ثمد

1 ثَمَدَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. ثَمْدٌ, He took forth, or dug out, from it (i. e. a ثَمَد q. v. infrà) the earth, in order that the water might come forth; (M, L;) as also ↓ اثمدهُ, (so in the TA, and in the TT from the M,) or ↓ اِثَّمَدَهُ, (accord. to the L,) and ↓ استثمدهُ. (M, L.) b2: Also, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He took it (اتّخذهُ) as a ثَمَد; and so ↓ اثمدهُ and ↓ استثمدهُ. (K, TA. [But see 8 below.]) b3: [Hence, (tropical:) He begged of him until he exhausted him of what he possessed. (A meaning indicated, but not expressed, in the A.)] b4: And ثَمَدْتُ النَّاقَةَ بِالحَلْبِ (tropical:) I exhausted the she-camel by milking. (A.) b5: And ثَمَدَتْهُ النِّسَآءُ (tropical:) Women exhausted him of his seminal fluid. (T, S, M, A, K. In the CK ثَمَّدَتْهُ.) A2: (tropical:) He gave him a gift. (A.) A3: ثَمَدَ, (K,) inf. n. ثَمْدٌ, (TA,) He (a man, TA) was, or became, fat; as also ↓ اِثْمَادَّ (K) and ↓ اِثْمَأَدَّ. (ISh, TA.) 4 أَثْمَدَ see 1, in two places.

A2: اثمد عَيْنَهُ He applied إِثْمِد as a collyrium to his eye. (A, TA.) 8 اثتمد and اِثَّمَدَ He (a man, S) came to a ثَمَد [q. v.] to drink. (S, K.) b2: اثتمد ثَمَدًا He made, or prepared, (اتّخذ,) a ثَمَد. (ISk, L.) See also 1.10 استثمدهُ: see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) He sought of him a gift, (A,) or a benefit, a favour, or an act of kindness. (K.) 11 اثمادّ: see 1.

Q. Q. 4 اِثْمَأَدَّ: see 1.

ثَمْدٌ: see what next follows.

ثَمَدٌ (T, S, M, A, K) and ↓ ثَمْدٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ ثِمَادٌ, (M, K,) or the last is a pl. of one of the two preceding words, (MF,) Water that is little in quantity, (Lth, T, S, M, K,) that has no continual increase: (S, M, A, K:) or a little water remaining in a tract of hard, or hard and level, ground: or what appears in winter and goes away in summer (الصَّيْف): (M, K:) or a small round hollow or cavity (قَلْت) in which the rainwater collects and from which men drink during two months of the spring-season (الصَّيْف), but which fails when the summer (القَيْظ) comes: (IAar, T:) and rain-water that remains retained beneath the sand, and, when this is removed, is yielded by the ground: (A:) pl. ثِمَادٌ (T, A) and أَثْمَادٌ [a pl. of pauc.]: (so in the L:) some say that ثِمَادٌ signifies holes dug or excavated, in which is a little water; and hence A'Obeyd says, سُجِرَتِ الثِّمَادُ, meaning that the holes &c. were filled by the rain; but he does not explain it: (M:) or ثِمَادٌ signifies wells dug around a place which has been prepared to receive the water of the rain, where there is continually rain-water, this place having water-courses, and the said wells being filled therefrom: men drink the water that lies open to view until it becomes dried up by the effect of the hot winds of summer; the wells remaining. (Aboo-Málik, T.) ثِمَادٌ: see ثَمَدٌ.

ثَامِدٌ A lamb or kid or calf that has begun to eat. (S.) إِثْمِدٌ [An ore of antimony: or antimony itself; stibium; or stimmi:] collyrium-stone (حَجَرُ الكُحْلِ), (K, TA,) which is black inclining to red, the mines whereof are in Ispahán, whence the best is obtained, and in the West, whence the hardest is obtained: (TA:) a certain stone used as a collyrium: (S:) a certain stone from which collyrium (كُحْل) is prepared: or collyrium (كُحْل) itself: (M:) or a substance resembling it: (Seer, M:) or a species thereof: (Lth, T:) or black كُحْل, the mine whereof is in the East: said by some of the lawyers to be that of Ispahán: and said to be an arabicized word. (Msb.) The women of the Arabs used also to sprinkle [or rub] it upon the lips and gums, in order that the teeth might glisten the more. (EM p. 62.) [And for the same purpose, many of them tattoo their lips, so as to make them of a uniform dull bluish hue.] b2: One says of a man who remains awake at night, journeying or working, فُلَانٌ يَجْعَلُ اللَّيْلَ إِثْمِدًا [Such a one makes the night a collyrium]; the blackness of the night being as though it were a collyrium to his eyes because he labours all the night in seeking the means of attaining to eminence. (AA, T, L.) مَثْمُودٌ A water exhausted by the crowding of men to it, (S, M, K,) except the smaller portion of it. (S, K.) b2: And [hence,] (tropical:) A man exhausted of what he possessed, (T, S, M, A, K,) by his giving when asked, (M, K,) or in consequence of much begging. (T, S, M, A.) b3: And (tropical:) A man exhausted of his seminal fluid by women. (S, A, K.)

