ضيف
1 ضَافَ, (
M,
K,) [
aor. ـِ
inf. n. ضَيْفٌ; (
TK;) and ↓ اضاف, (
M,) and ↓ تضيّف, and ↓ ضيّف; (
K;) He, or it, inclined, (
M,
K,) and approached, or drew near; إِلَيْهِ [to him, or it]. (
M.)
b2: And ضافت الشَّمْسُ, (
S,
M,
Mgh,) or ضافت الشمس لِلْغُرُوبِ, (
O,)
aor. ـِ
inf. n. ضَيْفٌ; (
M;) and ↓ تضيّفت, (
S,
M,
Mgh,) or تضيّفت للغروب; (O;) and ↓ ضيّفت, (
S,
M,
Mgh,) ضيّفت للغروب; (O;) The sun inclined, (
S,
Mgh,
O,) or drew near, (
M,) to setting. (
S,
M,
Mgh, O.)
b3: And ضافت said of a woman,
aor. as above, She menstruated; (
O,
K;) because she who does so inclines, or declines, from a state of pureness to menstruation. (
O,
TA.)
b4: and ضاف السَّهْمُ, (
M,) or ضاف السهم عَنِ الهَدَفِ, (
S,
O,) The arrow turned aside from the butt: (
S,
M, O:) like صاف. (
S, O.) And ضاف عَنِ الشَّىْءِ,
inf. n. ضَوْفٌ [and ضَيْفٌ], He, or it, turned away from the thing: like صاف,
inf. n. صَوْفٌ [and صَيْفٌ]. (
M in art. ضوف.)
b5: And ضاف said of a man, (assumed
tropical:) He feared; as also ↓ اضاف. (
M.) and مِنْهُ ↓ اضاف (assumed
tropical:) He feared it, or was cautious of it; namely, an event, or affair; (
S,
M,
O,
K,
TA;) as also ضاف مِنْهُ: (
TA:) or (
tropical:) he was cautious of it with the caution of one encompassed, or beset, thereby. (
Z,
TA.)
A2: ضِفْتُهُ, (
S,
M,
O,
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـِ (
O,
K,)
inf. n. ضِيَافَةٌ, (
S,) or ضَيْفٌ, (
Msb,) or both; (
M,
O,
K;) and ↓ تَضَيَّفْتُهُ; (
S,
M,
O,
K;) I alighted at his abode; (
M,
Msb;) and inclined to him: (
M:) or I alighted at his abode (
S,
M,
O,
Msb,
K) as a ضَيْف [or guest], (
S,
O,
K,) or and became his ضَيْف [or guest]. (
M,
O,
Msb. [See also 3.]) And ضاف القَوْمَ, and ↓ تَضَيَّفَهُمْ, He alighted at the abode of the people, or party, as a ضَيْف [or guest]. (
Mgh.) And ↓ تَضَيَّفْتُهُ I came to him as a ضَيْف [or guest]. (
L,
TA.)
b2: [Hence,] ضافهُ الهَمُّ (assumed
tropical:) Anxiety befell him. (
S,
M, * O. [See, again, 3.])
b3: And ضِفْتُهُ signifies also I sought, or desired, of him entertainment as a ضَيْف [or guest]; and so ↓ تَضَيَّفْتُهُ; (
M;) or this latter, (
L,
Msb,) and ↓ اِسْتَضَفْتُهُ, (
M,) I asked of him such entertainment. (
M,
L,
Msb.) 2 ضيّف,
intrans.: see 1, first and second sentences.
A2: As trans.: see 4, last sentence, in four places.
b2: [Hence,] ضَيَّفْتُهُ signifies also (assumed
tropical:) I protected him, or defended him, from him who sought, or pursued, him: (
Msb:) (
tropical:) I rendered him safe, secure, or free from fear; and became at peace with him; thus used metaphorically. (
TA.) 3 ضايفهُ [
app. signifies He straitened him: (see 6:) or, perhaps, he became his guest; like ضَافَهُ, &c].
b2: [Hence one says,] ضايفهُ الهَمُّ (
tropical:) [Anxiety straitened him: or, perhaps, befell him; like ضَافَهُ]. (
TA.)
b3: [And ضايفهُ,
inf. n. مُضَايَفَةٌ, signifies also It was, or became, correlative to it; as, for instance, fathership to sonship. See also the next paragraph.]
