تلو

1 تَلَا He followed; or went, or walked, behind, or after. (IAar, T.) You say, تَلَوْتُهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تُلُوٌّ (S, M, Msb, K) and تَلْوٌ, (Er-Rághib, MF,) I followed him or it; or went, or walked, behind, or after, him or it; (S, M, Msb, K;) namely, a man [&c.]; (S, Msb;) immediately, or without intervention; and sometimes it means bodily [or in reality]; and sometimes, virtually, or in effect: (Er-Rághib:) and so تَلَيْتُهُ; (K;) and ↓ تَلَّيْتُهُ, (As, * T, * K,) inf. n. تَتْلِيَةٌ. (K.) The phrase, in the Kur xci. 2, وَالقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا means By the moon when its rising follows the rising thereof; i. e., the rising of the sun; at the beginning of the lunar month: (Bd:) or, when it follows in rising the setting thereof, (Bd, Jel,) on the night of the full moon: (Bd:) or, when it follows it in becoming round, and in fullness of light; (M, * Bd;) i. e., when it follows it in the way of imitation, and in respect of rank; for the moon borrows its light of the sun, and is to it in the place of a successor. (Er-Rághib.) Here, Ks pronounced تلاها with imáleh, [either because تَلَيْتُ is a dial. var. of تَلَوْتُ, or] because, although it has و for its last radical letter, it occurs with words that may be so pronounced, namely, يَغْشَاهَا and بَنَاهَا. (M.) b2: تَلَوْتُ الأِبِلَ (tropical:) I drove, or brought, or gathered, the camels together, from their several quarters: because the driver follows the driven. (A, TA.) b3: هُوَ يَتْلُو فُلَانًا He imitates such a one, and follows what he does; he follows him in action. (T.) b4: تَلَا, (T,) first Pers\. تَلَوْتُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (T,) inf. n. تِلَاوَةٌ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) He read, or perused, or he recited, (T, M, K,) the Kur-án, (S, M, Msb, K,) or any discourse, or piece of language: (M, K:) or he followed it, (I'Ab, T, S, * M,) and did according to it; (I'Ab, Mujáhid, T;) namely, the Scripture: (I'Ab, Mujáhid, T, M:) or the inf. n. specially signifies the following God's revealed Scriptures, sometimes by reading, or perusing, or by reciting, and sometimes by conforming therewith [as well as by reading, &c., but not otherwise, for] every تِلَاوَة is قِرَآءَة, but the reverse is not the case. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [You say also, تَلَا عَلَيْهِ He recited, or related, to him a narrative &c.: see Kur v. 30, &c.] And فُلَانٌ يَتْلُو عَلَى فُلَانٍ, and يَقُولُ عَلَيْهِ, Such a one lies, or says what is false, against such a one. (TA.) وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُوالشَّيَاطِينُ, in the Kur ii. 96, means [And they followed] what the devils related, or rehearsed, ('Atà, T,) or spoke; (A'Obeyd, T;) or, what the devils of the Jinn, or of mankind, or of both, read, or recited, or what they followed, of the writings of enchantment: (Bd:) some here read ↓ تُتَلِّى. (T.) Hence the saying, لَا دَرَيْتَ وَلَا تَلَيْتَ: (T:) or, accord. to Yoo, it is ↓ ولا أَتْلَيْتَ: (T, S:) and others say that it is ولا ائْتَلَيْتَ, from أَلَوْتُ. (T. [See these three readings explained in the latter part of the first paragraph of art. الو.]) A2: He remained behind, or held back. (IAar, ISk, T.) You say, تَلَا بَعْدَ قَوْمِهِ He held back, or lagged behind, after his people, or company, and remained. (TA.) And تَلَوْتُهُ, (Az, A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K,) and تَلَوْتُ عَنْهُ, (Az, T, M, K,) aor. ـُ (Az, T,) inf. n. تُلُوٌّ, (Az, T, M,) I left him, and held back from going with him: (Az, T:) I held back from him, or from aiding him, and left him: (Az, A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K:) thus the verb bears two contr. significations. (K.) A3: He bought a تِلْو, meaning the young one of a mule. (IAar, T, K.) A4: تَلِيَتْ لِى مِنْ حَقِّى تَلِيَّةٌ, and تُلَاوَةٌ, aor. ـَ (ISk, S,) inf. n. تَلًا, (TA,) There remained to me, of my right, or due, a remainder. (ISk, S.) And تَلِيَتْ لِى عِنْدَهُ تَلِيَّةٌ There remained to me, with him, or there remained owing to me by him, a remainder. (As, T.) And تَلِىَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ كَذَا, (M, K,) inf. n. تَلًا, (M,) There remained, of the month, such a portion. (M, K.) 2 تَلَّوَ see 1, in two places. b2: هُوَ يُتَلَّى بَقِيَّةَ حَاجَتِهِ He demands, and seeks to obtain, the remainder of that which he wants. (T.) b3: تلّى صَلَاتَهُ, (T, M, K,) inf. n. تَتْلِيَةٌ, (K,) He made his prayer to be followed by other prayer: (T:) or he made his prescribed prayer to be followed by supererogatory prayer. (Sh, M, K.) b4: تلّىِ, inf. n. as above, [is also said to signify] He stood erect for prayer. (TA. [But see مِتَلٌّ, in art. تل.] b5: Also He accomplished, or fulfilled, his vow. (IAar, M, K.) b6: And He was at the last gasp. (Az, S, M, K.) A2: See also 4.3 تالاهُ, inf. n. مُتَالَاةٌ, i. q. رَاسَلَهُ [meaning, فِى الغِنَآءِ, i. e. He relieved him, or aided him, in singing, by taking up the strain when the latter was unable to prolong his voice sufficiently for the accomplishing of the cadence; or he did so with a high voice: see مُتَالٍ, below]. (TA.) 4 أَتْلَيْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ I made him to follow him; or, it to follow it. (M, K.) Hence, (TA,) اتلاهُ اللّٰهُ

أَطْفَالًا God made him, or may God make him, to have little children following him. (S, TA.) And أَتْلَتْ She (a camel) had her young one following her: (S, K:) whence the saying, لَا دَرَيْتَ وَلَا أَتْلَيْتَ; accord. to Yoo: (S:) but see 1, where two other readings are mentioned, with a reference to the explanations. b2: [Hence also,] أَتْلَيْتُهُ I preceded him, outwent him, outstripped him, or got before him. (S.) And مَا زِلْتُ أَتْلُوهُ حَتَّى أَتْلَيْتُهُ I ceased not to follow him until I became before him. (S.) b3: أَتْلَيْتُ حَقِّى عِنْدَهُ I left a remainder of my due with him. (S, K.) And أَتْلَيْتُ عِنْدَهُ تَليَّةً I left with him a remainder (T, M) of a thing, or of a debt, or of a needful thing. (M.) b4: أَتْلَيْتُهُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ I referred him, or turned him over, for the payment of what was owing to him, to such a one, transferring the responsibility for the debt to the latter. (T, S, * K. *) b5: اتلاهُ ذِمَّةً He gave him a bond, or an obligation, whereby he became responsible for his safety: (S, K:) and اتلاهُ alone (T, M, K) signifies the same; (T;) he gave him what is termed تَلَآء, (M, K,) i. e. ذِمَّةً, (K,) or جِوَارًا, (M, K,) and meaning also an arrow on which was written his (the giver's) name, (K, * TA,) in order that, when he went to a tribe, he might show it to them, and they would not harm him: (TA:) and اتلاهُ سَهْمًا (assumed tropical:) he gave him an arrow whereby to demand protection, (M, K, TA,) in order that he might not be harmed: and اتلاهُ نَعْلًا he gave him a sandal for that purpose: (TA:) and it means (tropical:) he made him his تِلْو [or follower], and his companion. (TA.) ↓ تلّى, also, signifies, like أَتْلَى, He gave him his bond, or obligation, by which he became responsible for his safety. (TA.) 5 تتلّى He sought repeatedly, or in a leisurely manner, or by degrees, (T, S, M, K,) to obtain his right, or due, until he received it fully, or wholly, (T, S,) or to obtain a thing. (M, K.) b2: He collected much wealth. (IAar, T.) b3: تَتَلَّيْتُ حَقِّى عِنْدَهُ I left with him, or in his possession, somewhat remaining of my right, or due. (IAar, T.) A2: Somewhat remained of his debt. (IAar, T.) 6 تَتَالَتِ الأُمُورُ The things, or events, were consecutive; they followed one another. (M, K.) And جَآءَتِ الخَيْلُ تَتَالِيًا The horses, or horsemen, came consecutively. (S.) 10 استتلاهُ الشَّىْءَ He, or it, invited him to follow the thing. (M, K.) b2: اِسْتَتْلَيْتُ فُلَانًا I made such a one to follow me. (IAar, T.) b3: And I looked for, expected, awaited, or waited for, such a one. (IAar, T.) A2: استتلى فُلَانًا also signifies (tropical:) He sought, or demanded, of such a one, the arrow of protection [called تَلَآء, q. v.]. (TA.) تَلًا: see تَلِيَّةٌ.

تِلْوٌ A thing that follows another thing: (K:) and a follower of another man. (TA.) See also تِلْوُ الشَّىْءِ تَالٍ means That which follows the thing: (S:) and هٰذَا تِلْوُ هٰذَا This is what follows this. (M.) [Hence,] تِلْوُ النَّاقَةِ The she-camel's young one that follows her: (S:) and تِلْوٌ [alone] a ewe's, or she-goat's, (M,) or she-camel's, (K,) young one when weaned, and following the mother; pl. أَتْلَآءٌ; and fem. with ة: (M, K:) and the young one of the ass; (M, K;) because he follows his mother: (M:) and the young one of a mule: (IAar, T, K:) and, accord. to En-Nadr, a kid, and a lamb, that has become large in the stomach or belly (استكرش) and in no need of his mother; fem. with ة: (T:) or the fem. signifies a she-kid that has passed beyond the limit of those that are termed أَجْفَار [pl. of جَفْرٌ, q. v.], (M, K,) until she has completed a year [from her birth] and so become a جَذَع. (M.) And a تِلْوَة of sheep or goats is One that is brought forth, or that brings forth, [the verb is تُنْتَجُ, which has both of these meanings,] before the صَفَرِيَّة [q. v.]. (S, K.) A2: Also High, or lofty. (K.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَتِلْوُ المِقْدَارِ Verily he, or it, is high, or lofty, in measure. (TA.) تَلَآءٌ A bond, or an obligation, by which one becomes responsible for the safety of another: (S, M, K:) and an arrow upon which the giver writes his name, (M, K, [in the CK, المَتْلِىْ is erroneously put for المُتْلِى,]) and which he gives to a man, who, when he goes to a tribe, and shows it to them, passes unmolested: (M:) and, accord. to IAmb, responsibility, or suretiship. (TA.) b2: Also The transfer of a debt, or of a claim, by shifting the responsibility from one person to another. (Z, TA.) تَلُوٌّ A man incessantly following: (IAar, M, K:) not mentioned by Yaakoob among the instances of this measure which he has limited; as حَسُوٌّ and فَسُوٌّ. (M.) تَلِىٌّ [accord. to the CK, erroneously, تِلْىٌ,] Using many oaths (كَثِيرُ الأَيْمَانِ): and Having much wealth. (IAar, T, K.) تَلِيَّةٌ [accord. to the CK, erroneously, تِلْيَةق,] and ↓ تُلَاوَةٌ (ISk, T, S, M, K) and ↓ تَلًا (M, TA) A remainder (ISk, T, S, M, K) of a thing, (M,) or of a right or due, (ISk, S,) or of a debt, (S, M, K,) and of a thing wanted, (ISk and T in explanation of the second word, and M,) &c. (K.) One says also, ذَهَبَتْ تَلِيَّةُ الشَّبَابِ (tropical:) The remainder of youthfulness, or youthful vigour, departed. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ تَلِيَّةُ الأَحْرَارِ (tropical:) [Such a one is the last remaining of the ingenuous]. (TA.) b2: وَقَعَ كَذَا تَلِيَّةَ كَذَا Such a thing happened after such a thing. (M.) تُلَاوَةٌ: see تَلِيَّةٌ.

