عدس

1 عَدَسَ فِى الأَرْضِ, (AA, S, O, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَدْسٌ (AA, O, K) and عَدَسَانٌ and عِدَاسٌ (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K) and عُدُوسٌ, (O, K,) He went away [or journeyed] into, or in, or through, the country, or land. (AA, S, O, K.) One says, عَدَسَتْ بِهِ المَنِيَّةُ (S, O) i. e. [Death] took him away. (O.) And El-Kumeyt says, أُكَلِّفُهَا هَوْلَ الظَّلَامِ وَلَمْ أَزَلْ

↓ إِلَىَّ وَعَادِسَا ↓ أَخَا اللَّيْلِ مَعْدُوسًا or عَلَىَّ, as some relate it, (O, [and thus, instead of إِلَىَّ, in one of my copies of the S,]) meaning [I constrain them (referring to camels mentioned in a preceding verse) to bear the terror of the darkness, and I cease not to be, as a nightfarer,] journeyed to by night [and journeying]. (S, O.) [It is added in the S, as though to indicate another meaning, وَعَدَسَ لُغَةٌ فِى حَدَسَ; and in the O and K, وَالعَدْسُ الحَدْسُ; (in the O with أَيْضًا between these two inf. ns.;) but accord. to the TA, the meaning intended by this is, The going away into, or in, the country, or land: see, however, what here follows.] b2: العَدْسُ also signifies The treading hard, or vehemently, (شِدَّةُ الوَطْءِ, S, O, K, TA,) upon the ground; and so الحَدْسُ. (TA.) b3: And i. q. الكَدْحُ [app. as meaning The working, or labouring; or toiling, or labouring hard]; (S, O, K, TA;) as also الحَدْسُ. (TA.) b4: And, accord. to IKtt, عَدَسَ, said of a man, signifies قَوِىَ عَلَى الشَّرِّ [He was strong to do evil, or mischief: but I think it probable that the right explanation is, على السَّيْرِ or على السُّرَى, i. e. to journey, or to journey by night: see عَدُوسٌ]. (TA.) A2: عَدَسَ, aor. ـِ (AA, O, K,) inf. n. عَدْسٌ, (TA,) also signifies He served [another]; syn. خَدَمَ. (AA, O, K.) b2: And عَدَسَ المَالَ, inf. n. عَدْسٌ, He pastured the cattle, or camels &c. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) And هُوَ يَعْدِسُ عَلَيْهِ He pastures for him. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) A3: عَدَسَ بِهِ, (O, K,) and عَدَسَهُ, (IKtt, * O,) He said to him (i. e. to a mule, O) عَدَسْ [q. v.]. (IKtt, O, K.) A4: عُدِسَ, He had an eruption of the small pustule called عَدَسَة [q. v.]. (K, * O, * TA.) 3 عادس He journeyed continually. (Freytag, from the Deewán of Jereer.)]

عَدَسْ A cry by which one chides a mule, (IDrd, S, IKtt, * O, K,) to urge him: (IKtt:) sometimes, by poetic license, it is made decl.: (L, TA:) the vulgar say عد [app. عَدْ]. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) sometimes, (S, O,) it is also used as a name for The mule; (S, O, K;) like as the ass is [sometimes] called سَأْ سَأْ, which is [origiginally] a cry whereby one chides an ass; and there are other instances of the same kind. (TA.) عَدَسٌ [Lentils;] a well-known grain; (S, O, K;) also called عَلَسٌ and بُلُسٌ: (TA:) n. un. with ة. (O, K.) b2: عَدَسُ المَآءِ A certain plant [of which I have not found any description]. (See art. ساذج, last sentence.) عَدَسَةٌ A small pustule, (Lth, S, * O, * K,) resembling the عَدَسة [commonly so called, i. e. the single grain of lentil], (Lth, TA,) which comes forth (Lth, O, K) in the body (Lth, K) in a man, (S, O,) dispersedly, like the طَاعُون [or plague], (Lth, TA,) of which it is said to be a kind, (Lth, O, TA,) and kills, (Lth, O, K,) or sometimes kills, (S,) or generally kills, (Lth, TA,) few recovering from it: (Lth, O:) it was feared by the tribe of Kureysh, as being transitive. (O.) عَدَسِيَّةٌ A soup made by boiling yellow lentils in water, till nearly dissolved, and then adding red vinegar, coriander, and salt. (Ibn-Jezleh, quoted, from Channing, by Greenhill, in his Transl. of Er-Rázee on Small-pox and Measles.) A2: It is now applied also to Bats' dung; which is used in medicine, administered internally; and also applied externally, mixed with vinegar, to tumours: so says Forskål in his Descr. Animalium, p. iii.: but he there states عدسيه to be an appel-lation of the bat itself.]

عَدُوسٌ, applied to a female, [and app. to a male also,] Bold, or daring; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA;) strong to journey. (TA.) And عَدُوسُ السُّرَى Strong to journey (S, O, K) by night; as a masc. epithet; (O, K;) and as a fem. epithet applied to the hyena: (S, O:) or عَدُوسُ اللَّيْلِ, as meaning strong to journey by night, is applied to a man and to a woman and to a camel. (TA.) عَادِسٌ: see the verse cited in the first paragraph.

مَعْدُوسٌ: see the verse above mentioned.

A2: Also Having an eruption of the small pustule termed عَدَسَةٌ. (K, * O, * TA.)

