اذ

إِذْ a word denoting past time: (Lth, T, S, M, L, Mughnee, K:) it is a noun, (S, L, Mughnee, K,) indecl., with its last letter quiescent; and properly is prefixed to a proposition; (S, L, K;) as in جِئْتُكَ إِذْ قَامَ زَيدٌ [I came to thee when Zeyd stood], and إِذْ زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ and إِذْ زَيْدٌ يقُومُ [When Zeyd was standing]. (S, L.) The proposition to which it is prefixed is either nominal, as in [the words of the Kur viii. 26,] وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ أَنْتُمْ قَلِيلٌ [And remember ye when ye were few]; or verbal, having the verb in the pret. as to the letter and as to the meaning, as in [the Kur ii. 28, &c.,] وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ [And when thy Lord said unto the angels]; or verbal with the verb in the pret. as to the meaning but not as to the letter, as in [the Kur ii. 121,] وَ إِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرٰهِيمُ القَوَاعِدَ [And when Abraham was rearing the foundations]; all three of which kinds are comprised in the Kur where it is said, [ix. 40,]
إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِىَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِى الغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحزَنْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ مَعَنَا [If ye will not aid him, verily God aided him, when those who disbelieved expelled him, being the second of two, when they two were in the cave, when he was saying to his companion, Grieve not thou, for God is with us]. (Mughnee.) But sometimes one half of the proposition is suppressed, as in إِذْ ذَاكَ, [also written إِذَّاكَ,] meaning إِذْ ذَاكَ كَذٰلِكَ [When that was so], or إِذْ ذَاكَ كَائِنٌ [When that was, i. e. then, at that time]. (Mughnee.) And sometimes the whole of the proposition is suppressed, (M, Mughnee,) as being known, (Mughnee,) and tenween is substituted for it; the ذ receiving kesreh because of the occurrence of two quiescent letters together, (M, Mughnee,) namely the ذ and the tenween, (M,) and thus one says, يَوْمَئِذٍ; the kesreh of the ذ not being, as Akh holds it to be, the kesreh of declension, although اذ here occupies the place of a noun governed in the gen. case by another prefixed to it, (M, Mughnee,) for it still requires a proposition to be understood after it, (Mughnee,) and is held to be indecl. (M, Mughnee) by general consent, like كَمْ and مَنْ, (M,) as being composed of two letters. (Mughnee.) [J says,] when إِذْ is not prefixed to a proposition, it has tenween: (S:) and hence Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, (S, M,) نَهَيْتُكَ عَنْ طِلَابِكَ أُمَّ عَمْرٍو بِعَافِيَةٍ وَأَنْتَ إِذٍ صَحِيحُ [I forbade thy suing Umm-'Amr in health, thou being then sound]; (S, M, L, Mughnee, TA; [but in two copies of the S, for بِعَافِيَةٍ, I find بِعَاقِبَةٍ; and in the L it is without any point;]) in which [J says] the poet means حِينَئِذٍ, like as one says يَوْمَئذٍ and لَيْلَتَئِذٍ: (S:) and Fr says that some of the Arabs say, كَانَ كَذَا و كَذَا وَهُوَ إِذٍ صَبِىٌّ, meaning هُوَ إِذْ ذَاكَ صَبِىٌّ [Such and such things were, he being then a boy]. (T.) إِذِى also occurs for اذ [app. إِذٍ, but whether this or إِذْ is not clear in the MS. from which I take this]. (M.) When إِذٍ is adjoined to nouns signifying times, the Arabs join it therewith in writing, in certain instances: namely حِينَئِذٍ [At that time, or then], and يَوْمَئِذٍ

[In, or on, or at, that day], and لَيْلَتَئِذٍ [In, or on, or at, that night], and غَدَاتَئِذٍ [In, or on, that morning], and عَشِيَّتَئِذٍ [In, or on, that evening], and سَاعَتَئِذٍ [In that hour: or at that time; then], and عَامَئِذٍ [In that year], [and وَقْتَئِذٍ At that time; then]; but they did not say الآنَئِذٍ, because الآنَ denotes the nearest present time, except in the dial. of Hudheyl, in which it has been found to occur. (T.) When it is followed by a verb, or by a noun not having the article ال prefixed to it, or [rather] by any movent letter, the ذ of إِذْ is quieseent; but when it is followed by a noun with ال, [or by any ا,] the ذ is mejroorah, as in the saying, إِذِ القَوْمُ كَانُوا نَازِلِينَ بِكَاظِمَهْ [When the people, or company of men, were alighting, or taking up their abode, at Kádhimeh]. (T.) b2: In general, (Mughnee, K,) it is an adverbial noun denoting past time, (M, Mughnee, K,) when it is a noun denoting such time, (Mughnee, K,) as in وَ إِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ [explained above], (M,) and in فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ إِذْ

أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا [also explained above, and in other instances already mentioned]: (Mughnee, K:) in the former of which instances, AO says that it is redundant; (M, Mughnee;) but Aboo-Is-hák says that this is a bold assertion of his; (M;) [and IHsh says,] this assertion is of no account, and so is that of him who says that it here denotes certainty, like قَدْ: (Mughnee:) [J holds the opinion of AO on this point; for he says,] إِذْ is sometimes redundant, like إِذَا, as in the saying in the Kur [ii. 48], وَإِذْ وَاعَدْنَا مُوسَى, meaning وَوَاعَدْنَا مُوسَى [And We appointed a time with Moses; but instances of this kind are most probably elliptical: see the next sentence]. (S.) As a noun denoting past time, it is [said to be] also an objective complement of a verb, as in [the Kur vii. 84,] وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ كُنْتُمْ قَلِيلاً [and remember ye when ye were few]: (Mughnee, K:) and generally in the commencements of narratives in the Kur, it may be an objective complement of أُذْكُرْ understood, as in وَ إِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ [before cited], and the like. (Mughnee: but see the third of the sentences here following.) As such, it is [said to be] also a substitute for the objective complement of a verb, as in [the Kur xix. 16,] وَ اذْكُرْ فِى الْكِتَابِ مَرْيَمَ إِذِ انْتَبَذَتْ [and mention thou, or remember thou, in the Scripture, Mary, the time when she withdrew aside], where اذ is a substitute of implication for مريم. (Mughnee, K: but see the second of the sentences here following.) As such, it also has prefixed to it a noun of time, of such a kind that it is without need thereof, as in يَوْمَئِذٍ, or not of such a kind that it is without need thereof, as in [the Kur iii. 6,] بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا [After the time when Thou hast directed us aright]. (Mughnee, K.) And it is generally asserted, that it never occurs otherwise than as an adverbial noun, or as having a noun prefixed to it; that in the like of وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ كُنْتُمْ قَلِيلاً, it is an adverbial noun relating to an objective complement suppressed, i. e. وَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنْتُمْ قَلِيلاً [And remember ye the grace of God towards you when ye were few]; and in the like of إِذِ انْتَبَذَتْ, that it is an adverbial noun relating to a suppressed prefixed noun to [that which becomes by the suppression] the objective complement of a verb, i. e. [in this instance]

وَ اذْكُرْ قِصَّةَ مَرْيَمَ [And mention thou, or remember thou, the case of Mary]: and this assertion is strengthened by the express mention of the [proper] objective complement in [the Kur iii. 98,] وَ اذْكُروا نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنْتُمْ أَعْدَآءً [And remember ye the grace of God towards you when ye were enemies]. (Mughnee.) b3: Also, (Mughnee, K,) accord. to some, (T, Mughnee,) it is used (T, Mughnee, K) as a noun (Mughnee, K) to indicate future time, (T, Mughnee, K,) and إِذَا is said to denote past time, (T,) [i. e.] each of these occurs in the place of the other; (TA;) the former being used to indicate future time in the Kur [xxxiv. 50], where it is said, وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ فَزِعُوا [And couldst thou see the time when they shall be terrified], meaning the day of resurrection; this usage being allowable, says Fr, only because the proposition is like one expressing a positive fact, since there is no doubt of the coming of that day; (T;) and in [the Kur xcix. 4,] يَوْمَئِذٍ تُحَدِّثُ أَخْبَارَهَا [On that day, she (the earth) shall tell her tidings]; (Mughnee, K;) this being generally regarded as similar to the expression of a future event which must necessarily happen as though it had already happened; but it may be urged in favour of those who hold a different opinion that it is said in the Kur [xl. 72 and 73], فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ إِذِ الأَغلَالُ فِى

أَعْنَاقِهِمْ [They shall hereafter know, when the collars shall be on their necks]; for يعلمون is a future as to the letter and the meaning because of its having سوف conjoined with it, and it governs اذ, which is therefore in the place of إِذَا. (Mughnee.) b4: It also indicates a cause, as in [the Kur xliii. 38,] لَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ إِذْ ظَلَمْتُمْ [It will not profit you this day, since, or because, ye have acted wrongfully], (Mughnee, K,) i. e. because of your having acted wrongfully in the sublunary state of existence; (Bd, Mughnee;) but it is disputed whether it be in this instance a particle in the place of the causative ل, or an adverbial noun: (Mughnee:) Aboo-'Alee seems to hold that اذ ظلمتم [as meaning when ye have acted wrongfully] is a substitute for, or a kind of repetition of, اليوم; an event happening in the present world being spoken of as though it happened in the world to come because the latter immediately follows the former. (IJ, M, L, Mughnee.) Yousay also, الحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ إِذْ جِئْتَ [Praise be to God because, or that, thou camest, or hast come]. (S in art. جيأ.) b5: It is also used to denote one's experiencing the occurrence of a thing when he is in a particular state; (S, L;) or to denote a thing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly; (S, Mughnee, K;) like إِذَا; (S;) and in this case is only followed by a verb expressing an event as a positive fact, (S, L,) and occurs after بَيْنَا and بَيْنَمَا; (Mughnee, K;) as [in exs. voce بَيْنَ; and] in بَيْنَمَا أَنَا كَذَا إِذْ جَآءَ زَيْدٌ [While I was thus, or in this state, lo, or behold, or there, or then, at that time, (accord. to different authorities, as will be seen below,) Zeyd came]; (S, L;) and as in the saying of a poet, اِسْتَقْدِرِ اللّٰهَ خَيْراً وَارْضَيَنَّ بِهِ فَبَيْنَمَاالْعُسْرُ إِذ دَارَتْ مَيَاسِيرُ [Beg thou God to appoint for thee good, and do thou be content therewith; for while there has been difficulty, lo, easy circumstances have come about]: (Mughnee, K: *) but it is disputed whether it be [in this case] an adverbial noun of place, (Mughnee, K,) as Zj and AHei hold; (TA;) or of time, (Mughnee, K,) as Mbr holds; (TA;) or a particle denoting the sudden, or unexpected, occurrence of a thing, (Mughnee, K,) as IB and Ibn-Málik hold; (TA;) or a corroborative, i. e. [grammatically] redundant, particle, (Mughnee, K,) an opinion which Ibn-Ya'eesh holds, and to which Er-Radee inclines. (TA.) b6: It is also a conditional particle, but only used as such coupled with ما, (S, L, Mughnee, *) and causes two aor. sts to assume the mejzoom form, (Mughnee,) as when you say, إِذْمَا تَأْتِنِى آتِكَ [When, or whenever, thou shalt come to me, I will come to thee], like as you say, إِنْ تأْتِنِى وَقْتًا

آتِكَ [If thou come to me at some, or any, time, I will come to thee]; and you say also إِذْمَا أَتَيْتَ [like as you say, إِنْ أَتَيْتَ, using the pret. in the sense of the future]: (S, L:) it is a particle accord. to Sb, used in the manner of the conditional إِنْ; but it is an adverbial noun accord. to Mbr and Ibn-Es-Sarráj and El-Fárisee. (Mughnee.) b7: [What I have translated from the S, L, K, and TA, in this art., is mostly from فصل الهمزة of باب الذال : the rest, from باب الالف اللينّة.]

ظن

1 ظَنَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. ظَنٌّ, (Msb,) [He thought, opined, supposed, or conjectured: and he doubted: and he knew, but not by ocular perception: see ظَنٌّ below:] you say, ظَنَنْتُ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. ظَنٌّ; and ↓ اِظَّنَنْتُهُ and اِظْطَنَنْتُهُ; and ↓ تَظَنَّنْتُهُ and تَظَنَّيْتُهُ, this last formed by changing the last ن into ى: [i. e. I thought the thing, &c:] and Lh mentions, as heard from the Benoo-Suleym, ظَنْتُ ذَاكَ i. e. ظَنَنْتُ ذاك [I thought that, &c.] like ظَلْتُ and other instances of the dial. of Suleym. (M.) [In the first of the senses expl. above, it governs two objective complements, which are originally an inchoative and an enunciative:] you say, ظَنَنْتُكَ زَيْدًا [I thought thee Zeyd, originally I thought thou wast Zeyd], and ظَنَنْتُ زَيْدًا إِيَّاكَ [I thought Zeyd thee, originally I thought Zeyd was thou], denoting by a pronoun what is originally an inchoative [in the former phrase] and what is originally an enunciative [in the latter phrase]. (S, TA.) It is also used [in this sense] in the same manner as a verb signifying an oath, the Arabs giving it the same kind of complement, saying, ظَنَنْتُ لَعَبْدُ اللّٰهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ [I thought surely 'Abd-Allah was better than thou]. (S in art. درد.) [ظَنَّ بِهِ كَذَا means I thought of him, or it, such a thing: and I thought such a thing to be in him, or it: and is used in relation to good and to evil.] It is said in the Kur [xxxiii. 10], وَتَطُنُّونَ بِاللّٰهِ الظُّنُونَا [and ye were thinking, of God, various thoughts]. (M.) Accord. to Sb, ظَنَنْتُ بِهِ means I made him, or it, the place [i. e. object] of my ظَنّ [or thought, &c.]. (M.) [In all these exs. the verb denotes a state of mind between doubt and certainty, but the latter is predominant: and hence ظَنَّ sometimes means He doubted: and sometimes, he knew, by considering with endeavour to understand, not by ocular perception; being more frequently used in this sense than as meaning “ he doubted,” though not so frequently as it is in the sense of “ he thought,” whence the meaning “ he knew ” is held by some to be tropical.] إِنَّى, ظَنَنْتُ أَنِّى مُلَاقٍ حِسَابِيَهْ, in the Kur [lxix. 20], means Verily I knew [that I should meet with my reckoning]. (T.) And الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُلَاقُو رَبِّهِمْ, in the same [ii. 43], means Who know [that they shall meet their Lord, lit., be meeters of their Lord]. (Msb.) And ظَنَنْتُ مَا قَالَ, occurring in a trad., means I knew [what he meant to say by his making a sign with his hand]. (TA.) b2: ظَنَنْتُهُ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) aor. as above, (Msb,) and so the inf. n., (M,) signifies also I suspected him; thought evil of him; (M, Mgh, Msb;) and (M) so ↓ اِظَّنَنْتُهُ (S, M, Mgh, K) and اِظْطَنَنْتُهُ (M, TA) and اِطَّنَنْتُهُ. (TA.) [Thus, too, ↓ أَظْنَنْتُهُ accord. to several copies of the S and accord. to the CK; but this is app. a mistranscription.] In the saying of Ibn-Seereen, لَمْ فِى قَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ ↓ يَكُنْ عَلِىٌّ يُظَّنُّ, (T, S, K, but in the T مَا كَان,) meaning Alee was not suspected [in the case of the slaying of 'Othmán], (T,) يُظَّنُّ is of the measure يُفْتَعَلُ, originally يُظْتَنُّ: (T, S, K:) so says A'Obeyd: (T:) or, as some relate it, the word is يُطَّنُّ. (TA.) One says, بِكَذَا ↓ هُوَ يُظَّنُّ and يُطَّنُّ, meaning He is suspected of such a thing. (TA in art. طن.) and طَنَنْتُ بِزَيْدٍ and ظَنَنْتُ زَيْدًا I suspected Zeyd: in this sense the verb has a single objective complement. (TA.) 4 أَظْنَنْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I made him to think the thing. (M, TA.) b2: And أَظْنَنْتُ بِهِ النَّاسَ [I made the people to suspect him: or] I exposed him to suspicion; (M, Msb, TA;) [and] so أَظنَنْتُهُ [alone]. (K.) b3: See also 1, last quarter.5 التَّظَنِّى means The exercising, employing, or using, of الظَّنّ [i. e. thought, &c.]; originally التَّظَنُّنُ. (S, K.) A'Obeyd says, تَظَنَّيْتُ is from ظَنَنْتُ, and is originally تَظَنَّنْتُ; the ن being many, one of them is changed into ى: it is like قَصَّيْتُ, which is originally قَصَّصْتُ. (T.) A2: See also 1, first sentence.8 إِظْتَنَ3َ see 1, first sentence: b2: and again, in the last quarter, in three places.

ظَنٌّ is a simple subst. as well as an inf. n.; (TA;) and signifies Thought, opinion, supposition, or conjecture: (Er-Rághib, Mgh, TA:) or a preponderant belief, with the admission that the contrary may be the case: (KT, El-Munáwee, TA:) or a preponderating wavering between the two extremes in indecisive belief: (K:) or an inference from a sign, or mark, or token; when strong, leading to knowledge; and when weak, not exceeding the limit of وَهْم: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or doubt or uncertainty; (T, M;) or it has this meaning also; (Er-Rághib, TA;) contr. of يَقِينٌ: (Msb:) and sometimes it is put in the place, (S, K,) or used in the sense, (Mgh, Msb,) of عِلْمٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) or يَقِينٌ, (Msb,) [i. e. knowledge, or certainty,] in which sense it is [held by some to be] tropical; (Mgh;) or it signifies also knowledge, or certainty, (يَقِينٌ, T, M,) such as is obtained by considering with endeavour to understand, not by ocular perception, (M,) or not such as relates to an object of sense: (MF:) and it also means suspicion, or evil opinion: (Er-Rághib, TA: [but in this last sense, ظِنَّةٌ is more common:]) as a subst., (TA,) its pl. is ظُنُونٌ and أَظَانِينُ, (M, K, TA,) the latter anomalous, or (as ISd says, TA) it may be pl. of ↓ أُظْنُونَةٌ, but this I do not know. (M, TA.) One says, هُوَ سَيِّئُ الظَّنِّ بِكُلِّ أَحَدٍ [He is evil in opinion of everyone]. (M.) [And سَآءَ ظَنُّهُ بِفُلَانٍ

His opinion of such a one was evil.] And عِلْمُهُ بِالشَّىْءِ ظُنُونٌ [His knowledge is but opinions]; meaning that no confidence is to be placed in him. (TA.) ظِنَّةٌ Suspicion, or evil opinion; (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also طِنَّةٌ; the ظ being changed into ط, though there is no إِدْغَام in this case, because of their being accustomed to say اِطَّنَّ [for اِظَّنَّ, which is for اِظْطَنَّ]; an instance like الدِّكْرُ, which is made to accord with اِدَّكَرَ [for اِذَّكَرَ, which is for اِذْدَكَرَ], as mentioned by Sb; (M;) and ↓ ظَنَانَةٌ, (so accord. to a copy of the M,) or ↓ ظِنَانَةٌ, like كِتَابَةٌ, (TA,) signifies the same: (M, TA:) the pl. of ظِنَّةٌ is ظِنَنٌ. (S, K.) One says, عِنْدَهُ ظِنَّتِى and هُوَ ظِنَّتِى, meaning He is the place [i. e. object] of my suspicion. (TA.) b2: And [hence] (assumed tropical:) A little [like the French “ soupçon ”] of a thing. (TA.) ظُنَنٌ: see ظَنَّانٌ.

ظَنُونٌ A man who thinks evil (S, M) of everyone. (M.) b2: A man possessing little good or goodness: or, as some say, of whom one asks [a thing] thinking that he will refuse, and who is as he was thought to be: (M:) [or] ↓ ظَنِينٌ has this latter meaning. (TA.) b3: A man in whose goodness no trust, or confidence, is to be placed. (M.) And Anything in which no trust, or confidence, is to be placed, (M, TA,) of water, and of other things; (TA;) as also ↓ ظَنِينٌ. (M, TA.) A well (بِئْرٌ) having little water, (S, M, K,) in the water of which no trust, or confidence, is to be placed: (M:) or a well, (S, K,) or a drinkingplace, (M,) of which one knows not whether there be in it water or not: (S, M, K:) or water which one imagines, or supposes, to exist, but of which one is not sure. (TA.) كُلُّ مَنِيَّةٍ ظَنُونٌ

إِلَّا القَتْلَ فِى سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ is a saying mentioned, but not expl., by IAar; [app. meaning Every death is doubtful as to its consequence except slaughter in the way, or cause, of God; but ISd says,] in my opinion the meaning is that it is of little good and profit. (M.) دَيْنٌ ظَنُونٌ means A debt of which one knows not whether he who owes it will pay it or not: (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, * K:) it is said in a trad. of 'Omar that there is no poorrate in the case of such a debt. (TA.) b4: Also A man suspected in relation to his intellect, or intelligence. (Aboo-Tálib, TA.) And A woman suspected in relation to her grounds of pretension to respect, or honour, on account of lineage &c. (TA.) And A woman of noble rank or quality, who is taken in marriage, (M, K,) from a desire of obtaining off spring by her, when she is advanced in age. (M.) b5: Also A weak man. (K. [See also ظَنينٌ.]) b6: And A man having little artifice, cunning, ingenuity, or skill. (K.) ظَنِينٌ Suspected; (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) applied to a man; (S, M;) i. q. ↓ مَظْنُونٌ, (Mbr, Msb,) in this sense: (Msb:) pl. أَظِنَّآءُ. (M, TA.) Thus in the saying in the Kur [lxxxi. 24], وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِظَنِينٍ, (T, M, Msb,) meaning And he is not suspected as to what he makes known from God, of the knowledge of that which is undiscoverable, as is related on the authority of 'Alee: or, accord. to Fr, it may mean weak; for ظَنِينٌ may have this meaning like as ظَنُونٌ has: (T:) some read بِضَنينٍ. (TA in art. ضن, q. v.) شَهَادَةُ ظَنِينٍ, which is said in a trad. to be not allowable, is The testimony of one who is suspected as to his religion. (TA.) And نَفْسٌ

↓ ظَنَّآءُ means [A soul, or person,] suspected. (TA.) b2: Also One who treats or regards another, or others, with enmity, or hostility; (T, M;) because of his evil opinion and the evil opinion of which he is an object. (M.) b3: See also ظَنُونٌ, in two places.