تَلَوَّى A kind of boat: (M, K:) of the measure فَعَوَّلٌ, (M, TA,) or فَعَلْوَلٌ: (TA:) so called because it follows the larger vessel: mentioned by Aboo-'Alee in the Tedhkireh. (M.) تَلَّآءٌ لِلْقُرْآنِ One who reads, peruses, or recites, the Kur-án, or who follows it, or acts according to it, much, or often. (Mgh.) تَالٍ act. part. n. of تَلَا; Following; going, or walking, behind, or after; [immediately, or without intervention; either in reality, or only in effect; (see 1;)] (T, Msb;) as also ↓ تِلْوٌ. (Msb.) b2: التَّالِى The fourth of the ten horses that are started together in a race. (TA voce سُكَّيْت &c., and Ham p. 46.) b3: Also, (Sh, TA voce مِجْدَحٌ,) and تَالِى النَّجْمٍ [meaning The follower of the Pleiades], (Kzw,) the star called الدَّبَرَانُ. (Sh, Kzw.) b4: And تَالِيَاتُ النُّجُومِ The last of the stars; [app. the last that are seen in the morningtwilight;] (TA;) as also التَّوَالِى. (M, TA.) [تَالِيَاتٌ and تَوَال are both pls. of تَالِيَةٌ, fem. of تَالٍ.] b5: التَّوَالِى also signifies The last of women journeying in vehicles upon camels; (M, K;) and in like manner, of camels. (M.) b6: Also Hinder parts, posteriors, or rumps: and the hinder parts of horses: or (of a horse, M) the tail and hind legs. (M, K.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَحَثِيثُ التَّوَالِى and سَرِيعُ التَّوَالِى [app. meaning Verily he is quick in the hind legs]. (M.) And the Arabs say, لَيْسَ هَوَادِى الخَيْلِ كَالتَّوَالِى, i. e., The necks of horses are not like their hinder parts. (TA.) b7: فَالتَّالَياتِ ذِكْرًا [in the Kur xxxvii. 3] means And those angels, or angels and others, that recite the praise of God. (M.) مُتْلٍ and مُتْلِيَةٌ (T, M) A mother, (T,) or a she-camel, and a female wild animal, (M,) having her young one following her: pl. مَتَالٍ. (T, M.) b2: Also, both sings., A she-camel that brings forth in the last portion of the breeding-time: or the latter sing. signifies one that is late in bringing forth; and the former sing. has the first of the meanings explained in this paragraph: (M:) or, as some say, the latter sing. signifies one that has become heavy by pregnancy, so that the head of her fœtus has turned towards the tail and the vulva; a meaning not agreeing with the derivation: (IJ, M:) or, as some say, this word signifies [simply] pregnant: (Ham p. 688:) accord. to El-Báhilee, the pl. signifies she-camels of which some have brought forth, and others have not. (TA.) You say, إِبِلُهُمْ مَتَالٍ, meaning Their camels have not brought forth until the season called the صَيْف, (K, TA,) which is the last part of the breeding-time. (TA.) مُتَالٍ One who relieves, or aids, another, in singing, and in work, by taking up the strain, or the work, when the latter is unable to continue it: (IAar, T:) or one who so relieves, or aids, the singer, with a high voice: (S, TA:) and one who sings to camels to urge them on, or excite them. (TA.) مُسْتَتْلٍ [act. part. n. of 10, q. v. It is said in the T to have a signification derived from تَلَآءٌ in the last of the senses assigned to the latter word above; so that it seems to mean Seeking, or demanding, the transfer of a debt, or claim, or the like, by shifting the responsibility from one person to another].

رب

1 رَبَّهُ, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. رَبٌّ, (M,) [He was, or became, its رَبّ, or lord, possessor, owner, &c.;] he possessed, or owned, it; had possession of it, and command, or authority, over it; (M, K;) namely, a thing; (K;) syn. مَلَكَهُ. (M, K.) [and in like manner, He was, or became, his رَبّ, or lord, &c.] You say, رَبَبْتُ القَوْمَ, [inf. n. as above and مَرَبَّةٌ and رِبَابَةٌ,] I ruled, or governed, the people; syn. سُسْتُهُمْ; i. e. I was, or became, over them [as their lord, master, or chief]. (S.) and طَالَتْ مَرَبَّتُهُمُ النَّاسَ and رِبَابَتُهُم Their ruling, or governing, the people continued long. (M, K. *) The saying of Safwán, (T, S,) on the day of Honeyn, (T,) لَأَنْ يَرُبَّنِى رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ مِنْ أُنْ يَرُبَّنِى رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَوَازِنَ means [Assuredly that a man of Kureysh] should be over me (T, S) as رَبّ [or lord, &c.], and as master, or chief, having command, or authority, over me, (T,) [is more pleasing to me than that a man of Hawázin should be lord, &c., over me.] b2: Also, (S, M, Mgh, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M,) inf. n. رَبٌّ, (S, Mgh, M,) He reared, fostered, brought up, fed, or nourished, him; i. q. رَبَّاهُ; (S, M, Mgh, K;) namely, his child, (S,) or a child, (M, K,) either his own or another's; taking good care of him, and acting as his guardian, (M,) until he attained to puberty, or to the utmost term of youth: (M, K:) and so ↓ ربّبهُ, (Lh, S, M, Mgh, K,) or this has a more emphatic signification, (TA,) inf. n. تَربِيبٌ (Lh, M, Mgh, K) and تَرِبَّةٌ; (Lh, M, K;) and ↓ تربّبه; (S, M, K;) and ↓ ارتبّهُ: (M, K:) [in like manner, also,] ↓ رَبْرَبَ signifies he reared, fostered, or brought up, an orphan: (AA, T:) and accord. to IDrd, (M,) رَبِبْتُهُ is a dial. var. [of رَبَبْتُهُ]: (M, K:) he says also that the verb is used in like manner in relation to the young one of an animal other than man; and he used to cite this ex.: كَانَ لَنَا وَهْوَ فَلُوٌّ نِرْبِبُهْ [He belonged to us when he was a young weaned, or one-year-old, colt, we rearing him]; with the letter characteristic of the aor. meksoor, to show that the second letter of the preterite is meksoor, accord to the opinion of Sb in respect of a case of this kind; and this, he says, is peculiar to the dial. of Hudheyl in this species of verb. (M, TA.) رَبَّتِ المَرْأَةُ صَبِيَّهَا, used tropically, means (tropical:) The woman patted her child repeatedly on its side in order that it might sleep. (A, TA.) [See 2 in art. ربت.] [It is said that] the primary signification of الرَّبُّ is التَّرْبِيَةُ; i. e. The bringing a thing to a state of completion by degrees. (Bd in i. l.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Hassán Ibn-Thábit, (TA,) مِنْ دُرَّةٍ بَيْضَآءَ صَافِيَةٍ

حَائِرُ البَحْرِ ↓ مِمَّا تَرَبَّبَ [Than a white, clear, pearl, of those which the depth of the sea has brought to maturity]; meaning a pearl which the shell has reared, or brought to maturity in the bottom of the water. (S, TA.) And the phrase لَكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَرُبُّهَا occurs in a trad., meaning [Thou hast wealth] which thou preservest, and of which thou takest care, and which thou fosterest like as the man fosters his child. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] المَطَرُ يَرُبُّ النَّبَاتَ وَالثَّرَى The rain causes the plants, or herbage, and the moisture [of the earth] to increase. (M.) and السَّحَابُ يَرُبُّ المَطَرَ The clouds collect and increase the rain. (M.) And رَبَّ, (T, S, M, K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. رَبٌّ and رِبَابٌ and رِبَابَةٌ; (Lh, M, TA;) and ↓ ربّب; (M, TA;) (tropical:) He increased, (M, K, TA,) or rightly disposed, and completed, (T, S,) a benefit, or benefaction. (T, S, M, TA.) b4: رَبَّ الأَمْرَ, (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ , inf. n. رَبٌّ (M, Msb) and رِبَابَةٌ, (M,) (tropical:) He put the affair into a right, or proper, state; adjusted it, arranged it, ordered it, or rightly disposed it; (M, K;) and established it firmly: (M:) or he managed, conducted, or regulated, the affair: (Msb:) [perhaps from رَبَّ signifying “ he reared,”

&c.; but more probably, I think, from what next follows.] b5: رَبَّ, (T, S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (T, M,) inf. n. رَبُّ (T, M, K) and رُبٌّ; (K) and ↓ ربّب; (M;) He seasoned a skin (T, S, K) for clarified butter (T, S) with رُبّ [i. e. rob, or inspissated juice], (T, S, K,) of dates, (TA,) which imparts a good odour to it, (S, TA,) and prevents the flavour and odour of the butter from being spoiled: (TA:) or he seasoned a skin with رُبّ, and a jar with tar or pitch: or, as some say, رَبَبْتُهُ signifies I smeared it over, and prepared it properly. (M.) ↓ رَبَّ and ↓ ربّب, (K,) or the latter, but the former also is allowable, (M,) (tropical:) He made oil, or ointment, good, and sweet, or fragrant, or he perfumed it, (M, K, * TA,) accord. to Lh, by infusing in it jasmine or some other sweet-smelling plant. (M, TA.) See also مُرَبَّبٌ, below. b6: رَبَّ also signifies He collected, or congregated, (K, TA,) people: (TA:) [and so, probably, ↓ ربّب: see رَبَبٌ.] You say, فُلَانٌ يَرُبُّ النَّاسَ Such a one collects, or congregates, to him the people. (T, S, M.) A2: رَبَّ, aor. ـِ see 4 A3: رَبَّتْ, (Lh, M, K,) aor. ـُ (so in the M,) or ـِ (MF, TA,) inf. n. رَبٌّ, (M, TA,) or رِبَابٌ, (S, K, [in each of which this is mentioned as the inf. n. whence the epithet رُبَّى,]) said of a ewe or she-goat, She brought forth: (Lh, M, K:) or, as some say, she conceived: or, accord. to some, there is no verb to the epithet رُبَّى: (M:) Az says that it has no verb: (Msb:) [but] ↓ رِبَابٌ is an inf. n. used in relation to a ewe or she-goat as meaning her being in the state of such as is termed رُبَّى

[q. v.]: (S, M, * Msb, * K: *) and in relation to a she-camel, as in the ex. cited by Munteji' Ibn-Nebhán to As, حَنِينَ أُمِّ البَوِّفِى رِبَابِهَا [The yearning cry of the mother of the young camel in the time of her having recently brought forth]: (S:) and used also in relation to a woman as meaning her having recently brought forth: or her state within two months after having brought forth: or within twenty days: whence the phrase, in a trad., حَمْلُهَا رِبَابٌ, meaning She becomes pregnant soon after having brought forth. (TA.) 2 ربّب: see 1, in five places. b2: [Also He preserved with رُبّ, i. e., rob, or inspissated juice: see مُرَبَّبٌ.]4 اربّ بِالمَكَانِ, (T, M, A, K, *) inf. n. إِرْبَابٌ; (T;) and ↓ رَبَّ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ (MF, TA;) He remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in the place, (T, M, A, K, *) not quitting it; (T;) like

أَلَبَّ: (T, A:) and the former, [or each,] he kept, or clave, to the place. (M.) And اربّتِ الإِبِلُ بِالمَوْضِعِ (T,) or بِمَكَانِ كَذَا, (S,) The camels kept, or clave, (T, S,) to the place, (T,) or to such a place, and remained in it. (S.) and اربّت النَّاقَةُ, (S,) or اربّت النَاقة بِالفَحْلِ, and بِوَلَدِهَا, (M,) The she-camel kept to the stallion, (S, M,) and to her young one, (M,) and affected it. (TA.) And اربّت السَّحَابَةُ (S, M, A) بِأَرْضِهِمْ (A) (tropical:) The cloud continued raining [in their land]. (S, * M.) And اربّت الجَنُوبُ (assumed tropical:) The south, or southerly, wind continued. (T, S.) b2: الإِرْبَابُ also signifies The drawing near, or approaching, (S, M, K,) a thing, (S, M,) of any kind. (M.) 5 تربّب الأَرْضَ, (M, A, K,) and الرَّجُلَ, (M, K,) He asserted himself to be the ربّ [or lord, &c.,] of the land, (M, A, K,) and of the man. (M, K.) b2: See also 1, in two places, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: تربّبوا They collected themselves together, or congregated; or they became collected or congregated. (S.) 6 ترابّوا They united in a confederacy, league, or covenant. (M, TA.) [App. from the fact of some confederates dipping their hands into رُبّ: see رِبَابٌ.]8 ارتبّهُ: see 1. b2: تَرْتَبُّ الشَّعَرَ [She adjusts, or arranges, and composes, or collects together, the hair], said of a woman, is from [الرَّبُّ signifying]

الإِصْلَاحُ and الجَمْعُ. (M.) b3: اُرْتُبَّ العِنَبُ The grapes were cooked so as to become رُبّ [or rob], used to give a relish to bread. (AHn, M.) R. Q. 1 رَبْرَبَ: see 1.

رَبْ: see رَأَبَ, of which it is an imperative.

رُبَ and رَبَ and رُبُ and رُبْ and رَبْ; and رُبَمَا and رَبَمَا &c.: see رُبَّ.

رَبٌ: see the next paragraph, last sentence but one.

رَبٌّ A lord, a possessor, an owner, or a proprietor, syn. مَالِكٌ, (T, IAmb, S, M, A, Msb, K,) of a thing, (T,) of anything, (S, M, A, K,) or of an irrational thing; (Msb;) a person who has a right, or just title or claim, to the possession of anything; or its صَاحِب [which is syn. with مَالِك]; (M, A, K;) رَبٌّ and مَالِكٌ and صَاحِبٌ all signifying in Pers\. خُدَاوَنْد: (KL:) and a lord, master, or chief; (Msb, TA;) or a lord, master, or chief, to whom obedience is paid: (IAmb, TA:) and a lord, ruler, governor, regulator, or disposer; (TA;) an orderer, a rectifier, or a reformer: (IAmb, TA:) a rearer, fosterer, bringer-up, feeder, or nourisher: and a completer, or an accomplisher: (TA:) it is an epithet, like نَمٌّ from نَمَّ: or an inf. n. used as an intensive epithet; like عَدْلٌ; (Ksh and Bd * in i. l;) originally signifying the “ bringing (a thing) to a state of completion by degrees;” (Bd, ibid.;) then used in the sense of مَالِكٌ: (Ksh and Bd ibid.:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَرْبَابٌ and [of mult.]