الغَرِيّانِ:
تثنية الغريّ، وهو المطليّ، الغراء، ممدود: وهو الغراء الذي يطلى به، والغريّ فعيل بمعنى مفعول، والغريّ: الحسن من كلّ شيء، يقال: رجل غريّ الوجه إذا كان حسنا مليحا، فيجوز أن يكون الغريّ مأخوذا من كل واحد من هذين، والغريّ: نصب كان يذبح عليه العتائر، والغريّان: طربالان وهما بناءان كالصّومعتين بظاهر الكوفة قرب قبر عليّ بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، قال ابن دريد: الطربال قطعة من جبل أو قطعة من حائط تستطيل في السماء وتميل، وفي الحديث: كان، عليه الصلاة والسلام، إذا مرّ بطربال مائل أسرع المشي، والجمع الطرابيل،
وقيل: الطربال القطعة العالية من الجدار والصخرة العظيمة المشرفة من الجبل، وطرابيل الشام: صوامعها.
والغريّان أيضا: خيالان من أخيلة حمى فيد بينهما وبين فيد ستة عشر ميلا يطؤهما طريق الحاجّ، عن الحازمي، والخيال: ما نصب في أرض ليعلم أنها حمى فلا تقرب، وحمى فيد: معروف وله أخيلة، وفيهما يقول الشاعر فيما أحسب:
وهل أرين بين الغريّين فالرّجا ... إلى مدفع الريّان سكنا تجاوره؟
لأن الرجا والريّان قريتان من هذا الموضع، وقال ابن هرمة:
أتمضي ولم تلمم على الطّلل القفر ... لسلمى ورسم بالغريّين كالسطر
عهدنا به البيض المعاريب للصّبا ... وفارط أحواض الشباب الذي يقري
وقال السمهري العكلي:
ونبّئت ليلى بالغريّين سلّمت ... عليّ، ودوني طخفة ورجامها
عديد الحصى والأثل من بطن بيشة ... وطرفائها ما دام فيها حمامها
قال: فأما الغريّان بالكوفة فحدّث هشام بن محمد الكلبي قال: حدّثني شرقيّ بن القطامي قال: بعثني المنصور إلى بعض الملوك فكنت أحدثه بحديث العرب وأنسابها فلا أراه يرتاح لذلك ولا يعجبه، قال: فقال لي رجل من أصحابه يا أبا المثنى أي شيء الغريّ في كلام العرب؟ قلت: الغريّ الحسين، والعرب تقول:
هذا رجل غريّ، وإنما سمّيا الغريين لحسنهما في ذلك الزمان، وإنما بني الغريان اللذان في الكوفة على مثل غريّين بناهما صاحب مصر وجعل عليهما حرسا فكل من لم يصلّ لهما قتل إلا أنه يخيّره خصلتين ليس فيهما النجاة من القتل ولا الملك ويعطيه ما يتمنى في الحال ثم يقتله، فغبر بذلك دهرا، قال: فأقبل قصّار من أهل إفريقية ومعه حمار له وكذين فمرّ بهما فلم يصلّ فأخذه الحرس فقال: ما لي؟ فقالوا:
لم تصلّ للغريّين، فقال: لم أعلم، فذهبوا به إلى الملك فقالوا: هذا لم يصلّ للغريّين، فقال له: ما منعك أن تصلي لهما؟ قال: لم أعلم وأنا رجل غريب من أهل إفريقية أحببت أن أكون في جوارك لأغسل ثيابك وثياب خاصتك وأصيب من كنفك خيرا، ولو علمت لصليت لهما ألف ركعة، فقال له: تمنّ، فقال: وما أتمنّى؟ فقال: لا تتمنّ الملك ولا أن تنجّي نفسك من القتل وتمنّ ما شئت، قال: فأدبر القصّار وأقبل وخضع وتضرع وأقام عذره لغربته فأبى أن يقبل، فقال: إني أسألك عشرة آلاف درهم، فقال: عليّ بعشرة آلاف درهم، قال: وبريدا، فأتى البريد فسلّم إليه وقال: إذا أتيت إفريقية فسل عن منزل فلان القصّار فادفع هذه العشرة آلاف درهم إلى أهله، ثم قال له الملك: تمنّ الثانية، فقال: أضرب كلّ واحد منكم بهذا الكذين ثلاث ضربات واحدة شديدة وأخرى وسطى وأخرى دون ذلك، قال: فارتاب الملك ومكث طويلا ثم قال لجلسائه: ما ترون؟ قالوا: نرى أن لا تقطع سنّة سنّها آباؤك، قالوا: فيمن تبدأ؟ قال: أبدأ بالملك ابن الملك الذي سنّ هذا، قال: فنزل عن سريره ورفع القصّار الكذين فضرب أصل قفاه فسقط على وجهه، فقال الملك: ليت شعري أيّ الضربات هذه! والله لئن كانت الهينة ثم جاءت الوسطى والشديدة لأموتن! فنظر إلى الحرس وقال: أولاد الزنا، تزعمون أنه لم يصلّ وأنا والله رأيته حيث صلى، خلوا سبيله
واهدموا الغريّين! قال: فضحك القصار حتى جعل يفحص برجله من كثرة الضحك، قلت أنا: فالذي يقع لي ويغلب على ظني أن المنذر لما صنع الغريين بظاهر الكوفة سنّ تلك السنّة ولم يشرط قضاء الحوائج الثلاث التي كان يشرطها ملك مصر، والله أعلم، وأن الغريّين بظاهر الكوفة بناهما المنذر بن امرئ القيس ابن ماء السماء، وكان السبب في ذلك أنه كان له نديمان من بني أسد يقال لأحدهما خالد بن نضلة والآخر عمرو بن مسعود فثملا فراجعا الملك ليلة في بعض كلامه فأمر وهو سكران فحفر لهما حفيرتان في ظهر الكوفة ودفنهما حيّين، فلما أصبح استدعاهما فأخبر بالذي أمضاه فيهما فغمه ذلك وقصد حفرتهما وأمر ببناء طربالين عليهما وهما صومعتان، فقال المنذر: ما أنا بملك إن خالف الناس امري، لا يمرّ أحد من وفود العرب إلا بينهما، وجعل لهما في السّنة يوم بؤس ويوم نعيم، يذبح في يوم بؤسه كلّ من يلقاه ويغري بدمه الطربالين، فان رفعت له الوحش طلبتها الخيل، وإن رفع طائر أرسل عليه الجوارح حتى يذبح ما يعنّ ويطليان بدمه، ولبث بذلك برهة من دهره وسمّى أحد اليومين يوم البؤس وهو اليوم الذي يقتل فيه ما ظهر له من إنسان وغيره، وسمى الآخر يوم النعيم يحسن فيه إلى كلّ من يلقى من الناس ويحملهم ويخلع عليهم، فخرج يوما من أيام بؤسه إذ طلع عليه عبيد بن الأبرص الأسدي الشاعر وقد جاء ممتدحا، فلما نظر إليه قال: هلّا كان الذبح لغيرك يا عبيد! فقال عبيد: أتتك بحائن رجلاه، فأرسلها مثلا، فقال له المنذر: أو أجل قد بلغ أناه، فقال رجل ممن كان معه: أبيت اللعن اتركه فاني أظن أن عنده من حسن القريض أفضل مما تريد من قتله فاسمع فان سمعت حسنا فاستزده وإن كان غيره قتلته وأنت قادر عليه، فأنزل فطعم وشرب ثم دعا به المنذر فقال له: زدنيه ما ترى، قال: أرى المنايا على الحوايا، ثم قال له المنذر: أنشدني فقد كان يعجبني شعرك، فقال عبيد: حال الجريض دون القريض وبلغ الحزام الطبّيين، فأرسلهما مثلين، فقال له بعض الحاضرين: أنشد الملك هبلتك أمك! فقال عبيد: وما قول قائل مقتول؟ فأرسلها مثلا أي لا تدخل في همك من لا يهتم بك، قال المنذر: قد أمللتني فأرحني قبل أن آمر بك، قال عبيد: من عزّ بزّ، فأرسلها مثلا، فقال المنذر: أنشدني قولك:
أقفر من أهله ملحوب فقال عبيد:
أقفر من أهله عبيد، ... فاليوم لا يبدي ولا يعيد
عنّت له منيّة تكود، ... وحان منها له ورود
فقال له المنذر: أسمعني يا عبيد قولك قبل أن أذبحك، فقال:
والله إن متّ ما ضرّني، ... وإن عشت ما عشت في واحده
فأبلغ بنيّ وأعمامهم ... بأن المنايا هي الواردة
لها مدة فنفوس العباد ... إليها، وإن كرهت، قاصده
فلا تجزعوا لحمام دنا، ... فللموت ما تلد الوالده
فقال المنذر: ويلك أنشدني! فقال:
هي الخمر بالهزل تكنى الطّلا، ... كما الذئب يكنّى أبا جعدة
فقال المنذر: يا عبيد لا بد من الموت وقد علمت أن النعمان ابني لو عرض لي يوم بؤسي لم أجد بدّا من أن أذبحه، فأما أن كانت لك وكنت لها فاختر إحدى ثلاث خلال: إن شئت فصدتك من الأكحل وإن شئت من الأبجل وإن شئت من الوريد، فقال عبيد:
أبيت اللعن! ثلاث خلال كساحيات واردها شرّ وارد وحاديها شر حاد ومعاديها شر معاد فلا خير فيها لمرتاد، إن كنت لا محالة قاتلي فاسقني الخمر حتى إذا ماتت لها مفاصلي وذهلت منها ذواهلي فشأنك وما تريد من مقاتلي، فاستدعى له المنذر الخمر فشرب فلما أخذت منه وطابت نفسه وقدمه المنذر أنشأ يقول:
وخيّرني ذو البؤس، في يوم بؤسه، ... خلالا أرى في كلها الموت قد برق
كما خيّرت عاد من الدهر مرة، ... سحائب ما فيها لذي خيرة أنق
سحائب ريح لم توكّل ببلدة ... فتتركها إلا كما ليلة الطّلق
ثم أمر به المنذر ففصد حتى نزف دمه فلما مات غرّى بدمه الغريّين، فلم يزل على ذلك حتى مرّ به في بعض أيام البؤس رجل من طيّء يقال له حنظلة فقرّب ليقتل فقال: أبيت اللعن! إني أتيتك زائرا ولأهلي من بحرك مائرا فلا تجعل ميرتهم ما تورده عليهم من قتلي، قال له المنذر: لا بد من قتلك فسل حاجتك تقض لك قبل موتك، فقال: تؤجلني سنة أرجع فيها إلى أهلي فأحكم فيهم بما أريد ثم أسير إليك فينفذ في أمرك، فقال له المنذر: ومن يكفلك أنك تعود؟
فنظر حنظلة في وجوه جلسائه فعرف شريك بن عمرو ابن شراحيل الشيباني فقال:
يا شريك يا ابن عمرو ... هل من الموت محاله؟
يا شريك يا ابن عمرو، ... يا أخا من لا أخا له
يا أخا المنذر فكّ ال ... يوم رهنا قد أنى له
يا أخا كل مضاف ... وأخا من لا أخا له
إنّ شيبان قبيل ... أكرم الناس رجاله
وأبو الخيرات عمرو ... وشراحيل الحمالة
رقباك اليوم في المج ... د وفي حسن المقاله
فوثب شريك وقال: أبيت اللعن! يدي بيده ودمي بدمه إن لم يعد إلى أجله، فأطلقه المنذر، فلما كان من القابل قعد المنذر في مجلسه في يوم بؤسه ينتظر حنظلة فأبطأ عليهم فقدم شريك ليقتل فلم يشعر إلا وراكب قد طلع فإذا هو حنظلة وقد تحنط وتكفّن ومعه نادبته تندبه، فلما رأى المنذر ذلك عجب من وفائه وقال: ما حملك على قتل نفسك؟ فقال: أيها الملك إن لي دينا يمنعني من الغدر، قال: وما دينك؟
قال: النصرانية، فاستحسن ذلك منه وأطلقهما معا وأبطل تلك السّنّة وكان سبب تنصره وتنصر أهل الحيرة فيما زعموا، وروى الشرقيّ بن القطامي قال:
الغريّ الحسن من كل شيء وإنما سميا الغريّين لحسنهما وكان المنذر قد بناهما على صورة غريّين كان بعض ملوك مصر بناهما، وقرأت على ظهر كتاب شرح سيبويه المبرّد بخط الأديب عثمان بن عمر الصقليّ النحوي الخزرجي ما صورته: وجدت بخط أبي بكر السّرّاج، رحمه الله، على ظهر جزء من أجزاء
كتاب سيبويه أخبرني أبو عبد الله اليزيدي قال حدثني ثعلب قال: مرّ معن بن زائدة بالغريين فرأى أحدهما وقد شعّث وهدم فأنشأ يقول:
لو كان شيء له أن لا يبيد على ... طول الزمان لما باد الغريّان
ففرّق الدهر والأيام بينهما، ... وكلّ إلف إلى بين وهجران