ظَنَانَةٌ or ظِنَانَةٌ: see ظِنَّةٌ.

ظَنَّآءُ: see ظَنِينٌ.

ظَنَّانٌ One who opines, or conjectures, much [and] in an evil manner; as also ↓ ظُنَنٌ. (TA.) أَظَنُّ [Such as is more, or most, fit that one should think of him to do a thing]. You say, نَظَرْتُ إِلَى أَظَنِّهِمْ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ I looked towards him who was the most fit of them that I should think of him to do that. (M, TA.) أُظْنُونَةٌ: see ظَنٌّ, near the end.

مَظِنَّةٌ, (M, Mgh, Msb, TA,) of which مَظَنَّةٌ, mentioned by Ibn-Málik and others, and مِظَنَّةٌ, are dial. vars., (TA,) or [rather] مَظِنَّةُ شَىْءٍ, (IF, S, Msb, K, TA,) signifies The place, (IF, S, Msb, K, TA,) and the accustomed place, (IF, S, Msb, TA,) in which is thought to be the existence, (S, K, TA,) of a thing; (IF, S, Msb, K, TA;) [a place] where a thing is thought to be: (M:) or it signifies, (Mgh, Msb,) or signifies also, (S,) a place where a thing is known to be: (S, Mgh, Msb:) [a thing, and a person, in which, or in whom, a thing, or quality, is thought, supposed, presumed, suspected, inferred, known, or accustomed, to be, or exist:] accord. to IAth, by rule it should be مَظَنَّةٌ: (TA:) [it may therefore be properly rendered a cause of thinking, &c., the existence of a thing; and مَظِنَّةٌ لِكَذَا may be well expl. as meaning a thing, and a person, that occasions one's thinking, supposing, presuming suspecting, inferring, or knowing, the existence of such a thing or quality, in it, or in him: and hence, an indication, or evidence, or a symptom, diagnostic, characteristic, sign, mark, or token, of the existence of such a thing or quality:] the pl. is مَظَانُّ. (M, Mgh, Msb, TA.) One says, مَوْضِعُ كَذَا مَظِنَّةٌ مِنْ فُلَانٍ i. e. Such a place is a place in which such a one is known [&c.] to be. (S, TA.) And فُلَانٌ مَظِنَّةٌ مِنْ كَذَا i. e. Such a one is one in whom such a thing, or quality, is known [&c.] to be. (Lh, T.) And فُلَانٌ مَظِنَّةٌ لِلْخَيْرِ i. e. Such a one is one in whom good, or goodness, is thought [&c.] to be. (Ham p. 437.) And En-Nábighah says, فَإِنْ يَكُ عَامِرٌ قَدْ قَالَ جَهْلًا فَإِنَّ مَظِنَّةَ الجَهْلِ الشَّبَابُ [And if 'Ámir has spoken ignorantly, verily youthfulness is a state in which ignorance is usually found to exist]: (S, Msb: *) or, as some relate the verse, السِّبَابُ [so that the meaning is, mutual reviling is an act in which &c.]: (S:) or, accord. to another relation, the latter hemistich is فَإِنَّ مَطِيَّةَ الجَهْلِ الشَّبَابُ (S, * TA;) because one finds it [i. e. youthfulness] to be easy like as he does the beast on which one rides. (TA.) And one says also, طَلَبَهُ مَظَانَّهُ [He sought him, or it, in the places where he, or it, was thought to be;] meaning, by night and by day. (TA.) And إِنَّهُ لَمَظِنَّةٌ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ i. e. Verily he is apt, meet, fitted, or suited, for one to think of his doing that: and in like manner one says of two, and of a pl. number, and of a female. (Lh, M.) مَظْنُونٌ [Thought, opined, &c.: see its verb: and] see ظَنِينٌ. Applied to a narrative, or story, it means [Doubted; or] of which one is not to be made to know the real state. (TA in art. رجم.) In lexicology, A word of the class termed آحَادٌ [q. v.]. (Mz 3rd نوع.)

رجز

1 رَجِزَ, [aor. ـَ (S,) inf. n. رَجَزٌ, (TA,) He (a camel) had the disease termed رَجَزٌ [expl. below]. (S.) A2: رَجَزَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. رَجْزٌ, (TA,) He said, spoke, uttered, or recited, poetry, or verse, of the metre termed رَجَزٌ; [see this word below;] he spoke in verse of that metre; he poetized, or versified, in that metre; as also ↓ ارتجز; (S, * Msb, K, * TA;) and in like manner ↓ ارجز, he composed verses of that metre. (Ibn-Buzurj, L in art. قصد.) You say also, رَجَزَبِهِ He recited to him (أَنْشَدَهُ [so in more than one MS. copy of the K, and in the TA, but in the CK أَنْشَدَ, without the affixed pronoun, which is probably wrong,]) a poem of that metre; as also ↓ رجّزهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. تَرْجِيزٌ. (TA.) And ↓ ترجّز He urged, or excited, his camels by singing رَجَز, or his رَجَز: so accord. to different copies of the K. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] رَجَزَتِ الرِّيحُ, inf. n. رَجْزٌ, (assumed tropical:) The wind was continuous, or lasting. (TA.) And الرَّعْدُ ↓ ارتجز (tropical:) The thunder made uninterrupted sounds, like the recitation of the رَاجِز: (A, TA:) or, as also ↓ ترجّز, made a sound: (K:) or made consecutive sounds. (TA.) and بَآذِيِّهِ ↓ البَحْرُ يَرْتَجِزُ (tropical:) [The sea makes a continuous sound, or murmuring, with its waves]; as also ↓ يَتَرَجَّزُ. (A, TA.) [And hence, perhaps,] ↓ ترجّز السَّحَابُ (tropical:) The clouds moved slowly by reason of the abundance of their water. (K, TA.) [See also 6.]2 رجّزهُ: see 1.3 راجز صَاحِبَهُ [He recited verses, or poetry, of the metre termed رَجَز with his companion: or vied with him in doing so: see 6]. (A.) 4 أَرْجَزَ see 1.5 تَرَجَّزَ see 1, in four places.6 تراجزوا i. q. تَنَازَعُوا الرَّجَزَ بَيْنَهُمْ, (A, K,) and تَعَاطَوْهُ, (TA,) i. e. They recited verses, or poetry, of the metre termed رَجَز, one with another: (TK:) [or vied, one with another, in doing so.] b2: [Hence,] تراجز السَّحَابُ (tropical:) [The clouds combined, one with another, in uninterrupted thundering]. (A.) [See also 1.]8 إِرْتَجَزَ see 1, in three places.

رُجْزٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places.

رِجْزٌ properly signifies Commotion, agitation, or convulsion; and consecutiveness of motions. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) Punishment (Aboo-Is-hák, S, Mgh, Msb, K) [like رِجْسٌ] that agitates by its vehemence, and occasions vehement consecutive commotions; (Aboo-Is-hák, Mgh, * TA;) as also ↓ رُجْزٌ: (K:) so in the Kur vii. 131; (Aboo-Is-hák;) and in ii. 56, and vii. 162, and xxix. 33. (S.) b3: Conduct that leads to punishment: so, accord. to some, in the Kur lxxiv. 5; (TA;) where some read الرِّجْزَ and others ↓ الرُّجْزَ: (S, TA:) ↓ the latter is also expl. as signifying sin: (TA:) and both, uncleanness; or filth: (S, K:) so in that instance: like رِجْسٌ: (S:) and polytheism; or the associating of another, or others, with the true God: (K, TA:) so, accord to some, in that instance: because he who worships what is not God is in doubt respecting his case, and unsettled in his belief: (TA:) and the worship of idols: (K:) so, accord. to some, in the same instance: (TA:) or the meaning there is and idol: (Mujáhid, S:) or ↓ the latter word signifies a certain idol; being the name thereof: (Katádeh, TA:) and the devil: and his suggestions. (TA.) b4: Also Plague, or pestilence; syn. طَاعُونٌ. (Mgh.) رَجَزٌ A certain disease which attacks camels, in the rump; (S, K;) so that when a she-camel rises, or is roused, her thighs tremble for a while, and then stretch out: (S:) or it is when there is a convulsive motion in the hind leg or the thighs of a camel, when he desires to stand up, or rises, or is roused, for a while, and then a stretching out of the same. (TA.) A2: Hence, (S,) الرَّجَزُ is the name of A certain species [or kind] of verse or poetry; (S, A, K;) a species [or kind] of the metres of verse; (Msb;) consisting of the measure مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ [primarily] six times: (K:) a metre easy to the ear and impressive to the mind; wherefore it may be reduced to a single hemistich, and also to two feet instead of six: (TA:) so called because it commences with a motion and a quiescence, [i. e., a movent and a quiescent letter,] followed by a motion and a quiescence; and so in the other feet; resembling the رَجَز in a she-camel, which consists in her quivering and then being quiet: (TA:) or because of the contractedness of its feet, and the fewness of its letters: (S, K:) or because it is [characterized by] صُدُور without أَعْجَاز [lit. breasts without rumps; for, as the two hemistichs generally rhyme with each other, the verse seems as though it had no عَجُز; i. e., as though its last foot should rather be called عَرُوضٌ, like the last of the first hemistich, than عَجُزٌ:] (TA:) Akh once said, رَجَزٌ, with the Arabs, is whatever consists of three feet; and it is that [kind of verse] which they sing in their work, and in driving their camels: [see بِذْلَةٌ, last sentence:] ISd says that certain of those in whom he placed confidence related this on the authority of Kh. (TA.) Some say that it is not verse, or poetry, but a kind of rhyming prose; but Kh held it to be true verse, or poetry: so in the M: but in the T it is said [as in the K] that Kh asserted it to be not poetry, but halves or thirds of verses: one of his reasons for this assertion [the only one that seems to have had much weight with the Muslims] is, that Mo-hammad once said, أَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبْ أَنَا النَّبِىُّ لَا كَذِبْ [which is an instance of a species of رَجَز, meaning, “I am the Prophet: it is no lie: I am the son of 'Abd-el-Muttalib ”]: and were this verse, he would not have said it, as is shown by what is said in the Kur., xxxvi. 69: but on this point, Akh has contended against him. (TA.) رِجَازَةٌ A certain vehicle for women, (S, * TA,) a thing smaller than the هَوْدَج: (S, K, TA:) pl. رَجَائِزُ: (TA:) or a [garment of the kind called]

كِسَآء, (S, K, TA,) in which is a stone, (K, TA, [in the CK a while stone,]) or in which are put stones, (S,) and which is suspended to one of the two sides of the هودج, to balance it, when it inclines: (S, TA:) so called because of its commotion: (TA:) or a thing consisting of a pillow and skins, or hides, put in one of its two sides for that purpose, and called رِجَازَةُ المَيْلِ: (T, TA:) or hair, (K,) or red hair, (TA,) or wool, suspended to the هورج, (K, TA,) for ornament: pl. رَجَائِزُ, said to occur in a verse of EshShemmákh: but accord. to As, this is a mistake for جَزَائِزُ [pl. of جَزِيزَةٌ, q. v.]. (TA.) رَجَّازٌ and رَجَّازَةٌ: see رَاجِزٌ; the latter, in two places.

رَاجِزٌ One who utters, or recites, poetry, or verse, of the metre termed رَجَزٌ; who speaks in verse of that metre; who poetizes, or versifies, in that metre: and in like manner, ↓ مُرْتَجِزٌ, and ↓ رَجَّازٌ [which signifies one who does so much], and ↓ رَجَّازَةٌ [one who does so very much]. (TA.) El-'Ajjáj has been placed the highest in rank as a راجز. (Mz, 49th نوع.) [His son, Ru-beh, seems to occupy nearly an equal place. Each of them composed a complete deewán of رَجَز.] b2: [Hence,] ↓ سَحَابَةٌ رَجَّازَةٌ (tropical:) [A cloud thundering much, or uninterruptedly]. (A, TA.) And ↓ غَيْثٌ مُرْتَجِزٌ, and ↓ مُتَرَجِّزٌ, (tropical:) Rain accompanied by thunder. (TA.) أَرْجَزُ A camel having the disease termed رَجَزٌ: fem. رَجْزَآءُ: (S, K:) the latter is explained as signifying weak in the rump, that does not move from her place unless after twice or thrice rising from the place where she lay: and that does not rise, when she desires to do so, unless after vehement trembling. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] إِنَّهَا لَرَجْزَآءُ, said of the wind (الرِّيح), (assumed tropical:) Verily it is continuous, or lasting. (TA.) And رَجْزَآءُ القِيَامِ (tropical:) A great, heavy cooking-pot. (TA.) أُرْجُوزَةٌ A poem of the metre termed رَجَزٌ: (Msb, K:) pl. أَرَاجِيزُ. (A, K.) مُرْتَجِزٌ: see رَاجِزٌ; the former, in two places.

مُتَرَجِّزٌ: see رَاجِزٌ; the former, in two places.

بد

أ1 بَدَأَ بِهِ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Mgh, K,) inf. n. بَدْءٌ, (T, S, M, Msb,) i. q. به ↓ ابتدأ; (S, Msb, K;) [He began with it;] he made it to have precedence, or to be first; gave precedence to it; syn. قَدَّمَهُ: (Mgh, Msb:) in the dial. of the Ansár, بَدِئَ به is used in this sense of قدّمه; (M;) or بَدِىَ به [without ء]; (IKtt, TA; [see بَدةءٌ;]) [and بَدَى به; see art. بدى;] and به ↓ ابدأ signifies the same. (Msb.) [So in the Kur xii. 76, فَبَدَأَ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ قَبْلَ وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِ And he began with their bags, before the bags of his brother. and بَدَأَهُ is sometimes used in the sense of بَدَأَ بِهِ; whence, in the Kur ix. 13, وَهُمْ بَدَؤُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ

And they, it was, began with you the first time; i. e., as Bd says, by acting with hostility, and fighting.] You say also, بَدَّا ثُمَّ عَادَ He began, or did a first time, or the first time: then repeated, or did a second time. (Az, TA in art. عود.) and بَدَأَ فِىِ الأَمْرِ [He began, or made a beginning, in the affair.] (M.) b2: بَدَأَ also signifies It (a thing) began; began to be; originated; or came into existence. (Msb.) [See also 5.]

A2: بَدَأَ الشَّيْءَ, (S, M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) [He began the thing; commenced it; set about it; as also ↓ ابتدأهُ: accord. to the Mgh, the latter has this meaning, or, agreeably with the authority of the M and K, the meaning which here next follows:] he did the thing first, for the first time, by way of beginning, or originally; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ ابدأهُ and ↓ ابتدأهُ; (M, K;) i. e., not after the example of anything preceding. (TA. [But this addition seems rather to belong to another explanation to be mentioned below.]) One does not say, زَيْدًا ↓ ابتدأ nor بَدَأَهُ, because these two verbs [signifying as last explained above] do not have for their objects corporeal things. (Mgh.) [El-Mutanakhkhil El-Hudhalee uses the phrase سَأَبْدُؤُهُمْ بِمَشْمَعِةٍ I will begin with them (meaning his guests) by sporting and jesting; like the phrase in the Kur ix. 13 cited above: but different from these is the saying in the Kur xxxii. 6, وَبَدَأَ خَلْقِ الْإِنْسَانِ مِنْ طِينٍ And He began the creation of man from clay.] The saying, ↓ فَإِنْ كَانَ السَّبُعُ ابْتَدَأَهُ means ابتدأ أَخْذَهُ

أَوْ عَضَّهُ [But if the beast, or bird, of prey has begun the seizing of him, or the biting of him]; the noun that is prefixed [to the pronoun] being suppressed. (Mgh.) You say also, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى

الأَمْرِ ↓ ابْتِدَآءِ That was in the beginning, or first, of the affair. (Msb.) [See also بَدْءٌ, below.] b2: He originated the thing; brought it into being or existence; made it, or produced it, for the first time, it not having been before; (Mgh;) [and] so ↓ ابدأهُ, said [of God, and] of a man, as the agent; (Msb;) and ↓ ابتدأهُ. (Mgh in art. بدع.) [Hence,] بَدَأَ اللّٰهُ الخَلْقَ, and ↓ أَبْدَأَهُمْ, God created, or brought into existence, mankind, or the created beings: (M, Msb, K:) both signify the same. (S.) البَاطِلُ وَمَا يُعِيدُ ↓ مَا يُبْدِئُ [in the Kur xxxiv. 48, means What doth that which is false, or the Devil, originate, or produce in the first instance? and what doth it, or he, reproduce after it hath perished?]: Zj says that مَا, here, is in the place of an accus., meaning in each Instance أَىَّ شَىْءٍ: or it may be a negative; and الباطل here is Iblees; i. e., Iblees createth not, nor raiseth to life after death. (M.) You say also, وَمَا يُعِيدُ ↓ مَا يُبْدِئُ, meaning وَلَا ↓ مَا يَتَكَلَّمُ عَائِدَةٍ, (S, K,) i. e. He does not say anything for the first time, nor anything for the second time; or anything original, nor anything in the way of repetition; الكَلَامِ ↓ بَادِئَةُ signifying what is said for the first time; and عَائِدَةُ الكَلَامِ, what is said for the second time, afterwards: (TA:) or he says not anything: (A in art. عود:) and he has no art, artifice, or cunning. (IAar, TA in art. عود; and A in the present art.) b3: بَدَأَ البِئْرَ He dug the well [for the first time: see بَدِىْءٌ]. (Msb.) A3: بَدَأَ مِنْ أَرْضٍ إِلَى أَرْضٍ, (T,) or مِنْ أَرْضِهِ, (K,) He went forth from a land to a land, or from his land; as also ↓ ابدأ. (T, K.) A4: بُدِئَ, (inf. n. as above, S, M, K,) He (a man, S, M) had the small-pox: (Az, As, T, S, M, K:) or the حَصْبَة [i. e. measles, or spotted fever]: (S, M, K:) or, as Az says, and the حصبة: (T:) or, as Lh says, there came forth upon him pustules resembling the small-pox: but he adds, some say, the small-pox itself: (M:) the epithet applied to a person affected therewith is ↓ مَبْدُوْءٌ. (Az, As, Lh, T, S, M.) b2: Also He fell sick. (IAth, TA.) In a trad. of ' Áïsheh occur the words, فِى اليَوْمِ الَّذِى بُدِئَ فِيهِ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ [meaning In the day in which the Apostle of God fell sick]: and IAth says, مَتَى بُدِئَ فُلَانٌ meaning When did such a one fall sick? is a phrase used in inquiring respecting the living [who has been attacked by illness] and respecting the dead. (TA.) 4 ابدأ: see 1, in seven places. b2: Also He did a new thing; a thing unknown before; or a strange, or wonderful, thing. (S, * TA.) b3: and He voided excrement, or ordure; or broke wind; syn. نَجَا; [as also أَبْدَى;] said of a man. (M.) b4: And He put forth his second teeth; said of a child; (M;) and of a colt. (TA voce أَحْفَرَ, q. v.) 5 تبدّأ He, or it, began, or made a beginning. (KL.) [See also 1. Golius mentions, but without giving the authority, and without the vowel-signs, the saying, هَاتِ القِصَّةَ مِنْ ذِى تُبُدِّئَتْ; but writing the last word تبديت, stating only that it is in the passive form; as meaning Relate thou the story, or history, from the beginning.]8 إِبْتَدَاَ see 1, in seven places. b2: ابتدأهُ بِوَعْدٍ He made him a promise in anticipation; without his asking it of him. (M in art. انف.) بَدءٌ inf.n. of 1; (T, S, M, Msb;) [The act of beginning;] or the doing a thing first. (M.) Yousay, لَكَ البَدْءُ, (M, K,) and ↓ البُدْءُ, (As, TA,) and ↓ البَدْأَةُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ البُدْأَةُ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ البِدْأَةُ, (L,) and ↓ البَدَآءَةُ, (M, K,) and ↓ البُدَآءَةُ, (S, M, K,) and البُدَاهَةُ, with ه substituted for ء, (M, Mtr,) and ↓ البِدَآءَةُ, (Mtr, TA,) and, accord. to IKtt, البِدَايَةُ, but see what follows, (TA,) and ↓ البَدِئَةُ, (M, K,) and ↓ البُدَّآءَةُ, (Az, TA,) It is for thee to begin, (S, M, Msb, K,) before any other, in shooting or casting, &c.: (S:) as to البِدَايَةُ, mentioned above, accord. to Mtr [and Fei], (TA,) it is a vulgar word, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) as IB and several others have stated, (Msb, TA, *) a corruption of ↓ البِدَآءَةُ, (Mgh, Msb,) signifying the first; as also ↓ البُدَآءَةُ; and ↓ البَدْأَةُ: (Msb:) but IKtt says that it is a word of the dial. of the Ansár; بَدَأْتُ بِالشَّىْءِ and بَدِيتُ بِهِ signifying قَدَّمْتُهُ: [see 1:] and he cites the following verse of Ibn-Rawáhah: وَلَوْ عَبَدْنَا غَيْرَهُ شَقِينَا بِاسْمِ الْإِلَاهِ وَ بِهِ بَدِينَا [In the name of God, and with it we begin; and if we worshipped any other than Him, we should be miserable]: see art. بدى. (TA. [This verse is also cited in the S in art. بدو, where, in one copy I find it as above; in another, with بَدَيْنَا instead of بَدِيْنَا.]) And you say, فَعَلَهُ عَوْذَا وَبَدْءًا, (T, S,) and عَوْدَهُ عَلَي بَدْئِهِ, (M,) and فِى عَوْدِهِ وَبَدْئِهِ, and ↓ فِى عَوْدَتِهِ وَبَدْأَتِهِ, (S, M,) [He did it returning and beginning again; or returning to his beginning; i. e. he did it again from the beginning; he recommenced it: or you say this] meaning like as is meant by the saying next following. (TA.) رَجَعَ عَوْدَهُ عَلَى بَدْئِهِ, (S, K,) and عَوْدًا عَلَى بَدْءٍ, in both of which [and in the last following] the verb may be trans., and the noun following therefore in the accus. case, (TA,) and فِى عَوْدِهِ وَبَدْئِهِ, and ↓ فِى عَوْدَتِهِ وَبَدْأَتِهِ, [in both of which, if correct, the verb must be intrans.,] and عَوْدًا وَبَدْءًا, [as though meaning عَائِدًا وَبَادِئًا, used as a phrase denotative of state,] (K,) [but in this last, and the two next preceding, accord. to the TA, the verb should be فَعَلَهُ, as in the next preceding sentence, instead of رَجَعَ, and this is confirmed by what is said in the K in art. عود,] He returned in the way whence he had come: (S, K:) [accord. to the TA, the literal meaning of the first and second may be he made his returning to revert to his beginning, and he made a returning to revert to a beginning:] or the meaning of the first, (Sb, TA in art. عود, and K in that art.,) and of the second, (K in that art.,) is, he returned without stopping after he had gone away: (Sb, K:) and sometimes it signifies the stopping in one's coming and then returning: (Sb:) [and it returned to its first state; it recommenced:] and you say, رَجَعْتُ عَوْدِى عَلَى