النُّجَيْرُ:
هو تصغير النجر، وقد تقدم اشتقاقه: حصن باليمن قرب حضرموت منيع لجأ إليه أهل الردّة مع الأشعث بن قيس في أيام أبي بكر، رضي الله عنه، فحاصره زياد بن لبيد البياضي حتّى افتتحه عنوة وقتل من فيه وأسر الأشعث بن قيس وذلك في سنة 12 للهجرة، وكان الأشعث بن قيس قد قدم على النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، في وفد كندة من حضرموت فأسلموا وسألوا أن يبعث عليهم رجلا يعلّمهم السنن ويجبي صدقاتهم، فأنفذ معهم زياد بن لبيد البياضي عاملا للنبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، يجبيهم، فلما مات النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، خطبهم زياد ودعاهم إلى بيعة أبي بكر، رضي الله عنه، فنكص الأشعث عن بيعة أبي بكر، رضي الله عنه، ونهاه ابن امرئ القيس بن عابس فلم ينته فكتب زياد إلى أبي بكر بذلك فكتب أبو بكر إلى المهاجر بن أبي أمية وكان على صنعاء بعد قتل العنسي أن يمدّ زيادا بنفسه ويعينه على مخالفي الإسلام بحضرموت، وكتب إلى زياد أن يــقاتل مخالفي الإسلام بمن عنده من المسلمين، فجمع زياد جموعه وواقع مخالفيه فنصره الله عليهم حتى تحصنوا بالنّجير فحصرهم فيه إلى أن أعيوا عن المقام فيه فاجتمعوا إلى الأشعث وسألوه أن يأخذ لهم الأمان، فأرسل إلى زياد بن لبيد يسأله الأمان حتى يلقاه ويخاطبه فآمنه، فلما اجتمع به سأله أن يؤمّن أهل النّجير ويصالحهم فامتنع عليه ورادّه حتى آمن سبعين رجلا منهم وأن يكون حكمه في الباقي نافذا، فخرج سبعون فأراد قتل الأشعث وقال له: قد أخرجت نفسك من الأمان بتكملة عدد السبعين، فسأله أن يحمله إلى أبي بكر ليرى فيه رأيه فآمنه زياد على أن يبعث به وبأهله إلى أبي بكر ليرى فيه رأيه، وفتحوا له حصن النجير وكان فيه كثير فعمد إلى أشرافهم نحو سبعمائة رجل فضرب أعناقهم على دم واحد ولام القوم الأشعث وقالوا لزياد: إن الأشعث غدر بنا، أخذ الأمان لنفسه وأهله وماله ولم يأخذ لنا وإنما نزل على أن يأخذ لنا جميعا، وأبى زياد أن يواري جثث من قتل وتركهم للسباع، وكان هذا أشدّ على من بقي من القتل، وبعث السبي مع نهيك بن أوس بن خزيمة وكتب إلى أبي بكر: إنّا لم نؤمنه إلا على حكمك، وبعث الأشعث في وثاق وأهله وماله معه، فترى فيه رأيك، فأخذ أبو بكر يقرّع الأشعث ويقول له: فعلت وفعلت، فقال الأشعث: أيها الرجل استبقني لحربك وزوّجني أختك أمّ فروة بنت أبي قحافة، ففعل أبو بكر ذلك وكان الأشعث بالمدينة مقيما حتى ندب عمر الناس لقتال الفرس فخرج فيهم، وقال أبو صبيح السكوني:
ألا بلّغا عني ابن قيس وبرمة: ... أأنفذت قولي بالفعال المصدّق
أقلّت عديد الحارثيين بعد ما ... دعتهم سجوع ذات جيد مطوّق
فيا لهف نفسي، لهف نفسي على الذي ... سبانا بها من غيّ عمياء موبق
فأفنيت قومي في ألايا توكدت، ... وما كنت فيها بالمصيب الموفّق
وقال عرّام: حذاء قرية صفينة ماءة يقال لها النجير وبحذائها ماءة يقال لها النجارة بئر واحدة وكلاهما فيه ملوحة وليست بالشديدة، قال كثير:
وطبّق من نحو النجير كأنه ... بأليل لما خلّف النخل ذامر
وقال الأعشى ميمون بن قيس يمدح النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم:
ألم تغتمض عيناك ليلة أرمدا، ... وبتّ كما بات السليم مسهّدا
وما ذاك من عشق النساء وإنما ... تناسيت قبل اليوم خلّا مهدّدا
ولكن أرى الدهر الذي هو خائن ... إذا أصلحت كفّاي عاد فأفسدا
كهولا وشبّانا فقدت وثروة، ... فلله هذا الدهر كيف تردّدا!
وما زلت أبغي المال مذ أنا يافع ... وليدا وكهلا، حين شبت، وأمردا
وأبتذل العيس المراقيل تغتلي ... مسافة ما بين النّجير وصرخدا
وقال أبو دهبل الجمحي:
أعرفت رسما بالنّجي ... ر عفا لزينب أو لساره
لعزيزة من حضرمو ... ت على محيّاها النضارة

الفُرَاتُ:
بالضم ثم التخفيف، وآخره تاء مثناة من فوق، قال حمزة: والفرات معرّب عن لفظه وله اسم آخر وهو فالاذروذ لأنه بجانب دجلة كما بجانب الفرس الجنيبة، والجنيبة تسمى بالفارسية فالاذ، والفرات في أصل كلام العرب أعذب المياه، قال عز وجل: هذا عَذْبٌ فُراتٌ وَهذا مِلْحٌ أُجاجٌ 25: 53، وقد فرت الماء يفرت فروتة وهو فرات إذا عذب، ومخرج الفرات فيما زعموا من أرمينية ثم من قاليقلا قرب خلاط ويدور بتلك الجبال حتى يدخل أرض الروم ويجيء إلى كمخ ويخرج إلى ملطية ثم إلى سميساط ويصبّ إليه أنهار صغار نحو نهر سنجة ونهر كيسوم ونهر ديصان والبليخ حتى ينتهي إلى قلعة نجم مقابل منبج ثم يحاذي بالس إلى دوسر إلى الرّقة إلى رحبة مالك بن طوق ثم إلى عانة ثم إلى هيت فيصير أنهارا تسقي زروع السواد، منها: نهر سورا، وهو أكبرها، ونهر الملك، وهو نهر صرصر، ونهر
عيسى بن علي وكوثا ونهر سوق أسد والصراة ونهر الكوفة والفرات العتيق ونهر حلة بني مزيد، وهو نهر سورا، فإذا سقت الزروع وانتفع بمياهها فمهما فضل من ذلك انصبّ إلى دجلة، منها ما يصبّ فوق واسط ومنها ما يصب بين واسط والبصرة فتصير دجلة والفرات نهرا واحدا عظيما عرضه نحو الفرسخ ثم يصبّ في بحر الهند، وللفرات فضائل كثيرة، روي أن أربعة أنهار من الجنة: النيل والفرات وسيحون وجيحون، وروي عن علي، كرّم الله وجهه، أنه قال: يا أهل الكوفة إن نهركم هذا يصبّ إليه ميزابان من الجنة، وعن عبد الملك بن عمير: أن الفرات من أنهار الجنة ولولا ما يخالطه من الأذى ما تداوى به مريض إلا أبرأه الله تعالى، وأن عليه ملكا يذود عنه الأدواء، وروي أن أبا عبد الله جعفر بن محمد الصادق شرب من ماء الفرات ثم استزاد واستزاد فحمد الله وقال:
نهر ما أعظم بركته ولو علم الناس ما فيه من البركة لضربوا على حافتيه القباب، ولولا ما يدخله من الخطّائين ما اغتمس فيه ذو عاهة إلا برأ، ومما يروى عن السّدّي، والله أعلم بحقه من باطله، قال: مدّ الفرات في زمن علي بن أبي طالب، كرّم الله وجهه، فألقى رمانة قطعت الجسر من عظمها فأخذت فكان فيها كرّ حبّ فأمر المسلمين أن يقتسموها بينهم وكانوا يرونها من الجنة، وهذا باطل لأن فواكه الجنة لم توجد في الدنيا ولو لم أر هذا الخبر في عدة مواضع من كتب العلماء ما استجزت كتابته، وسقى الفرات كورا ببغداد منها الأنبار وهيت، وقد نسب إليها قوم من رواة العلم، قال رفاعة بن أبي الصفي:
ألم تر هامتي من حبّ ليلى ... على شاطي الفرات لها صليل
فلو شربت بصافي الماء عذبا ... من الأقذاء زايلها الغليل
وفرات البصرة: كورة بهمن أردشير، وقد ذكرت في مواضعها، وذكر أحمد بن يحيى بن جابر قال:
لما فتح عتبة بن غزوان الأبلّة عنوة عبر الفرات فخرج لهم أهل الفرات بمساحيهم فظفر بهم المسلمون وفتحوا الفرات، وقيل: إن ما بين الفهرج والفرات فتح صلحا وسائر الأبلّة عنوة، ولما فرغ من الأبلّة أتى المذار، وقال عوانة بن الحكم: كانت مع عتبة ابن غزوان لما قدم البصرة امرأته أزدة بنت الحارث ابن كلدة ونافع وأبو بكر وزياد إخوتها، فلما قاتل عتبة أهل مدينة الفرات جعلت امرأته أزدة تحرض المؤمنين على القتال وهي تقول:
إن يهزموكم يولجوا فينا الغلف ففتح الله على المسلمين تلك المدينة.

