عقو

1 عَقَا الأَمْرَ, aor. ـْ and [عَقَى, aor. ـَ He disliked, or hated, the thing, or affair. (K.) A2: And عَقَاهُ, aor. ـْ is syn. with عَاقَهُ [meaning He, or it, hindered, prevented, impeded, or withheld, him], being formed from the latter by transposition; (S, TA;) i. q. حَبَسَهُ; as also ↓ اعتقاهُ; (TA;) [and this is app. meant by its being said that] الاِعتِقَآءُ is syn. with الاِحْتِبَاسُ, and is formed by transposition from الاِعْتِيَاقُ. (S, TA.) 8 إِعْتَقَوَ see the preceding paragraph.

عَقًا and [its n. un.] عَقَاةٌ: see the next paragraph; the latter in two places.

عَقْوَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ عَقَاةٌ (S) The environs of a house: (S, K:) and the سَاحَة [i. e. court, or open area,] of a house: (S:) and the former, the environs of a مَحَلَّة [or place of alighting, or of descending and stopping, &c.]: (ISd, K, TA: [والمَحَلَّةُ in the CK should be والمَحَلَّةِ:]) as also ↓ عَقَاةٌ: (K, TA:) the pl. (of عَقْوَةٌ TA) is عِقَآءٌ, (K, TA,) and the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of عَقَاهٌ is ↓ عَقًا, like as حَصًى is of حَصَاةٌ. (TA.) One says, مَا يَطُورُ بِعَقْوَتِهِ أَحَدٌ [No one approaches the environs of his house]. (S, TA.) And اِذْهَبْ فَلَا أَرَيَنَّكَ بِعَقْوَتِى [Depart thou, and I will assuredly not see thee in the environs of my house]. (TA.) مُعَقٍّ, mentioned here in the K: see the next art. عقى.1 عَقَى الأَمْرَ, aor. ـْ see 1 in art. عقو.

A2: عَقَى, aor. as above, inf. n. عَقْىٌ, said of an infant, (S, K,) He voided his عِقْى; (K;) [i. e.] he voided his ordure for the first time, and, after that, while he was a youngling. (S.) It is said in a trad. of I'Ab, that when a child once suckled by a woman voids his عِقْى, she and her children become, to him, within the prohibited degrees of marriage, because it is known thereby that the milk has entered his belly. (TA.) A3: مَا أَدْرِى مِنْ أَيْنَ عُقِيتَ and ↓ اعْتُقِيتَ mean I know not whence thou camest, or hast come. (K, * TA.) 2 عقّى He (a bird) rose high in his flight. (S, K.) b2: And عَقَّتِ الدَّلْوُ The bucket rose in the well turning round. (TA in art. عقو.) [See also 1, (last sentence,) in art. عق.] b3: And عقّى

بِسَهْمِهِ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَعْقِيَةٌ, (K,) He shot his arrow [up] into the air; (S, K;) a dial. var. of عَقَّهُ [or rather of عَقَّ بِهِ]. (S.) The Hudhalee, (S,) El-Mutanakhkhil, (TA,) or Aboo-Dhu-eyb, (L in art. وضح,) says, عَقَّوْا بِسَهْمٍ فَلمْ يَشْعُرْ بِهِ أَحَدٌ ثُمَّ اسْتَفَاؤُوا وَقَالُوا حَبَّذَا الوَضَحُ [They shot an arrow towards the sky, and no one knew of it: then they returned, and said, An excellent thing is milk]; (S, TA;) meaning, “we would rather have milk than the blood of him who killed our companion; ” preferring that camels should be given them as a compensation: (L in art. وضح:) it is related [thus] with fet-h to the doubled ق, so that its place is here; and also with damm thereto, so that its place is art. عق, in which it has been mentioned. (TA. [See a similar verse cited voce عَقَّ, and the explanation thereof, there preceding that verse.]) A2: And عقّاهُ, inf. n. as above, He gave him to drink [or to swallow] what would cause his عِقْى [q. v.] to pass forth, (K, TA,) or honey in order that it might have that effect. (TA.) 4 اعقى It was, or became, bitter, (K,) or intensely bitter. (S, K.) b2: And اعقاهُ He removed it from his mouth because of its bitterness: (S, K:) like as one says أَشْكَيْتُهُ meaning “ I removed him from that of which he complained,” (S, TA,) [or “ I removed from him that of which he complained,”] the hemzeh having a privative effect. (TA.) It is said in a prov., لَا تَكُنْ حُلْوًا فَتُسْتَرَطَ وَلَا مُرًّا فَتُعْقَى, (S, TA,) or فَتُعْقِىَ, accord. to different relaters. (TA. [See 1 in art. سرط, where both these readings are expl., and where the reading فَتُسْرَطَ is given instead of فَتُسْتَرَطَ.]) 8 إِعْتَقَىَ see 1, last sentence.

عِقْىٌ What comes forth from the belly of the child (S, Msb, K) before he eats, (S,) or when he is born, (Msb, K,) black and viscous as though it were glue; (Msb;) and likewise from the mare's foal, and the young ass, and the young camel, and the kid; (ISd, TA;) or what comes forth from the lamb or kid, and the mare's foal, is called رَدَجٌ: (S, TA:) and Az states that it is said to be what comes forth from the belly of the fœtus, inclosed in the [membrane called] حُوَلَآء [q. v.]; a thing [or substance] that comes forth from its anus while it is in the belly of its mother, part of it black and part of it yellow: (TA:) pl. أَعْقَآءٌ. (Az, K, TA.) أَحْرَصُ مِنْ كَلْبٍ عَلَى عِقْىِ صَبِىٍّ is a prov. [meaning More eager than a dog for the feces of a young child]. (S.) b2: Also A youngling, or young infant: whence the saying of Z, ↓ فُلَانٌ لَهُ عِقْيَانِ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ العِقْيَانُ i. e. Such a one has two younglings, or young infants, but gold is not in his possession. (TA.) عِقْيَانٌ Gold: (KL:) or pure gold: (S, TA:) or gold that grows, [meaning native gold,] (S, K, TA,) not such as is produced from the stones, (S, TA,) or, as in the M and A, not such as is educed, by melting, from the stones: the ا and ن are augmentative. (TA.) See an ex. in the latter sentence of the next preceding paragraph.

أَعْقَى [More, and most, intensely, or nauseously, bitter]. (AHn, TA voce شَيْلَمٌ.) مُعَقٍّ Circling over a thing, aloft, like the eagle. (K, TA: mentioned in the former in art. عقو.)

دحو

1 دَحَا, (S, Msb, K,) first Pers\. دَحَوْتُ, (S,) aor. ـْ (Msb, K,) inf. n. دَحْوٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He spread; spread out, or forth; expanded; or extended; (S, Msb, K;) a thing; (S;) and, when said of God, the earth; (Fr, S, Msb, K;) as also دَحَى, (Msb, K,) first Pers\. دَحَيْتُ, (K in art. دحى,) aor. ـْ inf. n. دَحْىٌ: (Msb, and K in art. دحى:) or He (God) made the earth wide, or ample; as explained by an Arab woman of the desert to Sh: (TA:) also, said of an ostrich, (S, TA,) he expanded, and made wide, (TA,) with his foot, or leg, the place where he was about to deposit his eggs: (S, * TA:) and, said of a man, he spread, &c., and made plain, even, or smooth. (TA in art. دحى.) b2: Also, said of a man, (K,) aor. ـْ inf. n. دَحْوٌ, (TA,) i. q. جَامَعَ; (K;) as also دَجَا; on the authority of IAar. (TA.) [You say, دَحَاهَا He compressed her; like as you say, دَجَاهَا.] b3: Also He threw, or cast, and impelled, propelled, or removed from its place, a stone, with his hand. (TA.) One says also, to him who is playing with walnuts, أَبْعِدِ المَدَىوَادْحُهُ, meaning [Make thou the distance far, and] throw it. (S, TA.) See also مِدْحَاةٌ, in two places. And of a torrent, one says, دَحَا بِالْبَطْحَاءِ It cast along [the soft earth and pebbles in its course; or drove them along]. (TA.) And of rain, one says, دَحَا الحَصَى عَنْ وَجْهِ الأَرْضِ (S, Msb) It drove the pebbles from the surface of the earth; (Msb;) or removed them. (TA.) [See also دَحَى, in the next art.] And الدَّحْوُ بِالحِجَارَةِ also signifies The vying, one with another, in throwing stones, and striving to surpass [in doing so]; as also ↓ المُدَاحَاةُ [inf. n. of دَاحَى]. (TA.) b4: مَرَّ يَدْحُو, inf. n. دَحْوٌ, said of a horse, He went along throwing out his fore legs without raising his hoofs much from the ground. (S, TA.) A2: دَحَا البَطْنُ The belly was, or became, large, and hanging down; (Kr, K;) and ↓ اندحى it (the belly) was, or became, wide, or distended: (MF:) or both signify it (the belly) became swollen, or inflated, or big, and hung down, by reason of fatness or disease; as also دَاحَ and اِنْدَاحَ. (TA in art. دوح.) 3 داحى, inf. n. مُدَاحَاةٌ: see 1.5 تدحّى He spread out, or extended, himself; syn. تَبَسَّطَ. (K in art. دحى.) You say, نَامَ فُلَانٌ فَتَدَحَّى Such a one slept, and [extended himself so that he] lay upon a wide space of ground. (TA in that art.) b2: And تَدَحَّتُ الإِبِلُ فِى الأَرْضِ The camels made hollows in the ground where they lay down, it being soft; leaving therein cavities like those of bellies: thus they do only when they are fat. (El-'Itreefee, TA in art. دحى.) 7 إِنْدَحَوَ see 1, last sentence.9 اِدْحَوَى [of the measure اِفْعَلَلَ for اِفْعَلَّ, like اِرْعَوَى,] It (a thing, TA) was, or became, spread, spread out or forth, expanded, or extended. (K.) دَاحٍ [act. part. n. of 1]. ↓ اَللّٰهُمَّ دَاحِىَ المَدْحُوَّاتِ, in a prayer of 'Alee, means O God, the Spreader and Expander of the [seven] earths: (TA:) المَدْحُوَّاتٌ [properly] signifies the things that are spread, &c.; as also ↓ المَدْحِيَّاتٌ. (TA in art. دحى.) b2: المَطَرَ الدَّاحِى The rain that removes [or drives] the pebbles from the surface of the earth. (TA.) أُدْحِىٌّ, (S, K,) [originally أُدْحُوىٌ, of the measure أُفْعُولٌ from دَحَيْتُ, but said in the S to be of that measure from دَحَوْتُ, the dial. var. دَحَيْتُ not being there mentioned,] and إِدْحِىٌّ and ↓ أُدْحِيَّةٌ and ↓ أُدْحُوَّةٌ, (K,) The place of the laying of eggs, (S, K,) and of the hatching thereof, (S,) of the ostrich, (S, K,) in the sand; (K;) because that bird expands it, and makes it wide, with its foot, or leg; for the ostrich has no [nest such as is termed] عُشّ: (S:) pl. أَدَاحٍ (TA in the present art.) and اداحى [i. e., if not a mistranscription, أَدَاحِىٌّ, agreeably with the sing.]: (TA in art. دحى:) and ↓ مَدْحًى [likewise] signifies the place of the eggs of the ostrich. (S.) [Hence,] ↓ بِنْتُ أُدْحِيَّةٍ

A female ostrich. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] الأُدْحِىٌّ and الإِدْحِىٌّ (assumed tropical:) A certain Mansion of the Moon, (K, TA,) [namely, the Twenty-first Mansion,] between the نَعَائِم and سَعْد الذَّابِح; [more commonly] called البَلْدَةُ: likened to the ادحّى of the ostrich. (TA.) أُدْحُوَّةٌ and أُدْحِيَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places: b2: and for the latter, see also مِدْحَاةٌ, below.