بَدْئِى, meaning I returned like as I had come. (Sb ubi suprà.) b2: Also First, or former; preceding all others, or preceding another; as also ↓ البَدْءُ بَدِىْءٌ; and البَدِىءُ being syn. with الأَوَّلُ. (S, K.) Hence the saying, اِفْعَلْهُ بَادِى بَدْءٍ, and ↓ بَادِى بَدِىْءٍ, meaning Do thou it the first thing, or the first of everything; [accord. to different copies of the S;] the ى in بادى being quiescent, in the place of the accus. case, accord. to usage; and sometimes they omit the [altogether], on account of frequent use [of the phrase], as will be stated in art. بدو, (S in the present art.,) saying بَادِى بَدٍ, and بَادِىبَدِى (S in art. بدو.) You say also, اِفْعَلْهُ بَدْءًا, and أَوَّلَ بَدْءٍ, (Th, M, K,) and بَدْءَ بَدْءٍ, (CK,) and بَدَا بَدْءٍ, (M, K,) and بَدْءٍ ↓ بَادِئَ, (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K,) and بَادِىَ بَدٍ, (K,) and بَادِىْ بَدًا, (M, K, [in the CK بَادِىْ بَدٍ,]) and بَادِىْ بَدًا, (M,) and بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَادَئَ, (K,) and بَادِىْ بَدَا, (M, K,) and ↓ بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَادِئَ, (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, CK,) and بَدِىٍّ ↓ بَادِئَ, which is anomalous, (M,) or بَادِىَ بَدِّىِ, (K,) and بَادِىْ بَدِيٍّ, (Fr, A'Obeyd, T, S, M,) and ↓ بَدِئٍ ↓ بَادِئَ, (S, CK,) or ↓ بَادِىَ بَدِئٍ, (K, TA,) and بَادِىْ

↓ بَدْأَةَ, (M, K, TA,) the former word being the act. part. n. of بَدِىَ, which is of the dial. of the Ansár, as mentioned above, and the latter being indecl., with fet-h for its termination, (TA, [in the CK the latter word is written بَدْءَة,]) and بَدْءٍ ↓ بَدْأَةَ, (CK,) and ↓ بَدْأَةَ بَدْأَةَ, (M, K,) and ↓ بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَدْأَةَ, (S,) and بَدْءٍ ↓ بَدِىْءَ, (S, CK,) and بَدْءَ ذِى بَدْءٍ, (Fr, T,) and ذِى بَدْءٍ ↓ بَدْأَةَ, (Fr, T, S, K,) and ↓ بَدْأَةَ ذِى بَدْأَةٍ, and ↓ ذِى بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَدْأَةَ, (S, K,) and ↓ ذِي بَدَآءَةَ ↓ بَدَأَةَ, (K, TA,) not بداءة [as in the CK], (TA,) and ↓ بَدِىْءَ ذِى بَدِىْءٍ, (S, K, TA, [in the CK the last word is written بَدْءٍ,]) and ↓ ذِى بَدِىْءٍ ↓ بَدَآءَةِ, (K,) meaning Do thou it the first thing; (Fr, T, K;) so in a correct copy [of the K, and so I find in a MS. copy of the K and in the CK]: accord. to another copy, the first of everything: (TA:) or the first of first; (S;) thus in the L: (TA:) the words here put in the accus. case [literally or virtually] are so put [in some instances] as adverbial nouns; or, accord. to MF, they may be [in some instances] denotatives of state, with respect to the agent; the meaning being اِفْعَلْهُ حَالَةَ كَوْنِكَ بَادِئًا, i. e. مُبْتَدِئَا بِهِ [lit. do thou it in the state of thy being beginning it]. (TA.) [In like manner,] you also say, بَدْءَ الرَّأْىِ, and [more commonly] الرَّأْىِ ↓ بَادِئَ, At first thought; or on the first opinion: (Lh, M:) [بَدْءُ الرَّأْىِ and] الرَّأْىِ ↓ بَادِئُ signifying the first, and beginning, of the idea, thought, opinion, or judgment; or what is perceived before considering well or thoroughly: (M:) [and بَدْءٌ alone signifying a first idea, thought, opinion, or judgment; as is implied in the A, voce صَيُّورٌ, q. v.:] hence, الرَّأْيِ ↓ فَعَلَهُ فِى بَادِئِ [He did it at first thought, &c.]: (M:) and الرَّأْىِ تُرِيدُ ↓ أَنْتَ بَادِئَ ظُلْمَنَا, and الرأى ↓ مُبْتَدَأَ, i.e. Thou at first thought, &c., desirest to wrong us: and one says also, بَادِىَ الرأى, without; meaning on the occasion of what appeared of opinion; i. e. at the first of what appeared thereof; [or at the first opinion's presenting itself;;] in which case, the phrase does not belong to this art. [but to art. بدو]: it occurs in the Kur xi. 29: (M:) AA alone there read بَادِئَ, with; all the other readers pronounced it without ء (TA.) b3: Also A chief, or lord, (S, M, Msb, K,) who occupies the first place in chieftainship or lordship: (S:) or, as some say, a youth, or young man, whose judgment, or opinion, is deemed good, and who is consulted: (M:) or it signifies also an intelligent youth or young man: (K:) pl. بُدُوْءٌ. (M.) A poet (namely, Ows Ibn-Maghrà Es-Saadee, TA) says, ثُنْيَانُنَا إِنْ أَتَاهُمْ كَانَ بَدْأَهُمُ وَبَدْؤُهُمْ إِنْ أَتَانَا كِانَ ثُنْيَانَا [Our second chief, if he came to them, would be their first chief; and their first chief, if he came to us, would be a second chief]. (S.) b4: Also, and ↓ بَدْأَةٌ, A share, or portion, of a slaughtered camel: (S, K:) or the best share or portion thereof: (T:) or the former word has the latter signification; and the latter word, the former signification: and the former signifies also a bone with the meat, or flesh, that is on it: (M:) and a joint; syn. مَفْصِلٌ; (AA, T, M;) and so بَدًا q.v.: (AA, T:) the pl. [of pauc.] of بَدْءٌ is أَبْدَآءٌ (S, M, K) and [of mult.] بُدُوْءٌ; (S, K;) the former of which is the more common: (TA:) or this is pl. of بَدًا. (AA, T.) The shares abovementioned [as commonly divided for the game called المَيْسِر q. v.] are ten; namely, the two haunches, the two thighs properly so called, the two thighs commonly so called (i. e. the tibiæ), the two shoulders, and the two arms; which last are the worst, because of the many veins [therein]. (TA.) b5: See also بَدِىْءٌ.

بُدءٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence.

بَدِئٌ: see بَادِئَ بَدِئٍ, or بَادِىَ بَدِئٍ, voce بَدءٌ.

بَدْأَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ, in thirteen places. b2: Also The beginning, or outward course, of a military expedition; opposed to رَجْعَةٌ, meaning the returning, or homeward course, thereof: occurring in a trad., in which it is said that the Prophet gave, in the case of the former, a fourth [of the spoil], and in the case of the latter, a third; i.e., when a troop went forth from the main body of the army and attacked a party of the enemy, they were to have a fourth of the spoil that they took, and the rest of the army was to share with them the remaining three fourths; and if a troop did so in returning, they were to have a third of all the spoil that they took, because of the greater difficulty and danger attending this case. (T, Mgh.) b3: كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى بَدْأَتِنَا, and ↓ بُدْأَتِنَا, and ↓ بِدْأَتِنَا, (K,) and ↓ بَدَآءَتِنَا, (Lh, M, TA,) and ↓ بُدَآءَتِنَا, and ↓ بِدَآءَتِنَا, (TA,) and ↓ بَدَأَتِنَا, (Lh, M, K,) but [ISd says,] I know not how that is, (M,) and ↓ مُبْدَئِنَا, and ↓ مُبْدَئِنَا, (K,) and ↓ مَبْدَأَتِنَا, (Lh, M, and so in some copies of the K,) or مَبْدَاتِنَا, (so in other copies of the K,) thus in the بَاهِر of Ibn-'Odeys [in the CK Ibn-'Adebbes], (K,) which is said to indicate that we should hesitate respecting them [before admitting them to be of classical authority], are phrases meaning That was in the first of our state, and in our adolescence. (TA.) A2: Also, (so in a copy of the M, there written بَدْأَة,) or ↓ بُدْأَةٌ, with damm, (K,) A certain plant; (M;) a black thing, resembling a truffle (كَمْء), of which no use is made: so says AHn. (M.) بُدْأَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence: and see بَدْأَةٌ, in two places.

بِدْأَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence: and see بَدْأَةٌ بَدَأَةٌ: see بَدْأَةٌ.

بَدَآءٌ, with medd; [Excrement from the anus; as also بَدَّا;] a subst. from أَبْدَأَ, as meaning نَجَا. (M.) بَدِىْءٌ: see بَدْءٌ, as signifying First, or former; in eight places. b2: Also, applied to a thing, or an affair, i. q بَدِيعٌ, (S, and so in a copy of the K,) or مُبْدَعٌ: (so in other copies of the K:) [thus it signifies] Originated; brought into being or existence; made, or produced, for the first time, not having been before, or not after the similitude of any former thing: (TA:) and created: (M, K:) and wonderful: (M, Msb, TA:) and strange, or extraordinary, as not being after the similitude of any former thing. (TA.) b3: [Hence, as is implied in the Mgh,] بِئْرٌ بَدِىْءٌ A well newly dug; (T, Mgh, Msb;) i. q. بَدِيعٌ; (M;) or dug since the era of ElIslám (S, K;) not ancient; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ بَدْءٌ: (S:) the former epithet [in this sense] is generally pronounced [بَدِىٌّ] without ء: (T:) the well thus called is one dug in a waste land that has no owner: (TA:) AO says, (TA,) this epithet, and بَدِيع, are applied to a well when thou hast dug it; but if thou findest it to have been dug before thee, it is termed خَفِيَّة; and thus the well of Zemzem is termed خفيّة, because it was Ismá'eel's, and was filled up or covered over [after his time]: (T, TA:) the term قَلِيب is [said to be] applied to an ancient well of which neither the owner nor the digger is known: (TA:) it is said in a trad., that the حَرِيم of a well such as is termed بدىء [i. e. the space surrounding it and belonging to it] is five-and-twenty cubits: (T, S: [but see حَرِيمٌ:]) the pl. is بُدُوْءٌ: (M:) and AO says that بُودَانٌ is pl. of بَدِىْءٌ applied to a well, and is syn. with قُلْبَانٌ [a pl. of قَلِيبٌ which I have not found elsewhere] and رَكَايَا, being formed by transposition of letters from بُدْيَانٌ [which is for بُدْآنٌ, as بَدِىٌّ is for بَدِىْءٌ; the د and ى being transposed, the word becomes بُيْدَانٌ, and this, by a rule of permutation, becomes بُودَانٌ]. (TA.) بَدَآءَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ, in three places: and see بَدْأَةٌ: and بَدِئَةٌ, in two places.

بُدَآءَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ, in two places: and see بَدْأَةٌ: and for the former, see also بَدِئَْةٌ.

بِدَآءَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ, in two places: and see بَدْأَةٌ: and for the former, see also بَدِئَةٌ.

بَدِيْئَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence. b2: Also, (M, K,) and ↓ بَدَآءَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ بُدَآءَةٌ, (M,) i. q. بَدِيهَةٌ, (K,) and بَدَاهَةٌ, (TA,) or بُدَاهَةٌ, i. e. The first occurrence of a thing, that happens to one unexpectedly: (M:) [or the first of anything: and an occurrence thereof by which one is taken unawares: accord. to explanations in the K in art. بده:] pl. of the first, بَدَايَا. (TA.) b3: [And all app. signify The faculty of extemporizing; like بَدِيهَةٌ (q. v.) &c.] You say, جَيِّدَةٍ ↓ فُلَانٌ ذُو بَدَآءَةٍ, i. e. بَدِيهَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ, [meaning] Such a one has a good faculty of extemporizing; or of uttering, or relating, things by means of the promptness of his intelligence. (TA.) بُدَّآءَةٌ: see بَدْءٌ; second sentence.

بَادِئٌ [act. part. n. of 1]: see بَدْءٌ, in nine places.

بَادِئَةٌ: see 1, in two places.

مَبْدَأٌ [originally noun of place and of time from 1; A place, and a time, of beginning, &c. b2: ] See بَدْأَةٌ. b3: [Also A principle, or first rule, of a science &c.: pl. مَبَادِئُ. b4: And The primary import of a word; opposed in this sense to غَايَةٌ.]

مُبْدَأٌ: see بَدْأَةٌ.

المُبْدِئُ, applied to God, The Creator, or Originator, of the things [that exist], who hath produced them at the beginning, not after the similitude of anything pre-existing. (Nh.) and المُبْدِئُ المُعِيدُ, so applied, He who createth mankind, and who returneth them after life to death in the present world and after death to life on the day of resurrection. (TA in art. عود.) b2: مُبْدِئُ مُعِيدٌ A man who has gone on warring, or warring and plundering, expeditions, time after time, and is experienced in affairs: (A 'Obeyd, and K in art. عود:) and a horse upon which the owner has gone time after time on warring, or warring and plundering, expeditions; (TA in that art.;) or well trained and exercised, (K and TA in that art.) so as to be obedient to his rider. (TA in that art.) b3: [For other significations of مُبْدِئٌ, see its verb (4); and see أَحْفَرَ.]

مَبْدَأَةٌ: see بَدْأَةٌ مَبْدُوْءٌ [pass. part. n. of 1; Begun, &c.

A2: ] See بُدِئَ.

مُبْتَدَأٌ: see بَدْءٌ. b2: [In grammar, as correlative of خَبَرٌ, An inchoative.]

بن

1 بَنڤ3َ see 4.2 بنّن, (K,) inf. n. تَبْنِينٌ, (TA,) He tied a sheep, or goat, in order to fatten it: (K:) from بَنَّ بِالْمَكَانِ. (TA.) 4 ابنّ بِالْمَكَانِ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِبْنَانٌ; (Lth, T;) and بِهِ ↓ بَنَّ, aor. ـِ (M, K,) inf. n. بَنٌّ; (M, TA;) but As allows only the former verb; (M, TA;) He remained, continued, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in the place; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) he kept, or clave, to the place. (Lth, T, TA.) Accord. to Z, it is a tropical meaning, from the بَنَّة [i. e. odour] of the camels or cattle [of a stationary people]. (TA.) b2: And أَبَنَّتِ السَّحَابَةُ (assumed tropical:) The cloud remained, or continued raining, (M, TA,) some days, (TA,) and kept its place. (M.) 5 تبنّن He acted, or proceeded, deliberately, not hastily. (T, TA.) An Arab of the desert said to Shureyh, on his desiring to pronounce judgment against him hastily, تَبَنَّنْ, meaning Act thou deliberately, not hastily. (T.) بَنْ is a dial. var. of بَلْ, (M, K,) and so is لَا بَنْ of لَا بَلْ; or, as some say, formed by substitution [of ن for ل; not peculiar to any dialect]. (M.) One says, بَنْ وَاللّٰهِ لَا آتِيكَ [Nay, by God, I will not come to thee]: Fr says that it is of the dial. of Benoo-Saad and Kelb; and that he had heard the Báhilees say, لَا بَنْ, meaning بَلْ [or لَا بَلْ]: but IJ says, I do not trace up بَنْ [to any authority] as being an independent word of a particular dialect. (TA.) A2: [بْنُ and بْنِ and بْنَ, for ابْنُ

&c.: see art. بنى.]

بُنٌّ [Coffee-berries, whether green or roasted, whole or reduced to powder by pounding or grinding;] expl. in the K as شَىْءٌ يُتَّخَذُ كَالمُرِّىِّ [a certain thing that is taken like the condiment termed مُرِّيّ, which is used to give relish to food or to quicken the appetite]; Ibn-Es-Sim'ánee says, هُوَشَىْءٌ فِى الكَوَامِيخِ [app. meaning it is a thing reckoned among what are termed كواميخ, pl. of كَامَخٌ, which signifies the same as مُرِّىٌّ, for it seems that فى is here used in the sense of مِنْ, or it may be a mistranscription for مِنْ]; the physician Dáwood says, it is the produce of certain trees in El-Yemen; the berries thereof are put into the earth in آذَار [the Syrian month corresponding to March, O. S.], and it increases, and is gathered in أَبِيب [the Coptic month commencing on the 25th of June, O. S.; the 7th of July, N. S.]; it grows to the height of about three cubits, on a stem of the thickness of the thumb, and has a white flower, which is succeeded by a berry like the hazel-nut; sometimes it is cut like beans; and sometimes, when it is divested of its covering, it divides into two halves: it has been proved to be good for alleviating humidities, and cough, and phlegm, and defluxions, and for opening obstructions, and causing a flow of the urine: when roasted, [and pounded or ground,] and well cooked, [i. e. boiled in water,] it is now commonly known by the name of قَهْوَة. (TA.) [Golius, I think, has misunderstood the explanation of this word in the K: after having given that explanation, and rendered it by “ res quæ sumitur instar المرى Múrriji,” he adds, “Pers\. ابكامه Abcâma dictæ: hæc sorbitio est rei ex hordeo et frumento paratæ multa cura et arte, quam Malajesa et Halimæus describunt. ” He then mentions the signification of coffee-berries as a second and distinct meaning.]

بِنٌّ A place having a fetid odour. (Fr, T, K.) A2: It also signifies طِرْقٌ مِنَ الشَّحْمِ (T, K) and السِّمَنِ (K, TA: in the CK السَّمْنِ:) [said in the TA to mean قُوَّةٌ مِنْهُمَا, i. e. Strength arising from fat and from fatness: but I think that وَالسِّمَنِ has been added in the K in consequence of a misunderstanding, and that the meaning is a layer of fat; this meaning seeming to be indicated by the ex. here following, and corroborated by significations of several conjugates of طِرْقٌ, as طَرِيقَةٌ and طَرَقٌ and طِرَاقٌ &c.] One says (T, K) of a beast (دَابَّة) when it has become fat, (T,) رَكِبَهَا بِنٌّ عَلَىبِنٍ (T, K *) and طِرْقٌ عَلَى طِرْقٍ (T) [clearly I think, meaning Layer upon layer, of fat, has accumulated upon it.]