صدق

1 صَدَقَ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (M, TA,) inf. n. صِدْقٌ (S, * M, O, * Msb, K, TA) and صَدْقٌ, (M, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, (TA,) or the latter is an inf. n. and the former is a simple subst., (K,) and تَصْدَاقٌ (M) and مَصْدُوقَةٌ, (O, K, TA,) which is one of the [few] inf. ns. of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ, (O, TA,) [or a fem. pass. part. n. used as an inf. n. like as is said of its contr.

مَكْذُوبَةٌ,] he spoke, said, uttered, or told, truth, or truly, or veraciously; contr. of كَذَبَ: (Msb: [and in like manner it is said in the S and M and O and K that صِدْقٌ is the contr. of كَذِبٌ:]) Er-Rághib says that صِدْقٌ and كَذِبٌ are primarily in what is said, whether relating to the past or to the future, and [in the latter case] whether it be a promise or other than a promise; and only in what is said in the way of information: but sometimes they are in other modes of speech, such as asking a question, and commanding, and supplicating; as when one says, “Is Zeyd in the house? ” for this implies information of his being ignorant of the state of Zeyd; and when one says, “ Make me to share with thee, or to be equal with thee,” for this implies his requiring to be made to share with the other, or to be made equal with him; and when one says, “Do not thou hurt me,” for this implies that the other is hurting him: صِدْقٌ, he says, is [by implication] the agreeing of what is said with what is conceived in the mind and with the thing told of, together; otherwise it is not complete صِدْق, but may be described either as صِدْق or sometimes as صِدْق and sometimes as كَذِب according to two different points of view; as when one says without believing it, “Mohammad is the Apostle of God,” for this may be termed صِدْق because what is told is such, and it may be termed كَذِب because it is at variance with what the speaker conceives in his mind. (TA.) One says, صَدَقَ فِى الحَدِيثِ [He spoke truth in the information, or narration]. (S, O, K.) And صَدَقَهُ i. e. He told him, or informed him, with truth, or veracity, (AHeyth, * M, Msb, *) فِى القَوْلِ [in the saying]; for it is trans. as well as intrans. (Msb.) And صَدَقَهُ الحَدِيثَ (S, O, K, in the CK [erroneously] صَدَّقَ فُلانًا الحَدِيثَ) He told him with truth, or veracity, the information, or narration; for it is sometimes doubly trans. (TA.) And صَدَقَنِى سِنَّ بَكْرِهِ [He hath told me truly the age, or as to the age, of his youthful camel; or صَدَقَنِى سِنُّ بَكْرِهِ the age of his youthful camel has spoken truly to me]: (S, O, K:) a prov., (S, O,) expl. in art. بكر [q. v.]. (K.) And فُلَانٌ لَا يَصْدُقُ أَثَرُهُ and أَثَرَهُ, meaning Such a one, when asked, will not tell truly whence he comes. (M.) And صَدَقَتْ يَمِينُهُ His oath was, or proved, true. (Msb in art. بت.) صَدَقْتُ اللّٰهَ حَدِيثًا إِنْ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ كَذَا is an oath of the Arabs, meaning لَا صَدَقْتُ الخ [May I not utter truly to God a saying, i. e. may I not speak truth to God, if I do not such a thing]. (AHeyth, O, K.) One says also, صَدَقَهُ النَّصِيحَةَ, and الإِخَآءَ, He rendered to him truly, or sincerely, good advice, and brotherly affection. (M.) And صَدَ قُوهُمُ القِتَالَ (S, M, K, * TA) [They gave them battle earnestly, not with a false show of bravery; as is implied in the S, and M, and K; i. e.] they advanced against them boldly in fight: (M, TA:) and in like manner, صَدَقُوا فِى القِتَالِ they advanced boldly in fight: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, the former means they gave them battle so as to fulfil their duty: and hence, in the Kur [xxxiii. 23], رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللّٰهَ عَلَيْهِ, Men who fulfilled the covenant that they had made with God. (TA.) And صَدَقَ اللِّقَآءَ, inf. n. صِدْقٌ, He was firm, or steady, in encounter, or conflict. (M, TA.) and صَدَقَ ظَنِّى My opinion was, or proved, true, or correct, like as one says [in the contrary case], كَذَبَ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) whence, in the Kur [xxxiv. 19], وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُ, meaning فِى ظَنِّهِ [i. e. And assuredly Iblees was, or proved to be, correct in his opinion that he had formed against them]: but some read ↓ صَدَّقَ, meaning, as Fr says, حَقَّقَ [i. e. Iblees proved, or found, to be true, his opinion &c.]. (TA.) and صَدَقَتْهُ نَفْسُهُ His soul [told him truth; meaning,] diverted him, or hindered him, or held him back, from an undertaking, causing him to imagine himself unable to prosecute it. (TA in art. كذب.) And صَدَقَ الصُّبْحُ [The dawn shone clearly]. (S in art. سقط.) [And one says of a word or the like, يَصْدُقُ عَلَى كَذَا, meaning It applies correctly to such a thing.] b2: صَدَقَ الوَحْشِىُّ: see 2, near the end.2 صدّقهُ, (S, M, O, &c.,) inf. n. تَصْدِيقٌ, contr. of كَذَّبَهُ. (O, * K.) [This explanation implies several meanings here following.] He attributed, or ascribed, to him truth, veracity, or the speaking truth. (Msb.) And He said to him, “Thou hast spoken truth. ” (Msb.) He accepted, or admitted, [or assented to, or believed,] what he said: (M:) you say, صدّقهُ فِى حَدِيثِهِ [He accepted, &c., what he said in his information, or narration]: (S:) and you say صدّق بِلِسَانِهِ [He assented to the truth of what was said with his tongue]; as well as بِقَلْبِهِ [with his heart, or mind]. (T in art. اَمن.) He held him to be a speaker of truth. (MA.) [He found him to be a speaker of truth. He, or it, proved him to be a speaker of truth; verified him; or confirmed the truth of what he said: see an ex. in a verse cited voce بَيْنٌ.] He found it (an opinion) to be true, or veritable. (Ksh and Bd and Jel, in xxxiv. 19.) He verified it; confirmed its truth; or proved it to be true, or veritable; i. e. an opinion [&c.]; syn. حَقَّقَهُ: (Ksh and Bd, ibid.:) one says, صَدَّقَ الخَبَرَ الخُبْرُ [The trial, proof, or test, verified the information]. (S in art. خبر.) See 1, near the end. In the saying in the Kur [xxxix. 34], وَالَّذِى جَآءَ بِالصِّدْقِ وَصَدَّقَ بِهِ, [which seems to be best rendered But he who hath brought the truth and he who hath accepted it as the truth, (see كَذَّبَ بِالأَمْرِ,)] 'Alee the son of Aboo-Tálib is related to have said that by الذى جآء بالصدق is meant Mohammad; and by الذى صدّق به, Aboo-Bekr: or, as some say, Gabriel and Mohammad [are meant by the former and the latter respectively]: or by the former, Mohammad; and by the latter, [every one of] the believers: (M:) accord. to Er-Rághib, by وصدّق به is meant and hath found, or proved, to be true (حَقَّقَ) that which he hath brought by word, by that which he hath aimed at (بِمَا تَحَرَّاهُ) by deed. (TA.) b2: صدّق is also said to signify He said, “This thing is the truth; ” like حَقَّقَ. (TA in art. حق.) b3: And this verb also denotes المُبَالَغَةُ فِى الصِّدْقِ: thus in the saying, صَدَّقَتْ فِيهِمْ ظُنُونِى

