طر

1 طَرَّ, aor. ـُ (A, Msb, TA,) inf. n. طَرٌّ, (S, A, Msb, K,) He cut, or divided, lengthwise; slit; or rent; (S, A, Msb, K;) a garment or piece of cloth: (TA:) and he cut [in any manner] (S, A, K) the same, (A, TA,) or some other thing. (A.) b2: He cut off a man's arm or hand, by a blow, or stroke; (A;) as also ↓ اطرّ; (S, A, K; *) and so اترّ. (TA.) He cut, or clipped, his mustache. (TA.) And one says of a woman, تَطُرُّ شَعَرَهَا She cuts her hair short. (A.) [And app. She cuts her hair over the forehead so as to form what is termed a طُرَّة: see also 2.] b3: and طَرَّتِ الإِبِلُ الجِبَالَ والآكَامَ (tropical:) The camels traversed the mountains and the hills. (A.) And طَرَرْتُ القَوْمَ (assumed tropical:) I passed by the people, all of them. (Yoo, TA.) A2: Also, طَرَّ, (S, A,) aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. طَرٌّ (A, K) and طُرُورٌ, (K,) He sharpened (S, A, K, TA) a spear-head, (S,) or a knife (A, K) &c., (K,) or an iron implement. (TA.) b2: And طَرَّ He polished a sword. (O.) b3: And, (TA,) inf. n. طَرٌّ, (K,) He renovated a building. (K, TA. [In the CK, تَحْدِيد is put for تَجْدِيد as the explanation of the inf. n.]) b4: And He plastered with clay his wateringtrough, or tank: (S, TA:) and likewise his mosque, or oratory, and decorated it. (TA.) b5: And طَرَّهُ بِثَنَآءٍ حَسَنٍ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَرٌّ, He eulogized him. (TA voce خَمَّ.) A3: And, aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. طَرٌّ, (S, A, K,) He drove away; syn. شَلَّ; (S, A, K, TA;) and ↓ اطرّ, inf. n. إِطْرَارٌ, signifies [the same, i. e.] طَرَدَ. (As, TA.) In some copies of the K, [and in a copy of the A,] الشَّدُّ is erroneously put for الشَّلُّ as an explanation of الطَّرُّ. (TA.) b2: And you say طَرَرْتُ الإِبِلَ, (S,) inf. n. طَرٌّ, (K,) I drove, or brought, or gathered, the camels together, from their several quarters; (S, K; *) like طَرَدْتُهَا: (S:) or, accord. to Yaakoob, I walked on one side of the camels, and then on the other side, to put them in right order. (S.) b3: And طَرٌّ signifies also The act of seizing, or carrying-off, by force; or snatching at unawares. (Kr, K.) b4: And The act of slapping with the palm of the hand. (Kr, K.) A4: As an intrans. v., طَرَّ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Msb, K) and طَرِّ, (Msb, K,) the latter agreeable with analogy, (TA,) [but the former the more common,] inf. n. طُرُورٌ, (S, Msb,) or طَرٌّ, (K,) or both, (TA,) (tropical:) It (a plant) clave the earth: (A:) or grew forth, or sprouted: (S, Msb:) or came up, or forth. (K.) And it is likewise said of the mustache (S, A, Msb, K) of a boy, (S, A, Msb,) and of hair in general; meaning (tropical:) It burst through the skin: (A:) some say, طُرَّ شَارِبُهُ [meaning his mustache grew forth]; (O, TA;) but طَرَّ is more chaste. (Az, TA.) b2: طَرَّتِ النُّجُومُ, occurring in a trad., means (assumed tropical:) The stars rose; (O, TA;) from طَرَّ said of a plant: (TA:) or the phrase, as some relate it, is طُرَّتِ النجوم, which means (assumed tropical:) the stars shone; (O, TA;) from طَرَّ meaning “ he polished ” a sword. (O.) b3: And طَرَّتْ يَدُهُ, (S, K, * TA,) aor. ـِ and طَرُّ (K, TA) by common consent of the authorities on inflection, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) His arm, or hand, fell off; (S, K, * TA;) [being severed by a blow, or stroke;] like تَرَّتْ. (S, TA.) A5: See also 4.

A6: طَرَّ said of a man, [app. of the measure فَعُلَ, originally طَرُرَ,] inf. n. طَرَارَةٌ, He was, or became, beautiful, goodly, or comely. (ISh, TA.) b2: And طَرَّتْ نَاقَتِى, [app. of the measure فَعِلَتْ, originally طَرِرَتْ, aor. ـَ inf. n. طَرَرٌ, My she-camel was, or became, clear in colour. (O, TA.) 2 طَرَّرَتْ, [and طرّرت شَعَرَهَا,] inf. n. تَطْرِيرٌ, She (a girl) made to herself a طُرَّة [q. v.]. (TA.) [See also 1.]4 أَطْرَ3َ see 1, second sentence. b2: اطرّهُ signifies also He made it to fall off. (K, TA.) One says, اطرّ اللّٰهُ يَدَ فُلَانٍ God made, or may God make, the arm, or hand, of such one to fall off; as also اترّهُ. (TA.) A2: And اطرّ, (K,) inf. n. إِطْرَارٌ, (Az, S,) He excited, or incited; syn. أَغْرَى. (Az, S. K.) b2: See, again, 1.

A3: اطرّ is also syn. with

أَدَلَّ [as meaning He acted with boldness, or he emboldened himself: in the CK, erroneously, اَذَلَّ]. (S, K.) Hence, [accord. to ISk,] أَطِرِّى

فَإِنَّكِ نَاعِلَةٌ, (ISk, S, K,) or ↓ طِرِّى, (K,) both mentioned by Aboo-Sa'eed, (TA,) a prov., (S, TA,) meaning Act thou with boldness, or embolden thyself, (أَدِلِّى,) for thou art wearing sandals: (ISk, S, K:) applied alike to a male and to a female and to two and to a pl. number, for it was originally said to a woman, and is therefore used as thus said: (S:) or, (S, K,) accord. to AO, (S,) it means (assumed tropical:) venture thou upon the affair that is difficult, for thou hast strength for it; and was originally said by a man to a woman who was pasturing his cattle in the soft, or plain, land, and leaving the rugged; [lit.] meaning take thou to the طُرَر, i. e. sides, of the valley; and he says, I think that by the sandals he meant the roughness of the skin of her feet: (S, K: *) or it means collect thou together the camels: (K:) or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, take thou to the أَطْرَار, i. e. sides, of the camels; i. e. take care of them, from the most remote of them [inclusively], and keep them in safety. (TA.) Some say أَظِرِّى. (M and K in art. ظر.) A4: And one says, of a man, مَاأَطَرَّهُ, meaning How beautiful, or goodly, or comely, is he! (ISh, TA.) 10 استطرّ إِتْمَامَ الشَّكِيرِ It caused the [downy, or fine,] hair to grow to its full, or complete, state: occurring in some verses of El-Ajjáj. (O, TA.) R. Q. 1 طَرْطَرَ, [inf. n. طَرْطَرَةٌ,] (K,) said of a man, (TA,) He gloried, or boasted, vainly, and praised himself for that which was not in him; syn. طَرْمَذَ. (K.) IDrd says, طَرْطَرَةٌ is an Arabic word, [i. e. it is genuine Arabic,] though in common use with the post-classical writers: one says, رَجُلٌ فِيهِ طَرْطَرَةٌ, meaning A man in whom is vainglorying &c. (طَرْمَذَةٌ) and loquacity. (O, TA.) b2: And طَرْطَرَ بِضَأْنِهِ He called his ewes to be milked, (O, K, TA,) saying to them طَرْ طَرْ. (TA.) Q. Q. 3 اِطْرَوْرَى He (a man, TA) became filled by repletion of the stomach, or by anger; (O, K, TA;) as also اِظْرَوْرَى. (O.) [But the former verb is also mentioned in the K, in art. طرو, as of the measure اِفْعَوْعَلَ; and the latter, in art. ظرى.]

طَرْطَرْ a cry by which ewes are called to be milked. (TA.) [See R. Q. 1, last sentence.]

طُرْ طُرْ is said in enjoining one to abide in the neighbourhood of the House of God [at Mekkeh], (O, K,) and to do so constantly: (K:) so says IAar: (TA:) Az has mentioned it in this art.; but if it be a word repeated, from طَارَ, aor. ـُ its proper place is art. طور: the present art. would be its proper place only if it were طَرْطِرْ [imperative of طَرْطَرَ]: (O:) [F says,] in my opinion it should rightly be mentioned in art. طور; but Az and others have mentioned it among reduplicate words; therefore I have followed them, and notified [the case]. (K.) طَرٌّ [The fur, or soft hair, called] وَبَر, and hair of the ass, that comes forth after the falling off of former hair. (K.) طُرٌّ A collective body [of men]. (Yoo, TA.) One says, جَاؤُوا طُرًّا They came all; (S, TA;) and it is said that طُرًّا is here in the accus. case as a denotative of state, or as an inf. n.: Sb mentions the phrase مَرَرْتُ بِهِمْ طُرًّا I passed by them all; and he says that the last word is used only as a denotative of state: but Khaseeb En-Nasránee used it otherwise; replying to one who said to him, How art thou? أَحْمَدُ اللّٰهَ إِلَى طُرِّ خَلْقِهِ [I praise God to all his creatures]; and the phrase رَأَيْتُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ بِطُرٍّ I saw the sons of such a one, all of them, has also been transmitted: some say that طُرًّا in the first of the phrases above is put in the place of an act. part. n., and is [originally] an inf. n. (TA.) طِرٌّ: see طُرَّةٌ, latter half.