مَدْحًى: see أُدْحِىٌّ.

مِدْحَاةٌ A wooden thing with which a child is driven along (يُدْحَى), and which, passing over the ground, sweeps away everything against which it comes. (K, TA.) b2: Accord. to Sh, A certain thing with which the people of Mekkeh play: he says, I heard El-Asadee describe it thus: المَدَاحِىّ and المَسَادِىّ signify stones like the [small round cake of bread called] قُرْصَة, according to the size of which a hole is dug, and widened a little: then they throw those stones (بِهَا ↓ يَدْحُونَ) to that hole; and if the stone fall therein, the person wins; but if not, he is overcome: you say of him, ↓ يَدْحُو and يَسْدُو when he throws the stones (إِذَا دَحَاهَا) over the ground to the hole: and the hole is called ↓ أُدْحِيَّةٌ. (TA.) [Accord. to Freytag, on the authority of the Deewán El-Hudhaleeyeen, A round thing made of lead, by the throwing of which persons contend together.]

المَدْحُوَّاتُ and المَدْحِيَّاتُ: see دَاحٍ.

قل

1 قَلَّ

, It was, or became, few; small, or little, in number, quantity, or amount; scanty. b2: هُوَ يَقِلُّ عَنْ كَذَا He, or it, is smaller than, or too small for, such a thing; syn. يَصْغُرُ. (TA.) b3: قَلَّ لَبَنُهَا Her milk became little, or scanty; she became scant in her milk. b4: قَلَّ خَيْرُهُ [His good things, or wealth, and his beneficence, became few, or little; scanty, or wanting; he became poor; and he became niggardly:] for قِلَّةُ خَيْرٍ signifies “ poverty ” and “ niggardliness. ” (A, TA, in art. حجد.) And It became scanty, or deficient, or wanting, in goodness. b5: قَلَّ He had few aiders: sec an ex. voce فَلَّ.2 قَلَّلَهُ He made it, or held it, to be little. (Msb.) b2: He showed it, or made it to appear, to be little, in quantity. (TA.) b3: See 4.4 أَقَلَّهُ He lifted it, or raised it, from the ground; and carried it. (Msb.) b2: أَقَلَّهُ الغَضَبُ (assumed tropical:) Anger disquieted, or flurried, him. (Mj, TA, in art. حمل.) And أُقِلَّ [alone] (assumed tropical:) He was disquieted, or flurried, by anger. (T, TA, in that art.) b3: أَقَلَّ مِنْهُ i. q. ↓ قَلَّلَهُ. (M.) b4: أَقَلَّ He became poor: (S, Msb:) or he had little property. (K.) 5 تَقَلَّلَ (K, art. نزر) It became diminished, or rendered little or small in quantity. (TK, same art.) b2: تَقَلَّلَهُ He saw it, or deemed it, to be little in quantity. (TA.) 10 اِسْنَفَلَّ He was independent, or alone; with none to share, or participate, with him. (TA.) [And اِسْتَقَلَّ بِنَفْسِهِ, the same; or (as shown by an explanation of the act. part. n. in the TA) he managed his affairs, by himself alone, thoroughly, soundly, or vigorously.] And هُوَ لاَ يَسْتَقِلُّ بِهٰذَا He is not able [by himself] to do this. (TA.) b2: اِسْتَقَلَّ He was independent of all others; absolute. b3: اِسْتَقلَّ He (a man) rose, or raised himself, with a burden: (JK:) and a bird in his flight. (JK, K.) b4: اُسْتُقِلَّ غَضَبًا He (a man) became affected with a tremour, or trembling, by anger. (JK.) b5: اِسْتَقَلَّ بِالشَّىْءِ i. q.

اِسْتَبَدَّ بِهِ. (TA in art. حكر.) ??

Poverty: see an ex. in a verse cited voce طَلَّاع.

قُلُّ بْنُ قُلٍّ

: see ضُلُّ.

قُلَّةٌ The top, or highest part, of a mountain, &c. (S, K.) b2: The top of the head and hump. (K.) See a verse cited voce ظِلٌّ. b3: قلتانِ [app. قُلَّتَانِ, or rather قَلْتَانِ, from قلت] The hollows of the two collar-bones (الترقوتان). (TA, art. ترب.) قِلَّةٌ [Paucity; smallness; littleness; scantiness; want of due amount of anything: as in قِلَّةُ مُبَالَاةٍ

want of due care: or this phrase signifies want of care: also fewness: for] قِلَّةٌ sometimes signifies i. q. عَدَمٌ. (Mgh in art. حفَظ.) b2: قِلَّةٌ may often be well rendered Lack.

قَلِيلٌ Few; small, or little, in number, quantity, or amount; scanty. b2: A small quantity, or quantum, or number, مِن مَالٍ وَغَيْرِهِ of property, or cattle, &c. b3: قَلِيلُ الخَيْرِ: [see art. خير, where an explanation is given equivalent to عَادمُ الخَيْرِ: and in like manner] قَلِيلُ الخَيْرِ is used to signify Not making use of oaths at all. (Mgh in art. حفظ.) It may be well rendered Lacking, or destitute of, good, or wealth; as well as having little thereof: it generally means having little, or no, wealth, or good; or lacking, or destitute of, goodness or good things. b4: قَلِيلٌ: see مَطَّرِدٌ. b5: Possessing little, or possessed in a small degree, of anything.

قَلِيلَةٌ as a subst., Little: see كَثِيرَةٌ.

أَقَلُّ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا Possessing, or possessor, of less than another in respect of wealth and children: see an ex. (from the Kur xviii. 37) in art. ف.

مُسْتَقِلٌّ A writing on a particular, peculiar, or special, subject. b2: رِسَالَةٌ مُسْتَقِلَّةٌ A monograph. See also a verse cited voce غَتْمٌ. b3: مَعْنًى مُسْتَقِلٌّ بِهِ

An independent meaning.