بَنَّةٌ A sweet, or pleasant, odour; (As, AA, T, S, M, K;) such as that of the apple (T, M) and the like, (M,) or the quince: (T:) Sb says that it is a name for a sweet, or pleasant, odour, like خَمْطَةٌ: (M, * TA:) and an unpleasant odour; (As, T, S;) a fetid odour; (M, K;) whence بَنَّةٌ الغَزْلِ [the odour of the yarn] occurring in a saying of 'Alee, respecting a weaver; (M;) which shows that A'Obeyd erred in asserting it to have only the first of the foregoing significations; (IB, TA;) which Suh, in the R, assigns also to ↓ بُنَانَةٌ: (TA:) the odour of sheep, or goats, (S, M,) or of camels or cattle; (Z, TA;) and of the dung of gazelles; (S, K;) and of the lodging-places of sheep or goats and of oxen or bulls or cows and of gazelles: (T, M:) and sometimes the lodgingplaces themselves, of sheep or goats: (M, TA:) pl. (in all the senses, M) بِنَانٌ. (T, S, M, K.) بُنِّىٌّ A seller of بُنّ [or coffee-berries]. (TA.) A2: Also, [vulgarly pronounced بِنِّى,] A species of fish; (K;) [the cyprinus Bynni of Forskål; described by him in his Descr. Anim. p. 71;] it is white, and is the best kind [of fish], and abundant in the Nile. (TA.) بَنَانٌ The fingers; syn. أَصَابِعُ: (M, Msb, K:) but whether it means peculiarly the اصابع of the hand, or those of the foot also, [i. e. the toes,] is disputed: (TA:) or the ends, or extremities, thereof: (S, M, Msb, K:) said to be so called because by their means are ordered those circumstances whereby man continues in existence; from

أَبَنَّ بِالْمَكَانِ: (Msb:) mentioned in the Kur viii. 12 because therewith one fights, and defends himself: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or it there signifies all the limbs, or members, of the body: (Aboo-Is-hák, M:) or the fingers, or toes, and any other parts of all the limbs, or members: (Zj, TA:) or it means in the Kur the شَوَى; (Lth, T, TA;) so in lxxv. 4; (M;) i. e. the arms or hands and the legs or feet: (Lth, T, TA:) accord. to El-Fárisee the meaning of the words in the Kur lxxv. 4 is, we are able to make their extremities like those of the camel, so that they should not profit by them in handicraft: (M, TA:) the n. un. is with ة; (Lth, T, S, M, K;) meaning, accord. to Lth, a single إِصْبَع [i. e. finger, or toe]; or, accord. to AHeyth, the whole اصبع; or, as some say, the highest عُقْدَة [or joint] of the اصبع: (T:) the pl. of pauc. is بَنَانَاتٌ; but a pl. of mult. is sometimes used as one of pauc.; and hence the saying of the rájiz, خَمْسَ بَنَانٍ قَانِئِ الأَظْفَارِ [Five fingers, or ends of fingers, intensely red from the dye of hinnà in the nails], meaning خَمْسًا مِنَ البَنَانِ: and one says, بَنَانٌ مُخَضَّبٌ [Fingers, or ends of fingers, dyed, or much dyed, with hinnà]; for every pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] between which and its sing., or n. un., there is no difference but ة [added in the latter] may be treated as sing. and masc. (S.) Lth cites as an ex. of the n. un., لَيْسَ لِحَىٍّ فَوْــقَهُمْ بَنَانَهْ لَاهُمَّ أَكْرَمْتَ بَنِى كِنَانَه meaning [O God, Thou hast honoured the sons of Kináneh: there belongs not to any tribe] excel-lence of the measure of a finger above them. (T, TA.) بَنِيِنٌ Deliberate and intelligent: (AA, T, K:) from بَنَّ بِالْمَكَانِ. (TA.) بَنَانَةٌ n. un. of بَنَانٌ. (Lth, T, S, M, K.) A2: See also what next follows.

بُنَانَةٌ: see بَنَّةٌ. b2: Also A meadow, or verdant tract of land somewhat watery, (AA, T, M, K,) producing herbage, (M, K,) and adorned with flowers; (TA;) and so ↓ بَنَانَةٌ. (M.) مُبِنٌّ Remaining, continuing, staying, dwelling, or abiding, in a place. (T, TA.) Applied to a mixture of urine and dung (عَبَس) upon the tail [of a camel &c.], it may mean Cleaving, and sticking: or it may be from بَنَّةٌ signifying “ a fetid odour ” [so as to mean having a fetid odour]: thus, in this case, it may be either a part. n. or a possessive epithet. (M, TA.) It signifies also Having the odour of the dung of gazelles; applied to a covert, or hiding-place, of those animals, among trees. (S, K. *)

نب

1 نَبَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. نَبِيبٌ (S, K) and نَبٌّ and نُبَابٌ; and ↓ نَبْنَبَ; He (a goat) uttered a sound, or cry, [or rattled,] and was excited by desire of the female: (S:) or uttered a sound, or cry, [or rattled,] when excited by desire of the female, (K,) or at rutting-time. (TA.) لَا تَنِبُّوا عِنْدِى نَبِيبَ التُّيُوسِ (assumed tropical:) Do not cry out [in my presence like as he-goats rattle at rutting-time]. Said by 'Omar to some persons who had come to make a complaint to him. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] نَبَّ (assumed tropical:) He desired sexual intercourse. (TA.) b3: نَبَّ عَتُودُهُ (assumed tropical:) He was proud, or behaved proudly, and magnified himself. (K.) 2 نبّب, inf. n. تَنْبِيبٌ, It (a plant) produced a knotted stem. (K.) b2: إِنِّى أَرَى الشَّرَّ نَبَّبَ (assumed tropical:) [Verily I see evil, or the evil, to have grown, like a plant producing knotted stems]. (TA.) 4 انببهُ طُولُ العُزْبَةِ (assumed tropical:) [Length of celibacy made him to be desirous of sexual intercourse]. (TA.) b2: انبّ, inf. n. إِنْبَابٌ, if not a mistake for انبت, inf. n. انبات, meaning “ he became pubescent,”

probably signifies He was excited, and uttered libidinous sounds, with the desire of sexual intercourse. (TA.) See R. Q. 1.5 تنبّب It (water) was made to flow; or was set a flowing. (K.) R. Q. 1 see 1. b2: نَبْنَبَ (tropical:) He (a man, TA) talked nonsense, (and uttered libidinous sounds, TA,) in concubitu: (K:) implying his acting like a he-goat at rutting-time. (TA.) b3: He prolonged his work, to do it well. (K.) نَبَّةٌ A disagreeable, or abominable, smell. (K.) Probably a mistake for بَنَّةٌ; and therefore not mentioned by the leading lexicographers. (TA.) نُبِّىٌّ A table (مَائِدَة) made of palm-leaves. (K, voce بَتِّىٌ, q. v.) أَنْبُبٌ or أُنْبُبٌ: see أُنْبُوبٌ and أُنْبُوبَةٌ.

أُنْبُوبٌ see أُنبُوبَةٌ. b2: أُنْبُوبُ قَرْنٍ (assumed tropical:) That part of a horn that is above the knotty portion, to the extremity: [i. e., the smooth part]. (TA:) b3: أُنْبُوبٌ (tropical:) The spout, or tube, of a jug. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A pipe of a tank, or cistern, through which the water flows: either from تَنَبَّبَ, or from أُنْبُوبٌ as signifying “ an internodal portion ” of a reed, or cane. (TA.) b5: أَنَابِيبُ الرِّئَةِ (tropical:) The [bronchi, or] air-passages of the lungs. (K.) ↓ أَنْبُبٌ or أُنْبُبٌ is said to signify the same, in an instance mentioned by IAar, in which a poet speaks of the substance resembling lights which a camel in heat protrudes from his mouth, and which is called غِيلَة, as coming forth بَيْنَ الأَُنْبُبِ: in which case, the word, if أَنْبُب, may be a pl., regularly أَنُبّ, of which the sing. is نَبٌّ; or, if with dammeh to the hemzeh, it may be a contraction of أُنْبُوب, used as a coll. gen. n., in a pl. sense. (TA.) b6: أُنْبُوبٌ A way, or road. (K.) [Ex.] إِلْزَمِ الأُنْبُوبَ Keep to the way, or road. (As.) b7: أُنْبُوبُ جَبَلٍ (tropical:) A track, or streak, (طَرِيقَةٌ,) in a mountain, (K,) appearing distinctly therein: of the dial. of Hudheyl: (TA:) Ex. ذَهَبَ فِى كُلِّ انبوبٍ [He went along every track of the mountain, or mountains]. (TA.) [As a coll. gen. n., used in the pl. sense: ex.] Málik Ibn-Khalid El-Khuzá'ee says, فِى رَأْسِ شَاهِقَةٍ أُنْبُوبُهَا خُضْرٌ [On the top of a lofty mountain, the streaks of which are green]. (TA.) b8: أُنْبُوبٌ (tropical:) A row of trees (K) &c. (TA.) [See أُسْكُوبٌ.] b9: أُنْبُوبٌ An elevated tract of land: (K:) one that is fine (رقيق) and elevated: pl. أَنَابِيبُ. (TA.) أُنْبُوبَةٌ An internodal portion of a reed or cane; such a portion thereof as intervenes between two joints, or knots: (Lth, S:) i. q. كَعْبٌ, [which signifies as above, and also a joint, or knot,] with reference to a reed, or cane, or a spear-shaft: (K:) as also ↓ أُنْبُوبٌ (Lth, K) and ↓ أُنْبُبٌ, which latter is probably a contraction: (K:) [see below:] or the pl. of انبوبة is أُنْبُوبٌ and أَنَابِيبُ: (S:) [or انبوب is a coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is انبوبة, and the pl. انابيب: see also art. انب]. b2: [Hence,] اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ أُنْبُوبَةً وَاحِدَةً Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (Fr. in TA in art. بأج.) b3: [Also, A sheath of a plant. See أُمْصُوخَةٌ. b4: And Any kind of tube. See قَصَبٌ.]

ذر

أ1 ذَرَأَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـَ (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. ذَرْءٌ, (S, M, Msb,) He (God) created, syn. خَلَقَ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) الخَلْقَ [the creation; i. e. the things that are created]. (T, S, M, Msb.) وَلَقَدْ ذَرَأْنَا لِجَهَنَّمَ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ الْإِنْسِ, in the Kur [vii. 178], means [And verily] we have created [for Hell many of the jinn, or genii, and of mankind]. (T.) b2: He multiplied, or made numerous. (K.) يَذْرَؤُكُمْ فِيهِ, in the Kur [xlii. 9], means He multiplieth you thereby; i. e., by making of you, and of the cattle, pairs, males and females: so says Zj; and Fr says the like; and this is a correct explanation. (T.) b3: Also, (S, M, K,) and so ذَرَا, (TA,) He sowed land: (S, M, K, TA:) but the latter verb is said to be the more chaste. (MF.) A2: ذَرَأَ فُوهُ His teeth fell out from his mouth; (K, TA;) as also ذَرَا and ذَرَى, without ء: (TA:) but the most chaste is said to be without ء: ذَرَأَ, with ء, is said to be of weak authority, or a mispronunciation. (MF.) b2: ذَرِئَ, (M, K,) or ذَرِئَ شَعَرَهُ, (S,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. ذَرَأٌ; (S, * M, O;) and ذَرَأَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and ذَرُؤَ, aor. ـُ (Ktr, TA;) His hair became white, or hoary, in the fore part of his head: (S:) or he had whiteness intermixed with blackness in the hair of his head: (M:) or his hair became white, or hoary: (K:) or he began to become white, or hoary, (M, K,) in the fore part of his head, (K,) or in the upper part of each side of the head. (A, TA.) The epithet is ↓ أَذْرَأُ; fem. ذَرْآءٌ. (S, M, K. [In some copies of the K, ذَرْأَى is erroneously put for ذَرْآءُ.]) 4 اذرأهُ He angered him; provoked him to anger. (T, M, K.) b2: اذرأهُ بِصَاحِبِهِ He incited him against his companion. (Az, T.) And اذرأهُ بِالشَّىْءِ He incited him, or urged him, to do, or attempt, the thing. (M, K.) And اذرأهُ إِلَىكَذَا He constrained him, or compelled him, to have recourse to, or to do, such a thing. (K, * TA.) A 'Obeyd mentions أَذْرَى, without ء; but 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh asserts that this is incorrect. (M.) b3: اذرأ الدَّمْعَ He, or it, made tears to flow. (K, * TA.) b4: And اذرأه He frightened him. (M, K.) A2: أَذْرَأَتْ She (a camel) excerned (أَنْزَلَتْ) the milk (M, K, TA) from [app. a mistake for into] her udder: a dial. var. of أَدْرَأَتْ [q. v.]. (TA.) The epithet applied to the she-camel so doing is ↓ مُذْرِئٌ. (M, K.) ذَرْءٌ The act of creating; inf. n. of ذَرَأَ. (S, M, Msb.) b2: [And used in the sense of the pass. part. n. of that verb; and alike as sing. and pl. because originally an inf. n.] ذَرْءُ النَّارِ, (S, K, TA,) [for ذَرْءٌ لِلنَّارِ,] related as occurring in a trad. (S, TA) of 'Omar, (TA,) means Created [i. e. destined] for the fire [of Hell]: (S, K, TA:) but as some relate it, the phrase is ذَرْوُ النَّارِ, meaning [either “ the children of the fire,” agreeably with what next follows, or] “ to be scattered in the fire. ” (S, TA.) b3: Also The number of [ones] offspring: one says, أَنْمَىاللّٰهُ ذَرْأَكَ May God increase [the number of] thine offspring; as also ذَرْوَكَ. (T.) A2: Somewhat; (M, K;) as in the saying, بَلَغَنِى ذَرْءٌ مِنْ خَبَرٍ [Somewhat of news, or information, reached me, or came to my knowledge]: (K, TA:) or ذَرْءٌ مِنْ خَيْرٍ [somewhat of good]: (so in some copies of the K and M:) thus ذرء is written by IAth: in some copies of the K, ذُرْءٌ, with damm: (TA:) or ذَرْءٌ here means a little; and ذَرْوٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (M in art. ذرو.) Also A little of what is said. (TA.) A3: A thing intervening as a separation or an obstacle: so in the saying, مَا بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُ ذَرْءٌ [There is not anything intervening &c. between us and him, or it]. (K, * TA.) ذَرَأٌ: see what next follows.

ذُرْأَةٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ ذَرَأٌ, (S,) the latter an inf. n. (M, [see 1,]) the former a simple subst., (S,) Whiteness, or hoariness, in the fore part of the head: (S:) or whiteness intermixed with blackness in the hair of the head: (M:) or whiteness, or hoariness, of the hair: (K:) or the beginning of whiteness or hoariness (M, K) in the fore part of the head, (K,) or in the upper part of each side of the head. (A, TA.) ذَرْآنِىٌّ and ذَرَآنِىٌّ Intensely white salt: (S, M, K:) derived from ذُرْأَةٌ: one should not say أَنْذَرَانِىٌّ; (S, K;) for this is a vulgarism: some pronounce it with the unpointed د. (TA.) ذَرِىْءٌ Sown seed. (S, M, K.) ذُرِّيَّةٌ (T, S, M, Mgh, K) and ذِرِّيَّةٌ (M, K) and ذَرِّيَّةٌ, (K,) [or ذَرِيَّةٌ, without a sheddeh to the ر, accord. to the Msb in art. ذر,] always pronounced by the Arabs without ء: (S:) accord. to some, (TA,) from الذَّرْءُ; (M, TA;) so says Th; (M;) the measure of the first being فُعُّولَةٌ or فُعِّيلَةٌ; [so that it is originally ذُرُّوءَةٌ or ذُرِّيْئَةٌ;] (TA;) but the ء is suppressed because of frequency of usage: (M:) accord. to others, from الذَّرُّ, signifying “ the act of scattering; ” because God scattered the ذرّيّة upon the earth; and the measure is فُعْلِيَّةٌ or فُعُّولَةٌ, [if the latter,] the word being originally ذُرُّورَةٌ, the last ر being changed into ى, in a manner similar to the case of تَقَضَّتِ العُقَابِ [in which تَقَضَّضَت becomes تَقَضَّيَت and then تَقَضَّت; so that ذُرُّورَةٌ becomes ذُرُّويَةٌ and then ذُرِّيَّةٌ]: (TA:) Children, or offspring, (T, S, Mgh, K,) of a man, and used as a sing. also, (Mgh,) or of men and of jinn, or genii: (S, K:) pl. [ذُرِّيَّاتٌ (see art. ذر) and sometimes] ذَرَارِىُّ. (S.) Hence, هَبْ لِى مِنْ لَدُنْكَ ذُرِّيَّةً طَيِّبَةً [in the Kur iii. 33, meaning Give me, from Thee, a good offspring]. (Mgh.) And in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, فَجَعَلَنِى فِى الذُّرِّيَّةِ means And he put me among the little ones, or young ones. (Mgh.) b2: It is also applied to signify Progenitors: as in the saying, in the Kur [xxxvi. 41], حَمَلْنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ فِى الْفُلْكِ المَشْحُونِ [We carried their progenitors in the laden ark]. (T.) b3: And it is used also to signify Women; [because they are the sources of offspring;] (T, Mgh, TA;) like as سَمَآءٌ is used to signify “ rain: ” (TA:) as in the saying of 'Omar, حُجُّوا بِالذُّرِّيَّةِ [Perform ye the pilgrimage with the women]. (T, Mgh, TA. [See his saying in full, voce رِبْقٌ.]) الذَّارِئُ an epithet applied to God, The Creator. (T.) أَذْرَأُ; fem. ذَرْآءُ: see 1, last sentence. Applied to a ram, Having whiteness in the head; (M, K;) and so the fem. applied to a ewe: (M:) or having the ears variegated, or speckled, with black and white, and the rest black: (K:) or it has this latter meaning when applied to a horse, and to a kid; and so the fem. applied to a female kid, (S, O,) or to a she-goat: (M:) and is not applied to the sheep-kind. (S, O.) مُذْرِئٌ: see 4, last sentence.