طَرَّةٌ A single act of cutting [&c.: an inf. n. of 1, q. v.]. (TA.) b2: And Impregnation by a single act of initus: (O, L, K:) [used in relation to camels:] or it signifies [simply] a single act of initus: thus in the phrase أَلْقَحَهَا بِطَرَّةٍ [He (the stallion) impregnated her by a single act of initus]. (TK.) A2: الطَّرَّةُ, (AHeyth, O, K,) thus with fet-h, (O,) and thus written by AHeyth, (TA,) signifies also The flank. (AHeyth, O, K.) طُرَّةٌ A thing that is cut. (TA.) b2: The hair that is cut over (lit. over against, حِذَآءَ,) the forehead: (Mgh, Msb, voce قُصَّة:) what a girl cuts short, of the full hair upon her forehead, and forms into a row or rows: (A:) [so accord. to present usage; the hair over the forehead of a girl or woman, cut with a straight or even edge, or with two such edges one above the other, so as to form a kind of border; as also قُصَّةٌ:] what is cut, in the fore part of the نَاصِيَة [or hair over the forehead] of a girl, like the عَلَم [or ornamental border], (K, TA,) or like the طُرَّة [which seems here to signify the same as عَلَم, or nearly so], (TA,) which is beneath a crown: and sometimes it is [an imitation of a band, across the forehead,] made of [the black substance called] رَامَك: as also ↓ طُرُورٌ; (K, TA;) or ↓ طَرُورٌ: (so in the O:) or the latter signifies a طُرَّة made of رَامَك: (O, TS:) pl. (of طُرَّةٌ, TA) طُرَرٌ, and (of طُرُورٌ [or طَرُورٌ], TA [and accord. to analogy of طُرَّةٌ also]) طِرَارٌ. (K.) b3: Also (K) [absolutely] The hair over the forehead; syn. نَاصِيَةٌ. (S, O, K.) b4: [Hence, app., The طُرَّة of a building; also called its صُفَّة: see this latter word.] b5: And (tropical:) The كُفَّة of a garment or piece of cloth; (S, A, O, Msb;) i. e., (S,) the border, or side, thereof, that has no هُدْب [or end of unwoven threads]: (S, O, K:) [and the fringed end thereof: (see صَنِفَةٌ and هُدْبٌ:)] or the ornamental, or figured, or variegated, border (عَلَم) thereof: and, in like manner, of a [water-bag of the kind called] مَزَادَة: (K, TA: [والمَزادةُ in the CK is a mistake for والمزادةِ:]) or the طُرَّة of a garment or piece of cloth is a thing resembling two ornamental, or figured, or variegated, borders (عَلَمَانِ) sewed upon the two sides of a بُرْد, upon its border: (Lth, TA:) pl. طُرَرٌ (Msb, K) and طِرَارٌ. (K.) And طُرَّاتٌ [is likewise a pl. of طُرَّةٌ, and] occurs in a trad. as meaning Veils (سُتُور), or head-veils, (O, TA,) or pieces [or strips], (Z, TA,) cut by women from a garment of the kind called سِيَرَآء. (Z, O, TA.) b6: And (tropical:) The side, or edge, of a river, and of a valley: (S, A, O, K:) the border of a land or country: (TA:) and the edge of anything; (S, O, K;) its extremity: (K:) pl. طُرَرٌ (S, O, K) and طِرَارٌ: (K:) and أَطْرَارٌ also signifies the sides of a valley; and in like manner, of a country, and of a road; (TA;) and the extremities of a country; (S, O, TA;) and its sing. is ↓ طِرٌّ; or, accord. to the T, طُرَّةٌ: (TA:) and طُرَرٌ signifies also (tropical:) the margins of a book or writing; (A, TA;) and the sing. is طُرَّةٌ. (TA in arts. حشى and همش.) b7: And (tropical:) The two lines, or streaks, (خُطَّتَانِ,) upon the two shoulders (كَتِفَانِ) of the ass: (K:) or الطُرَّتَانِ signifies the streaked place upon each side of that animal: (TA:) or two black streaks (خطّتان, as above,) upon the two shoulders (كتفان) of the ass: and applied by Aboo-Dhu-eyb to those of the wild bull: (S, O:) or two stripes, or streaks, on the back of the ass: (A:) and طُرَّةُ مَتْنِهِ the streak of his back. (S.) b8: (tropical:) A streak of cloud: (S, A, * O, K:) an oblong portion of cloud, commencing from the horizon: (TA:) its dim., طُرَيْرَةٌ, occurs in a trad. (O, TA.) b9: And (assumed tropical:) A goodly aspect of a man. (TA.) b10: And one says, رَأَيْتُ طُرَّةَ بَنِى

فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) I saw the mode, or manner, of alighting and abiding of the sons of such a one, from afar. (TA.) b11: And بَدَتْ طُرَرُ الأَمْرِ (tropical:) The indications, or signs, or tokens, of the affair, or event, appeared. (A, TA.) b12: And تَكَلَّمَ بِالشَّىةءِ مِنْ طِرَارِهِ (assumed tropical:) He spoke the thing eliciting it from his mind. (TA.) طُرُورٌ, or طَرُورٌ: see طُرَّةٌ.

طَرِيرٌ Sharpened; applied to a spear-head; (A, K, TA;) as also ↓ مَطْرُورٌ: (A, TA:) or, so applied, polished; (O;) or thus also, applied to an arrow; and so ↓ مَطْرُورٌ applied to a sword. (TA.) b2: And (tropical:) Goodly, or pleasing, in aspect; (S, A, O, K;) applied to a man: (A:) a beautiful, goodly, or comely, man: (ISh, TA:) a man beautiful, goodly, or comely, in face: and some say, whose prime of manhood is future: (TA:) or a youth, or young man, soft, or tender, fleshy, and fat: (Ham p. 513:) pl. طِرَارٌ. (ISh, TA.) See also طَارٌّ.

طُرَّى A she-ass driven away: (O, K, TA:) or a brisk, lively, or sprightly, ass. (TA.) طَرَّارٌ A cutpurse; one who cuts, or slits, purses, (A, Mgh, Msb, * TA,) and takes people's money at unawares: (Msb:) or who slits a man's sleeve, [in which he carries his money and the like,] and gently extracts what is in it: (TA:) from الطَّرُّ

“ the act of slitting ” (S, Msb) and “ cutting. ” (S.) طِرِّيَانٌ A table upon which one eats; syn. خِوَانٌ: (K:) or a dish, or plate, (طَبَقٌ,) upon which food is eaten. (O.) [But see طِرِيَّانٌ, in art. طرو.]

طَارٌّ (tropical:) A boy whose mustache is growing forth: (S, A, Msb:) or whose mustache has grown forth; (Lth, L, K;) as also ↓ طَرِيرٌ. (K.) b2: And خَزٌّ طَارٌّ (tropical:) A sort of [cloth of the kind called] خَزّ [app. having a nap]. (A, TA.) طُرْطُورٌ A sort of قَلَنْسُوَة [q. v.], (S, K,) worn by Arabs of the desert, (S,) tall, or long, and narrow (S, K) in the head, or top: (S:) [in the present day applied to a sort of high, conical, cap: and a cowl.] b2: And (assumed tropical:) A slender and tall man. (S, K.) b3: And, (K,) accord. to IAar, (O,) Low, ignoble, mean, or sordid, (وَغْدٌ,) and weak: (O, K:) pl. طَرَاطِيرُ. (O.) مُطِرٌّ A boy having a طُرَّة; as also ↓ مُطَرَّرٌ: and the latter with ة is applied to a girl. (So in a copy of the A.) b2: جَلَبٌ مُطِرٌّ (assumed tropical:) [A thing, or things, brought for the purpose of traffic,] come from the extremities (أَطْرَار) of the country. (TA.) b3: غَضَبٌ مُطِرٌّ Anger that is misplaced, and for a thing that does not require it: (S, K:) or in which is somewhat of boldness, or presumptuousness: or such as is vehement, or violent. (TA.) b4: جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مُطِرًّا Such a one came domineering, or exalting himself; behaving boldly, or presumptuously. (As, S.) مِطَرَّةٌ, (O,) or مُطِرَّةٌ, or مُطَرَّةٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) with damm, (K,) [and accord. to the TK with fet-h to the ط,] Custom, habit, or wont: (O, K:) so says Az: (O:) [the form given in the O seems to be preferable: but] F has also mentioned it as without teshdeed, [i. e.

مَطِْرَةٌ,] and thus it is mentioned [in the K] in art. مطر. (TA.) مُطَرَّرٌ: see مُطِرٌّ.

مَطْرُورٌ: see طَرِيرٌ, in two places.

سمو: سما: يتصرف مثل مرادفه علا (معجم مسلم) سما على فلان: فاقه وتغلب عليه (كرتاس ص18) سَمَّى (بالتشديد): اسمى، جعل له اسماً يقال: سماه وسمّى له، ففي كتاب عبد الواحد (ص172) رسالة سَمَّى لها رسالة حي بن يقظان.
سمَّى: قال بسم الله (انظر لين) وأضف إلى ما قال: إن امرأة قالت وقد عرضت ابنها: سمّوا أي قولوا بسم الله، لأنهم يعتقدون أن بسم الله تمنع الحسد والعين.
ويقال أيضاً في هذا المعنى سمّى بالله، وسمَّى بالرحيم وسمَّى على فلان (الجريدة الآسيوية 1869، 2: 190، 191).
تسمَّى: لم يشرح لين بوضوح قولهم تسمى بكذا التي وردت في تاج العروس واللغويون العرب يفسرون مثل قولهم تسمى بالخلافة (النويري الأندلس ص488، 489) تلقب بلقب الخليقة.
تسامى. تسامى بفلان مثل سمابه أي رفعه وأعلاه (ويجرز ص55) ولم يعرف الناشر هذا المعنى (ص196 رقم 358) فأخطأ في تغييره الكلمة التي وردت في المخطوطة وهي أيضاً في مخطوطة ا.
استسمى: يؤيد ما ذكره لين ما جاء في محيط المحيط وفيه استسمى فلاناً طلب معرفة اسمه (مولدة) وما جاء في معجم بوشر وفيه استسمى أحداً أي طلب منه معرفة اسمه سُمَي، واحدته سُميَّة: سُماني (الكالا) وهي تصحيف سُميّن.
سُمْيَّة: من مصطلح البحرية عّوامة، طوّافة، أداة لإنقاذ الغْرقى (أبو الوليد ص207) سُمْيَّة: سَمِيّة، الجهة الشمالية (محيط المحيط) سَمَاوة: في السعدية سماوا أي صحراء (النشيد 68، 78، 106، 107) سَمّاوِي: لازوردي، سمنجوني، ما كان بلون السماء (بوشر، همبرت ص80، المقري 1: 236) وفي ابن البيطار (2: 575) في كلامه عن نبات: الذي زهره سماوي.
سَمَاوي: ياقوت ازرق أو سمنجوني أو لازوردي مجلو الشرق والجزائر 13: 81).
فص سَماوي: حجر يمان، ياقوت، ياقوت زعفراني، صفير حجر كريم برتقالي محمر (المعجم اللاتيني - العربي) الصباغ السماوي: مادة ملونة تستخرج من العِظلم، الوسمة، وهو نبات عشبي زراعي للصباغ (تقويم ص84) وانظر مادة سمائي.
سَماوي: في الشام ريح الشمال (بوشر) وفي المغرب ريح الشمال - الشرقي (الكالا - دومب ص54، بوشر بربرية) ومع ذلك فان دوماس (حياة العرب ص435) يذكر هذه الكلمة بمعنى شمال.
وسماوي: ريح الشمال (هلو) والشمال الغربي (باربيبه، ولابورت ص34).
سمائي: لازوردي بلون السماء (ابن العوام 2: 266).
سماني: عظلم، وسمة، واسمه الــعلمي: isatis Tinctoria ( ابن البيطار 2: 465 ابن العوام 2: 103، 128، 307 وعليك ان تقرأ فيه سمائي) والصبغ السمائي: المادة الملونة التي تستخرج من العظلم (المقري 1: 91). سام. الامر السامي (محيط المحيط) والحضرة السامية: سمْو وهو لقب تشريف (بوشر).
سامِيَة: الحرير النباتي في السودان الذي يستخرج من شجرة كبيرة يسمى سامية مؤنث سام أي عال مرتفع (براكس ص18).
سَامية: القميص الثاني الذي يلبسه الطوارق وهم يرتدون ثلاثة قمصان، وهو قميص مخطط بخطوط عريضة لونها ازرق فاتح ومطرز بحرير من نفس اللون (مجلة الشرق والجزائر السلسلة الجديدة 10: 583، كاريت جغرافية ص109، جاكو ص207).
اِسْم. على اسمك: لك خاصة فيما يظهر. ففي الفخري (ص361): يقول: لأجل من السواد أن زوجتي قد خبزت لك هذا الخبز على اسمك.
اِسْم، طلع له اسم: اكتسب صيتاً وشهرة (بوشر).
اسم. الجمع أسماء تعني كلمات سحرية. ففي ألف ليلة (2: 116): وعليها أسماء وطلاسم كدبيب النمل (2: 23ب، 3: 216، 453، 573) والمعنى الحقيقي: أسماء الله (3: 560) محفورة على خاتم سليمان (ص545، 2: 551، 634) ويقول نيبور (في بلاد العرب ص115): اسم الله (والصواب أسماء الله) علم سحري والذين يتقنونه يعرفون بواسطة الجن الذين في خدمتهم ما يجري في البلاد النائية، ولهم قدرة على الزمان والرياح، ويشفون المرضى بطريقة عجيبة إلى غير ذلك.
أسماء الله الحَسَنة: أسماء الله الحسنى مثل القادر والقدير والرحمن والرحيم وغير ذلك (بوشر).
اسم مِبْني: ظرف الزمان أو المكان، واسم غير قابل للتصرف (بوشر).
اسم الصَّليب عند النصارى: يا رب يا ربي العظيم (بوشر) اسم ضمير الملك: ضمير التملك مثل كتابي وكتابك (بوشر).
اسم علم: اسم خاص (بوشر).
اسم عيرة: اسم يستعمل في الحرب ويتلقب به (بوشر).
اسم منعوت أو موصوف: اسم (بوشر).
اسم يَسوع عند النصارى: يا رب! يا ربي العظيم! (بوشر).
بسم الله: أجل، نعم، بطيب خاطر، على الرأس والعين، سمعاً وطاعة (بوشر).
موصول اسمي: حرف العطف، عاطف، حرف العطف (بوشر).
اِسْمية: صيت، شهرة (الكالا).
أسْماوى: سماوي، لازوردي (دومب ص107، هلو).
مُسْمى: شهير، ذو صيت (الكالا).
مسمى عليه: شيء قرئ عليه بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم لحمايته من الجان (لين عادات 1: 340) مُسَمىَّ: اسم ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 152) كان مسمَّى الحجابة عندهم قهرمة الدار والنظر في الدخل والخرج (قهرمة في مخطوطة 1350) وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص102 ق) في كلامه عن مدينة أقسَمَ أن يُذهب اسمها ومسمَّاها.