قل: قل. قل عدلا على: شتم، سب. (بوشر).
قلما: قل ألحقت بها ما لإثبات الشيء القليل أو نفيه كما في هذا البيت الذي ورد في المقري (2: 502):
فقلت قم بي ولا تقم لي ... فقلما يؤكل القيام
وقد ترجمه فليشر إلى الفرنسية في الإضافات مذكرا أن العرب تقول القلة بمنزلة العدم بما معناه: قلت له اعطني ما أعيش به ولا تقم لي لتحيتي فإن القيام لا يؤكل إلا نادرا.
قلما يكون: أقل ما يكون، قليلا ما يكون. (بوشر).
قل عن: عجز عن، لم يستطع بلوغ الشيء (المقري 1: 681).
قل. يقله هذا: يكفيه هذا. ففي رحلة ابن جبير (ص39): لأنهم لا يصلون الا بزاد يقلهم وفي عباد (2: 22): إن أجريت عليك رزقا يقلك. وقد ترددت بين أن يكون هذا الفعل قل أو أقل، ويرى كل من صاحب محيط المحيط والسيد رايت (معجم ابن جبير) إنه أقل. أرى الآن إنه قل: ففي ألف ليلة (برسل 3: 137) إن صيادا اغتنم ظلام الليل ليرمي شباكه في موضع حرم فيه الصيد فقال في هذا الوقت مطمئن من قله الفراش. أي في هذا الوقت الذي يكفي فيه الفراش لمن يريد النوم فلا يطلب شيئا آخر.
وبهذا المعنى يقال: قل له هذا. ففي المقري (1: 536):
سقاك يا سفح الدمع منهملا ... وقل ذاك له أن أعوز المطر
وفي معجم فوك: استقل ب بمعنى يكفى.
قل: ذكرها فوك في مادة Callus، وهي مأخوذة من الكلمة الأسبانية Callo ( انظرها فيما يلي).
قلل في: في ألف ليلة (1: 90): قلل حسده في طعامه ولذيذ أي أن الحسد جعله قليل الأكل والنوم.
قلل الأدب: فقد الأدب. (بوشر).
قلل به: احتقره. ففي كتاب الخطيب (ص40 و): وقال يذم الدنيا ويحمد عقبى من يقلل بها.
قلل (مشتقة من الكلمة الأسبانية callo) : يقال قلل الحذاء الضيق: سبب كنبا وجسأة وثفنا.
(فوك، الكالا) وهو مقلل: فيه كنب وجسأة.
قلل (مشتقة من الفعل الأسباني Calar سيمونيه ص303): تغلغل، خلل، ولج، دخل. (الكالا).
أقل: أقلل بها: رأى أنها قليل. ففي المقري (1: 464):
ألف من الحمر وأقلل بها ... لعالم أربى على بغيته
ما أقل هذا الغلام بأدب: كيف أن هذا الغلام شيء الأدب! ففي المقري (1: 679): ما أقله بشفقة: كيف إنه قليل الشفقة!.
تقلل: تقلل الشيء: رآه قليلا. (فوك).
ويستعمل هذا الفعل للدلالة على الرجل البسيط في الملبس والمطعم. فيقال: تقلل في الملبس وتقلل في المطعم. (الفخري ص89) ويستعمل الفعل تقلل وحده بهذا المعنى. (ابن خلكان 1: 250: 7 255، عبد الواحد ص138، ياقوت 4: 600، ميرسنج ص27).
ويقال أيضا: تقلل من الدنيا (أماري ص189)، وفي رياض النفوس (ص43 و): كان مروان رجلا. صالحا متقللا من الدنيا. وفي (ص53 و): كان رجلا فاضلا مجتهدا ورعا متقللا من الدنيا. وفي (ص62 و) وهذا يدل على تقلله من الدنيا وزهده فيها.
واقرأ كذلك الكلمة التي في لب اللباب خالية من النقط. ففي لب اللباب (ص143): كانوا يتزهدون ويتقللون من الدنيا، وليس يتفللون كما رأى الناشر.
تقلل: احتقر. كان محتقرا. ففي آخر أيام غرناطة لملر (ص41): وقفلل (وتقلل) أولئك المرتدون الذين كانوا بها -لم يبق لهم عند صاحب قشتالة جاه ولا حظوة.
تقلل: (مشتقة من الاسم الأسباني Callo) صار له كنبا وجسأة. (فوك، الكالا).
استقل: حمل. وتستعمل مجازا بمعنى لحق وضم أرضا. (روتجرز ص131) وفيه (ص136): واستقلت البلاد اليمانية في الحوزة الشريفة السلطانية. أي ألحقت البلاد اليمانية بمملكة السلطان.
استقل: حمل الرمح وتسلح به. ففي طرائف كوسج (ص80): فقام وافرغ عليه درعه وتقلد سيفه واستقل رمحه وانتصب على جواده.
استقل به: استطاع حمل الشيء. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص85): والرجل القوي يستطيع أن يحمل حملا ثقيلا وإن لم يكن قد اعتاد ذلك، والرجل الضعيف لا يستقل به وإن كان ذلك من صناعته. (ويجرز ص53). ومن هذا يقال: استقل به أي كان في استطاعته عمل شيء. (المقري 1: 206، المقدمة 1: 313، 316، 2: 207، 235، 247).
ويقال أيضا: استقل بنفسه في شيء (المقدمة 1: 133).
استقل به: أظهر أن في استطاعته وقدرته عمل شيء. ففي حيان -بسام (1: 88 و): وصرفه في السفارة بينه وبين أمراء الأندلس فيما يجري بينهم من التراسل والمداخلة فاستقل بذلك لفضل ما أوتيه من اللسن والمعارضة.
والمصدر منه استقلال بمعنى استطاعة وقدرة (المقري 1: 192). وفي حيان (ص4 ق): واثبت له في نفسه الاستقلال والكفاية. وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص53 و): فنهض بأعباء ما قوص الله (فوض إليه) وظهر فيه استقلاله وغناؤه. وفي حيان -بسام (1: 201 و): وأراد اليهودي أن يخلع باديس من ملكه ويولي المعتصم لما كان يعلم من كلامه (كلاله) ويتيقن من قلة استهلاله (استقلاله). والمستقل (اسم الفاعل): معناه القادر على الحرب والمستطيع لذلك. ففي حيان (ص 75 ق): فلما سلكت الأثقال ومقصرو الرجال ولم يبق من الناس إلا المستقل المتخفف أطلق الرجال للحرب.
استقل به: اكتفى به. (فوك) وانظره في قل.
استقل به: التزم به، تعهد به، تكلف به. ففي طرائف دي ساسي (2: 52): استقل بسائر أحوال مصر والشام. (عباد 1: 46، 109 رقم 195).
استقل ب، وبالأمر، وبالولاية وغير ذلك: تفرد في الحكم ولم يشركه فيه غيره ولم يكن لغيره عليه سلطان. ففي محيط المحيط: استقل الوالي بالولاية تفرد بها ولم يشركه فيها غيره ..
مستقل: منفرد بتدبير أموره لا سيادة لغيره عليه (بوشر).
ملك مستقل في ملكه: عاهل، ملك لا سيادة عليه في ملكه. وفي النويري (أفريقية ص23 ق): ولي الأمر في حياة أبيه ثم استقل بالأمر بعد وفاته. وفيه (ص26 ق): وكانوا في مبدأ الأمر كالنواب لملوك الدولة العبيدية بمصر ثم استقلوا بعد ذلك بالأمر. وفيه (ص30 و) وحين مات استقل عبد الله بن محمد الكاتب وحده. (عبد الواحد ص142، ص194، المقدمة 2: 115 (= استبد)، ص116، ص269، (تاريخ البربر 1: 527، 529، المقري 1: 277، 2: 800، تاريخ تونس ص85)، وفي المقدمة (2: 253) استقلوا بأمر أنفسهم. وفيها (2: 19): مستقل بالنظر في استخراج الأموال.
ويقال أيضا وهو نادر: استقل على، ففي حياة تيمور (1: 110): إذا بلغك أنى استوليت، وعلى الممالك استقليت (تصحيف استقللت).
ويقال عن العالم الشاب حين تنقطع علاقته بأستاذه وشيخه: استقل. (ففي المقري 1: 599): قد برع واستقل وجلس للتدريس.
واستقلت الكلمة: اكتفت بذاتها ولم تحتج إلى مفعول. أي كانت لازمة غير متعدية. (المقري 1: 614).
والقناة تستقل نهرا (شعبة) أي تكون نهرا مستقلا ومنفصلا. (طرائف دي ساسي 2: 24).
مستقل (اسم الفاعل): منفرد، منفصل، ففي رحلة ابن جبير (ص44): بلد مستقل بذاته وفيها (ص 226): وكل محلة من محلات بغداد مدينة مستقلة. (المقري 1: 103، 132، 179، 208، 397، الجريدة الآسيوية 1851: 1: 60). وفي العبدري (ص17 ق): وعند كل باب منها ربض متسع على قدر البلد المستقل. مستقل: كتاب منفلاد. (المقري 1: 105، 358). وفي تاريخ تونس (ص117): إن متعنا الله بعمر طويل أفردنا خبر دولتهم السعيدة بتاريخ مستقل.
علم مستقل: علم قائم بذاته. ففي المقدمة (1: 61): هذا علم مستقل بنفسه.
وكذلك يقال: استقل سور المدينة. ففي كلر، نصوص من ابن الخطيب وغيره (1863، 2: 29) ك استقلت من كافة نواحيها.
استقل برأيه: استبد به. (محيط المحيط).
وعمل بحسب ما يمليه عليه هواه (المقدمة 1: 316).
استقل ب: حاز أو قدم وعرض ما ليس في غيره من نفس الصنف. ففي المقدمة (2: 358): وكان كل بيت من الشعر العربي القديم مستقلا بالإفادة. أي يفيد معنى كاملا. وفي المقري (1: 75)؛ وقد قسمت هذا الكتاب إلى قسمين وكل منهما مستقل بالمطلوب قيصح أن يسميا باسمين. وفيه (1: 77): وفي كل كتاب من القسم الأول ذكرت بعض المقتطفات من كتابات لسان الدين مع أن القسم الثاني قد استقل. ويقال استقل بذلك، ففي طرائف دي ساسي (2: 64): وليكون أول ما يقرع الأسماع مستقلا بنوع من الإعجاز. ويقول أبو حمو (ص154): من استقل بمحمود هذه الخصال.
استقل: قام، نهض على قدميه. ففي حيان (ص46 و): لما استقلوا من نكبتهم.
استقل: نهض من مرضه، شفي، استعاد صحته، (رايسكه في معجم فريتاج، ابن بطوطة 2: 146).
وفي كرتاس (ص230): ووجد أمير المسلمين الراحة واستقل من مرضه وعاد إلى صحته، وفي كتاب صاحب الصلاة (ص32 و): واستقل من كان فيها من الموحدين من علة الحصار. وفي العبدري (ص110 ق) في كلامه عن طبيب: ولم يقصر في العلاج حتى استقللت.
استقل كتابا: ألف كتابا خاصا في موضوع ما. (الثعالبي لطائف ص115) استقل الرحيل أزف الرحيل، بدأ الرحيل. ففي ملر (ص35): فكم من قلب لرحيلنا وجب، لما استقل ووجب.
قل: بقايا قليلة. ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 11): والقل منهم بذلك الموطن لهذا العهد. قل وعترة: فقر وتسول. (ميهرن ص33) قلة، وقلة (بالأسبانية Callo سيمونيه ص303): كنب، جسأة، جسو، ثفن، والجمع قلات، وقل. يكون في القدمين واليدين (فوك وفيه Callus وأبدل فيه قلة بقلة لأنه يذكر Coll بمعنى قل. (الكالا). قلة: فقاعة مملوءة هواء تكون على وجه الماء والسوائل في حالة فورانها وغليانها أو في حالة تخمرها وغير ذلك. (الكالا).
قلة: عوز، نقص، (بوشر).
قلة: نقص المال، حاجة، قحط. (الثعالبي لطائف ص56، بوشر).
قلة: عدد قليل، ضد الكثرة. ففي الإدريسي (القسم 1، الفصل 8) في كلامه عن سكان مدينتين:
أهلها في ذاتهم قلة وفي أنفسهم أذلة.
قلة: جرة، أو وعاء. ولا يستعمل لحفظ الاشربة أو الماء (الكالا، لين عادات 1: 22، 224، برتون 1: 227) بل لحفظ أشياء أخرى.
ففي عواده (ص503): قلة أو وعاء للسمن والعسل. وقد أخبرني السيد دي سلان أن هذا الاسم يطلق في الجزائر على وعاء من النحاس يستعمله السقاءون بدل الدلو وهذه صورته.
قلة: مكيال للزيت (كرتاس ص38) وهو يسع 22 ليبرة (الليبرة 500 غرام. هوست ص277، 24 ليبرة، فلوجل مادة 67 ص29، مادة 71 ص3. وهو يسع 16 لترا، رولاند، دوماس قبيل ص255).
قلة: برج، عند ريشاردسون ومنينسكي. (انظرها في مادة غلة).
خزنة القلة: هي حسب ما جاء في صفة مصر (2: 350) اسم برج عال في قصر في القاهرة.
ونجد كلمة أبراج القلال في طرائف ارنولد (ص164). ومعناه حسب ما يقوله الناشر في معجمه أبراج ذات سهام. غير أني أشك في ذلك.
قلة: مرتفع صاعد، فيما يقول رايسكه. غير أن السيد دي جويه أخبرني إنه وجد في بعض المصادر الجمع قلات بهذا المعنى وتنطق قلات (بدل قلات جمع قلت) وهي تدل على هذا المعنى.
قليل. الأيام القلائل: زمن القحط. (أماري ص39 وما يليها).
قليلة: نوع من الطير. (ياقوت 1: 885).
قليلة: قلة صغيرة، جرة صغيرة (المقري 1: 78) وانظر رسالتي إلى السيد فليشر (ص10).
قليلة: مكيال للزيت. (البكري ص113).
قلال: صانع الجرار. (معجم الأسبانية ص80).
قلال: فقير، معدم. (دوماس حياة العرب ص158).
قلال: طبلة، طبل طويل ضيق يضرب عليه بعصا واحدة. (دوماس حياة العرب ص185، ص374).
قليل: في الجزائر، جمعها قلاليل: فقير، معدم (بوسييه، دوماس حياة العرب ص150، 151). وعند همبرت (ص220): كليل (جزائرية).
قليل: فرس وديع هادئ (بوسييه، دوماس حياة العرب ص184).
مقل: صغير؟ ففي رحلة ابن جبير ص249): عبرنا في الزواريق المقلة المعدة للعبور.
اقليل: هو في الفرس الذي ينعل الحافر الذي نفذ فيه المسمار. (ابن العوام 2: 560).
كقلل: نادر، طرفة، فاخر. (بوشر بربرية)

دنو

1 دَنَا, (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) first Pers\.