رُبُوبٌ, (M, K,) and accord. to Sh, رِبَابٌ also, (TA,) signifying أَصْحَابٌ, (K,) and ↓ رَبُوبٌ is app. a quasi-pl. n.: (M:) the fem. is ↓ رَبَّةٌ; of which the pl. is رَبَّاتٌ. (T.) Whoever possesses a thing is its رَبّ: you say, هُوَ رَبُّ الدَّابَّةِ [He is the possessor, or owner, or master, of the beast], and الدَّارِ [of the house], (T,) and المَالِ [of the property, or cattle]; (Msb;) and البَيْتِ ↓ هِىَ رَبَّةُ [She is the owner, or mistress, of the house or tent]. (T.) With the article ال, it is [properly] applied only to God: (T, S, M, A, Msb, K:) He is رَبُّ الأَرْبَابِ [The Lord of lords]. (T. [Thus the pl. with the article ال is applied to created beings.]) To any other being it is not [properly] applied but as a prefixed noun governing another noun as its complement in the gen. case [or in a similar manner]. (S.) The pagan Arabs, however, sometimes applied it to A king, (S,) or to a lord as meaning a master or chief: (Msb:) El-Hárith says, (S, Msb,) i. e. Ibn-Hillizeh, (S,) وَهُوَ الرَّبُّ وَالشَّهِيدُ عَلَى يُوْ مِ الحِيَارَيْنِ وَالبَلَآءُ بَلَآءُ (S, Msb,) i. e. And he (meaning El-Mundhir Ibn-Má-es-Semà, or, as some say, 'Amr Ibn-Hind,) was the king [or lord] and witness of our fighting on the day of El-Hiyárán (the name of a place), and the trial was a hard trial. (EM, p. 285: [in which الحَيَارَيْنِ is erroneously put for الحِيَارَيْنِ.]) Some forbid that a man should be called the رَبّ of his slave: (Msb:) it is said in a trad. that the slave shall not say to his master, رَبّى, because it is like attributing a partner to God: (TA:) but رَبّ is sometimes used in the sense of lord as meaning master or chief prefixed to a noun signifying a rational being governed by it in the gen. case: thus in the saying of the Prophet, حَتَّى تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّهَا [So that the female slave shall bring forth him who will become her master], or ↓ رَبَّتَهَا [her mistress], accord. to different transmitters; (Msb;) relating to the signs of the hour of resurrection: i. e., the female slave shall bring forth to her master a child that shall be as a master [or mistress] to her because like his [or her] father in rank: meaning that captives and concubines shall be numerous. (TA.) As to the phrase in the Kur [xii. 42], اُذْكُرْنِى عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ [Mention thou me in the presence of thy lord], Joseph thus addressed his fellow-prisoner agreeably with the acceptation in which he [the latter] understood the words. (TA.) A similar instance also occurs in the same chapter, in the verse immediately preceding. (Msb.) In another verse, [23 of the same ch.,] إِنَّهُ رَبِّى

[Verily he is my lord] may refer to Joseph's master or to God. (M, TA.) The words of the Kur [lxxxix. 28 and 29], اِرْجِعِى إِلَى رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً

مَرْضِيَّةً فَادْخُلِى فِى عَبْدىِ, as some read, [instead of عِبَادِى,] may mean Return to thine owner, [approving, approved,] and enter into my servant. (M, TA.) b2: Without the article ال, as some say, (L, TA,) it is sometimes written and pronounced ↓ رَبٌ, without teshdeed; (L, K;) as in the following verse, cited by El-Mufaddal, وَقَدْ عَلِمَ الأَقْوَامُ أَنْ لَيْسَ فَوْقَهُ رَبٌ غَيْرُ مَنْ يَعْطِى الحُظُوظَ وَيَرْزُقُ [And the peoples have known that there is not above him a lord beside Him who gives the portions of mankind and of others and grants the means of subsistence]. (L.) And Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà [i. e. Th] mentions the phrase لَا وَرَبِيكَ لَا

أَفْعَلُ, for لَا وَرَبِّكَ [i. e. No, by thy Lord, I will not do such a thing]; the [latter] ب being changed into ى because of the reduplication. (M, K: * in the CK رَبْيِكَ.) رُبَّ is a word of which there are seventy dial. vars., all mentioned by Zekereeyà El-Ansáree in his great Expos. of the “ Munferijeh,” but only eighteen of which are mentioned in the K, including some that are formed with the affix ت, some with the affix مَا, and some with both these affixes together; as follows: (TA:) رُبَّ (T, S, M, Msb, Mughnee, K, &c.) and رَبَّ (T, M, Mughnee, K) and رُبُّ, (Mughnee,) and ↓ رُبَ (T, S, M, Mughnee, K) and رَبَ (T, M, Mughnee, K) and رُبُ and رُبْ (Mughnee, K) and رَبْ; (Mughnee;) and ↓ رُبَّتَ (T, S, M, Msb, Mughnee, K) and رَبَّتَ (M, Mughnee, K) and رُبُّتَ and رُبَّتُ and رَبَّتُ and رُبُّتُ and رُبَّتِ and رَبَّتِ and رُبُّتِ and رَبُّت (TA) and رُبَّتْ and رَبَّتْ (Mughnee) and رُبُّتْ, (TA,) and ↓ رُبَتَ (T, Mughnee, K) and رَبَتَ (Mughnee, K) and رُبُتَ and رُبْتَ and رَبْتَ and رُبَتُ and رَبَتُ and رُبُتُ and رُبْتُ and رَبْتُ and رُبَتِ and رَبَتِ and رُبُتِ and رَبُتِ and رُبْتِ and رَبْتِ (TA) and رُبَتْ and رَبَتْ (Mughnee) and رُبُتْ; (TA;) and رُبَّمَا (T, S, M, K) and رَبَّمَا (M, K) and رُبُّمَا, (TA,) and ↓ رُبَمَا (T, K) and رَبَمَا (K) and رُبُمَا and رُبْمَا and رَبْمَا; (TA;) and ↓ رُبَّتَمَا (T, S, M, K) and رَبَّتَمَا (M, K) and رُبُّتَمَا and رُبَّتُمَا and رَبَّتُمَا and رُبُّتُمَا and رُبَّتْمَا and رَبَّتْمَا and رُبُّتْمَا, (TA,) and ↓ رُبَتَمَا and رَبَتَمَا (M, K) and رُبُتَمَا and رُبْتَمَا and رَبْتَمَا and رُبَتُمَا and رَبَتُمَا and رُبُتُمَا and رُبْتُمَا and رَبْتُمَا and رُبَتْمَا and رَبَتْمَا and رُبُتْمَا: (TA:) [of all these, the most common are رُبَّ and رُبَّمَا: and] ↓ رُبَّتَ is the most common of the forms that have the affix ت: (Mughnee and K on the letter ت:) and the forms with teshdeed are more common than the [corresponding] forms without teshdeed. (M.) It is a word, (M,) or particle, (T, S, Mughnee, K,) governing the gen. case: (S, M, Mughnee, K:) or a noun, (K, TA,) [i. e. an indecl. noun,] in the opinion of the Koofees and some others; but this opinion is rejected by Ibn-Málik in the Tesheel and its Expos., and by AHei, and by IHsh in the Mughnee. (TA.) Accord. to some, (K, TA,) it is used to denote a small number, (T, M, Msb, K, TA,) always, (TA,) or mostly: (Msb, TA:) [thus it may be rendered Few if we render the noun following it as a pl.; and scarce any if we render the noun following as a sing. or a pl.:] it is the contr. of كَمْ when this latter is not used interrogatively: (T:) [and with مَا affixed, restricting it from government, it may be rendered Few times, or seldom:] or it is used to denote a large number; (K, TA;) i. e. always: so says IDrst: (TA:) [thus used, but such is not always the case, it may be rendered Many, whether we render the noun following it as a sing. or as a pl.: and with مَا affixed, Many times, many a time, oftentimes, ofttimes, often, or frequently:] or it is used to denote a small and a large number; (Mughnee, K;) often the latter, and seldom the former: (Mughnee:) or it is used in a case of boasting, or glorying, (K, TA,) exclusively of other cases, (TA,) to denote a large number: (K, TA:) or it does not denote by itself either a small number or a large number; but one or the other of these meanings is inferred from the context: (K:) [but sometimes neither of these meanings can be clearly inferred from the context: in these cases, it may be rendered Some: and with مَا affixed, Sometimes:] accord. to Er-Radee, its primary meaning is to denote a small number, but it has been so much used to denote a large number as to be in this latter sense as though it were proper, and in the former sense as though it were tropical, requiring context [to explain it]. (Marginal note in my copy of the Mughnee.) [Without the affix ما,] it governs an indeterminate noun (T, * S, Msb, Mughnee, K) only, (T, S, K,) and a pronoun. (S, M, Mughnee.) You say, رُبَّ يَوْمٍ بَكَّرْتُ فِيهِ [Few, or many, days have I gone forth early therein]: (T:) and رُبَّ رَجُلٍ قَائِمٌ [Few, or many, men are standing]: (M:) and رُبَّ رَجُلٍ قَامَ [Few, or many, men stood]: (Msb:) and in like manner, رُبَّتَ ↓ رَجُلٍ ; (Msb;) for the ت in this case is not a denotative of the fem. gender. (Msb.) The pronoun affixed to it is of the third Pers\., (S, M,) and is [generally] sing. and masc., (S, Mughnee,) though it may be followed by a fem. and by a dual and by a pl.: (S:) notwithstanding its being determinate in the utmost degree, its use in this manner is allowable because it resembles an indeterminate noun in its being used without the previous mention of the noun to which it relates; and hence it requires a noun to explain it: (IJ, M:) it annuls the government of رُبَّ; (TA;) and the indeterminate noun that follows it is put in the accus. case as a specificative: (S, Mughnee:) thus you say, رُبَّهُ رَجُلًا قَدْ ضَرَبْتُ [Few, or many, men I have beaten]: (S, M: *) but accord. to the Koofees, you say رُبَّهُ رَجُلًا, (S,) and رُبَّهَا امْرَأَةً, (M,) and رُبَّهُمَا رَجُلَيْنش, and رُبَّهُمْ رِجَالًا, and رُبَّهُنَّ نِسَآءً: he who puts the pronoun in the sing. [in all cases] holds it to be allusive to something unknown; and he who does not put it in the sing. [when it is not followed by a sing. noun] holds it to be used in reply to a question, as though it were said to a man, “Hast thou not any young women? ” and he answered, رُبَّهُنَّ جَوَارٍ قَدْ مَلَكْتُ [Few, or many, young women have I possessed]: Ibn-Es-Sarráj says that the grammarians are as though they were of one consent in holding رُبَّ to be a replicative [app. meaning in a case of this kind, with an affixed pronoun]: (S:) [but it is not always a replicative in a case of this kind; though perhaps it was originally:] AHeyth cites as an ex.

وَرُبَّهُ عَطِبًا أَنْقَذْتُ مِ العَطَبِ [And many a perishing man have I saved from perdition]. (TA. [But the reading commonly found in grammars is مِنْ عَطَبِهْ from his state of perdition.]) The following is an ex. of the use of رُبَّ to denote a small number, [or rather to denote singleness,] أَلَا رُبَّ مَوْلُودٍ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَبٌ وَذِى وَلَدٍ لَمْ يَلْدِهِ أَبَوَانِ [Now surely scarce an instance is there of anyone born not having a father, and of anyone having offspring whom two parents have not procreated]; meaning [our Lord] Jesus and Adam: (Mughnee: [but I have substituted يَلْدِهِ for يَلْدَهُ, the reading in my copy of that work: لَمْ يَلْدِهِ is for لَمْ يَلِدْهُ, for the sake of the metre; like as لِمْ أَجْدِ is for لَمْ أَجِدْ:]) and among the many exs. of its use to denote a large number, is the saying, in a trad., يَا رُبَّ كاَسِيَةٍ فِى الدُّنْيَا عَارِيَةٌ يَوْمَ القِيٰمَةِ [O, many a female having clothing in the present state of existence will be naked on the day of resurrection!]; and the saying of an Arab of the desert, after the ending of Ramadán, يَا رُبَّ صَائِمِهِ لَنْ يَعصُومَهُ وَيَا رُبَّ قَائِمِهِ لَنْ يَقُومَهُ [O, many a keeper of its fast shall not keep its fast again! and O, many a passer of its nights in prayer, or per-former of its تَرَاوِيح, shall not pass its nights in prayer, or perform its تراويح, again!]. (Mughnee.) [But in this last ex., and in others, it relates to few in comparison with others, though many abstractedly.] b2: مَا is affixed to رُبَّ &c. in order that a verb may follow it; (S, Mughnee;) and the verb that follows it is generally a preterite, (T, Mughnee,) as to the letter and the meaning: (Mughnee:) you say, رُبَّمَا جَآءَنِى فُلَانٌ [Seldom, or often, such a one came to me, or has come to me]: (T:) sometimes the verb is a future; (T, Mughnee;) but only when it expresses an event of which one is certain: (T:) so in the saying in the Kur [xv. 2], رُبَّمَا يَوَدُّ الَّذينَ كَفَرُوا لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْلِمِينَ, (T, S, M, Mughnee), meaning Often [will those who have disbelieved wish that they had been Muslims]; (Mughnee, Jel;) or seldom, (Zj, T, M, Jel,) because terrors will bereave them of their reason so that they will but seldom recover reason to wish this; (Jel;) for God's threat is true, as though it had come to pass, and therefore the verb here is equivalent to a preterite [which is often used in the Kur and elsewhere in this manner]. (T.) مَا is also sometimes affixed when a noun follows, (T, Mughnee,) or a nominal proposition, and generally restricts رُبَّ

&c. from governing: thus, Aboo-Duwád says, رُبَّمَا الجَامِلُ المُؤَبَّلُ فِيهِمْ وَعَنَا جِيجُ بَيْنَهُنَّ المِهَارُ

[Sometimes, or often, the numerous herd of camels is among them, and there are swift horses, among which are the colts]: another says, making رُبَّ, with مَا affixed, to govern, رُبَّمَا ضَرْبَةٍ بِسَيْفٍ صَقِيلٍ

قَيْنِ بُصْرَى وَطَعْنَةٍ نَجْلَآءَ [Many a stroke with a polished sword of the forging of Busrà, (the Bozrah of the Bible, a city famous for its sword-blades,) and many a wide spear-wound; or, perhaps, few strokes &c.]: (Mughnee: [but I have substituted قَيْنِ for بَيْنَ, which is the reading in my copy of the Mughnee, an evident mistranscription:]) and another, cited by IAar, says, غَارَةٍ ↓ مَاوِىَّ يَا رُبَّتَمَا شَعْوَآءَ كَاللَّذْعَةِ بِالْمِيسَمِ [Máweeyeh, (مَاوِىَّ being an apocopated proper name of a woman, originally مَاوِيَّةُ,) O, many a raid spreading widely and dispersedly, like the burn with the branding-iron]. (T. [In the TT, as from the T, I find, here, بَلْ in the place of يا, which I find in a copy of the T, and which is the reading commonly known.]) رُبٌّ Rob, or inspissated juice, (دِبْس,) of any fruit; i. e., (M, TA,) the first, or clear, juice of the thick residuum of any fruit after it has been pressed (M, K, TA) and cooked: (M, TA:) thick طِلَآء [or expressed juice; such as the inspissated juice of dates, with which a skin for clarified butter is seasoned; see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph]: (S:) or what flows from fresh ripe dates, like honey, when it has been cooked [and so rendered thick]; before which it is called صَقْرٌ: (Msb in the present art. and in art. صقر:) what is prepared by coction from, or of, dates: (TA:) expressed juice of grapes, and of apples, &c., cooked and [so] thickened: (KL:) and dregs, (K,) or black dregs, (IDrd, M,) of clarified butter, (IDrd, M, K,) and of olive-oil: (IDrd, M:) pl. رُبُوبٌ and رِبَابٌ (S) [and pl. pl. (i. e. pl. of رُبُوبٌ) رُبُوبَاتٌ, which means sorts, or species, of رُبّ]

A2: See also رُبَّى.

