned, away, or back; [but this phrase, when followed by دُونَ or بَيْنَ, I would rather render, simply, obstacles occurred, or have occurred;] (S, TA;) thus in the latter of two verses cited voce حَبَّ. (S.) b3: عُدَوَآءُ الدَّهْرِ means The shifting, and varying, of time or fortune. (TA.) b4: and عُدَوَآءُ الشَّوْقِ What has severely affected, distressed, or afflicted, its sufferer, of the yearning, or longing, of the soul, or of longing desire. (TA.) b5: And عُدَوَآءُ signifies also A مَرْكَب [i. e. beast, or saddle, or thing on which one rides,] that is not easy: (K:) or, accord. to As, a place where he who sits thereon is not in a state of ease: and one says, جِئْتُ عَلَى مَرْكَبٍ ذِى عُدَوَآءَ i. e. [I came upon a beast, or saddle, &c.,] that was not easy: (S:) and جِئْتُكَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ ذِى عُدَوَآءَ, the last word imperfectly decl., i. e. [I came to thee upon a horse] that was not easy: (TA:) and جَلَسَ عَلَى عُدَوَآءَ He sat upon an uneven thing or place; (M, TA;) the last word imperfectly decl., as is said by ISd. (TA.) b6: Also Dry, hard, land; (K, TA;) sometimes occurring in a well when it is dug; and sometimes it is stone, from which the digger turns aside: and one says, أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ عُدَوَآءَ, meaning land that is not even, or plain; not easy to walk or ride or lie upon: or, as some say, it means a rough, rugged, place: or an elevated place upon which the camel lies down and then reclines thereon upon his side, having by his side a depressed place, which causes him to tend downwards, in consequence whereof he becomes in the state termed تَوَهُّنٌ, [weak, or languid, and unable to rise,] i. e. in the condition of extending his body towards the low place while his legs are upon the عُدَوَآء, which is the elevated, so that he is unable to rise, and dies. (TA.) A2: And [it is said that] العُدَوَآءُ also signifies اناخة قليلة [app. إِنَاخَةٌ قَلِيلَةٌ, meaning A little, or brief, making of a camel to lie down upon the breast, as is done on the occasions of mounting and dismounting &c.]. (TA.) عُدْوِىٌّ and عُدَوِىٌّ [are rel. ns. of which only the fem. forms are mentioned, in what here follows]. عُدْوِيَّةٌ and عُدَوِيَّةٌ are rel. ns. of عُدْوَةٌ as meaning “ the kind of plants, or herbage, termed خُلَّة,” the former reg. and the latter irreg.; and عَوَادٍ [pl. of ↓ عَادٍ or of عَادِيَةٌ] is a possessive epithet [from the same], without the relative ى: [all are app. applied to camels, as meaning Having for their pasture the plants, or herbage, called عُدْوَة, above mentioned: but it is immediately added,] and عُدْوِيَّةٌ and عُدَوِيَّةٌ applied to camels signify that pasture upon the [plants called] حَمْض: (TA:) and ↓ عَادِيَةٌ and [the pl.] عَوَادٍ, so applied, have this latter meaning accord. to the M and K: but accord. to the S, they are applied to camels as meaning abiding among the [trees called] عِضَاه, not quitting them, and not pasturing upon the حَمْض; and so is [the pl.] عَادِيَاتٌ. (TA in another portion of this art.) [See also عَاذِيَةٌ, in art. عذو.]

عِدَوِىٌّ, being a rel. n. of عِدَةٌ, see in art. وعد.

