حُلْوانُ:
بالضم ثم السكون، والحلوان في اللغة الهبة، يقال: حلوت فلانا كذا مالا أحلوه حلوا وحلوانا إذا وهبت له شيئا على شيء يفعله غير الأجر، وفي الحديث: نهي عن حلوان الكاهن، والحلوان: أن يأخذ الرجل من مهر ابنته لنفسه. وحلوان في عدة مواضع: حلوان العراق، وهي في آخر حدود السواد مما يلي الجبال من بغداد، وقيل: إنها سميت بحلوان بن عمران بن الحاف بن قضاعة كان بعض الملوك أقطعه إياها فسميت به.
وفي كتاب الملحمة المنسوب إلى بطليموس: حلوان
طولها إحدى وسبعون درجة وخمس وأربعون دقيقة، وعرضها أربع وثلاثون درجة، بيت حياتها أول درجة من الأسد، طالعها الذراع اليماني تحت عشر درج من السرطان، يقابلها مثلها من الجدي، بيت ملكها من الحمل، عاقبتها مثلها من الميزان، وهي في الإقليم الرابع، وكانت مدينة كبيرة عامرة، قال أبو زيد: أما حلوان فإنها مدينة عامرة ليس بأرض العراق بعد الكوفة والبصرة وواسط وبغداد وسرّ من رأى أكبر منها، وأكثر ثمارها التين، وهي بقرب الجبل، وليس للعراق مدينة بقرب الجبل غيرها، وربما يسقط بها الثلج، وأما أعلى جبلها فإن الثلج يسقط به دائما، وهي وبئة ردية الماء وكبريتيته، ينبت الدفلى على مياهها، وبها رمان ليس في الدنيا مثله وتين في غاية من الجودة ويسمونه لجودته شاه انجير أي ملك التين، وحواليها عدة عيون كبريتية ينتفع بها من عدة أدواء.
وأما فتحها فإن المسلمين لما فرغوا من جلولاء ضمّ هاشم بن عتبة بن أبي وقاص وكان عمه سعد قد سيّره على مقدمته إلى جرير بن عبد الله في خيل ورتبه بجلولاء، فنهض إلى حلوان فهرب يزدجرد إلى أصبهان وفتح جرير حلوان صلحا على أن كفّ عنهم وآمنهم على ديارهم وأموالهم ثم مضى نحو الدينور فلم يفتحها وفتح قرميسين على مثل ما فتح عليه حلوان وعاد إلى حلوان فأقام بها واليا إلى أن قدم عمار بن ياسر، فكتب إليه من الكوفة أن عمر قد أمره أن يمد به أبا موسى الأشعري بالأهواز، فسار حتى لحق بأبي موسى في سنة 19، قال الواقدي: بحلوان عقب لجرير بن عبد الله البجلي، وكان قد فتح حلوان في سنة 19، وفي كتاب سيف: في سنة 16، وقال القعقاع بن عمرو التميمي:
وهل تذكرون، إذ نزلنا وأنتم ... منازل كسرى، والأمور حوائل
فصرنا لكم ردءا بحلوان بعد ما ... نزلنا جميعا، والجميع نوازل
فنحن الأولى فزنا بحلوان بعد ما ... أرنّت، على كسرى، الإما والحلائل
وقال بعض المتأخرين يذم أهل حلوان:
ما إن رأيت جواميسا مقرّنة، ... إلا ذكرت ثناء عند حلوان
قوم، إذا ما أتى الأضياف دارهم ... لم ينزلوهم ودلوهم على الخان
وينسب إلى حلوان هذه خلق كثير من أهل العلم، منهم: أبو محمد الحسن بن عليّ الخلّال الحلواني، يروي عن يزيد بن هرون وعبد الرزاق وغيرهما، روى عنه البخاري ومسلم في صحيحيهما، توفي سنة 242، وقال أعرابيّ:
تلفّتّ من حلوان، والدمع غالب، ... إلى روض نجد، أين حلوان من نجد؟
لحصباء نجد، حين يضربها الندى، ... ألذّ وأشفى للعليل من الورد
ألا ليت شعري! هل أناس بكيتهم ... لفقدهم هل يبكينّهم فقدي؟
أداوي ببرد الماء حرّ صبابة، ... وما للحشا والقلب غيرك من برد
وأما نخلتا حلوان فأول من ذكرهما في شعره فيما علمنا مطيع بن إياس الليثي، وكان من أهل فلسطين من أصحاب الحجاج بن يوسف، ذكر أبو الفرج عن أبي الحسن الأسدي حدثنا حماد بن إسحاق عن أبيه
عن سعيد بن سلم قال: أخبرني مطيع بن إياس أنه كان مع سلم بن قتيبة بالرّيّ، فلما خرج إبراهيم بن الحسن كتب إليه المنصور يأمره باستخلاف رجل على عمله والقدوم عليه في خاصته على البريد، قال مطيع ابن إياس: وكانت لي جارية يقال لها جوذابة كنت أحبّها، فأمرني سلم بالخروج معه فاضطررت إلى بيع الجارية فبعتها وندمت على ذلك بعد خروجي وتتبعتها نفسي، فنزلنا حلوان فجلست على العقبة أنتظر ثقلي وعنان دابتي في يدي وأنا مستند إلى نخلة على العقبة وإلى جانبها نخلة أخرى فتذكرت الجارية واشتقت إليها فأنشدت أقول:
أسعداني يا نخلتي حلوان، ... وابكياني من ريب هذا الزمان
واعلما أن ريبه لم يزل يف ... رق بين الألّاف والجيران
ولعمري، لو ذقتما ألم الفر ... قة أبكاكما الذي أبكاني
أسعداني، وأيقنا أن نحسا ... سوف يأتيكما فتفترقان
كم رمتني صروف هذي الليالي ... بفراق الأحباب والخلّان
غير أني لم تلق نفسي كما لا ... قيت من فرقة ابنة الدهقان
جارة لي بالريّ تذهب همّي، ... ويسلّي دنوّها أحزاني
فجعتني الأيام، أغبط ما كن ... ت، بصدع للبين غير مدان
وبزعمي أن أصبحت لا تراها ال ... عين مني، وأصبحت لا تراني
وعن سعيد بن سلم عن مطيع قال: كانت لي بالرّيّ، جارية أيام مقامي بها مع سلم بن قتيبة، فكنت أتستر بها وأتعشق امرأة من بنات الدهاقين، وكنت نازلا إلى جنبها في دار لها، فلما خرجنا بعت الجارية وبقيت في نفسي علاقة من المرأة، فلما نزلنا بعقبة حلوان جلست مستندا إلى إحدى النخلتين اللتين على العقبة وقلت، وذكر الأبيات، فقال لي سلم: فيمن هذه الأبيات، أفي جاريتك؟ فاستحييت أن أصدقه فقلت:
نعم، فكتب من وقته إلى خليفته أن يبتاعها لي، فلم يلبث أن ورد كتابه بأني قد وجدتها وقد تداولها الرجال وقد بلغت خمسة آلاف درهم فإن أمرت أن أشتريها، فأخبرني بذلك سلم وقال: أيما أحب إليك هي أم خمسة آلاف درهم؟ فقلت: أما إن كانت قد تداولها الرجال فقد عزفت نفسي عنها، فأمر لي بخمسة آلاف درهم، فقلت: والله ما كان في نفسي منها شيء ولو كنت أحبها لم أبال إذا رجعت إلي بمن تداولها ولا أبالي لو ناكها أهل منى كلهم، وذكر المدائني أن المنصور اجتاز بنخلتي حلوان وكانت إحداهما على الطريق وكانت تضيّقه وتزدحم الأثقال عليه فأمر بقطعها، فأنشد قول مطيع:
واعلما إن بقيتما أن نحسا ... سوف يلقاكما فتفترقان
فقال: لا والله لا كنت ذلك النحس الذي يفرق بينهما! فانصرف وتركهما، وذكر أحمد بن إبراهيم عن أبيه عن جده إسمعيل بن داود أن المهدي قال:
أكثر الشعراء في ذكر نخلتي حلوان ولهممت بقطعهما فبلغ قولي المنصور فكتب إليّ: بلغني أنك هممت بقطع نخلتي حلوان ولا فائدة لك في قطعهما ولا ضرر عليك في بقائهما وأنا أعيذك بالله أن تكون النحس الذي يلقاهما فيفرق بينهما، يريد بيت مطيع، وعن أبي نمير عبد الله بن أيوب قال: لما خرج المهدي فصار بعقبة حلوان استطاب الموضع فتغدّى به ودعا بحسنة فقال لها: ما ترين طيب هذا الموضع! غنيني بحياتي حتى أشرب ههنا أقداحا، فأخذت محكّة كانت في يده فأوقعت على فخذه وغنته فقالت:
أيا نخلتي وادي بوانة حبّذا، ... إذا نام حرّاس النخيل، جناكما
فقال: أحسنت! لقد هممت بقطع هاتين النخلتين، يعني نخلتي حلوان، فمنعني منهما هذا الصوت، فقالت له حسنة: أعيذك بالله أن تكون النحس المفرق بينهما! وأنشدته بيت مطيع، فقال: أحسنت والله فيما فعلت إذ نبّهتني على هذا، والله لا أقطعهما أبدا ولأوكلن بهما من يحفظهما ويسقيهما أينما حييت! ثم أمر بأن يفعل ذلك، فلم تزالا في حياته على ما رسمه إلى أن مات، وذكر أحمد بن أبي طاهر عن عبد الله ابن أبي سعد عن محمد بن المفضل الهاشمي عن سلام الأبرش قال: لما خرج الرشيد إلى طوس هاج به الدم بحلوان فأشار عليه الطبيب بأكل جمّار، فأحضر دهقان حلوان وطلب منه، فأعلمه أن بلادهم ليس بها نخل ولكن على العقبة نخلتان، فأمر بقطع إحداهما، فلما نظر إلى النخلتين بعد أن انتهى إليهما فوجد إحداهما مقطوعة والأخرى قائمة وعلى القائمة مكتوب، وذكر البيت، فأعلم الرشيد وقال: لقد عز عليّ أن كنت نحسكما ولو كنت سمعت هذا البيت ما قطعت هذه النخلة ولو قتلني الدم، ومما قيل في نخلتي حلوان من الشعر قول حمّاد عجرد:
جعل الله سدرتي قصر شي ... رين فداء لنخلتي حلوان
جئت مستسعدا فلم تسع داني، ... ومطيع بكت له النخلتان
وروى حماد عن أبيه لبعض الشعراء في نخلتي حلوان:
أيها العاذلان لا تعذلاني، ... ودعاني من الملام دعاني
وابكيا لي، فإنني مستحقّ ... منكما بالبكاء أن تسعداني
إنني منكما بذلك أولى ... من مطيع بنخلتي حلوان
فهما تجهلان ما كان يشكو ... من هواه، وأنتما تعلمان
وقال فيهما أحمد بن إبراهيم الكاتب من قصيدة:
وكذاك الزمان ليس، وإن أل ... لف، يبقى عليه مؤتلفان
سلبت كفّه العزيز أخاه، ... ثم ثنّى بنخلتي حلوان
فكأنّ العزيز مذ كان فردا، ... وكأن لم تجاور النخلتان

وحلوان أَيضاً:
قرية من أعمال مصر، بينها وبين الفسطاط نحو فرسخين من جهة الصعيد مشرفة على النيل، وبها دير ذكر في الديرة، وكان أول من اختطها عبد العزيز بن مروان لما ولي مصر، وضرب بها الدنانير، وكان له كل يوم ألف جفنة للناس حول داره، ولذلك قال الشاعر:
كلّ يوم كأنه عيد أضحى ... عند عبد العزيز، أو يوم فطر
وله ألف جفنة مترعات، ... كلّ يوم، يمدّها ألف قدر
وكان قد وقع بمصر طاعون في سنة 70 وواليها عبد العزيز فخرج هاربا من مصر، فلما وصل حلوان هذه استحسن موضعها فبنى بها دورا وقصورا واستوطنها وزرع بها بساتين وغرس كروما ونخلا، فلذلك يقول عبيد الله بن قيس الرّقيّات:
سقيا لحلوان ذي الكروم، وما ... صنّف من تينه ومن عنبه
نخل مواقير بالقناء من ال ... برنيّ، يهتز ثم في سربه
أسود، سكانه الحمام، فما ... تنفكّ غربانه على رطبه
وقال سعد بن شريح مولى نجيب يهجو حفص بن الوليد الحضرمي والي مصر ويمدح زبّان بن عبد العزيز ابن مروان:
يا باعث الخيل، تردي في أعنّتها، ... من المقطّم في أكناف حلوان
لا زال بغضي ينمّى في صدوركم، ... إن كان ذلك من حيّ لزبّان

وحلوان أيضا:
بليدة بقوهستان نيسابور، وهي آخر حدود خراسان مما يلي أصبهان.

