صوم
1 صَامَ, (
S,
M, &c.,)
aor. ـُ (
Msb,)
inf. n. صَوْمٌ, and صِيَامٌ; (
S,
M,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) and ↓ اِصْطَامَ; (
M,
K;) He abstained, (
Msb,
TA,) in an absolute sense: (
Msb:) this is the primary signification: (
TA:) [or] this is said to be the signification in the proper language of the Arabs: (
Msb:) and in the language of the law, (
Msb,
TA,) he observed a particular kind of abstinence; (
Msb;) i. e. (
TA) he abstained from food (
S,
M,
K,
TA) and drink (
M,
K,
TA) and coïtus: (
M,
K:) and (
S, *
M, &c.) by a
tropical application, (
TA,) (
tropical:) from speech: (
S, *
M,
Mgh,
Msb, *
K,
TA:) or صَوْمٌ in the proper language of the Arabs signifies a man's abstaining from eating: and by a secondary application, a particular serving of God [by fasting]; (
Mgh;) [i. e.] the abstaining from eating and drinking and coïtus from daybreak to sunset: (
KT:)
accord. to
Kh, it signifies [properly] the standing without work. (
S.) صام الشَّهْرَ means صام فِى الشَّهْرِ [He fasted during the month]: agreeably with what is said in the
Kur ii. 181. (
TA.) And it is said (
S,
M) by
I'Ab (
S) that the saying, in the
Kur [xix. 27], (
S,
M,) إِنِّى نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمٰنِ صَوْمًا means (assumed
tropical:) [Verily I have vowed unto the Compassionate] an abstaining from speech. (
S,
M,
Msb.) One says also, صام الفَرَسُ,
inf. n. صَوْمٌ (
S,
M) and صِيَامٌ, (
M,) (assumed
tropical:) The horse stood without eating of fodder; (
S;) or abstained from the eating of fodder. (
M,
A,
Mgh.) And صام عَنِ السَّيْرِ (
tropical:) He abstained from going along, or journeying. (
TA.)
b2: [Hence,] صامت الشَّمْسُ (assumed
tropical:) The sun became [apparently] stationary [in the mid-heaven]: (
T,
TA:) or attained its full height. (
M,
TA.)
b3: And صام النَّهَارُ, (
inf. n. صَوْمٌ,
S,) (
tropical:) The day reached its midpoint. (
S,
M,
Mgh,
K,
TA.)
b4: And صامت الرِّيحُ, (
M,
TA,)
inf. n. صَوْمٌ, (
S,
K,) (
tropical:) The wind became still, or calm. (
S,
M,
K,
TA.)
b5: And صام المَآءُ, [
inf. n. صِيَامٌ (see صُلَاقَةٌ) and probably صَوْمٌ also,] (assumed
tropical:) The water became still, or motionless;
syn. قَامَ and دَامَ. (
TA.)
b6: And صام النَّعَامُ, (
M,
K,)
inf. n. صَوْمٌ, (
M,) (
tropical:) The ostrich cast forth its dung; (
M,
K,
TA;) and in the same sense the verb is used in relation to the domestic fowl; because each stands still in doing this, or because each becomes tranquil by reason of the passing forth of that which occasions annoyance: and
accord. to [some one or more of the copies of] the
M, صام النَّهَارُ,
inf. n. صَوْمٌ, The نهار, by which is here meant the young one of the كَرَوَان, [or rather of the bustard called حُبَارَى,] cast forth what was in its belly. (
TA.)
A2: صام مَنِيَّتَهُ
i. q. ذَاقَهَا [He tasted, or experienced, his death]. (
K.)
A3: And صَامَ He (a man) shaded himself by means of the tree called صَوْم. (
K.) 8 إِصْتَوَمَ see 1, first sentence.
صَوْمٌ an
inf. n. of 1 [
q. v.]. (
S,
M, &c.)
b2: [Hence,] الصَّوْمُ [
app. for وَقْتُ الصَّوْمِ] means also (
tropical:) [The month of] Ramadán: (
K,
TA:) whence the saying of Aboo-Zeyd, أَقَمْتُ بِالبَصْرَةِ صَوْمَيْنِ, meaning [I remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in El-Basrah] two Ramadáns. (
TA.)
b3: And [in like manner] صَوْمٌ also means (assumed
tropical:) A Christian church;
syn. بِيعَةٌ: (
S,
K,
TA:) as though for مَحَلُّ الصَّوْمِ i. e. الوَقْفِ [the place of station: for, as Hooker says, speaking of the ancient usage of the Church, “their manner was to stand at prayer, whereupon their meetings unto that purpose had the names of stations given them ”]. (
TA.)
A2: See also صَائِمٌ.