ذل

1 ذَلَّ, aor. ـِ (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. ذُلٌّ and ذِلَّةٌ and مَذَلَّةٌ, (S, * M, MA, K,) or these three are simple substs., and the inf. n. is ذَلٌّ, (Msb,) and ذَلَالَةٌ (M, K) and ذُلَالَةٌ, (K,) [contr. of عَزَّ; (see ذُلٌّ below;) i. e.] He, or it, was or became, low, base, vile, abject, mean, paltry, contemptible, despicable, ignominious, inglorious, abased, humble, and weak; (MA, Msb, K;) syn. هَانَ, (Msb, K,) and ضَعُفَ. (Msb.) b2: ذَلَّ, (M, K,) and ذَلَّتْ, (M, Msb,) aor. as above, (M, K,) inf. n. ذِلٌّ, (M, Msb, K,) said of a man, (M,) and of a beast, such as a horse and the like, (دَابَّة, M, Msb,) He, or it, was, or became, easy, tractable, submissive, or manageable; (M, Msb, K;) and اِذْلَوْلَى [which belongs to art. ذلى] signifies the same as ذَلَّ in this sense. (ISd, TA.) And لَهُ ↓ تذلّل He became lowly, humble, or submissive, [or he lowered, humbled, or submitted, himself,] to him; (S, TA;) as also تَذَلَّى, originally تَذَلَّلَ. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] ذَلَّ is also said of a road [as meaning (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, beaten, or trodden, so as to be rendered even, or easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride upon: see ذَلِيلٌ]. (A in art. تب.) b4: And ذَلَّتِ القَوَا فِى لِشَّاعِرِ (assumed tropical:) The rhymes were easy to the poet. (T.) b5: And ذَلَّ said of a watering-trough or tank, (TA,) or of the upper part thereof, (M,) (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, broken much, or in several places, in its edge, and much demolished. (M, TA.) 2 ذلّل, (M, Msb,) inf. n. تَذْلِيلٌ, (Msb,) He made, or rendered, (M, Msb,) a man, (M,) and a beast, such as a horse and the like, (M, Msb,) easy, tractable, submissive, or manageable: (M, Msb:) [said of the former, it may be rendered he brought under, or into, subjection; or he subdued: and said of the latter, he broke, or trained: and said of any animal, he tamed. b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) He beat, or trod, a road, so as to render it even, or easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride upon: see ذَلِيلٌ.] b3: And ذلّل لَهُ أَمْرًا (assumed tropical:) He made an affair easy to him; syn. رَوَّضَهُ and سَوَّسَهُ. (TA in art. سوس.) b4: And ذِلِّلَ الكَرْمُ (assumed tropical:) The bunches of the grape-vine were made to hang down [so that they might be easily plucked]: (M, K:) or were evenly disposed [for the same purpose]; syn. سُوِّيَتْ: (K:) or, accord. to AHn, التَّذْلِيلُ signifies the disposing evenly the bunches of the grape-vine, and making them to hang down. (M.) وَذُلِّلَتْ قُطُوفُهَا, in the Kur [lxxvi. 14], means (assumed tropical:) The bunches being evenly disposed, and made to hang down, (S, JM,) exposed to be plucked: (JM:) or being well disposed, and made near: (IAmb, TA:) or being within the reach of the seeker, or desirer: (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA:) or being easy to reach by those who will pluck them, in whatever manner they may desire to do so: (Bd:) accord. to Mujáhid, it means that if one stand, the bunch will rise to him; and if one sit, it will hang down to him. (TA.) [In like manner,] التَّذْلِيلُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The putting the raceme of the palm-tree upon the branch [near it] in order that it [the branch] may support it: (AHn, M:) or تَذْلِيلُ العُذُوقِ, as practised in the present world, is (assumed tropical:) the trimmer's making straight, and fecundating before the usual time, the racemes of the palm-tree, when they come forth from their spathes that covered them, these having slit open and disclosed them, by which means one makes them to hang out from among the branches and prickles, so that the fruit is easily plucked when it ripens. (T. [See also مُذَلَّلٌ.]) [Hence it is said in the K that ذُلِّلَ النَّخْلُ signifies وُضِعَ عِذْقُهَا عَلَى الجَرِيدَةِ لِتَحْمِلَهُ: the explanation should be وُضِعَتْ عُذُوقُهَا عَلَى الجَرِيدِ لِتَحْمِلَهَا, i. e. (assumed tropical:) The palm-trees had their racemes put upon the branches in order that these might support them.] b5: See also what next follows.4 اذلّهُ, (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِذْلَالٌ, (TA,) He (God, Msb) lowered, abased, or humbled, him; or rendered him low, base, vile, abject, mean, paltry, contemptible, despicable, ignominious, inglorious, abased, humbled, and weak; (M, * Msb K, TA;) as also ↓ ذللّٰهُ and ↓ استذلّهُ: (K, TA:) all these signify the same. (S.) b2: See also 10 A2: اذلّ [as an intrans. verb] He (a man, S, M) became one whose companions were low, base, vile, &c. (S, M, K.) b2: He became in a state, or condition, that was low, base, vile, &c. (S in art. قهر.) 5 تَذَلَّّ see 1.10 استذلّهُ He saw him to be ذَلِيل [i. e. low, base, vile, &c.]: (M, K:) or he found him to be so; (TA;) as also ↓ اذّلهُ. (K.) b2: See also 4. b3: استذلّ البَعِيرَ الصَّعْبَ He plucked off the ticks from the refractory camel in order that he might experience pleasure [or relief], and so become at ease, or tranquil, (M, K,) with him. (K.) اذْلَوْلَى, a verb of which one of the significations is mentioned in this art. in the K, belongs to art. ذلى.] R. Q. 2 تَذَلْذَلَ [app. from ذُلْذُلٌ] It was, or became, in a state of commotion, or agitation, and lax, slack, or pendulous. (K.) ذُلٌّ and ↓ ذِلَّةٌ and ↓ مَذَلَّةٌ [all mentioned in the M and MA and K as inf. ns.] contr. of عِزٌّ; (S, M;) [i. e.] Lowness, baseness, vileness, abjectness, meanness, paltriness, contemptibleness, despicableness, ignominiousness, ingloriousness, abasement, humiliation, and weakness. (Msb, K. *) وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِىٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ, in the Kur [xvii. last verse], means Nor hath taken to himself any aider to assist Him and league with Him by reason of any lowness of condition in Him, as is the custom of the Arabs to do: (K, TA: [in the CK, يُخالِفُهُ is erroneously put for يُحَالِفُهُ:]) for they used to league, one with another, seeking thereby to become strong and inaccessible. (TA.) See also ذَلِيلٌ. b2: And see the paragraph here following, in five places.

ذِلٌّ Easiness, tractableness, submissiveness, or manageableness; (S, M, K, and Ham p. 50; [mentioned in the M and Msb and K as an inf. n.;]) as also ↓ ذُلٌّ. (M, K, and Ham ubi suprà.) Hence the saying, بَعْضُ الذِّلِّ أَبْقَى لِلْأَهْلِ وَالمَالِ [Somewhat of submissiveness is most preservative of the family and the property]: (S:) or أَبْقَى لِلْأَهْلِ وَالمَالِ ↓ الذُّلُّ, occurring in a trad. of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr; meaning that abjectness betiding a man when he bears patiently an injury that has befallen him is most preservative of him and of his family and his property. (TA.) b2: Also Gentleness; and mercy; and so ↓ ذُلٌّ: thus in the phrase, ↓ وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ or الذِّلِّ, (M, K,) in the Kur [xvii. 25, lit. And make soft to them (thy two parents) the side of gentleness; meaning treat them with gentleness]: the former is the common reading: (TA:) or the latter means easiness, tractableness, or submissiveness: (K:) [and so the former, as has been stated above:] Er-Rághib says that ↓ الذُّلُّ is a consequence of subjection; and الذِّلُّ is what is after refractoriness: so that the phrase means, [accord. to the former reading,] be gentle like him who is subjected to them; and accord. to the latter reading, be gentle and tractable, or submissive, to them. (TA.) A2: Also The beaten track, (K,) or part that is trodden and made even, (M,) of a road. (M, K.) Its pl. أَذْلَال occurs in the saying, أَجْرِ الأُمُورَعَلَى أَذْلَالِهَا Let events, or affairs, take their course in the ways, or manners, that are fit, or proper, for them, and easy. (T.) El-Khansà says, لِتَجْرِ المَنِيَّةِ بَعْدَ الفَتَى الْمُغَادَرِ بِالْمَحْوِ أَذْلَالَهَا [Let fate take its ways after the youth left behind in El-Mahw]; (S, M;) meaning I mourn not for any thing after him: cited by AA: (S in the present art. and in art. محو:) المحو is here the name of a place. (S in the latter art.) And one says, أُمُورُ اللّٰهِ جَارِيَةُ عَلَى أَذْلَالِهَا, (S, M, K,) and جَارِيَةٌ أَذْلَالَهَا, (M, K,) The decrees of God take their [appointed] courses: (S, M, K:) here, also, اذلال is pl. of ذِلٌّ. (M, K.) And ↓ دَعْهُ عَلَى أَذْلَالِهِ Leave thou him, or it, in his, or its, [present] state, or condition: (S, M, K:) in this case it has no sing. (M, K.) [And so in the saying,] ↓ جَآءَ عَلَى أَذْلَالِهِ It came in its [proper] manner. (S, K.) b2: See also another usage of أَذْلَال, as a pl. having no sing. assigned to it, voce ذُلْذُلٌ, last sentence.

ذِلَّةٌ: see ذُلٌّ. b2: In the following verse, لِيَهْنِئْ تُرَاثِى لِامْرِئٍ غَيْرِ ذِلَّةٍ صَنَابِرُ أُحْدَانٌ لِهُنَّ حَفِيفُ [May my heritage give joy to a man not low, or base; slender arrows, singular of their kind, that have a whizzing sound], the meaning is, غَيْرِ ذَلِيلٍ, or غَيْرِ ذِى ذِلَّةٍ; and صنابر is put in the nom. case as a substitute for تراث. (M.) ذَلُولٌ Easy, tractable, submissive, or manageable; (S, M, Msb, K;) applied to a beast, such as a horse and the like, (دَابَّة), (S, M, Msb,) and to a man [&c.]; (M;) and so ↓ ذَلُولِىٌّ, applied to a man: (TA, as from the M: [but not found by me in the latter; and I believe that the right reading is ذَلَوْلًى, belonging to art. ذلى, q. v.:]) the former alike masc. and fem.: (M, TA:) pl. ذُلُلٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and أَذِلَّةٌ. (K.) A poet applies the epithet ذُلُل to spear-heads, as meaning Made easy [to pierce with] by being sharpened, and made thin and slender. (M.) b2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

ذَلِيلٌ Low, base, vile, abject, mean, paltry, contemptible, despicable, ignominious, inglorious, lowered, brought low, abased, humbled, and weak; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) applied to a man; (T, S;) and ↓ ذُلَّانٌ signifies the same, as a sing.; (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) or this latter is a pl. of the former, (T,) as also أَذِلَّآءُ (S, M, Msb, K) and أَذِلَّةٌ (T, S, Msb, K) and ذِلَالٌ. (M, K.) b2: [Also Gentle; and merciful. Hence,] أَذِلَّةٍ عَلَى المُؤْمِنِينَ أَعِزَّةٍ عَلَى الكَافِرينَ, in the Kur [v. 59], means Gentle, (Zj, T,) and merciful, (T,) to the believers, rough in behaviour, (Zj, T,) and hard, or severe, (T,) to the unbelievers. (Zj, T.) b3: Also applied to a road, meaning (assumed tropical:) Made even, or smooth, and easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride upon; as also with ة; being applied to طَرِيقٌ [which is fem. as well as masc.] ; (M;) and so ↓ ذَلُولٌ: (T:) pl. of the latter, (T,) or of the former, (M,) ذُلُلٌ: (T, M:) and [in like manner] ↓ مُذَلَّلٌ, so applied, beaten, or trodden, and [made] even, or easy [to walk or ride upon]: (T:) [in like manner also]

↓ ذَلُولٌ is applied to land or ground &c. [as meaning easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride upon, &c.]. (As, M voce تَرَبُوتٌ.) b4: Also (assumed tropical:) Low, applied to a wall, and to a house, or chamber; (T;) and [so] applied to a mountain: (S and K in art. دك:) or (tropical:) low and thin, applied to a wall: (Mgh:) and (assumed tropical:) short, applied to a spear. (T.) b5: You say also ذَلِيلٌ ↓ ذُلٌّ, [meaning Exceeding lowness or baseness &c.; or lowering, or abasing, lowness or baseness &c.; i. e.,] using the latter word as an intensive epithet; or as signifying مُذِلٌّ. (M, K.) ذَلُولِىٌّ Good and easy in respect of natural disposition: pl. ذَلُولِيُّونَ. (Ibn-' Abbád, K. [In the CK, الخَلْقِ is erroneously put for الخُلُقِ.]) See also ذَلُولٌ.

ذُلَّانٌ: see ذَلِيلٌ.

ذُلْذُلٌ is sing. of ذَلَاذِلُ, which signifies The lower, or lowest, parts, (Az, T, S,) that are next the ground, of a shirt, (S,) or of a long shirt; (Az, T;) and IAar says that the sing. is ↓ ذُلَذِلٌ, and ↓ ذِلْذِلَةٌ, also; and they are also called ذَنَاذِنُ, pl. of ذِنْذِنٌ; (T;) and دَنَادِنُ: (K in art. دن:) or ذُلْذُلٌ and ↓ ذِلْذِلٌ and ↓ ذِلْذِلَةٌ and ↓ ذُلَذِلٌ and ↓ ذُلَذِلَةٌ all signify the lower, or lowest, parts of a long shirt (M, K) when it dangles and becomes old and worn out; (M;) as also ذَلَاذِلُ; (K;) [or rather] this last is pl. of all the foregoing words; (M;) and ↓ ذَلَذِلُ and ↓ ذَلَذِلَةٌ [in some copies of the K, erroneously, ذَلْذَل, or ذَلْذُل, and ذَلْذَلَة,] signify the same; (K;) [or rather] the former of these two is a contraction of the pl. ذَلَاذِلُ (S, M) [and the latter of them is the same contracted pl. with the addition of ة]. b2: [Hence,] ذَلَاذِلُ النَّاسِ (assumed tropical:) Those who are the last of the people; (K;) or the last of a few of the people; so in the Moheet; (TA;) and ↓ ذُلْذُلَانُهُمْ and ↓ ذُلَيْذِلَانُهُمْ, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, ذُلْذُلاتُهُمْ and ذُلِيذَلاتُهُمْ,]) the latter a dim., (TA,) and ↓ أَذْلَالُهُمْ, signify the same: (K:) or this last signifies the lower, baser, viler, or meaner, of them. (O, TA.) ذِلْذِلٌ and ذُلَذِلٌ and ذَلَذِلٌ and see ذُلْذُلٌ, in eight places.

ذِلْذِلَةٌ and ذُلَذِلَةٌ and ذَلَذِلَةٌ and see ذُلْذُلٌ, in eight places.

ذُلْذُلَانُ النَّاسِ and ذُلَيْذِلَانُهُمْ: see ذُلْذُلٌ.

أَذَلٌّ [More, and most, low, base, vile, &c.]: see أَخْنَعُ.

أَذْلَالٌ as a pl. without a sing.: see ذِلٌّ (of which it is also a pl.), in two places: A2: and see ذُلْذُلٌ, last sentence.

مَذَلَّةٌ: see ذُلٌّ. b2: [Hence,] غَيْرُالمَذَلَّةِ (assumed tropical:) The wooden pin, peg, or stake: (S, K:) because its head is broken [or battered by beating]. (S.) [See عَيْرٌ.]

مُذَلَّلٌ: see ذَلِيلٌ. b2: Also, [applied to palmtrees (نَخْل),] (assumed tropical:) Having the fruit thereof bent [down] in order that it may be [easily] gathered: [see also its verb (2):] so in the following verse of Imra-el-Keys: (Sgh, TA:) وَكَشْحٍ لَطِيفٍ كَالجَدِيلِ مُخَصَّرٍ وَسَاقٍ كَأُنْبُوبِ السَّقِىِّ المُذَلَّلِ meaning And a waist slender like the camel's nose-rein of [twisted] leather, thin; and a shank resembling, in the clearness of its colour, the stalk (lit. internodal portion) of the papyrus (بَرْدِىّ) growing among irrigated palm-trees having their racemes bent down (ذُلِّلَتْ) by reason of the abundance of their fruit; so that their branches overshade these papyrus-plants: or, accord. to some, and a shank resembling the stalk of the irrigated papyrus that is bent down (مُذَلَّل) by saturation: (EM pp. 28 and 29:) As says that it means, [agreeably with the former explanation,] سَاقٍ كَأُنْبُوبِ بَرْدِىٍّ بَيْنَ هٰذَا النَّخْلِ المُذَّلَلِ: AO says that سَقِىّ means watered [naturally,] without occasioning one's taking any trouble to water: IAar explained المُذَلَّل as meaning having the way of the water thereto made easy: and some say that by السَّقِىّ is meant the tender, white, stalk of the بَرْدِىّ. (T.)

ظل: ظلَّ: مكث، لبث، بقي، دام، استمر، ويقال: ظل واقفاً: لبث واقفاً وظل على حاله: عني بصحبته، لم يشخ ويطعن في السن ولم يأسن ويتعفن (بوشر).
ظلَل: معناها الأصلي أظلّ، فيأ، وجعله في الظلّ.
ويقال مجازاً: ظلَّلَته مَسَرَّتُه (عباد 1: 66) مثل ما نقول: ارتسم السرور على وجهه.
ظَلَّل: جعله في الظلّ، خصص له مكاناً فيه ظلّ (معجم البلاذري).
ظَلَّل ب: غطاه من أعلاه ففي المقري (1: 380): مَسارح للطيور مظلَّلة بالشباك (مِطِيرة بناء كبير مخصص لتربية الطيور).
أظلَّله: دنا منه، صار قريباً منه (لين، فليشر في تعليقه على المقري 1: 660، بريشت ص216 معجم مسلم) وقد تغير معنى هذا الفعل فصار يدل على شيء أو وقت قد حان حينه.
ففي رحلة ابن بطوطة (1: 22) مثلاً: أظلني بتونس عيد الفطر، أي اقبل عيد الفطر وأنا بتونس،. وفيها (1: 26): أظلنا عيد الأضحى في بعض تلك المراحل أي اقبل علينا عيد الأضحى في بعض تلك المراحل. وفي ملّر (ص12): أظلتنا بها ليلة شتائية أي كنا في ليلة ممطرة. وفي معجم مسلم: أظلهم رعب أي استولى عليهم رعب.
ظَلّ؟: يقول ريشاردسون (مراكش 2: 30) ذَلّ تعني مِظلّة ولعلها تصحيف مَظلّ (انظر مَظَلّ) وعند بوسيبه ظلّيلة وهي لفظة مراكشية تعني مِظلَّة.
ظِلّ: وجمع الجمع أظَاليل (ديوان الاخطل ص8 ورايت).
ظل الشمْس: مِزُولة، ساعة شمسية (الكالا).
ظُلَّة: مدخنة الموقد (فوك، الكالا).
ظِلّي: هو نوع من الزبيب في سلجماسة وقد سمي بذلك لأنه يجفف في الظل (البكري ص148).
ظِلاَلة: نوع من الأخبية للوقاية من الشمس مثل مظلَّة (ابن جبير ص178، 187).
الظِلالات عند الصوفية عبارة عن الأسماء الإلهية (محيط المحيط).
ظِلاِليّ: ترجمة كلمة السريانية طالما (باين سميث 1470).
مظّل: خيمة كبيرة فسطاط. ففي المعجم اللاتيني- العربي ( tentorium فسطاط ومَظَلّ).
ويطلق على هذا الاسم على خيمة السلطان. فعند ابن القوطية (ص40 ق): ولم يُؤذَّن بالظُهْر إلا وقد اجتمع على باب المظل ثلاثون ألف رأس.
وفي حيان (ص72 ق) وأمر الأمير عبد الله بإنزال العسكر وإقامة المظل فاتفق من سوء الطيرة أن المظل لما قام عمود (عموده) وشُدَّ باطنابه اندقَّ العمود فخر المظل ثم أهوى إلى عمود فامتلخه وتقدّم به إلى المظل فعمده فاستوى على ساقه. كما يطلق هذا الاسم على خيمة ولد السلطان ففي حيان (ص90 ق) في كلامه عن عاصفة واقتلعت مظل الولد أبان وقبةّ القائد أحمد (والمظل في هذا الخبر مرداف قبة).
مَظْلّ وجمعه مظلات: عرزال وهو سقيفة من أغصان الأشجار تحمي من الشمس (الكالا).
وفي المعجم اللاتيني العربي ذكرت هذه الكلمة مقابل الكلمة اللاتينية umbraculum ولهذه الكلمة معنيان أحدهما هو هذه السقيفة والثاني مظلّة.
مَظَلّ وجمعها مظلات: طابق دور (الكالا).
وهو يذكر لفظة مدل التي تعني عنده دائماً مَظَلّ وجمعها مظلات في المادة اللاتينية Madera tinada de وأرى من الصعب معرفة المراد من هذه الكلمة. غير أني حين رجعت إلى معجم نبريجا، حيث رتبت فيه الكلمات نفس الترتيب في معجم الكالا، وجدت فيه: tina de madera وهو يترجم هذه بالكلمة اللاتينية contignation ( أي طابق، دور) وقد ذكر في القسم اللاتيني - الأسباني أن معنى الكلمة هو دور وطابق. وهذا ما تدل عليه كلمة مَظْلْ.
مَظَلّ: مظلة شمسية (هوست ص153، هلو).
مَظَلّ وجمعها مظلات: نوع من القبعات تعتمر لتحمي لابسها من الشمس (فوك) وقبعة من القش (دوماس عادات ص38) وقال دوماس (حياة العرب ص67): وهي لا تلبس الا في حمارَّة القيظ، وهي عالية جداً وذات حاشية عريضة جداً، وترى في الصحراء خاصة وهي مغطاة بريش النعام (انظر المادة التالية) مِظلّة (بفتح الميم وكسرها): البيت الذي يذكره لين والذي ينتهي بكلمة المظلي موجود في ديوان الهذليين (ص196 البيت 71).
مَظَلَّة: مثل ظُلْة التي اشتقت منها الكلمة الأسبانية تولدا، تولدا (انظر معجم الأسبانية ص351): جنفاص يمد على ساحة الدار والشارع والمحفة والزورق ليمحيها من الشمس أو من المطر (مختارات من تاريخ العرب ص452، 580، ابن جبير ص63) وفي رحلة ابن بطوطة (4: 290): واجتمعت بتلك الخليج من السفن طائفة كبيرة لهم القلاع الملونة ومظلات الحرير.
وقد ترجمها المترجم بالمعنى المألوف وهو شمسية لكن قارن هذا بما جاء في (4: 271) وهو: ويظللّون على المركب بثياب الخ ثم ان في مخطوطة السيد جاينجوس مظلّلات بدل مظلات.
مظلَّة: ظُلَّة في أعلى السرير (بوشر).
مظلّة: قبعة من خوص النخيل (بليسييه ص152) وقبعة عريضة الحاشية جداً تصنع من خوص الدوم وهي شجرة المقل (اسبينا مجلة الشرق والجزائر 13: 145، كاريت جغرافية ص228، يراكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 5: 215).
وعند البربر الخوص التي يلبسها الأوربيون (برجون).
مظلَّة: خيمة حيث كانت سفينة نوح (بوشر). عيد المظلة: عيد العرازيل عند اليهود (بوشر، دي ساسي طرائف 1: 93) وفي محيط المحيط: عيد المظال مُظلَّل: ما تعلوه الظُلَّة (ابن البيطار 4: 390).
مظلّل بالجلال: يعلوه الجلال (بوشر).
مُظَلّل وتجمع على مُظللات: انظرها في مادة مُظلَّة.
مُظلّل: مظلة شمسية، (ابن بطوطة 2: 421) وفي مخطوطة جاينجوس مظلات بدل مظلاّت في المطبوع من الرحلة).

ظل

1 ظَلَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. ظِلَالَةٌ: see 4.