4 اضاف,
intrans.: see 1, in three places.
b2: Also, said of a man, He ran, and hastened, made haste, or sped, (Ibn-'Abbád,
O,
K,) and fled, or turned away and fled: (
K:) and said of a dog as meaning he ran away, or fled. (
TA in art. جبن.)
b3: And اضاف عَلَى الشَّىْءِ
i. q. أَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِ [He looked upon, or viewed, the thing from above: or he was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of the thing: &c.]. (
O,
K, *
TA.)
b4: تُضِيفُ إِلَى صَوْتِ الفَحْلِ, said of a she-camel, means She hears with desire of going to him the voice, or sound, of the stallion. (
M.)
b5: and الإِضَافَةُ and ↓ التَّضَايُفُ signify Correlation, or reciprocal relation, so that one of the two cannot be conceived in the mind without the other; as in the case of الأُبُوَّةُ and البُنُوَّةُ [i. e. fathership and sonship]. (
KT. [See also 3.])
A2: اضافهُ إِلَيْهِ He made it to incline towards it; (
S,
M, *
O,
Msb,
K; *) namely, a thing (
S, O) to a thing. (
S,
O,
Msb.) He made it to lean, rest, or stay itself, against it, or upon it. (
M,
TA.) You say, اضاف ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الحَائِطِ He leaned his back against the wall. (
MA.) And اضاف إِلَيْهِ أَمْرًا (
tropical:) He rested, or stayed, upon him an affair, and desired him to do what would suffice. (
TA.)
b2: and He made him to have recourse to it, or to betake himself to it for refuge. (
S,
O,
K.)
b3: And He adjoined it to it. (
Msb.)
b4: And hence الإِضَافَةُ as a conventional term of the grammarians; because the first [of two nouns in the case to which it applies] is adjoined to the second: (
Msb:) [for] إِضَافَةُ الاِسْمِ إِلَى الاِسْمِ is [The prefixing the noun to the noun so that the former governs the latter in the
gen. case] as when you say غُلَامُ زَيْدٍ; in which instance, غلام is termed ↓
مُضَافٌ, and زيد is termed إِلَيْهِ ↓
مُضَافٌ: and this is done for the purpose of particularizing or appropriating, and of making known or definite: therefore the إِضَافَة of a thing to itself [i. e. the prefixing a noun in this manner to one identical therewith in meaning] is not allowable, because a thing does not make known, or definite, itself; (
S;) unless by an ellipsis, as when you say حَقُّ اليَقِينِ for حَقُّ الشَّىْءِ اليَقِينِ; or,
accord. to
Fr, the Arabs used to do so because of the difference of the two words themselves. (
S voce جَامِعٌ.) [الإِضَافَةُ is also often used as meaning The state of being prefixed in the manner explained above; or the connection of a noun so prefixed with its complement. The various kinds of إِضَافَة are sufficiently explained in the grammars of De Sacy and others: they are not proper subjects of a lexicon, though much is said respecting them in the
O, and more in the
Msb.
b5: Hence also, بِالإِضَافَةِ إِلَى كَذَا meaning In comparison with (
lit. to), or in relation to, (like بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى,) such a thing; as though in juxtaposition to it: a phrase of frequent occurrence: see an
ex. in
Bd ii. 6.]
b6: أَضَفْتُهُ (
inf. n. إِضَافَةٌ,
Msb) and ↓ ضَيَّفْتُهُ (
inf. n. تَضْيِيفٌ, O) both signify the same, (
S,
M,
O,
Msb,
K,) from الضِّيَافَةُ; (O;) i. e. both signify I made him a guest, or lodged him, or gave him refuge or asylum,
syn. أَنْزَلْتُهُ, (
S,
M,
Msb,) with me, as a ضَيْف [or guest], (
S,) and entertained him: (
S,
M,
Msb:) أَضَافُوهُ and ↓ ضَيَّفُوهُ both signify أَنْزَلُوهُ: (
Mgh:)
accord. to
Th, أَضَفْتُهُ signifies I lodged him at my abode as a ضَيْف: and I gave him (i. e. one in fear) protection, or refuge or asylum: (
Msb:) and ↓ ضَيَّفْتُهُ is also
expl. as meaning I fed him: and ↓ ضيّفهُ as meaning he made him to be in the condition of أَضْيَاف [or guests]. (
TA.) 5 تَضَيَّفَ
intrans.: see 1, first and second sentences.
b2: تَضَيُّفٌ signifies also The being collected together. (
KL, from the
Mj.)
b3: And The being a تَابِع [or follower, &c.]. (Id.)
A2: As trans.: see 1, latter half, in four places.
6 تَضَاْيَفَ see 4.