عَدَوِيَّةٌ The herbage of the صَيْف [q. v., here app. meaning spring], after the departure of the رَبِيع [q. v., here app. meaning winter]: (S, K:) it is applied to the young trees which then become green and are depastured by the camels: (S:) or, as some say, the [plants, or herbage, called] رَبْل [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: And The young ones of sheep or goats. (K.) b3: And Female infants [of the age] of forty days; (K, TA; [in the CK, نَبات is erroneously put for بَنَات;]) but when their [hair termed] عَقِيقَة has been cut off, this appel-lation is no longer applied to them: so says Lth; but Az pronounces him to have erred: (TA:) or it is with غ (K, TA) and ذ, both dotted, or only the former of them dotted, and one of them is called غَدِىٌّ [or غَدَوِىٌّ, or غَذِىٌّ or غَذَوِىٌّ]: thus in the M, and thus accord. to Az. (TA.) عُدْوَانٌ [expl. in the S as signifying Sheer or unmixed, wrongful or unjust or injurious or tyrannical conduct,] is an inf. n. of عَدَا in the phrase عَدَا عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]; (ISd, Msb, K;) as also عِدْوَانٌ. (ISd, K.) عَدَوَانٌ, applied to a wolf, (S, K,) means يَعْدُو عَلَى النَّاسِ [i. e. That acts aggressively against men]; (S, TA;) i. q. ↓ عَادٍ [app. in this sense], (K, TA,) which occurs in a trad. applied to a beast of prey, (TA,) an epithet applied to a beast of prey by the Prophet: (Mgh:) one says سَبُعٌ عَادٍ and سِبَاعٌ عَادِيَةٌ. (Msb.) [In the S, immediately after the words يَعْدُو عَلَى النَّاسِ, it is added, and hence their saying, السُّلْطَانُ ذُو عَدَوَانٍ وَذُو بَدَوَانٍ; and thus I find the saying cited as from the S in arts. عدو and بدو of the PS: but I think that عَدَوَانٍ and بَدَوَانٍ, here, are mistranscriptions for عَدَوَاتٍ and بَدَوَاتٍ, as I find them written in my copies of the S and TA in the arts. above mentioned: see عَدْوَةٌ, above; and see بَدَآءٌ in art. بدو, where it seems to be clearly shown that بَدَوَاتٍ is correct, as pl. of بَدَاةٌ.] b2: Also, (S, K, and Ham p. 81,) and ↓ عَدَّآءٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K, and Ham ubi suprà,) That runs vehemently, or much; (S, Mgh, Msb, K; *) i. q. شَدِيدُ العَدْوِ, (S, TA,) or كَثِيرُ العَدْوِ; (Ham;) applied to a horse: (Mgh, and Ham:) [and to a man:] الشَّدِيدَةُ, in the K, is a mistake for الشَّدِيدُهُ, meaning الشَّدِيدُ العَدْوِ. (TA.) عَدَآءٌ an inf. n. of عَدَا in the phrase عَدَا عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: And, as also ↓ عِدَآءٌ, A single طَلَق [or heat; i. e., a single run, at once, to a goal, or limit]; (K, TA;) of a horse. (TA.) A2: And عَدَآءُ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ, (S, K,) as also ↓ عِدَاهُ, (K, TA,) [the latter written in the CK عِداؤُهُ, but] the former is with the lengthened ا and the latter with the shortened ا, (TA,) and ↓ عِدْوُهُ and ↓ عِدْوَتُهُ and ↓ عُدْوَتُهُ, (K,) signify طَوَارُهُ, (S, K,) i. e. [The equal, of anything, in breadth and length; or] what is coextensive with anything in its breadth and its length. (S, TA.) One says, لَزِمْتُ عَدَآءَ الطَّرِيقِ, or الــنَّهْرِ, or الجَبَلِ, meaning طَوَارَهُ [i. e. I kept to the tract coextensive in its breadth and its length with the road, or the river, or the mountain]. (TA.) A3: See also عُدَوَآءُ, first and third sentences.

A4: And see عِدًى, and عِدْوَةٌ.

عِدَآءٌ: see the next preceding paragraph: A2: and see also عِدًى.