[My opinions respecting them were, or proved to be, very true or correct]. (Ksh, in xxxiv. 19.) b4: صدّق الوَحْشِىُّ, (O, K, TA,) or ↓ صَدَقَ, (so in a copy of the M,) (tropical:) The wild animal ran without looking aside, when charged upon, or attacked: (M, O, K, TA:) mentioned by IDrd. (O, TA.) A2: صَدَّقَهُمْ He exacted from them the poor-rate. (TA. [See صَدَقَةٌ.]) b2: See also 5.3 صَادَقْتُهُ, (M,) inf. n. مُصَادَقَةٌ (S, M, O, K) and صِدَاقٌ, (M, O, K,) the latter like كِتَابٌ, (TA, [in the CK erroneously written صَداق,]) I acted, or associated, with him as a friend, or as a true, or sincere, friend. (S, * M, O, * K. *) [See also 6.]4 اصدق المَرْأَةَ He named for the woman a صَدَاق [or dowry]: (S, M, * O, K:) or he gave her her صَدَاق: (M, * Msb:) or he appointed her, or assigned her, a صَدَاق, on taking her as his wife: (TA:) and he married her, or took her as his wife, on the condition of his giving her a صَدَاق. (Msb.) And sometimes this verb is doubly trans.; whence, in a trad., مَا ذَا تُصْدِقُهَا فَقَالَ إِزَارِى [It was said, “What is it that thou meanest for her, or givest her, as her dowry? ” and he said, “My waist-wrapper ”]. (Mgh.) 5 تصدّق عَلَيْهِ He gave him (i. e. the poor, Mgh, Msb) what is termed صَدَقَة, (M, Mgh, Msb,) meaning [an alms, or] what is given for the sake of God, (M,) or what is given with the desire of obtaining a recompense from God: (M, * Mgh:) and عليه ↓ صَدَّقَ signifies the same; (M, TA;) and in this sense صدّق is [said by some to be] used in the Kur lxxv. 31. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xii. 88], وَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْنَا: (TA:) or this means (assumed tropical:) And do thou confer a favour upon us by giving that which is [not like the mean merchandise that we have brought, but of middling quality,] between good and bad. (M.) One says, تَصَدَّقْتُ بِكَذَا, meaning I gave such a thing as a صَدَقَة. (Msb.) See an ex. voce شِقٌّ.