ظلم: ظَلَّم (بالتشديد) جعله مظلماً غير نيّر (الكالا) ظلَّم على: ساء، أغاظ، ازعج، كدَّر (بوشر).
ظالمَ: (انظر لين) تجد مثالاً لهذا الفعل النادر في (عباد 2: 49) والمعنى: ظلم.
أظْلم. يقال: أظْلَمَ الجوُّ من القمر أي اسود وأقتم ودجا لغياب القمر (عباد 1: 61).
أظلَم: عمَّ، حجب النور، ويقال: أظلم البصر: نقصه وأضعفه (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 269).
ويقال: أظلم على (بوشر).
أظلم: اختلس الأموال، وابتزها (الكالا).
إظَّلُم: موّه بالذهب (السعدية النشيد 44).
ظُلْم: رغبة في الايذاء (الحريري ص263، الف ليلة 1: 29).
ظُلْم: ابتزاز الاموال واختلاسها (الكالا).
ظُلْم: (سيمونيّه)، بيع أو شراء الأشياء الروحية متاجرة بالرتب الكهنوتية (الكالا).
ظُلْم: قطع طريق، لصوصية (بوشر).
ظُلْمَة. بْحر الظلمة (عبد الواحد ص4) أو بحر الظلمات (بوشر، دي ساسي طرائف 2: 3) المحيط الأطلسي.
ظُلَمة: ظلام البصر، عدم الرؤية. (الجريدة الآسيوية 1853: 1: 342).
ظُلْمة: انظر ظُلْمَة.
ظُلْمِي: جوريّ، عسفيّ، (بوشر).
ظُلْمَانّي: نصف حروف الهجاء عند المتصوفة حروف نورانية أي حروف مضيئة، وسميت بذلك لأنها الحروف الوحيدة الموجودة في فواتح السور، أما النصف الباقي منها وهي: غَظْ شج بَثْ خَذٍ وَزِد تُفضِ حروف ظلمانية أيَّ حروف الظلام (انظر زيشر 7: 78).
ظلِيم: مُظلم، معتم (المعجم اللاتيني - العربي) لون ظليم: لون باهت وفي المعجم اللاتيني العربي في مادة ceruleus مرادف أسودَ وأغْبَر.
ظُلَيْمة الصبح= غَلَس (وهذا صواب الكلمة بدل جلس) وهي ظُلْمة أخر الليل إذا اختلطت بضوء الصباح (أبو الوليد ص777).
ظالمِ: جائر، متجاوز الحد، وتجمع على ظُلاَّم. (باين سميث 1393).
ظالِم: مبتز الأموال ومختلسها (الكالا).
ظالم نَفْسه: سيموني، من يبيع أو يشتري الأشياء الروحية أو المقدسة من يتاجر بالرتب الكهنوتية. (الكالا).
ظالم وجمعها ظَلَمة: مفوض الشرطة وهو المفوض بالقضاء بين الخصوم وله أعوان في إمرته (ألف ليلة برسل 2: 32 258) وفيها (1: 202): مسكوني الظلمة وودوني إلى الوالي وفيها (11، 161، 386، 387): وهو ممسوك بين الظلمة والأعوان وفي طبعة ماكن (3: 193) هي مرادف حاكم الذي يترافع أمامه. وفيها (3: 218) الظلمة وفي طبعة برسل في هذا الموضع: الظلمة والحُكَّام بدل الظلمة فقط.
اظْلَم- هذه بتلك والبادي أظلم.
عاملتك بمثل ما عاملتني به، دفعت السيئة بسيئة مثلها، كافأتك بمثل عملك (بوشر).
مُظْلِم: باهت، كامد، كاب، أغبر (بوشر).
مَظْلِمَة: ضريبة غير قانونية، اغتصاب، مطالبة غير محقة، ابتزاز، جباية أموال غير مستحقة، وليست شرعية (فريتاج أمثال ص 41) وفي المقري (2: 800) وكثرت المغارم والمظالم، وفيه (2: 812): وترفع عنهم جميع المظالم والمغارم وفي الفخري (ص363): لمَّا ولي الخلافة أزال المكوس والمظالم.
وفي ألف ليلة (برسل 3: 231) ابطل المظالم والمكوس.
رَفْع المظالم: ضريبة فرضت للتعويض عن ضريبة جائزة فرضت ظلماً (صفة مصر 11: 495).
مَظْلِمة: شكوى، ما يدعى به أمام القضاء لإزالة الظلم.
ففي كتاب محمد بن الحارث (ص232): أن العباس غصب ضيعة من رجل بجيان وتوفي الرجل وترك أطفالا فلما بلغوا وانتهى إليهم عَدْلُ مصعب بن عمران قدموا قرطبة وأنْهوا إليه مظلمتهم وأثبتوها عنده.

ظلم

1 ظَلَمَ, aor. ـِ has for its inf. n. ظَلْمٌ, (M, Msb, K, and so in some copies of the S,) or ↓ ظُلْمٌ, (so in other copies of the S,) or both, (T,) or the latter is a simple subst., (T, M, Msb, TA,) which is put in the place of the inf. n., (TA, [and the same is indicated in the T and K by the saying that the proper inf. n. is with fet-h,]) and ↓ مَظْلِمَةٌ, (S, TA,) or this is likewise a simple subst., (Msb,) and ↓ مَظْلَمَةٌ, [or this also is a simple subst.,] and ↓ ظِلَامٌ also is said to be an inf. n. like ظُلْمٌ, these two being like لِبَاسٌ and لُبْسٌ, [or it is a simple subst. like as ظُلْمٌ is said to be, or it is an inf. n. of 3, as such occurring in the middle of this paragraph,] or, accord. to Kr, it is pl. of ظُلْمٌ [like as رِمَاحٌ is pl. of رُمْحٌ]: (TA:) [ظَلَمَ when intrans. generally means He did wrong; or acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: and when trans., he wronged; or treated, or used, wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; or he misused:] accord. to most of the lexicologists, (Er-Rághib, TA,) primarily, (As, T, S, Msb,) ↓ الظُّلْمُ signifies the putting a thing in a place not its own; putting it in a wrong place; misplacing it: (As, T, S, M, Er-Rághib, Msb, K:) and it is by exceeding or by falling short, or by deviating from the proper time and place: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the acting in whatsoever way one pleases in the disposal of the property of another: and the transgressing the proper limit: (El-Munáwee, TA:) [i. e.] the transgressing the proper limit much or little: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or, accord. to some, it primarily signifies النَّقْص [as meaning the making to suffer loss, or detriment]: (MF, TA:) and it is said to be of three kinds, between man and God, and between man and man, and between a man and himself; every one of which three is really لِلنَّفْسِ [i. e. a wrongdoing to oneself]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [when it is used as a simple subst.,] the pl. of ظُلْمٌ, accord. to Kr. is ظِلَامٌ, as mentioned above, and ↓ ظُلَامٌ, with damm, is said to be syn. with ظُلْمٌ, or a pl. thereof, [of an extr. form, commonly regarded as that of a quasi-pl. n.,] like رُخَالٌ. (TA.) One says, مَنِ اسْتَرْعَى الذِّئْبَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ [He who asks, or desires, the wolf to keep guard surely does wrong, or puts a thing in a wrong place]: a prov. (S, Msb.) And مَنْ أَشْبَهَ أَبَاهُ فَمَا ظَلَمَ, (As, T, S,) a prov., meaning [Whoso resembles his father in a quality, or an attribute,] he has not put the likeness in a wrong place. (As, T. [See art. شبه.]) وَلَمْ تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا, in the Kur [xviii. 31], means وَلَمْ تَنْقُصْ [i. e. And made not aught thereof to suffer loss, or detriment]: (M, K:) and in like manner Fr explains the saying in the Kur [ii. 54 and vii. 160], وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ And they made not us to suffer loss, or detriment, by that which they did, but themselves they made to suffer loss, or detriment: (T, TA:) in which sense it seems to be indicated in the A that the verb is tropical. (TA.) b2: It is also trans. by means of بِ; as in the phrase in the Kur [vii. 101 and xvii. 61] فَظَلَمُوا بِهَا, because the meaning is كَفَرُوا [i. e. And they disbelieved in them], referring to the آيَات [or signs]; (M, TA; *) the verb having this meaning tropically or by implication; or being thus made trans. because implying the meaning of التَّكْذِيب: or [the meaning is, and they wronged themselves, or the people, because of them; for], as some say, the ب is causative, and the objective complement, i. e. أَنْفُسَهُمْ, or النَّاسَ, is suppressed. (TA.) b3: and it is doubly trans. by itself: (TA:) one says, ظَلَمَهُ حَقَّهُ [He made him to suffer loss, or detriment, of his right, or due; or defrauded, or despoiled, or deprived, him of it]; and حَقَّهُ ↓ تظلّمهُ: (M, K:) [and] you say, فُلَانٌ ↓ تَظَلَّمَنِى, [as well as تظلّمنى مَالِى, occurring in a verse cited in the M,] meaning ظَلَمَنِى مَالِى [i. e. Such a one caused me to suffer loss, &c., of my property]. (S.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 44], إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, for لَا يَظْلِمُهُمْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةِ, and the verb is made doubly trans. because the meaning is لَا يَسْلُبُهُمْ [i. e. Verily God will not despoil them, or deprive them, of the weight of one of the smallest of ants, or a grub of an ant, &c.]: or مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, may be put in the place of the inf. n., for ظَلْمًا حَقِيرًا كَمِثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ [i. e. with a paltry spoliation or deprivation, such as the weight of one of the smallest of ants, &c.]. (M.) b4: One says also, أَرَادَ ظِلَامَهُ and مُظَالَمَتَهُ, [these two nouns being inf. ns. of ↓ ظَالَمَهُ, or the former, as mentioned above, is, accord. to some, an inf. n. of ظَلَمَ,] meaning ظُلْمَهُ or ظَلْمَهُ [i. e. He desired the wronging, &c., of him]. (M, K.) b5: ظَلَمَهُ, inf. n. ظُلْمٌ [or ظَلْمٌ?], also means He imposed upon him a thing that was above his power, or ability. (TA.) And يُظْلَمُ He is asked for a thing that is above his power, or ability. (S.) b6: And one says, ظَلَمَ البَعِيرَ (tropical:) He slaughtered the camel without disease. (S, K, TA.) And ظُلِمَتِ النَّاقَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel was slaughtered without disease: or was covered without her desiring the stallion. (M.) And ظَلَمَ الحِمَارُ الأَتَانَ (tropical:) The he-ass leaped the she-ass (K, TA) before her time: (TA:) or when she was pregnant: (K, TA:) so in the A. (TA.) b7: And ظَلَمَ الوَطْبَ, (S, K,) inf. n. ظُلْمٌ [or ظَلْمٌ?], (S,) (tropical:) He gave to drink of the milk of his skin before its becoming thick (S, K, TA) and its butter's coming forth. (TA. [And the like is said in the T and M.]) And ظَلَمَ القَوْمَ (assumed tropical:) He gave to drink to the people, or party, (T, M, K,) milk before it had attained to maturity, (T, K,) as related on the authority of A 'Obeyd, (T,) or [milk such as is termed] ظَلِيمَة: (M:) but this is a mistake: it is related on the authority of Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà [i. e. Th] and AHeyth that one says, ظَلَمْتُ السِّقَآءَ, and اللَّبَنَ, meaning I drank, or gave to drink, what was in the skin, and the milk, before its attaining to maturity and the extracting of its butter: accord. to ISk, one says, ظَلَمْتُ وَطْبِىَ القَوْمَ, [but I think that it is correctly ظَلَمْتُ وَطْبِى لِلْقَومِ, agreeably with a verse cited in the T and M,] meaning I gave to drink [to the people, or party,] the contents of my milk-skin before the thickening thereof. (T.) And ظَلَمْتُهُ is said of anything as meaning (assumed tropical:) I did it hastily, or hurriedly, before its proper time, or season. (M, TA.) b8: ظَلَمْتُ الحَوْضَ means (assumed tropical:) I made the watering-trough in a place in which watering-troughs should not be made. (ISk, T.) And ظَلَمَ الأَرْضَ means (tropical:) He dug the ground in what was not the place of digging: (M, K, TA:) or when it had not been dug before. (M.) And, said of a torrent, (assumed tropical:) It furrowed the earth in a place that was not furrowed. (T.) And ظَلَمَ البِطَاحَ, said of a torrent, (tropical:) It reached the بطاح [or wide water-courses containing fine, or broken, pebbles, &c.], not having reached them before. (A, TA.) And ظَلَمَ الوَادِى (tropical:) The water of the valley reached a place that it had not reached before. (Fr, T, S, K, TA.) b9: When men have added upon the grave other than its own earth, لَا تَظْلِمُوا (tropical:) [Transgress not ye the proper limit] is said to them. (TA.) b10: And one says, لَا تَظْلِمْ وَضَحَ الطَّرِيقِ (assumed tropical:) Turn not thou from the main part, or the beaten track, of the road. (M.) And لَا تَظْلِمْ عَنْهُ شَيْئَا (assumed tropical:) Turn not thou from it at all. (T.) And لَزِمَ الطَّرِيقَ فَلَمْ يَظْلِمْهُ (assumed tropical:) [He kept to the road, and] did not turn from it to the right and left. (TA.) b11: And مَا ظَلَمَكَ

أَنْ تَفْعَلَ (T, K, TA) (tropical:) What has prevented thy doing (K, TA) such a thing? (TA.) A man complained to Abu-l-Jarráh of his suffering indigestion from food that he had eaten, and he said to him, مَا ظَلَمَكَ أَنْ تَقِىْءَ (assumed tropical:) [What has prevented thy vomiting?]. (Fr, T.) And one says, مَا ظَلَمَكَ عَنْ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) What has prevented thee from such a thing? (T.) Respecting the saying قَالَ بَلَى يَا مَىَّ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمْ [addressed by a man to a woman who had invited him to visit her], Fr says, they say that the meaning is حَقًّا [Truly, or in truth; i. e. He said, Yes, O Meiya, truly, or in truth, I will visit thee]; and it is a prov.; (T;) or اليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ, or بَلَى وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ, is a prov.; (Meyd;) and thus it was expl. by IAar, as used in the manner of an oath: but Fr says, in my opinion the meaning is, and a day in which is a cause of prevention shall not prevent me: [so that the words of the hemistich above may be rendered, he said, Yes, O Meiya, though the day present an obstacle, for I will overcome every obstacle]: (T:) accord. to Kr, قَدِمَ فُلَانٌ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ means Such a one came truly, or in truth: [or it may be rendered such a one came though the day presented an obstacle:] but in the saying إِنَّ الفِرَاقَ اليَوْمَ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمْ the meaning is said by some to be وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَنَا [i. e. Verily separation is to-day, and the day has wronged (us)]: or, as some say, ظلم here means, has put the thing in a wrong place: (M:) accord. to ISk, the phrase وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَم means[And, or but, or though,] the day has put the affair in a wrong place. (T.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 911.]