A2: تضايف as said of a valley, [from ضِيفٌ “ a side,”] It became narrow;
syn. تَضَايَقَ. (
S,
M, O.) تَضَايَفْنَ عَلَيْهِ, a phrase used by a poet [describing camels following an old camel], They became near to him, (
S,
M,
O,) by his side. (
S,
M.) And you say, تضايفهُ القَوْمُ The people, or party, became on both sides of him (بِضِيفَيْهِ). (
TA.) And تَضَايفُه السَّبُعَانِ The two beasts of prey hemmed him in on both sides. (
TA.) and تَضَايَفَتِ الكِلَابُ الصَّيْدَ and تَضَايَفَتْ عَلَيْهِ [The dogs hemmed in the object of the chase on both sides, or round about]. (
TA.) [In the
TA, all these are said to be
tropical; but why, I see not.]
7 انضاف إِلَيْهِ signifies He, or it, became joined, or adjoined, or added, to him, or it: and he joined himself to him: but is perhaps postclassical.]
10 إِسْتَضْيَفَ see 1, last sentence.
b2: You say also اِسْتَضَافَنِى, meaning He desired me, or asked me, to grant him protection, or refuge. (
Msb.) and استضاف فُلَانٌ إِلَى فُلَانٍ Such a one had recourse, or betook himself, to such a one for protection, or refuge. (
IAar,
M.) ضَيْفٌ A guest: and guests: (
MA:) so called because adjoined to the family and fed with them: (
Ham p. 124:) it is applied to one, and to a
pl. number, (
S,
M,
MA,
O,
Msb,
K,) and to a male and to a female, (
S,
O,
Msb,
K,) because it is originally an
inf. n.: (
MA,
Msb:) [as a
sing.,]
i. q. ↓ مُضَيَّفٌ, (
M,) which is
syn. with نَزِيلٌ: (
TA:) and applied to a
pl. number, it may be
pl. [or rather a
quasi-pl. n.] of ↓ ضَائِفٌ, which is
syn. with نَازِلٌ; thus being of the class of زَوْزٌ and صَوْمٌ: (
M:) and it is also pluralized, having for its pls. أَضْيَافٌ and ضِيفَانٌ (
S,
M,
MA,
O,
Msb,
K) and ضُيُوفٌ (
S,
M,
MA,
O,
K) and ضِيَافٌ, (
MA,
TA,) the first of which is properly a
pl. of pauc., but is also used as a
pl. of mult.: (
M:) and a female is termed ضَيْفَةٌ as well as ضَيْفٌ: (
S,
M,
O,
Msb,
K:) El-Ba'eeth says, لَقًى حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْىَ ضَيْفَةٌ [A castaway with whom his mother became pregnant while she was a guest]: (
S,
M, O:) or,
accord. to
AHeyth, the meaning here is that which follows. (
O.)
b2: ضَيْفَةٌ applied to a woman signifies also Menstruating: (
O,
K:) so says
AHeyth with reference to the citation above from El-Ba'eeth. (
O.) ضِيفٌ The side (
T,
S,
M,
O,
K) of a valley (
T,
M) and of a mountain (
M) [&c.: see 6]: and, as metaphorically used by an anonymous poet, of the ذَكَر: (
M:) and ↓ مَضَايِفُ signifies the sides of a valley. (
TA.)
b2: And one says, فُلَانٌ فِى ضِيفِ فُلَانٍ, meaning Such a one is in the vicinage, or quarter, of such a one. (
M.) ضَيْفَنٌ One who comes with a guest: (
S, O:) or who so comes intruding without invitation: (
K:) or one who follows a guest: derived from ضَيْفٌ,
accord. to
Sb; but said by
Az to belong to art. ضفن: (
M:) [
accord. to
J and
Sgh] the ن is augmentative: the
pl. is ضَيَافِنُ. (
S, O.) ضِيَافَةٌ an
inf. n. of ضِفْتُهُ in the first of the senses assigned to the latter above. (
S,
M,
O,
K.)
b2: [And] a
subst. from أَضَفْتُهُ and ضَيَّفْتُهُ [as such signifying The entertainment of a guest or guests; i. e. the act of entertaining: and an entertainment as meaning a repast, given to a guest or guests; a banquet, or feast]. (
Msb.) [Hence, دَارُ الضِّيَافَةِ The house of entertainment of guests.]
ضَائِفٌ A man alighting as a guest;
syn. نَازِلٌ: (
M,
TA:) see ضَيْفٌ: its [proper]
pl. is ضُيَّفٌ. (
TA.)