A2: ظَلَّ, (T, M, Msb, K,) first Pers\. ظَلِلْتُ, (T, S, M, O, Msb, K,) [and accord. to SM ظَلَلْتُ also, for he says that] the verb is of the class of مَنَعَ as well as of the class of تَعِبَ, (TA,) and ظَلْتُ, (T, S, * M, O, K,) likened to لَسْتُ, (M, K, *) formed by rejecting the former ل in ظَلِلْتُ, (T, O,) and ظِلْتُ, which is [also] originally ظَلِلْتُ, (Sb, T, M, O, K,) formed by transferring to the ظ the vowel of the rejected ل, (Sb, T, M, O,) anomalously, (Sb, M,) the latter of the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz; (T;) aor. ـَ (S, * M, O, * Msb, K;) imperative اِظْلَلْ and ظَلْ (T) [and it is implied in the M voce قَرَّ that one says also اِظْلِلْ and ظِلْ, which indicates that the aor. is also يَظِلُّ, but this requires confirmation, which I have not anywhere found]; inf. n. ظُلُولٌ (T, S, M, O, Msb, K) and ظَلٌّ (M, K) and ظِلٌّ; (thus also in a copy of the M; [but this I think doubtful;]) accord. to Lth, (T,) or Kh, (Msb,) [i. e. accord. to the author of the 'Eyn,] is said only of a thing that is done in the day, or daytimes; (T, S, M, O, Msb;) like as بَاتَ, aor. ـِ is said only of a thing that is done in the night: (T:) it is an incomplete [i. e. a non-attributive] verb, relating to a time in which is a shade from the sun, from morning to evening, or from sunrise to sunset: (Esh-Shiháb, TA:) one says, ظَلَّ فُلَانٌ نَهَارَهُ صَائِمًا [Such a one was during his day fasting; or he passed his day fasting]: (Lth, T:) and ظَلَّ نَهَارَهُ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا [He was in, or during, his day doing such a thing; or he passed his day doing such a thing]: (M, K:) and ظَلِلْتُ أَعْمَلُ كَذَا [I was in the day or daytime, or I passed the day, doing such a thing; or] I did such a thing in the day or daytime. (S, O, Msb. *) In the saying of 'Antarah, وَلَقَدْ أَبِيتُ عَلَى الطَّوَى وَأَظَلُّهُ حَتَّى أَنَالَ بِهِ كَرِيمَ المَأْكَلِ [app. meaning And verily I pass the night in hunger, and I pass the day in it, that I may attain thereby plentiful eating], أَظَلُّهُ is for أَظَلُّ عَلَيْهِ. (S, O.) And accord. to some, (TA,) ظَلَّ لَيْلَهُ occurs in poetry; (M, K, TA;) so that one says, ظَلَّ لَيْلَهُ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا [He was in, or during, his night, or he passed his night, doing such a thing]: but it is said that in this case the verb has the meaning next following. (TA.) b2: and it signifies also He, or it, became; syn. صَارَ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) being in this sense likewise an incomplete [i. e. a non-attributive] verb, divested of that meaning of time which it radically denotes; as in the phrase in the Kur [xvi. 60 and xliii. 16], ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا [His face becomes black]: so says Ibn-Málik: (TA:) or this may mean his face continues all the day black: (Bd in xvi. 60:) and one says also, ظَلَّ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا meaning He continued doing such a thing: this too is mentioned by Ibn-Málik, and is of the dial. of the people of Syria. (TA.) b3: It is also a complete [i. e. an attributive] verb as meaning He, or it, continued; as is said in the Expos. of the “ Shifè,” and by Ibn-Málik; and, as Ibn-Málik likewise says, it was, or became, long. (TA.) 2 ظللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ [He made it to give shade over him, or it,] (M,) inf. n. تَظْلِيلٌ. (O.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 160, and the like is said in ii. 54], وَظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الغَمَامَ And we made the clouds to give shade over them. (M.) b2: [And ظللّٰهُ signifies He shaded him, or it. See an ex. in a verse of Jereer in art. ردف, conj. 3.] لٰكِنْ عَلَى الأَثَلَاتِ لَحْمٌ لَا يُظَلَّلُ [But at the tamarisk-trees is flesh that will not be shaded, or, accord. to the reading given by Meyd, بِالأَثَلَاتِ,] is a prov., said by Beyhes, in allusion to the flesh of his slain brothers, on the occasion of persons saying, ظَلِّلُوا لَحْمَ جَزُورِكُمْ [Shade ye the flesh of your slaughtered camel]. (S, O.) A2: See also 4.

A3: One says also ظلّل بِالسَّوْطِ, meaning He made a sign with the whip for the purpose of frightening. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 4 اظلّ, said of a day, It was, (S, O,) or became, (M, K,) shady, or a day having shade: (S, M, O, K:) or it was a day having clouds, or other [causes of shade]: (T:) or it was continually shady; as also ↓ ظَلَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. ظِلَالَةٌ. (Msb.) b2: And, said of a thing, [It extended its shade; or] its shade extended; as also ↓ ظلّل. (Msb.) A2: أَظَلَّتْنِى الشَّجَرَةُ [The tree shaded me, or afforded me shade]: and in like manner one says of other things than trees. (S, O.) أَظَلَّكَ said of a building, or of a mountain, or of a cloud, means It protected thee, and cast its shade upon thee. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence,] اظلّهُ (assumed tropical:) He took him into his shelter, or protection: (TA:) or he guarded, or protected, him, and placed him within the scope of his might, or power of resistance or defence. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b3: And أَظَلَّنِى (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) covered me: (M, K:) or it approached me, or drew near to me, so as to cast its shade upon me: (K:) or it has both of these meanings: (M:) or أَظَلَّكَ means he, (T, S,) or it, (O,) approached thee, or drew near to thee, as though he, or it, cast his, or its, shade upon thee. (T, S, O.) And hence one says, أَظَلَّكَ أَمْرٌ (assumed tropical:) An event approached thee, or drew near to thee: (S, O:) and in like manner one says of a month. (T, S, O.) And اظلّ [alone] (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) advanced: or approached, or drew near. (Msb.) And i. q. أَشْرَفَ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) He, or it, became within sight, or view]. (Msb.) 5 تَظَلَّّ see the next paragraph. It is also pronounced تَظَلَّى: (IAar, T:) and signifies He kept to shady places, and to ease, or repose: (IAar, T and K in art. ظلى:) it is like تَظَنَّيْتُ from الظَّنُّ. (T in that art.) 10 استظلّ, (T,) or استظلّ بِالِظِّلِّ, (Msb, TA,) He (a man, T) sheltered, or protected, himself by means of the shade: (T, TA:) or the latter means he inclined to the shade and sat in it. (M, K.) And استظلّ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ and بِهِ means↓ تَظَلَّلَ [i. e. he shaded himself (تظلّل being quasi-pass. of ظَلَّلَهُ) from the thing and by means of it]. (M, K.) You say, استظلّ بِهِ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ [He shaded himself with it, or by means of it, from the sun]. (T.) And استظلّ بِالشَّجَرَةِ He shaded and sheltered himself by means of the tree. (Ibn-'Abbád, S, O.) b2: استظلّ الدَّمُ The blood was in the جَوْف [or belly, or interior of the belly, or the chest]. (T, O, K, TA. [In the CK, من الجَوْفِ is put for فِى الجَوْفِ.]) b3: استظلّت العَيْنُ, (T, Ibn-'Abbád, O,) or العُيُونُ, (K,) The eye, (T, Ibn-'Abbád, O,) meaning that of a she-camel, (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) or the eyes, (K,) sank, or became depressed, in the head. (T, Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b4: And استظلّ الكَرْمُ The grape-vine became luxuriant, or abundant and dense, in its branches whereon were the bunches. (M, K.) ظِلٌّ properly signifies Shade; i. e. the light of the sun without the rays: when there is no light, it is ظُلْمَةٌ, not ظِلٌّ: (S, O:) contr. of ضِحٌّ: (M, K:) or i. q. فَىْءٌ: (K:) so some say: (M:) or so the [common] people say: (IKt, Msb:) or the former is [shade] in the morning; and the latter is in the evening: (M, K:) or, accord. to IKt, the former is in the morning and in the evening; but the latter is only after the declining of the sun from the meridian: ISk says that the former is from the rising of the sun to its declining; and the latter, from the declining to the setting: Th says that the ظِلّ of a tree &c. is in the morning; and the فَىْء, in the evening: (Msb:) Ru-beh says, (M, Msb,) any place, (M,) or any thing, (Msb,) upon which the sun has been and which it has quitted is termed ظِلٌّ and فَىْءٌ; (M, Msb;) but a thing [or place] upon which the sun has not been is termed ظِلٌّ [only]; and hence it is said that the sun annuls, or supersedes, the ظِلّ, and the فَىْء annuls, or supersedes, the sun: (Msb:) AHeyth says, the ظِلّ is anything upon which the sun has not come; and the term فَىْء is applied only after the declining of the sun; the فَىْء being eastwards and the ظِلّ being westwards; and the ظِلّ being termed ظِلّ from the beginning of the day to the declining of the sun; after which it is termed فَىْء until the night: (T, TA:) one says the ظِلّ of Paradise, but not its فَىْء, because the sun will never replace its ظِلّ; but En-Nábighah El-Jaadee has assigned to Paradise فَىْء having ظِلَال: (M, TA:) in a verse of Aboo-Sakhr ElHudhalee, ظِلٌّ is made fem. as meaning مَنِيَّة [i. e. death]: (Ham p. 161:) the pl. [of mult.] is ظِلَالٌ (S, M, O, K) and ظُلُولٌ and [of pauc.] أَظْلَالٌ. (M, O, K.) The saying of a rájiz, كَأَنَّمَا وَجْهُكَ ظِلٌّ مِنْ حَجَرْ [As though thy face were a shade of a stone] is said to mean hardness of face, and shamelessness: or the being black in the face: (T, TA:) for the Arabs say that there is nothing more dense in shade than a stone. (TA.) قَدْ ضَحَا ظِلُّهُ [His shade, or shadow, has become sun] is said of the dead. (TA.) مَرَّ بِنَا كَأَنَّهُ ظِلُّ ذِئْبٍ [He passed by us as though he were the shadow of a wolf] means swiftly, as does a wolf. (M.) اِنْتَعَلَتْ ظِلَالَهَا (assumed tropical:) [They made their shadows to be as though they were sandals to them] is said of camels or other beasts when it is midday in summer and they have no shadow [but such as is beneath them]: a rájiz says, قَدْ وَرَدَتْ تَمْشِى عَلَى ظِلَالِهَا وَذَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى قِلَالِهَا [They came to the water walking upon their shadows, and the sun was intensely hot upon the tops of their heads and humps]. (T.) And one says, هُوَ يَتْبَعُ ظِلَّ نَفْسِهِ (tropical:) [He follows the shadow of himself; i. e. a thing that he will not overtake; for], as a poet says, the shadow that goes with thee thou wilt not overtake by following: and هُوَ يُبَارِى ظِلَّ نَفْسِهِ (tropical:) [He strives to outstrip the shadow of himself], meaning that he walks with a proud and self-conceited gait: so in the A. (TA.) And اِنْتَقَلْتُ عَنْ ظِلِّى (tropical:) I left my state, or condition. (TA.) And تَرَكَ الظَّبْىُ ظِلَّهُ: so in the T and S and O: (TA:) but [said to be] correctly, أَتْرُكُهُ تَرْكَ الظَّبْىِ ظِلَّهُ, (K,) or لَأَتْرُكَنَّهُ, (M, TA,) i. e. [I will forsake him, or I will assuredly forsake him, as the gazelle forsakes] the place of its shade: (O, TA:) [each, however, is app. right; and the former is the more agreeable with the following explanations:] a prov., (M,) applied to the man who is wont to take fright and flee; for the gazelle, when it takes fright and flees from a thing, never returns to it: (S, O, K:) by the ظِلّ is here meant the covert in which it shades and shelters itself in the vehemence of the heat; then the hunter comes to it and rouses it, and it will not return thither; and one says, تَرَكَ الظَّبْىُ ظِلَّهُ, meaning the place of its shade: it is applied to him who takes fright and flees from a thing, and forsakes it so as not to return to it; and to the case of a man's forsaking his companion. (Meyd.) [ثَقِيلُ الظِّلِّ as applied to a man, see expl. in art. ثقل: see also Har p. 250, where it is indicated that it may be rendered One whose shadow, even, is oppressive, and therefore much more so is his person.] In the phrase وَلَا الظِّلُّ وَلَا الْحَرُورُ, (M, K) in the Kur [xxxv. 20], Th says, accord. to some, (M,) الظِّلُّ means Paradise; (M, K;) and الحَرُورُ, the fire [of Hell]: but he adds, I say that الظِّلُّ is the ظِلّ itself [i. e. shade], and الحَرُورُ is the حَرّ itself [i. e. heat]: (M: [see also حَرُورٌ:]) and Er-Rághib says that ظِلٌّ is sometimes assigned to anything; whether it be approved, as in the phrase above mentioned; or disapproved, as in وَظِلٍّ مِنْ يَحْمُومٍ

in the Kur [lvi. 42, meaning And shade of smoke, or black smoke]. (TA.) And الظِّلَالُ meansظِلَالُ الجَنَّةِ [The shades of Paradise]: (Fr, T, O, K, TA:) in some copies of the K, وَالظِّلَالُ الجَنَّةُ, which is a mistake: (TA:) [but this requires consideration; for] El-'Abbás Ibn-'Abd-El-Muttalib says, مِنْ قَبْلِهَا طِبْتَ فِى الظِّلَالِ وَفِى مُسْتَوْدَعٍ حَيْثُ يُخْصَفُ الوَرَقُ [Before it t?? wast good in, or in the shades of, Paradise, and in a depositary in the part where leaves are sewed together to conceal the pudenda]; (T, O, TA;) i. e. before thy descent to the earth (to which the pronoun in قبلها relates), thou wast good in the loins of Adam when he was in Paradise. (TA.) الجَنَّةُ تَحْتَ ظِلَالِ السُّيُوفِ [Paradise is beneath the shades of the swords] is a trad., meaning that fighting against unbelievers is a way of attaining to Paradise. (Marg. note in a copy of the “ Jámi' es-Sagheer.) مُلَاعِبُ ظِلِّهِ is an appellation of A certain bird; [see art. لعب;] and one says مُلَاعِبَا ظِلِّهِمَا; and مُلَاعِبَاتُ ظِلِّهِنَّ: but when you make them indeterminate, you say مُلَاعِبَاتُ أَظْلَالِهِنَّ. (T, O, K. [But in the TA in art. لعب, it is said that one dualizes and pluralizes both nouns, because the appellation becomes determinate.]) b2: ظِلُّ اللَّيْلِ means (tropical:) The blackness of the night: (T, S, O, Msb;) metaphorically thus termed; (S;) as in the saying, أَتَانَا فِى ظِلِّ اللَّيْلِ [He came to us in the blackness of the night]: (S, O:) or it signifies جُنْحُ اللَّيْلِ [app. as meaning the darkness, and confusedness, of the night; see جُنْحٌ]; (M, TA;) or so الظِّلُّ: (K:) or this means the night, (M, K, TA,) itself; (M, TA;) so the astronomers say: (TA:) all the night is ظِلٌّ: and so is all the period from the shining of the dawn to the rising of the sun. (T.) b3: ظِلُّ النَّهَارِ is The colour of the day when the sun predominates over it [app. meaning when the light of the sun predominates over that of the early dawn]. (K.) b4: ظِلُّ السَّحَابِ means Such, of the clouds, as conceal the sun: or the blackness of the clouds. (M, K.) b5: And ظِلَالُ البَحْرِ means The waves of the sea; (O, K, TA;) because they are raised so as to shade the ship and those that are in it. (TA.) b6: ظِلٌّ also signifies A خَيَال (M, O, K) that is seen, (M, K,) [i. e. an apparition, a phantom, or a thing that one sees like a shadow, i. e. what we term a shade,] of the jinn, or genii, and of others: (M, O, K:) or the like of a خَيَال of the jinn. (T.) b7: Also Anything that shades one. (TA.) b8: And it is the subst. from أَظَلَّنِى الشَّىْءُ meaning “ the thing covered me; ” (M, K;) [i. e. it means A covering;] in which sense Th explains it in the phrase إِلَى ظِلٍّ ذِى ثَلَاثِ شُعَبٍ [in the Kur lxxvii. 30, Unto a covering having three parts, or divisions]; saying, the meaning is that the fire will have covered them; not that its ظِلّ will be like that of the present world. (M. [See شُعْبَةٌ.]) And ظِلُّ الشَّىْءِ means (assumed tropical:) That which serves for the veiling, covering, or protecting, of the thing; syn. كِنُّهُ. (M.) [Hence] one says, فُلَانٌ يَعِيشُ فِى ظِلِّ فُلَانٍ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [Such a one lives] in the shelter, or protection, of such a one. (T, * S, O, Msb, * K. *) And السُّلْطَانُ ظِلُّ اللّٰهِ فِى الأَرْضِ, (O, TA,) a saying of the Prophet, (O,) [meaning (assumed tropical:) The sovereign, or ruling, power is God's means of defence in the earth,] because he wards off harm from the people like as the ظِلّ [properly so called] wards off the harm of the heat of the sun: (TA:) or the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) God's means of protection: or God's خَاصَّة [or special servant]. (O, TA.) b9: Also (assumed tropical:) Might; or power of resistance or defence: (M, K, TA:) whence [as some say] its usage in the Kur xiii. 35, and the usage of [the pl.] ظِلَال in xxxvi. 56 and in lxxvii. 41: [but the primary signification is more appropriate in these instances:] and so in the saying, جَعَلَنِى فِى ظِلِّهِ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He placed me within the scope of his might, or power of resistance or defence]: so says Er-Rághib. (TA.) b10: And (assumed tropical:) A state of life ample in its means or circumstances, unstraitened, or plentiful, and easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate. (TA.) b11: Also (assumed tropical:) The beginning of winter. (T, O. [Accord. to the copies of the K, of youthfulness: but I think that الشَّبَاب in this instance, in the K, is evidently a mistranscription for الشِّتَآء.]) And (assumed tropical:) The vehemence (T, O, K) of the heat (T, O) of summer. (T, O, K.) b12: Also (assumed tropical:) The شَخْص [as meaning person of a human being, and as meaning the bodily or corporeal form or figure or substance which one sees from a distance, or the material substance,] of anything; (M, K, TA; [in the second and third of which is added, “or its كِنّ,” a signification which I have mentioned above on the authority of the M;]) because of its [apparent] blackness [or darkness, resembling that of a shade or shadow]: (M, TA:) whence the saying, لَا يُفَارِقُ ظِلِّى ظِلَّكَ (assumed tropical:) [My person will not quit thy person]; like the saying, لَا يُفَارِقُ سَوَادِى سَوَادَكَ: and the following exs. have been cited as instances of ظِلّ in the sense of شَخْص: the saying of a poet, لَمَّا نَزَلْنَا رَفَعْنَا ظِلَّ أَخْبِيَةٍ

[as though meaning When we alighted, we raised the material fabric of tents], for it is said that they do not set up the ظِلّ which is the فَىْء, but they only set up the tents; and the saying of another, تَتَبَّعَ أَفْيَآءَ الظِّلَالِ عَشِيَّةً

[as though meaning He followed the shadows of the material objects in the evening]: but Er-Rághib says that the former means, we raised the tents, and so raised the ظِلّ thereof; and in the other ex., الظلال is a general term, and الفَىْء [or افيآء] is a special term, so that it is an instance of the إِضَافَة of a thing to its kind [i. e. of prefixing a noun to one significant of its kind]. (TA.) [See also ظَلَالَةٌ.] b13: And accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, (O,) it signifies also The nap, or villous substance, upon the surface of a garment, or piece of cloth; syn. زِئْبِرٌ. (O, K.) ظَلَّةٌ i. q. إِقَامَةٌ [Continuance, residence, abode, &c.]. (K.) b2: And i. q. صِحَّةٌ: thus accord. to the copies of the K; but this may be a mistranscription; for Az and others mention, among the significations of ظلّة, [in a copy of the T, written in this case, as in others, ↓ ظُلَّة,] that of صَيْحَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) ظُلَّةٌ A thing that covers, or protects, [or shades,] one, overhead: accord. to Lth, i. q. ↓ مَظَلَّةٌ or مِظَلَّةٌ meaning a thing that shades one from the sun: (T:) see an ex. voce مِظَلَّةٌ: a covering: and i. q. بُرْطُلَّةٌ: (M, K:) this latter word correctly signifies a مِظَلَّة for the summer: (TA in art. برطل:) and a thing by which one is protected from the cold and the heat: (M:) anything that protects and shades one, as a building or a mountain or a cloud: (Mgh:) the first portion that shades (Az, S, K) of a cloud (Az, S) or of clouds; (K;) accord. to Er-Rághib, mostly said of that which is deemed unwholesome, and which is disliked; whence the use of the word in the Kur 7:171: (TA:) and what shades one, of trees: (K:) or anything that forms a covering over one, (T, TA,) or shades one: (T:) and [particularly] a thing like the صُفَّة [q. v.], (S, M, O, K,) by which one protects himself from the heat and the cold: (K:) or, accord. to the lawyers, ظُلَّةُ الدَّارِ means the سُدَّة [or projecting roof] over the door of the house: or that of which the beams have one end upon the house and the other end upon the wall of the opposite neighbour: (Mgh:) pl. ظُلَلٌ (S, M, O, K) and ظِلَالٌ. (M, K.) [See also ظَلَالٌ.] One says also, دَامَتْ ظُلَّةُ الظِّلِّ and الظِّلِّ ↓ ظِلَالَةُ, meaning That whereby one shades himself, (K, TA,) of trees, or of stones, or of other things, (TA,) [continued.] عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ, in the Kur. [26:189], is said to mean [The punishment of the day of] clouds beneath which was a hot wind (سَمُوم): (S, O, K:) or an overshadowing cloud, beneath which they collected themselves together, seeking protection thereby from the heat that came upon them, whereupon it covered them, (T, * K, TA,) and they perished beneath it: (T, TA:) or, accord. to some, i. q. عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الصُّفَّةِ. (T: see art. صف.) and لَهُمْ مِنْ فَوْــقِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ مِنَ النَّارِ وَمِنْ تَحْتِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ, in the Kur [36:16], means To them shall be above them coverings of fire, and beneath them coverings to those below them; Hell consisting of stages, one beneath another. (T, TA.) Seditions, or conflicts and factions, are mentioned in a trad. as being like ظُلَل, by which are meant Mountains, and clouds: and El-Kumeyt likens waves of the sea to ظُلَل. (TA.) And [the pl.]