شط

1 شَطَّ, aor. ـِ and شَطُّ, (S, Msb, K,) [the latter contr. to analogy,] the pret. like ضَرَبَ and قَتَلَ, (Msb, [and the like is said in the TA,]) inf. n. شَطٌّ and شُطُوطٌ, (S, K,) It (a house, or dwelling, S, Msb, TA, and a place of visitation, TA) was, or became, distant, remote, or far off. (S, Msb, K.) b2: شَطَّ فِى السَّوْمِ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـِ and شَطُّ, (Msb,) inf. n. شَطُّ and شَطَطٌ; (TA;) or فِيهِ ↓ أَشَطَّ; (S;) or both, (Msb, K,) but the latter is the more common; (K;) and ↓ اشتطّ; (S;) He went far, (S, K,) or beyond the due bounds, in offering a thing for sale and demanding a price for it, or in bargaining for a thing: (S, Msb, K:) the verb in this phrase is also followed by عَلَيْهِ [against him]. (TA.) IB says that شَطَّ signifies بَعُدَ [meaning He, or it, was, or became, distant, &c.]: and that ↓ أَشَطَّ signifies أَبْعَدَ [meaning he went far, &c.]. (TA.) You say also, فِى طَلَبِى ↓ أَشَطُّوا They went far, or very far, or to a great or an extraordinary length, in seeking me. (S, K. *) And القَوْمُ فِى طَلَبِنَا ↓ أَشَطَّ The people, or company of men, sought us walking and riding. (TA.) And فِى المَفَازَةِ ↓ أَشَطَّ He went away in the desert: (K:) as though he went far in it. (TA.) And شَطَّ فِى سِلْعَتِهِ, inf. n. شَطَطٌ, He exceeded the due bounds, and went far from what was right, in respect of his commodity, or article of merchandise. (K.) And شَطَّ فِى حُكْمِهِ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (K, TA,) only, (TA,) or شَطِّ and شَطُّ, (Msb,) the latter aor. is mentioned in the L, (TA,) inf. n. شَطَطٌ, (Msb, TA,) in the K, erroneously, شَطِيطٌ, (TA,) and شُطُوطٌ also; (Msb;) and ↓ اشطّ; (Msb, K;) and ↓ اشتطّ; (K;) or فِى القَضِيَّةِ ↓ اشطّ; (S;) He acted unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically, (S, Msb, K,) in his judging, or exercising jurisdiction or rule, or passing sentence, (Msb, K,) or in judging, &c., (S,) عَلَيْهِ against him. (K.) And شَطَطْتُ عَلَيْهِ, (S, L,) aor. ـُ (L,) and ↓ أَشْطَطْتُ; (S, L;) I acted unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically, against him: mentioned by A'Obeyd. (S, L.) It is said in the Kur [xxxviii. 21], وَلَا تَشْطُطْ, or ↓ تُشْطِطْ, or ↓ تُشَطِّطْ, or ↓ تُشَاطِطْ, accord. to different readings, And go not thou far from what is right: (K, TA:) all having this meaning: (TA:) or exceed not the due bounds. (Bd.) شَطَطٌ signifies The exceeding the due bounds (AA, S, Mgh) in selling, and in demanding or seeking, and in exercising jurisdiction, &c., (AA,) or in everything. (S.) It is said in a trad. لَهَا مَهْرُ مِثْلِهَا لَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ [She shall have the dowry of her like:] there shall be no falling short nor exceeding. (S.) And you say of a just sale, لَا بَخْسَ فِيهِ وَلَا شَطَطَ, (S in art. بخس,) or ولا شُطُوطَ, (T and TA in that art.,) [There is no deficiency in it nor excess.] You also say شَطَّ فِى القَوْلِ, aor. ـِ and شَطُّ, inf. n. شَطَطٌ and شُطُوطٌ, He was rough, harsh, or coarse, in speech. (Msb.) A2: شَطَّ used transitively, [aor. ـُ He passed, or passed beyond, [or, probably, passed far away from,] a place. (TA.) b2: شَطَّ فُلَانًا, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. شَطٌّ and شُطُوطٌ, (K,) He distressed, or afflicted, such a one, and treated him, or used him, unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically: (K:) so say Az and Aboo-Malik. (TA.) b3: شَاطَّهُ فَشَطَّهُ: see 3.2 شطّط, inf. n. تَشْطِيطٌ, He strove, laboured, exerted himself, or did his utmost, in acting unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically, and exceeding the due bounds. (K, * TA.) See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.3 شاطّهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَاطَّةٌ, (TA,) He vied with him in اِشْتِطَاط [i. e. going far, or beyond the due bounds, in offering a thing for sale and demanding a price for it, or in bargaining for a thing; or acting unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically, in judging, &c.]. (K.) Yousay, ↓ شاطّهُ فَشَطَّهُ [He vied with him in so doing, and surpassed him, or overcame him, therein]. (TA.) See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.4 أَشْطَ3َ see 1, in nine places.8 إِشْتَطَ3َ see 1, in two places.

شَطٌّ The bank, or side, of a river: (S, Msb, K:) and of a valley: (S, Msb:) or, of the latter, the rising ground next the bottom: (AHn:) pl. شُطُوطٌ (Msb, K) and شُطَّانٌ; (K;) the latter occurring in a verse, accord. to one relation; but accord. to another relation, it is شُطْآنٌ, pl. of شَاطِئٌ, which is syn. with شَطٌّ. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) The side of a camel's hump; (S, K;) any side thereof: (S:) or the half thereof: (K:) pl. شُطُوطٌ. (S, K.) شَطَّةٌ: see شَاطٌّ.

شِطَّةٌ: see شَطَاطٌ, in two places.

شَطَطٌ, for أَمْرٌ ذُو شَطَطٍ, (Mgh,) and قَوْلٌ ذُو شَطَطٍ, (Bd in lxxii. 4,) An action, or affair, (Mgh,) and a saying, (Bd,) that is extravagant, or exorbitant, or exceeding the due bounds. (Mgh, Bd.) [See 1, of which it is an inf. n.]

شَطَاطٌ Distance; remoteness; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ شِطَاطٌ and ↓ شِطَّةٌ, with kesr, (K,) and ↓ مَشَطَّةٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., اَللّٰهُمَّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ وَسُوْءِ المُنْقَلَبِ ↓ وَعْثَآءِ السَّفَرِ وَكَآبَةِ الشِّطَّةِ i. e. [O God, verily I seek protection by Thee from trouble of travel, and grievousness] of distance of the space to be journeyed over, [and evilness of return to my home.] (TA.) b2: And Distance, or farness, between the two extremities of a man; as also ↓ شِطَاطٌ and ↓ شَطَاطَةٌ. (K.) And Tallness, and beauty of stature: (K:) or justness of stature: (IDrd, S, K:) as also ↓ شِطَاطٌ, (S, K,) in either sense. (K.) A2: Also, and ↓ شِطَاطٌ, Fragments of baked bricks. (K.) b2: [Freytag erroneously assigns the first and last meanings in this paragraph to شَطَّةٌ: and he adds, from Reiske, a meaning belonging to شِظَاظٌ.]

شِطَاطٌ: see شَطَاطٌ, in four places.

شَطُوطٌ A she-camel having a large hump; (As, S, K;) as also ↓ شَطَوْطَى: (K:) or large in the two sides of the hump: (TA:) pl. شَطَائِطُ. (K.) شَطَاطَةٌ: see شَطَاطٌ.

شَطَوْطَى: see شَطُوطٌ.