The saying, in a trad., إِنَّ اللّٰهَ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِثُلُثِ

أَمْوَالِكُمْ, meaning (tropical:) [Verily God] hath conferred a favour [upon you by giving you a third of your possessions to bequeath to whom ye will], if correct, is tropical. (Mgh.) b2: It is said by Ibn-Es-Seed, on the authority of Az and IJ, and mentioned by IAmb, that تصدّق signifies also He asked, or begged, for what is termed صَدَقَة [or alms]: but Fr and As and others disallow the beggar's being called مُتَصَدِّق: (Az, TA:) IKt says that the verb is improperly used in this sense by the vulgar: (Msb:) [and accord. to J and Sgh,] one says, مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ يَسْأَلُ, and one should not say يَتَصَدَّقُ. (S, O.) 6 تَصَادُقٌ signifies The acting, or associating, as friends, or as true, or sincere, friends, one with another. (K. [See also 3.]) And I. q. صِدْقٌ: (TA:) [or rather mutual صِدْق; contr. of تَكَاذُبٌ:] one says, تَصَادَقَا فِى الحَدِيثِ and فِى المَوَدَّةِ (S, O, TA) They were true, or sincere, each to the other, in information, or narration, and in love, or affection; contr. of تَكَاذَبَا. (O, TA.) صَدْقٌ is an inf. n. of صَدَقَ [q. v.]: (M, K:) b2: and is used as an epithet, applied to a man &c.: (S, M, O, K, TA:) [and] ↓ صِدْقٌ [also, if not a mistranscription for صَدْقٌ,] is an inf. n. used as an epithet, applied to a man and to a woman: (so in a copy of the M and in the TA:) [it is said that] the former signifies Hard, (S, M, O, Msb,) applied to a spear, (S, M, O,) and to other things: (M:) or even, or straight; (S, O;) or it signifies thus also, applied to a spear, and to a sword: (M:) or hard and even or straight, applied to a spear, (K, TA,) and to a man, (K,) or to the latter as meaning hard: or, as IB says, on the authority of IDrst, it is not from hardness, but means combining those qualities that are commended; and it is applied to a spear as meaning long and pliant and hard, and the like; and to a man, and to a woman likewise [without ة, but see what follows], as meaning true in hardness and strength and goodness; for, IDrst says, if it meant hard, one would say حَجَرٌ صَدْقٌ and حَدِيدٌ صَدْقٌ, which one does not: (TA:) and, applied to anything, (O, K, TA,) it means complete, or perfect, (Kh, O, K, TA,) thus applied to a man, (TA,) such as is commended; (O;) fem. with ة, (O, K, TA,) applied to a woman: (O:) the pl. is صُدْقٌ, applied to a company of men, (S, O, K,) and صُدُقٌ (K) and صَدْقُونَ, so applied, and صَدْقَاتٌ applied to women: (O, K:) and Ru-beh says, describing asses, مَقْذُوذَةُ الآذَانِ صَدْقَاتُ الحَدَقْ meaning [Rounded, as though pared, in the ears,] penetrating in the eyes; (O, TA;) which is [said to be] tropical. (TA.) صَدْقٌ signifies also Firm, or steady, in encounter, or conflict: (M:) or one says صَدْقُ اللِّقَآءِ, applying this epithet to a man, (S, O, K, TA,) meaning thus: (TA:) and صَدْقُ النَّظَرِ [firm, or steady, in look]. (S, O, K, TA. [Said in the TA to be tropical.]) صِدْقٌ is an inf. n. of صَدَقَ [q. v.]: (M, K, &c.:) or a simple subst., (K,) signifying [Truth; veracity; or] agreement of what is said with what is conceived in the mind and with the thing told of, together; otherwise it is not complete صِدْق, as expl. above in the first paragraph of this art. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: It is also syn. with شِدَّةٌ [meaning Hardness; firmness, compactness, or soundness; strength, power, or force; vigour, robustness, sturdiness, or hardiness; and courage, bravery, or firmness of heart]: (K, TA: [in the latter of which it is said to be tropical; but this is evidently not the case accord. to the O, in which it is said that it radically denotes قُوَّةٌ (i. e. strength, force, &c.,) in a saying &c.: in the K it is implied by the context that it is syn. with شِدَّة when used as the complement of a prefixed n. in instances mentioned in what here follows: but Sgh says, more correctly,]) a noun signifying anything to which goodness is attributed is prefixed to صِدْق, governing it in the gen. case; so that one says (O) رَجُلُ صِدْقٍ (Sb, M, O, K) [A man of good nature or disposition or character &c.], contr. of رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ; (Sb, M;) and صَدِيقُ صِدْقٍ [a friend of good nature &c.]; (O, K;) and likewise اِمْرَأَةُ صِدْقٍ [a woman of good nature &c.]; (K;) and in like manner also حِمَارُ صِدْقٍ

[an ass of a good kind]; (Sb, M, K;) and ثَوْبُ صِدْقٍ [a garment, or piece of cloth, of good quality]. (Sb, M.) The saying in the Kur [x. 93], (O,) وَلَقَدْ بَوَّأْنَا بَنِى اِسْرَائِيلَ مُبَوَّأَ صِدْقٍ meansAnd verily we assigned to the Children of Israel a good place of abode. (O, K.) b3: See also صَدْقٌ.

صَدْقَةٌ: see صَدَاقٌ; each in two places.

صُدْقَةٌ: see صَدَاقٌ; each in two places.

صَدَقَةٌ [An alms; i. e.] a gift (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K) to the poor (S, O, Msb) for the sake of God, (M, K,) or to obtain a recompense from God; (M, * Mgh, K; *) a portion which a man gives forth from his property by way of propitiation, [to obtain the favour of God,] like زَكَاةٌ, except that the former is primarily applied to such as as is supererogatory, and the latter to such as is obligatory: but it is said to be applied to such as is obligatory [i. e. to the زَكَاة, q. v., meaning the poor-rate, which is the portion, or amount, of property, that is given therefrom, as the due of God, by its possessor, to the poor, according to a fixed rate,] when the person who does so aims at conformity with the truth in his deed: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [in this latter sense, which is indicated in the S and O &c., and more plainly in the M, it is very frequently used:] and thus it is used in the Kur ix. 104, and in like manner its pl. in ix. 60: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the pl. is صَدَقَاتٌ. (S, M, O, Msb.) It is said in a trad., لَا صَدَقَةَ فِى الإِبِلِ الجَارَّةِ [There is no poorrate in the case of working camels], because they are the riding-camels of the people; for the poorrate is in the case of pasturing camels, exclusively of the working. (S in art. جر.) b2: See also صَدَاقٌ.

صَدُقَةٌ: see صَدَاقٌ, in two places.

صُدُقَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

صَدَاقٌ and ↓ صِدَاقٌ, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) the former of which is the most common of the dial. vars. here mentioned, (Msb,) [but] the latter is [said to be] more chaste than the former, (Mgh,) and ↓ صَدُقَةٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (Msb,) and ↓ صُدْقَةٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) of the dial. of Temeem, (Msb,) and ↓ صَدْقَةٌ (M, O, Msb, K) and ↓ صُدُقَةٌ (M, O, K) and ↓ صَدَقَةٌ, (M, K,) The مَهْر (S, M, Mgh, O, K) of a woman; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) [i. e. a dowry; nuptial gift; or gift that is given to, or for, a bride:] the pl. of صداق is صُدُقٌ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) a pl. of mult., (M,) or صُدْقٌ, (O,) or both, (K,) and أَصْدِقَةٌ, a pl. of pauc., (M,) or this is accordant to analogy, but has not been heard; (Mgh;) the pl. of ↓ صَدُقَةٌ is صَدُقَاتٌ; (S, Msb, K;) the pl. of ↓ صُدْقَةٌ is صُدْقَاتٌ and صُدَقَاتٌ and صُدُقَاتٌ, (O, * Msb, K,) which last is the worst; (K;) and the pl. of ↓ صَدْقَةٌ is صُدَقٌ, (Msb,) or صَدْقَاتٌ [by rule صَدَقَاتٌ]. (O.) صِدَاقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

صَدُوقٌ Having the quality of speaking, saying, uttering, or telling, truth, or truly, or veraciously, in a high, or an eminent, degree; very, or eminently, true or veracious: (Msb:) pl. صُدُقٌ and صُدْقٌ. (K.) See also أَصْدَقُ.

صَدِيقٌ A friend: (O, K:) or a true, or sincere, friend: (S, M, Msb, TA:) applied likewise to a female, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) as also صَدِيقَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) the former anomalous, the latter regular; (MF;) and to a pl. number, (S, M, O, K,) as in the Kur xxvi. 101 (M) [and in several other instances, of which see one in a verse cited voce رَوِىٌّ]: its proper pl. is أَصْدِقَآءُ (S, M, O, K) and صُدَقَآءُ and صُدْقَانٌ, (M, K,) the last on the authority of Fr, (TA,) and أَصَادِقُ, (M, O, K,) which is a pl. pl., (K,) said by IDrd to be anomalous, unless it be a pl. pl.: (O:) and the dim. is ↓ صُدَيِّقٌ; one says, هُوَ صُدَيِّقِى, meaning He is the most special, or most distinguished, of my friends, or of my true, or sincere, friends. (S, O, K.) صَدَاقَةٌ Love, or affection: (K:) or truth, or sincerity, of love or affection: (TA:) or friendship, or friendliness; (S, M;) or true, or sincere, friendship or friendliness: (S, M, Msb:) or true firmness of heart in love or affection; an attribute of a human being only. (Er-Rághib, TA.) صُدَيِّقٌ dim. of صَدِيقٌ, q. v. (S, O, K.) صِدِّيقٌ One who speaks, says, utters, or tells, truth, or truly, or veraciously, much, or often: (Mgh, O, K:) [or rather having the quality of speaking, saying, uttering, or telling, truth, or truly, or veraciously, in a very high, or very eminent, degree; for] it has a more intensive signification than صَدُوقٌ [q. v.]: (TA:) or i. q. مُصَدِّقٌ [which may have the latter of the two meanings expl. above, or may mean one who accepts, or admits, the truth of what is said, or who verifies, &c.: or مُصَدِّق in a high, or an eminent, degree; for it is added that] the fem. as used in the Kur v. 79 means superlative in الصِّدْق and التَّصْدِيق; as a possessive epithet, i. e. ذَاتُ تَصْدِيقٍ: (M:) or it signifies دَائِمُ التَّصْدِيقِ [i. e. always مُصَدِّق in one or another or all of the senses assigned to this word above: it may be correctly rendered eminently, or always, veracious: and eminently, or always, accepting, or confirming, the truth]: and it may mean one who verifies his saying by deed, or act: (S:) it is said in the “ Mufradát ” [of Er-Rághib] that it has the first of the meanings expl. in this paragraph: or rather means, one who never lies: or rather, one by whom lying cannot be practised because of his habitual veracity: or rather, one who is true in his saying and his belief, and who confirms his truth by his deed, or acting. (TA.) صَادِقٌ Speaking, saying, uttering, or telling, truth, or truly, or veraciously; true in respect of speech &c., or veracious. (Msb, TA.) b2: صِدْقٌ صَادِقٌ is a phrase like شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ, meaning Eminent, and exalted, veracity. (M, TA. *) b3: And حَمْلَةٌ صَادِقَةٌ [A charge, or an assault, made with earnestness, not with a false show of bravery,] is like the saying [in the contr. case] حَمْلَةٌ كَاذِبَةٌ. (M, TA: * said in the latter to be tropical.) See also مَصْدَق, in two places. b4: One says also تَمْرٌ صَادِقُ الحَلَاوَةِ, meaning Very sweet dates. (IDrd, O.) b5: And بَرْدٌ صَادِقٌ Vehement, or intense, cold. (TA voce بَحْتٌ &c.) الصَّيْدَقُ The small star cleaving to the middle one of [those called] بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ الكُبْرَى [which compose the tail of Ursa Major]; (Kr, M, TA;) [i. e. the star called السُّهَا, q. v.; for] it is said that the first of بنات نعش الكبرى, that is at the extremity thereof, is named القَائِدُ; and the second is العَنَاقُ, and by the side of it is a small star named السُّهَا and الصَّيْدَقُ; and the third is الحَوَرُ: (O:) or, accord. to AA, (O, TA,) the pole-star (القُطْبُ). (O, K, TA. [But this is strange; and the more so as it is added in the K that it is expl. in art. قود; for the explanation in that art. (though not free from obvious mistakes) identifies الصَّيْدَقُ with السُّهَا.]) b2: And, (K,) accord. to Sh, (O, TA,) it signifies الأَمِينُ [The trusted, trusted in, or confided in, &c.]. (O, K. [But it is added in the O that Sh cites a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abi- s-Salt in which الأَمِينُ is applied as an epithet to the star called الصَيدق.]) b3: And, (K,) accord. to some, as AA says, (O,) it signifies The king. (O, K.) فَعَلَهُ فِى غِبِّ صَادِقَةٍ [in the CK فَعَلَهُ غِبَّ صادِقَةٍ] means He did it after the affair, or case, had become manifest to him. (IDrd, O, K, TA.) صُنْدُوقٌ, mentioned in this art. in the S and Msb: see art. صندق.