رَبَّةٌ: see رَبٌّ, in three places. b2: الرَّبَّةُ was also the name of A Kaabeh [or square temple], (M, K,) in Nejrán, (M,) belonging to [the tribe of] Medh-hij (M, K) and Benu-l-Hárith-Ibn-Kaab, who held it in honour. (M.) In a trad. of 'Orweh (K, TA) Ibn-Mes'ood Eth-Thakafee, (TA,) it is applied to El-Lát (اللَّاتُ), (K, TA,) the rock which [the tribe of] Thakeef worshipped, at Et-Táïf. (TA.) And in another trad., it is said to be the name of A temple of [the tribe of] Thakeef, which, when they became Muslims, was demolished by El-Mugheereh. (TA.) b3: and رَبَّةٌ, (K,) or دَارٌ رَبَّةٌ, (M,) signifies A large house or mansion. (M, K.) A2: See also رُبَّى.

رُبَّةٌ A party, division, sect, or distinct body or class, of men: (M:) or a large assembly or company: (K:) or a myriad; i. e. ten thousand: (M, K:) or thereabout: (M:) and ↓ رِبّةٌ signifies the same: (M, K:) or this signifies a company [of men]: (T:) the pl. of the former is رِبَابٌ: (S, M:) and that of the latter is أَرِبَّةٌ: (T, K:) by Th [and in the K], the former pl. is said to be a pl. of رِبَّةٌ; but this is a mistake. (M.) b2: [Hence, the pl.] رِبَابٌ signifies Companions. (K.) b3: And hence [also], i. e., as pl. of الرُّبَةُ, (S, M,) الرِّبَابُ is an appellation of The [confederate] tribes of Dabbeh; (M, K, TA;) or Teym and 'Adee and 'Okl; (T, TA;) or Teym and 'Adee and 'Owf and Thowr and Ashyab; (TA; [but for the orthography of the last of these names I have found no authority; it is written in the TA اشيب, without any syll. signs;]) and Dabbeh was their paternal uncle; (TA;) or five tribes which united in a confederacy, consisting of Dabbeh and Thowr and 'Okl and Teym and 'Adee: (S:) they were thus called because of their division into distinct bodies; (M;) or because they collected themselves (As, Th, S, TA) in distinct bodies: (Th, M, TA:) or because they united in a confederacy against Temeem Ibn-Murr: (AO, M, TA:) or because they dipped their hands in some رُبّ, and formed a confederacy over it: (As, T, M, K:) or, as some say, because they congregated, and became like the رِبَاب [or bundle] of arrows [used in the game called المَيْسِر]: (TA:) the rel. n. is ↓ رُبِّىٌّ, formed from the sing., (Sb, S, M,) accord. to a rule generally observed except when a [single] man has a pl. word for his name, as كِلَابٌ &c. (S, TA.) b4: The sing. (رُبَّةٌ) also signifies Plenty, or abundance, of the means of subsistence: (K:) and constant, or inseparable, prosperity. (Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, TA.) A2: See also رُبَّى.

رِبَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence. b2: [Hence its pl.] أَرِبَّةٌ signifies Confederates; (S, IB, K;) [or] it is for ذَوُو أَرِبَّةٍ

having covenants; أَرِبَّةٌ being said by AAF to be pl. of رِبَابٌ in the sense of عَهْدٌ. (IB, TA.) A2: Also A species of plant, (S, M, Msb, K,) of the [season called] صَيْف, (M,) remaining in the end of the صَيْف: (Msb:) or the name of a number of plants which do not dry up in the صَيْف, remaining green in the winter and the صيف [or summer]; among which are the حُلَّب and the رُخَامَى and the مَكْر and the عَلْقَى or عَلْقًى: [see رَبْلٌ:] or a certain soft, or tender, herb, or leguminous plant: (TA:) or any plant that is green in the hot season: or certain species of trees, or of plants, undefined: (M:) pl. رِبَبٌ. (S, Msb.) [In the dial. of Egypt, Alexandrian trefoil (بِرْسِيم, q. v.,) of the second and third crops.] b2: Also A certain tree: as some say, the tree of the خَرُّوب [an appellation generally applied to the carob, or locust-tree]. (M, K.) رَبَبٌ, (S, M, K,) or مَآءٌ رَبَبٌ, (S, TA,) Much water, (S, M, K,) collected together: (M:) or sweet-water: (S, K:) accord. to Th, it means مَا رَبَّبَهُ الطِينُ [app. such (water) as the clay has collected; for تَرَبَّبَ signifying تَجَمَّعَ is probably quasi-pass. of رَبَّبَ, so that this last seems to signify جَمَّعَ]. (M.) رُبَتَ and رَبَتَ &c.; and رُبَتَمَا and رَبَتَمَا &c.: see رُبَّ.

رَبَابٌ Clouds: (M:) or white clouds: (S, K:) or clouds that one sees beneath other clouds, (S,) or clouds suspended beneath other clouds, (M,) sometimes white and sometimes black: (S, M:) this latter is said by IB to be the signification commonly known: (TA:) or clouds consisting of an accumulation of parts: (A 'Obeyd, T:) n. un. with ة. (A 'Obeyd, S, K.) Hence الرَّبَابُ as a proper name of a woman. (A 'Obeyd, T, S.) A2: Also A certain instrument of diversion, [meaning, of music,] (K,) having strings, (TA,) with which one plays [lit. beats]. (K.) [The رباب in common use among the Arabs in the present day is a kind of viol. A specimen of it is figured and described in my work on the Modern Egyptians. Being an instrument of remarkable simplicity, it is probably similar to the ancient رباب.] Memdood Ibn-'Abd-Allah El-Wásitee Er-Rabábee became proverbial for his musical skill with the رباب. (K.) A3: See also رُبَّانٌ.

رُبَابٌ: see رُبَّى, of which it is an anomalous pl.: A2: and see also رُبَّانٌ.

رِبَابٌ: see رِبَابَةٌ, in two places. b2: Also (tropical:) Tithes, or tenths; syn. عُشُورٌ: (S, M, K:) from the same word signifying “ a covenant. ” (S.) b3: In the phrase يُعْطِيهَا الأَمَانَ رِبَابُهَا, ending a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, describing some asses, رِبَاب is said to signify An oath, or a promise, which the owner of the asses takes of a people to permit those asses to water: or the poet means that the person giving those asses permission to water gives to their owner an arrow, of those used in the game called المَيْسِر, [as a token,] to show that they have received permission to water, and that no one may offer them any opposition: (TA:) some say that رِبَابُهَا here means their owners: (M:) [holding this last opinion,] Sh says that رِبَاب in this verse is a pl. of رَبٌّ. (TA.) A2: It is also a pl. of رُبَّةٌ; (S, M;) not of رِبَّةٌ, as it is said to be by Th [and in the K]. (M.) A3: See also 1, last sentence.

A4: And see رُبَّانٌ.

رَبُوبٌ: see رَبِيبٌ.

A2: See also رَبٌّ, of which it is said in the M to be app. a quasi-pl. n.

رَبِيبٌ Reared, fostered, brought up, fed, or nourished; [and taken good care of, until the age of puberty; (see 1;)] as also ↓ مَرْبُوبٌ; (S, M, K;) both applied to a boy: (S, M:) and in like manner applied to a horse: (M:) or the latter epithet, applied to a horse, (tropical:) tended well, or taken good care of: (A:) the former is also applied to a gazelle; (IAar, K in art. دخل;) [as meaning (assumed tropical:) brought up in, or near, the house or tent, and there fed;] like أَهْلِىٌّ: (TA in that art.:) and [its fem.] رَبِيبَةٌ is applied to a ewe or she-goat, (شَاةٌ, K,) meaning (assumed tropical:) brought up in the tent, or house, for the sake of her milk; (S, K; [see also رُبَّى;]) pl. رَبَائِبُ; (S;) this last being applied to sheep or goats that are tied near to the tents, or houses, and there fed, and that do not go forth to pasture; (M, TA;) of which it is said that none are to be taken for the poor-rate. (TA.) b2: [Hence, A step-son,] a man's wife's son (T, S, M, A, Msb, K) by another husband; (T, S, M, A, K;) as also ↓ رَبُوبٌ: (T, K:) pl. أَرِبَّآءُ. (Msb.) And رَبِيبَةٌ [A step-daughter;] a woman's husband's daughter by another wife: (S:) or a man's wife's daughter (T, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) by another husband; (T, M, A;) because he rears her: (Mgh:) pl. رَبَائِبُ (A, Mgh, Msb) and sometimes رَبِيبَاتٌ. (Msb.) b3: Also, and ↓ رَابٌّ, (T, M, K,) both syn., like شَهِيدٌ and شَاهِدٌ, and خَبِيرٌ and خَابِرٌ, (TA,) or the latter, (T, S,) mentioned by IAar, is the correct term, (T,) [A step-father;] the husband of a mother (T, S, M, K) who has a child by another husband. (T.) And رَبِيبَةٌ and ↓ رَابَّةٌ, (T,) or the latter [only], (S, K,) [A stepmother;] the wife of a father (T, S, K) who has a child by another wife. (T.) رَبِيبَةٌ also signifies [A foster-mother;] a woman who has the charge of a child, who carries him, and takes care of him, and rears, or fosters, him; (Th, S, M, Msb, K;) like ↓ رَابَّةٌ; the former being of the measure فَعِلَيةٌ in the sense of فَاعِلَةٌ. (Msb.) أَربَّآءُ النَّبِىّ [meaning The foster-fathers of the Prophet] is an appellation given to the people [of the tribe of Saad] among whom Mohammad was suckled; as though اربّآء were pl. of رَبِيبٌ [as it is said to be in one of the senses mentioned above]. (TA.) b4: And رَبِيبٌ signifies also A confederate; a person with whom one unites in a confederacy, league, or covenant. (M, K.) b5: And A king. (M, K.) رِبَابَةٌ: see رُبُوبِيَّةٌ.

A2: Also A covenant, compact, confederacy, or league; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ رِبَابٌ, (M, K,) of which latter, in this sense, the pl. is أَرِبَّةٌ. (AAF, IB, TA.) [See رِبَّةٌ, second sentence.]) A3: And A thing [or case] resembling a quiver (كِنَانَة), in which the arrows of the game called المَيْسِر are enclosed together: (S:) or a piece of skin, (T,) or a piece of thin skin, (Lh, M, TA,) in which the arrows are enclosed, (Lh, T, M, TA,) resembling a quiver (كنانة): (TA:) or a piece of rag, (M, K, TA,) or of skin, (TA,) in which the arrows are enclosed (M, K, TA) or bound: (TA:) or a piece of thin skin which is bound upon the hand of the man who takes forth the arrows (K, TA) of that game, (TA,) lest he should know the feel of an arrow for the owner of which he has an affection: (K, TA:) or a small cord with which the arrows are bound [together]: or the arrows [themselves] collectively: (M, K:) sometimes it is used in this last sense: (S:) and ↓ رِبَابٌ also seems to be used in like manner; as meaning the رِبَابَة of the arrows of the game of الميسر. (TA.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce أَفَاضَ in art. فيض.]

رُبُوبَةٌ: see رُبُوبِيَّةٌ.

رَبَابىٌّ A player on the رَبَاب [q. v.]. (MA, K.) رَبُوبِىٌّ, (M, K,) with fet-h [to the ر], (K,) a rel. n. from الرَّبُّ, deviating from rule: so in the phrase عِلْمٌ رَبُوبِىٌّ [Knowledge, science, or doctrine, relating to the Lord, i. e., to God]. (M, K.) رُبُوبِيَّةٌ [Lordship; or the state, or quality, of such as is termed رَبٌّ i. e. a lord, a possessor, an owner, or a proprietor; &c.: and, with the article ال particularly godship, godhead, or deity:] a subst. from الرَّبُّ; (T, * S, * M, K;) as also ↓ رِبَابَةٌ [which seems to be properly an inf. n. of 1 in the sense first explained]. (M, K.) A2: Also, (M, K,) or ↓ رُبُوبَةٌ, (so in a copy of the K,) The state, or condition, of a مَمْلُوك [or slave]. (M, K.) رُبَّتَ and رَبَّتَ &c.; and رُبَّتَمَا and رَبَّتَمَا &c.: see رُبَّ, in five places.