دَنَوْتُ, (T, S,) aor. ـْ (T, Msb,) inf. n. دُنُوٌّ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and دَنَاوَةٌ, (M, K,) He, or it, was, or became, near; drew near, or approached; (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ادنى; (IAar, T, K;) and ↓ دنّى, inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ; (IAar, T;) and ↓ دانى, inf. n. مُدَانَاةٌ; (KL, but only the inf. n. is there mentioned;) and ↓ اِدَّنَى, inf. n. اِدِّنَآءٌ: (TA:) it is either in person, or substance, or in respect of predicament, and in place, and in time: (El-Harállee, TA:) you say, دَنَا مِنْهُ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) and دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ, (T, S,) and إِلَيْهِ, (M, Msb,) and لَهُ, (TA,) and عَلَيْهِ occurs in a verse of Sá'ideh as meaning مِنْهُ, (M,) He, or it, and I, was, or became, near, &c., to him, or it: (T, M, Mgh, Msb:) [and in like manner you use the other verbs mentioned above, except ↓ دانى, which is immediately trans.: or دَنَا مِنْهُ with دَنَاوَةٌ for its inf. n. means, or means also, He was near to him in respect of kindred; was related to him: for] دَنَاوَةٌ is syn. with قَرَابَةٌ (S, M, K) and قُرْبَى: (M, K:) you say, بَيْنَهُمَا دَنَاوَةٌ meaning قَرَابَةٌ [i. e. Between them two is relationship]; (S;) and مَا تَزْدَادُ مِنَّا إِلَّا قُرْبًا وَدَنَاوَةٍ [Thou increasest not save in nearness and relationship to us]. (ISk, T, S.) A rájiz says, مَا لِى أَرَاهُ دَالِفًا قَدْدُنْىَ لَهُ meaning دُنِىَ لَهُ [i. e. What hath happened to me that I see him walking gently or with short steps, or rendered lowly by age, having been approached by death?]: it is from دَنَوْتُ, but the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, and then the ن is made quiescent: and there are similar instances of contraction of verbs: but [ISd says,] I know not دُنْىَ except in this instance; and As used to say of the poem in which this occurs, This rejez is not ancient: it is app. of Khalaf ElAhmar or some other of the Muwelleds. (M.) One says also, دَنَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِلْمَغُرُوبِ and ↓ أَدْنَت [The sun was, or became, near to setting]. (M.) A2: دَنِىَ, (T, M, K, TA, [in the CK, ما كانَ دَنْيَا ولقد دَنا is erroneously put for مَا كَانَ دَنِيًا وَلَقَدْ دَنِىَ,]) like رَضِىَ, (TA,) aor. ـْ (T,) inf. n. دَنًا (T, M, K) and دَنَايَةٌ, (T, K, TA,) or دِنَايَةٌ; (M, accord. to the TT; and so in the CK; [app. a mistranscription occasioned by a misunderstanding of what here follows;]) the ى [in دَنِىَ] being substituted for و because of the nearness of the kesreh; all on the authority of Lh; (M;) and دَنُوَ, aor. ـْ without ء, inf. n. دَنَآءَةٌ, with ء, (ISk, T,) and دُنُوٌّ; (T;) or دَنَا, aor. ـْ inf. n. دَنَاوَةٌ; i. q. دَنَأَ and دَنُؤَ; (Msb;) [i. e.] He (a man, T, M) was, or became, such as is termed ↓ دَنِىٌّ; (T, M, Msb, K;) and دَنِىْءٌ; (Msb;) meaning weak; contemptible (خَسِيسٌ); not profitable to any one; who falls short in everything upon which he enters: (T: [like مُدَنٍّ:]) or low, ignoble, or mean; (سَاقِطٌ;) weak; (M, K;) such as, when night affords him covert, will not quit his place, by reason of weakness: (M:) or low, ignoble, or mean, (لَئِيمٌ,) in his actions, or conduct; bad, evil, or foul; accord. to the explanation of دَنَا by Es-Sarakustee: but some distinguish between دَنِىْءٌ and دَنِىٌّ; making the former to signify “ low, ignoble, or mean; ” (لَئِيمٌ;) and the latter, خَسِيسٌ [app. as meaning contemptible]. (Msb, and so the latter is explained in the Mgh.) 2 دَنَّوَ see 1: A2: and 4. b2: It is said in a trad., سَمُّوا وَ سَمِّتُواوَ دَنُّوا, i.e. [Pronounce ye the name of God, (i. e. say, In the name of God,) and invoke a blessing upon him at whose abode or table ye eat, (see art. سمت,) and] make your words to be near together in praising God. (M.) And in another trad., إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَسَمُّوا اللّٰهَ وَدَنُّوا, i. e. [When ye eat, pronounce the name of God, and] eat of that which is near you: (M:) or إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَدَنُّوا, i. e. [When ye eat,] eat of that which is next you. (S.) b3: دَنَّى, (T, M,) inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ, (T,) also signifies He (a man) sought after mean, paltry, or contemptible, things. (Lh, T, M.) And دنّى فِى الأُمُورِ, (inf. n. as above, S, K,) He pursued small matters, and mean, paltry, or contemptible: (T, S, TA:) in the K, erroneously, and great. (TA.) b4: Also He was, or became, weak; syn. ضَعُفَ. (S and TA in art. دون.) 3 دانى, inf. n. مُدَانَاةٌ: see 1, in two places. You say also, دَانَيْتُ الأَمْرَ I was, or became, near to [doing, or experiencing,] the affair, or event. (M.) b2: دَانَيْتُ القَيْدَ لِلْبَعِيرِ I made the shackles, or hobbles, strait, or contracted, to the camel. (M, K.) And دَانَى القَيْدُ قَيْنَىِ البَعِيرِ (M, TA) The shackles, or hobbles, straitened, or contracted, [the two parts of the camel that were the places thereof.] (TA.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, دَانَى لَهُ القَيْدُ فِى دَيْمُومَةٍ قَذَفٍ

قَيْنَيْهِ وَانْحَسَرَتْ عَنْهُ الأَنَاعِيمُ [The shackles, or hobbles, straitened to him, in a far-extending, wide desert, the two parts of him that were the places thereof, and enjoyments became removed from him]. (M.) And you say also, دَانَيْتُ بَيْنَ الأَمْرَيْنِ I made the two affairs, or events, to be nearly uninterrupted; syn. قَارَبْتُ: (T, S, Msb:) or I made the two affairs, or events, to be connected; syn. جَمَعْتُ. (M.) 4 ادناهُ He made him, or it, to be, or become, near; to draw near, or to approach; he drew near, or brought near, him, or it; (S, M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ دنّاهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ. (K.) b2: [Hence,] أَدْنَتْ ثَوْبَهَا عَلَيْهَا She (a woman) let down her garment upon her, and covered, or veiled, herself with it. (Mgh.) And أَدْنَيْتُ السِّتْرَ I let down the veil, or curtain, [for the purpose of concealment.] (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [xxxiii. 59], يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنّ مِنْ جَلَابِيبِهِنَّ [They shall let down upon them a portion of their outer wrapping-garments]; (Mgh;) meaning they shall let down a portion of their outer wrapping-garments over their faces, when they go forth for their needful purposes, except one eye. (Jel.) A2: ادنى is also intrans.: see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] أَدْنَتْ, said of a she-camel, (S, TA,) and of a woman, (TA,) She was, or became, near to bringing forth. (S, TA.) And أَدْنَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ [a phrase similar to أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ, q. v.]. (Occurring in a verse cited in the TA in art. فكه.) b3: And ادنى He lived a strait life, (IAar, T, K,) after easiness and plenty. (IAar, T.) 5 تدنّى He (a man, S) drew near, or approached, by little and little. (S, K.) 6 تَدَانَوْا They drew near, or approached, one to another. (S, K.) b2: [Hence,] تدانى It (a thing) drew together, or contracted; or became drawn together or contracted. (M* and L in art. قلص.) b3: And تَدَانَتْ إِبِلُ الرَّجُلَ The camels of the man became few and weak. (M.) 8 اِدَّنَى, inf. n. اِدِّنَآءٌ: see 1.10 استدناهُ He sought, desired, or demanded, of him, nearness, or approach; (M, K, TA;) he sought, or desired, to make him draw near, or approach: and he drew him near, or caused him to approach. (MA. [See also 4.]) دَنًا inf. n. of دَنِىَ, q. v. (T, M, K.) A2: أَدْنَى دَنًا: see ادنى.

هُوَ ابْنُ عَمّ دِنْىٍ and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا and ↓ دُنْيَا mean [He is a son of a paternal uncle] closely related; syn. لَحًّا [q. v.]: when you pronounce the د with damm, you do not make the word perfectly decl.: when you pronounce it with kesr, you make it either perfectly or imperfectly decl.: but when you prefix عَمّ to a determinate noun, دِنْى may not be in the gen. case: for instance, you say, هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ دِنْيًا, i. e. [He is the son of his paternal uncle] closely related; as also ↓ دِنْيَةٌ; because دِنْى, being indeterminate, cannot be an epithet applied to that which is determinate: (S:) and [in like manner] you say, هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّى, or ابن خَالِى, or ابن عَمَّتِى, or ابن خَالَتِى, or ابن أَخِى, or ابن أُخْتِى, (M, K,) all mentioned by Lh, the last two as on the authority of Aboo-Safwán, but all except the first and second as unknown to Ks and to As, (M,) followed by ↓ دِنْيَةٌ and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا and ↓ دُنْيَا, (M, K, TA,) the last two without tenween, (TA; [and so written in the M; but in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, in the place of these two is put دُنْيًا, which is disallowed by J;]) meaning [He is the son of my paternal uncle, and the son of my maternal uncle, &c.,] closely related: (M, K:) and ↓ هُوَ عَمُّهُ دُنٌيَا and ↓ دِنْيَةً and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا [He is his paternal uncle closely related]: (Ks, T:) Lh says that the و is changed into ى in ↓ دِنْيَةً and دِنٌيًا because of the nearness of the kesreh and the weakness of the intervening letter, as is the case in فِتْيَةٌ and عِلْيَةٌ: but it seems that these words are originally ↓ دُنْيَا, i. e., by a relationship, or uterine relationship, nearer to me than others; and that the change of the letter is made only to show that the ى is that of the fem. of أَدْنَى. (M.) You say also, ↓ هُمْ رَهْطُهُ دِنْيَةً

They are his people, and his tribe, closely related. (S and TA in art. رهط.) دِنْيَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in five places.

دُنْيَا fem. of أَدْنَى [q. v.].

دُنْيِىٌّ: see what next follows.

دُنْيَوِىٌّ: see what next follows.

دُنْيَاوِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the present world, or state of existence; worldly:] a rel. n. from الدُّنْيَا; (T, S;) as also ↓ دُنٌيَوِىٌّ and ↓ دُنْيِىٌّ. (S.) دَنِىٌّ i. q. قَرِيبٌ [as meaning Near, in person, or substance, or in respect of predicament, and in place, and in time: (see 1, first sentence: and see also دَانٍ:) and a relation]: (T, S:) and a friend; or a sincere, or secret, or particular, friend; syn. خُلْصَانٌ. (T.) It has these significations (of قريب and خلصان) in the prov. كُلُّ دَنِىٍّ دُوَنهُ دَنِىٌّ [app. meaning There is a relation, or a friend, nearer than every other relation, or friend; like another prov., namely, دُونَ كُلِّ قُرَيْبَى قُرْبَى, for the meaning and application of which see art. قرب: Freytag renders it, “Quod attinet ad quemlibet propinquum (amicum), præter eum est propinquus:” (Arab. Prov. ii. 357:) and he adds, “ Proverbii sensus esse videtur: Quilibet propinquus seu amicus unicus non est; sed præter eum est alius ”]: (T, Meyd:) so says Az. (Meyd.) b2: See also أَدْنَى.

A2: As an epithet applied to a man, signifying Weak; contemptible; &c.: see 1, near the end of the paragraph: [but J says that] as meaning دُونٌ, it is [دَنِىْءٌ,] with ء: (S:) the pl. is أَدْنِيَآءُ. (T, M.) [In the CK, by a mistranscription mentioned above (voce دَنِىَ), دَنْىٌ is made to signify the same.]

دَنِيَّهٌ A low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, habit, practice, or action; syn. نَقِيصَةٌ; (Mgh;) or such as is blamed; originally دَنِيْئَةٌ: (TA:) pl. دَنَايَا. (Har p. 327.) Hence the saying of Ibn-Háritheh, المَنِيَّةَ لَا الدَّنِيَّةَ, meaning I choose death rather than, or not, disgrace. (Har ubi suprà.) دَانٍ [Being, or becoming, near; drawing near, or approaching: and hence, near; like دَنِىٌّ:] act. part. n. of دَنَا مِنْهُ. (Msb.) أَدْنَى Nearer, and nearest; opposed to أَقْصَى: (TA:) fem. دُنْيَا; (M, TA;) in which the [radical] و is changed into ى, as in عُلْيَا and قُصْيَا: (ISd, TA voce بُقْوَى:) [the pl. of the masc. is أَدَانٍ and أَدْنَوْنَ; the latter in the accus. and gen. أَدْنَيْنِ: and] the pl. of the fem., دُنًى, (S, K, TA,) like كُبَرٌ pl. of كُبْرَى, and صُغَرٌ pl. of صُغْرَى; (S, TA;) said by some to be extr. and strange [in respect of usage]; and El-Mutanebbee has been blamed for using it; (MF, TA;) but in the case referred to he has used الدُّنَى for الدُّنْيَا, [not as a pl.,] suppressing the ى by poetic license. (TA.) [Hence,] غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ فِى أَدْنَى

الأَرْضِ, in the Kur xxx. 1 and 2, The Greeks have been overcome in the nearer, or nearest, part of the land. (Bd, Jel.) And الجَمْرَةُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heap of pebbles;] the heap of pebbles nearest to Minè. (TA. [See art. جمر.]) and السَّمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heaven; i. e. the lowest;] the heaven that is the nearest to us: (T, TA:) also called سَمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا [which means the heaven of the present world; as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) See also exs. of the fem. in the paragraph commencing with the words هُوَ ابْنُ عَمٍّ دِنْىٍ, in four places. b2: Also Former, and first; and fore, and foremost; opposed to آخِرٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ↓ لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى دَنِىٍّ (S, K, TA) and ↓ أَدْنَى دَنًا, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, ادنى دَنّىٰ and ادنى دَنِىٍّ,]) i. e. I met him the first thing. (S, K.) [And أَدْنَى الفَمِ The fore, or foremost, part of the mouth.] And الدُّنْيَا [ for الدَّارُ الدُّنْيَا, and الحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا, The former dwelling, or abode, and life; i. e. the present world, and life, or state of existence]; contr. of الآخِرَةُ: (M, K:) [or] it is so called because of its nearness: (T, S:) [and may be rendered the sublunary abode, &c.: and the inferior abode, &c. It also signifies The enjoyments, blessings, or good, of the present world, or life; worldly blessings or prosperity, &c.] And sometimes it is with tenween, (K, TA,) when used indeterminately: (TA:) [thus,] IAar mentions the saying مَا لَهُ دُنْيًا وَ لَا آخِرَةٌ [as meaning He has none of the enjoyments, or blessings, of the present world, nor in prospect any enjoyments, or blessings, of the world to come]; with tenween. (M, TA.) And you say, بَاعَ دُنْيَاهُ بِآخِرَتِهِ [He purchased his enjoyments of the present world at the expense of his enjoyments of the world to come]. (Z, TA in art. بيع.) And اَبْنُ الدُّنْيَا means The rich man. (Msb in art. بنى.) b3: Also More, and most, apt, fit, or proper: thus in the Kur [xxxiii. 59], in the phrase ذٰلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يُعَرَفْنَ [That will be more, or most, apt, fit, or proper, that they may be known]; (Ksh, Mgh;) i. e., that they may be known to be free women, as distinguished from female slaves, who did not cover their faces. (Jel.) b4: Also Less [in number or quantity &c.], and least [therein]; opposed to أَكْثَرُ. (TA.) وَلَا أَدْنَى مِنْ ذٰلِكَ وَلَاأَكْثَرَ, in the Kur [lviii. 8], means Nor less in number than that, nor more in number. (Bd.) and وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَدْنَى دُونَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَكْبَرِ, in the Kur [xxxii. 21, lit. And we will assuredly make them to taste of the smaller punishment besides the greater punishment], means, accord. to Zj, whatever punishment is inflicted in the present world and the punishment of the world to come. (M.) b5: Also Worse, [or inferior in quality,] and worst; or more, and most, low, ignoble, base, vile, mean, or weak; opposed to خَيْرٌ. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 58], أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِى هُوَ

أَدْنَى بِالَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ [Will ye take in exchange that which is worse, or inferior, for that which is better? or], accord. to Zj, meaning that which is less in value [for that which is better]? ادنى

being thus, without ء: Fr says that it is here from الدَّنَآءَةٌ: and Zuheyr El-Kurkubee [or (accord. to some) El-Furkubee] read أَدْنَأُ. (T.) مُدْنٍ and مُدْنِيَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, (M, K,) and to a woman, (M,) Near to bringing forth. (M, K.) مُدَنٍّ, applied to a man, Weak; (S, TA;) contemptible (خَسِيسٌ); not profitable to any one; who falls short in everything upon which he enters; [like دَنِىٌّ;] (TA;) or falling short of accomplishing that which it behooves him to do: (AHeyth, T:) also, for the sake of rhyme, [by poetic license,] written مُدَنْ. (T.)

امر

1 أَمَرَهُ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (M, &c.,) inf. n. أَمْرٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and إِمَارٌ, (M, L, K,) which latter, however, is disapproved by MF, (TA,) and إِيمَارٌ is syn. therewith, (K,) but this also is disapproved by MF, and deemed by him strange, [being by rule the inf. n. of ↓ آمَرَهُ, respecting which see what follows,] (TA,) and آمِرَةٌ, (M, K,) which is one of the inf. ns. [or quasiinf. ns.] of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ, like عَافِيَةٌ and عَاقِبَةٌ, (M,) He commanded him; ordered him; bade him; enjoined him; the inf. n. signifying the contr. of نَهْىٌ; (T, M, K;) as also ↓ آمرهُ, (Kr, M, K,) mentioned by A'Obeyd also as a dial. var. of أمَرَهُ: (Msb:) but A'Obeyd says that آمَرْتُهُ and أَمرْتُهُ are syn. [in a sense different from that explained above, i. e.] as meaning كَثَّرْتُهُ. (TA.) You say, أَمَرَهُ بِهِ, (S, M, K,) and أَمَرَهُ إِيَّاهُ, suppressing the prep., (M,) He commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do it. (M, K.) And أمَرْتُكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ, and لِتَفْعَلَ, and بِأنْ تَفْعَلَ, I commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, thee to do [such a thing]. (M.) [And أَمَرَهُ بِكَذَا as meaning He commanded him, or ordered him, to make use of such a thing; or the like: whence, in a trad.,] أُمِرْتُ بِالسِّوَاكِ [I have been commanded to make use of the tooth-stick]. (El-Jámi' es-Sagheer.) [And He enjoined him such a thing; as, for instance, patience.] The imperative of أَمَرَ is مُرْ; originally اؤْمُرْ; which also occurs [with وَ in the place of ؤ when the ا is pronounced with damm]: (M:) but [generally] when it is not preceded by a conjunction, (Msb,) i. e., by وَ or فَ, (T,) you suppress the ء, [i. e. the radical ء, and with it the conjunctive ا preceding it,] contr. to rule, and say, مُرْهُ بِكَذَا [Command, or order, or bid, or enjoin, thou him to do such a thing]; like as you say, كُلْ and خُذْ: when, however, it is preceded by a conjunction, the practice commonly obtaining is, to restore the وَأْمُرْ بِكَذَا, agreeably with analogy, and thus to say, أَمُرْ بِكَذَا. (Msb.) b2: [You say also, أَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ He gave an order respecting him, and accordingly he was slain. And أَمَرَ لَهُ بِكَذَا He ordered that such a thing should be done, or given, to him.] b3: In the Kur [xvii. 17], أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُوا فِيهَا, so accord. to most of the readers, (T, &c.,) means We commanded [its luxurious inhabitants] to obey, but they transgressed therein, or departed from the right way, or disobeyed: (Fr, T, S, &c.:) so says Aboo-Is-hák; adding that, although one says, أَمَرتُ زَيْدًا فَضَرَبَ عَمْرًا, meaning I commanded Zeyd to beat 'Amr, and he beat him, yet one also says, أَمَرْتُكَ فَعَصَيْتَنِى [I commanded thee, but thou disobeyedst me]: or, accord. to some, the meaning is, We multiplied its luxurious inhabitants; (T;) and this is agreeable with another reading, namely, ↓ آمَرْنَا; (TA;) and a reading of El-Hasan, namely, أَمِرْنَا, like عَلِمْنَا, may be a dial. var., of the same signification: (M:) see 4, in two places: or it may be from الإِمَارَةُ; (S, TA;) [in which case it seems that we should read ↓ أَمَّرْنَا; or, perhaps, أَمَرْنَا: see 2:] Abu-l-'Áliyeh reads ↓ أَمَّرْنَا, and this is agreeable with the explanation of I'Ab, who says that the meaning is, We made its chiefs to have authority, power, or dominion. (TA.) b4: أَمَرَهُ, aor. ـُ also signifies He commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do that which it behooved him to do. (A.) [He counselled, or advised, him.] One says, مُرْنِى, meaning Counsel thou me; advise thou me. (A.) b5: أَمَرَ بِاقْتِنَاصٍ, said of a wild animal, means He rendered the beholder desirous of capturing him. (M.) A2: أَمَرَ, (As, Fr, Th, T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA;) and أَمُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, IKtt, K;) and أَمِرَ, aor. ـَ (M, K, and several other authorities; but by some this is disallowed; TA;) inf. n. أَمْرٌ (K) and إِمْرَةٌ (S) and إِمَارَةٌ; (As, T, S;) or the second is a simple subst.; (K;) or perhaps it is meant in the S that this and the third are quasi-inf. ns.; (MF;) He had, or held, command; he presided as a commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (M, Msb, K;) he became an أَمِير; (As, T, S;) عَلَى

القَوْمِ over the people. (M, * Msb, K.) [See also 5.]