سمو

1 سَمَا, (S, M, Msb, K,) first Pers\. سَمَوْتُ, like عَلَوْتُ, (S,) aor. ـْ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. سُمُوٌّ; (S, M, K;) and سَمِىَ, first Pers\. سَمِيتُ, (Th, S, TA,) like عَلِيتُ; (S;) He, (a man, Th, S,) or it, (a thing, M,) was, or became, high, lofty, raised, upraised, uplifted, upreared, exalted, or elevated; it rose, or rose high: (S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ تسامى signifies the same. (MA. [See also 5.]) b2: سَمَالِىَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became raised from afar so that I plainly distinguished it: (K:) or, as in the S, سَمَا لِىَ الشَّخْصُ the form, or figure, seen from a distance, rose, or became raised, to me [i. e. to my view] so that I plainly distinguished it. (TA.) b3: سَمَا الهِلَالُ The moon near the change rose مُرْتَفِعًا [app. meaning upreared, not decumbent: see أَدْفَقُ]. (TA.) b4: [سَمَا لَهُ or نَحْوَهُ He rose, and betook himself, to, or towards, him, or it. Hence,] مَاسَمَوْتُ لَكُمْ I will not [or (unless the phrase be an apodosis) I did not] rise and hasten to fight you. (TA.) b5: سَمَا بَصَرَهُ His sight, or eye, rose, or became raised. (S, TA.) [And سَمَاطَرْفُهُ lit. signifies the same; but means (assumed tropical:) His look was lofty; or he was proud: see سَامٍ, below.] b6: سَمَا is also said of him who is termed حَسِيبٌ and شَرِيفٌ [i. e. it signifies He was, or became, noble; or high, or exalted, in rank]. (TA.) b7: سَمَتة هِمَّتُهُ إِلَى مَعَالِى الأُمْورِ [His ambition soared, or aspired, to high things, or the means of attaining eminence;] he sought glory, or might, and eminence. (Msb, TA.) b8: سَمَابِى شَوْقَ بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَ أَقْصَرَ [A yearning, or longing, of the soul arose in me after it had ceased]. (TA.) b9: هُمْ يَسْمُونَ عَلَى المِائَةِ They exceed [or are above] the number of a hundred. (TA.) b10: سَمَوْا, (S, K, TA,) and ↓ استموا, (S,) They went forth to pursue the animals of the chase (S, K, TA) in their deserts: (TA:) [or] one says of the hunter, or sportsman, يَسْمُو الوَحْشَ, and ↓ يَسْتَمِيهَا, meaning he sees, or looks to see, (يَتَعَيَّنُ,) the coming forth of the wild animals, and pursues them. (M. [See also 8 below.]) b11: سَمَا الفَحْلُ, inf. n. سَمَاوَةٌ, The stallion sprang, or rushed, upon, (S,) or he overbore, (S, * M, K,) his she-camels that had passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth. (S, M, K.) A2: سَمَابِهِ: see 4.

A3: See also 2.2 سمّاهُ فُلَانًا and بِفُلَانٍ, (S, M, Msb, K,) accord. to Sb originally with ب, but Lh says that the former is that which is usual, (M,) [inf. n. تَسْمِيَةٌ,] and in like manner ↓ اسماهُ, (S,) i. e. اسماهُ فُلَانًا and بِفُلَانٍ, (M, K,) and accord. to Th, فُلَانًا ↓ سَمَاهُ and بِفُلَانٍ, (K, [in the correct copies of which the form of the verb first mentioned is without teshdeed, while in the CK the first and last are both alike with teshdeed, or, as is said in the M, Th has mentioned سَمَوْتُهُ, but none other has mentioned it,]) He named him, or called him, Such a one; (S, M, Msb, K;) as Zeyd; i. e., he made Zeyd to be his name, his proper name. (Msb.) b2: [One says also, سمّى اللّٰهَ عَلَى شَىْءٍ, or simply سمّى عَلَيْهِ, which is the more common, meaning He pronounced the name of God, saying بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ (In the name of God), upon, or over, a thing; such as food, and an animal about to be slaughtered.] The Prophet said, سَمُّوا وَسَمِّتُوا وَدَنُّوا, [cited, with some variations, and expl., in arts.

دنو and سمت,] meaning سَمُّوا اللّٰهَ [Pronounce ye the name of God, &c.]; i. e. whenever ye eat, [before ye begin to do so, accord. to the general custom, or] between two mouthfuls. (M.) 3 ساماهُ, (S, M, K, TA,) inf. n. مُسَامَاةٌ, (TA,) He vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in highness, loftiness, or eminence, or in glory, or excellence, [or in an absolute sense,] with him; syn. عَالَاهُ, (M,) or فَاخَرَهُ, and بَارَاهُ. (K.) It is said in the trad. respecting the lie [against 'Áïsheh], لَمْ تَكُنِ امْرَأَةٌ تُسَامِيهَا غَيْرُ زَيْنَبَ, meaning There was not any woman that vied with her in eminence (تُفَاخِرُهَا and تُعَالِيهَا) except Zeyneb; المُسَامَاةُ meaning المُطَاوَلَةُ فِى الحُِظْوَةِ. (TA.) and one says, فُلَانٌ لَا يُسَامَى وَقَدْ عَلَا مَنْ سَامَاهُ [Such a one will not be vied with in highness, &c.: and he has overcome him who vied with him, &c.]. (S.) And إِنَّ أَمَامِى مَا لَا أُسَامِى, said when one fears an affair, or event, before him; on the authority of IAar; meaning [Verily before me is an affair, or event,] with which I cannot vie. (M.) A poet cited by Th says, بَاتَ ابْنُ أَدْمَآءَ يُسَامِى الأَنْدَرَا سَامَى طَعَامَ الحَىِّ حَتَّى نَوَّرَا and he says that سَامَى means اِرْتَفَعَ, and صَعِدَ; but [it seems that the verse should be rendered, Ibn-Admà passed the night aspiring to reach the heap of reaped wheat: he aspired to attain the wheat of the tribe until it attained to maturity: for ISd says,] in my opinion he means, as the seed-produce rose by growth, he rose to it, until it attained to maturity, when he reaped it and stole it: and he cites also the saying, فَارْفَعْ يَدَيْكَ ثُمَّ سَامِ الحَنْجَرَا [And raise thy hands, then endeavour to reach the windpipe]; explaining سَامِ الحَنْجَرَ as meaning raise thy hands to his حَلْق [or throat, properly, fauces]. (M.) 4 اسماهُ He raised, upraised, uplifted, upreared, exalted, or elevated, him, or it; as also بِهِ ↓ سَمَا [lit. he rose, &c., with him, or it]. (M, K.) b2: أَسْمَيْتُهُ مِنْ بَلَدٍ I made him to go up, or away, from a town, or country. (TA.) b3: اسمانا, (TA,) or ↓ اِسْتَمَانَا, (M,) He, or it, incited us to hunt, or chase: so says Th. (M, TA.) A2: Also He looked at, or towards, his, or its سَمَاوَة [expl. immediately before the mention of this phrase in the M as meaning the form, or figure, seen from a distance, and the aspect, of anything]. (M, TA.) A3: And اسمى He (a man) took the direction of, (S,) or came to, (M,) Es-Semáweh (السَّمَاوَة, S, M) a certain water in the desert (البَادِيَة, M) or a place between El-Koofeh and Syria, (K,) a well-known desert. (TA.) A4: See also 2.5 تسمّى [expl. by Golius, first, as meaning Altus fuit, eminuit; like سَمَا; but for this he names no authority, and I find none for it.

A2: ] He named himself. (KL.) b2: تسمّى بِزَيْدٍ He was named Zeyd: (S, * M, * Msb, K: *) تسمّى

بِكَذَا means Such a thing became his name: it is quasi-pass. of سَمَّاهُ and أَسْمَاهُ. (TA.) b3: and تسمّى بِبَنِى فُلَانٍ, (M,) or بِالقَوْمِ, (K,) and إِلَيْهِمْ, (M, K,) He asserted his relationship to the sons of such a one [by the assumption of a name of relationship to them], or to the people. (M, K.) 6 تَسَاْمَوَ see 1, first sentence. b2: تَسَامَوْا عَلَى الخَيْلِ They mounted upon the horses. (TA.) b3: and تساموا They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, [in highness, loftiness, or eminence, or in glory, or excellence, or in an absolute sense, (see 3,)] one with another. (S, K.) A2: and تساموا signifies also They called one another by their names. (TA.) 8 استمى He (a hunter, or sportsman, [الصّاعِدُ in the CK being a mistranscription for الصَّائِدُ,]) attired himself with the socks, or stockings, called مِسْمَاة, (M, K, TA,) to protect himself from the heat of the burning ground, (TA,) for the hunting of gazelles, in the time of heat. (M.) and (M, in the K “ or ”) استماهُ He asked of him the loan of the socks, or stockings, above named, for that purpose, (M, K, *) i. e. for the hunting of gazelles at midday. (TA.) And استمى, (M, CK,) or استمى الظِّبَآءَ, (so in some copies of the K and in the TA,) He sought, or pursued, the gazelles in their caves, or hiding-places, (فَى غِيرَانِهَا, M, and so in copies of the K, by the غِيرَان being meant the كُنُس, M,) or in what was not their time, or season, (فِى غَيْرِ انِهَا, thus in some copies of the K,) at the auroral rising of Canopus (سُهَيْل [which rose aurorally, in Central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, on the 4th of August, O. S.]): (M, K:) so says IAar. (M.) [Freytag says, on the authority of scholia to the Deewán of Jereer, as follows: In the time of the greatest heat, they drive out a wild animal repeatedly from its hiding-place, permitting it to return thither at night, when, thus disturbed, it does not issue from its place; in order that they may be able to strike it.] b2: And He hunted, or chased, wild animals. (M.) b3: See also 1, latter part, in two places. b4: and see 4.