رُبَّى, applied to a ewe or she-goat (شَاةٌ), (S, M, &c.,) That has brought forth: (M, Msb, K:) and so if her young one has died: (M, K:) or that has recently brought forth: (Lh, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) or that has brought forth twenty days before: (M:) or that has brought forth two months before: (El-Umawee, S, M:) or that is followed, (M,) or accompanied, (As, Mgh,) by her young one: (As, M, Mgh:) or that is confined in the tent, or house, for the sake of her milk: (Msb: [see also رَبِيبَةٌ, voce رَبِيبٌ:]) accord. to Az, (S, Msb,) it is applied to a she-goat, (S, M, Msb,) and رَغُوثٌ is applied to a ewe: (M:) accord. to others, the former is applied to a she-goat and a ewe, and sometimes to a she-camel: (S, Msb:) the pl. is ↓ رُبَابٌ, (As, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) which is extr. [in form]: (M, K:) Lh mentions the phrase غَنَمٌ رُبَابٌ, or رِبَابٌ, which, he says, is rare. (M.) b2: See also رُبَّانٌ, in two places.

A2: A benefit, favour, boon, or good. (AA, T, K.) [See an ex. in the first paragraph of art. جشأ.] b2: A want; (AA, T, K;) as in the saying, لِى عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ رُبَّى [I have a want for such a one to supply, or accomplish]. (AA, T.) A3: A child's nurse; syn. دَايَةٌ. (AA, T. In one copy of the T بابه; and in the TA راية. [Perhaps the right reading is رَابَّةٌ, meaning a foster-mother.]) A4: A firm knot: (AA, T, K:) [and so, app., ↓ رُبَّانٌ, if correctly written thus, in the instance here following.] You say, إِنْ كُنْتَ

إِزْرِكَ ↓ بِى تَشهدُّ ظَهْرَكَ فَأَرْخِ بِرُبَّانِ, (TA,) or بِرُبَّا

إِزْرِكَ (so in the TT, as from the M, [as though for بِرُبَّى,]) and مِنع رُبَّى إِزْرِكَ, (T, TA,) a prov., meaning (assumed tropical:) If thou place thy reliance upon me, then let me weary myself, and enjoy thou relaxation and rest: (T, TA:) here رُبَّى [properly] signifies a firm knot. (T.) [See also a similar prov. in Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 24.]) A5: Also a name of Jumádà-l-Oolà [the fifth month of the Arabian calendar]; and so ↓ رُبٌّ: (M, K:) and likewise, (K,) or accord. to Kr, (M,) a name of Jumádà-l-Ákhireh [the sixth month]; and so ↓ رُبَّةُ: (M, K:) and this last likewise, (K, there expressly said to be with damm,) or ↓ رَبَّةُ, (so accord. to the M as transcribed in the TT,) a name of Dhu-l-Kaadeh [the eleventh month]: (M, K:) thus these months were called in the Time of Ignorance. (M. [See also شَهْرٌ: and see رُنَّى or الرُّنَّى, in art. رن.]) رَبِّىٌّ: see رَبَّانِىٌّ. b2: And for its pl., رَبِّيُّونَ, see رِبِّىٌّ, in two places.

رُبِّىٌّ rel. n. of رُبَّةٌ, q. v. (Sb, S, M.) b2: See also its pl., رُبِّيُّونَ, in the next paragraph, in two places.

رِبِّىٌّ sing. of رِبِّيُّونَ (T, S, K,) which signifies Thousands (Fr, Th, T, S, K) of men: (S, K:) accord. to Akh, it is from الرَّبُّ; and if so, it is ↓ رَبِّيُّونَ, with fet-h to the ر: but accord. to Fr, it is from رِبَّةٌ, meaning “ a company: ” (Th, T:) Zj says that it is رِبِّيُّونَ and ↓ رُبِّيُّونَ, with kesr to the ر and also with damm to the ر, and signifies a numerous company: he adds that رِبَّةٌ is said by some to signify “ ten thousand; ” and that ربّيُون is said to signify learned, pious, patient men; and that each of these sayings is good: accord. to Aboo-Tálib, it signifies numerous companies: (T:) [in the Kur iii. 140,] El-Hasan read ↓ رُبِّيُّونَ; and Ibn-' Abbas, ↓ رَبِّيُّونَ; the former with damm, and the latter with fet-h, to the ر. (L, TA.) b2: See also رَبَّانِىٌّ.

رَبَّانٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places.

رُبَّانٌ The first, or beginning, or commencement, or the first and fresh state, of anything; (As, A 'Obeyd, T;) [and so ↓ رَبَّانٌ &c., as appears from what follows.] You say, أَتَيْتُهُ فِى رُبَّانِ شَبَابِهِ, (T,) and شبابه ↓ رَبَّانِ, or شبابه ↓ رِبَّانِ, (accord. to different copies of the T,) and شبابه ↓ رُبَابِ, (T,) and شبابه ↓ رَبَابِ, or شبابه ↓ رِبَابِ, (accord. to different copies of the T,) and شبابه ↓ رُبَّى, all meaning [I came to him] in the beginning, or first and fresh state, of his youth. (T.) and اِفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ بِرُبَّانِهِ Do thou that thing in its first and fresh state: so accord. to ISk: and hence, he says, ↓ شَاةٌ رُبَّى [explained above]. (S.) And أَخَذْتُ الشَّىْءَ بِرُبَّانِهِ, (As, S, K, *) and ↓ بِرَبَّانِهِ, with damm and with fet-h, (K,) i. e. [I took the thing] in its first state: (K:) or altogether, (As, S, K,) not leaving of it aught. (As, S.) They said also, ذَرْهُ بِرُبَّانٍ [app. meaning Leave thou him early, before he acquire more power]: and Th cites the following [as an ex.]: فَذَرْهُمْ بِرُبَّانٍ وَإِلَّا تَذَرْهُمُ يُذِيقُوكَ مَا فِيهِمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَا [which seems to mean Then leave thou them early, before they acquire more power; for if thou do not, or wilt not, leave them, they will make thee to taste what is in them, though it be more]. (M.) b2: Also, accord. to A 'Obeyd, The chief, or main, part or portion of a constellation: or, accord. to As, the aggregate thereof: or, accord. to AO, ↓ رَبَّانٌ, with fet-h, has this meaning: (T:) or both signify a company or an assembly, or an aggregate or assemblage. (K, TA.) A2: Also A captain of sailors (Sh, K) in the sea; (Sh;) and so ↓ رُبَّانِىٌّ: (Sh, K:) one skilled in navigation: pl. [or rather coll. n. of the latter]

رُبَّانِيَّةٌ. (TA voce رَهْنَامَجٌ.) A3: See also رُبَّى, in two places.

رِبَّانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, second sentence.

رَبَّانِىٌّ (T, S, M, A, K) and ↓ رِبِّىٌّ (M,) or ↓ رِبِّىٌّ, (A, KL,) One who devotes himself to religious services or exercises, or applies himself to acts of devotion; (S, A, K;) who possesses a knowledge of God: (T, S, K, KL:) or a learned man: (T:) or the first signifies, (M,) or signifies also, (K,) and so the second, (M,) i. q. حَبْرٌ [i. e. a learned man, or particularly of the Jews, &c.; or a good, or righteous, man]; (M, K;) and a lord, or master, of knowledge or science: or a worshipper of the Lord (الرَّبّ): (M:) or a learned man, a teacher of others, who nourishes people with the small matters of knowledge, or science, before the great: (IAar, T:) or a learned man firmly grounded in knowledge, or science, and religion: or a learned man who practices what he knows and instructs others: or one of high rank in knowledge, or science: or learned with respect to what is lawful and what is unlawful, and what is commanded and what is forbidden: (TA:) رَبَّانِىٌّ is a rel. n. from رَبَّانٌ; or from الرَّبُّ meaning “ God: ” (TA, and some copies of the K:) the ا and ن being added to give intensiveness to the signification; (M;) or, as Sb says, to denote a special reference to the knowledge of the Lord, as though the word signified one possessing a knowledge of the Lord exclusively of other branches of knowledge; (T;) so that it is like لِحْيَانِىٌّ, (T, M, and so in some copies of the K,) meaning “ long-bearded,” (T,) or “ largebearded,” (M,) and رَقَبَانِىٌّ, “thick-necked,” and شَعْرَانِىٌّ, “having much hair: ” (T:) or it is a Syriac word; (TA, and some copies of the K;) or Hebrew; and was unknown to the [pagan] Arabs, and known only to the men of law and science: (TA:) the pl. is رَبَّانِيُّونَ, (T, S,) occurring in the Kur iii. 73 (S) [and v. 48 and 68].

رُبَّانِىٌّ: see رُبَّانٌ, last sentence but one.

رَبَّانِيَّةٌ The quality denoted by the epithet رَبَّانِىٌّ [q. v.]. (A.) رَبْرَبٌ A herd (T, S, M, K) of oxen, (T,) [i. e.] of wild oxen (بَقَر الوَحْش): (S, M, K:) or, as some say, of gazelles: or, accord. to Kr, a number of [wild] oxen together, less than ten: it has no sing., or n. un. (M.) رَابٌّ; and its fem., with ة: see رَبِيبٌ in three places.

أَرِبَّةٌsaid in the T and K to be pl. of رِبَّةٌ [q. v.]: and said by AAF to be pl. of رِبَابٌ.

مَرَبٌّ A place of collecting (T, S, M, A) of people: (M, A:) a place of alighting: (M, K:) a place of abiding, or dwelling, and congregating. (M.) [Hence,] مَرَبُّ الإِبِلِ The place where the camels keep, or remain. (T, S.) b2: [Hence also,] فُلَانٌ مَرَبٌّ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is a person who collects, or congregates, people. (T, S, M, K. *) [and hence,] فُلَانٌ مَرَبٌّ لِبَنِى فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is an object of resort for his counsel and authority to the sons of such a one. (TA in art. جمع.) A2: Also, and ↓ مِرْبَابٌ, (M, K,) Land abounding with plants, or herbage; (K;) or with رِبَّة [q. v.]: (TA:) or land in which there ceases not to be moisture; and so ↓ مَرَبَّةٌ: or ↓ مرْبَابٌ signifies land abounding with plants, or herbage, and with people. (M.) مُرِبٌّ Anything keeping, or cleaving, to a thing. (M. [See its verb, 4]) You say نَاقَةٌ مُرِبٌّ A she-camel keeping to, and affecting, her young one, and the stallion. (Az, TA.) And إِبِلٌ مَرَابُّ [originally مَرَابِبُ, pl. of مُرِبٌّ,] Camels keeping in a place; remaining in it. (T, S.) and فَقْرٌ مُرِبٌّ (assumed tropical:) Constant, inseparable, poverty: occurring in a trad.: or the epithet there is مُلِبٌّ. (IAth.) مَرَبَّةٌ: see مَرَبٌّ.

مُرَبَّبٌ Made [or preserved] with رُبّ [or inspissated juice]; (S, K;) like as مُعَسَّلٌ signifies “ made [or preserved] with عَسَل [or honey]: ” (S:) you say زَنْجَبِيلٌ مُرَبَّبٌ and مُرَبًّى [ginger so preserved]: and ↓ مُرَبَّبَاتٌ signifies Preserves, or confections, made with رُبّ; (S, K;) and in like manner مُرَبَّيَاتٌ, except that this is from التَّرْبِيَةُ [inf. n. of رَبَّى]. (S.) b2: Also Oil of which the grain (حَبّ [perhaps a mistranscription for حُبّ i. e. jar]) whence it has been prepared, or taken, has been perfumed (↓ رُبِّبَ): (T, TA:) or oil perfumed with sweet-smelling plants; as also ↓ مَرْبُوبٌ and مُرَبًّى. (A.) مُرَبَّبَاتٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مِرْبَابٌ: see مَرَبٌّ, in two places.

مَرْبُوبٌ: see رَبِيبٌ. b2: Also A slave; a bondman; syn. مَمْلُوكٌ [lit. possessed, and now particularly applied to a male white slave]. (M, K.) العِبَادُ مَرْبُوبُونَ لِلّٰهِ means [Mankind (lit. the servants of God) are] bondmen (مَمْلُوكُونَ) [to God]. (M.) b3: A skin for clarified butter &c. seasoned with رُبّ [or inspissated juice]. (T, S.) [And A jar smeared with tar or pitch: see 1.] b4: See also مُرَبَّبٌ.

مُرْتَبٌّ One who confers a benefit, or benefits. (K.) b2: And One on whom a benefit is conferred, or on whom benefits are conferred. (K.)