شَطْشَاطٌ A certain bird: (K:) IDrd says that it is asserted to have this meaning; but is not of established authority. (O.) شَاطٌّ Anything Distant, remote, or far. (TA.) b2: A man whose two extremities are far from each other. (K.) b3: جَارِيَةٌ شَاطَّةٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ شَطَّةٌ, (K,) A girl tall, and of beautiful stature: (K:) or of just stature. (S, K.) A2: إِنَّكَ لَشَاطِّى

Verily thou art acting unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically, towards me in judging: occurring in a trad. (A'Obeyd, Az, S.) مَشَطَّةٌ: see شَطَاطٌ. b2: Also Difficulty, distress, affliction, trouble, or inconvenience. (TA.)

خول

1 خَالَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. خَوْلٌ, He became possessed of خَوَل [so I read, meaning slaves, or servants, and other dependents, in the place of خوال, an evident mistranscription, in the TA,] after having been alone. (TA.) b2: فُلَانٌ يَخُولُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ Such a one pastures for his family: (S:) or يَخُولُ عَلَيْهِمْ signifies he milks and waters and pastures for them. (T, TA.) And خال عَلَيْهِمْ He ruled, or governed, them. (JK.) And خال مَالَهُ, (K, * TA,) aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. خَوْلٌ and خِيَالٌ, (K,) He pastured his cattle, or camels &c., and managed them, or tended them, and sustained them, (K, * TA,) well: (K:) or خُلْتُ المَالَ, aor. ـُ I managed the cattle, &c., well: (S:) and خال عَلَى المَالِ, aor. ـُ he pastured the cattle, &c., and managed them well; as also خال, aor. ـِ (TA in art. خيل.) A2: خال, aor. ـُ and يَخَالُ or يَخِيلُ, see اختال (with which it is syn.) in art. خيل.2 خوّلهُ اللّٰهُ الشَّىْءَ, (JK, S,) or مَالًا, (Msb,) or المَالَ, (K,) inf. n. تَخْوِيلٌ, (S,) God made him to possess, (JK, S,) or gave him, (Msb, K,) or conferred upon him, as a favour, (K,) the thing, (JK, S,) or property, (Msb,) or the property. (K.) So in the Kur vi. 94 and xxxix. 11 [and 50]. (TA.) 4 أَخْوَلَ (JK, Msb, K) and أُخْوِلَ (K) He (a man, JK, Msb) had maternal uncles: (JK, K:) or he had many maternal uncles: (Msb:) [both signify the same accord. to the K: but the latter properly signifies he was made to have maternal uncles, or many maternal uncles: see مُخْوَلٌ.]

A2: مِنَ الخَيْرِ ↓ اخال فيه خَالًا He perceived, or discovered, in him an indication, or a symptom, sign, mark, or token, of good; as also ↓ تخوّل (JK, S, K) and تخيّل. (K.) [See also 2 in art. خيل.]

A3: See also 10, in two places.5 تَخَوَّلَ see 4: A2: and see also 10, in three places.

A3: تخوّلهُ also signifies He paid frequent attention, or returned time after time, (JK, S, K,) to it, (JK,) or to him; syn. تَعَهَّدَهُ. (JK, S, K.) You say, تَخَوَّلْتُهُمْ بِالمَوْعِظَةِ I paid frequent attention to them with exhorting, or admonishing; syn. تَعَهَّدْتُهُمْ. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., of the Prophet, كَانَ يَتَخَوَّلُنَا بِالمَوْعِظَةِ مَخَافَةَ السَّآمَةِ [He used to pay frequent attention to us with exhorting, or admonishing, for fear of loathing on our part, or disgust]; (S;) or يَتَخَوَّلُهُمْ, i. e. يَتَعَهَّدُهُمْ: (TA:) As used to say يَتَخَوَّنُنَا, i. e. يَتَعَهَّدُنَا; (S;) or يَتَخَوَّنُهُمْ: and some read يَتَحَوَّلُهُمْ, with the unpointed ح, explained in art. حول. (TA.) And sometimes they said, تخوّلتِ, الرِّيحُ الأَرْضَ, i. e. تَعَهَّدَتْهَا [app. meaning The wind returned to the land time after time]. (S.) 10 اِسْتَخْوَلَهُمْ He took them as خَوَل, (K, TA,) i. e. slaves, or servants, and other dependents. (TA.) A2: استخول فِيهِمْ and استخال He took, or adopted, them as maternal uncles: and خَالًا ↓ تخوّل he took, or adopted, a maternal uncle; (K;) like as one says, تَعَمَّمَ عَمًّا: and ↓ تَخَوَّلَتْهُ She called him her maternal uncle. (TA.) You say, اِسْتَخِلْ خَالًا غَيْرَ خَالِكَ and اِسْتَخْوِلْ (JK, S) and ↓ تَخَوَّلَ (JK) Adopt thou a maternal uncle other than thy [proper] maternal uncle. (JK, * S.) A3: الاِسْتِخْوَالُ is also like الاِسْتِخْبَالُ [as meaning The asking one to lend cattle, or camels &c.: and ↓ الإِخْوَالُ is like الإِخْبَالُ as meaning The lending cattle, or camels &c.]: and AO used to recite thus the saying of Zuheyr: ↓ هُنَالَكَ إِنْ يُسْتَخْوَلُوا المَالَ يُخْوِلُوا [There, if they be asked to lend cattle, they lend]. (S, TA. [See also 10 in art. خبل.]) خَالٌ A maternal uncle; one's mother's brother: (JK, S, K:) pl. أَخْوَالٌ (S, Msb, K) and أَخْوِلَةٌ, (K,) [both pls. of pauc.,] the latter anomalous, (TA,) and (of mult., TA) خُوَّلٌ and خُؤُولٌ (K) and خُؤُولَةٌ: (Msb, K:) the fem. is خَالَ, (JK, S, K,) a maternal aunt; one's mother's sister: (JK, S:) and the pl. of this is خَالَاتٌ. (Msb.) One says, هُمَاابْنَا خَالَةٍ [meaning Each of them two is a son of a maternal aunt of the other]; but one cannot say, ابْنَا عَمَّةٍ: (K:) and in like manner one says, ابْنَا عَمًّ; but one cannot say, ابْنَا خَالٍ. (TA.) A2: An owner of a horse: you say, أَنَا خَالُ هٰذَا الفَرَسِ I am the owner of this horse. (K.) [See also خَالٌ in art. خيل.] b2: هُوَ خَالُ مَالٍ and مَالٍ ↓ خَائِلُ He is a manager, or tender, of cattle, or camels &c.; (K;) or a good manager or tender thereof; (S, K; *) and so مَالٍ ↓ خَوْلِىُّ: (S:) ↓ خَائِلٌ signifies also a keeper, or guardian, of a thing; (T, S;) or a pastor; (Fr, TA;) a people's pastor, who milks and waters and pastures for them; and one who pays frequent attention to a thing, puts it into a good or right state, or restores it to such a state, and undertakes the management of it: (T, TA:) خُوَّلٌ [is a pl. of خَائِلٌ, like as نُوَّمٌ is of نَائِمٌ, &c., and] signifies pastors who take care of cattle, or camels &c.: (TA:) and ↓ خَوْلِىٌّ, (K,) or, accord. to the M, ↓ خَوَلِىٌّ, (TA,) signifies a pastor who is a good manager of cattle, or camels, and sheep or goats; (M, K, * TA;) or a good manager and orderer of the affairs of men; (TA;) and its pl. [or quasi-pl. n. or n. un.] is ↓ خَوَلٌ; (M, K;) accord. to the M, like as عَرَبٌ is of عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA.) [See also خَالٌ in art. خيل.]

A3: An indication, or a symptom, sign, mark, or token, of good (S, * K, TA) in a person. (S, TA.) See 4.