A2: اِسْتَمَيْتُهُ also signifies I made him the object of a visit: or I perceived in him good, or goodness, by a right opinion formed from its outward signs. (K.) b2: And استماهُ He chose it, took it in preference, or selected it. (IAar, L voce اِقْتَرَحَ.) b3: And IAar mentions the saying, البَكْرَةُ مِنَ الإِبِلِ تُسْتَمَى بَعْدَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً أَوْبَعْدَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ, as meaning [The youthful she-camel] is tested for the purpose of discovering whether or not she be pregnant [after fourteen nights or after one and twenty]: but Th disallows this, and says that the word is تُسْتَمْنَى, from المُنْيَةُ, which means “ the period by the end of which one knows whether or not the she-camel is pregnant. ” (M.) 10 استسمى [or استسمى فُلَانًا, the word فلانا having app. been inadvertently omitted by a copyist,] He asked, or demanded, his [or such a one's] name. (TA.) سِمٌ and سُمٌ and سَمٌ: see اِسْمٌ, in three places, near the beginning of the paragraph; and in four places near the end of the same.

سَمًا: see سَمَآءٌ: A2: and see also اِسْمٌ, near the beginning of the paragraph.

سُمًا and سِمًا: see اِسْمٌ, in two places, near the beginning of the paragraph; and in the last sentence but one of the same.

سَمَآءٌ The higher, or upper, or highest, or uppermost, part of anything: [in this sense] masc. (M.) b2: [In its predominant acceptation,] a word of well-known meaning; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) [The sky, or heaven;] the canopy of the earth: (M, Msb, TA:) in this sense (M, Msb) masc. and fem.; (IAmb, S, M, Msb, K; *) sometimes fem.; (M;) rarely so, and thus as having the next but one of the significations here following: (Fr, Msb:) Az says that it is fem. because it is pl. [or coll. gen. n.] of سَمَآءَةٌ: (TA:) or it is as though it were pl. of ↓ سَمَاوَةٌ, [or rather its coll. gen. n.,] like as سَحَابٌ is of سَحَابَةٌ: (Msb, TA:) Er-Rághib says that the سَمَآء as opposed to the أَرْض is fem., and sometimes masc.; and is used as a sing. and as a pl.; as the latter in the Kur ii. 27 [where it is shown to apply to seven heavens]; and that it is like نَخْلٌ and شَجَرٌ and other [coll.] gen. ns.: (TA:) in this sense (M) the pl. is أَسْمِيَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (S, M, K) and سُمِىٌّ, (M, K,) the latter [originally سُمُوىٌ] of the measure فُعُولٌ, and both [also] pls. of سَمَآءٌ in another sense, mentioned in what follows, (TA,) and سَمَاوَاتٌ or سَمٰوَاتٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and accord. to the K, [in which all of these are mentioned as though pls. of سَمَآءٌ in all its senses,] ↓ سَمًا, [in the CK سُمًا,] but in the M سَمَآءٌ [like the sing., as mentioned above], where it is said that it must be a pl. in the Kur ii. 27 for the reason already stated, as though pl. of سَمَآءَةٌ or سَمَاوَةٌ; (TA;) and a poet assigns to سَمَآءٌ the anomalous pl. سَمَآءٍ, by his saying, سَمَآءُ الْإِلٰهِ فَوْقَ سَبْعِ سَمَآئِيَا [The heaven of God, above seven heavens]: (S, M:) the dim. is ↓ سُمّيَّةٌ. (Ham p. 452.) b3: and Any canopy, or covering over-head, of a person. (S, Msb, * TA.) b4: And hence, (S, TA,) The ceiling, or roof, (S, Msb, K, TA,) of a house, or chamber, or tent, (S, K, TA,) and of anything; (K, TA;) in this sense masc.; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ سَمَاوَةٌ also has this meaning. (S.) b5: And The رِوَاق, (M, K,) i. e. the شُقَّة [or oblong piece of cloth] that is beneath the upper, or uppermost, شُقَّةٌ, (M,) of a بَيْت [or tent]; (M, K;) in which sense it is fem., and sometimes masc.; (M;) as also ↓ سَمَاوَةٌ; (M, K;) [and so, app., ↓ سِمَايَةٌ; for] one says, أَصْلَحَ سِمَايَتَهُ, with kesr, [He repaired his سماية,] meaning, his سَمَاوَة. (TA.) b6: And The clouds; (Zj, K;) because of their height: (Zj, TA:) or a cloud. (Msb.) b7: and Rain; (S, M, Msb, K;) because it comes forth from the سَمَآء [i. e. sky or clouds]: (TA:) or a good rain (مَطْرَةٌ جَيِّدَةٌ): (K, TA:) or a new rain (مَطْرَةٌ جَدِيدَةٌ): (T, TA:) or, as some say, rain that has not fallen upon the earth; so called in consideration of what has been said above [of its meaning the “ clouds ” &c.]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [but] one says, مَا زِلْنَا نَطَأُ السَّمَآءَ حَتَّى

أَتَيْنَاكُمْ [We ceased not to tread upon the rain until we came to you]: (S, TA:) applied to rain, it is masc., and fem. also because of its connexion with the سَمَآء that canopies the earth; (M;) or it is fem., as meaning سَحَابَةٌ: (Msb:) the pl. [of mult.] is سُمِىٌّ (S, M, Msb, TA) and [of pauc.]

أَسْمِيَةٌ. (S, TA.) بَنُو مَآءِ السَّمَآءِ is an appellation of The Arabs; [signifying the sons of the water of the heaven;] because of their keeping much to the deserts which are the places of the falling of rain [by means of which they subsist]: or by مَآء السمآء is meant Zemzem, which God made to well forth for the Arabs, who are therefore like the sons thereof. (TA.) b8: [Hence, app., as being likened to rain by reason of the swiftness of his running,] a certain horse, (M, K,) belonging to Sakhr the brother of El-Khansà, (M,) was named السَّمَآءُ. (M, K.) b9: [Hence, likewise, as being likened to rain, (assumed tropical:) Bounty.] One says, أَصَابَنِى بِرَشْحَةٍ مِنْ سَمَائِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He gave me a gift from his store of bounty]. (A in art. رشح.) b10: Also (assumed tropical:) Herbage; because produced by the rain, which is thus called. (TA.) b11: And The back of a horse; (S, Msb, K;) because of its height: coupled with [its opposite] أَرْضٌ [q. v.]. (S, TA.) b12: And of a sandal, [in like manner opposed to أَرْضٌ,] The upper part [of the sole, i. e. the upper surface thereof], upon which the foot is placed. (M.) A2: See also سَمَاوَةٌ.

سَمَاوٌ: see سَمَاوَةٌ.

سَمِىٌّ: see سَامٍ, in two places. b2: [Also] A competitor, or contender for superiority, in highness, loftiness, or eminence, or in glory, or excel-lence; i. q. ↓ مُسَامٍ, (S, TA,) and مُطَاوِلٌ: (TA:) thus the word, in the accus. case, is said to signify in the Kur xix. 66: (S, TA:) or it there has the meaning here next following. (S, M, TA.) b3: A like, or an equal: (S, M, K TA:) and this meaning the word, in the accus. case, is said by some to have in the Kur xix. 8: or in this instance it has the meaning here following. (M, TA.) b4: A namesake of another. (S, M, K, TA.) b5: The fem. is سَمِيَّةٌ. (M, TA.) سُمَىٌّ dim. of اِسْمٌ, q. v.

سُمَيَّةٌ dim. of سَمَآءٌ, q. v.

سِمَوِىٌّ and سُمَوِىٌّ: see اِسْمِىُّ.

سَمَاوَةٌ: see سَمَآءٌ, in three places. b2: Also The form, or figure, seen from a distance, (S, M, K, TA,) [or] such as is high, or elevated, (TA,) of anything; (S, M, K, TA;) and the aspect thereof: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ سَمَآءٌ and ↓ سَمَاوٌ; the latter mentioned by Ks. (M, TA.) El-'Ajjáj says, سَمَآوَةُ الهِلَالِ حَتَّى احْقَوْقَفَا [The form, &c., of the moon when near the change, until it became curved]. (S.) سِمَايَةٌ: see سَمَآءٌ, in the middle of the paragraph.

سَمَآئِىٌّ and سَمَاوِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the sky or heaven; heavenly; celestial;] rel. ns. from سَمَآءٌ. (Msb, TA.) سَامٍ [High, or lofty; as also ↓ سَمِىٌّ: pl. of the former سَوَامٍ; applied to women as pl. of سَامِيَةٌ, whence the phrase سَوَامِى الطَّرْفِ in a verse cited voce بُضْعٌ; and to irrational animals, as in an instance here following]. One says القُرُومُ السَّوَامِى

The stallions [meaning the stallion-camels high in their heads, or] raising their heads high. (S, TA.) And سَامِيَاتٌ, [pl. of سَامِيَةٌ,] applied to camels, That raise, or raise high, their eyes and their heads. (Ham p. 791.) And رَدَدْتُ مِنْ سَامِى