A2: ظَلِمَ, said of the night: see 4.2 ظلّمهُ, inf. n. تَظْلِيمٌ, (T, S, &c.,) He told him that he was ظَالِم [i. e. doing wrong or acting wrongfully &c., or a wrongdoer]: (T:) or he attributed, or imputed, to him ظُلْم [i. e. wrongdoing, &c.]. (S, M, Msb, K.) b2: And He (a judge) exacted justice for him from his wronger, and aided him against him. (T.) 3 ظَاْلَمَ see 1, in the middle of the paragraph.4 اظلم, said of the night, (Fr, T, S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ ظَلِمَ, (Fr, T, S, K,) the latter with kesr, (S,) like سَمِعَ, (K,) [erroneously written in the TT as from the M ظَلَمَ,] It became dark; (S, K;) or it became black; (M;) or it came with its darkness. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 19], وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا [And when it becomes dark to them they stand still]; the verb being intrans.: or, accord. to the Ksh, and Bd follows it, it may be trans. [so that the meaning is, and when He makes their place dark &c.]; as is shown by another reading, which is أُظْلِمُوا: accord. to AHei, it is known by transmission as only intrans.; but Z makes it to be trans. by itself; Ibn-Es-Saláh affirms it to be trans. and intrans.: and Az [so in the TA, but correctly ISd, in the M,] mentions the saying, تَكَلَّمَ فَأَظْلَمَ عَلَيْنَا البَيعتَ (assumed tropical:) [He spoke, and made dark to us the house, or chamber, or tent], meaning he made us to hear what we disliked, or hated, the verb being trans. (TA.) b2: And أَظْلَمُوا They entered upon the ظَلَام [or darkness, or beginning of night]: (S, M, Msb, K:) or, as in the Mufradát [of Er-Rághib], they became in darkness. (TA.) b3: And they said, مَا أَظْلَمَهُ and ما أَضْوَأَهُ [How dark is it! and How light, or bright, is it!]; which is anomalous. (S, TA.) A2: And اظلم الثَّغْرُ The front teeth glistened. (T, K.) Hence the saying [of a poet], إِذَا مَا اجْتَلَى الرَّائِى إِلَيْهَا بِطَرْفِهِ غُرُوبَ ثَنَايَاهَا أَضَآءَ وَأَظْلَمَا [as though meaning, When the beholder of her with his eye looks at the fineness, or sharpness, (but غُرُوب is variously explained,) of her central teeth, it shines brightly, and glistens: but Az plainly indicates another meaning; i. e., he sees (lit. lights on, or finds,) brightness and lustre; for he immediately adds, without the intervention of وَ or أَوْ, evidently in relation to this verse,] أَضَآءَ

أَىْ أَصَابَ ضَوْءًا وَأَظْلَمَ أَصَابَ ظَلْمًا: (T:) [and ISd cites the verse above with the substitution of بِعَينِهِ for بِطَرْفِهِ and of أَنَارَ for أَضَآءَ immediately after saying that] أَظْلَمَ signifies he looked at the teeth and saw lustre (الظَّلْمَ). (M.) [In the K, next after the explanation of اظلم الثَّغْرُ given above, it is added that اظلم said of a man signifies أَصَابَ ظَلْمًا: thus, with fet-h, to the ظ, accord. to the TA: in my MS. copy of the K and in the CK, ظُلْمًا, which is doubtless a mistranscription.]5 تظلّم مِنْهُ CCC (T, S, M, K, [but in some copies of the S, منه is omitted,]) He complained of his ظُلْم [or wrongdoing, &c.], (S, M, K,) إِلَى الحَاكِمِ [to the judge]: (T:) in some copies of the S, تُظُلِّمَ. (TA.) b2: And تظلّم signifies also He transferred the responsibility for the ظُلْم [or wrongdoing, &c.,] upon himself, (M, K,) accord. to IAar, who has cited as an ex., كَانَتْ إِذَا غَضِبَتْ عَلَىَّ تَظَلَّمَتْ [as though meaning She used, when she was angry with me, to transfer the responsibility for the wrongdoing upon herself; which may mean that she finally confessed the wrongdoing to be hers]; but [ISd says] I know not how that is: the تَظَلُّم in this case is only the complaining of الظُّلْم; for when she was angry with him, it was not allowable [to say] that she attributed the ظُلْم to herself. (M.) b3: See also 1, former half, in two places.6 تظالم القَوْمُ (S, M, Msb) The people, or company of men, treated, or used, one another wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically (ظَلَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا). (M, Msb.) b2: And [hence]

تَظَالَمَتِ المِعْزَى (tropical:) The goats smote one another with their horns by reason of their being fat and having abundance of herbage. (IAar, M, TA.) One says, وَجَدْنَا أَرْضًا تَظَالَمَ مِعْزَاهَا (tropical:) We found a land whereof the goats smote one another with their horns by reason of satiety and liveliness. (T, TA.) 7 إِنْظَلَمَ see the next paragraph.8 اِظَّلَمَ (T, S, M, K) and اِظْطَلَمَ and اِطَّلَمَ, (S, M,) which last is [said to be] the most usual, (S,) [but I have mostly found the first to be used,] of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, (S, M,) He took upon himself [the bearing of] ظُلْم [or wrong, &c.,] in spite of difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience: (S, TA:) or he bore الظُّلْم [or wrong, &c.,] (T, M, K, TA,) willingly, being able to resist; (T, TA;) and ↓ اِنْظَلَمَ signifies [thus likewise, or] he bore الظُّلْم. (S, M, K.) ظَلْمٌ The lustre, and brightness, of gold. (Z, TA.) b2: And hence, (Z, TA,) The lustre (lit. running water) upon the teeth; (Lth, T, Z, TA;) the lustre (مَآء, S, M, K, and بَرِيق, S, K) of the teeth, (Lth, T, S, M, Z, K, TA,) from the clearness of the colour, not from the saliva, (Lth, * T, * M,) like blackness within the bone thereof, by reason of the intense whiteness, (S, K,) resembling the فِرِنْد [q. v.] of the sword, (S, K,) or appearing like the فِرِنْد [of the sword], so that one imagines that there is in it a blackness, by reason of the intense lustre and clearness: (M:) or, accord. to Sh, whiteness of the teeth, as though there were upon it [somewhat of] a blackness: or, as Abu-l-'Abbás ElAhwal says, in the Expos. of the “ Kaabeeyeh,”

lustre (lit. running water) of the teeth, such that one sees upon it, by reason of its intense clearness [app. meaning transparency], what resembles dustcolour and blackness: or, accord. to another explanation, fineness, or thinness, and intense whiteness, of the teeth: (TA:) pl. ظُلُومٌ. (S, M.) b3: Also Snow: (M, K:) it is said to have this meaning: and the phrase مُشْرَبَةِ الثَّنَايَا بِمَآءِ الظَّلْمِ, used by a poet, may mean [Having the central teeth suffused with the lustre termed ظَلْم, as is indicated in the T and S, or] with the water of snow. (Lth, T.) ظُلْمٌ [as a simple subst. generally means Wrong, wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, or tyranny]: see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: [ظُلْمُ الارضِ in the CK is a mistranscription for ظَلَمَ الأَرْضَ. b3: And الظُلْمُ in one place in the CK, as syn. with الظَّلْمَآءُ, is a mistake for الظُّلْمَةُ.]

لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ, (S, M, K,) or أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ, (K, TA, [in the CK اَوَّلَ ذِى ظَلَمٍ,]) means (tropical:) I met him the first of everything: (S, K, TA:) or the first thing: (M:) or when the darkness was becoming confused: (M, K:) or أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ meansnear; (El-Umawee, S, M, K;) or nearness: (M, K:) and one says, هُوَ مِنْكَ أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ

[app. He is near thee], and رَأَيْتُهُ أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ

[app. I saw him near]: (M:) and ظَلَمٌ is also syn. with شَخْصٌ [as meaning an object seen from a distance, or a person]; (K;) or, as some say, it has this meaning in the phrase أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ [so that لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ may mean I met him the nearest object seen from a distance, or the nearest person]: (M:) and accord. to Kh, one says, ↓ لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظُلْمَةٍ, or أَوَّلَ ذِى ظُلْمَةٍ, (as in different copies of the S,) meaning I met him the first thing that obstructed my sight. (S.) b2: ظَلَمٌ signifies also A mountain: and the pl. is ظُلُومٌ. (M, K.) ظُلَمٌ an appellation of Three nights (T, S, K) of the lunar month (T, S) next after the three called دُرَعٌ; (T, S, * K; *) so says A'Obeyd: (T:) thus called because of their darkness: (S:) the sing. is ↓ ظَلْمَآءُ; (T, S;) so that it is anomalous; for by rule it should be ظُلْمٌ; (S;) and the sing. of دُرَعٌ is دَرْعَآءُ: so says A'Obeyd: but accord. to AHeyth and Mbr, the sings. are ↓ ظُلْمَةٌ and دُرْعَةٌ, agreeably with rule; and this is the correct assertion. (T. [See more in art. درع, voce أَدْرَعُ.]) ظِلَمٌ: see ظِلَّامٌ.

ظُلْمَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ ظُلُمَةٌ (S, M, K) [accord. to the CK ظُلْمٌ and ظُلُمٌ, both of which are wrong,] and ↓ ظَلْمَآءُ (S, M, Msb, K) Darkness; contr. of نُورٌ: (S, Msb:) or nonexistence of نُور [or light]: or an accidental state that precludes the coëxistence therewith of نُور: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the departure of light; as also ↓ ظَلَامٌ; (M, K;) which last has no pl.; (T, TA;) or this last signifies the beginning, or first part, of night, (S, M, Msb,) even though it be one in which the moon shines; and is said by Sb to be used only adverbially; one says, أَتَيْتُهُ ظَلَامًا, meaning I came to him at night, and مَعَ الظَّلَامِ i. e. at the time of the night: (M, TA:) the pl. of ظُلْمَةٌ is ظُلَمٌ and ظُلُمَاتٌ and ظُلَمَاتٌ (T, S, Msb) and ظُلْمَاتٌ, (S, Msb,) or, accord. to IB, the first of these pls. is of ظُلْمَةٌ and the second is of ظُلُمَةٌ. (TA.) One says, ↓ هُوَ يَخْبِطُ الظَّلَامَ [or فِى الظَّلَامِ, expl. in art. خبط], and الظُّلْمَةَ [which means the same] and ↓ الظَّلْمَآءَ [which is also expl. in art. خبط]. (TA.) b2: ظُلْمَةٌ is also [tropically] used as a term for (assumed tropical:) Ignorance: and (assumed tropical:) belief in a plurality of gods: and (assumed tropical:) transgression, or unrighteousness: like as نُورٌ is used as a term for their contraries: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and it is said in the A that الظُّلْمُ is ظُلْمَةٌ, like as العَدْلُ is نُورٌ. (TA.) ظُلُمَاتُ البَحْرِ means (assumed tropical:) The troubles, afflictions, calamities, or hardships, of the sea. (M.) A2: And one says لَيْلَةٌ ظُلْمَةٌ, [using the latter word as an epithet, (in the CK, erroneously, ظَلِمَةٌ,)] and ↓ لَيْلَةٌ ظَلْمَآءُ, both meaning A night intensely dark; (M, K;) or the latter means مُظْلِمَةٌ [i. e. dark, or black]: (S:) and ↓ لَيْلٌ ظَلْمَآءُ also, (M, K,) which is anomalous, (K,) mentioned by IAar, but [ISd says] this is strange, and in my opinion he has put لَيْلٌ in the place of لَيْلَةٌ, as in his mentioning لَيْلٌ قَمْرَآءُ [q. v.]. (M.) b2: See also ظُلَمٌ: b3: and see the paragraph next preceding it.