عَدُوٌّ And enemy, contr. of وَلِىٌّ, (S,) or of صَدِيقٌ, (K,) or of صَدِيقٌ مُوَالٍ; (Msb;) an epithet, but resembling a subst.: (S:) [and (like our word “ enemy ” in military parlance) a hostile party: for] it is used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem.; (Msb, K;) as is said in the “ Muk-tasar el-' Eyn: ” (Msb:) but sometimes it is dualized and pluralized and feminized: (K:) the pl. is أَعْدَآءٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and the pl. of أَعْدَآءٌ is أَعَادٍ; (Msb, K; *) and عِدًى and عُدًى are also pls. of عَدُوٌّ; (S, Msb, K; [each improperly termed in the K اِسْمُ جَمْعٍ; for فِعَلٌ and فُعَلٌ are measures of pls., not of quasi-pl. ns.;]) the former said by ISk to be the only pl. of this measure among epithets; (S, Msb; *) and عُدَاةٌ, with damm and with ة, is another pl.; (Th, S, Msb;) and is pl. of ↓ عَادٍ, (K, TA,) which is syn. with عَدُوٌّ; (S, K, TA;) as in the saying of a woman of the Arabs, أَشْمَتَ رَبُّ العَالَمِينَ عَادِيَكَ [May the Lord of the beings of the universe make thy enemy to rejoice at thy affliction]: (S, TA:) the fem. form of عَدُوٌّ is عَدُوَّةٌ, (S, Msb,) which is said by Az to be used when the meaning of an epithet is intended: (Msb:) it is said by ISk, (S, TA,) and in the “ Bari',” (Msb,) that there is no instance of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of فَاعِلٌ but its fem. is without ة, except عَدُوَّةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) in the phrase هٰذِهِ عَدُوَّةٌ اللّٰهِ [This woman is the enemy of God]: accord. to Fr, عَدُوَّةٌ has the affix ة to assimilate it to صَدِيقَةٌ; for a word is sometimes formed to accord with its contr.: (S, TA:) Az says that he heard certain of the tribe of 'Okeyl say, [of some women,] هُنَّ وَلِيَّاتُ اللّٰهِ and عَدُوَّاتُ اللّٰهِ and أًوْلِيَاؤُهُ and أَعْدَاؤُهُ [i. e. They are the friends of God and the enemies of God]. (Msb.) [The pl.] عِدًى signifies also Persons distant, or remote, one from another: (ISd, K, TA:) and (K) strangers, or foreigners: (ISk, S, K, TA:) and such as are distant, or remote, in respect of relationship; or not relations: (TA:) as well as enemies: (M, TA:) كَالأَعْدَآءِ, which is added in the K after وَالغُرَبَآءُ, should be وَالأَعْدَآءُ. (TA.) عَدِىٌّ is a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] of عَادٍ, q. v. (S, TA.) عَدَاوَةٌ Enmity, or hostility; (S, K, TA;) like مُعَادَاةٌ [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (TA.) عَدَّآءٌ: see عَدَوَانٌ, last sentence.

عَادٍ [act. part. n. of عَدَا, q. v. b2: As such particularly signifying] Acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; transgressing, or exceeding the proper limit: (Msb, TA:) pl. عَادُونَ. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا أَشْمَتَ اللّٰهُ بِكَ عَادِيَكَ i. e. [May God not make to rejoice at thy affliction] him who acts wrongfully to thee. (TA.) [And hence the phrase لِصٌّ عَادِى ظَهْرٍ, expl. in art. ظهر.] See also عَدَوَانٌ. And see عَدُوٌّ, with which it is syn. b3: Also Seizing, or carrying off, by force; or snatching at unawares. (TA.) and العَادِى signifies [particularly] The lion; (K, TA;) because of his injuriousness, and his seizing men and making them his prey. (TA.) b4: ↓ عَدِىٌّ is a pl. of عَادٍ, [or rather a quasi-pl. n.,] like as غَزِىٌّ is of غَازٍ; as such signifying Runners upon their feet: (S, TA:) or a company of men, (K, TA,) in the dial. of Hudheyl, (TA,) that run to the fight (K, TA) and the like: (TA:) or the first, of the footmen, [or foot-soldiers,] that charge, or assault; (K, TA;) because they run quickly: (TA:) like عَادِيَةٌ, (K, TA,) of which the pl. is عَوَادٍ, (TA,) in both senses: or this signifies the horsemen; (K, TA;) i. e. the first, of the horsemen, that charge, or assault, in a hostile, or predatory, incursion, especially; (TA;) or horses making a hostile, or predatory, incursion; and hence [the pl.] العَادِيَات in the Kur c. 1. (TA in the supplement to this art.) And accord. to ElKhuwárezmee, عَدِىٌّ particularly signifies The foot-messengers of the sovereign, and of the judge, who are made to run in quest of one against whom an accusation has been made, and to bring him, for the purpose of exacting from him the right, or due, of his accuser. (De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, sec. ed., iii. 100.) A2: عَادِى العَوَادِى, a phrase used by a poet, is expl. by IAar as meaning The hardest, or most pressing, or most severe, of occupations that turn one away, or back, from a thing. (TA.) A3: See also عَادٍ and its fem. عَادِيَةٌ voce عُدْوِىٌّ.