A4: A mole; i. e. [a thing resembling] a pimple in the face, inclining to blackness: dim. ↓ خُوَيْلٌ and خُيَيْلٌ: and pl. خِيلَانٌ. (JK. [See also art. خيل.]) A5: The [kind of banner called] لِوَآء, of an army or a military force. (S, K. [See also art. خيل.]) b2: A kind of soft garment, or cloth, of the fabric of El-Yemen: (JK:) a kind of بُرْد, (S, K,) well known, (K,) having a red [or brown] ground, with black lines or stripes. (TA. [Mentioned also in art. خيل.]) A6: A black stallion-camel. (IAar, K. [See also art. خيل.]) خَوَلٌ A man's slaves, or servants, and other dependents: (S, Msb, TA:) or slaves, and cattle, or camels &c.: (JK:) or the cattle, camels &c., [in the CK, النِّعَم is erroneously put for النَّعَم,] and male and female slaves, and other dependents, given to one by God: (K:) said to be (S) from 2 [q. v.]: (JK, S, TA:) it is said to be a quasi-pl. n.; (TA;) and the sing. is ↓ خَائِلٌ; (S, K, TA;) though used as sing. and pl., and masc. and fem.: (K:) sometimes used as a sing. applied to a male slave and a female slave: but Fr says that it is pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] of ↓ خَائِلٌ meaning a pastor. (S.) You say هٰؤُلَآءِ خَوَلُ فُلَانٍ, meaning These are persons who have been subjected, and taken as slaves, by such a one. (TA.) b2: See also خَالٌ. b3: Also A gift, or gifts: [and this seems to be the primary signification; whence

“ a slave ” &c., and “ slaves ” &c., as being given by God:] so in the phrase, هُوَ كَثرُ الخَوَلِ [He is a person of many gifts]. (TA.) A2: Accord. to Lth, (TA,) it signifies also The lower part (أَصْل) of the فَأْس [q. v.] of a bit: (JK, K, TA:) but Az says, “I know not the خول of the bit nor what it is. (TA.) [See خَالٌ, last sentence but one, in art. خيل.]

خَوْلَةٌ A female gazelle. (IAar, K.) خَوْلِىٌّ: see خَالٌ, in two places. b2: Also A measurer of land with the measuring-cane. (TA.) خَوَلِىٌّ: see خَالٌ.

خُوَيْلٌ: see خَالٌ, of which it is the dim.

خُؤُولَةٌ The relationship of a maternal uncle [and of a maternal aunt]: (JK, S, K, TA:) an inf. n. (JK, TA) having no verb. (TA.) Yousay, بَيْنِى وَ بَيْنَهُ خُؤُولَةٌ [Between me and him is a relationship of maternal uncle]. (S, K.) A2: Also a pl. of خَالٌ in the first of the senses assigned to the latter above. (Msb, K.) خَوَّالٌ A giver of many gifts. (TA.) خَائِلٌ: see خَالٌ, in two places: b2: and خَوَلٌ, also in two places.

تَطَايَرَ الشَّرَرُ أَخْوَلَ أَخْوَلَ The sparks flew about scattered; meaning the sparks that fly about from hot iron when it is beaten; as in a verse of Dábi [El-Burjumee] cited in art. سقط: see 3 in that art. (S.) And ذَهَبُو أَخْوَلَ أَخْوَلَ They went away scattered, (JK, S, K,) one after another, like as sparks are scattered from iron: or, as some say, الأَخْوَلُ itself means sparks: (JK:) [but here,] اخول اخول are two nouns made into one, and indecl., with fet-h for the termination: (S:) Sb says that they may be like شَغَرَ بَغَرَ, or like يَوْمَ يَوْمَ. (TA.) A2: هُوَ أَخْوَلُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ He is prouder than such a one. (Suh, TA.) [See also أَخْيَلُ, in art. خيل.]

مُخَالٌ: see مُخْوَلٌ.

مَخُولٌ: see أَخْيَلٌ, in art. خيل.

مُخْوَلٌ and ↓ مُخْوِلٌ A man having maternal uncles: (TA:) or the former signifies a man made to have many maternal uncles; and ↓ the latter, having many maternal uncles: (Msb:) and رَجُلٌ مُعَمٌّ مُخْوَلٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ مُخَالٌ, (JK, K,) and ↓ مُعِمٌّ مُخْوِلٌ, A man who has generous paternal and maternal uncles: (Msb, K:) but As disallows مُعِمٌّ and ↓ مُخْوِلٌ: (Msb:) and the latter word in each case is not used, (K,) or is scarcely ever used, (TA,) without the former. (K, TA.) مُخْوِلٌ: see what next precedes, in four places.

إِنَّهُ لَمَخِيلٌ لِلْخَيْرِ, (K in this art.,) or مُخِيلٌ, (S in art. خيل,) Verily he is adapted or disposed by nature to good [i. e. to be, or to do, or to effect, or to produce, what is good]. (S, K.) [See also مُخِيلٌ in art. خيل.]

ذ

أل1 ذَأَلَ, (T, K,) or ذَأَلَتْ, (S,) aor. ـَ inf. n. ذَأَلَانٌ (T, S, K) and ذَأْلٌ or ذَأَلٌ, (accord. to different copies of the S and K, the latter accord. to the TA,) He, (T, K,) or she, i. e. a camel, (S,) walked, or went, lightly: (Az, T, S:) or quickly: (K:) or lightly, (K,) or quickly, (IF,) and proudly, with an inclining of the body from side to side. (IF, K.) [See also دَأَلَ: and see ذَأَلَانٌ, below.]6 تذآءل He became vile, base, ignominious, abject, or contemptible; syn. تصاغر. (K.) ذَأْلَانٌ, (K,) or ↓ ذَأَلَانٌ, (ISk, S, M,) and ↓ ذُأْلَانٌ, (Ibn- 'Abbád, K,) The jackal (اِبْنُ آوَى): or the wolf: (K:) or the second word has the latter signification: (ISk, S, M:) and the last word, the former signification: (M:) the pl. of the second word, having the latter signification, is ذَآلِيلُ, with ل. (ISk, S.) [See also دَأْلَانٌ and دَأَلَانٌ: and see ذُؤَالَةٌ, below.]

ذُوْلَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

ذَأَلَانٌ The walk, or manner of going, of the wolf: pl. ذَآلِيلُ, with ل: (M, K:) [but ISd says,] I know not how this is. (M. [See also دَآلِيلُ.]) Also [as an inf. n. of 1, q. v.,] A quick walk or manner of going: (M:) or, as some say, a moderate running: or an extraordinary manner, or rate, of going, by reason of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness. (T.) A2: See also ذَأْلَانٌ.

ذَؤُولٌ Anything [or any animal] Quick, or swift. (T.) [See also دَؤُولٌ.]

ذُؤَالَةُ The wolf: (T, S, M, K:) so called because of his light walk or manner of going; (A 'Obeyd, T, S;) or because of a lightness in his running: (M:) it is determinate, (S, M, K, TA,) and imperfectly decl., being a proper name and [grammatically] of the fem. gender: (TA:) pl. ذِئْلَانٌ and ذُؤْلَانٌ. (M, K.) One says, خَشِّ ذُؤَالَةَ بَالحِبَالَةِ [Frighten thou the wolf with the snare]: (S, Meyd, TA:) a prov., applied to him whose threatening is not regarded: meaning threaten thou other than me; for I know thee: (Meyd, TA:) or, accord. to A'Obeyd, said by him who orders one to menace and threaten. (Meyd.) [See also ذَأْلَانٌ.]

مِذْأَلٌ Light and quick. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.)