أَصْدَقُ [More, and most, true or veracious]. One says أَصْدَقُ مِنْ قَطَاةٍ [More veracious than a katáh]; because the bird thus called cries قَطَا قَطَا; [thus telling where it is to be found;] its name being imitative of its cry: (Meyd, and TA in art. قطو:) hence it is called by the Arabs ↓ الصَّدُوقُ: the saying is a prov. (Meyd.) ذُو مَصْدَقٍ, (JK, S, M, O,) with fet-h, (S,) or ↓ ذُو مِصْدَقٍ like مِنْبَر, (K,) applied to a man, (JK, M,) [i. e.] applied to a courageous man, (S, O, K,) means الحَمْلَةِ ↓ صَادِقُ [Earnest, not making a false show of bravery, in the charge, or assault]; (JK, S, M, O, K;) or courageous [in the charge, or assault]: (JK:) مَصَادِقُ, occurring in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, may be for ذَوُو مَصَادِقَ; or it may be an anomalous pl. of صِدْقٌ [used as an epithet], like مَلَامِحُ and مَشَابِهُ [pls. of لَمْحَةٌ and شَبَهٌ]. (M.) Also, (S, M, O, K,) applied to a horse, (M,) [i. e.] applied to a fleet and excellent horse, (S, O,) in like manner, (M,) meaning الجَرْىِ ↓ صَادِقُ [Earnest in running]; (S, O, K;) as though fulfilling his promise of running: (S, O: [said in the TA to be tropical:]) Khufáf Ibn-Nudbeh says, إِذَا مَا اسْتَحَمَّتْ أَرْضُهُ مِنْ سَمَائِهِ جَرَى وَهْوَ مَوْدُوعٌ وَوَاعِدُ مَصْدَقِ meaning When his hoofs are wetted with the sweat of his upper parts, he runs, being left to himself, not beaten nor chidden, and a fulfiller of his promise to do his utmost. (S, O.) And sometimes it is applied to an opinion, in like manner [as meaning True, or sincere]. (M.) b2: مَصْدَقٌ also signifies Hardness. (Th, M.) b3: Also i. q. حَدٌّ [as meaning The edge of a sword]: (TA:) [in a copy of the M written جِدّ, which I think an evident mistake; for it is added,] and it is said to have this meaning in a verse of Dureyd Ibn-Es- Simmeh [relating to a sword]. (M, TA.) مِصْدَق: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُصَدَّقٌ A man from whom the poor-rate (صَدَقَة) of his cattle is exacted. (TA.) مُصَدِّقٌ One who accepts, admits, assents to, or believes, another in his information, or narration. (S, TA.) A2: Also The exactor, or collector, (S, M, O, Msb, K, TA,) of the صَدَقَات, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. (TA) of the حُقُوق [or dues, meaning poor-rates], (M, TA,) of the cattle, (Msb,) or of the sheep or goats, (S, M, O, TA,) and of the camels, (M, O, TA,) for the persons to whom pertain the shares [thereof]. (TA.) مُصَّدِّقٌ: see مُتَصَدِّقٌ.

مِصْدَاقٌ A thing that confirms, or proves, the truth of a thing: (S, K:) [and] a verbal evidence of the truth, or veracity, of a man. (Har p. 106.) One says, هٰذَا مِصْدَاقُ هٰذَا This is what confirms, or proves, the truth of this. (S.) And شَىْءٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِصْدَاقٌ [A thing having nothing to verify it]. (IAar, TA in art. برق.) مَصْدُوقَةٌ [see 1, near the beginning]. One says لَيْسَ لِحَمْلَتِهِ مَصْدُوقَةٌ [meaning There is no earnestness attributable to his charge, or assault]; like as one says [in the contr. case], ليس لَهَا مَكْذُوبَةٌ. (M.) مُتَصَدِّقٌ One who gives what is termed صَدَقَة [meaning alms]: (S, O, Msb, K:) accord. to Kh, it means thus, and also one who asks [alms]; (O, TA;) and IAmb says the like; but Az says that the skilful of the grammarians disallow this; and thus say Fr and As and others: (TA:) [J, also, and Sgh and Fei, say that] it has only the former meaning: (S, O, Msb:) it is also pronounced ↓ مُصَّدِّقٌ, by substitution [of ص for ت] and incorporation [of one ص into the other]; (S, * O, * Msb, K; *) and this pronunciation of the pl. both masc. and fem. occurs in the Kur lvii. 17, (S, O, K,) where Ibn-Ketheer and Aboo-Bekr, differing from others, read without teshdeed to the ص. (O.)