طَرْفِهِ [app. an elliptical phrase, نَخْوَتَهُ (which is expressed in the explanation) or a similar word being understood; i. e. (assumed tropical:) I repelled the pride, or haughtiness, of him who was lofty in look;] meaning I contracted to him [or to the lofty in look] his soul, and annulled his pride, or haughtiness. (S, TA.) And الأَنْفِ ↓ سَمِىُّ [lit. Highnosed] means (assumed tropical:) disdainful, or scornful. (T and K in art. انف.) b2: [Also act. part. n. of 1 in all its senses. b3: And hence,] سُمَاةٌ, (S, M, K,) of which it is the sing., (M,) signifies Hunters (S, M, K) going forth to the chase: (K:) an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: or, as some say, hunters in the day-time, peculiarly: or hunters wearing the socks, or stockings, called مِسْمَاة. (M.) اِسْمٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) with the conjunctive ا, [i. e. written اسْمٌ,] but this is made disjunctive by poetic license [as well as when the word commences a sentence], (S,) usually with kesr [when the | is disjunctive], (Lh, M, TA,) and اُسْمٌ, (S, M, K,) of the dial. of Benoo-'Amr-Ibn-Temeem and of Kudá'ah, (M, TA,) mentioned by IAar, (TA,) and ↓ سِمٌ and ↓ سُمٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ سَمٌ, (K,) and ↓ سُمًا (M, K) and ↓ سِمًا and ↓ سَمًا, (K,) [The name of a thing; i. e.] a sign [such as may be uttered or written] conveying knowledge of a thing; syn. عَلَامَةٌ: and a word applied to denote a substance or an accident or attribute, for the purpose of distinction: (M, K:) [or a substantive in the proper sense of this term, i. e. a real substantive; and a substance in a tropical sense of this term, i. e. an ideal substantive:] as expl. by El-Munáwee, in the “ Towkeef,” the اسم is that which denotes a meaning in itself unconnected with any of the three times [past and present and future]: if denoting what subsists by itself, it is termed اِسْمُ عَيْنٍ; and if denoting what does not subsist by itself, [i. e. an accident or attribute,] whether existent, as العِلْمُ [i. e. knowledge], or non-existent, as الجَهْلُ [i. e. ignorance], it is termed اِسْمُ مَعْنًى: (TA:) the pl. is أَسْمَآءٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and أَسْمَاوَاتٌ, (S, M, K,) the latter said by Lh to be a pl. of اِسْمٌ, but it is rather a pl. of أَسْمَآءٌ, for otherwise there is no way of accounting for it, (M,) and أَسَامٍ (S, M, K) and أَسَامِىُّ (M, K) are [likewise] pls. of أَسْمَآءٌ: (K, * TA:) the word اسْمٌ [i. e. اِسْمٌ or اُسْمٌ] is derived from سَمَوْتُ, (S, TA,) or from السُّمُوُّ, (Msb, Er-Rághib, TA,) because the اسم is a means of raising into notice the thing denoted thereby, and making it known: (S, * Er-Rághib, TA:) it is of the measure اِفْعٌ [or اُفْعٌ, accord. to different dialects], the last radical, و, being wanting in it, (S, Msb, TA,) and the hemzeh [or rather |] being prefixed by way of compensation for it, accord to a general rule; (Msb, TA;) for it is originally سِمْوٌ (S, Msb, Er-Rághib, TA) or سُمْوٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) its pl. being أَسْمَآءٌ, and its dim. being ↓ سُمَىٌّ [originally سَمَيْوٌ]: (S, Msb, Er-Rághib, * TA:) some of the Koofees hold that it is from الوَسْمُ, meaning العَلَامَةُ, the و, which is the primal radical, being rejected, and the hemzeh [or |] being substituted for it, so that its measure is اِعْلٌ [or اُعْلٌ]; but this is a weak opinion, for, were it so, the dim. would be وَسَيْمٌ and the pl. would be أَوْسَامٌ. (Msb, TA.) One says, اِسْمُ هٰذَا كَذَا [The name of this is thus, or such a word]; and if you will you may say, اُسْمُ هٰذا كذا; and in like manner, ↓ سِمُهُ and ↓ سُمُهُ: Lh says that اِسْمُهُ فُلَانٌ [His name is Such a one] is the [common] phrase of the Arabs; and he mentions اُسْمُهُ فُلَانٌ as heard from [the tribe of] Benoo-'Amr-Ibn-Temeem: and Ks cites, as heard from some of [the tribe of] Benoo-Kudá'ah, the saying, ↓ بِاسْمِ الَّذِى فِى كُلِّ سُورَةٍ سُمُهْ [In the name of Him whose name is in every chapter of the Kur-án], and ↓ سِمُهْ as heard from others, not of Kudá'ah. (M.) سِرْ عَلَى اسْمِ اللّٰهِ is an elliptical phrase [for سِرْ مُعْتَمِدًا عَلَى ذِكْرِ اسْمِ اللّٰهِ Journey thou relying upon the mention of the name of God]. (IJ, M in art. دل: see دَلِيلٌ.) b2: [Hence,] اسْمٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Fame, renown, report, or reputation, of a person: (TA:) and so ↓ سُمًا, in relation to good, (K, TA,) not to evil; mentioned by Az. (TA.) One says, ذَهَبَ اسْمُهُ فِى النَّاسِ, i. e. His fame &c. [went, or spread, among mankind, or the people]. (TA.) اِسْمِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, a name or noun or substantive;] rel. n. from اِسْمٌ; as also ↓ سِمَوِىٌّ and ↓ سُمَوِىٌّ. (S, TA.) [Hence, جُمْلَةٌ اسْمِيَّةٌ A nominal proposition or phrase; as distinguished from فِعْليَّةٌ, or verbal.]

اِسْمِيَّةٌ The quality of a name or noun or substantive.]

مِسْمَاةٌ The socks, or stockings, worn by a hunter, (M, K, TA,) to protect him from the heat of the burning ground. (TA.) مُسَمًّى [Named]. b2: [Hence,] one says, هُوَ مِنْ مُسَمَّى قَوْمِهِ and مُسَمَّاتِهِمْ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He is of the best of his people or party. (TA.) مُسَامٍ: see سَمِىٌّ.

سطو

1 سَطَا بِهِ (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and عَلَيْهِ (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (Msb,) inf. n. سَطْوٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and سَطْوَةٌ, (M, Msb, K,) or the latter is an inf. n. un., (S,) He sprang, or rushed, upon him; made an assault, or attack, upon him; syn. صَالَ: (M, K:) he sprang upon him and seized him violently or laid violent hands upon him: (Bd in xxii. 71:) he seized him violently with uplifted hand: (Er-Rághib, TA:) he overbore him, overpowered him, or subdued him, (قَهَرَهُ, Lth, S, Msb, K, or تَطَاوَلَ عَلَيْهِ, T, TA,) by seizing him violently, or laying violent hands upon him, (Lth, S, K,) and abased him; or he seized him with great violence: (Msb:) or he stretched forth his hand to him [to seize him]. (Th, M, TA.) And in like manner, (M,) one says of a stallion [camel], يَسْطُو عَلَى طَرُوقَتِهِ [He springs, or rushes, upon, or he overbears, the she-camel that he covers]. (S, M. *) b2: سَطَا عَلَى

النَّاقَةِ, (S, M, K,) and الفَرَسِ, inf. n. سَطْوٌ and سُطُوٌّ, (M,) He (the pastor) put his hand into the رَحِم [or vulva] of the she-camel, (S, M, K,) and of the mare, (M,) to extract, (S, K,) or and extracted, (M,) the sperma of the stallion: (S, M, K:) when this is not extracted, the she-camel does not conceive: (S:) or this is done when she has been leaped by a stallion of low race; or when the sperma is bad, and she has not conceived in consequence of it. (M.) And He extracted from her (i. e. a she-camel, TA) the fœtus, dead: (M, TA:) and مَسَطَ signifies “ he extracted the sperma of the stallion: ” thus Az distinguishes between the two verbs. (TA.) Accord. to IAar, one says, سَطَا عَلَى الحَامِلِ, and سَاطَ, which is formed by transposition, meaning He extracted the fœtus, or young one, of the pregnant female. (TA.) And A'Obeyd mentions السَّطْوُ as used in relation to a woman: it is said in a trad. of El-Hasan, لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَسْطُوَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى المَرْأَةِ [There is, or will be, no harm in the man's extracting the fœtus of the woman]; (M, TA;) which Lth explains by saying, when her child sticks fast in her belly, dead, it may be extracted [by him] when fear is entertained for her and a woman is not found to do this. (TA.) b3: سَطَا said of a horse, (M, K,) inf. n. سَطْوٌ, (M,) He went at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, not obeying guidance. (M, K.) b4: Also, said of a horse, He went with wide step: (S, M, K:) or raised his tail in running; the doing of which is approved. (M.) b5: Also (tropical:) It was, or became, abundant, or copious; said of water. (S, M, Msb, K, TA.) b6: And (tropical:) He tasted food; (K, TA;) and took it with the hand, or with the extended hand. (TA.) b7: And i. q. عَاقَبَ [app. as meaning He punished: see سَطْوَةٌ, below]. (M, TA.) b8: And سَطَاهَا He compressed her; [and so سَطَأَهَا and شَطَأَهَا;] on the authority of Aboo-Sa'eed. (TA.) 3 ساطاهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُسَاطَاةٌ, (TA,) He treated him with hardness, severity, or rigour: (K, TA:) so says Az, on the authority of IAar. (TA.) b2: And He treated him with gentleness, or tenderness. (IAar, T, TA.) Thus it has two contr. significations. (TA.) سَطْوَةٌ [as a simple subst., or] as an inf. n. un., has for its pl. سَطَوَاتٌ. (S.) It signifies [A spring, or rush; or an assault, or attack: &c.: (see 1, first sentence:) impetuosity in war or battle:] a reviling: a beating: and punishment, or chastisement; as in the saying, اِتَّقِ سَطْوَتَهُ [Guard thyself against his punishment, or chastisement; or it may mean in this phrase, his violence, or impetuosity]. (TA.) سَاطٍ [act. part. n. of 1, Springing, or rushing; making an assault, or attack: &c. b2: Hence,] applied to a horse, That springs, or rushes, upon other horses, and stands upon his hind legs and attacks with his fore legs: (T, TA: [in the Ham p. 383, and raises his fore legs:]) or a horse wide in step: (As, S, M, K:) or that attacks other horses: (S:) or that raises his tail in his running; (S, M, K;) the doing of which is approved. (M.) b3: And A stallion-camel excited by lust, and going forth from camels to other camels (S, K) in consequence thereof. (S.) b4: And What is tall, or long, (K, TA,) of camels &c. (TA.) b5: الأَيْدِى السَّوَاطِى The hands that reach, or take, or take hold of, a thing. (TA.)