ظُلَلٌ is used as meaning The chambers of a prison. (M, TA.) A2: See also ظَلَّةٌ.

ظِلَّةٌ i. q. ظِلَالٌ; (T, K, TA;) app. a pl. of ظَلِيلٌ, like as طِلَّةٌ is of طَلِيلٌ. (TA.) ظَلَلٌ Water that is beneath a tree, (O,) or beneath trees, (K,) upon which the sun does not come. (O, K.) [See also ضَلَلٌ.]

ظَلَالٌ, like سَحَابٌ, [so accord. to the K, but in my copies of the S, ↓ ظِلَال,] A thing that shades one, (IAar, S, O, K, TA,) such as a cloud, (IAar, S, TA,) and the like. (IAar, TA.) [See also ظُلَّةٌ.]

ظِلَالٌ pl. of ظِلٌّ: (S, M, O, K:) b2: and of ظُلَّةٌ. (M, K.) b3: [Also, app., pl. of ظَلِيلٌ: see ظِلَّةٌ. b4: Freytag has app. understood it to be expl. in the K as syn. with مَظَلَّةٌ; though it certainly is not.] b5: See also ظَلَالٌ.

مَكَانٌ ظَلِيلٌ A place having shade: (M, K:) or having constant shade. (T, S, M, O, K.) and hence ظِلٌّ ظَلِيلٌ (M, K) Constant shade: (S:) or extensive shade: (O:) or in this case the latter word denotes intensiveness [meaning dense]; (M, K, TA;) being like شَاعِرٌ in the phrase شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ. (TA.) ظِلًّا ظَلِيلًا in the Kur iv. 60 is said by Er-Rághib to be an allusion to ease and pleasantness of life. (TA.) One says also أَيْكَةٌ ظَلِيلَةٌ A collection of trees tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense. (TA.) In the saying of Uheyhah Ibn-El-Juláh, describing palm-trees, هِىَ الظِّلُّ فِى الحَرِّ حَقَّ الظَّلِ?? ??لِ وَالمَنْظَرُ الأَحْسَنُ الأَجْمَلُ [ISd says] in my opinion, he means الشَّىْءُ الظَّلِيلُ حَقَّ الظَّلِيلِ; [so that the verse should be rendered They are the shade in the heat, the shady thing, the extremely shady, and the most goodly, the most beautiful, thing at which one looks; (see the phrase هٰذَا العَالِمُ حَقَّ العَالِمِ, voce حَقٌّ;)] the inf. n. being put in the place of the subst. (M.) لَا ظَلِيلٍ in the Kur [lxxvii. 31] means Not profitable as the shade in protecting from the heat. (TA.) ظَلَالَةٌ, (M, TA,) with fet-h, (TA,) the subst. from the verb in the phrase ظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الغَمَامَ [expl. above, see 2; as such app. meaning either The making to give shade, like the inf. n. تَظْلِيلٌ, or a thing that gives shade, like ظِلَالَةٌ]. (M, TA.) b2: And i. q. شَخْصٌ [expl. above, see ظِلٌّ, last quarter]: (O, K:) and so طَلَالَةٌ, with ط. (O.) ظِلَالَةٌ: see ظُلَّةٌ. b2: Also A cloud that one sees by itself, and of which one sees the shadow upon the earth. (K.) b3: And one says, رَأَيْتُ ظِلَالَةً مِنَ الطَّيْرِ i. e. غَيَابَةً [app. meaning I saw a covert, or place of concealment, of birds]. (TA.) ظَلِيلَةٌ A place in which a little water collects and stagnates in a water-course and the like: (Lth, T:) or a place in which water collects and stagnates in the lower part of the torrent of a valley: (M, K:) or the like of an excavated hollow in the interior of a water-course, such that the water stops, and remains therein: (AA, O:) pl. ظَلَائِلُ. (Lth, AA, T, O.) And A meadow (رَوْضَة) abounding with collections of trees, or of dense and tangled trees: (AA, T, O, K:) pl. as above. (K.) ظُلَّيْلَةٌ A thing which a man makes for himself, of trees, or of a garment, or piece of cloth, by which to protect himself from the heat of the sun: a vulgar word. (TA.) ظُلْظُلٌ i. q. سُعْنٌ, i. e. A ↓ مِظَلَّة [q. v.; or as expl. in the L, in art. سعن, a ظُلَّة (q. v.), or a thing like the ظُلَّة, which is made upon the flat house-tops, for the purpose of guarding against the dew that comes from the direction of the sea in the time of the greatest heat]; on the authority of IAar. (T. [Accord. to the O and K, i. q. سُفُنٌ, which is evidently a mistranscription.]) أَظَلُّ [More, and most, dense in shade]. The Arabs say, لَيْسَ شَىْءٌ أَظَلَّ مِنْ حَجَرٍ [There is not anything more dense in shade than a stone]. (TA.) b2: And أَظَلّ, [as a subst., i. e. أَظَلٌّ accord. to a general rule, or, if regarded as originally an epithet, it may be أَظَلُّ,] by poetic license أَظْلَل, (S, M, O, K,) signifies The under part, (S, O,) or the concealed part, (M, AHei, K,) of the مَنْسِم, (S, M, O, K,) or of the خُفّ, (AHei, TA,) [the former app. here used, as it is said be in other cases, in the same sense as the latter, meaning the foot,] of the camel; (S, M, O, AHei, K;) so called because of its being concealed: (AHei, TA:) and, (M, K,) in a human being, (M,) الأَظَلُّ signifies بَطْنُ الإِصْبَعِ; (M, K;) and [ISd says] this is in my opinion the right explanation; but it is said that أَظَلُّ الإِنْسَانِ signifies بُطُونُ أَصَابِعِهِ, which means the portion, of what is next to the fore part [of the bottom] of the foot, from the root of the great toe to the root of the little toe, of the human being: (M:) the pl. is ظُلٌّ, which is anomalous, (M, K,) or formed after the manner of the pl. of an epithet: (M:) or الظُّلُّ فِى الإِنْسَانِ means the roots, or bases, (أُصُول) of what are termed بُطُونُ الأَصَابِعِ, next to the fore part [of the bottom] of the foot. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) Hence the prov., إِنْ يَدْمَ أَظَلُّكَ فَقَدْ نَقِبَ خُفِّى [If the fore part of the sole of thy foot be bleeding, the sole of my foot has become worn through, in holes: see نَقِبَ]: said to the complainer to him who is in a worse condition than he. (AHei, TA.) مظلّ [app. مَظِلٌّ, being from ظَلَّ of which the aor. is يَظِلُّ; A place of shade, or of continual shade]. One says, هٰذَا مُنَاخِى وَمَحَلِّى وَبَيْتِى وَمظلِّى

[This is my nightly resting-place for the camels, and my place of abode, and my tent, and my place of shade, or of continual shade]. (TA.) مُظِلٌّ A thing having shade; by means of which one shades himself; as also ↓ مُظَلِّلٌ. (Msb.) And [A cloudy day;] a day having clouds: or having continual shade. (TA.) مِظَلَّةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and مَظَلَّةٌ, (T, M, Msb, K,) the former with kesr to the م as an instrumental noun, (Msb,) [and the latter with fet-h as a noun of place,] A large tent of [goats'] hair; (S, O, Msb;) more ample than the خِبَآء; so says El-Fárábee: (Msb:) one of the kinds of tents of the Arabs of the desert, the largest of the tents of [goats'] hair; next after which is the وَسُوط; and then, the خِبَآء, which is the smallest of the tents of [goats'] hair; so says Az: but Aboo-Málik says that the مظلّة and the خبآء are small and large: IAar says that the خَيْمَة is of poles roofed with [the panic grass called] ثَمَام, and is not of cloths; but the مظلّة is of cloths: (T:) or it is of the tents called أَخْبِيَة; (M;) such as is large, of the أَخْبِيَة; (K;) and it is said to be only of cloths; and it is large, having a رِوَاق [q. v.]; but sometimes it is of one oblong piece of cloth (شُقَّة), and of two such pieces, and of three; and sometimes it has a كِفَآء, which is its hinder part: or, accord. to Th, it is peculiarly of [goats'] hair: (M:) see also ظُلَّةٌ, and ظُلْظُلٌ: the pl. is مَظَالُّ; (M, Msb;) and مَظَالِ or مَظَالِى

occurs at the end of a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abee-'Áïdh El-Hudhalee, for مَظَالِّ; the [latter]

ل being either elided, or changed into ى. (M.) عِلَّةٌ مَا عِلَّةُ أَوْتَادٍ وَأَخِلَّةٍ وَعَمَدِ المِظَلَّةِ اُبْرُزُوا لِصِهْرِكُمْ

↓ ظُلَّةٌ [A pretext: what is the pretext of tentpegs, and of pins for fastening together the edges of the pieces of the tent-cloth, and of the poles of the large tent? go ye forth: he who has married among you has a tent for shade from the sun:] is a prov., and was said by a girl who had been married to a man, and whose family delayed to conduct her to her husband, urging in excuse that they had not the apparatus of the tent: she said this to urge them, and to put a stop to their excuse: (Meyd, TA: *) and the prov. is applied in attributing untruth to pretexts. (Meyd.) b2: Hence, as being likened thereto, (assumed tropical:) A booth, or shed, made of palm-sticks, and covered with [the panic grass called] ثُمَام. (Msb.) b3: And The thing [i. e. umbrella] by means of which kings are shaded on the occasion of their riding; called in Pers\. چَتْر. (TA.) عَرْشٌ مُظَلَّلٌ [A booth, or shed, shaded over] is from الظِّلُّ. (S.) مُظَلِّلٌ: see مُظِلٌّ.

مُسْتَظِلٌّ Blood that is in the جَوْف [or belly, or interior of the belly, or the chest]. (T, O.) b2: And [Az says,] I heard a man of the tribe of Teiyi apply the term المُسْتَظِلَّاتُ [so accord. to a copy of the T, but in the TA المُسْتَظِلُّ,] to Certain thin flesh, adhering to the interior of the two fetlock-joints of the camel, than which there is in the flesh of the camel none thinner, nor any softer, but there is in it no grease. (T.)

قيس

1 قاس الشَىْءَ بِغَيْرِهِ, and عَلَى غَيْرِهِ, (S, A, * Msb, * K *; the first and last in this art. and in art. قوس;) and إِلَى غَيْرِهِ, (A, TA,) aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. قَيْسٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and قِيَاسٌ, (S, A, K,) [which latter is the more common,] He measured the thing (S, A, Msb. K) by another thing (S, Msb, K) like it; (S, K;) [both in the proper sense and mentally; often meaning he compared the thing with another thing;] as also قَاسَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَوْسٌ (S, Msb, K; the first and last in art. قوس;) and قِيَاسٌ; (S;) [the latter of which verbs, though the less common, is, accord. to the JK, the original;] and so ↓ اقتاسهُ; (A, K;) and ↓ قيّسهُ; (TA;) and so بِهِ ↓ قايسهُ, (Msb,) and إِلَيْهِ, (TA,) inf. n. مُقَايَسَةٌ and قِيَاسٌ: (Msb:) the first of these verbs is said to be trans. by means of على because implying the meaning of founding [a thing upon another thing]; and by means of الى because implying the meaning of adjoining or conjoining and collecting [a thing to another thing]. (MF.) You say, قَاسَهُ بِالْمِقْيَاسِ [He measured it with the measure]. (A.) and قَاسَ الطَّبِيبُ قَعْرَ الجِرَاحَةِ, (TA,) and قَاسَ الشَّحَّةَ, (A,) inf. n. قَيْسٌ, (TA,) The physician measured the depth of the wound, (TA,) and the depth of the wound in the head, (A,) بِالْمِقْيَاسِ with the probe. (A, TA.) And جَارِيَةٌ تَخْطُو قَيْسًا (tropical:) A damsel that steps with even, or equal, steps: (A:) or قَيْسًا signifies with measured steps, at a moderate and just pace, as though with equal steps: (IAth:) or قَيْسٌ signifies the walking with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side. (K.) And فُلَانٌ يَأْتِى بِمَا يَأْتِى قَيْسًا (tropical:) [Such a one does what he does, or says what he says, by measure, or by rule]. (A.) b2: [Hence, (assumed tropical:) He determined, or judged of, the thing by comparing it with another thing; i. e., by analogy: and he compared the thing with another thing. and قَاسَ عَلَيْهِ He judged by comparison therewith. And He copied it as a model.]2 قَيَّسَ see 1.3 قايسهُ بِهِ, and إلَيْهِ: see 1. You say, قَبَحَ اللّٰهُ قَوْمًا يُسَوِّدُونَكَ وَيُقَايِسُونَ بِرَأْيِكَ [May God remove far from prosperity a people who make thee lord, or chief, and who measure things by thy judgment, or by thine opinion]. (A, TA.) b2: قَايَسْتُ بَيْنَ الأَمْرَيْنِ, (S, K,) or الشَّيْئَيْنِ, (A,) inf. n. مُقَايَسَةٌ and قِيَاسٌ, (S,) I measured, or compared, the two things, or cases, together; syn. قَدَّرْتُ, (K,) or قَادَرْتُ بِيْنَهُمَا. (L.) b3: قَايَسْتُهُ, (K,) i. e., قَايَسْتُ فُلَانًا, (S,) i. q. جَارَيْتُهُ فِى القِيَاسِ [I vied, or contended, with him, namely, such a one, in measuring, or comparing; app. meaning, in measuring, or comparing, myself, or my abilities, with him, or his: see قَادَرْتُهُ]. b4: [This verb is mentioned in the S in art. قوس.]6 تقايس القَوْمُ The people mentioned [and app. compared] their several wants (مَآرِبَهُمْ [but I think it probable that this is a mistranscription for مَآثِرَهُمْ their generous qualities or the like]). (TA.) 7 انقاس It was, or became, measured by another thing like it. (S, in art. قوس; and K, in the present art.) b2: (assumed tropical:) [It was, or became, determined, or judged of, by comparison, or analogy.] You say, هٰذِهِ مَسْئَلَةٌ لَا تَنْقَاسُ (assumed tropical:) [This is a question not to be determined, or judged of, by comparison, or analogy]. (A, TA.) 8 إِقْتَيَسَ see 1. b2: هُوَ يَقْتَاسُ بِأَبِيهِ He follows the way of his father, and imitates him. (S, K, in art. قوس; and mentioned in the K in the present art. also.) The medial radical is both و and ى. (K.) قَاسُ رُمْحٍ: see قِيسُ رُمْحٍ.

بَيْنَهُمَا قِيسُ رُمْحٍ (S, A, K *) and رُمْحٍ ↓ قَاسُ (S, K) Between them two is the measure of a spear: (S, K: *) like قِيدُ رُمْحٍ (TA) [and قَادُ رُمْحٍ]. And هٰذِهِ الخَشَبَةُ قِيسُ إِصْيَعٍ This piece of wood is of the measure of a finger. (A, * TA.) [Both are said in the A to be tropical; but wherefore, 1 see not.]

قِيَاسٌ: see 1 and 3. b2: [Used as a simple subst., Measurement. b3: Comparison. b4: Ratiocination. b5: The premises of a syllogism, taken together: and also applied to a syllogism entire. b6: Analogy: rule. You say, هٰذَا عَلَى القِيَاسِ This is according to analogy, or to rule. And هٰذَا عَلَى غَيْرِ قيَاسٍ This is contrary to analogy, or to rule. And عَلَى قِيَاسِ كَذَا After the manner of such a thing.]

قِيَاسِىٌّ Mensural. b2: Comparative. b3: Ratiocinative. b4: Relating, or belonging, to the premises of a syllogism: and also, syllogistic. b5: Analogous; regular: as also ↓ مَقِيسٌ, improperly written by some European scholars مُقَيَّسٌ.]

قَيَّاسٌ A man who practises قِيَاس [i. e. measurement, or comparison, &c.,] much, or often. (TA.) A2: Also, i. q. قَوَّاسٌ, q. v. (TA.) قَائِسٌ act. part. n. of 1. b2: One who measures the depth of a wound in the head [&c.] with a probe. (TA.) مَقِيسٌ pass. part. n. of 1. You say, هُوَ مَقِيسٌ عَلَيْهِ [and بِهِ, meaning, He, or it, is a person, or thing, whereby others are measured; to which others are compared; an object of imitation; a model, an exemplar, or a standard]. (A, TA.) b2: See also قِيَاسِىٌّ.

مِقْيَاسٌ A measure, or thing with which anything is measured; syn. مِقْدَارٌ: (S, Msb, K:) pl. مَقَايِيسُ. (A.) You say, قَاسَهُ بِالْمِقْيَاسِ [He measured it with the measuring-instrument]. (A.) And قَصُرَ مِقْيَاسُكَ فِى مِقْيَاسِى Thy measure (مِثَالُكَ) fell short of my measure. (TA.) b2: A probe with which the depth of a wound is measured. (A, TA.) b3: مِقْيَاسُ النِّيلِ The Nilometer. (TA.)