ظِلْمَةٌ sing. of ظِلَمٌ: see ظِلَّامٌ.

ظُلُمَةٌ: see ظُلْمَةٌ.

ظَلْمَآءُ: see ظُلْمَةٌ, in four places: and see also ظُلَمٌ.

ظَلَامٌ: see ظُلْمَةٌ, in two places.

ظُلَامٌ: see 1, in the first quarter of the paragraph.

ظِلَامٌ: see 1, near the beginning: A2: see also ظِلَّامٌ.

A3: It signifies also Little, or small, in quantity: or mean, contemptible, paltry, or of no weight or worth: b2: whence the saying, نَظَرَ إِلَىَّ ظِلَامًا, meaning شَزْرًا [i. e. He looked at me from the outer angle of the eye, with anger, or aversion]. (K.) ظَلُومٌ: see ظَلَّامٌ. b2: [Hence,] one says اِمْرَأَةٌ ظَلُومٌ لِلسِّقَآءِ (assumed tropical:) [A woman wont to give to drink the milk of the skin before its attaining to maturity and the extracting of its butter: see ظَلَمَ الوَطْبَ, and what follows it, in the first paragraph]. (M.) ظَلِيمٌ [as syn. with مَظْلُومٌ in the primary sense of the latter I have not found: but as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates it signifies] (tropical:) Milk that is drunk before its becoming thick and its butter's coming forth or being extracted; (S, * M;) as also ↓ ظَلِيمَةٌ, (T, S, M,) and ↓ مَظْلُومٌ. (T, S.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A place that is ↓ مَظْلُوم [i. e. dug where it should not be dug]: (M, TA:) used in this sense by a poet describing a person slain in a desert, for whom a grave was dug in a place not proper for digging [it]. (M.) b3: And (tropical:) The earth of land that is ↓ مَظْلُومَة (S, K, TA) i. e. dug, (TA,) or dug for the first time. (S.) And (assumed tropical:) The earth of the لَحْد [or lateral hollow] of a grave; which is put back, over it, after the burial of the dead therein. (T, TA.) A2: Also The male ostrich: (T, S, M, K:) said (by IDrd, TA) to be so called because he makes a place for the laying and hatching of the eggs (يُدَحِّى, inf. n. تَدْحِيَةٌ,) where the doing so is not proper: (M, TA:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib and others, because he is believed to be deaf: (TA:) pl. ظِلْمَانٌ (T, M, K) and ظُلْمَانٌ (M, K) and أَظْلِمَةٌ, (T, M,) which last is a pl. of pauc. (T.) b2: And الظَّلِيمَانِ is an appellation of Two stars; (M, K, * TA;) the two stars of القَوْس [or Sagittarius] that are on the northern curved end of the bow [i. e.

λ and μ, above the nine stars called النَّعَائِم, or “ the ostriches ”]. (Kzw in his descr. of Sagittarius.) And الظَّلِيمُ is the name of The bright star α] at the end of النَّهْر [i. e. Eridanus]: and A star upon the mouth of الحُوت [i. e. Piscis Australis] (Kzw in his descr. of Eridanus.) [It seems to be implied in the K that الظَّلِيمُ is the name of two stars; or it may be there meant that each of two stars is thus called. Freytag represents the sing. as “ a name of stars,” and the dual also as “ a name of stars; ” referring, in relation to the former, to Ideler's “ Untersuch,” pp. 201, 228, and 233; and in relation to the latter, to the same work, pp. 106 and 184.]

ظُلَامَةٌ: see مَظْلِمَةٌ.

ظَلِيمَةٌ: see مَظْلِمَةٌ: b2: and see also ظَلِيمٌ.

ظَلَّامٌ (TA) and ↓ ظِلِّيمٌ (S, TA) [and ↓ ظَلُومٌ, mentioned in the M and K with ظَالِمٌ, as though syn. therewith, but it is an intensive epithet,] One who acts wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically, much, or often; i. q. كَثِيرُ الظُّلْمِ. (S, TA.) b2: ظَلَّامُونَ لِلْجُزُرِ occurs in a verse of Ibn-Mukbil [meaning (assumed tropical:) Men often slaughtering camels without disease]. (T, S.) A2: See also what next follows.

ظِلَّامٌ (AHn, T, M, K) and ↓ ظَلَّامٌ (T) and ↓ ظِلَامٌ (K) and ↓ ظَالِمٌ and ↓ ظِلَمٌ, (T, K,) the last mentioned by IAar, and its sing. is ↓ ظِلْمَةٌ, (T,) accord. to AHn, A certain herb, (M, K, TA,) which is depastured; (M, TA;) accord. to IAar, a strange kind of tree; (T, TA;) accord. to As, a kind of tree (T, TA *) having long [shoots such as are termed] عَسَالِيج [pl. of عُسْلُوجٌ q. v.], (T, K, TA,) which extend so that they exceed the limit of the أَصْل [i. e. either root or stem] thereof; for which reason the tree is called ظَلَّام. (T, TA.) ظِلِّيمٌ: see ظَلَّامٌ.

ظَالِمٌ [Acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: and wronging; or treating, or using, wrongfully, &c.:] part. n. of ظَلَمَ: (M, K:) and ↓ مُتَظَلِّمٌ signifies the same; as well as complaining of his wrongdoer: (T:) [the pl. of the former is ظَالِمُونَ and ظَلَمَةٌ:] and ظَلَمَةٌ signifies those who debar men from, or refuse to them, their rights, or dues. (IAar, T, TA.) A2: See also ظِلَّامٌ.

أَظْلَمُ [More, and most, wrongful, unjust, injurious, or tyrannical, in conduct]. El-Muärrij says, I heard an Arab of the desert say to his companion, أَظْلَمِى وَأَظْلَمُكَ فَفَعَلَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ, meaning The more wrongful in conduct of me and of thee [may God do to him what He will do; i. e. may God punish him]. (T.) [And] one says, لَعَنَ اللّٰهُ أَظْلَمِى وَأَظْلَمَكَ i. e. [May God curse] the more wrongful in conduct of us. (K. [But in the TA, a doubt is intimated as to the correctness of this latter saying.]) One says also, لَهُوَ أَظْلَمُ مِنْ حَيَّةٍ [i. e. Verily he is more wrongful in conduct than a serpent]: because it comes to a burrow which it has not excavated, and makes its abode in it: (Fr, T:) for it comes to the burrow of the [lizard called] ضَبّ, and eats its young one, and takes up its abode in its burrow. (TA voce حَيَّةٌ.) b2: And الأَظْلَمُ is an appellation of The ضَبّ; because it eats its young ones. (TA.) مُظْلِمٌ [Becoming dark, &c.: see its verb, 4]. b2: [Hence,] شَعَرٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) Hair intensely black. (M, K, TA.) And نَبْتٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) A plant intensely green, inclining to blackness by reason of its [deep] greenness. (M, K, TA.) And يَوْمٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) A day of much evil: (K, TA:) or a very evil day: and a day in which one finds hardship, or difficulty. (M.) And أَمْرٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) An affair such that one knows not how to enter upon it; (Az, M, K;) and so ↓ أَمْرٌ مِظْلَامٌ: (K:) [or,] accord. to Lh, one says ↓ يَوْمٌ مِظْلَامٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) a day such that one knows not how to enter upon it. (M.) مَظْلِمَةٌ and مَظْلَمَةٌ: see 1, near the beginning. b2: Also the former, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and the latter likewise, mentioned by Ibn-Málik and ISd and IKtt, and مَظْلُمَةٌ, which is disallowed by several but mentioned on the authority of Fr, and all three are mentioned in the Towsheeh and in copies of the S, (MF, TA,) and ↓ ظُلَامَةٌ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ ظَلِيمَةٌ, (S, TA,) A thing of which one has been defrauded; (M, K; [in the CK, تَظَلَّمَهُ is erroneously put for تُظُلِّمَهُ;]) a thing of which thou hast been defrauded, (اَلَّتِى

ظُلِمْتَهَا, T,) or a thing that thou demandest, (مَا تَطْلُبُهُ, S, Msb,) in the possession of the wrongdoer; (T, S, Msb;) a term for a thing that has been taken from thee; (S; [thus, as is said in the M, the first is expl. by Sb;]) a right, or due, that has been taken from one wrongfully: (A, Mgh:) the pl. of مظلمة is مَظَالِمُ. (Mgh, TA.) In the phrase يَوْمُ المَظَالِمِ, [meaning The day of the demand of things wrongfully taken, and particularly applied to the great day of judgment,] the prefixed noun [i. e. طَلَبِ] is suppressed. (Mgh.) [Respecting the office termed النَّظَرُ فِى المَظَالِمِ The examination into wrongful exactions, see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., see. ed., i. 132.]

مُظَلَّمٌ (assumed tropical:) A house, or chamber, decorated with pictures; (M, TA;) as though the pictures were put therein where they should not be: it is related in a trad. that the Prophet, having been invited to a repast, saw the house, or chamber, to be مُظَلَّم, and turned away, not entering: (M:) or adorned with gilding and silvering; an explanation disapproved by Az, but pronounced by Z to be correct, from الظَّلْمُ signifying “ the lustre, and brightness, of gold. ” (TA.) b2: and (assumed tropical:) Herbage spreading (مُنْبَثٌّ [in the CK مُنْبَت]) upon the ground, not rained upon. (K, TA.) b3: Also, of birds, (assumed tropical:) The رَخَم [or vultur percnopterus], and crows, or ravens. (IAar, M, K. *) مِظْلَامٌ: see مُظْلِمٌ, in two places.

مَظْلُومٌ [Wronged; treated, or used, wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: b2: and hence used in other senses]: see ظَلِيمٌ, in three places.

أَرْضٌ مَظْلُومَةٌ is also expl. as meaning (tropical:) Land that is dug in a place not proper for digging: (TA:) or land in which a watering-trough has been dug, not being a proper place for digging it: (ISk, M:) or land in which a well, or a wateringtrough, has been dug, when there had not been any digging therein: (A, TA:) or hard land, when it is dug. (Ham p. 56.) Also (assumed tropical:) Land upon which rain has not fallen. (T.) And بَلَدٌ مَظْلُومٌ (assumed tropical:) A country upon which rain has not fallen, and wherein is no pasturage for the camels upon which people journey. (T.) مُتَظَلِّمٌ: see ظَالِمٌ. Quasi ظلى 5 تظلّى: see 5 in art. ظل.