A3: Also (assumed
tropical:) The dung of the ostrich. (
S,
M,
K.)
A4: And, in the
dial. of Hudheyl, (
S,) Certain trees, (
S,
M,) or a certain tree, (
K,) [but] the
n. un. is with ة, of the form of the figure of a human being, (
M,) ugly in appearance, (
M,
K,) very much so, the fruits of which are called رُؤُوسُ الشَّيَاطِينِ, i. e. [the heads] of the serpents, [see شَيْطَانٌ and زَقُّومٌ,] not having leaves:
AHn says that they have [what are termed] هَدَب [
q. v.], their branches do not spread forth, they grow in the manner of the [species of tamarisk called] أَثْل, but are not so tall, and mostly grow in the districts of Benoo-Shebábeh. (
M.) صَامَةٌ, for صَوْمَةٌ,
inf. n. of un. of صَامَ: see a verse cited
voce تَابَ, in art. توب.
صَوْمَانُ: see صَائِمٌ.
أَرْضٌ صَوَامٌ Dry land or ground, in which is no water. (
K.) صَوَّامٌ is like صَائِمٌ but having an intensive signification [i. e. meaning Abstaining, &c., much or often]. (
Msb.) One says رَجُلٌ صَوَّامٌ قَوَّامٌ, meaning A man who fasts (يَصُومُ) [often] in the day, and who rises [often] in the night [to pray]. (
TA.) صَائِمٌ Abstaining, in an absolute sense: this is said to be the signification in the proper language of the Arabs: and in the language of the law, observing a particular kind of abstinence; (
Msb;) [i. e.] abstaining from food (
S,
M,
K) and drink and coïtus: and, [by a
tropical application, (see 1, first sentence,)] (
tropical:) from speech: (
M,
K:) it is applied to a man: (
S,
M,
Msb:) and ↓ صَوْمَانُ signifies the same, (
S,
K,) so applied; (
S;) as also ↓ صَوْمٌ, (
M,
K,) applied to a man, (
M,) and to a woman, and to two men, (
TA,) and to a
pl. number; (
M,
K;) being an
inf. n. used as an
epithet; (
TA;) or it is a
pl., [or rather
quasi-pl. n.,] like زَوْرٌ: (
M voce ضَيْفٌ:) or, in the proper language of the Arabs, صَائِمٌ signifies abstaining from eating: and by a secondary application, serving God in a particular manner [by fasting: see again 1, first sentence]: (
Mgh:)
accord. to
AO, it signifies any creature abstaining from food, or (assumed
tropical:) from speech, or (assumed
tropical:) from going along or journeying: (
S,
Msb:)
pl. صِيَامٌ and صُوَّمٌ (
S,
M,
Mgh,
Msb,
K) and صُيَّمٌ (
S,
M,
Msb,
K) and صِيَّمٌ and صُوَّامٌ and صُيَّامٌ and صَيَامَى, (
M,
K,) the last of which [written in the
CK صُيَامَى] is
extr. (
M.)
b2: Applied to a horse, (assumed
tropical:) Standing still (
S, (
M,
Msb) without eating of fodder (
S,
Msb) or without eating anything: (
M:) or abstaining from the eating of fodder: (
Mgh:) or standing upon his four legs. (
Az in art. صون, and
TA.)
b3: And بَكْرَةٌ صَائِمَةٌ (assumed
tropical:) A sheave of a pulley that remains still, (
Mgh,
TA,) that will not revolve. (
S,
Mgh,
TA.)
b4: And مَآءٌ صَائِمٌ (assumed
tropical:) Water that is still, or motionless;
syn. قَائِمٌ and دَائِمٌ. (
Mgh,
TA.) مَصَامٌ (
tropical:) The station, or standing-place, of a horse; as also ↓ مَصَامَةٌ. (
S,
K,
TA.)
b2: and مَصَامُ النَّجْمِ (assumed
tropical:) The [imaginary] place of suspension of the asterism [meaning the Pleiades]. (
M.) Imra-el-Keys says,
كَأَنَّ الثُّرَيَّا عُلّقَتْ فِى مَصَامِهَا
بِأَـ
ـمْرَاسِ كَتَّانٍ إِلَى صُمِّ جَنْدَلِ
[
As though the Pleiades were hung, in their place of suspension, by means of ropes of flax, to hard and solid rocks: i. e. they seemed as though they were stationary: he means that the night was tedious to him]. (
S. [See
EM p. 36, where a reading of the former hemistich different from that above is given, with the same and another reading of the latter hemistich.])
b3: One says also, جِئْتُهُ وَالشَّمْسُ فِى مَصَامِهَا, meaning (assumed
tropical:) [I came to him when the sun was] in the middle of the sky. (
TA.) مَصَامَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.