نجو
أصل النَّجَاء: الانفصالُ من الشيء، ومنه: نَجَا فلان من فلان وأَنْجَيْتُهُ ونَجَّيْتُهُ. قال تعالى:
وَأَنْجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا
[النمل/ 53] وقال:
إِنَّا مُنَجُّوكَ وَأَهْلَكَ
[العنكبوت/ 33] ، وَإِذْ نَجَّيْناكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ
[البقرة/ 49] ، فَلَمَّا أَنْجاهُمْ إِذا هُمْ يَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِ
[يونس/ 23] ، فَأَنْجَيْناهُ وَأَهْلَهُ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَهُ
[الأعراف/ 83] ، فَأَنْجَيْناهُ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنَّا [الأعراف/ 72] ، وَنَجَّيْناهُما وَقَوْمَهُما
[الصافات/ 115] ، نَجَّيْناهُمْ بِسَحَرٍ نِعْمَةً [القمر/ 34- 35] ، وَنَجَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا [فصلت/ 18] ، وَنَجَّيْناهُمْ مِنْ عَذابٍ غَلِيظٍ [هود/ 58] ، ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا
[مريم/ 72] ، ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي رُسُلَنا [يونس/ 103] والنَّجْوَةُ والنَّجَاةُ: المكان المُرتفِع المنفصل بارتفاعه عمّا حوله، وقيل: سمّي لكونه نَاجِياً من السَّيْل، وَنَجَّيْتُهُ: تركته بنَجْوة، وعلى هذا: فَالْيَوْمَ نُنَجِّيكَ بِبَدَنِكَ
[يونس/ 92] ونَجَوْتُ قِشْرَ الشجرةِ، وجِلْدَ الشاةِ، ولاشتراكهما في ذلك قال الشاعر:
فقلت انْجُوَا عنها نَجا الجلد إنه سيرضيكما منها سنام وغاربه
ونَاجَيْتُهُ. أي: سارَرْتُه، وأصله أن تخلو به في نَجْوة من الأرض. وقيل: أصله من النّجاة، وهو أن تعاونه على ما فيه خلاصه. أو أن تَنْجُوَ بسرِّك من أن يطلع عليك، وتَنَاجَى القومُ، قال: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذا تَناجَيْتُمْ فَلا تَتَناجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوانِ وَمَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ وَتَناجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوى
[المجادلة/ 9] ، إِذا ناجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْواكُمْ صَدَقَةً
[المجادلة/ 12] والنَّجْوَى أصله المصدر، قال:
إِنَّمَا النَّجْوى مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ [المجادلة/ 10] وقال: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوى [المجادلة/ 8] ، وقوله: وَأَسَرُّوا النَّجْوَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا [الأنبياء/ 3] تنبيها أنهم لم يظهروا بوجه، لأنّ النّجوى ربّما تظهر بعد. وقال: ما يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ [المجادلة/ 7] وقد يوصف بالنّجوى، فيقال: هو نَجْوَى، وهم نَجْوَى. قال تعالى: وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوى [الإسراء/ 47] والنَّجِيُّ: المُنَاجِي، ويقال للواحد والجمع. قال تعالى: وَقَرَّبْناهُ نَجِيًّا
[مريم/ 52] ، وقال: فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْأَسُوا مِنْهُ خَلَصُوا نَجِيًّا [يوسف/ 80] وانْتَجَيْتُ فلانا: استخلصته لسرِّي، وأَنْجَى فُلانٌ: أتى نَجْوَةً، وهم في أرض نَجَاةٍ: أي: في أرض يُسْتَنْجَى من شَجَرِها العِصِيُّ والقِسِيُّ. أي: يتّخذ ويستخلص، والنَّجا: عِيدانٌ قد قُشِرَتْ، قال بعضهم: يقال: نجوْتُ فلانا: استنكهته ، واحتجَّ بقول الشاعر:
نَجَوْتُ مجالدا فوجدت منه كريح الكلب مات حديث عهد
فإن يكن حمل نجوت على هذا المعنى من أجل هذا البيت فليس في البيت حجّة له، وإنما أراد أنّي سارَرْتُهُ، فَوَجَدْتُ من بَخَره ريحَ الكلب الميِّت. وكُنِّي عمّا يخرج من الإنسان بِالنَّجْوِ، وقيل: شرب دواءً فما أَنْجَاهُ. أي: ما أقامه، والاسْتِنْجَاءُ: تحرِّي إزالةِ النَّجْوِ، أو طلب نَجْوَةٍ لإلقاء الأَذَى. كقولهم: تَغَوَّطَ: إذا طلب غائطاً من الأرض، أو طلب نجوةً. أي: قِطْعَةَ مَدَرٍ لإزالة الأذى. كقولهم: اسْتَجْمَرَ إذا طلب جِمَاراً. أي: حجرا، والنّجأة بالهمز: الإصابة بالعين. وفي الحديث: «ادْفَعُوا نَجْأَةَ السَّائِلِ بِاللُّقْمَة» .