فرس

1 فَرَسَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. فَرْسٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K, &c.,) He (a lion) broke, or crushed so as to break, its neck; (S, A, * Mgh, * O, K;) i. e., the neck of his فَرِيسَة; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ افترسهُ: (S:) this is the primary signification: (S, Mgh, TA:) or he (a beast of prey) seized it, (a thing,) and broke, or crushed so as to break, its neck; as also ↓ افترسهُ: (M:) or he (a lion) broke it; i. e., his فَرِيسَة: (Msb:) and he bruised, or crushed, and broke, it; namely, a thing. (M.) Accord. to ISk, (S,) you say, فَرَس الذِئْبُ الشَّاةَ, (S, TA,) meaning The wolf seized the sheep, or goat, and broke, or crushed so as to break, its neck: (TA:) accord. to En-Nadr (i. e. ISh), you say, أَكَلَ الذِّئْبُ الشَّاةَ [The wolf ate, or devoured, the sheep, or goat], but not ↓ افترسها. (S, O, TA.) b2: Hence, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) He killed it, in any manner; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ افترسهُ: (TA:) or ↓ the latter, he (a lion, O, or a wolf, TA) captured it; or made it his prey. (O, K, TA. See also 2 [where a similar but tropical usage of the former verb is mentioned.]) You say, فَرَسَهُ الأَسَدُ The lion killed him or it. (Mgh.) b3: فَرَسَ الذَّبِيحَةَ, (M, Msb,) aor. ـِ (M,) inf. n. as above, (S, M, Mgh,) He (the slaughterer) broke the bone of the neck of the slaughtered animal before it became cold: (S, Mgh, O:) or broke its neck before its death: (Msb:) or cut, or severed, its نُخَاع [or spinal cord]: or divided its neck: (M, TA:) or slaughtered it so as to reach to the نخاع: (AO, TA:) the action thus [variously] expl. is forbidden. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA.) b4: قَبِيحَةً ↓ فَرَسَهُ فِرْسَةً He struck him [in an abominable manner, app. in the back,] so that the part between his hips became depressed and his navel protruded. (M.) A2: فَرُسَ, aor. ـُ (S, A, O, K,) inf. n. فُرُوسَةٌ (S, A, O, K *) and فَرَاسَةٌ (S, K, * in the O فِرَاسَةٌ) and فُرُوسِيَّةٌ, (S, * A, O, * K, *) all of which ns. are mentioned as syn. by As, (TA,) [as they are also in the S and K,] and the first and last, in like manner, by IAar, (TA,) [but the first is expressly said to be an inf. n. of فَرُسَ in the S and A only, and the second in the S only, and the third (which seems to be rather a simple subst.) in the A only,] He was, or became, skilled in horsemanship, or in the management of horses, (S, A, O, K, TA,) and in riding them, (O, * K, TA,) and in urging them to run, and in remaining firm upon them: (TA:) or فَرَاسَةٌ and فُرُوسَةٌ are inf. ns. having no verb: Lh only [says ISd] mentions فَرَسَ and فَرُسَ as signifying he became a horseman; and this is extr.: (M, TA:) but [beside what has been cited above, from the S and A and K,] IKtt also says that فَرَسَ الخَيْلَ, inf. n. فُرُوسَةٌ and فُرُوسِيَّةٌ, signifies he rode horses well; and in like manner فَرُسَ [but not followed by الخيل]. (TA.) b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, skilled in anything that he endeavoured to do. (TA.) A3: فَرَسَ بِالنَّظَرِ, [and بِنَظَرِهِ, and بِعَيْنِهِ, and فَرَسَ فِى النَّاسِ, (see فَارِسٌ,)] aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. فِرَاسَةٌ and فَرَاسَةٌ, (As, IAar, Msb, TA,) accord. to the citation of the words of As and IAar in the L, but this is at variance with the opinion generally held, [which is, that فَرَاسَةٌ is an inf. n. only of فَرُسَ, signifying as expl. above, and that فِرَاسَةٌ is a subst. from تَفَرُّسٌ, having no proper verb of which it is an inf. n.,] (TA,) is said of a man [in the same sense as تَفَرَّسَ, (q. v.,) as will be seen from the explanations of فِرَاسَةٌ and فَارِسٌ, below]. (Msb.) See 5, latter part, in two places.

A4: فَرِسَ He kept continually, or constantly, to the eating of the dates called فَرَاس. (O, K.) b2: And He pastured upon, or depastured, the plants called فِرْس. (O, K.) 2 فرّس الغَنَمَ, (inf. n. تَفْرِيسٌ, TA,) He (a wild beast) seized often the sheep or goats, or seized many of them, and broke, or crushed so as to break, their necks. (M, TA.) A2: فرّسه الشَّىْءَ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) He exposed to him (namely a wild beast) the thing, [meaning the animal,] that he might seize it, and break, or crush so as to break, its neck: and إَيَّاهُ ↓ أَفْرَسَهُ the threw, or cast, it to him, that he might do so to it: (M:) and الرَّجُلُ الأَسَدَ حِمَارَهُ ↓ أَفْرَسَ the man left his ass to the lion, that he might break his neck, or kill him, or make him his prey, while he himself should escape. (S, K.) El-'Ajjáj uses the former verb in relation to the kind of flies called نُعَر, saying, ضَرْبًا إِذَا صَابَ اليَآفِيخَ احْتَفَرْ فِى الهَامِ دُحْلَانًا يُفَرِّسْنَ النُّعَرْ [A beating which, when it falls upon the tops of heads, digs, in the pates, hollows that afford prey to the blue stinging flies]; meaning, that these wounds are wide, and enable the نعر to obtain thence what they desire. (M.) And one of the poets uses it in relation to human beings, in the following verses, [which exhibit an instance of the license termed إِقْوَآء,] cited by IAar: قَدْ أَرْسَلُونِى قِى الكَوَاعِبِ رَاعِيًا ↓ فَقَدْ وَأَبِى رَاعِى الكَوَاعِبِ أُفْرَسُ أَتَتْهُ ذِئَابٌ لَا يُبَالِينَ رَاعِيًا وَكُنُّ سَوَامًا تَشْتَهِى أَنْ تُفَرَّسَا [They had sent me among the girls with swelling breasts, as a guardian; and, by my father, while guardian of the girls with swelling breasts, or by the father of the guardian of the girls with swelling breasts, I was (lit. I am) made a prey: there came thither wolves not caring for a guardian, and those females were (as) pasturing camels eagerly desiring to be given as prey]: he likens these women to pasturing camels, although differing from them inasmuch as the latter do not eagerly desire to be given as prey, since this would be a cause of their death, whereas women do eagerly desire it, since فَرْسُ الرِّجَالِ لِلنِّسَآءِ [lit. men's making women their prey] is in this case (assumed tropical:) men's holding commerce of love with women: أُفْرَسُ is for فُرِسْتُ; for, as Sb says, they sometimes put أَفْعَلُ in the place of فَعَلْتُ: أَبِى is in the gen. case as governed by وَ denoting swearing; and راعى الكواعب may be a denotative of state relating to the ت [the pronoun of the first person] understood [in أُفْرَسُ for فُرِسْتُ]; or وأبى may be prefixed to راعى الكواعب, governing it in the gen. case, and by the latter expression he may mean himself: by wolves not caring for a guardian, he means wicked men not caring for him who guarded these women: and he uses the word تشتهى to denote intense desire; for if he did not mean intenseness, he would have said تُرِيدُ. (M.) 3 فارسهُ, inf. n. مُفَارَسَةٌ and فِرَاسٌ, (M, TA,) [app., He vied, or contended, with him in horsemanship: this signification seems to be indicated by what immediately precedes in the M, which is, فَرَسَ and فَرُسَ “ he became a horseman: ” but perhaps it may signify he vied, or contended, with him in فِرَاسَة, meaning insight, &c.: or it may have both these significations.]4 افرس He (a pastor) had the neck of one of his sheep, or goats, broken, or had one of them killed, (S, O,) or taken, (K,) by the wolf, (S, O, K,) he being inadvertent. (K.) b2: See also 2, in two places. b3: افرس عَنْ بَقِيَّةِ مَالٍ He left a remainder of property [as a prey], having taken all beside thereof. (AA, O, K.) 5 تفرّس He pretended to others that he was a horseman, or one skilled in horsemanship. (As, O, K.) A2: He acted deliberately, (S, O, K, TA,) and considered, or examined, a thing, or did so repeatedly, in order to know it, or to obtain a clear knowledge of it. (S, * K, * TA.) b2: تفرّس فِيهِ الشَّىْءِ [He perceived in him the thing intuitively; or by a kind of thaumaturgic faculty, and by right opinion and conjecture: or by means of indications, or evidences, and experiments, and the make and dispositions: (see فِرَاسَةٌ, below:) or] he perceived in him the thing by forming a correct opinion from its outward signs; syn. تَوَسَّمَهُ. (M.) You say, تَفَرَّسْتُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا, (S, O,) or الخَيْرَ, (Msb,) [I perceived in him good, or goodness, intuitively; &c.: or] I discovered (تَعَرَّفْتُ) in him good, or goodness, by right opinion. (Msb.) [↓ فَرَسَ بِالنَّظَرِ, and بِنَظَرِهِ, and بِعَيْنِهِ, inf. n. فِرَاسَةٌ and فَرَاسَةٌ, (respecting which, however, see 1, last quarter,) signifies the same as تفرّس; i. e., He perceived, or discerned, the internal, inward, or intrinsic, state, condition, character, or circumstances, by examination of outward indications, &c., and by his eye. And so فِى النَّاسِ ↓ فَرَسَ He saw into the internal, inward, or intrinsic, states, &c., of men. See فِرَاسَةٌ, below.]8 إِفْتَرَسَ see فَرَسَهُ, in five places. Q. Q. 1 فَرْنَسَةٌ [an inf. n. of which the verb is فَرْنَسَتْ, as is shown by the mention of the part. n. مُفَرْنِسَةٌ,] A woman's good managing of the affairs of her house, or tent: (Lth, K, TA:) the ن is augmentative. (TA.) الفُرْسُ: see فَارِسٌ.