صدق: صَدَق. بدل ان يقال: صَدقَه القتال أي تصلّب فيه واشتد، يقال أيضاً: صدقه وحدها (حيان ص73 و).
صدق: يقال صدقت الريح أي هبَّت، ففي البكري (ص153): ولا تخرج السفن من هذا الميناء: إلا في موسم الأمطار فحينئذ تصدق لهم الرياح البّرية، أي تهب من الأرض وهو أمر في صالحها.
صدق ب: عكف على، وهب نفسه ل، ففي حيّان - بسّام (1: 116 ق): كان صادقاً بالطب والفلسفة. غير أن كتابة الكلمة مشكوك فيها.
صَدَّق ب: وثق ب، أيقن (معجم الطرائف وفي حيّان - بسّام (1: 10): ولا يصدقون بنجاة أنفسهم، وفي النويري (الأندلس ص476): أهل الزاهرة غير مصدقين بالأمر (ألف ليلة: 39، 78، 101) وفي كوسج (طرائف ص33): أهذا حلم أم واقع؟ ما أصدق بها.
ويقال: صدَّق أنّ، ففي ألف ليلة 1: 25): فقال له العفريت وأنت لا تُصدّق إنني كنت فيه فقال الصيّاد لا أصدّقها أبداً حتى أنظرك بعيني.
صدَّق أمله: برّر أمله (بوشر).
صدّ‍ق القتال = صَدَق القتال. وكذلك صدَّق الحملة عليهم أو صدَّق عليهم (معجم الطرائف).
صدَّق: ضحَّى للأموات من آبائه (ألكالا) ما صدَّق أي متى: تأخر، ابتغى، توخى. ويقال: ما كان يصدّق أي متى يصل، أي كان متلهفا على الوصول (بوشر) وفي ألف ليلة يرد هذا الفعل كثيراً فهو المراد وليس صدق كما يذكر فريتاج.
صدَّق: يدل على معنى يختلف بعض الاختلاف إذ نجد (انظر العبارات التي أقتبسها فريتاج من معجم هابيشت الملحق بالجزء الأول من طبعته): ما صدق إلى أن أتى الفجر. وما صدق بالصباح أتى. لا صدقت الليل يقبل أي كاد وما صدق في الكلام حتى. أي ما كاد يسمع الخ كما ترجمها لين.
صادق: صادق الوارث على الوصية = أجازها. وصادق على البيع = أمضاه. وصادق على الكلام = أثبته. والثلاثة من كلام المولّدين (محيط المحيط) صادق بينهما: جعلهما صديقين اكوسج طرائف 2: 1).
تصدَّق: يقال تصدّق به على فلان. يقال عن امرأة: تصدَّقَت بنفسها على فلان أي تعهَّرت ووهبت نفسها له (معجم الادريسي).
يتصدَّق: يمكن تصديقه (بوشر).
تصدَّق: نبات اسمه العلمي: Collegit eleemosynas ( رايسكه) (بابن سميث 1203 - 1204).
صَدَق: تصحيف سَدَق بمعنى ليلة الوقود. (محيط المحيط) والصواب سذق (انظر فريتاج في مادة سَنذق).
صَدَقة وجمعها صدقات: عطية، هبة، ما أعطيت في ذات الله، عطية يراد بها المثوبة. (أماري ديب ص166، 167، 185، 207، 207).
صَدَقة (مفردة): ما يزود به المسافر من زاد (دوماس حياة العرب ص143).
صَدَقَّة: ميثاق، عهد، عقد، اتفاق. ففي عبّاد (2: 192): وهذا الرجل الذي استدعاك ما بينك وبينه متات قديم ولا صدقة متَّصلة.
صَدِيق: من بلغ درجة القدسية المسماة صَدِيقيّة (انظر الكلمة) (المقدمة 1: 201) والشدَّة على الدال فيها زائدة.
صديق. وهي صديقة وجمعها صدائق (معجم مسلم).
صَدَاقَة: وفاء، اخلاص، صدق، استقامة. (بوشر).
صَدَاقة: حقيقة (بوشر).
الصَدَاقة عند أهل السلوك (الصوفية): استواء القلب في الوفاء والجفاء والمنع والعطاء. وهي من مراتب المحبة (محيط المحيط).
صَديقيَّة: درجة أعلى من درجات الولاية (من معنى الولي واحد الأولياء) وأدنى من درجات النبوة لا واسطة بينها وبين النبوة فمن جاوزها وقع في النبَّوة (محيط المحيط).
وفي المقري (1: 588) هذه الدرجة أعلى من درجة الشهادة وأدنى من درجة القُطْب.
صادِق: الجوع الصادق عند الأطباء ما كان عن طلب المعدة الطعام لا عن رياح تمدد الجوف (محيط المحيط).
صادق. صيدلاني صادق: ناصح لا يغّش الأدوية ويقال: إذا كان الطبيب حاذقاً والصيدلاني صادقاً والمريض موافقاً فما أقل لبث العلَّة (محيط المحيط).
صادق: من يحب الله حباً حقيقياً (كوسج طرائف ص58) وأنظر: صَدَاقة.
حقل صادق: خصيب، ممرع (أماري ص61).
تَصْدِيق: في اصطلاح المنطق: تحقيق، إيجاب إثبات، وهو ضد التصور الذي معناه معنى مجرد مثل الله والإنسان والخالد السرمدي.
فالتصديق مثل: الله خالد سرمدي والإنسان ليس بخالد. (دي سلان المقدمة 1: 201، محيط المحيط، المقدمة 2: 365، وجمعه تصديقات، 3: 108).
حرف تصديق: حرف تأكيد (بوشر).
تصديق: مؤلف معجم المصطلحات الفنية يذكر لهذه الكلمة المعنى الذي يذكره صاحب محيط المحيط لكلمة صَدِيقيَّة (ينظر صديقية).
تَصْديقي: إثباتي، إيجابي (بوشر) والعلوم التصوُّرية والتصديقية: المعاني المجردة والمفاهيم المؤكدة (المقدمة 1: 177) انظر: تصديق.
مصدوقة. مصدوقة الطاعة: الطاعة الحقيقية (تاريخ البربر 1: 643) والمصدقة وحدها تعني الطاعة (تاريخ البربر 1: 654).
مصدوقة ودّ: صداقة حقيقية (تاريخ البربر 1: 389).
مصدوقة: خطة للهجوم حقيقية (تاريخ البربر 1: 591).

هيش

1 هَاشَ القَوْمُ, aor. ـِ (S,) inf. n. هَيْشٌ, (S, K,) The people, or company of men, were, or became, in a state of commotion and excitement, (S, K, *) عَلَيْنَا against us. (S.) b2: هَاشَ القَوْمُ بَعْضَُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ The people, or company of men, leaped, or sprang, one, or one portion. towards another, for fight, or conflict: (TA:) and النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ ↓ تهيّش The men, or people, leaped, or sprang, one, or one portion, towards another, (JK,) in the slightest kind of conflict. (TA.) b3: هَاشَ فِى النَّاسِ, (JK, TA,) inf. n. هَيْشٌ, (JK, K,) He created, or excited, disorder, disturbance, discord, or dissension, between, or among, the people; made mischief among them. (JK, K, * TA.) b4: هَاشَ الرّجُلُ, (JK,) inf. n. هَيْشٌ, (JK, K,) The man used, or uttered much foul speech or language. (JK. Sgh, K. *) A2: هَاشَ, aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (Fr, K,) He collected. (Fr, K, TA.) [In this sense, as well as the first, it is like هاش having هَوْشٌ for its inf. n.]5 تَهَيَّشَ see 1.

هَيْشَةٌ i. q. هَوْشَةٌ; (S, K;) Conflict and faction, sedition, discord, or dissension. (JK, K.) It is said in a trad., (TA,) لَيْسَ فِى الهَيْشَاتِ قَوَدٌ, (K, TA,) or, accord. to one relation, فى الهَوْشَاتِ, (TA,) There is no retaliation for one slain in cases of conflict and faction, &c., when the slayer is unknown. (K, TA.) And هَيْشَات in the phrases هَيْشَاتُ اللَّيْلِ and هَيْشَاتُ الَأَسْوَاقِ is like هَوْشَات. (TA.) A2: A company of men: (JK, S:) or a mixed, or confused, company. (K.)