أَثر
: (} الأَثَرُ، محرَّكَةً: بَقِيَّةُ الشيْءِ. ج {آثَارٌ} وأُثُورٌ) ، الأَخيرُ بالضَّمِّ. وَقَالَ بعضُهم: الأَثَرُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ رَسْمِ الشَّيْءِ. . (و) الأَثَرُ: (الخَبَرُ) ، وجَمْعُه الآثارُ.
وفلانٌ مِن حَمَلَةِ {الآثَارِ. وَقد فَرقَ بَينهمَا أَئمَّةُ الحديثِ، فَقَالُوا: الخَبَرُ: مَا كَانَ عَن النَّبِيِّ صلَّى اللهُ عليْه وسلَّم،} والأَثَرُ: مَا يُرْوَى عَن الصَّحَابَة. وَهُوَ الَّذِي نَقَلَه ابنُ الصَّلاحِ وغيرُه عَن فُقَهاءِ خُراسانَ، كَمَا قَالَه شيخُنا.
(الحُسَيْنُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ) الخَلَّالُ ثِقةٌ مشهورٌ تُوِفِّيَ سنَةَ 532 هـ، (وعبدُ الكريمِ بنُ منصورٍ) العُمَرِيُّ المَوْصِلِيّ، عَن أَصحاب الأُرمويّ، نَقله السَّمْعَانِيُّ، مَاتَ سنة 490 هـ، ( {الأَثَرِيّانِ: مُحَدِّثَانِ) .
وممَّن اشْتَهَر بِهِ أَيضاً: أَبو بكر سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عليَ الطُّوسِيُّ، وُلِدَ سنة 413 هـ بنَيْسَابُورَ، ومحمّدُ بنُ هياج بن مبادر} - الآثاريُّ الأَنصاريُّ التَّاجِر، من أَهل دِمشقَ، وَرَدَ بغدَادَ، وبابا جَعْفَرُ بنُ محمّدِ بنِ حُسَيْنٍ {- الأَثَرِيُّ، رَوَى عَن أَبي بكرٍ الخَزَرِيِّ.
(و) يُقَال: (خَرَجَ) فلانٌ (فِي} إِثْرِهِ) ، بكسرٍ فسكونٍ، (وأَثَرِهِ) ، مُحَرِكةً وَالثَّانِي أَفصحُ، كَمَا صَرَّحَ بِهِ غيرُ واحدٍ، مَعَ تَأَمُّلٍ فِيهِ، وأَوردهما ثعلبٌّ فِيمَا يُقَال بلُغَتَيْن من فَصِيحِه، وصَوَّبَ شيخُنا تقديمَ الثّانِي على الأَوّل. وَلَيْسَ فِي كلامِ المصنِّف مَا يدلُّ على ضَبْطِه قَالَ: فإِن جَرَيْنَا على اصطلاحِه فِي الإِطلاق كَانَ الأَوْلُ مَفْتُوحًا، وَالثَّانِي مُحْتَملاً لوجوهٍ، أَظهرُها الكَسْرُ والفَتْحُ، وَلَا قائلَ بِهِ، إِنما يُعْرَفُ فِيهِ التَّحْرِيكُ، وَهُوَ أَفصحُ اللُّغَتَيْن وَبِه وَرَدَ القرآنُ: (بَعْدَه) . هاكذا فَسَّرَه ابنُ سِيدَه والزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ. ووقَعَ فِي شُرُوح الفَصيح بَدَلَه: عَقِبَه.
وَقَالَ صاحِبُ الواعِي: الأَثَرُ مُحرَّك هُوَ مَا {يُؤَثِّرُه الرَّجُلُ بِقَدَمِه فِي الأَرض، وَكَذَا كلُّ شيْء} مُؤَثَّرٌ {أَثَرٌ، يُقَال: جئتُكَ على أَثَر فلانٍ، كأَنَّكَ جئتَه تَطَأُ} أَثَرَه.
قَالَ: وكذالك! الإِثْرُ، ساكنُ الثّاني مكسورُ الهمزةِ، فإِن فتحتَ الهمزةَ فتحتَ الثّاءَ، تَقول: جئتُكَ على أَثَره وإِثْرِه، وَالْجمع آثارٌ.
( {وائْتَثَرَه: تَبعَ أَثَرَه) ، وَفِي بعض الأُصول: تَتَبَّعَ أَثَرَه. وَهُوَ عَن الفارسيِّ.
(} وأَثَّر فِيهِ {تَأْثِيراً: تَرَكَ فِيهِ أَثَراً) .
} والتَّأْثِيرُ: إِبقاءُ الأَثَرِ فِي الشَّيْءِ.
( {والآثارُ: الأَعْلَامُ) ، واحِدُه الأَثَرُ.
(} والأَثْرُ) ، بفتحٍ فسكونٍ: (فِرِنْدُ السَّيْفِ) ورَوْنَقُه، (ويُكْسَرُ) ، وبضَمَّتَيْن على فُعُل، وَهُوَ واحدٌ لَيْسَ بجَمْعٍ، ( {كالأَثِير. ج} أُثُورٌ) ، بالضمِّ. قَالَ عَبِيدُ بنُ الأَبرَصِ:
ونحنُ صَبَحُنَا عامِراً يومَ أَقْبَلُوا
سُيُوفاً عليهنَّ {الأُثُورُ بَواتِكَا
وأَنشدَ الأَزهريُّ:
كأَنَّهُمْ أَسْيُفٌ بِيضٌ يَمانِيَةٌ
عَضْبٌ مَضَارِبُهَا باقٍ بهَا} الأُثُرُ
{وأَثْرُ السَّيْفِ: تَسَلْسُلُه ودِيبَاجَتُه، فأَمَّا مَا أَنشدَه ابنُ الأَعرابيِّ من قَوْله:
فإِنِّي إِنْ أَقَعْ بكَ لَا أُهَلِّكْ
كوَقعِ السَّيْفِ ذِي} الأَثَرِ الفِرِنْدِ
قَالَ ثعلبٌ: إِنّمَا أَرادَ ذِي الأَثْر، فحَرَّكَه للضَّرورة. قَالَ ابْن سِيدَه: وَلَا ضَرورةَ هُنَا عِنْدِي؛ لأَنّه لَو قَالَ: (ذِي الأَثْر) فسَكَّنه على أَصلِه لصار (مُفَاَعلَتُنْ) إِلى (مَفَاعِيلُنْ) : وهاذا لَا يكْسِر البَيْتَ لاكن الشّاعر إِنما أَرادَ تَوْفِيَةَ الجزْءِ، فحَرَّك لذالك، ومثلُه كثيرٌ، وأَبْدَلَ الْفِرِنْدَ من الأَثَر.
وَفِي الصّحاح: قَالَ يَعْقُوب: لَا يَعرفُ الأَصمعيُّ الأَثْرَ إِلّا بِالْفَتْح، قَالَ: وأَنشدَنِي عِيسَى بنُ عُمَر لخُفَافِ بنِ نَدْبَةَ:
جَلَاها الصَّيْقَلُونَ فأَخْلَصُوها
خِفَافاً كلُّها يَتْقِي! بأَثْرِ
أَي كلُّها يستقبُلكَ بفرِنْدِه. ويَتْقِي، مخفَّف مِن يَتَّقِي، أَي إِذا نَظَر النّاظرُ إِليها اتَّصلَ شُعَاعُها بعينِه فَلم يَتمَكَّن من النَّظَرِ إِليها.
ورَوَى الإِيادِيُّ عَن أَبي الهَيْثَمِ أَنْه كَانَ يَقُول: {الإِثْرُ بكَسْر الهَمْزةِ لخُلَاصَةِ السَّمْنِ، وأَمّا فِرِنْدُ السَّيْفِ فكلُّهُم يَقُول:} أُثْر.
وَعَن ابْن بُزُرْج: وَقَالُوا: {أُثْرُ السَّيْفِ، مضمومٌ: جُرْحُه،} وأَثْرُه، مفتوحٌ: رَوْنَقُه الّذِي فِيهِ.
قلتُ: وزَعم بعضٌ أَن الضَّمَّ أَفصحُ فِيهِ وأَعرَفُ.
وَفِي شَرْح الفَصِيح لِابْنِ التَّيّانِيِّ: أثْرُ السَّيفِ مثالُ صَقْر، {وأُثُرُه، مِثَال طُنُبٍ: فِرِنْدُه.
وَقد ظهرَ بِمَا أَوردنا من النُّصُوص أَنّ الكسْرَ مسموعٌ فِيهِ، وأَرودَه ابْن سِيدَه وغيرُه، فَلَا يُعَرَّجُ على قَول شيخِنَا: إِنه لَا قائلَ بِهِ من أَئِمَّة اللغةِ وأَهلِ العربيّة. فَهُوَ سَهْوٌ ظاهرٌ، نَعم،} الأُثْر بضمَ، على مَا أَوردَه الجوهَرِيُّ وغيرُه، وَكَذَا {الأُثُر، بضمَّتَيْن على مَا أَسْلَفْنَا، مسْتَدْرَكٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَقد أُغْفِلَ شيخُنا عَن الثّانية.
} والأَثِيرُ، كأَمِيرِ الَّذِي ذكرَه المصنِّفُ أَغفلَه أَئِمَّةُ الغَرِيب.
وحَكَى اللَّبْلِيُّ فِي شرح الفَصِيح: {لأُثْرَةُ اللسَّيفِ بِمَعْنى} الأَثْر، جمعُه أُثَر كغُرَفٍ، وَهُوَ مُستدَركٌ على المصنِّف.
(و) الأَثْرُ: (نَقْلُ الحديثِ) عَن القَوم (ورِوايتُه، {كالأَثَارةِ) بِالْفَتْح، (} والأُثْرَةِ، بالضّمِّ) ، وهاذه عَن اللِّحْيَانِّي.
وَفِي الْمُحكم أَثَرَ الحديثَ عَن القومِ ( {يَأْثِرُه) ، أَي من حدِّ ضَرَبَ، (} ويَأْثُره) أَي من حدِّ نَصَرَ: أَنْبأَهم بِمَا سُبِقُوا فِيهِ من الأَثَر، وَقيل: حَدَّثَ بِهِ عَنْهُم فِي {آثَارهم. قَالَ: والصحيحُ عِنْدِي أَنَّ} الأُثْرَةَ الاسمُ، وَهِي المَأْثَرَةُ والمَأْثُرَةُ.
وَفِي حَدِيث عليَ فِي دَعَائِه على الخَوَارج: (وَلَا بَقِيَ مِنْكُم {آثِرٌ) ، أَي مُخْبِرٌ يَرْوِي الحَدِيث.
وَفِي قولِ أبي سُفيانَ فِي حديثِ قَيْصَرَ: (لَوْلَا أَنْ} تَأْثُرُوا عنِّي الكذبَ) ، أَي تَرْوُون وتحكُون.
وَفِي حَدِيث عُمَرَ رضيَ اللهُ عَنهُ: (فَمَا حَلَفتُ بِهِ ذَاكِرًا وَلَا {آثِراً) ، يريدُ مُخْبِراً عَن غيرِه أَنَّه حَلَفَ بِهِ، أَي مَا حلفْتُ بِهِ مُبتدئِاً مِن نفسِي، ولَا رَوَيْتُ عَن أَحدٍ أَنّه حَلَف بهَا.
وَمن هاذا قيل: حديثٌ} مَأْثُورٌ، أَي يُخْبِرُ الناسُ بِهِ بعضُهم بَعْضًا، أَي يَنقلُه خَلَفٌ عَن سَلَفٍ، يُقَال مِنْهُ: {أَثَرْتُ الحديثَ فَهُوَ مَأْثُور، وأَنا آثِرٌ، وَقَالَ الأَعْشَى:
إِنَّ الَّذِي فِيهِ تَمَارَيْتُمَا
بُيِّنَ للسّامِعِ} والآثِرِ.
(و) الأَثْر: (إِكْثَارُ الفَحْلِ مِن ضِرَاب النّاقَة) وَقد أَثَر يَأْثُر، مِن حَدِّ نَصَرَ.
(و) الأُثْر، بالضّمِّ: أَثَرُ الجِرَاحِ يَبقَى بعد البُرْءِ. ومثلُه فِي الصِّحَاح. وَفِي التَّهْذِيب: أُثْرُ الجُرْحِ: {أَثَرُه يَبقَى بعد مَا يَبْرَأُ. وَقَالَ الأَصمعيُّ: الأُثْرُ بالضّمّ من الجُرْحِ وغيرِه فِي الجَسَد يَبْرَأُ ويبقَى} أَثَرُه. وَقَالَ شَمِرٌ: يُقَال فِي هاذا: أَثْرٌ وأُثْرٌ، والجمعُ {آثارٌ، ووجهُه} إِثَارٌ، بِكَسْر الأَلفِ، قَالَ: وَلَو قلتَ أُثُورٌ، كنتَ مُصِيباً.
(و) فِي المُحكم: {الأُثْر: (ماءُ الوجهِ ورَوْنَقُه، و) قد (تُضَمُّ ثاؤُهما) ، مثل عُسْرٍ وعُسُر، ورَوَى الوَجْهَيْن شَمِرٌ، والجمعُ آثارٌ. وأَنشدَ ابنُ سِيدَه:
عَضْبٌ مَضَارِبُهَا باقٍ بهَا} الأُثُرُ
وأَوردَه الجوهريُّ هاكذا: (بيضٌ مضاربُهَا) قَالَ: وَفِي النَّاس مَن يَحْمِلُ هاذا على الفِرِنْد. (و) الأُثْر: (سِمَةٌ فِي بَاطِن خُفِّ البعيرِ يُقْتَفَى بهَا أَثَرُه) ، والجمعُ أُثُور.
وَقد {أَثَرَه} يَأْثُره {أَثْراً،} وأَثَّره: حَزَّه.
(و) رَوَى الإِياديُّ عَن أَبي الهَيْثم أَنه كَانَ يَقُول: الإِثْرُ (بِالْكَسْرِ: خُلاصةُ السَّمْنِ) إِذا سُلِيءَ، وَهُوَ الخِلاصُ، وَقيل: هُوَ اللَّبَنُ إِذا فارَقَه السَّمْنُ. (و) قد (يُضَمُّ) ، وهاذا قد أَنْكَره غيرُ واحدٍ من الأَئِمَّة، وَقَالُوا: إِن المضمومَ فِرِنْدُ السَّيْفِ.
(و) {الأَثُرُ، بِضَم الثّاءِ (كعَجُزٍ، و) الأَثِرُ ك (كَتِفٍ: رجلٌ} يَستأْثِرُ على أَصحابِه) فِي القَسْم، (أَي يَختارُ لنفْسه أَشياءَ حَسنةً) ، وَفِي الصّحاح: أَي يحتاجُ لنَفسِهِ أَفعالاً وأَخلاقاً حَسَنَة.
(والاسمُ {الأَثَرَةُ، محرّكةً، والأُثْرَةُ، بالضّمّ، و) } الإِثْرَة، (بِالْكَسْرِ، و) {الأُثْرَى، (كالحُسْنَى) ، كِلَاهُمَا عَن الصَّغَانِّي.
(و) قد (} أَثِرَ على أَصحابه، كفَرِحَ) ، إِذا (فَعَلَ ذالك) .
وَيُقَال: فلانٌ ذُو {أُثْرَةٍ، بالضمّ، إِذا كَانَ خاصًّا.
وَيُقَال: قد أَخَذَه بِلَا} أَثَرَةٍ، وَبلا {إِثْرَةٍ، وَبلا} استئثارٍ، أَي لم يَستأْثِر على غيرِه وَلم يَأْخُذ الأَجْوَدَ.
وجمْعُ {الإِثْرَة، بِالْكَسْرِ،} إِثَرٌ. قَالَ الحُطَيئةُ يمدحُ عُمَرَ رضيَ اللهُ عَنهُ:
مَا {آثَرُوكَ بهَا إِذْ قَدَّمُوكَ لَهَا
لاكنْ لأَنْفسِهِمْ كانتْ بكَ} الإِثَرُ
أَي الخِيَرَةُ {والإِيثارُ.
وَفِي الحَدِيث: (لما ذُكِرَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ بالخلافةِ فَقَالَ: أَخْشَى حَفْدَه} وأَثَرَتَه) ، أَي! إِيثارَه، وَهِي {الإِثْرَةُ، وكذالك} الأُثْرَةُ {والأَثْرَةُ} والأُثْرَى قَالَ:
فقلتُ لَهُ يَا ذئْبُ هَل لكَ فِي أَخٍ
يُوَاسى بِلَا أُثْرَى عليكَ وَلَا بُخْلِ
( {والأُثْرَةُ، بالضّمِّ: المَكْرُمةُ) ؛ لأَنها} تُؤْثَرُ، أَي تُذْكَر، ويَأْثُرها قَرْنٌ عَن قَرْنٍ يتحدَّثُون بهَا. وَفِي المُحكَم: المَكْرُمةُ (المُتَوارَثَة، {كالمَأْثَرَةِ) ، بِفَتْح الثاءِ (} والمَأْثُرَةِ) بضمهَا، ومثلُه من الكلامِ المَيْسَرَة والمَيْسُرة، ممّا فِيهِ الوَجْهَانِ، وَهِي نَحْو ثَلَاثِينَ كلمة جَمَعَها الصّغانيّ فِي ح ب ر.
وَقَالَ أَبو زيد: مَأْثُرَةٌ ومآثِرُ، وَهِي القدَمُ فِي الحَسَب. {ومآثِرُ العَرَب: مَكارمُها ومَفاخرُها الَّتِي} تُؤْثَرُ عَنْهَا، أَي تُذْكَرُ وتُرْوَى. ومثلُه فِي الأَساس.
(و) {الأُثْرَةُ: (البَقِيَّةُ من العِلْم} تُؤْثَرُ) ، أَي تُرْوَى وتُذْكَر، ( {كالأَثَرَةِ) محرَّكَةً، (} والأَثارةِ) ، كسَحَابةٍ. وَقد قُرِىءَ بهَا، والأَخيرةُ أَعْلَى.
وَقَالَ الزَّجّاج: {أَثَارةٌ فِي معنَى عَلامة، ويجوزُ أَن يكونَ على معنى بَقِيَّة من عِلْمٍ، ويجوزُ أَن يكونَ على مَا} يُؤْثَرُ من العِلْم. وَيُقَال: أَوْ شَيْءٌ {مَأْثُورٌ من كُتُب الأَوَّلِين، فمَن قرأَ: (أَثَارَة) فَهُوَ المصدرُ، مثل السَّمَاحة، ومَن قرأَ: (} أَثَرةٍ) فإِنه بناهُ على الأَثَر مثْل قَتَرَةٍ، ومَن قَرأَ: ( {أَثْرة) فكأَنه أَراد مثلَ الخَطْفَةِ والرجْفة.
(و) } الأَثْرَة، بالضّمّ: (الجَدْبُ، والحالُ غيرُ المَرْضِيَّة) ، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
إِذا خافَ مِن أَيْدِي الحَوَادث {أُثْرَةُ
كَفَاهُ حِمارٌ مِن غِنى مَقَيَّدُ