بوح

1 بَاحَ, (A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. بَوْحٌ, (A, Msb,) It (a secret, A, or a thing, Msb) became apparent, or manifest. (A, Msb, K.) Yousay, بَاحَ مَا كَتَبْتُ [What I concealed became apparent]. (A.) And أَعُوذُ بِاللّٰهِ مشنْ بَوْحِ السِّرِّ وَكَشْفِ السِّتْرِ [I seek protection by God from the appearing of the secret, and the removing of the veil, or covering]. (A.) A2: بَاحَ بِهِ, (S, A, Msb, K,) [aor. as above,] inf. n. بَوْحٌ and بُؤُوحٌ and بُؤُوحَةٌ, (K, TA,) He revealed, or disclosed, it; (S, A, Msb, K;) namely, a secret, (S, A, K,) or a thing; (Msb;) as also ↓ اباحهُ. (A, Msb, K.) It (the former) is said to be from ↓ الإِبَاحَهُ [the inf. n. of the latter] signifying The showing a thing to the beholder in order that he who will may take it. (TA.) You say, سِرًّا فَبَاحَ بِهِ ↓ أَبَاحَهُ He revealed to him a secret, and he (the latter) [revealed it, i. e.,] did not conceal it. (TA.) And بُحْ بِاسْمِكَ وَ لَا تَكْنِ عَنْهُ [Reveal thou thy name, and make not a mere allusion to it]. (A.) 4 اباح, inf. n. إِبَاحَةٌ: see 1, in three places. b2: إِبَاحَةٌ and ↓ اِسْتِبَاحَةٌ are used as syn.: but it is said that the former signifies The making a thing allowable, or free, to him who desires it, or seeks it: and the latter, the taking a thing as allowed, allowable, free, or lawful. (MF.) You say, اباح الشَّىْءَ He made the thing allowable, or free. (L.) And اباح مَالَهُ He gave permission either to take or let alone his property; made it allowable, or free, either way one might choose to take. (Msb.) And أَبَحْتُكَ الشَّىْءَ I made, or have made, the thing allowable, free, or lawful, to thee, (S, L, K, TA,) to take it, [or let it alone,] or do it, [or make use of it,] or possess it; but not by the law of the religion, for to do this belongs to God and his apostle; except in the language of this law. (MF, TA.) [Hence it is said that] إِبَاحَةٌ bears a signification similar to that of نُهْبَى [i. e. Spoliation; a taking of spoil; or the taking a thing as spoil; a signification more properly belonging to the inf. n. of 10, q. v.]. (L.) 10 استباحهُ He deemed it, or esteemed it, to be allowed, allowable, free, or lawful; namely, the property of another: (A:) or he took it as allowed, allowable, &c. (A, * MF.) See 4. b2: He took it as spoil, or plunder. (TA.) b3: He made an attack upon it; namely, the property of another. (Msb.) b4: He took him captive, making him as a lawful possession to him. (TA.) b5: And اِسْتَبَاحَهُمْ, (K,) or اِسْتَبَاحُوهُمْ, (S,) He, or they, extirpated, or exterminated, them. (S, K.) بُوحٌ has the following various significations assigned to it in explanations of the saying, اِبْنُكَ ابْنُ بُوحِكَ يَشْرَبُ مِنْ صَبُوحِكَ: (S, TA:) The penis: (S, K, Har p. 336:) the فَرْج [or pudendum, app. meaning, of a woman]: (K, Har p. 328 on the authority of AO:) the نَفْس [meaning one's self]: (IAar, T, S, Meyd, L:) coitus; syn. وَطْءٌ (S) or جِمَاعٌ: (K:) and accord. to the last but one of these renderings, [and virtually accord. to the others also,] the saying means Thy son is the son of thyself, [who drinks of thy morningdraught]; (T, TA;) he whom thou hast begotten, not he whom thou hast adopted: (IAar, and Mtr in Har p. 328:) or بوح, here, is pl. of بَاحَةٌ; (A, TA, Har p. 336;) and the meaning is, he who has been born within the courts of thy house; (A;) or, in the court of thy house, (TA, Har,) not in the house of another: (TA:) or بوح is here a subst. from بَاحَ الشَّىْءِ; and the meaning is, thy son is he whom thou hast openly acknowledged (بُحْتَ بِهِ), and whom his mother hath also, agreeably with thee: (Har p. 328:) [accord. to some,] it signifies also i. q. أَصْلٌ [i. e. origin; or race, or stock, which it may mean in the saying above: or original, or primary, state, or condition]; (K, Har p. 328;) [for] one says, رَجَعَ إِلَى بُوحِهِ [He returned, or reverted, to his original, or primary, state, or condition]. (Har p. 328.) بَاحَةٌ The court; or a spacious vacant part, or portion, in which is no building; syn. سَاحَةٌ, (S A, K,) and عَرْصَةٌ; (A, TA;) of a house or dwelling: (S, TA:) pl. بُوحٌ [q. v.]. (A, TA.) Hence [is said to be derived] بُحْبُوحَةُ الدَّارِ [mentioned in art. بح]. (TA.) One says also, نَحْنُ فِى بَاحَةِ الدَّارِ, meaning We are in the middle, or midst, or best part, of the abode, or district, or country; i. e. أَوْسَطِهَا. (TA.) And hence, accord. to Fr, تَبَحْبَحَ [explained in art. بح]. (Az, TA.) It is said in a trad., لَيْسَ لِلنِّسَآءِ مِنْ بَاحَةِ الطَّرِيقِ شَىْءْ, meaning [Women have no right] in the middle of the road. (TA.) b2: Also The main part or body of water: (K:) applied by most of the lexicologists to the sea. (TA.) [In the present day applied to A deep part of the sea, distant from land; the deep; the main, or main sea.] b3: And Many palm-trees. (Aboo-Sárim El-Bahdalee, IAar, K.) أَمَرَهُ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ بَوَاحًا He ordered him to disobey, or rebel, openly. (K.) The last word occurs in this sense in two trads.; but in one of them, accord. to one recital, it is بَرَاحًا. (TA.) هُوَ بَؤُوحٌ بِمَا فِى صَدْرِهِ He is one who reveals, or discloses, what is in his bosom; as also بَيْحَانٌ and بَيَّحَانٌ; (K;) the ى being originally و. (TA.) مُبَاحٌ Allowed or allowable [to be taken, or let alone, or done, or made use of, or possessed; see 4]; made allowable, free, or lawful; contr. of مَحْظُورٌ. (S, A.) المُبِيحُ The lion. (K.)

زندق

Q. 2 تَزَنْدَقَ [He adopted, or held, or professed, the tenets of the زِنْدِيق;] he was, or became, a زِنْدِيق: (S, * K, * TA:) [generally,] he was, or became, a مُلْحِد [i. e. deviater from the right religion, or an impugner of religions], and without religion; (KL;) [a disbeliever in the world to come and in the Deity, or the unity of the Creator: (see زَنْدَقَةٌ:) and an asserter of the endlessness of time: see زِنْدِيقٌ.]

زَنْدَقٌ, (Th, O, L, K, [in some of the copies of the K, and in my copy of the Msb, زِنْدِيقٌ, which, as is said in the TA, is a mistake,]) and ↓ زَنْدَقِىٌّ, A man very niggardly or avaricious. (Th, O, L, K, Msb.) زَنْدَقَةٌ a subst from the verb above mentioned; (S, K;) [The adoption, or belief, or profession, of the tenets of the زِنْدِيق: generally, deviation from the right religion, or the impugning of religious, and the state of him who is without religion;] disbelief in the world to come and in [the Deity, or] the unity of the Creator: (T, Mgh, Msb:) [and the assertion of the endlessness of time: see زِنْدِيقٌ.] b2: Also i. q. ضِيقٌ [as meaning Niggardliness, or avarice: see زَنْدَقٌ]. (L, TA.) زَنْدَقِىٌّ: see زَنْدَقٌ.

زُنْدُوقٌ a dial. var. of صُنْدُوقٌ [q. v.]; (K;) like as قَزْدٌ is of قَصْدٌ. (TA.) زِنْدِيقٌ One who is of the ثَنَوِيَّة [or asserters of the doctrine of Dualism]: (S, O, K:) or one who asserts his belief in [the two principles of] Light and Darkness: or one who does not believe in the world to come, nor in the Deity: (O, K:) or one who does not believe in the world to come nor in the unity of the Creator: (T, Msb:) or one who conceals unbelief and makes an outward show of belief: (K:) an arabicized word, (S, Msb,) originally Pers\., so they say, (Msb,) from الزَّنْدُ, which is a book belonging to them [i. e. the book of Zoroaster]: (PS:) [or from the Pers\. زَنْدِيك, meaning magian, or fire-worshipper: and this seems to be its primary meaning; as De Sacy says in his “ Chrest. Ar.,” 2nd ed., ii. 274:] or, accord. to IDrd, it is an arabicized word from the Persian زِنْدَه, (Mgh, [thus in my copy, app. for زَنْدَهْ, in which the ه may be, as it is in many other instances, an affix denoting some kind of relationship,]) or زَنْدَ كِرْ, (TA, as from the L, [but not very clearly written, and with an erasure, such as to suggest that the original and right reading may be زَنْدْ گِيرْ, which may be rendered holder of the Zend, but]) which is expl. as meaning he [who] asserts his belief in the eternity, or the endlessness, of the present world: (Mgh, TA:) or it is arabicized from زَنْ دِين i. e. woman's religion: (O, K:) or the right explanation is this: that it is a term of relation to the زَنْد, which is the book of Mánee the Magian, who was in the time of Bahrám the son of Hurmuz the son of Sáboor [or Shápoor], and who claimed to be successor to the Messiah, on whom be peace; and, desiring fame, composed this book, which he hid in a tree, and then took forth: الزَّنْدُ, in their language, is “ explanation; ” and he meant that this was the explanation of the book of Zará-dusht [or Zoroaster] the Persian; and in it he held that there are two gods, Light and Darkness, Light creating good, and Darkness creating evil: (TA:) or, accord. to the “ Mefáteeh el-'Uloom,”

زِنْدِيقٌ means a follower of Mánee, and also a follower of Mezdek, who (i. e. Mezdek) appeared in the days of Kubádh, and asserted that possessions and women were in common, and put forth a book which he called زند, which is the book of the Magians, that was brought by Zará-dusht, whom they assert to have been a prophet: and the companions of Mezdek were named in relation to [this] زند; which word, being arabicized, was converted into زِنْدِيقٌ: (Mgh:) Th says that زِنْدِيقٌ is not of the [genuine] language of the Arabs; (Mgh, TA;) and when the Arabs desire to express the meaning in which it is commonly used, (Mgh, * Msb, TA,) which is one who does not hold any religion, and who asserts his belief in the endlessness of time, (Msb,) they say مُلْحِدٌ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) i. e. [a deviater from the right religion, or] an impugner of religions, (Msb,) and دَهْرِىٌّ: (Mgh, TA:) some say that it is from الزَّنْدَقَةُ; because the زنديق straitens himself: (L, TA:) an Arab of the desert is related to have explained it as meaning one who looks much into things, or affairs: (Msb:) the pl. is زَنَادِقَةٌ and زَنَادِيقُ; (S, O, Msb, K;) the latter being the original pl., and the ة of the former being a substitute for the suppressed ى of the latter. (S, O.)

رد

1 رَدَّهُ, (S, M, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (S, M, L,) inf. n. رَدٌّ (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and مَرَدٌّ (S, M, L, K) and مَرْدُودٌ, (S, L, K,) this last an inf. n. like مَحْلُوفٌ and مَعْقُولٌ, (S, L,) and رِدَّةٌ (S [there said to be an inf. n., like رَدٌّ of رَدَّهُ, aor. ـُ and رِدِّيدَى, (S, L, K, [but in the S and L merely said to be syn. with رَدٌّ,]) an intensive form, (Mgh, TA,) and تَرْدَادٌ, which is [also] an intensive or a frequentative inf. n. of رَدَّهُ, (Sb, M, L,) and likewise an inf. n. of ردّدهُ; (Sb, S, M, L;) and ↓ ارتدّهُ; (M, L;) He made, or caused, him, or it, to return, go back, come back, or revert; sent, turned, or put, him, or it, back, or away; returned, rejected, repelled, or averted, him, or it; syn. رَجَعَهُ, (S, M, L, Msb,) and صَرَفَهُ, (S, M, L, K) and دَفَعَهُ; (Msb in art. دفع, &c.;) عَنْ وَجْهِهِ [from his, or its, course]. (S, M.) Hence, in the Kur [xxx. 42 and xlii. 46], يَوْمٌ لَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ [A day which there shall be no repelling, or averting], meaning the day of resurrection. (Th, M, L.) One says, أَمْرُ اللّٰهِ لَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ The command of God, there is no repelling, or averting it. (L.) and لَيْسَ لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ مَرْدُودٌ i. e. رَدٌّ [There is no repelling, or averting, the command of God.] (A.) and رَدَّهُ عَنِ الأَمْرِ He made him to return or revert, or turned him back or away, with gentleness, from the thing, or affair; as also لَدَّهُ. (T, L.) b2: Accord. to some, رَدَّ is made doubly trans. with إِلَى to the second objective complement when honour is intended to be shown, and with عَلَى

when dishonour is intended; and they adduce as evidence of the correctness of their assertion the sayings in the Kur [xxviii. 12] فَرَدَدْنَاهُ إِلَى أُمِّهِ [So we returned, or restored, him to his mother] and [iii. 142] يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ [They will turn you back, or cause you to return, to your former condition]: but instances may be found at variance with this assertion. (MF.) [Such instances are of frequent occurrence; though in others, the distinction pointed out above is observed, as may be seen in what here follows.] You say, رَدَّهُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ He sent him back to his abode. (S, L, Msb.) and رَدَّ إِلَيْهِ جَوَابًا He returned, or rendered, to him a reply, or an answer; (S, A, * L, Msb;) he sent to him a reply, or an answer. (Msb.) and رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ He replied to him, or answered him, in an absolute sense; (L;) and also, by way of refutation or objection, i. e. he replied against him; فَقَالَ and said, or بِقَوْلِهِ by his saying. (TA &c., passim.) And رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ He returned to him the salutation. (The Trads. &c., passim.) And رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ He returned, rendered, restored, or sent [back], to him the deposite; (Msb;) and المَنِيحَةَ [the she-camel, or sheep, or goat, lent to him for him to milk her]. (S in art. منح.) and رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, Mgh, L, K,) inf. n. رَدٌّ and مَرَدٌّ, (Mgh,) He rejected the thing, (such as a gift, A, and bad money, L,) refusing to receive it, or accept it, from him; [as though he cast it back at him;] and so الشَّىْءَ ↓ رَادَّهُ. (S, L, K. *) and in like manner, He rejected the thing in reply to him, charging him with error in respect of it. (S, L, K.) And رَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلَهُ [I rebutted, rejected, or repudiated, in reply to him, his saying, charging him with error therein; I refused him my assent to it]. (A, Msb.) [And رَدَدْتُ قَوْلَهُ I rebutted, rejected, or repudiated, in reply, or replication, his saying, as wrong, or erroneous; refuted it, or refelled it; refused assent to it; controverted it, or contradicted it. And رَدَّ الأَمْرَ He refused assent, or consent, to the thing, or affair. And رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرَ He refused him his assent, or consent, to the thing, or affair.] and رَدَّ السَّائِلَ He turned back, or away, the beggar, or asker, from the object of his want: (A:) [he rebuffed him:] or he sent away, or dismissed, the beggar, or asker, either with refusal or with a gift: occurring in trads. with both of these meanings. (L.) b3: رَدَّ البَابَ He shut, or closed, the door. (Mgh. [See مَرْدُودٌ.]) b4: [رَدَّ يَدَهُ إِلَى سَيْفِهِ is a phrase of frequent occurrence, meaning He put back his hand to his sword; it being hung behind him: (see 4 in art. خلف:) and hence, simply, he put his hand to his sword.] فَرَدُّوا

أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِى أَفْوَاهِهِمْ, in the Kur xiv. 10, means And they put their hands to their mouths by reason of vehement anger or wrath or rage. (Jel.) b5: رَدَّهُ فِى أَمْرٍ [He made him to enter again into an affair, or a state]. (ISh, TA in art. نكس.) b6: رَدَّ الشَّىْءَ He repeated the thing; did it again; syn. أَعَادَهُ. (M in art. عود.) You say, رَدَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الأَيْمَانَ He repeated to them the oaths. (L in art. جلد.) [In this sense, رِدِّيدَى is one of the inf. ns. in use; as in the following ex.] It is said in a trad., لَا رِدِّيدَى فِى الصَّدَقَةِ [There shall be no repeating in the case of the poor-rate]; (T, S, L;) meaning that the poor-rate shall not be taken twice (T, L) in one year. (L.) [See also 2, which has a similar signification.] b7: هٰذَا لَا يَرُدُّ عَلَيْكَ, originally لَا يَرُدُّ عَلَيْكَ شَيْئًا (assumed tropical:) [This will not return anything to thee], means [this will not bring any return to thee, or] this will not profit thee: (Har p. 483:) and مَا يَرُدُّ عَلَيْكَ هٰذَا (tropical:) This does not profit thee. (A.) b8: رَدَّ إِلَيْهِ الأَمْرَ (assumed tropical:) [He referred the affair, or case, to him for management or decision: or] he committed to him the affair, or case; syn. فَوَّضَهُ إِلَيْهِ. (S and A and K in art. فوض.) b9: [رَدَّ الشَّىْءَ إِلَى أَصْلِهِ, a phrase of frequent occurrence, He reduced the thing to its original state.] And رَدَّ الرُّبْعَ خُمْسًا [He reduced the fourth part to a fifth part]. (K in art. ربع.) b10: رَدَّ اللّٰهُ نَفْسِى إِلَى وَقْتِ انْتِهَآءِ مُدَّتِى [God brought my soul to the time of the end of my duration]. (IB, TA in art. امر.) b11: رَدَّهُ إِلَى الأَمْرِ [He reduced him to the thing, or affair]: (M and K in art. قصر, in explanation of قَصَرَهُ عَلَى

الأَمْرِ:) or he appropriated him [or it, restrictively,] to the thing, or affair. (TK in that art.) b12: رَدَّ آخِرَ الشَّىْءِ إِلَى أَوَّلِهِ, (S and K in art. عكس, &c,) and رَدَّ أَوَّلَهُ عَلَى آخِرِهِ, (Msb in the same art., &c.,) [He reversed the thing; made the last part of it to be first, and the first part of it to be last; turned it hind part before, and fore part behind.] And رَدَّ بَعْضَ الأَمْرِ عَلَى بَعْضِ [He reversed the order of part, or of the parts, of the affair, or case]. (TA in art. رك.) And رَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرَهُ i. q. عَكَسْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ [I reversed to him his affair, or case; I made his affair, or case, to become the contrary of what it was to him]. (Msb in art. عكس.) [Hence,] ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَا لَكُمُ الكَرَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ, in the Kur xvii. 6, means [Then we gave to you] the turn to prevail against them, or the victory over them. (Bd, Jel.) b13: [Hence, also, رَدَّهُ sometimes signifies He, or it, rendered him, or it; or caused him, or it, to become; (like صَيَّرَهُ;) when it has a second objective complement the contrary in meaning to the first; as in the following ex.; and it may have this meaning likewise when it has a second objective complement differing in meaning from the first in a less degree.] A poet says, رَمَى الحَدَثَانُ نِسْوَةَ آلِ حَرْبٍ

بِأَمْرٍ قَدْ سَمَدْنَ لَهُ سُمُودَا فَرَدَّ شُعُورَهُنَّ السُّودَ بِيضًا وَرَدَّ وُجُوهَهُنَّ البِيضَ سُودَا

[The casualties of fortune smote the women of the family of Harb with an event whereat they became confounded with great confoundedness; and it rendered their black hairs white, and rendered their white faces black]. (L in art. سمد.) 2 ردّدهُ, inf. n. تَرْدِيدٌ and تَرْدَادٌ, (S, L,) [the latter of which ns. is merely said in the K to be syn. with the former, and is said in the M and L to be also an inf. n. of رَدَّ in an intensive or a frequentative sense,] means more than رَدَّهُ; [i. e. He made, or caused, him, or it, to return, go back, come back, or revert; sent, turned, or put, him, or it, back, or away; returned, rejected, repelled, or averted, him, or it; much, frequently, again and again, or time after time;] having an intensive, or a frequentative, signification. (L.) b2: [Also He, or it, made, or caused, him, or it, to go, or move, repeatedly, to and fro; to go and come; to reciprocate: see its quasi-pass., 5. b3: Hence, (assumed tropical:) He, or it, made him, or caused him, to waver, or vacillate, in an affair, or between two affairs: see, again, 5. And hence, (assumed tropical:) He, or it, confounded, or perplexed, him, so that he was unable to see his right course: see, again, 5; and see also مُرَدَّدٌ.] And ردّد الأَمْرَ (assumed tropical:) [He agitated the thing, or affair, to and fro in his mind]. (TA in art. نج, &c.) b4: And He repeated it; iterated it: [or rather] he repeated it time after time; reiterated it: he reproduced it: he renewed it: syn. أَعَادَهُ, (W p. 15,) and كَرَّرَهُ, (A, and W ibid.,) and رَجَّعَهُ. (Mgh in art. رجع. [See also 1.]) You say, ردّد القَوْلَ He repeated the saying time after time; reiterated it; syn. كَرَّرَهُ. (A.) [and ردّد عَلَيْهِ الكَلَامَ He repeated to him the speech, or sentence, time after time; reiterated it to him.] And ردّد صَوْتَهُ فِى حَلْقِهِ He reiterated his voice in his throat, or fauces; syn. رَجَّعَهُ; (S and K in art. رجع, &c.;) [as camels and other animals do in braying; (the Lexicons passim;) and he quavered, or trilled, rapidly repeating many times one very short note, or each note of a piece;] like [as is done in] chanting, [for so the Arabs generally do in chanting, and in singing and piping, often throughout the whole performance,] (S in that art.,) or in reading or reciting, or in singing, or piping, or other performances, of such as are accompanied with quavering, or trilling. (TA in that art.) 3 رادّهُ, (L and TA in art. رود,) inf. n. مُرَادَدَةٌ, (TA in that art.,) or مُرَادَّةٌ, (TK in the present art.,) He endeavoured to turn him [from, or to, a thing]; syn. رَاجَعَهُ and رَاوَدَهُ. (L in art. رود.) b2: رادّهُ الشَّىْءَ: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph. [Hence,] رادّهُ القَوْلَ [and رادّهُ فِى

القَوْلِ (occurring in the TA in art. عت)] He disputed with him, rebutting, or rejecting, or repudiating, in reply to him, what he said; he bandied words with him; syn. رَاجَعَهُ. (A.) and رادّهُ البَيْعَ He dissolved, or annulled, with him the sale; syn. قَايَلَهُ. (A.) 4 اردّت She (a sheep or goat or other animal) secreted milk in her udder a little before her bringing forth; syn. أَضْرَعَتْ: (S:) [or,] said of a camel, her udder became shining, and infused with milk. (M, L.) And She (a camel) had her udder and vulva inflated, or swollen, in consequence of her lying upon moist ground: or had her vulva swollen in consequence of lust for the stallion: or had her أَرْفَاغ [or groins, or inguinal creases, or the like], or her udder, and her vulva, swollen in consequence of drinking much water. (M, L.) [See also مُردٌّ.] b2: And اردّ [said of a man, app. from the verb as explained in the first sentence of this paragraph, His seminal fluid returned into his back, or he secreted much seminal fluid, in consequence of his having been long without a wife, or absent from his home: see مُرِدٌّ: and see also 6. And hence, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, very libidinous: see, again, مُرِدٌّ. And] (assumed tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, swollen with anger. (M. [In the L and TA, erroneously written, in this sense, ارادّ: see, again, مُرِدٌّ.]) b3: Also It (the sea) was, or became, tumultuous, with many waves. (M, L.) 5 تردّد quasi-pass. of 2; (S, L;) He, or it, was made, or caused, to return, go back, come back, or revert; &c.; or he, or it, returned, went back, came back, or reverted; much, frequently, again and again, or time after time. (L.) Yousay, تَرَدَّدْتُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ I returned time after time to such a one (Msb.) And هُوَ يَتَرَدَّدُ إِلَى مَجَالِسِ العِلْمِ He repairs frequently to, or frequents, the assemblies of science; syn. يَخْتَلِفُ. (A.) See also 6. b2: [And as the returning repeatedly involves the going repeatedly, it signifies also, like اختلف, He, or it, went, or moved, repeatedly, to and fro; so went and came; or reciprocated. Thus,] تَرَدُّدُ الشَّىْءِ المُعَلَّقِ فِى الهَوَآءِ [means The moving to and fro of a thing suspended in the air]. (K in art. ذب.) You say, تردّدت الرُّوحُ The soul, or spirit, went and came. (W p. 5.) b3: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) He wavered, or vacillated, فِى الرَّأْىِ [in opinion]: (MA:) and فِى الأَمْرِ [in the affair], (S and K in art. لث, &c.,) and بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ [between two things, or affairs]. (S and K in art. ذب, &c.) And تردّد فِى صَدْرِى كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [Such a thing became agitated to and fro in my mind, or bosom]. (TA in art. رجع.) And تردّد said of a man, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, confounded, or perplexed, so that he was unable to see his right course. (Bd and Jel in ix. 45.) [And (assumed tropical:) He laboured, or exerted himself, as though going to and fro, or making repeated efforts, in an affair: a meaning well known.] b4: [And It was, or became, repeated time after time, or reiterated: it was, or became, reproduced: it was, or became, renewed.] Yousay, تردّد صَوْتُهُ فِى حَلْقِهِ His voice was, or became, reiterated in his throat, or fauces. (The Lexicons passim.) And تردّدفِى الفَآءِ [He reiterated in uttering the letter ف; or, as the meaning is shown to be in the K in art. فأ, he reiterated the letter ف (رَدَّدَ الفَآءَ)]. (S in art. فأ.) And تردّإ

فِى الجَوَابِ وَتَعَثَّرَ لِسَانُهُ [He reiterated, or stam-mered, or stuttered, in uttering the reply, and his tongue halted, faltered, or hesitated]. (A.) 6 ترادّ and ↓ تردّإ are both syn. with تَرَاجَعَ: (M, L:) [or nearly so; inasmuch as each implies repetition in returning:] you say, ترادّوا فِى مَسِيرٍ, meaning تَرَاجَعُوا [i. e. They returned, retired, or retreated, by degrees, or by little and little, in a journey, or march]. (TA in art. ثبجر.) and ترادّ المَآءُ The water reverted (↓ اِرْتَدّ [app. by repeated refluxes]) from its channel, on account of some obstacle in its way. (A.) And ترادّ المَآءُ فِى ظَهْرِهِ The seminal fluid returned [by degrees] into his back, in consequence of his having been long without a wife. (L. [See also 4.]) A2: تَرَادَّا القَوْلَ [or الكَلَامَ, and فِى القَوْلِ or فى الكَلَامِ, They two disputed together, each rebutting, or rejecting, or repudiating, in reply, what the other said; they bandied words, each with the other]. (A: there immediately following the phrase رَادَّهُ القَوْلَ [q. v.].) And ترادّا البَيْعَ They two rejected, (S, Msb,) or dissolved, or annulled, (S,) [by mutual consent,] the sale. (S, Msb.) 8 ارتدّ quasi-pass. of 1 as expl. in the first sentence of this art.; (Msb;) He, or it, returned, went back, came back, or reverted; &c.; (S, L, Msb, * K;) [عَنْ وَجْهِهِ from his, or its, course; and] عَنْ سَعْدِهِ وَدِينِهِ [from his state of prosperity and his religion]; (A;) and إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ [to his abode]: (Msb:) or he turned, or shifted; عَنْهُ [from it]; and عَنْ دِينِهِ [from his religion]. (M.) [Hence, He apostatized; or revolted from his religion: and particularly] he returned from El-Islám to disbelief; (Msb;) or so ارتدّ عِنِ الإِسْلَامِ. (L.) And يَرْتَدُّ البَصَرُ عَنْهُ مِنْ قُبْحِهِ [The eye reverts from him by reason of his unseemliness, or ugliness]. (TA.) See also 6. b2: [Hence also,] اِرْتَدَّتْ نَفْسِى إِلَى وَقْتِ انْتِهَآءِ مُدَّتِى

[My soul was brought, or came, to the time of the end of my duration]. (IB, TA in art. امر.