سطو
: (و ( {سَطَا عَلَيْهِ وَبِه) ؛ واقْتَصَر الجَوهرِيُّ على الثانيةِ؛ (} سَطْواً! وسَطْوَةً) ؛ واقْتَصَر الجوهرِيُّ على الأُولى، (صالَ) ؛ كَمَا فِي المُحْكم.
وَفِي التَّهذيبِ: سَطَا على فلانٍ تَطَاولَ. (أَو قَهَرَ بالبَطْشِ) ؛ نقلَهُ الجوهريُّ وَهُوَ قَوْل اللَّيْث.
وَفِي المُفْردات: {السَّطْوُ البَطْشُ برَفْع اليَدِ. يُقَال سَطَاية؛ وَمِنْه قَوْله تَعَالَى: {يكادُونَ} يَسْطونَ بالذين يَتْلُون عَلَيْهِم آياتِنا} .
قَالَ ابنُ سِيدَه: يَعْني مُشْركي أَهْلِ مكَّة، كَانُوا إِذا سَمعُوا مُسْلماً يقْرأُ القُرْآن كادُوا يَسْطونَ بِهِ.
وَقَالَ ثَعْلَب: مَعْناه يبْسُطونَ إِلَيْهِم أَيْديَهُم.
(و) مِن المجازِ: سَطا (الماءُ) إِذا (كَثُرَ) وزخرَ، كَذلكَ طَغَى.
(و) مِن المجازِ: سَطا (الطَّعامَ) أَي (ذَاقَهُ) وتَناوَلَه.
(و) سَطا (الفَرَسُ: أَبْعَدَ الخَطْوَ) ، هَكَذَا هُوَ بخطِّ أَبي سَهْلٍ الهَرَويّ فِي نسخةِ الصِّحاحِ، وَفِي بعضِها: أَبْعَدَ الخَطْوَةَ.
(و) سَطا (الرَّاعِي على النَّاقَةِ) ؛ كَمَا فِي الصِّحاحِ، والفَرَسِ أَيْضاً كَمَا فِي المُحْكَم؛ إِذا (أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي رَحِمِها ليخْرِجَ مَا فِيهَا مِن) الوَثْرِ وَهُوَ (ماءُ الفَحْلِ) ، وَإِذا لم يخرُجْ لم تَلْقَح النَّاقَةُ، كَمَا فِي الصِّحاحِ.
وَفِي المُحْكم: وذلكَ إِذا نَزَا عَلَيْهَا فحلٌ لئِيمٌ أَو كانَ الماءُ فاسِداً لَا يُلْقَحُ عَنهُ. وذَكَرَ مِن مَصادِرِه: السَّطْو {والسُّطُوّ، كعُلُوَ.
(و) قيلَ: سَطا (الفَرَسُ: رَكِبَ رأْسَه فِي السَّيْرِ؛ كَذَا فِي المُحْكم.
(} وسَاطَاهُ) {مُساطاةً: (شدَّدَ عَلَيْهِ) ؛ نقَلَه الأزهريُّ عَن ابنِ الأَعرابيّ.
(} والسَّاطِي) من الخَيْلِ: (الفَرَسُ البَعيدُ الخَطْوِ) .
وَفِي الصِّحاحِ: البَعيدُ الشَّحْوَةِ، وَهِي الخَطْوةُ؛ قالَهُ الأصمعيُّ.
وَفِي التَّهذيب: قيلَ إنَّما سُمِّي الفَرَسُ {ساطِياً لأنَّه} يَسْطو على سائِرِ الخَيْلِ ويقومُ على رِجْلَيْه! ويَسْطُو بيَدَيْه.
(و) فِي الصِّحاحِ: ويقالُ هُوَ (الَّذِي يَرْفَعُ ذَنَبَهُ فِي حُضْرِهِ) ، أَي عَدْوِهِ؛ زادَ ابنُ سِيدَه: وَهُوَ مَحْمودٌ؛ وأَنْشَدَ:
وأَقْدَر مُشْرِف الصَّهَواتِ {سَاطٍ
كُمَيْت لَا أَحَقّ وَلَا شَئِيتُوأَنْشد الأزْهرِيُّ لرُؤْبة:
غمر اليَدِيْنِ بالجِرَاءِ} سَاطِي (و) {السَّاطِي: (الفَحْلُ المُغْتَلِمُ) الَّذِي (يَخْرُجُ مِن إِبِلٍ إِلَى إِبِلٍ) ، نقَلَه الجوهريُّ عَن أَبي عَمْروٍ؛ وأَنْشَدَ:
هامَتُه مثلُ الفَنِيقِ السّاطِي (و) السَّاطِي: (الطَّويلُ) مِن الإِبِلِ وغيرِها.
وممَّا يُسْتدركُ عَلَيْهِ:
} سَطا {سَطْواً: عاقَبَ.
وأَميرٌ ذُو} سَطْوةٍ: أَي شَتْمٍ وضَرْبٍ. ويقالُ: اتَّقِ {سَطْوَتَه، أَي أَخْذَتَه.
وَفِي الصِّحاحِ:} السَّطْوَةُ: المرَّةُ الواحِدَةُ، والجَمْعُ {السَّطَواتُ.
والفَحْلُ} يَسْطُو على طَرُوقَتِه.
{وسَطا الرَّاعِي على ناقَتِه: أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا الوَلَدَ مَيِّتاً؛ ومَسَطَ إِذا اسْتَخْرَجَ ماءَ الفَحْل؛ هَكَذَا فَرَّقَ بَيْنهما الأزْهرِيُّ.
وَقَالَ ابنُ الأَعْرابيِّ: سَطَا على الحامِلِ وسَاطَ، مَقْلوبٌ، إِذا أَخْرَجَ وَلَدَها.
وحكَى أَبو عُبيدٍ السَّطْو فِي المرْأَةِ؛ وَمِنْه حديثُ الحَسَنِ: (لَا بأْسَ أنْ} يَسْطُوَ الرَّجُلُ على المرأَةِ) .
وفسَّرَه الليْثُ فقالَ: إِذا نَشِبَ وَلَدُها فِي بَطْنِها ميِّتاً فيُسْتَخْرَج، أَي إِذا خِيفَ عَلَيْهَا، وَلم تُوجَدِ امْرأَةٌ تَفْعَل ذلكَ؛ قالَ رُؤْبة:
إِن كنتَ فِي أَمْرِك فِي شماسِ
{فاسْطُ على آلِكَ} سَطْوَ الماسِي والأيدِي {السَّواطِي: الَّتِي تَتَناوَلُ الشيءَ؛ قَالَ الشاعِرُ:
تَلَذُّ بأَخْذِها الأَيدِي السَّواطِي} وسَاطَاهُ: رَفَقَ بِهِ؛ عَن ابنِ الأعْرابيِّ أَيْضاً كَمَا فِي التَّهذيب؛ فَهُوَ مِن الأضْدادِ.
{وسَطاها: وَطِئَها؛ عَن أَبي سعيدٍ؛ ويُرْوَى عَنهُ بالمعْجَمةِ أَيْضاً كَمَا سَيَأْتي.

شجع

1 شَجُعَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَجَاعَةٌ, (S, Msb,) He (a man, S) was, or became, courageous, brave, valiant, bold, daring, or stronghearted (S, Msb, K) on the occasion of war, or fight, (S, K,) making light of wars, by reason of his boldness. (Msb.) Az says that سَجَاعَةٌ sometimes denotes a comparative quality in relation to him who is weaker than the person to whom it is ascribed. (Msb.) A2: شَجَعَهُ, aor. ـَ [which in this case is contr. to the general rule, notwithstanding the guttural letter, for by rule it should be شَجُعَ,] He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَجَاعَة [or courage, &c.]. (K.) [See 3.]

A3: شَجِعَ, aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. شَجَعٌ, (IDrd, Msb, K,) He was, or became, tall. (IDrd, Msb, K.) 2 شجّعهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَشْجِيعٌ, (K,) He encouraged him; or strengthened his heart; (S, K;) and emboldened him: (K:) or he said to him, Thou art شُجَاع [or courageous, &c.]. (Sb, S, K.) 3 شَاجَعْتُهُ فَشَجَعْتُهُ [I strove to overcome or surpass him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَجَاعَة (or courage, &c.), and] I overcame him, or surpassed him, therein. (TA.) 4 مَا أَشْجَعَهُ [How courageous, brave, valiant, bold, daring, or strong-hearted, is he, on the occasion of war, or fight!]. (TA in art بسل.) 5 تشجّع He affected (تَكَلَّفَ) courage, bravery, valour, boldness, daringness, or strength of heart on the occasion of war, or fight; (S, K;) [he encouraged himself; made himself, or constrained himself to be, courageous:] and he feigned, or pretended to have, courage, &c., on the occasion of war, or fight, not having it in him. (TA.) شَجَعٌ Penetrating energy; boldness. (As.) b2: Quickness of the shifting of the legs, in camels, (S, K,) or, accord. to IB, in horses. (TA.) شَجِعٌ; fem. with ة: see شُجَاعٌ, in three places. b2: شَجِعُ القَوَائِمِ Quick in the shifting of the legs, applied to a he-camel; and so شَجِعَةٌ and ↓ شَجْعَآءُ, applied to a she-camel. (S, K.) And قَوَائِمُ شَجِعَاتٌ Quick, and light, active, or nimble, legs. (TA.) b3: Mad, applied to a camel. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) شِجَعٌ: see شُجَاعٌ.

شَجْعَةٌ: see شُجَاعٌ: A2: see also شُجْعَةٌ: b2: also Tall, and uncompact in frame: b3: and crippled by disease; or having a protracted disease: [whence] it is said in a prov., أَعْمَى يَقُودُ شَجْعَةً

[A blind man leading one crippled by disease, or having a protracted disease: but in Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 119, the last word is written شَجَعَة, and said to be pl. of ↓ شَاجِعٌ, and to signify, app., suffering paralysis]. (TA.) شُجْعَةٌ: see شُجَاعٌ.

A2: Also Cowardly, weak, (Ibn-'Abbád,) lacking strength or power or ability, lean, or emaciated, and small in body, having no heart; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) as also ↓ شَجْعَةٌ: (Lh, K:) the former seems to have the meaning of a pass. part. n., [i. e. of مَشْجُوعٌ, q. v.,] like سُخْرَةٌ and other words. (Ibn-'Abbád.) شِجَعَةٌ: see شُجَاعٌ.

شَجَعَآءُ [or شِجَعَآءُ or شَجْعَآءُ]: see شُجَاعٌ.

شَجْعَمٌ A bulky serpent: or a malignant and audacious serpent: regarded by Sb as a quadriliteral-radical word. (TA.) [See also شُجَاعٌ.]

شَجَاعٌ: see what next follows.

شُجَاعٌ and ↓ شِجَاعٌ (Lh, ISk, S, Msb, K) and ↓ شَجَاعٌ, (Msb, K,) which is of the dial, of Benoo-'Okeyl, being made by them to accord with its contr., which is جَبَانٌ, (Msb,) and ↓ شَجِيعٌ (Lh, S, Msb, K) and ↓ أَشْجَعُ (S, K) and ↓ شَجِعٌ (K) and ↓ شِجَعٌ, (as in some copies of the K,) or ↓ شِجَعَةٌ, (as in other copies of the K and in the TA,) [of all which forms the first is the most common,] Courageous, brave, valiant, bold, daring, or strong-hearted (S, Msb, K) on the occasion of war, or fight, (S, K,) making light of wars, by reason of boldness: (Msb:) fem. [of the 1st and 2nd and 3rd respectively] شُجَاعَةٌ and شِجَاعَةٌ (S, * Msb, * K) and شَجَاعَةٌ (Msb, * K) and شجاع also [without ة] (Msb) and [of the 4th]

↓ شَجِيعَةٌ (Msb, K) and [of the 5th] ↓ شَجْعَآءُ and [of the 6th] ↓ شَجِعَةٌ: (K:) pl. masc. (of the 1st, S, Msb) شِجْعَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (AO, S, Msb, K) and [of the first three, and perhaps of the 4th also,] شَجَعَةٌ (S, K) and (of the 1st, S) شِجْعَانٌ (Lh, S, K) and (of the 4th, S) شُجْعَانٌ (Lh, ISk, S, K) [or, accord. to IDrd, شجعان is a mistake, as is said in the TA, but the word is there written without any syll. signs,] and (of the 4th, S, Msb) ↓ شُجَعَآءُ (S, Msb, K) and [of the 4th, and perhaps of others also,] شِجَاعٌ, (K,) and also, (but these are quasi-pl. ns., TA,) ↓ شَجْعَةٌ (AO, S, K) and ↓ شُجْعَةٌ (K) and ↓ شَجَعَآءُ [app. a mistake for شِجَعَآءُ or شَجْعَآءُ]: (TA:) pl. fem. [all of شَجِيعَةٌ, or the last of شَجْعَآءُ or of شَجِعَةٌ,] شَجَائِعُ and شِجَاعٌ and شُجُعٌ: (Lh, K:) or شُجَاعٌ is [an epithet] peculiar to men: (K, * TA:) Az says, “ I have heard the Kilábees say, رَجُلٌ شُجَاعٌ, but they do not apply this epithet to a woman: ” (S:) ↓ شَجِعَةٌ and ↓ شَجِيعَةٌ, however, are applied to a woman, and signify bold, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) longtongued, and vehemently clamorous, towards men; (Ibn-'Abbád, TA;) audacious in her speech, (Ibn-'Abbád, K, [but these two epithets as applied to a woman and signifying “ bold ” &c. are omitted in the CK,]) and in her length of tongue, and vehement clamorousness. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) b2: شُجَاعٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ شِجَاعٌ (K) also signify (assumed tropical:) The serpent; (K;) and so does ↓ أَشْجَعُ: (TA:) or (tropical:) the male serpent: (Mgh, K:) or a certain species of serpent, (Sh, S, Msb, K,) as also ↓ أَشْجَعُ, (S,) small, (K,) or slender, and asserted to be the boldest of the serpent-kind: (Sh:) pl. شِجْعَانٌ (Lh, IDrd, K) and شُجْعَانٌ, (IDrd, K,) the former of which is the more common: (IDrd:) the pl. of أَشْجَعُ is أَشَاجِعُ; or, as some say, this is pl. of أَشْجِعَةٌ, which is pl. [of pauc.] of شجاع, signifying the serpent. (TA.) [See also شَجْعَمٌ, above.]

b3: Also (tropical:) The serpent called صَفَرٌ, that presents itself in the belly (S, K, * TA) of a man, as the Arabs assert, when he has been long hungry: (S, TA:) but As says that شُجَاعُ البَطْنِ signifies (assumed tropical:) vehemence of hunger. (Az, TA.) شِجَاعٌ: see شُجَاعٌ, in two places.