مُضَافٌ; and
مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ: see 4.
b2: The former signifies also (
tropical:) One who is made an adjunct, or adherent, to a people, or party, (
S,
M,
O,
K,
TA,) and made to incline to them, (
M,) not being of them. (
M,
TA.) One says, مَا هُوَ إِلَّا
مُضَافٌ (
tropical:) [He is none other than an adjunct, or adherent]. (
TA.)
b3: And (
tropical:) One whose origin, or lineage, or parentage, is suspected; or who makes a claim to relationship not having it: (
O,
K,
TA:) and (
K) whose origin, or relationship, is referred to a people, or party, of whom he is not a member. (
O,
K,
TA.)
b4: And One who is constrained to betake himself to a place of refuge, (
M,
O,
K,
TA,) to a narrow, or confined, place, and who is burdened with evil: (
TA:) El-Bureyk ElHudhalee says, وَيَحْمِى الـ
ـمُضَافَ إِذَا مَا دَعَا [And he protects him who is constrained to betake himself to a place of refuge, when he calls for aid]. (
M.) And ↓ مُسْتَضَافٌ signifies the same as
مُضَافٌ [
app. in the last of the senses
expl. above]: so says
IB; and he cites the saying of Jowwás Ibn-Heiyán El-Azdee, عِ وَأَحْمِى المُسْتَضَافَا ↓ وَلَقَدْ أَقْدَمُ فِى الرَّوٌ [
app. meaning And verily I advance boldly in the case of fear, and I protect him who is constrained to betake himself to a place of refuge]. (
TA.) [See also مَضُوفٌ.]
b5: Also One who is beset, hemmed in, or encompassed, in war, or battle: (
S,
O,
K: said in the
TA to be
tropical:) or one falling among the horsemen and men of valour, having in him no strength. (
M.) [See, again, مَضُوفٌ.]
b6: And One in a state of fear. (
TA.) مَضُوفٌ Beset by distress of mind: (
TA:) [
accord. to Freytag, as from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, constrained to seek refuge: (see also
مُضَافٌ:)] it occurs in the saying of the Hudhalee, أَنْتَ تُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ المَضُوفِ [Thou answerest the prayer, or call, of him who is beset &c.]; and is formed after the manner of بُوعَ for بِيعَ. (
M,
TA.) مَضِيفٌ a
dial. var. of مَصِيفٌ [
q. v.]. (
TA.) [
ISd says that] مَضِيفًا occurring in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb [as some relate it], cited
voce كَرَبَةٌ, [where the reading of مَصِيفًا is given,] is for ضَائِفًا, meaning Turning aside; crooked. (
M.) مُضِيفٌ Fleeing; or turning away and fleeing. (Ibn-'Abbád, O. [See also its verb.])
مُضَافَــةٌ Hardship, or difficulty, or distress. (
TA.)
b2: See also the next paragraph.
مَضُوفَةٌ, an
anomalous word, by rule مَضِيفَةٌ, (
Kh,
Sb,
TA in art. ضوف,) Anxiety; and want, or a want; (O and
K in that art.;) and ↓ مَضِيفَةٌ and ↓ مُضِيفَةٌ signify the same; (O in that art. and in art. ضيف;) or these two signify anxiety, and grief: (
K in this art.:) or مَضُوفَةٌ signifies an affair, or event, that is feared, or of which one is cautious; (
S and
M in this art.;) thus
accord. to
As; and ↓ مَضِيفَةٌ and ↓
مُضَافَــةٌ signify the same. (
S,
L,
TA.) مَضِيفَةٌ and مُضِيفَةٌ: see both in the next preceding paragraph; the former in two places.
مَضْيَفَةٌ, of the measure مَفْعَلَةٌ, A place of ضِيَافَة [i. e. entertainment of a guest or guests:
pl. مَضَايِفُ]. (
TA.) مُضَيَّفٌ: see ضَيفٌ.
مُضَيِّفٌ The master of an abode in which guests are entertained; as also ↓ مَضَايِفِىٌّ. (
TA.) مِضْيَافٌ [One who often entertains guests]. (
Har p. 579.) مَضَايِفُ [
pl. of مَضْيَفَةٌ:
b2: and also of a
sing. not mentioned]: see ضِيفٌ.
مَضَايِفِىٌّ [from مَضَايِفُ
pl. of مَضْيَفَةٌ]: see مُضَيِّفٌ.
إِسْمَآءٌ مُتَضَايِفَةٌ Correlative nouns; i. e. nouns significant of the existence of persons, or things, whereof the existence of one necessarily indicates the existence of another; as أَبٌ and اِبْنٌ [father and son]. (
Er-Rághib,
TA.) مُسْتَضَافٌ: see
مُضَافٌ.
مُسْتَضِيفٌ [
act. part. n. of 10,
q. v.:] Asking, or calling, for aid, or succour. (Ibn-'Abbád,
O,
K.)