وَمِنْه قولُ النّبيِّ صلَّى الله عليْه وسلّم: (إِنّكم سَتَلْقَوْنَ بَعْدِي} أُثْرَةً فاصْبِرُوا حتَّى تَلْقَوْنِي على الحَوْضِ) . ( {وآثَره: أَكرَمه) ، وَمِنْه: رجلٌ} أَثِيرٌ، أَي مَكِينٌ مُكْرَمٌ. وَالْجمع {أُثَراءُ والأُنْثَى} أَثِيرَةٌ.
( {والأَثِيرَةُ: الدّابَّةُ العظيمةُ الأَثَرِ فِي الأَرضُ بحافِرِا) وخُفَّيْهَا، بَيِّنةُ} الإِثارةِ.
(و) عَن ابْن الأَعرابيّ: (فَعَلَ) هاذا (آثِراً مّا، {وآثِرَ ذِي أَثِيرٍ) ، كلاها على صِيغَةِ اسمِ الْفَاعِل، وكذالك آثِراً، بِلَا (مَا) . وَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ بنُ الوَرْد:
فقالُوا مَا تُرِيدُ فقلتُ أَلْهُو
إِلى الإِصْباحِ آثِرَ ذِي أَثِيرِ
هاكَذَا أَنشده الجوهريُّ. قَالَ الصّغَانيُّ: والروايةُ: (وقالتْ) ، يَعْنِي امرأَتَه أُمَّ وَهْبٍ واسْمُها سَلْمَى.
(و) يُقَال: لَقِيتُه (أَوَّلَ ذِي أَثِيرٍ،} وأَثِيرَةَ ذِي أَثِيرٍ) ، نَقله الصَّغانيّ.) ، {وأُثْرَة ذِي أَثِيرٍ، بالضّمِّ) وضَبَطَه الصّاغانيُّ بالكَسْر.
وَقيل: الأَثِيرُ: الصُّبْحُ، وذُو أَثِيرٍ: وَقْتُه.
(و) حَكَى اللِّحْيَانيّ: (إِثْرَ ذِي} أَثِيرَيْن، بالكَسْر. ويُحرَّك) ، {وإِثْرَةً مّا.
(و) عَن ابْن الأَعرابيّ: ولَقِيتُه (آثِرَ ذاتِ يَدَيْنِ، وذِي يَدَيْنِ، أَي أَوَّلَ كلِّ شَيْءٍ) .
قَالَ الفَرّاءُ: ابْدَأْ بهاذا آثِراً مّا،} وآثِرَ ذِي أَثِيرٍ، {وأَثِيرَ ذِي أَثِيرٍ، أَي ابدَأْ بِهِ أَوَّلَ كلِّ شيءٍ.
ويُقَال: افْعَلْه} آثِراً مّا، {وأَثِراً مّا، أَي إِن كنتَ لَا تفعلُ غيرَه فافْعَلْه.
وقيلَ: افْعَلْهُ} مُؤْثِراً لَهُ على غيرِه، و (مَا) زائدةٌ، وَهِي لازمةٌ لَا يجوزُ حذفُها؛ لأَنّ مَعْنَاهُ افعلْه آثِراً مُخْتَارًا لَهُ مَعْنِيًّ بِهِ، مِن قَوْلك: {آثَرتُ أَن أَفعلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَقَالَ المبرِّد: فِي قولِهم: خُذْ هاذا آثِراً مّا، قَالَ: كَأَنّه يريدُ أَن يأْخذَ مِنْهُ وَاحِدًا وَهُوَ يُسَامُ على آخَرَ، فَيَقُول: خُذْ هاذا الواحِدَ آثِراً، أَي قد} آثرتُكَ بِهِ، و (مَا) فِيهِ حَشْوٌ.
(و) يُقَال: (سَيفٌ مأْثورٌ: فِي مَتْنِه أَثَرٌ) ، وَقَالَ صاحبُ الواعِي: سَيفٌ {مَأْثُورً، أُخِذَ من الأَثَر، كأَنّ وَشْيَهُ أَثَّرَ فِيهِ، (أَو مَتْنُه حَدِيدٌ أَنِيثٌ، وشَفْرَتهُ حَدِيدٌ ذَكَرٌ) ، نَقَلَ القَوْلَيْن الصَّغَانيُّ. (أَو هُوَ الَّذِي) يُقَال إِنه (يَعْمَلُه الجِنُّ) ، وَلَيْسَ من الأَثْرِ الَّذِي هُوَ الفِرِنْد. قَالَ ابنُ مُقْبِلٍ:
إِنِّي أُقَيِّدُ} بالمَأْثُورِ راحِلَتِي
وَلَا أُبالِي وَلَو كُنَّا على سَفَرِ
قَالَ ابنُ سِيدَه: وَعَدَني أَنّ! الْمَأْثُورَ مَفْعُولٌ لَا فِعْلَ لَهُ، كَمَا ذهَب إِليه أَبو عليّ فِي المَفْؤُود الَّذِي هُوَ الجَبان.
(وأَثِرَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا، كفَرِحَ: طَفِقَ) ، وذالك إهذا أَبْصَرَ الشَّيءَ وضَرِيَ بمعرفتِه وحَذِقه، وكذالك طَبِنَ (وَطَبِقَ ودَبِقَ ولَفِقَ) وفَطِنَ، كَذَا فِي نَوادِر الأَعرابِ.
وَقَالَ ابْن شُمَيل: إِن أَثِرْتَ أَن تَأْتِيَنَا فأْتِنَا يومَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، أَي إِن كَانَ لَا بُدَّ أَن تَأْتِيَنَا فأْتِنَا يومَ كَذَا وَكَذَا.
ويُقَال: قد أَثِرَ أَن يَفْعَلَ ذالك الأَمْرَ، أَي فَرَغَ لَهُ. (و) أَثِرَ (على الأَمرِ: عَزَمَ) ، قَالَ أَبو زيد: قد أَثِرْتُ أَن أَقولَ ذالك: أَي عَزَمْتُ. (و) أَثِرَ (لَهُ: تَفَرَّغَ) ، وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: يُقَال: لقد أَثِرْتُ أَن أَفْعَلَ كَذَا وكذَا، وَهُوَ هَمٌّ فِي عَزْمٍ.
(وآثَرَ: اخْتارَ) وفَضَّلَ، وقَدَّمَ، وَفِي التَّنْزِيل: {تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ آثَرَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا} (يُوسُف: 91) قَالَ الأَصمعي: آثرتُكَ إِيثاراً، أَي فَضَّلْتُكَ.
(و) آثَرَ (كَذَا بِكَذَا: أَتْبَعَه إِيّاه) ، وَمِنْه قولُ مُتَمِّمِ بِن نُوَيرةَ يَصفُ الغَيثَ:
{فآثَرَ سَيْلَ الوادِيَيْنِ بدِيمَةٍ
تُرَشِّحُ وَسْمِيًّا مِن النَّبْتِ خِرْوَعَا
أَي أَتْبَعَ مَطراً تقدَّم بدِيمَةٍ بعدَه.
(} والتُّؤْثُورُ) وَفِي بعض الأُصُول التؤْرُورُ، أَي على تُفْعُول بالضّمّ: (حَدِيدَةٌ يُسْحَى بهَا باطِنُ خُفِّ البعيرِ، ليُقْتَصَّ أَثَرُه) فِي الأَرض ويُعْرَفَ، ( {كالمِئْثَرةِ) .
ورأَيت} أُثْرَته، أَي مَوْضِعَ {أَثَرِه من الأَرض.
وَقيل:} الأُثْرَةُ {والتُّؤْثُورُ} والتَّأْثُورُ، كلُّها علاماتٌ تَجعلُهَا الأَعرابُ فِي باطنِ خُفِّ البَعيرِ، وَقد تَقدَّم فِي كَلَام المصنِّف.
(و) {التُّؤْثُورُ: (الْجِلْوَازُ) ، كالتُّؤْرُورِ واليُؤْرُورِ، بالياءِ التَّحْتِيَّة، كَمَا سيأْتي فِي أَرّ، عَن أَبي عليّ.
(} واستأْثرَ بالشيْءِ: استبدَّ بِهِ) وانفردَ. (و) {استأْثرَ بالشيْءِ على غيرِه: (خَصَّ بِهِ نفْسَه) ، قَالَ الأَعشى:
استَأْثَرَ اللهُ بالوفاءِ وبال
عَدْله ووَلَّى المَلامَةَ الرَّجُلَا
وَفِي حَدِيث عُمَرَ: (فوَاللَّه مَا} أَستْأثِرُ بهَا عَلَيْكُم، وَلَا آخذُها دُونَكم) .
(و) استأْثَرَ (اللهُ تَعَالَى) فلَانا، و (بفلانٍ، إِذا ماتَ) وَهُوَ مِمَّنْ يُرْجَى لَهُ الجَنَّةُ (ورُجِيَ لَهُ الغُفْرَانُ) .
(وَذُو الآثارِ) : لَقَبُ (الأُسوَد) بن يَعْفُرَ (النَّهْشَلِيّ) ، وإِنا لُقِّب بِهِ (لأَنَّه) كَانَ (إِذا هَجَا قَوماً تَرَكَ فيهم آثاراً) يُعْرَفون بهَا، (أَو) لأَنّ (شِعْره فِي الأَشعار {كآثارِ الأَسدِ فِي آثارِ السِّباع) لَا يَخْفَى.
(و) يُقَال: (فلانٌ} - أَثِيرِي، أَي مِن خُلَصَائِي) . وَفِي بعض الأُصول: أَي خُلْصانِي. وفلانٌ أَثِيرٌ عِنْد فلانٍ وَذُو أُثْرةٍ، إِذا كَانَ خاصًّا.
ورجلٌ أَثِيرٌ: مَكِينٌ مُكْرَمٌ.
وَفِي الأَساس: وَهُوَ {- أثِيرِي، أَي الَّذِي أُوثِرُه وأُقَدِّمُه.
(و) شيْءً (كَثِيرٌ أَثِيرٌ، إِتباعٌ) لَهُ، مثلُ بَثِير.
(و) } أُثَيْرٌ (كزُبَيْرٍ ابنُ عَمْرٍ والسَّــكُونِيُّ الطَّبِيبُ) الكُوفيُّ، وإِليه نُسِبتْ صحراءُ أُثَيْرٍ بالكُوفة.
(ومُغِيرَةُ بنُ جَمِيلِ بنِ {أُثَيْر، شَيخٌ لأَبِي سَعِيدٍ) عبدِ الله بن سَعِيدٍ (الأَشَجِّ) الكوفيّ أَحد الأَئمّة: قَالَ ابْن القرابِ مَاتَ سنة 357 هـ.
وجوادُ بنُ أُثَيْرِ بنِ جَوادٍ الحَضْرميّ، وَغَيرهم.
(وقَولُ عليَ رَضِيَّ اللهُ عَنهُ: (ولستُ} بمَأْثُورٍ فِي دِينِي)) ، أَي لستُ ممَّن {يُؤْثَرُ عنِّي شَرٌّ وتُهمَة فِي دِينِي. فيكونُ قد وَضَعَ} الْمَأْثُورَ مَوضِعَ المأْثُورِ عَنهُ. وَقد تقدَّم (فِي أَب ر) ومَرّ الكلامُ هُنَاكَ.
وَمِمَّا يُستدرَكُ عَلَيْهِ:
الأَثَرُ، بالتَّحْرِيك: مَا بَقِيَ من رَسْمِ الشَّيْءِ، والجَمْعُ الآثارُ.
{والأَثَرُ، أَيضا: مُقَابِلُ العَيْنِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ العَلَامةُ. وَمن أَمثالهم: (لَا أَثَرَ بعد العَيْنِ) . وسَمَّى شيخُنَا كتابَه: (إِقرار العَيْنِ ببقاءِ الأَثَرِ بعدَ ذَهابِ العَيْنِ) .
} والمَأْثُور: أَحدُ سُيُوفِ النَّبيِّ صلَّى اللهُ عيْه وسلَّم. كَمَا ذَكَره أَهْل السِّيَرِ.
وحَكَى اللِّحْيَانيُّ عَن الكِسائيِّ: مَا يُدْرَى لَهُ أَينَ أَثَرٌ، وَلَا يُدْرَى لَهُ مَا أَثَرٌ، أَي مَا يُدْرَى أَين أَصْلُه وَمَا أَصْلُه.
{والإِثْارُ، ككِتَاب: شِبْهُ الشِّمَالِ يُشَدُّ على ضَرْعِ العَنْزِ شِبْهُ كِيسٍ لئلَّا تُعَانَ.
وَفِي الحَدِيث: (مَنْ سَرَّه أَن يَبْسُطَ اللهُ لَهُ فِي رِزْقه وَيَنْسَأَ فِي أَثَرِه فلْيَصِلْ رَحمَه) .} الأَثَرُ الأَجَلُ، سُمِّيَ بِهِ لأَنه يَتْبَعُ العُمرَ، قَالَ زُهَيْر:
والمرءُ مَا عاشَ مَمْدُودٌ لَهُ أَمَلٌ
لَا يَنْتَهِي العمْرُ حتَّى يَنْتَهي الأَثَرُ
وأَصلُه مِن {أَثَّرَ مَشْيُه فِي الأَرض، فإِنَّ مَن ماتَ لَا يَبْقَى لَهُ أَثَرٌ، وَلَا يُرَى لأَقدامِه فِي الأَرض أَثَرٌ. وَمِنْه قولُه للَّذِي مَرَّ بَين يَدَيْه وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي: (قَطَعَ صَلاتَنا قَطَعَ اللهُ} أَثَرَه) ، دُعَاءٌ عَلَيْهِ بالزَّمَانَة؛ لأَنه إِذا زَمِنَ انقطعَ مَشْيُه فانقطعَ أَثَرُه.
وأَمّا {مِيثَرةُ السَّرْجِ غيرُ مَهمُوزةٍ.
وقولُه عَزّ وجَلّ: {وَنَكْتُبُ مَاَ قَدَّمُواْ وَ} آثَارَهُمْ} (يللهس: 12) ، أَي نكتُب مَا أَسْلَفُوا مِن أَعمالِهم.
وَفِي اللِّسَان: وسَمِنَت الإِبلُ والنّاقةُ على أَثَارةٍ. أَي على عَتِيقِ شَحْمٍ كَانَ قبلَ ذالك، قَالَ الشَّمّاخُ:
وذاتِ {أَثَارةٍ أَكَلتْ عَلَيْهِ
نَبَاتاً فِي أَكِمَّتِه قَفَارَا
قَالَ أَبو مَنْصُور: ويُحْتَملُ أَن يكونَ قولُه تَعَالَى: {أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مّنْ عِلْمٍ} (الْأَحْقَاف: 4) مهن هاذا؛ لأَنها سَمِنَت على بَقِيَّةِ شَحْمٍ كَانَت عَلَيْهَا، فكأَنَّها حَمَلَتْ شَحْماً على بَقِيَّةِ شَحْمِها.
وَفِي الأَساس: وَمِنْه: أَغضَبَني فلانٌ عَن أثارةِ غَضَبٍ، أَي كَانَ قبل ذالك. وَفِي المُحْكَم والتَّهْذِيب: وغَضِبَ على أَثَارةٍ قبْلَ ذالك، أَي قد كَانَ قبْلَ ذالِكَ مِنْهُ غَضَبٌ، ثمَّ ازْدادَ بعد ذالك غَضَباً. هاذه عَن اللِّحْيَانِّي.
وَقَالَ ابنُ عَبَّاس: {أَو} أَثارةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ} ، إِنّه عِلْمُ الخَطِّ الَّذِي كَانَ أُوتِيَ بعض الأَنبياءِ.
وأَثْرُ السَّيْفِ: دِيباجَتُه وتَسَلْسُلُه. وَيُقَال: أَثَّرَ بوَجْهِه وبِجَبِينِه السُّجُودُ. وأَثَّرَ فِيهِ السَّيْفُ والضَّرْبَةُ. وَفِي الأَمثال: يُقال للكاذب: (لَا يَصْدُقُ {أَثَرُه) ، أَي} أَثَرُ رجْلِه.
وَيُقَال: افعَلْه {إِثْرَةَ ذِي} أَثِيرٍ بِالْكَسْرِ وأَثْرَ ذِي أَثِيرٍ، بِالْفَتْح. لغتانِ فِي: آثِر ذِي أَثِيرٍ، بالمدّ، نقلَه الصّاغانيُّ.
وَقَالَ الفَرّاءُ: افْعَلْ هاذه {أَثَراً مّا محرَّكةً مِثل قَوْلك:} آثِراً مّا.
واستدرك شيخُنا.
الأَثِيرُ: كأَمِيرٍ وَهُوَ الفَلَكُ التّاسِعُ الأَعْظَمُ الحاكمُ على كلِّ الأَفلاكِ؛ لأَنّهُ {يُؤَثِّرُ فِي غَيره.
وأَبناءُ الأَثِيرِ: الأَئِمَّةُ المَشَاهِيرُ، الأَخوةُ الثلاثةُ: عِزُّ الدِّين عليُّ بنُ محمّدِ بنِ عبدِ الكريمِ بنِ عبد الواحدِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ الجَزَرِيُّ، اللُّغَوِيُّ، المحدِّثُ، لَهُ التاريخُ والأَنسابُ، ومعرفةُ الصَّحابةِ، وغيرُها، وأَخُوه مَجْدُ الدِّينِ أَبو السَّعَاداتِ، لَهُ جامعُ الأُصولِ، والنِّهَايَةُ، وغيرُهما، ذَكَرهما الذَّهَبِيُّ فِي التَّذْكرة، وأَخُوهما الثّالثُ ضِياءُ الدِّين أَبو الفَتْحِ نَصْرُ اللهِ، لَهُ المَثَلُ السّائرُ، وغيرُه، ذَكَره مَعَ أَخَويْه ابنُ خلِّكانَ فِي الوَفَيات. قَالَ شيخُنا: ومِن لَطائفِ مَا قِيلَ فيهم:
وبَنُو الأَثِيرِ ثلاثةٌ
قد حازَ كلٌّ مُفْتَخَرْ
فمُؤَرِّخٌ جَمَع العُلُو
مَعَ وآخَرٌ وَلِيَ الوَزَرْ
ومُحَدِّثٌ كَتَب الحَدِي
ثَ لَهُ النِّهَايةُ فِي الأَثَرْ
قَالَ: والوَزِيرُ هُوَ صاحبُ (المَثَلِ السّائِرِ) . وَمَا أَلْطَفَ التَّوْريَةَ فِي النِّهَاية.
وصحراءُ} أُثَيْرٍ، كزُبَيْرٍ: بالكُوفة حيثُ حَرَقَ أَميرُ الْمُؤمنِينَ عليٌّ رضيَ اللهُ عَنهُ النَّفَرَ الغَالِين فِيهِ.