فِرْسٌ A species of plant: (Yaakoob, S, M, O, K:) the قَصْقَاص, (O, and so in copies of the K,) or قَضْقَاض, (so in the CK,) [each said to be a name of the أُشْنَان (or kali) of Syria, or of a species of حَمْض, q. v.,] accord. to Abu-l-Meká- rim: (O:) or the حَبْن [q. v.]: or the بَرْوَق [q. v.]: (O, K:) or the [small kind of thorny trees called]

شِرْس. (TA.) فَرَسٌ [A horse; and a mare;] one of what are called خَيْلٌ; (M;) the name فرس is given to it because it crushes and breaks the ground with its hoofs; (A, O; *) and is applied to the male and the female; (S, M, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) but mostly applied to the latter; (M;) the female not being called ↓ فَرَسَةٌ; (S, O;) or the female is [sometimes] thus called: (Yoo, IJ, M, Msb, K:) it is applied also to the Arabian, (Mgh, Msb,) and to the Turkish, (Msb,) or that which is not Arabian: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Mohammad [the Hanafee Imám], to the Arabian only; but for this [says Mtr] I find no authority of a lexicologist, except that ISk, speaking of a solid-hoofed animal, says, “whether it be a بِرْزَوْن or a فَرَس or a بَغْل or a حِمَار: ” (Mgh:) the pl. is أَفْرَاسٌ, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) [a pl. of pauc. but used as a pl. of mult. also,] and أَفْرُسٌ, [a pl. of pauc. only,] (O,) and فُرُوسٌ: (K:) and as فَرَسٌ is originally fem., you say ثَلَاثُ أَفْرَاسٍ when you mean males [as well as when you mean females]: (M:) or you say ثَلَاثَةُ أَفْرَاسٍ, with ة, when you mean males; and ثَلَاثُ أَفْرَاسٍ, without ة, when you mean females: (Msb:) the dim. is فُرَيْسٌ, (S, O, Msb,) when applied to the male; (Msb;) and ↓ فُرَيْسَةٌ, when applied to the female; (S, O, Msb;) agreeably with rule; (Msb;) accord. to Aboo-Bekr Ibn-Es-Sarráj: (S, O:) or ↓ فُرَيْسٌ when applied to the female [also], which is extr. (Sb, M. [See حَرْبٌ.]) b2: هُمَا كَفَرَسَىْ رِهَانٍ [They two are like two horses running for a wager] is a saying applied to two persons running a race to a goal, and being equal: (A, O, K:) the comparison relating to the beginning [of a contest], for the termination necessarily shows which outstrips; (O, K:) and to two who are equal, and two who are nearly equal, in excellence &c. (Har p. 640.) It was said by a man who swore that he would abstain from his wife for four months, and then divorced her: for the period during which a woman may be taken back after a [first or second] divorce is that of three menstruations or three periods of purity from menstruation; and if it ended in this case before the end of the four months during which he swore to abstain from her, she became separated from him by that divorcement: so he likened the two periods to two horses running for a wager. (O, * TA.) b3: فَرَسُ البَحْرِ (assumed tropical:) [The horse of the great river; i. e., of the Nile;] the hippopotamus. (Dmr. [See also عَصْبٌ.]) b4: الفَرَسُ (assumed tropical:) A well-known constellation; so called because of its resemblance in form to a horse; (M;) [i. e.] الفَرَسُ الأَعْظَمُ (assumed tropical:) [The Greater, or Greatest, Horse;] the constellation Pegasus. (Kzw.) b5: قِطْعَةُ الفَرَسِ (assumed tropical:) [The Piece of the Horse;] the constellation Equuleus. (Kzw.) b6: الفَرَسُ التَّامُّ (assumed tropical:) [The Complete horse;] a certain constellation composed of thirty-one stars, in which a portion of the constellation called الفَرَسُ الأَعْظَمُ is included. (Kzw. [It is further described by him; but in a manner that does not enable me to identify it with any of the constellations named by our astronomers.]) الفَرْسَةُ, (IAar, S, M, O, K, TA,) or ↓ الفِرْسَةُ, (M, TA,) the former accord. to A'Obeyd, (M, TA,) or, accord. to A'Obeyd, it is with ص, and the vulgar, he says, pronounce it with س, (O,) Gibbosity [of the back]; syn. الحَدَبُ: (IAar, O, TA:) or, (M, O, K, TA,) as also الفَرْصَةُ, (M, O,) which latter is the more approved in this sense, (M,) the رِيح [or flatus] of gibbosity; (M, O, K, TA;) [i. e.] the ريح that renders gibbous; (M;) as though it were breaking, or crushing so as to break, the back (كَأَنَّهَا تَفْرِسُ الظَّهْرَ أَىْ تَدُقُّهُ), and cleaving it (تَفْرِصُهُ أَىْ تَشُقُّهُ): (O:) [or الفَرْسَةُ signifies the displacement of one of the vertebræ; for,] accord. to As, one says أَصَابَتْهُ فَرْسَةٌ when one of the vertebræ of one's back has become displaced; but the flatus (الرِّيحُ) from which gibbosity results is termed الفَرْصَةُ, with ص: (TA:) or الفَرْسَةُ signifies a flatus that attacks in the neck, and breaks it: (S:) or, as some say, an imposthume, or ulcer, (قَرْحَة,) that is in the neck, breaking it: (M:) or a breach (فُرْجَة) in the neck; thus says Az: or a breach (فرجة) that is in [the case of] gibbosity: the pl. is فَرَسَاتٌ, not أَفْرِسَةٌ, which latter is said to be a pl. of فَرْسَةٌ, but is anomalous. (TA.) فُرْسَةٌ and فُرْصَةٌ; the latter of which is the more approved in both of the following senses; i. q. نَوْبَةٌ [meaning A turn; or time at which, or during which, a thing is, or is to be, done, or had, in succession; as also فُرْزَةٌ: pl. فُرَسٌ]: فُرَسُ الوِرْدِ [the turns, or times, for coming to water in succession] means [the occasions of] persons' being left free to come to water. (M. [See فُرْصَةٌ.]) b2: And i. q. نُهْزَةٌ [meaning An opportunity; a time at which, or during which, a thing may be done, or had]. (IAar, M, O.) So in the phrase أَصَابَ فُرْسَتَهُ [He got, or obtained, his opportunity]. (M.) فِرْسَةٌ [an inf. n. of modality]: see 1, near the middle of the paragraph.

A2: الفِرْسَةُ: see الفَرْسَةُ.

فَرَسَةٌ: see فَرَسٌ, near the beginning.

الفِرْسِنُ, of the camel, is What corresponds to the حَافِر [or hoof] of the horse (S, O, Msb, K) and the like: (S, O, Msb:) or what corresponds to the قَدَم [or foot] of the man: (El-Bári', Msb:) and (assumed tropical:) of the bovine animal in like manner: (IAmb, Msb:) and sometimes (tropical:) of the sheep or goat, (S, O, TA,) for الظِّلْفُ: (TA:) or it is only of the camel: (El-Bári', Msb:) or the extremity of the خُفّ [or foot] of the camel: (M:) of the fem. gender: (IAmb, M, O, Msb, K:) pl. فَرَاسِنُ, (M, Msb,) not فِرْسِنَاتٌ: (M:) it is of the measure فِعْلِنٌ; (S, O;) the ن being augmentative; (Aboo-Bekr Ibn-Es-Sarráj, S, O, Msb, K;) because it is from فَرَسْتُ. (Aboo-Bekr Ibn-EsSarráj, S.) See also art. فرسن.

فَرَاسٌ A sort of black dates; (IAar, O, K;) not the same as the سِهْرِيز (O) or شِهْرِيز. (K.) أَبُو فِرَاسٍ: see الفَارِسُ.

الفَرُوسُ: see الفَارِسُ.

فَرِيسٌ [originally Having the neck broken, or crushed so as to be broken. b2: And hence,] Killed [in any manner: see 1]: pl. فَرْسَى. (K.) It is applied in this sense to a bull, and in like manner [without ة] to a cow. (TA.) b3: And [hence]

↓ فَرِيسَةٌ signifies The prey of a lion [or other beast]: (TA:) an animal that is seized, (M,) and that has its neck broken, (S, M, Msb, *) by a lion [or other beast]; (S, Msb;) as also فَرِيسٌ: (M:) [pl. of the former فَرَائِسُ.] b4: See also مَفْرُوسٌ.

A2: Also A ring, or hoop, of wood, (S, M, O, K,) bent [into that form], and tied, (M, O,) at the end of a rope; (M, O, K;) called in Pers\. جَنْبَر [correctly چَنْبَر]. (S, O, K.) A3: See also فَرِيصُ العُنُقِ, in art. فرص.

فُرَيْسٌ, and with ة; dim. ns.: see فَرَسٌ, near the middle; the former in two places.

فَرَاسَةٌ: see what next follows.