A4: عَادِيَا اللَّوْحِ signifies طَرَفَاهُ [The two extremities, or two sides, of the tablet or the like]; (K, TA;) each of them being called عادى [i. e.

عَادِى اللَّوْحِ, or a mistranscription for عَادٍ], like عِدى [i. e. ↓ عِدًى or ↓ عَدًى, both mentioned above, voce عُدْوَةٌ, as meaning, absolutely, a side, or lateral part or portion]. (TA.) عَادِيَةٌ [fem. of.عَادٍ, q. v.

A2: As a subst., it signifies] Wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, or tyranny; and evil, or mischief; (S, TA;) as in the saying دَفَعْتُ عَنْكَ عَادِيَةَ فُلَانٍ [I repelled, or have repelled, from thee the wrongdoing &c., and the evil, or mischief, of such a one]: (S:) it is an inf. n. [or rather a quasi-inf. n.] like عَاقِبَةٌ: and signifies also sharpness, or hastiness, of temper; and anger. (TA.) Also The harm, or hurt, of poison. (Har p. 304.) A3: See also عُدَوَآءُ, in three places.

A4: عَوَادِى الكَرْمِ, (K, TA,) of which عَادِيَةٌ is the sing., (TA,) signifies The grape-vines that are planted at the feet, or roots, of great trees. (K, TA.) أَعْدَى [a noun denoting the comparative and superlative degrees, and having several different significations]. أَعْدَى مِنَ الجَرَبِ More transitive, or wont to pass from one to another, than the mange, or scab, is a prov. (Meyd.) and أَعْدَى مِنَ الثُّؤَبَآءِ is another prov., having a similar meaning [i. e. More wont to pass from one to another, or, as we commonly say, more catching, than yawning]; (Meyd;) for when a man yawns in the presence of others, they become affected as he is. (TA in art. ثأب.) b2: أَعْدَى مِنَ الذِّئْبِ is also a prov., and may mean More wrongful, or more inimical, or more vehement in running, than the wolf. (Meyd.) أَعْدَى مِنْ سُلَيْكٍ, another prov., (expl. in the latter half of the first paragraph,) is from العَدْوُ. (Meyd.) b3: هُوَ أَعْدَى شَىْءٍ [app. meaning It is the most effectual thing to aid, or assist, or to avenge; أَعْدَى in this case being irregularly formed from the augmented verb in the phrase أَعْدَاهُ عَلَيْهِ]. (TA in art. ادو: see آدَى in that art.) تَعَادٍ Uneven places, (K, TA,) dissimilar in their several parts: occurring in this sense in a trad. (TA.) As mentions the saying نِمْتُ عَلَى

↓ مَكَانٍ مُتَعَادٍ, meaning [I slept upon] a place dissimilar in its several parts; uneven: and هٰذِهِ

↓ أَرْضٌ مُتَعَادِيَةٌ This is land having in it burrows, and [trenches, or channels, such as are termed]

لَخَاقِيق. (S, TA.) مَا لِى عَنْ فُلَانٍ مَعْدًى means There is not for me any going beyond such a one to another, nor any stopping short of him. (S.) مَعْدُوٌّ: see what next follows.

فُلَانٌ مَعْدِىٌّ عَلَيْهِ and ↓ مَعْدُوٌّ (S, K *) mean [Such a one is] treated wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: (K:) the ى in مَعْدِىٌّ is substituted for و because the latter [in this case] is deemed difficult of utterance. (S.) مُتَعَادٍ; and its fem., with ة: see تَعَادٍ.