قيس: قيس على: (بوشر).
قاس: جرب الشيء ليرى إذا كان على قده، يقال: قاس الثوب وقاس الحذاء. (الكالا).
قاس: تدربن وبخاصة تدرب على استعمال السلاح في المبارزة والقتال. (الكالا).
قاس: سبر، حج الجرح، قدر غوره. (ففي كتاب العقود (ص5): أصيب رجل بجرح في رأسه فقاسه الحكيم وإذ هو قد بلغ العظم.
قاس: حكم في خلاف، فصل في أمر بوصفه حكما. (الكالا).
قاس: صوب، سدد نحو الهدف. (بوشر، ودلأبورت ص141).
قاس: رش الماء، صب الماء. (دوماس حياة العرب ص484).
قيس: مسح الأرض، قدر مساحتها. (هلة).
قايس: قارن بشيء آخر، ووازن بينهما.
ويقال: قايس له أو قايس ب (فوك).
أقيس، قارن، وازن. ويقال: اقس مع (فوك).
قيس: والجمع اقياس: مقياس, ما سقاس به من أداة أو آلة. (فوك).
قيس: حوالي، زهاء، قرب نحو من تقريبا (فوك).
بقيس: بعده، في أثره، وراءه. (فوك).
قيسة. عود القيسة: انظرها في مادة عود. قياس وجمعه قياسات. (فوك بوشر، أبو الوليد ص 149، ص 407، المقدمة 3: 140) واقيسة (فوك المقدمة 2: 342).
قياس: استبدال، برهان، برهنة، تحقيق القول وإثباته بالبراهين. (بوشر، دي ساسي طرائف 1: 91).
قياس: استدلال جدلي، قياسي. (المقدمة 3: 140).
قياس: حجة، دليل، برهان. (بوشر).
قياس: استنتاج، ما يستنتج. (بوشر). قياس: فرضية، ظنية، رأى ما اثبت بعد. (بوشر).
بالقياس: بالحدس، بالتخمين، بالظن. (بوشر).
بتاع قياسات: صاحب منهج، صاحب نظرية، ذو فكر منهجي نظامي. (بوشر).
بالقياس إلى: بالنسبة إلى. (دي ساسي طرائف 2: 323).
بعيد عن القياس: محال، مستحيل، ما يضاد العقل والصواب، خلف (تاريخ البربر 2: 3).
قياس: قوة التمييز، قوة الإدراك والفهم التي تقارن وتحكم. (الكالا) وفيه (=عقل).
قياس: مقياس، ما تقاس به الكميات والأحجام. (فوك، الكالا، بوشر).
قياس: مقاس القدم الذي يأخذه الاسكاف. (دلابورت ص90).
بقياس: بحشمة، بهدوء، تمثيل. برصانة، بتعقل، بحكمة، باحتشام. (الكالا).
قياس: باع، طول ذراعين مقياس بحري يتراوح طوله بين متر ونصف ومترين.
(الكالا= قامة، معجم الأسبانية ص185).
قياس: بقياس، خط مقسم إلى درجات تدل على المسافات. (بوشر).
قياس: تسوية، تمهيد، توطئة، تعديل (بوشر).
بقياس: مساواة. على المستوى الأفقي. (الكالا).
قياس: آلة يعرف بها إذا ما كان السطح أفقيا أي في وضع أفقي. (بوشر).
قياس: تحكيم، وقرار يصدره حكم في موضوع خصومه. (الكالا).
قياس: مادة، موضع بحث. (الكالا).
قياس: تجربة ثوب جديد لمعرفة ملاءمته للجسم. أو عينة من شيء ما. كعينة من النبيذ للحكم عليه (الكالا).
قياس: تدريب على استعمال السلاح، تدريب على القتال. (الكالا).
قياس: غطاء (شرشف) الأريكة ذو أهداب (بوشر).
قياس: عند بعض العامة ضرب من الحصر دقيق القش محكم النسيج. (محيط المحيط).
قياس، والجمع قياسات: شرت. قشب، تقشر وورم من البرد. (بوشر).
علم القياس: فن ترسم وتصور به الأشياء بحسب رؤية العين، وهو قسم من علم البصريات (الكالا).
علم القياس: علم الهندسة. (همبرت ص92).
قياسة، والجمع قيايس: مركب شحن، صندل سفينة. (بوشر، مملوك 2، 2: 273). ويقول لايت (ص123) بالإنكليزية ما معناه: (وبدأت انحدر في النيل في قيش صغير أو مركب للنقل). صندل.
ويقول فيسكيه (ص60): كياسه قارب يستعمل للملاحة حين انحسار المياه، وهو قارب مسطح بطيء في سيره.
قياسي: جدلي، مختص بالجدل وهو القياس المنطقي. (بوشر).
قياسي: فرضي، افتراضي، ما كان بحسب قياس أو قاعدة. نسقي، منهجي. (بوشر).
قياس: مساح الأراضي. (فوك، بوشر).
قياس: ممهد، مسو، موطئ. أو الذي يقيس ويقدر بالفادن (بوشر).
أقيس: أكثر انسجاما مع القياس. (أبو الوليد ص161).
مقيس: حكم، وسيط. (الكالا).
مقيس: تحكيمي، وقرار الحكم. (الكالا).
مقيس: من يتدرب على الحرب، ومن يتدرب على استعمال الأسلحة. (الكالا).
مقياس، والجمع مقاييس: فرجار، بركار. (أماري ص18). ويقول رينو (جغرافية أبو الفدا ص67). في تعليقه على هذه العبارة: تطلق هذه الكلمة على ميل الزولة وهي الساعة الشمسية.
وهي مرادفة للكلمة اليونانية جنومون gnomon.
مقياس: مسبار، آلة لمعرفة عمق الماء. (فليشر معجم ص11).
مقياس الزمان: ميقت، آلة تعرف بها الأوقات (بوشر).
مقياس، والجمع مقاييس ومقايس: مثال، شبه، تماثل، تشابه. (الكامل ص112، المقري 1: 483، المقدمة 2: 349).
مقياس: هو في المغرب حلقة كبيرة من الذهب أو الفضة في شكل السوار تلبسها النساء في أرجلهن وأذرعهن. (الكالا، دومب ص82) وعند مارمول (2: 4): مكياز. وفيه (ص103): (وحليهن حبقات كبيرة من الذهب أو الفضة يسمينها مكايز). وهن لا يلبسن منها إلا حلقة واحدة في كل ذراع، وهذه الحلقات من الضخامة بحيث تزن الواحدة منها مائة دوكا (وهي نقد ذهبي قديم في البندقية) إن كانت من ذهب، وتزن عشرة دوكات أو اثني عشر دوكا إن كانت من فضة (هوست ص120). ويقول ميشيل (ص190): مكاييز حلقات كبيرة من الذهب حول كعب القدم (ص235): وعند بوسييه: مقياسة، والجمع مقياس ومقايس: سوار من العاج أو من المعدن. ففي كتاب العقود (ص4): وزوج الأساور وزوج المقياسة.
منقاس: قيس بالقامة وهي مقياس يساوي ستة أقدام. (بوشر).

صف

1 صَفَّ, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. صَفٌّ, (O, Msb, K, TA,) He set, or placed, or stationed, (S, M, Mgh, O, K,) a company of men, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) in war (S, O, K) &c., (O, K,) and a military force, (TA,) and also [in a similar sense] a thing, (Msb,) in a rank, or row, or line: (S, M, Mgh, O, K:) and likewise ↓ صفّف, (TA,) inf. n. تَصْفِيفٌ; (IDrd, O, K, TA;) but this has an intensive signification. (IDrd, O, TA.) b2: One says also of a she-camel, تَصُفُّ يَدَيْهَا عِنْدَ الحَلَبِ [She sets her fore legs evenly, side by side, not putting one of them in advance of the other, as if about to go onward, on the occasion of being milked]. (S, M, O, K.) [See also صَفَنَ, said of a man: and see صَانَ in art. صون.]) And [in like manner] one says, صَفَّتِ الإِبِلُ قَوَائِمَهَا [The camels set their legs in an even row]. (S, O.) b3: And of a she-camel one says also, تَصُفُّ أَقْدَاحًا مِنْ لَبَنِهَا إِذَا حُلِبَتْ [as though meaning She yields a row of bowls of her milk when she is milked], because of the abundance of her milk. (S, O, K *.) And تَصُفُّ بَيْنَ مِحْلَبَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ, (S, O,) or simply تَصُفُّ, (M,) She combines two milking-vessels, or three, at one milking; (S, * M, O; *) الصَّفُّ meaning her being milked into two milking-vessels, or three, (S, O, K,) so as to combine them. (S, O. [In the CK, أَنْ تَحْلُبَ is a mistake for أَنْ تُحْلَبَ.]) And a rájiz, cited by Az, says, referring to a she-camel, تَصُفُّ فِى ثَلَاثَةِ المَحَالِبِ [She is milked into three milking-vessels at one milking]. (S, O.) One says also صَفَّهَا, i. e. حَلَبَهَا صَفًّا [app. meaning He milked her into two bowls, or three, at one milking; or into two bowls; the pronoun referring to a she-camel]. (M. [One or the other of these two meanings appears to be indicated by what there precedes this.]) b4: صُفَّ عَلَى الجَمْرِ لِيَنْشَوِىَ (S, K) is said of flesh-meat (S) [app. meaning It was laid, cut into a strip, or into strips, upon the live coals to broil]; and فِى الشَّمْسِ لِيَجِفَّ [in like manner, in the sun to dry]: (K:) for one says of him who has prepared flesh-meat cut into strips, or oblong pieces, and dried in the sun, صَفَّ اللَّحْمَ; and [in like manner] one says also, صَفَّهُ عَلَى النَّارِ لِيَنْشَوِىَ: (Msb:) or صَفَّ اللَّحْمَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. صَفُّ, means he cut the flesh-meat into broad slices: (M:) and accord. to ISh, ↓ التَّصْفِيفُ is like التَّشْرِيحُ, i. e. the cutting a piece of flesh-meat thin, so that it is translucent: (TA in the present art:) or التصفيف is a kind of تَشْرِيح; i. e. the cutting a piece of flesh-meat thin, so that it is translucent by reason of its thinness, and then throwing it upon the live coals. (TA in art. شرح.) [See صَفِيفٌ.]

A2: See also 8, in three places. b2: صَفَّ said of a bird, (M, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (M, Msb,) inf. n. صَفٌّ, (Msb, K,) It extended its wings in a line, (M,) or it expanded its wings, (O, Msb, K,) in the sky, and did not move them, (M,) or and struck [an evident mistake for and did not strike] with them its sides like the pigeon: (Msb:) such as do so are not to be eaten; (Msb, K;) as the vulture and the hawk: (Msb:) it is said in a trad., يُؤْكَلُ مَا دَفَّ وَلَا يُؤْكَلُ مَا صَفَّ. (O, K, TA. See art. دف.) A3: صَفَفْتُ لِلسَّرْجِ, (S,) or صَفَفْتُ لِلسَّرْجِ صُفَّةً, (O,) or صَفَفْتُ السَّرْجَ, (K, and so in one place in the O,) and ↓ أَصْفَفْتُهُ, (O, K,) but this latter verb is of weak authority, (O,) (tropical:) I put to the horse's saddle a صُفَّة [q. v.]: S, O, K, TA:) [and] صَفَّ الدَّابَّةَ, and صَفَّ لَهَا, He made for the beast a صُفَّة. (M.) 2 صَفَّّ see above, first sentence: b2: and also in the latter half of the paragraph.3 صَافُّوهُمْ (S, MA, O,K) فِى القِتَالِ (S, O, K) They fought them in rank; they drew themselves out in a rank against them [in fight]. (MA.) A2: [And app. one says also صَافَّهُ meaning He had the صُفَّة of his house over against, or facing, his (another's) صُفَّة. See هُوَ مُصَافِّى, below.]4 أَصْفَ3َ see 1, last sentence.6 تَصَاْفَّ see 8. b2: One says also تصافّوا عَلَيْهِ They collected themselves together in a rank, or row, or line, against him. (M, TA.) And تصافّوا عَلَى المَآءِ They collected themselves together at the water; as also تضافّوا عَلَيْهِ: like as one says تصوّك فِى

خُرْئِهِ and تضوّك, and صَلَاصِلُ المَآءِ and ضَلَاضِلُهُ. (Lh, TA.) 8 اصطفّوا They stood in, (S, Mgh, O, K,) or became, (M,) [or set, placed, or stationed, themselves in,] a rank, or row, or line; (S, M, Mgh, Msb; *) or ranks, or rows, or lines; (O, K;) as also ↓ تصافّوا; (M, O, * K; * [التَّصَافُّ being expl. in the O and K by التَّسَاطُرُ; in the CK, erroneously, التَّشاطُرُ;]) and so ↓ صَفُّوا, (M, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ (M, Mgh,) inf. n. صَفٌّ and صَفَّى, but [ISd says] this latter inf. n. I have not heard except in a phrase mentioned in what follows. (M.) Hence the saying,تَصُفُّ ↓ النِّسَآءُ خَلْفَ الرِّجَالِ وَلَا تَصُفُّ مَعَهُمْ [The women shall stand in a rank behind the men in the mosque, and shall not stand in a rank with them]. (Mgh.) And hence the saying of a woman of the desert to her sons, ↓ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ العَدُوَّ فَدَغَرَى وَلَا صَفَّى i. e. [When ye meet the enemy, rush upon them without consideration, and] do not set yourselves in a rank. (M. [See also 1, in art. دغر.]) R. Q. 1 صَفْصَفَ He journeyed, (سَارَ, O, and so in copies of the K,) or became, (صَارَ, so in the CK,) alone in a صَفْصَف, or level tract of land. (O, K.) A2: And He pastured upon the trees called صَفْصَاف. (O, K.) A3: And صَفْصَفَةٌ [as an inf. n., or as a simple subst.,] signifies The crying or cry, (صَوْت,) of the sparrow, which is called صُفْصُف (O, K) in some one or more of the dialects. (O.) صَفٌّ A rank, row, or line [of things]; (KL, PS;) or an even صَدْر [i. e. front, or fore part,] of any things: (M:) and a company of men standing in a rank, or row, or line: (O, K:) pl. صُفُوفٌ; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) and the sing. may also be used in the sense of the pl.; it may be used either thus in the sense of the pl. or as a sing. in the Kur xviii. 46. (O.) Hence, in a trad., سَوُّوا صُفُوفَكُمْ [Make even your ranks] in prayer. (O, TA.) b2: Also A station of صُفُوف [or ranks of men]. (M. [See also مَصَفٌّ.]) and hence, (M,) as used in the Kur xx. 67, i. q. مُصَلًّى

[i. e. A place of prayer, or a place of prayer on the occasion of the عِيد, or festival]; (Az, M, O;) because the people stand there in ranks: (M:) i. e. a place where people assemble for their عِيد: (Az, O:) or, in that instance, صَفًّا may mean مُصْطَفِّينَ [i. e. standing in ranks], (Az, M, O,) as a denotative of state. (M.) b3: And A pair of bowls (قَدَحَانِ) [app., as seems to be indicated, that are filled at one milking of a camel]; because they are put together. (M.) A2: Also A certain medicament with which the teeth are whitened. (O.) صُفَّةٌ An appertenance of a house, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, [in none of which is it explained,]) or of a building, like a wide بَهُو [here used in a postclassical sense, as meaning a kind of vestibule, or portico, for shade and shelter, open in front], with a long roof or ceiling; (Lth, TA;) the طُرَّة of a building [app. meaning what is above described]; (M;) i. q. سَقِيفَةٌ: (S and Msb and K in art. سقف:) [see سَفِيفَةٌ; and see also سُدَّةٌ:] and i. q. ظُلَّةٌ [i. e. a roof, or covering, for shade and shelter, over the door of a house; or extending from a house to another house opposite; like سُدَّةٌ and سَقِيفَةٌ]: (M:) [for the meaning assigned to it by Golius as from the S, and by Freytag as from the K and S, (“ scamnum discubitorium, fere ex lapidibus structum,”) I find no authority in any Arabic work: in Egypt, it is applied to a shelf of marble or of common stone, about four feet high, supported by two or more arches, or by a single arch, figured and described in the Introduction to my work on the Modern Egyptians; this being app. so called because resembling in form, though not in size, a porch:] the pl. is صُفَفٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and صِفَافٌ and صُفَّاتٌ. (Mgh.) أَهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ [The people of the صُفَّة] was an appellation applied to certain persons who were the guests of El-Islám, [i. e. supported by the charity of the Muslims,] (O, K, TA,) consisting of poor refugees, and houseless men, (TA,) who passed the night in the صُفَّة of the mosque of the Prophet [in El-Medeeneh], which was a covered place, an appertenance of the mosque, (O, K, TA,) roofed over with palm-sticks; (Har p. 379; [where see more;]) thither they resorted for lodging; and sometimes they were few, and sometimes they were many: [SM says,] I have drawn up a list of their names, in a tract, to the number of ninety-two, (TA in the present art.,) or ninetythree. (TA voce أَوْفَاضٌ.) [ISd says,] عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الصُّفَّةِ [The punishment of the day of the صُفَّة] is the same as عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ [mentioned in the Kur 26:189]: (M, TA:) Lth says that the former was a day on which a certain people disobeyed their apostle, wherefore God sent upon them heat and clouds which overspread them, so that they perished: and Az says that it is not the same as that mentioned in the Kur, and that he knew not what is meant by عذاب يوم الصفّة: (O, (TA:) it seems, however, that both mean the same, as الصُّفَّةُ and الظُّلَّةُ are one in meaning. (TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) An appertenance of the سَرْج [or horse's saddle]; (S, M, IAth, Mgh, O, K, TA;) like the مِيثَرَة [q. v. in art. وثر] of the رَحْل [or camel's saddle]; (IAth, L, TA; *) the thing with which it is covered, between the قَرَبُوسَانِ, which are its fore part and its hinder part: (Mgh:) or, (M, TA,) as also of the رَحْل, (M,) the thing that comprises within it (تَضُمُّ) the [two pieces of wood called the] عَرْقُوَتَانِ and the [two pads, or stuffed things, called the] بِدَادَانِ, above them and beneath them: (M, TA:) pl. صُفَفٌ (S, M, O, K) and صِفَافٌ, the latter mentioned by Sb. (M.) b3: Also (tropical:) A long period (زَمَانٌ) of time. (O, K, TA.) So in the saying, عِشْنَا صُفَّةٌ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ (tropical:) [We lived, or have lived, a long period of time]. (O, TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) The quantity of grain that is put upon the palm of the hand: occurring in a trad. of Abu-d-Dardà, in the saying, أَصْبَحْتُ لَا أَمْلكُ صُفَّةً وَلَا لُفَّةً [I became so that I possessed not the quantity of grain that might be put on the palm of the hand, nor a morsel of food]; اللُّفَّةُ meaning اللُّقْمَةُ. (TA.) صَفَفٌ A thing that a man wears beneath the coat of mail (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K) in the day of battle. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) صَفُوفٌ A she-camel that yields a row of bowls of her milk (تَصُفُّ أَقْدَاحًا مِنْ لَبَنِهَا S, O, K) when she is milked, (S, O,) because of the abundance of her milk: (S, O, K:) or for which two vessels are set side by side (يُصَفُّ), and which fills them: (Ham p. 535:) or that sets her fore legs evenly, side by side, (تَصُفُّ يَدَيْهَا, [see 1,]) on the occasion of being milked. (S, M, O, K.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce صُوفٌ. And see also ضَفُوفٌ.]

صَفِيفٌ Flesh-meat (S, M) such as has been laid, cut into a strip, or into strips, (صُفَّ, S, K, and the like in the M and O, or شُرِحَ وَصُفَّ, Mgh,) upon the live coals (S, Mgh, O, K) to broil (S, Mgh, K) or to become thoroughly cooked, (O,) or upon the pebbles, and then roasted, or broiled, (M,) or in the sun, to dry: (O, K:) or flesh-meat cut into strips, or oblong pieces, and dried in the sun, (M, * Mgh, Msb,) or, as Lth says, and in like manner Ks, spread in the sun [to dry]: (Mgh:) or flesh-meat cut into broad slices: (M:) or, accord. to Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, flesh-meat cut into slices, not in the manner of قَدِيد, but made broad, like cakes of bread [which are generally about a span, or somewhat less, in width, round and flat]: (TA:) [or cut thin so as to be translucent: (see 1, latter half:)] or flesh-meat made to boil once, and then taken up [from the fire]. (M.) الصُّفِّيَّةُ The صُوفِيَّة: so called in relation to those called أَهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ. (TA. (See art. صوف.]) صَافٌّ [originally صَافِفٌ, act. part. n. of صَفَّ, q. v.]. صَافَّةٌ and [its pl.] صَوَافُّ are epithets applied to camels [as meaning Setting their legs in an even row], from صَفَّتْ قَوَائِمَهَا: (S, O:) [or]

صَوَافَّ (in the Kur xxii. 37, O, K) means مَصْفُوفَةً

[i. e. set in a row], (M, O, K, TA,) to be slaughtered; (M, TA;) of the measure فَوَاعِل in the sense of the measure مَفَاعِل [thus in the O, and also (probably copied therefrom) in the copies of the K; but correctly مَفَاعِيل]: or it means مُصْطَفَّةً

[i. e. standing in a row]: (O, K:) or, as related by I 'Ab, it is صَوَافِنَ. (TA.) In the phrase وَالصَّافَّاتِ صَفًّا in the Kur [xxxvii. 1], by الصَّافَّات are meant The angels standing in ranks in Heaven, glorifying God. (M, O, K.) b2: Applied to a bird, it means Expanding its wings and not moving [or flapping] them [in its flight]: opposed to دَافٌّ. (M and TA in art. دف.) صَفْصَفٌ A level, or an even, tract of land or ground: (S, O, Msb, K:) thus expl. by AA, and by Mujáhid, as used in the Kur xx. 106: by others as meaning smooth: accord. to Fr, having in it no herbage: and accord. to IAar, bald: pl. صَفَاصِفُ: (TA:) or أَرْضٌ صَفْصَفٌ signifies a smooth, and level, or even, land; and so, accord. to IJ, [the fem.] صَفْصَفَةٌ. (M.) Also, (M,) or صَفْصَفَةٌ [app. as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant], (TA,) A desert, or waterless desert; syn. فَلَاةٌ; (M, TA;) from IDrd. (TA.) b2: And The حَرْف [i. e. ridge, or brow, or ledge,] of a mountain. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) صُفْصُفٌ The sparrow, (IDrd, O, K,) in some one or more of the dialects. (IDrd, O.) صَفْصَفَةٌ [fem. of صَفْصَفٌ, q. v.

A2: Also] i. q. سِكْبَاجَةٌ [n. un. of سِكبَاجٌ, q. v., i. e., A mess of the kind of food thus called]; (AA, O, K;) as also ↓ صَفْصَافَةٌ, (O, K,) which is of the dial. of Thakeef. (O.) A3: And A certain insect (دُوَيْبَّة, Lth, M, O), by the Persians (العَجَم) called the سِيسَك [i. e. weevil]: (Lth, O:) a word adventitious to the Arabic language. (Lth, M, O.) صَفْصَافٌ The tree called خِلَاف: (S, M, O, K:) [accord. to modern usage, the latter is the salix Aegyptia of Linn.: (Forskål's Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. lxxvi., and Delile's Floræ Aegpyt. Illustr., no 934:) and the صفصاف accord. to Forskål, ibid., is the salix Babylonica; or this is called صَفْصَاف رُومِىّ: (Delile, no. 932:) and another species of salix is called in Egypt صَفْصَاف بَلَدِىّ: (Forskål, ibid; and Delile, no. 933:)] or so in the dial. of Syria: (M, Msb:) or a kind of tree of which the خِلَاف is a species: (K in art. خلف:) n. un. with ة. (M, O, K.) صَفْصَافَةٌ: see صَفْصَفَةٌ.

A2: Also n. un. of صَفْصَافٌ [q. v.]. (M, O, K.) مَصَفٌّ A station, (S, Msb,) or place where ranks are drawn up, (O, K,) in war, or battle: (S, O, Msb:) pl. مَصَافٌّ. (S, O, Msb, K.) هُوَ مُصَافِّى He is the person whose صُفَّة [of his house] is over against, or facing, my صُفَّة. (IDrd, O, K.)