فِرَاسَةٌ a subst. (S, M, O, K) from التَّفَرُّسُ, (O, K, TA,) signifying التَّوَسُّمُ, (TA,) or from تَفَرَّسْتُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا [q. v.], (S,) or from تَفَرَّسَ فِيهِ الشَّىْءَ [q. v.]: (M:) or, as also ↓ فَرَاسَةٌ, [said to be] an inf. n. of فَرَسَ بِالنَّظَرِ: [but see this verb:] (Msb:) فِرَاسَةٌ بِالعَيْنِ [or بِالنَّظَرِ (see 1, last quarter,)] signifies Insight; or intuitive perception; or the perception,. or discernment, of the internal, inward, or intrinsic, state, condition, character, or circumstances, by the eye [or by the examination of outward indications &c.]: (IKtt:) or فِرَاسَةٌ signifies a faculty which God puts into the minds of his favourites, in consequence whereof they know the states, conditions, or circumstances, of certain men, by a kind of what are termed كَرَامَات [or thaumaturgic operations], and by the right direction of opinion and conjecture: and also a kind of art [such as physiognomy, which is especially thus termed in the present day,] learned by indications, or evidences, and by experiments, and by the make and dispositions, whereby one knows the state, conditions, or circumstances, of men: (IAth:) or the discovery of an internal quality in a man by right opinion. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., اِتَّقُوا فِرَاسَةَ المُؤْمِنِ [Beware ye of the insight, &c. of the believer]: (S, M, IKtt, IAth, Msb:) and the reason is added, فَإِنَّهُ يَنْظُرُ بِنُورِ اللّٰه [for he looks with the light of God]. (TA. [See also قُرَابَةٌ.]) فَرِيسَةٌ: see فَرِيسٌ. [It is a subst. formed from the latter by the affix ة.]

فَرَّاسٌ, and الفَرَّاسُ, and أَبُو فَرَّاسٍ: see الفَارِسُ, in four places.

الفِرْنَاسُ: see الفَارِسُ, in two places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The strong and courageous, (En-Nadr, O, K,) of men, as being likened to the lion. (En-Nadr, O, TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) The headman, or chief, of the دَهَاقِين [pl. of دِهْقَانٌ, q. v.], (IKh, O, K,) and of the villages, or towns: (IKh, O:) pl. فَرَانِسَةٌ. (IKh, O, K.) الفِرْنَوْسُ: see الفَارِسُ.

الفُرَانِسُ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

فَارِسٌ act. part. n. of فَرَسَ [q. v.]. b2: الفَارِسُ The lion; [so called because he breaks the neck of his prey;] as also ↓ الفَرُوسُ, [which has an intensive signification,] and ↓ الفَرَّاسُ, (O, K,) which last [also] has an intensive signification, (TA,) and ↓ أَبُو فِرَاسٍ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ أَبُو فَرَّاسٍ, (O,) and ↓ المُفْتَرِسُ, (TA,) and ↓ الفِرْنَاسُ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ الفِرْنَوْسُ, a word of a measure not mentioned by Sb, (IJ, M,) and ↓ الفُرَانِسُ; (K;) or ↓ الفِرْنَاسُ, which is said by IKh to be applied to the lion because he is the chief of the beasts of prey, signifies, (O,) or signifies also, (S,) used as an epithet applied to the lion, (S, * M, * O,) and so ↓ الفُرَانِسُ, (S, * M, O,) the thick-necked, (S, O,) that is wont to break the neck of his prey; or the former of these two, the rapacious lion; (O;) and the ن in these words is augmentative: (Sb, S, M, O:) and you also say ↓ سَبْعٌ فَرَّاسٌ, (M,) or ↓ أَسَدٌ فَرَّاسٌ, (TA,) meaning a rapacious beast, (M,) or lion, (TA,) that often seizes others and breaks their necks. (M, TA.) A2: Also The master, or owner, of a horse; (S, M, K;) a possessive epithet; (M;) like لَابِنٌ (S, O, K) and تَامِرٌ: (S, O:) and a horseman; a rider upon a horse; (ISk, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) and upon a mule; (ISk, A, Mgh, Msb;) and upon an ass: (ISk, Mgh, Msb:) or a rider upon a mule is called فَارِسٌ عَلَى

بَغْلٍ; (ISk, S, O, Msb, K;) or فَارِسُ بَغْلٍ; (A, O;) and a rider upon an ass, فَارِسٌ عَلَى حِمَارٍ; (ISk, S, Mgh, O, Msb;) and a rider upon any solid-hoofed beast, فَارِسٌ عَلَى ذِى حَافِرٍ: (K:) or these phrases are not used: (K:) 'Omárah Ibn-'Akeel Ibn-Bilál Ibn-Jereer says, (S,) or Az, (Msb,) I do not call the owner of the mule, nor the owner of the ass, فَارِسٌ, but I call them بَغَّالٌ and حَمَّارٌ: (S, O, Msb:) [فَارِسٌ is often best rendered a cavalier:] the pl. is فُرْسَانٌ (S, M, Msb) and فَوَارِسُ, which latter is [more usual, but] anomalous, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) for فَوَاعِلُ is [regularly] the measure of the pl. of a sing. of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ, as ضَوَارِبُ, pl. of ضَارِبَةٌ, or of an epithet of the measure فَاعِلٌ applying to a female, as حَوَائِضُ, pl. of حَائِضٌ, or of a sing. of the measure فَاعِلٌ applying to a thing that is not a human being or not a rational being, as بَوَازِلُ, pl. of بَازِلٌ, and حَوَائِطٌ, pl. of حَائِطٌ; and there are no instances like فَوَارِسُ except those of هَوَالِكُ and نَوَاكِسُ [and خَوَالِفُ and some other words enumerated in the Msb and TA]; (S, Msb;) and as فوارس is not applied to females, no ambiguity is feared from its usage: (S, O:) [ISd says,] we have not heard اِمْرَأَةٌ فَارِسَةٌ. (M.) b2: Also, (As,) or فَارِسٌ عَلَى الخَيْلِ, (S,) A man skilful in horsemanship, or in the management of horses. (As, * S.) b3: And hence, the former, (فارس,) (assumed tropical:) A man skilful in anything that he endeavours to do. (TA.) b4: الفَوَارِسُ is the name of (assumed tropical:) Four stars of the constellation Cygnus. (Kzw. See دَجَاجٌ.) A3: رَجُلٌ فَارِسُ النَّظَرِ, (S, O, TA,) and بِنَظَرِهِ, and بِعَيْنِهِ, (As,) A man who acts deliberately, and examines: (S, and so in Hr p. 356:) who possesses فِرَاسَة [i. e. insight, or intuitive perception, &c.]: (O:) or knowing by means of examination. (TA.) and فَارِسٌ فِى النَّاسِ [Seeing into the internal, inward, or intrinsic, states, &c., of men]. (IAar.) A4: فَارِسُ, (S, M, Mgh, K,) or فَارِسٌ, (so in some copies of the K,) [the former if fem., as it is a proper name, the latter if masc.,] A certain nation; (Mgh, Msb;) [namely, the Persians;] i. q. ↓ الفُرْسُ: (S, O, K:) generally fem.: (Msb:) فُرْسٌ is pl. of ↓ فَارِسِىٌّ, which is a rel. n. from فَارِسُ in the sense next following: (M:) [or, rather, فُرْسٌ is a coll. gen. n., and فَارِسِىٌّ is its n. un.] b2: Also, (S, O, but in the K “ or ”) The country of the فُرْس; (S, O, K;) [i. e., Persia;] a country of a certain nation. (M.) فَارِسِىٌّ [Persian: a Persian]: see فَارِسُ. Hence, التَّمْرُ الفَارِسِىُّ A certain sort of dates, (Mgh, Msb,) of good quality. (Msb.) أَفْرَسُ: see مَفْرُوسٌ.

A2: It is also a noun of excess, or a comparative and superlative epithet, from فِرَاسَةٌ, used by Zj, in the phrase أَفْرَسُ النَّاسِ, meaning, The best, (M,) or best and most true, (TA,) in فِرَاسَة, [i. e., insight, or intuitive perception, &c.,] of mankind. (M, TA.) One says also, أَنَا أَفْرَسُ مِنْكَ I am more endowed with mental perception, [or insight, or intuitive perception,] and more knowing, than thou. (TA.) مَفْرُوسٌ Having the back broken: (M, TA:) and so مَفْرُوزٌ. (TA.) b2: And Humpbacked; as also ↓ فَرِيْسٌ, (M, TA,) and ↓ أَفْرَسُ (Fr in TA voce أَعْجَرُ) [and أَفْرَصُ and أَفْرَزُ].

المُفْتَرِسُ: see الفَارِسُ.

مُفَرْنِسَةٌ A woman who manages well the affairs of her house, or tent. (Lth, TA.)