شَجِيعٌ; fem. with ة: see شُجَاعٌ, in three places.

شَاجِعٌ: see شَجْعَةٌ.

أَشْجَعُ; fem. شَجْعَآءُ: see شُجَاعٌ, in four places. You say also, لَبُؤَةٌ شَجْعَآءُ A bold lioness. (TA.) b2: Applied to a man, accord. to some, it signifies, (S,) or it signifies also, (K,) In whom is lightness, or unsteadiness, like what is termed هَوَجٌ, (S, K,) by reason of his strength. (S.) See also شَجِعٌ. b3: Mad; or possessed by a devil: (TA:) Lth says that, applied to a man, it signifies one who is as though there were in him madness, or diabolical possession; but Az says that this is a mistake; for, were this its meaning, the poets would not have used it in praise. (TA, in another part of the art.) b4: Tall: (IDrd, Msb, K:) and so the fem. applied to a woman. (IDrd, Msb.) b5: Bulky; big-bodied; or stout: or, as some say, youthful; or in a state of youthful vigour. (TA.) b6: The lion. (Lth, S, K.) b7: It is said in the K that الأَشْجَعُ also signifies الدَّهْرُ [i. e. Time; or fortune; &c.]; and J says that this is what the poet means by the expression, أَشْجَعُ أَخَّاذٌ: but this cannot be the correct meaning, for the poet, namely El-Aashà, says, بِأَشْجَعَ أَخَّاذٍ عَلَى الدَّهْرِ حُكْمُهُ by الاشجع meaning himself, or some other thing. (TA.) A2: Also, (S, K,) and إِشْجَعٌ, (K,) or the latter accord. to some, but this was not known to Abu-l-Ghowth, (S,) sing. of أَشَاجِعُ, [in some copies of the S written أَشَاجِيعُ, but the former, which, as is mentioned in the TA, is found in the handwriting of J, is that which is commonly known,] which signifies [The knuckles nearest to the wrist; this being what is meant by] the bases (أُصُول) of the fingers, which are connected with the tendons of the outer side of the hand: (S, K:) in the T, we find the heads (رُؤُوس) of the fingers, instead of اصول: (TA:) or اشجع in the hand and foot [but see what follows] signifies the tendons extended above the سُلَامَى [here meaning the metacarpal and metatarsal bones] from the wrist to the bases (أُصُول) of the fingers or toes, which are called أَطْنَابُ الأَصَابِعِ, above the outer side of the hand: or the bone which connects the finger with the wrist; [i. e. the metacarpal bone;] every finger having to it a bone thus called: he who says that the أَشَاجِع [so here instead of اشجع as above] are the tendons calls those bones the أُسْنَاع. (TA.) Aboo-Bekr is described as عَارِى الأَشَاجِعِ عَنْ مَفَاصِلِ الأَصَابِعِ, meaning Having little flesh upon what are thus termed: or having their tendons apparent. (TA.) [See also رَاجِبَةٌ and بُرْجُمَةٌ.]

A3: أَشْجَعُ مِنْ دِيكٍ [More courageous than a cock] is one of the proverbs of the Arabs. (Mgh.) مُشْجَعٌ, like مُجْمَلٌ, (K, TA,) i. e. having the form of a pass. part. n., (TA,) [in the CK مَشْجَع, like مَحْمَل,] In the utmost state of madness, or diabolical possession: (K:) so says Ibn-Abbád; and hence, accord. to him, شُجَاعٌ [but in what sense he does not say]. (TA.) مَشْجُوعٌ Overcome, or surpassed, in شَجَاعَة [or courage, &c.]. (K, TA.)

شحط

1 شَحَطَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. شَحْطٌ (S, K) and شَحَطٌ (K) and شُحُوطٌ (S, K) and مَشْحَطٌ; (K;) and شَحِطَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَحَطٌ; (TA;) It was, or became, distant, or remote: (S, K:) or شَحْطٌ and شَحَطٌ signify the being distant, or remote, in all states or circumstances. (TA.) You say, شَحَطَ المَزَارُ The place of visiting was, or became, distant, or remote. (S.) And لَا أَنْسَاكَ عَلَى شَحْطِ الدَّارِ I will not forget thee notwithstanding the distance of the dwelling. (TA.) And El-'Ajjáj says, وَالشَّحْطُ قَطَّاعُ رَجَآءِ مَنْ رَجَا [And distance is the severer of the hope of him who hopeth]. (TA.) b2: شَحَطَ فِى السَّوْمِ He went far, or far from what was right, and exceeded the due limit, in the demanding of a price. (TA.) b3: Hence, (TA,) شَحَطَ البَعِيرَ فِى السَّوْمِ, (K, TA, [in the CK, and in a MS. copy of the K, البّعِيرُ,]) aor. ـَ inf. n. شَحْطٌ, (TA,) He went to the utmost of the value of the camel in the demanding of a price: (K, TA:) or he went far from what was right, and exceeded the due limit: (K:) and شَحِطَ signifies the same; (K;) or is thought to do so by ISd. (TA.) Hence, also, what is said in a trad., by Rabee'ah, respecting a man emancipating a portion of a slave: يَكُونُ عَلَى

المُعْتِقِ قِيمَةُ أَنْصِبَآءِ شُرَكَآئِهِ يُشْحَطُ الثَّمَنُ ثُمَّ يُعْتِقُ كُلَّهُ [The value of the portions of his copartners shall be imposed upon the emancipater;] the price of the slave shall be carried to the utmost; [then he shall emancipate the whole of him:] or the meaning is, the price of the slave shall be collected; from شَحَطَ الإِنَآءَ, which see below. (TA.) b4: شَحَطَ فُلَانًا He preceded, outwent, got before, or passed beyond, such a one, and became far from him: (K, TA:) and in like manner, الخَيْلَ [the horses, or horsemen]. (T, TA.) One says also, شَحَطَتْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ العَرَبَ The sons of Háshim surpassed, and outstripped, the Arabs [in general] in excellence. (TA.) A2: شَحَطَ الإِنَآءَ He filled the vessel. (Fr, K.) A3: See also 5.2 شحّطهُ, inf. n. تَشْحِيطٌ, (S, K,) He made him (a slain man) to struggle, or flounder, بِدَمِهِ in his blood: (S:) or he besmeared, bedawbed, befouled, or defiled, him, بِالدَّمِ with blood. (K.) 4 اشحطهُ He made him, or caused him, to be, or become, distant, or remote; he put him, sent him, or removed him, far away. (S, K.) 5 تشحّط He (a slain man) struggled, or floundered, بِدَمِهِ in his blood: (S:) and ↓ شَحْطٌ [inf. n. of شَحَطَ] also signifies the struggling, or floundering, in blood: (Lth, ISd, K:) or the former signifies he struggled, or floundered, and rolled, or wallowed, فِى دَمِهِ in his blood: (TA:) or became besmeared, bedawbed, befouled, or defiled, (Mgh, K,) and he rolled, or wallowed, (Mgh,) or struggled, or floundered, (K,) فِى دَمِهِ in his blood. (Mgh, K. *) And It (the fœtus) struggled, or floundered, فِى السَّلَى in the membrane enclosing it. (K.) شَحَّاطٌ: see what next follows.

مَنْزِلٌ شَاحِطٌ A distant, or remote, place of abode; as also ↓ شَحَّاطٌ. (TA.) b2: شَوَاحِطُ الأَوْدِيَةِ, [the former word being pl. of شَاحِطَةٌ,] The distant, or remote, parts of the valleys. (TA.) شَوْحَطٌ Certain trees, (K,) a species of the trees of the mountains, (S,) meaning of the mountains of the سَرَاة, [the mountain-range extending from near 'Arafát to Nejrán in El-Yemen,] for there they grow, (TA,) of which bows are made: (S, K:) AHn says, One acquainted with [the kind of trees called] the شوحط has informed me that it grows in the manner of the أَرْز [or pine-tree], many rods growing from one stem; its leaves are thin and long, and it has a fruit like the long grape, [the word here rendered “ grape ” is عنبة, but it has been altered in the MS., and may therefore be incorrect,] except that its extremity is more slender, and it is soft, and is eaten: (TA:) or i. q. نَبْعٌ: (IB:) or a species of the نَبْع, (K,) of which bows are made: (TA:) or the شوحط and نبع and شِرْيَان are one; the name varying according to the excellence of their places of growth; what is upon the summit of the mountain being called نبع; what is upon its base, or foot, or lowest or lower part, شريان; and what is in the depressed tract by its base, شوحط: (Mbr, Az, K:) IB says the same with respect to the نبع, but that the شوحط is that which is upon the lowest part of the mountain; and this is confirmed by what is said by Az and others: El-Ghanawee El-Aarábee says, the نبع and شوحط and سَرَآء are one: as to the شريان, no one holds it to be of the نبع except Mbr: Aboo-Ziyád says that bows are made of the شريان, and they are good, but of a black colour tinged with redness: and AHn says in one place, that the نبع and شوحط are yellow in the wood, heavy in the hand; and when they become old, they become red: (TA:) the n. un. is with ة. (K.)