أَمَرَ فُلَانٌ وَأُمِرَ عَلَيْهِ, or عليه ↓ وأُمِّرَ, (as in different copies of the S,) [Such a one has held command and been commanded,] is said of one who has been a commander, or governor, after having been a subject of a commander, or governor; meaning such a one is a person of experience; or one who has been tried, or proved and strengthened, by experience. (S.) A3: أَمَرَهُ as syn. with آمَرَهُ: see 4.

A4: أَمِرَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمَرٌ and أَمْرَة; (M, K, TA; the latter written in the CK اَمْرَة;) and أمُرَ, aor. ـَ (IKtt;) (assumed tropical:) It (a thing, M, Msb, or a man's property, or camels or the like, Abu-l-Hasan and S, and a people, T, S) multiplied; or became many, or much, or abundant; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) and became complete. (M, K.) b2: And the former, (assumed tropical:) His beasts multiplied; or became many; (M, K;) [ as also ↓ آمر; for you say,] بَنُو فُلَانٍ ↓ آمر, inf. n. إِيمَارٌ, (assumed tropical:) The property, or camels or the like, of the sons of such a one multiplied; or became many, or abundant. (M.) A5: أَمِرَ الأَمْرُ, (Akh, S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. أَمَرٌ, (Akh, S,) (assumed tropical:) The affair, or case, (i. e., a man's affair, or case, Akh, S,) became severe, distressful, grievous, or afflictive. (Akh, S, K.) 2 أمّرهُ, inf. n. تَأْمِيرٌ, He made him, or appointed him, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king. (S, * Mgh, Msb.) [And it seems to be indicated in the S that ↓ أَمَرَهُ, without teshdeed, signifies the same.] See 1, in three places. Yousay also, أُمِّرَعَلَيْنَا (A, TA) He was made, or appointed, commander, &c., over us. (TA.) b2: Also He appointed him judge, or umpire. (Mgh.) b3: أمّر القَنَاةَ (assumed tropical:) He affixed a spear-head to the cane or spear. (T, M.) [See also the pass. part. n., below.] b4: أمّرأَمَارَةٍ He made [a thing] a sign, or mark, to show the way. (T.) 3 آمرهُ فِي أَمْرِهِ, (T, * S, M, Msb,) inf. n. مُؤَامَرَةٌ, (S, K,) He consulted him respecting his affair, or case; (T, * S, M, Msb, K, * TA;) as also وَامَرَهُ; (TA;) or this is not a chaste form; (IAth, TA;) or it is vulgar; (S, TA;) and ↓ استأمرهُ, (M,) inf. n. اسْتِئْمَارٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ ائتمرهُ, (T,) inf. n. ائتِمَارٌ. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., آمِرُوا النِّسَآءَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِنَّ Consult ye women respecting themselves, as to marrying them. (TA.) And in another trad., آمَرَتْ نَفْسَهَا, meaning She consulted herself, or her mind; as also ↓ استأمرت نفسها. (TA.) [See another ex. voce نَفْسٌ. and see also 8.]4 آمر, inf. n. إِيمَارٌ: see 1, last sentence but one, in two places.

A2: آمْرٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ أَمَرَهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) accord. to some, (M,) aor. ـُ (Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمْرٌ; (Msb;) both signifying the same accord. to AO, (S,) or A 'Obeyd, (TA,) but the latter is of weak authority, (K,) or is not allowable; (M;) and, accord. to El-Hasan's reading of xvii. 17 of the Kur, (see 1,) ↓ أَمِرَهُ also; (M;) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) multiplied it; or made it many, or much, or abundant: (S, Msb:) He (God) multiplied, or made many or much or abundant, his progeny, and his beasts: (M, K:) and آمر مَالَهُ (assumed tropical:) He (God) multiplied, &c., his property, or camels or the like. (S.) A3: See also 1, first sentence, in two places.5 تأمّر He became made, or appointed, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (Msb;) he received authority, power, or dominion; عَلَيْهِمْ over them. (S, K.) [See also أَمَرَ.] b2: See also 8.6 تَاَاْمَرَ see 8, in three places.8 ائتمر [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَرَ] He obeyed, or conformed to, a command; (S, * M, Mgh, K; *) he heard and obeyed. (Msb.) You say, ائتمر بِخَيْرٍ, meaning He was as though his mind commanded him to do good and he obeyed the command. (M.) And [you use it transitively, saying,] ائتمر الأَمْرَ He obeyed, or conformed to, the command. (S.) And لَا يَأْتَمِرُ رُشْدًا He will not do right of his own accord. (A.) Imra el-Keys says, (S,) or En-Nemir Ibn-Towlab, (T,) وَيَعْدُو عَلَى المَرْءِ مَا يَأْتَمِرْ [And that which man obeys wrongs him, or injures him]; meaning, that which his own soul commands him to do, and which he judges to be right, but in which often is found his destruction: (S:) or, accord. to KT, that evil which man purposes to do: (T:) or that which man does without consideration, and without looking to its result. (A 'Obeyd, T.) [See what follows.] b2: He undertook a thing without consulting; (KT, T;) as though his soul, or mind, ordered him to do it and he obeyed it: (TA:) he followed his own opinion only. (Mgh.) One says, أَمَرْتُهُ فأْتَمَرَ وَأَبَى

أَنْ يَأْتَمِرَ, (A, Mgh,) meaning I commanded him, but he followed his own opinion only, and refused to obey. (Mgh.) b3: He formed an opinion, and consulted his own mind, and determined upon it. (Sh, T.) And ائتمر رَأْيَهُ He consulted his own mind, or judgment, respecting what was right for him to do. (Sh, T.) b4: ائتمروا, (A, Msb,) inf. n. ائْتِمَارٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ تآمروا, (A,) inf. n. تَآمُرٌ, of the measure تَفَاعُلٌ; (S;) and ↓ تأمّروا, (TA,) inf. n. تَأَمُّرٌ; (K;) They consulted together: (S, * A, Msb, K: *) or ائتمروا and ↓ تآمروا signify they commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, one another; like as one says, اقتتلوا and تقاتلوا, and اختصموا and تخاصموا: (T:) or ائتمروا عَلَى الأَمْرِ and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تآمروا, they determined, or settled, their opinions respecting the affair, or case: (M:) and ائتمروا بِهِ, (S, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (K,) signifies they purposed it, (S, Msb, K, *) namely, a thing, (Msb, K,) and consulted one another respecting it. (S.) It is said in the Kur [lxv. 6], وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ And command ye, or enjoin ye, one another to do good: [such is app. the meaning,] but God best knoweth: (T:) or, accord. to KT, purpose ye among yourselves to do good. (TA.) And in the same [xxviii. 19], إِنَّ الْمَلَأَ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقْتُلوُكَ, meaning Verily the chiefs command one another respecting thee, to slay thee: (Zj, T:) or consult together against thee, to slay thee: (AO, T:) or purpose against thee, to slay thee: (KT, T:) but the last but one of these explanations is better than the last. (T.) b5: See also 3. b6: Accord. to El-Bushtee, ائتمرهُ also signifies He gave him permission: but this has not been heard from an Arab. (Az, TA.) 10 إِسْتَاْمَرَ see 3, in two places.

أَمْرٌ A command; an order; a bidding; an injunction; a decree; an ordinance; a prescript: (S, * Msb, * TA, &c.:) pl. أَوَامِرُ: (S, Msb, &c.:) so accord. to common usage; and some writers of authority justify and explain it by saying that أَمْرٌ is [originally] مَأْمُوُرٌ بِهِ; that it is then changed to the measure فَاعِلٌ; [i. e., to آمِرٌ;] like أَمْرٌ عَارِفٌ, which is originally مَعْرُوفٌ; and عِيشَةٌ راضِيَةٌ, originally مَرْضِيَّةٌ; &c.; [and then, to أَمْرٌ;] and that فَاعِلٌ becomes in the pl. فَوَاعِلُ; so that أَوَامَرُ is the pl. of مَإْمُورٌ: others say that it has this form of pl. to distinguish it from أَمْرٌ in the sense of حَالٌ [&c.], in which sense it has for its pl. أُمُورٌ. (Msb, TA.) [But I think that أَوَامِرُ may be properly and originally pl. of آمِرَةٌ, for آيَةٌ آمِرَةٌ, or the like. MF says that, accord. to the T and M, the pl. of أَمْرٌ in the sense explained in the beginning of this paragraph is أُمُورٌ: but he seems to have founded his assertion upon corrupted copies of those works; for in the M, I find nothing on this point; and in the T, not, as he says, الأَمْرُضِدُّ النَّهْىَ وَاحِدُ الأُمُور, but قَالَ اللَّيْثُ الأَمْرُ مَعْرُوفٌ نَقِيضُ النَّهْىِ وَاحِدُ الأُمُورِ, evidently meaning that أَمْرٌ signifies the contr. of نَهْىٌ, and is also, in another sense, the sing. of أُمُورٌ.] [Hence,] أُولُو الأَمْرِ Those who hold command or rule, and the learned men. (M, K. [See Kur iv. 62.]) and أَمْرُاللّٰهِ The threatened punishment of God: so in the Kur x. 25, and xi. 42, and xvi.1; in which last place occur the words, أَتَي أَمْرُ اللّٰهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ, meaning The threatened punishment ordained of God hath, as it were, come: so near is it, that it is as though it had already come: therefore desire not ye to hasten it. (Zj, M, TA.) And The purpose of God. (Bd and Jel in lxv. 3; &c.) and الأَمْرُ قَرِيبٌ The resurrection, or the time thereof, is near. (Mgh, from a trad.) And مَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ

أَمْرِى, in the Kur xviii. 81, I did it not of my own judgment: (Bd:) or, of my own choice. (Jel.) [Hence also الأَمْرُ, in grammar, signifies The imperative form of a verb.] b2: Also A thing; an affair; a business; a matter; a concern: a state, of a person or thing, or of persons or things or affairs or circumstances; a condition; a case: an accident; an event: an action: syn. شَأْنٌ: (M, F, TA:) and حَالٌ, (Msb, TA,) and حَالَةٌ: (Msb:) and حَادِثَةٌ: (K:) and فِعْلٌ: (MF, TA:) and a thing that is said; a saying: ( TA voce أُولُو, at the end of art. ال:) pl. أُمُورٌ; (S, M, K, &c.;) its only pl. in the senses here explained. (TA.) You say, أَمْرُ فُلَانٍ مُسْتَقِيمٌ [The affair, or the like, of such a one is in a right state]: and امُورُهُ مُسْتَقِيمَةٌ [His affairs are in a right state]. (S, A.) And شَتَّتَ أَمْرَهُ He dissipated, disorganized, disordered, unsettled, or broke up, his state of things, or affairs. (As, TA in art. شعب.) [امر seems to be here used, as in many other instances, rather in the sense of the pl. than in that of the sing.] b3: أَمْرٌ كُلِّىٌّ [A universal, or general, prescript, rule, or canon]. (Msb voce قَاعِدَةٌ, KT voce قَانُونٌ, &c.) إِمْرٌ a subst. from أَمِرَالِأَمْرُ in the sense of اِشْتَدَّ; (S;) or a subst. from أَمِرَ as signifying كَثُرَ and تَمَّ; (M;) (assumed tropical:) [A severe, a distressful, a grievous, or an afflictive, thing: or] a terrible, and foul, or very foul, thing: or a wonderful thing. (TA,) Hence, [used as an epithet, like أَمِرٌ, q. v.,] in the Kur [xviii. 70], لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا (assumed tropical:) Verily thou hast done a severe, a distressful, a grievous, or an afflictive, thing: (S:) or a terrible, and foul, or very foul, thing: (TA:) or a wonderful thing: (S:) or an abominable, a foul, or an evil, and a wonderful, thing: (Ks, M, K: *) or a terrible and an abominable thing; signifying more than نَكْرًا, [which occurs after, in verse 73,] inasmuch as the [presumed] drowning of the persons in the ship was more abominable than the slaying of one person: (Zj, T:) or a crafty, and an abominable, or a foul, or an evil, and a wonderful, thing; and derived from أَمِرَ القَوْمُ as meaning كَثُرُوا. (Ks.) أَمَرٌ a coll. gen. n. of which أَمَرَةٌ (q. v.) is the n. un.

A2: See also تَأْمُورٌ.

أَمِرٌ: see إِمَّرٌ.

A2: (assumed tropical:) Multiplied; or become many, or much, or abundant. (M, K.) [See أَمِرَ.] Yousay زَرْعٌ أَمِرٌ (assumed tropical:) Abundant seed-produce. (Lh, M.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man whose beasts have multiplied, or become many or abundant. (M.) (assumed tropical:) A man blessed, or prospered, (Ibn-Buzurj, M, K, *) in his property: (M:) fem. with ة. (Ibn-Buzurj.) and with ة, (assumed tropical:) A woman blessed to her husband [ by her being prolific]: from the signification of كَثْرَةٌ. (M.) A3: (assumed tropical:) Severe; distressful; afflictive. (TA.) [See also إِمْرٌ.]

أَمْرَةٌ A single command, order, bidding, or injunction: as in the saying, لَكَ عَلَىَّ أَمْرَةٌ مُطَاعَةٌ Thou hast authority to give me one command, order, bidding, or injunction, which shall be obeyed by me. (S, M, * A, Msb, K.) You should not say, [in this sense,] إِمْرَةٌ, with kesr. (T, S.) A2: See also إِمْرَةٌ.

إِمْرَةٌ a subst. from أَمَرَ [q. v.]; Possession of command; the office, and authority, of a commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (M, * Msb, K;) as also ↓ إِمَارَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ; (L, K;) but this last is by some disallowed, and is said in the Fs and its Expositions to be unknown. (MF.) It is said in a trad., لَعَلَّكَ سآءَ تْكَ إِمْرَةُ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ Perhaps thy paternal uncle's son's possession of command hath displeased thee. (TA.) b2: [And hence, (assumed tropical:) Increase, or abundance, or the like; as also other forms mentioned in what follows.] You say, فِى وَجْهِ مَالِكَ تَعْرِفُ إِمْرَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) In the face of thy property, [meaning such as consists in camels or the like, and also money,] thou knowest its increase and abundance, and its expense: (S:) or ↓ إِمَّرَتَهُ, and ↓ إِمّرَتَهُ, which latter is a dial. var. of weak authority, and ↓ أَمَّرَتَهُ, i. e., its increase and abundance: (M:) or ↓ إِمَّرَتَهُ as meaning its prosperous state; as also ↓ أَمَارَتَهُ, and ↓ أَمْرَتَهُ: (Ibn-Buzurj:) accord. to AHeyth, who reads ↓ تُعْرَفُ إِمَّرَتُهُ, the meaning is, its decrease; but the correct meaning is, its increase, as Fr explains it. (T, TA.) It is said respecting anything of which one knows what is good in it at first sight: (Lh, M:) and means, on a thing's presenting itself, thou knowest its goodness. (T.) One says also, ↓ مأَحْسَنَ أَمَارَتَهُمْ (assumed tropical:) How good is their multiplying, and the multiplying of their offspring and of their number! (M.) And ↓ لَا جَعَلَ اللّٰهُ فِيهِ إِمَّرَةً (assumed tropical:) May God not make an increase to be therein. (T.) أَمَرَةٌ Stones: (K:) [or a heap of stones:] or it is the n. un. of أَمَرٌ, which signifies stones: (M:) or the latter signifies stones set up in order that one may be directed thereby to the right way: (Ham p. 409:) and the former also signifies a hill; (M, K;) and أَمَرٌ is [used as] its pl.: (M:) and a sign, or mark, by which anything is known; (M, K;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ; (As, S;) and أَمَرٌ is [used as] its pl. in this sense also: (M:) or a sign, or mark, set up to show the way; (AA, Fr;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَهٌ: (K:) or a small sign, or mark, of stones, to show the way, in a waterless desert; (S;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ [and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ]; and any sign, or mark, that is prepared: (TA:) or a structure like a مَنَارَة [here app. meaning a tower of a mosque], upon a mountain, wide like a house or tent, and larger, of the height of forty times the stature of a man, made in the time of 'Ád and Irem; in some instances its foundation being like a house, though it consists only of stones piled up, one upon another, cemented together with mud, appearing as though it were of natural formation: (ISh, T:) the pl. (in all the senses above, K) [or rather the coll. gen. n.,] is أَمَرٌ. (S, K.) A2: See also إِمْرَةٌ.

أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ A sign, mark, or token. (As, S Mgh.) See also each voce أَمَرَةٌ, in three places. You say, هِى أَمَارَةُ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ It is a sign, or token, of what is between me and thee. (T, * TA.) And a poet says, إِذَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسُ النَّهَارِ فَإِنَّهَا

أَمَارَةُ تَسْلِيمِى عَلَيْكِ فَسَلِّمِى

[When the sun of day rises, it is a sign of my saluting thee, therefore do thou salute]. (TA.) b2: Also A time: (As, S, K:) so IAar explains the latter word, not particularizing the time as definite or otherwise: (M:) or a definite time: (TA:) or a time, or place, of promise or appointment; an appointed time or place; syn. مَوْعِدٌ: (M, Mgh, K:) or, accord. to some, the former word is pl. [or rather col. gen. n.] of the latter. (TA.) El-'Ajjáj says, إِذْ رَدَّهَا بِكَيْدِهِ فَارْتَدَّتِ

إِلَي أَمَارٍ وَأَمَارِ مُدَّتِى

When He (meaning God) brings it, ( namely my soul,) by his skilful ordering, and his power, [and it is thus brought, or it thus comes, to a set time, and] to the time of the end of my appointed period: امارمدّتى being as above; the former word being prefixed to the latter, governing it in the gen. case. (IB. [In the S we find وَأَمَارٌ مُدَّتِى.]) أَمُورٌ [an intensive epithet from أَمَرَهُ]. You say, إِنَّهُ لَأَمُورٌ بِالْمَعْروفِ وَنَهُوٌّ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ Verily he is one who strongly commands, or enjoins, good conduct, and who strongly forbids evil conduct. (S in art. نهى, and A. *) أَمِيرٌ One having, holding, or possessing, command; (S;) a commander; a governor; a lord; (M, * Msb;) a prince, or king: (M, K:) fem. with ة: (S, K:) pl. إُمَرَآءُ. (M, Msb, K.) b2: A leader of the blind. (M, K.) So in the saying of El-Aashà: إِذَاكَانَ هَادِى الفَتَى فِى البِلَا دِصَدْرَ القَنَاةِ أَطَاعَ الأَمِيرَا [When the young man's guide in the countries, or lands, or the like, is the top of the cane, he obeys the leader of the blind]. (M.) b3: A woman's husband. (A.) b4: A neighbour. (K.) b5: A person with whom one consults: (A, K:) any one of whom one begs counsel, or advice, in a case of fear. (TA.) You say, هُوَ أَمِيرِى He is the person with whom I consult. (A.) أَمَارَةٌ: see إِمْرَةٌ, in three places: b2: and see also أَمَرَةٌ, in three places; and أَمَارٌ.

إِمَارَةِ: see إِمْرَةٌ. b2: الإِمَارَةُ is also used for صَاحِبُ الإمَارَةِ, i. e. الأَمِيرُ. (Mgh.) أَمَّرٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

إِمَّرٌ A man who consults every one respecting his case; as also ↓ أَمِرٌ and ↓ أَمَّارَةٌ: (M:) or a man resembling [in stupidity] a kid: [see the latter part of this paragraph:] (Th, M:) or, as also ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ (S, M, K, &c.) and ↓ أَمَّرٌ and ↓ أَمَّرَةٌ, (K,) a man having weak judgment, (S, K,) stupid, (T, M,) or weak, without judgment, (M, L,) or without intellect, or intelligence, (T,) who obeys the command of every one, (T, S,) who complies with what every one desires to do in all his affairs; (K;) a stupid man, of weak judgment, who says to another, Command me to execute thine affair. (IAth.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ يُطِعْ إِمَّرَةً لَا يَأْكُلْ ثَمَرَةً [He who obeys a stupid man, &c., shall not eat fruit: or the meaning is] he who obeys a stupid woman shall be debarred from good. (IAth.) ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ is applied to a woman and to a man: when it is applied to a man, the ة is added to give intensiveness to the signification. (ISh.) The following saying, إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشِّعْرَى

وَلَا إِمَّرًا, ↓ سَفَرًا فَلَا تُرْسِلْ فِيهَا إِمَّرَةً, in rhyming prose, means [When Sirius rises in the clear twilight,] send not thou among them (meaning the camels) a man without intelligence [in a great degree, nor one who is so in a less degree; or a woman without intelligence, nor a man without intelligence;] to manage them. (Sh.) b2: Also, (M, K,) and ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ and ↓ أَمَّرَ and ↓ أُمَّرٌ, (K,) A young lamb: (M, K:) or the first (إِمَرٌ) and the second, a young kid: (M, TA:) or the former of these two, a male lamb: (M, TA:) or a young male lamb: (S:) and the latter of them, a female lamb: (M, TA:) or a young female lamb. (S, M.) One says, ↓ مَا لَهُ إِمَّرٌ وَلَا إِمَّرَةٌ, meaning He has not a male lamb nor a female lamb: (M, TA:) or he has not anything. (T, S, M.) أَمَّرَةٌ: see إِمَّرٌ, in two places.