[See a verse of El-'Ajjáj cited voce أَمَارٌ.]) b3: And اِرْتَدَّتْ عَلَى فُلَانٍ بِغْيَتُهُ [The thing that he sought was refused, or denied, to such a one]: said of one who finds not what he seeks. (TA in art. بغى.) A2: ارتدّهُ is syn. with رَدَّهُ as expl. in the first sentence of this art., q. v. (M, L.) b2: See also 10, (with which it is likewise syn.,) in two places.10 استردّ الشَّىْءَ, and ↓ ارتدّهُ, He desired, or sought, or demanded, that the thing should be returned, or restored, to him; revoked, recalled, or retracted, it. (M, L.) You say, هِبَتَهُ ↓ ارتدّ [and استردّها He revoked, recalled, or retracted, his gift: or the former signifies] he took back his gift; repossessed himself of it; restored it to his possession; syn. اِرْتَجَعَهَا. (A.) And استردّهُ الشَّىْءَ He asked him, (S, A, L, K,) and desired, or sought, of him, (K,) that he should return, or restore, the thing. (S, A, L, K.) رَدٌّ an inf. n. of رَدَّهُ. (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) b2: [Hence,] ضَيْعَةٌ كَثِيرَةُ الرَّدِّ, and ↓ المَرَدِّ, [this being also an inf. n. of the same, (tropical:) An estate] yielding much revenue. (A.) [See also رَادَّةٌ.] b3: [Hence also, app.,] فِى لِسَانِهِ رَدٌّ In his tongue, or speech, is a difficulty of utterance, or a hesitation, (S, K, * TA,) [probably meaning such as occasions the repetition of certain letters.]

A2: It is also an inf. n. used as an epithet, signifying, (L, Msb,) and so ↓ مَرْدُودٌ, (M, L, Msb,) and ↓ رَدِيدٌ, (M, L,) Made, or caused, to return, go back, come back, or revert; sent, turned, or put, back, or away; returned, rejected, repelled, or averted: (M, L, Msb: *) rejected as meaning not received or accepted: rejected as wrong or erroneous; [as] contrary to the precepts, or ordinances, of the Sunneh: (L:) رَدٌّ signifies anything returned after it has been taken. (M.) b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) A dirhem that will not pass; that is not current; (A, Mgh, L;) that is returned to him who offers it in payment: (M, L:) pl. رُدُودٌ. (M, A, L, K.) b3: And hence, (Mgh,) (tropical:) A thing (S, A) that is bad, corrupt, disapproved, or abominable. (S, A, K.) b4: Also, (TA passim,) and ↓ مَرْدُودٌ, (S in art. رجع, and A, *) and ↓ رَدِيدٌ, (A, * [where it is evidently mentioned in this sense, a sense in which it is still often used,] A reply; an answer; syn. مَرْجُوعٌ, and جَوَابٌ. (S in art. رجع.) Yousay, قَوْلِكَ ↓ هٰذَا مَرْدُودُ and ↓ رَدِيدُهُ [This is the reply, or answer, to thy saying]. (A: there immediately following the phrase رَدَّ إِلَيْهَ جَوَابًا.) b5: And A camel used for riding or carriage: so called because brought back from the pasture to the dwelling on the day of journeying. (T.) رِدٌّ A support, or stay, of a thing: (M, K:) a refuge; an asylum. (Kr, M.) A poet says, فَكُنْ لَهُ مِنَ البَلَايَا رِدَّا يارَبِّ أَدْعُوكَ إِلَاهًا فَرْدَا meaning [O my Lord, I call Thee one God; then be Thou to him] a refuge from trials: and رِدَّا occurs in a reading of verse 34 of ch. xxviii. of the Kur; meaning as above; or thus written and pronounced for رِدْءًا, on account of the pause, after suppressing the ء. (M.) رَدَّةٌ, (T, S, A, K,) or ↓ ردَّةٌ, (so in a copy of the M,) (tropical:) [A quality that repels the eye:] unseemliness, or ugliness, (IAar, IDrd, S, M, K,) with somewhat of comeliness, in the face: (S:) or somewhat of unseemliness or ugliness (T, A) in the face of a woman who has some comeliness, (T,) or in the face of a comely woman: (A:) or unseemliness, or ugliness, from which the eye reverts: (Aboo-Leylà:) and a fault, or defect, (IAar, IDrd, M,) in a man, (IAar,) or in the face. (IDrd, M.) b2: And the former, (accord. to a copy of the M,) or ↓ the latter, (A, K,) (tropical:) A receding (تَقَاعَسٌ) in the chin, (M, A, K) when there is in the face somewhat of unseemliness, or ugliness, and somewhat of comeliness. (M.) b3: And the former, (accord. to a copy of the A,) or ↓ the latter, (K,) (tropical:) The returned sound of the echo; as in the phrase, سَمِعْتُ رَدَّةَ الصَّدَى [I heard the returned sound of the echo]: (A:) or the echo of a mountain. (K.) b4: Also the former, A gift, or stipend; syn. عَطِيَّةٌ. (L, from a trad.) b5: And Affection, and desire: so in the phrase, لَهُ رَدَّةٌ فِينَا [He has affection, and desire, for us], in a verse of 'Orweh Ibn-El-Ward. (Sh.) رِدَّةٌ a subst. from اِرْتَدَّ, (S, M, L, K,) signifying [An apostacy: and particularly] a returning from El-Islám to unbelief; (L, Msb;) or so رِدَّةٌ عَنِ الإِسْلَامِ. (M.) b2: See also رَدَّةٌ, in three places. b3: Also Camels' drinking water a second time (M, L, K) and so causing the milk to return into their udders; as also ↓ رَدَدٌ. (M, L.) b4: and A swelling of the teats of a she-camel: or their swelling by reason of the collecting of the milk: as also ↓ رَدَدٌ, in either sense: and the former, a camel's udder's becoming shining, and infused with milk: (M, L:) or the udder's becoming filled with milk before bringing forth. (As, S, K.) b5: And A remain, remainder, or anything remaining. (M, L.) رَدَدٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

رُدُدٌ: see رَادٌّ رَدَادٌ and رِدَادٌ substs. from استردّ الشَّىْءَ and ارتدّهُ; [accord. to the K, of رَدَّهُ as expl. in the first sentence of this art., but this is a mistake, for the meaning evidently is Desire for the return, or restoration, of a thing;] as in the saying of El-Akhtal, وَمَا كُلُّ مَغْبُونٍ وَلَوْ سَلْفَ صَفْقُهُ يُرَاجِعُ مَا قَدْ فَاتَهُ بِرَِدَادِ

[And not every one who has been cheated in a sale, his striking of the bargain having passed, will restore, or bring back, what has escaped him, by a desire for its restoration]. (M, L. [In the M, in art. سلف, this verse is differently related; with مُبْتَاعٍ, for مَغْبُونٍ, and بِرَاجِعِ for يُرَاجِعُ: and it is there said that سَلْفَ is here used by poetic license for سَلَفَ.]) رَدِيدٌ: see رَدٌّ, in three places. b2: Also Clouds (سَحَابٌ) of which the water has been poured forth. (K.) b3: And A compact limb, or member. (M, L. [See also مُتَرَدِّدٌ.]) رُدَّى: see مَرْدُودٌ.

رَدَّادٌ, (as in the T and in some copies of the K,) or ↓ رَدَّادِىٌّ, (as in other copies of the K and in the TA,) A setter of broken bones: from رَدَّادٌ as the name of a certain well-known bone-setter. (T, K.) رَدَّادىٌّ: see what next precedes.

رَادٌّ sing. of ↓ رُدُدٌ, (TA,) which signifies Unseemly, or ugly; [or having a quality that repels the eye; (see رَدَّةٌ;)] applied to men. (IAar, K, TA.) b2: See also what next follows.

رَادَّةٌ [the act. part. n. رَادٌّ converted by the affix ة into a subst.]. You say, هٰذَا الأَمْرُ لَا رَادَّةَ لَهُ, (S, L,) or فِيهِ, (K,) or فيه ↓ لا رَادَّ, (so in a copy of the A, [but probably a mistranscription,]) and ↓ لا مَرَدَّةَ, (K,) (tropical:) This affair has, or will have, or there is in it, or will be in it, no profit, (S, A, L, K,) or no return. (S, L.) [See also رَدٌّ.]

A2: Also The piece of wood, in the fore part of the عَجَلَة [or cart], that is put across between the نَبْعَانِ [or two shafts, thus called because they were commonly made of wood of the tree called نَبْع; which piece rests upon the neck of the bull that draws the cart]. (K.) أَرَدُّ (tropical:) More, and most, profitable [or productive of a return]. (S, L, K.) So in the saying, هٰذَا الأَمْرُ أَرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) [This affair is, or will be, more, or most, profitable to him]. (S, L.) مَرَدٌّ: see رَدٌّ, second sentence.

مُرِدٌّ A ewe or she-goat (S, K) or other animal (S) secreting milk in her udder before bringing forth: (S, K:) or a she-camel having her udder shining, and infused with milk; (Ks, M, L;) as also مُرْمِدٌ: (Ks, L:) and any female near to bringing forth, and having her belly and udder large. (M, L.) And A she-camel having her udder and vulva inflated, or swollen, in consequence of her lying upon moist ground: or whose vulva is swollen in consequence of lust for the stallion: or having her أَرْفَاغ [or groins, or inguinal creases, or the like], or her udder, and her vulva, swollen in consequence of drinking much water: (M, L:) and a he-camel, (T, K,) and a she-camel, (T, L,) heavy from drinking much water: pl. مَرَادُّ. (T, L, K.) b2: Also, [app. from the first of the meanings explained in this paragraph,] A man who has been long without a wife, or absent from his home, (T, * L, * K,) and whose seminal fluid has in consequence returned into his back; (T, L;) as also ↓ مَرْدُودٌ. (K.) And [hence,] (assumed tropical:) Very libidinous; (S, K;) applied to a man. (S.) and (assumed tropical:) [Swollen with anger; see 4: or] angry. (K.) One says, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مُرِدَّ الوَجْهِ Such a one came angry [in countenance]. (S.) b3: Also A sea (T, S) tumultuous with waves; syn. مَوَّاجٌ: (K:) having many waves: (S:) or having much water. (T.) مِرَدٌّ A man who repels much, and often wheels away and then returns to the fight; or who repels and returns much. (M, L.) مَرَدَّةٌ: see رَادَّةٌ.

مُرَدَّدٌ: see the next paragraph. b2: Also, [and ↓ مُتَرَدِّدٌ, (see 5,)] (tropical:) A man (S, A) confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course. (S, A, K.) مَرْدُودٌ: see رَدٌّ, in three places. b2: You say also, ↓ لَا خَيْرَ فِى قَوْلٍ مَرْدُودٍ وَمُرَدَّدٍ [There is no good in a saying rebutted and reiterated]. (A.) b3: And بَابٌ مَرْدُودٌ A door shut, or closed; not opened. (Mgh.) b4: And اِمْرَأَةٌ مَرْدُودَةٌ (tropical:) A woman divorced; (T, S, * M, A, K; *) as also ↓ رُدَّى: (AA, K:) because she is sent back to the house of her parents. (A.) [In the present day, also applied to A woman taken back after divorce.]

b5: See also مُرِدٌّ.

A2: Also an inf. n. [of an unusual form] of رَدَّهُ. (S, L, K.) مَرْدُودَةٌ [the part. n. مَرْدُودٌ converted by the affix ة into a subst.,] (tropical:) A razor: [so called] because it is turned back into its handle. (S, A, K.) مُرْتَدٌّ, from اِرْتِدادٌ meaning “ a returning; ” (S;) [An apostate: and particularly] one who returns from El-Islám to disbelief. (L.) مُتَرَدِّدٌ: see مُرَدَّدٌ. b2: Also A man compact and short, not lank in make: (M, L:) or extremely short. (L.) [See also رَدِيدٌ.]