إِمَّرَةٌ: see إِمَّرٌ, in six places: A2: and see إِمْرَةٌ, in four places.

إِمّرَةٌ: see إِمْرَةٌ.

أَمَّارٌ [Wont to command]. [Hence,] النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ [The soul that is wont to command]; (A;) the soul that inclines to the nature of the body, that commands to the indulgence of pleasures and sensual appetites, drawing the heart downwards, so that it is the abode of evils, and the source of culpable dispositions. (KT.) [See نَفْسٌ.]

أَمَّارَةٌ fem. of أَمَّارٌ [q. v.]. b2: See also إِمَّرٌ.

آمِرٌ [act. part. n. of أَمَرَهُ.] b2: آمِرٌ and ↓ مُؤْتَمِرٌ Two days, (S,) the last, (K,) the former being the sixth, and the latter the seventh, (M,) of the days called أَيَّامُ الَجُوزِ: (S, M, K: [but see عَجُوزٌ:]) as though the former commanded men to be cautious, and the latter consulted them as to whether they should set forth on a journey or stay at home: (S:) accord. to Az, the latter is applied as an epithet to the day as meaning يُؤْتَمَرُفِيهِ. (TA.) تَأْمُرِىُّ: see تَأْمُورٌ, in two places.

تُؤْمُرِىٌّ, and without ء: see تَأْمُورٌ, in six places.

تَأْمُورٌ and ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ are properly mentioned in this art.; the measure of the former being تَفْعُولٌ; (K;) and that of the latter, تَفْعْلولَةٌ: (TA:) not as J has imagined; [who writes them without ء, and mentions them in art. تمر;] (K;) their measures accord. to him being فَاعُولٌ and فَاعُولَةٌ. (TA.) [But in all the senses here explained, they appear to be with and without ء.] b2: The former signifies The soul: (S in art. تمر, where it is written without ء; and M, A, K:) because it is that which is wont to command. (A.) One says, قَدْ عَلِمَ تَأْمُورُكَ ذلِكَ Thy soul, or self, hath known that. (Az, and T in art. تمر.) b3: The intellect: (M:) as in the saying, عَرَفْتُهُ بِتَأْمُورِي I knew it by my intellect. (M in art. تمر, without ء; and TA.) You say also, هُوَ ابْنُ تَأْمُورِهَا, meaning He is the knowing with respect to it. (TA in art. بني.) b4: The heart, (T in art. تمر without ء, and M, A, K,) itself. (M, TA.) Hence the saying, حَرْفٌ فِى تَأْمُورِى خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فى وِ عَائِكَ [One word in my heart is better than ten in thy receptacle]. (T in art. تمر, and TA.) b5: The pericardium. (M in art. تمر, without ء.) b6: The core, or black or inner part, or clot of blood, (حَبَّة, M, K, or عَلَقَة, TA,) and life, and blood, of the heart: (M, K:) or blood, (As, S, M, in art. تمر, and K,) absolutely: (TA:) and تَأْمُورُ النَّفْسِ signifies the life-blood: (As, S:) or the blood of the body: (S in art. نفس:) and the life of the soul. (M, K.) b7: Also, as being likened to blood, (TA,) (tropical:) Wine; and so ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ: (M, K:) and b8: (tropical:) A dye: (M, TA:) and b9: (tropical:) Saffron. (As, K.) b10: [Hence also,] (tropical:) Water. (M, K.) You say, مَا فىِ الرَّكِيَّةِ تَامُورٌ, (T, S in art. تمر, and M,) or تَأْمُورٌ, (A,) (tropical:) There is not in the well any water. (T, S, M, A.) A2: The wezeer (وَزِير) of a king: (M, K:) because his command is effectual. (TA.) A3: Any one: as in the saying, مَابِهَا تَأْمُورٌ, (T in art. تمر, A, K,) as also ↓ تُؤْمُورٌ, (T in art. تمر, and K,) each with an augmentative ت, and without ء as well as with it, accord. to Er-Radee and others, (TA,) and ↓ تَأْمُرِىُّ, and ↓ تَأْمُورِىُّ, (M,) and ↓ تُؤْمُرِىُّ, (T in art. تمر, M, TA,) or without ء, (S, M, K, in art. تمر,) and ↓ أَمَرٌ, (M, K,) There is not in it (i. e. in the house, الدار, M, A, TA) any one. (M, A, K, and T and S in art. تمر.) You say also, خَلَآءٌ بِلَادٌ

↓ لَيْسَ فِيهَاتُومُرِىٌّ Vacant regions wherein is not any one. (S in art. تمر.) ↓ تُؤْمُرِىٌّ (M, K) and ↓ تُومُرِىٌّ (S in art. تمر) and ↓ تَأْمُورِىٌّ and ↓ تَأْمُرِيٌّ (M, K) also signify A man, or human being. (S, * M, K.) You say, speaking of a beautiful woman, أَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا ↓ مَا رَأَيْتُ تُومُرِيَّا I have not seen a human being, or creature, more beautiful than she: (S and M in art. تمر:) and مَا رَأَيْتُ

أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ ↓ تُومُرِيَّا [I have not seen a man more beautiful than he]. (T and S in art. تمر.) Accord. to some, they are used only in negative phrases; but accord. to others, they are also used in such as are affirmative. (MF.) b2: Also Anything: as in the saying أَكَلَ الذِّئْبُ الشَّاةَ فَمَا تَرَكَ مِنْهَا تَامُورًا [The wolf ate the sheep, or goat, and left not of it anything]. (T and S in art. تمر.) A4: A child, young one, or fœtus syn. وَلَدٌ. (M, K.) A5: The receptacle (وِعَآء) of the child, young one, or fœtus. (M in art. تمر, without ء; and K.) b2: A وِعَآء [in the ordinary sense; i. e. a bag, or receptacle, for travelling-provisions and for goods or utensils &c.]. (M, K.) Hence the saying, أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِتَأْمُورِكَ Thou art best acquainted with what thou hast with thee; and with thine own mind. (M.) b3: Also, (K,) and ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ, (M, [in which the former is not given in the following senses,] and K,) or ↓ تَامُورَةٌ, (S in art. تمر,) A ewer, syn. إِبْرِيقٌ, (S, M, K,) for wine: (S:) and, (M, K,) or, as some say, (TA,) a حُقَّة (M, K, TA) in which wine is put. (TA.) b4: Also the first, (M, K,) or ↓ third, (T and S in art. تمر,) The chamber, or cell, (صَوْمَعَة, T and M in art. تمر, without ء, and S and K, and نامُوى, M, K,) of a monk. (M, K.) b5: And hence, (TA,) the first, (K,) and ↓ second, (M, K,) or ↓ third, of these three words, (T and S, in art. تمر,) (tropical:) The covert, or retreat, of a lion. (T, S, M, K.) Whence, ↓ فُلَانٌ أَسَدٌ فِى تَامُورَتِهِ (tropical:) Such a one is a lion in his covert: (T and S in art. تمر:) a saying borrowed from 'Amr Ibn-Maadee-Kerib: (T and S ibid:) or, accord. to some, it means, a lion in the greatness of his courage, and in his heart. (TA.) A6: Also (i. e. the first only) Play, or sport, of girls or of boys. (Th, M in art. تمر without ء, and K.) A7: See also يَأْمُورٌ.

تُؤْمُورٌ A sign, or mark, set up to show the way in a waterless desert; (K, TA;) consisting of stones piled up, one upon another: (TA:) pl. تَآمِيرُ. (K.) [See أَمَرَةٌ.]

A2: See also تَأْمُورٌ.

تَأْمُورَةٌ, and without ء: see تَأْمُورٌ, in eight places. b2: Also The pericardium; the integument (غِلَاف) of the heart. (S in art. تمر: there written without ء.) تَأْمُورِىٌّ: see تَأْمُورٌ, in two places.

مِئْمَرٌ Counsel; advice: as in the saying, فُلَانٌ بَعِيدٌ مِنَ المِئْمَرِ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ المِئْبَرِ Such a one is far from counsel, or advice: near to calumny, or slander. (A.) مُؤَمَّرٌ Made, or appointed, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king: (S, M, K: *) made to have authority, power, or dominion: (T, M, K:) in which latter sense it is explained by Khálid, as applied by Ibn-Mukbil to a spear. (T.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A cane, or spear-shaft, having a spearhead affixed to it. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A spear-head (T, TA) sharpened; syn. مُحَدَّدٌ. (T, M, K, TA.) b4: Distinguished, or defined, (مُحَدَّدٌ,) by signs, or marks: (TA:) or, as some say, (TA,) marked with a hot iron; syn. مُوْسُومٌ. (K, TA.) مَأْمُورٌ [pass. part. n. of أَمَرَهُ, q. v.]. b2: It is said in a trad., (S, &c.,) خَيْرُ المَالِ مُهْرَةٌ مَأْمُورَةٌ وَسِكَّةٌ مَأْبُورَةٌ (tropical:) The best of property are a prolific filly [and a row of palm-trees, or perhaps a tall palmtree, fecundated]; (Az, A 'Obeyd, T, S, A, K;) as though the filly were commanded [by God] to be so: (A, in which the epithet مأمورة thus used is said to be tropical:) [or] مأمورة is thus for the sake of conformity to مأبورة, and is originally مُؤْمَرَةٌ, (S, M, * K,) from آمَرَهَا اللّٰهُ: (TA:) or it is a dial. var. of weak authority; (K;) though, accord. to Az, it signifies made to have abundant offspring, from أَمَرَ اللّٰهُ المُهْرَةَ, meaning “God made the filly to have abundant offspring,” a dial. var. of آمَرَهَا, as A 'Obeyd also asserts it to be. (TA.) مَآمِرُ and مَآمِيرُ: see what next follows.

مُؤْتَمِرٌ [Obeying, or conforming to, a command; &c.: see 8. b2: ] One who acts according to his own opinion; (T;) who follows his own opinion only: or who hastes to speak. (M.) A2: See also آمِرٌ. b2: Also, and المُؤْتَمِرُ, [The month which is now commonly called] المُحَرَّمُ: (M, K:) the former appellation (مؤتمر) is that by which the tribe of 'Ád called it: (Ibn-El-Kelbee:) pl. ↓ مَآمِرُ and مَآمِيرُ [both anomalous]. (M, K.) [See شَهْرٌ.]

يَأْمُورٌ; (M, K;) so in all the copies of the K but in the L and other lexicons, ↓ تَأْمُورٌ; (TA;) A certain beast of the sea: or, as some say, a small beast: (M:) and a kind of mountain-goat: (M, K:) or a certain wild beast, (K, TA,) or a beast resembling the mountain-goat, (M,) having a single branching horn in the middle of his head. (M, TA.) [See يَحْمُورٌ, the oryx.]