عقب
العَقَبُ: ما يُشَدُ به الرِّماحُ والسِّهامُ. والعَقَبَةُ: طَريْقٌ وَعْرٌ في الجَبَل، والجَميعُ العَقَبُ والعِقَابُ.
والعَقِبُ: مُؤَخَرُ القَدَم، وتميمٌ تُخَفِّفُه، والجميعُ الأعْقاب. وفُلانٌ مُوَطَأُ العَقِبِ: الرَّئيس المَتْبوع.
ووَلى على عَقِبه: إِذا أخَذَ في وَجْهٍ ثم انْثَنى راجِعاً. وأعْقَبَ: خَفَفَ عَقِباً.
وقَوْلُ العَرَب: لا عَقِبَ له: أيْ وَلَداً ذَكَراً. ومَالَهُ تَعْقِبَةٌ، أي عَقِبٌ. ويقال للقادِم: مِنْ أيْنَ عَقِبُكَ؟: أي من أيْنَ أقْبَلْتَ؟. ولَوْ كانَ له عَقِبٌ لَتَكَلَمَ: أي جَواب. ووَلى ولم يُعَقبْ: لم يَعْطِفْ؛ ويُقال: لم يُعْقِبْ أيضاً. والتعْقِيْبُ: الغَزْوُ بَعْدَ الغَزْو. والانْصِرافُ من الأمورِ يُريْدُها.
والخَيْلُ تُعَقبُ في عدْوِها لم تَزدَدْ إلا جَودةً، وهو ذو عَقْبٍ. وعَقبَتْ علي في تلك السلْعَةِ عُقَب: أدْرَكَني فيها دَرك.
والتُعْقِبَة: الدركُ. وهُما يُعَقبانِ فلاناً: تَعَاوَنا عليه. وكُل ما خَلَفَ شَيْئاً فقدْ عَقَبَه، وهُما غقِيْبان، وقد اعْتقَبا وتَعَاقَبا. وأتى إليه خَيْراً فَعَقب بغيَر مُكافَأةٍ.
والعقبَة والعِقَاب والعقْبى: المُكافَأَةُ والثواب. وإِذا كانَ للفَرس جَمَام بعدَ انقِطاع الجَرْي قيل له: عِقَاب. وعَقب الأمْرِ وعَاقِبَتُه وعَاقِبُه وعُقْبَاه: آخِرُه، وجمَعُ العَقْب على الأعْقاب؛ والعُقْبى على العُقب. وأعْقَبَ هذا ذاك: صارَ مَكانَه. وأعْقَبْت الطي: إذا طويْتَ البئْر فأعْقَبْتَ الحَوَامى بججارة من خَلْفِها. وأعْقَبَ الأمر عقْبَاناً وعُقْبى، واعْقِبَ عِزاً: أبدل.
واسْتَعْقَبَ مِن كذا خَيْراً وتعقبَ: واحِدٌ. وتَعَقبْتُهُ: تَتبعْتَ أثَرَه. وهُما يتَعاقَبانِ الرُّكُوبَ بينهما أو الأمْرَ: يَرْكَبُ هذا عُقْبَةً وهذا عقْبَةً. والعُقْبَة فَرْسَخان.
وعقْبُ الحَوْض: عُقْره. ولا يَفْعلُ كذا إلا عُقْبَةَ القَمَرِ: وذلك إِذا قّارَنَ الثُّريّا؛ وُيقارنها في السنَةِ مَرّة، وهو من المعَاقَبَة؛ وذلك إِذا اسْتَوى اللَيلُ والنَّهار. وقيل: هو عَوْدَته إذا غَاب.
والعُقْبَةُ: كُلّ ما يُرْعى بَعدَ الحُمُوْضَة. وعُقْبَةُ النّاس بَعد الطًعام: الحَلْوَاء. ولَقِيْتُ منه عُقْبَةَ الضبُع: أي الشَدَة.
وحُكِيَ: كنْتُ مَرهً نشبَةَ وأنا اليَوْمَ عُقْبَة: أي كنتُ أنْشب في الشًر قَديماً قَوياً واليومَ اعْقِبْتُ ضَعْفَاَ. وعُقبَةُ القِمْرِ وعِقْبَتُها: ما يَبْقى فيها من المَرَقِ عندَ رَدَها إذا استَعاروها.
وجِئْت في عُقْبِ الشَهْر وعُقْبانِه: أي بَعْدَ ما يَمْضِي. وفي عَقِبهِ وعَقْبِه: إِذا بقِيَتْ منه بَقِيَةٌ.
وعقْبَةُ: اسْم رَجُلً. وأخَذَ بِعُقْبَةِ فُلانٍ: أي مَكانَه. وهو عالم بعقْبى الكَلام: أي غامضِه. واحذر عَقبَ اللهِ وعِقابَه وعقُوْبَتَه.
وكُلُّ طَريقٍ بَعْضُها خَلْفَ بَعض: أعْقَابٌ؛ كأنَّها مَنْضُودةٌ عَقْبٌ على عَقْبٍ.
والمِعْقَبُ: الخِمَارُ. ونَجْمٌ يُهْتَدى به. والعِقَابُ والعُقَابُ: الخَيْطُ الذي يُجْمَعُ به طَرَفا القُرْطِ في الأذُن. والمِعْقَابُ: المَرْأةُ وِلادَتُها أبَداً أنْ تأتيَ بذَكَرٍ بَعْدَ أنثى. والعَقُوْبانِ: الخَشَبَتان تُنْصَبان على حَرْفَي البِئر. والإعْقَابَةُ: سِمَةٌ في الأذن، وشَاةٌ معَاقَبَةٌ ومُعْقَبَة.
والعُقَابُ: طائرٌ. والعَلَمُ الضَخْم، تَشبيهاً به. وصَخْرَةٌ ناتِئةٌ في عُرْض جَبَل أو حُولِ بئرٍ، وربما كان في البئر من قِبَل الطيِّ إذا زالت الصخرةُ عن مَوْضِعِها، والذي يُسوَيها: مُعَقِّبٌ.ْ ومَسِيْلُ الماء إلى الحَوْض. والجَمْعُ في الكُل: العِقْبَان. وإذا حَلَّفْتَ الرجُلَ فلَمْ تَرْضَ بِيَمين دونَ يمينٍ: فذلك العُقَابانِ. وعليه عِقْبَةُ جَمَال وعُقْبَتُه: أي أثَرُه، وكذلك في السُّرور.
والعِقْبَةُ لُغَةٌ في العِقْمة: لِضَرْبٍ من الثياب. وتَغَيرَ بِعَاقِبَةٍ: أي عن قريب.
وعَاقِبَةٌ من الطيْر: أي يَعْقُبُ بعضُها مكانَ بعض كأنَه تَقَعُ الأخْرى مكانَ الأولى. والعَاقِبُ: آخِرُ الأنْبياء.
والعَوَاقِبُ والمُعَاقِبَةُ من الإبل: التي تأكُلُ من الحَمْض مرةً ومن الخلة أخرى، وقد عَقَبَتْ عُقُوْباً. وعَاقِبَةُ البُرَةِ: حَلْقَتُها. والعَقِب: الخَلِيْفُ. واليَعْقُوْبُ: ذَكَرُ القَبَج والقَطا.
وتسمى الخيل: بعاقيب لسرعتها. واعْتَقَبْتُ الشَيْءَ: حَبَسْتَه. وال
معقب الذي يَتَبعُ عَقِبَ الإِنسانِ في طَلَبِ حَق. وله مُعَقَبَاتٌ من جَوانِبه: أي حَفَظَةٌ.

عقب: عَقَّب (بالتشديد): ًأصلح، قوم، عدّل، صحح، نقّح. (ألكالا، المقدمة 1: 12).
عَقَّب: أغنى، أثرى. خلف، أورث (فوك) ففي القسم الأول منه.
عَقَّب لِوِلْدِه: أشبه أباه في أخلاقه (فوك) عاقب. عاقبا المنشار بينهما: جعلا المنشار يذهب ويجيء بينهما بالتناوب والتعاقب. (المقدمة 3: 309).
عاقب. عاقب (أو أعْقَب) بين الناس: بدَّل الحامية، أرسل إلى المدينة حامية جديدة لتحل محل الحامية التي كانت فيها. (البلاذري ص223، 236) وقد ذكر في معجم البلاذري غير هذا، إلا أن السيد دي غويه قد اعترف إنه قد أخطأ بذلك.
أعْقَب: أخر عمل الشيء وعمله متأخراً، وهو ضد أسلف. ففي كتاب عبد الواحد (ص88): يقول الشاعر: فيما سبق من الزمن أسلفت دلائل إخلاصي وحبي، وأعترف أني بعد ذلك أعقبتُ أَعْماَل مفسد (وفي المطبوع أعقبتَ وهو من خطأ الطباعة).
أعقب الناقة): نزل عن الناقة ليركب أخرى (معجم مسلم).
أعقب أخاه على زوجته: تزوج أرملة أخيه. (معجم البيان).
أعقب بين الناس: انظرها في عاقب.
أعقب ب: أبدل، أقام في مقام، أحل في محل، استبدل. (وهو جفلايت ص49).
أعقب فلاناً ب. يقال مثلاً: أعقبهم الله بالجوع. أي عاقبهم الله بالجوع (أخبار ص61).
أعقب كلامه ب: أضاف شيئاً إلى خطابه (بوشر).
تعقبَّ: ندم. (البكري ص130).
تعقبَّ: راقب، فتش. ففي حيان- بسام (1: 10و): خدمة التعقب والمحاسبة أي وظيفة المراقبة والتفتيش المالي. وفي بسام (3: 60ق): ولى زمام التعقب على أهل الأندلس.
تعقَّب على فلان: صحح كلامه وعلق عليه.
(عباد 2: 91 ورقم 85، المقري 1: 201، 613، ابن بطوطة 4: 104، العبدري ص111، ابن عبد الملك ص 3ق، الخطيب ص91 ق).
تعقَّب: أعاد عمل الشيء (فوك، ألكالا) وفي معجم الكالا: rehasimiento ( تَعَقُّب وإعادة) وانظر: عقَّب في معجم لين.
تعاقَب: تعاقب القوم في الأمر والشيء: عملوه مناوبة، أو استخدموه مناوبة. (محيط المحيط).
على التعاقب: عدة مرات، مرَّة بعد أخرى. (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 406).
تعاقب: كما يقال تعاقب المسافران على الدابة (لين) يقال عن الرجال: تعاقبوا على امرأة، أي وطؤوها كل واحد بنوبته. (ألف ليلة 2: 232) كما يقال عن عدد من الأشخاص تولوا الملك أو توارثوا لغة أو إرثا واحداً بعد الآخر: تعاقبوا عليه (البكري ص67، المقدمة 3: 303).
تعاقب: مطاوع عاقب، بمعنى أصابته عقوبة (معجم مسلم).
انعقب: تأخر (أداء المستحق). ففي العبدري (ص59 و): أراد أمير مكة سجن الحجاج المصريين فقال له تركي: فيما تأخذهم قال له في حقوق وجبت لي على مَلك مِصْر ولي حظ في بيت المال منعقبة (منعقب) أعواماً.
اعتقب: انظر لمفصل (ص89) ففيه: ومن ذلك قِنَّسرَيٌ ونصيَّبيٌ ويبريء فيمن جعل الإعراب قبل النون ومن جعله معتقب الإعراب قال قنسريني.
عُقب: عقيب الاولاد، آخر من يولد منهم (بوشر).
عَقَب: عصاب، وهي أعصاب الجمل تجفف في الشمس وتفرق إلى أجزاء في مثل رقة خيط الحرير. أو هي وبر الجمل المفتول. (دوماس عادات ص264).
عُقِب: قعر الكأس، قعر الإناء. (بوشر).
عَقِب: كتاب مطبوع بعد وفاة مؤلفه. (بوشر).
عقب الرمح: زُجُّ الرمح. (بوشر).
عَقْبة: آخر حصاد الذرة. حصاد الذرة الثالث (نيبور رحلة إلى بلاد العرب ص146).
عِقْبَة: أثر. وتجمع على عِقَب (أبو الوليد ص544).
عَقَبة: مرقى صعب من الجبال، وجمعها في معجم الكالا: عقائب. ويقال: بلادهم عَقْبة (كذا) أي بلادهم مرقى صعب؟ (مارتن ص23).
عَقَبَة: عقدة، معضلة، مشكلة، (ومتاهة، تيه. (بوشر).
عَقَبَة: قربى، قرابة، واشجة النسب (ألكالا).
عَقَبَة: في مصر نوع من القوارب الكبيرة، صندل. وجمعها عقبات وعَقَب. (مملوك 2، 1: 24).
ويقول ستوشوف (ص424): وللأغنياء زوارق خاصة يستخدمونها للتنزه عند زيادة النيل ويسمونها أشبه ( Achaba) وهي قوارب مسطحة، يبلغ كوثلها (مؤخرها) أكثر من نصفها، منها مربعة محاطة بأعمدة درابزين لئلا يزعج النوتية من يجلس فيها. وهي مفروشة في الداخل بطنافس ثمينة. وأعلاها مغطى بقماش مشمع، وداخلها مصبوغ وملون بأنواع الألوان بحيث يرى الجالس فيها إنه في صالة جميلة. انظر وصف ثفينيو المطول أيضاً (1: 465) عند مونكونيس (ص282) حيث تحرفت الكلمة إلى أكور به، وعند لين (عادات 2: 293).
عَقِبَة = كعب، القسم الأسفل من السهم.
(الجريدة الآسيوية 1848، 2: 210).
عَقِبَة: كل طرف من طرفي القوس، قاب القوس. (نفس المصدر السابق).
عُقبى: بمعنى تعويض، بدل، جزاء، مكافأة (لين 2101 في آخر). وفي معجم البلاذري (ص66): وقد خفضت الضريبة عنهم عقبى لهم عن أرضهم التي انتزعت منهم. وقد أعترف السيد دي غويه إنه قد أساء تفسير هذه الكلمة في معجم البلاذري.
عقبا لكل سنة: أتمنى لك سنة سعيدة، وهي تهنئة تقال عادة في اليوم الأول ن السنة في حلب. (بوشر).
عُقاب: عقاب منسوري، عقاب بحري، كاسر العظام. (الكالا).
عُقاب: أبو الخطاف، حدأة. (شيرب).
عُقاب: يطلق أصحاب الكيمياء اسم هذا الطائر على ملح النشادر. (دفيك ص8).
عقَّابية: لوز أخضر. (بوشر). عاقب: كان لنصارى نجران ثلاثة رؤساء: السيد هو القائد العسكري، والعاقب وهو الرئيس المدني، والأسقف. (معجم البلاذري، محيط المحيط).
عاقبة: آخر كل شيء وخاتمته، ويقال مثلاً: عاقبته ترجع عليك (بوشر).
بلسم التعقيبة: صمغ الكبيبة (بوشر).
مُعَقَّب: من له عَقَب. (الكامل ص242).
معاقب: متشدد، متعصب. (بوشر).