حكم:
حكم عليه: أخضعه وقهره واستولى عليه (أماري ص168، المقري 2: 691) حيث الصواب حكم عليه كما في طبعة بولاق وعند فليشر بريشت (ص170).
وحكم: ألصق كتفي على الأرض في لعبة المصارعة. ويقال: حكم فيه (ألف ليلة برسل 9: 281، 282).
وحكم أجل الكمبيالة: حان، استحقت.
وحكم الوقت: حان الوقت. (بوشر).
حكمة عارضة: وقع له حادث. (بوشر).
حكمهم فرطنة: جاءتهم زوبعة (بوشر).
حكم ورسم: تكلم بالحكمة (بوشر).
حكَّم (بالتشديد): احكم (فوك).
حكَّمه: أعطاه الحق في أن يتمنى ويختار ما يشاء (معجم المتفرقات).
حكَّم: علَّم، أرشد (همبرت ص109).
وحكّم: ثبت اللون (فوك).
وحكَّم: صاح لا حكم ألا لله. أو لا حَكَم إلا الله. كما يفعل الخوارج (معجم المتفرقات).
وحكَّم له: خصَّص له (بوشر).
حكَّم الدم: أنضجه وهو من اصطلاح الأطباء بمعنى أصلحه وجعله اصلح وأكمل (بوشر).
أحكم: أتقن فهم الكتاب ففي ترجمة ابن خلدون بقلمه (ص208 و): كان هو قد أحكم الكتاب عن شيخه الأبّلي.
أحكم عليه عِلْماً: أتقن بالدراسة عليه العلم (ميرسنج ص19، في آخر الصفحة).
كان لا يجاري معرفة بالهيئة وإحكاماً للآلة الفلكية ((أي كان لا يجاري في معرفته لعلم الفلك وإتقانه ومهارته في استعمال الراصدة الفلكية (تلسكوب). (الخطيب ص33 و).
أحكم رسماً: صادق على حُكْم (دي ساسي ديب 9: 486).
أحكم: حاكم، عَلَّل (بوشر).
تحكَّم: استبد وتصرف كما يشاء (المقدمة 1: 319، 320) والمصدر منه تحكَّم بمعنى زعم باطل. (المقدمة 2: 342).
تحكم الدم: تهيأ للتَمثل (بوشر). متحكِّم: ذو حِكَم وأمثال. وبتحكم: بحكم وبأمثال (بوشر).
تحكَّم: ثبت اللون (فوك).
تحكَّم الله: جعل الله تعالى حكماً، فوض أمره إلى الله. ففي رياض النفوس (ص72 و): كتب إلي المسجونون رسالة يذكرون لي فيها ما هم فيه من الجوع والضيق وسوء الحال ويتحكمون الله عز وجل.
وتحكم على الله: حابه الله وتحدَّاه. ففي جيان (ص69 ق): وفَتْحانِ في يوم تحكُّم على الله تَعْ واحتقار لما ابتداءك به من النعمة.
تحكَّ من فلان: غلبه، استولى عليه. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 74): فلما تحكَّم الشراب مِنَّا. صحَّح في ألف ليلة (1: 63): عنهم فالصواب منهم.
احتكم عليه: حكم عليه بما يريد وأعلن له ذلك (معجم المتفرقات).
واحتكم: بمعنى الكلمة السريانية مووطه: تعرف بامرأة وجامعها (باين سميث 1473).
استحكم: تتضمن معنى الكلية والكمال. ففي طرائف دي ساسي مثلاً (2: 37): استحكام غرق هذه الأرض بأجمعها، وفي ((رحلة ابن بطوطة (2: 192): الزنوج المستحكمو السواد. الزنوج السود تماماً.
واستحكم المرض: صار مزمنا (محيط المحيط). واستحكم في معجم فوك: ثبت اللون.
حُكْم: تسلط، سلطان، نفوذ (بوشر).
حُكْم: في كرتاس (ص58): وتوسل إليه أن يعطيه هذه القطعة من العنبر على ان يرضيه عنها بحكمه. أي على أن يعطيه عنها الثمن الذي يقدره. ولم يفهم تورنبرج هذه العبارة.
الحكم: الحكومة (محيط المحيط).
حكم الرُّعاء: مجلس يعقده في كل سنة (عند فكتور في كل شهر) أصحاب قطعان الماشية ورعاتها (ألكالا).
والٍ للحكم الشرعي: من يتولى سلطة القضاء (المقري 1: 134).
أحكام النجوم: علم التنجيم. ففي الخطيب (ص34 ق): له تدرُّب في أحكام النجوم.
وأحكام وحدها: علم التنجيم (المقدمة 2: 188، 193).
العلماء بصناعة الأحكام: المنجمون (الخطيب ص5 ق).
على حكم النجوى: على الضريبة المفروضة (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 140).
حَكَّم: انظرها في مادة لَعْب.
حِكْمَة: طريقة عمل شيء، صنعة، يقال مثلاً حكمة البناء (ابن بطوطة 3: 218).
حِكْمة: طب (بوشر، محيط المحيط).
حكمة: تفكير خلقي. وبصيرة، وعبرة، قاعدة، كلام يوافق الحق (بوشر) والجمع حِكَم: أمثال سائرة، أقوال مأثورة، أقوال مأثورة تتضمن عبرا خلقية (معجم بدرون). وحِكْمَة: سبب. علَّة (المقدمة 1: 252، 2: 97، 300).
ثلج الحكمة عند الأطباء أقراص مركبة من الكبريت وملح البارود (محيط المحيط).
طين الحكمة: علك يطين به الإناء الذي يوضع في النار (بوشر، محيط المحيط).
حِكْمِيّ: فلسفي (بوشر) ولم تضبط فيه الكلمة. وربد إنها نسبة إلى حِكْمة.
الكتب الحمية: كتب الفلسفة والطب. (أبو الفرج ص250).
وحِكْمِيّ: مثلي، نسبة إلى الحكمة وهي عبارة تجري مجرى المثل (بوشر) ولم تضبط فيه بالشكل.
حُكْمِيّ: مزادي، مقضي بالمزاد (بوشر).
وحُكْمي: حُكِم عليه، رسم عليه، سامة (بوشر).
وحُكْمِي: قضائي، غداري (بوشر).
كتاب حُكْميّ: شكوى، تظلم، عرض موضوع الدعوى أمام القضاء (حياة صلاح الدين ص10، 11) نقلها شولتنز. وقد أخطأ فريتاج بقوله أن شولتنز فسّر هذا القول بما معناه باللاتينية ((قضائي)) لئن شولتنز يقول كتاب حكمي تعني باللاتينية ما معناه مذكرة قضائية كما ترجمها أبوه.
حُكُومة: القضاء بالشيء لصاحبه (بوشر).
وحكومة: مجلس الشورى (دوماس قبيل ص158).
الحكومة: أرباب السياسة (محيط المحيط).
حكومات: اختصاص، صلاحيات (هلو).
حُكَيْمَة: تصغير حكمة وهي عبارة تجري مجرى المثل (فوك) حاكم: من يتولى الدارة القضائية وينفذ الأحكام التي يقضي بها القضاة. وهو الذي يشير أيضاً على القضاة بقبول شهادة من يرى انهم عدول (دي ساسي المقدمة 1 ص76).
وحاكم في أفريقية: صاحب الشرط (المقدمة 2: 30).
وحاكم: مفوض الشرطة، ضابط الشرطة (جرابرج 211).
وحاكم: والي الإقليم (هاي ص23).
وحاكم: مقدم، قائد وحدة عسكرية، محافظ والي (بوشر).
تحكيم: إتقان، إحكام، تدقيق، نظام (بوشر).
تحكيم الكيلوس: صيرورة الكيلوس (بوشر).
مَحْكَمَ وجمعه محاكم: محكمة، ديوان القضاء (فوك).
مُحْكَم: دقيق، صارم، وثيق (بوشر).
ومُحْكَم: مبرهن، مثبت بحجج (بوشر).
مُحَكَّم: مُحكَم، متقن. منظم، مضبوط، محدود، مخصص، معين، محدد، معلوم (بوشر).
محكوم: ضيق ويطلق على ذلك على طرف الحذاء (دلابورت ص91).
محكوم به: مثبوت، قرار المحكمة وما يثبت أو ينفى في الموضوع (بوشر).

حكم

1 حَكَمَهُ, (S, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. حُكْمٌ, (Msb, K, [in the TK حَكْمٌ,]) in its primary acceptation, (Msb,) He prevented, restrained, or withheld, him (S, Msb, K) from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner; as also ↓ احكمهُ: (K:) and (K) from doing that which he desired; as also ↓ احكمهُ; and ↓ حكّمهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: (S:) and حُكُومَةٌ [is another inf. n. of حَكَمَهُ, and], accord. to As, primarily signifies the turning a man back from wrongdoing. (TA.) Ibrá-heem En-Nakha'ee is related to have said, ↓ حَكِّمِ اليَتِيمَ كَمَا تُحَكِّمُ وَلَدَكَ, meaning Restrain thou the orphan from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner, and make him good, or virtuous, as thou restrainest thine offspring &c.: and of every one whom thou preventest, or restrainest, or withholdest, from doing a thing, thou sayest, [حَكَمْتُهُ and] ↓ حكّمته and ↓ احكمته: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, as related by Sh, the forementioned saying of En-Nakh'ee means let the orphan decide respecting his property, when he is good, or virtuous, as thou lettest thine offspring &c.; but this explanation is not approved. (Az, TA.) And Jereer says, سُفَهَآءَكُمْ ↓ أًبَنِى حَنِيفَةَ أَحْكِمُوا

إِنِّى أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ أَنْ أَغْضَبَا [O sons of Haneefeh, restrain your lightwitted ones: verily I fear for you that I may be angry]: (S, TA:) i. e., restrain and prevent them from opposing me. (TA.) You say, also, عَنِ ↓ احكمهُ الأَمْرِ He made him to turn back, or revert, from the thing, or affair. (K.) b2: حَكَمَ الفَرَسَ, and ↓ احكمهُ, and ↓ حكّمهُ, He pulled in the horse by the bridle and bit, to stop him; he curbed, or restrained, him. (TA.) And حَكَمَ الدَّابَّةَ, (S,) or الفَرَسَ, (K,) inf. n. حَكْمٌ; (S; [so in my two copies of that work;]) and ↓ أَحْكَمَهَا, (S,) or احكمهُ; (K;) He put a حَكَمَة [q. v.] to the bit of the beast, or horse. (S, * K.) b3: And ↓ حكّم الحَوَادِثَ (assumed tropical:) [He controlled events: see مُحَكَّمٌ]. (MF.) b4: حَكَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا originally signifies I prevented, restrained, or withheld, him from doing, or suffering, any other than such a thing, so that he could not escape it. (Msb.) [Hence it means I condemned him to such a thing; as, for instance, the payment of a fine or of a debt, and death.] And hence, (Msb,) حَكَمَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, K,) inf. n. حُكْمٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and حُكُومَةٌ, (K,) He judged, gave judgment, passed sentence, or decided judicially, بَيْنَهُمْ between them, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and لَهُ in his favour, and عَلَيْهِ against him. (S, TA.) And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالأَمْرِ He decided judicially the thing, or affair, or case, against him. (K, TA.) And حَكَمَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا [He awarded by judicial sentence in his favour, against him (i. e. another person), such a thing]. (Mgh.) [And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ He exercised judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government, over him. and حَكَمَ بِكَذَا He ordered, ordained, or decreed, such a thing.]

A2: حَكَمَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ He turned back, or reverted, from the thing, or affair. (IAar, Az, K.) A3: حَكُمَ, (S, MA, TA,) with damm to the ك, (S,) like كَرُمَ, (TA,) [not حَكَمَ as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,] inf. n. حُكْمٌ (KL, MA) and حِكْمَةٌ, (MA,) He was, or became, such as is termed حَكِيمٌ [i. e. wise, &c.]. (S, KL, MA, TA.) b2: And حكم, inf. n. حكم, [so in the TA, without any syll. signs, app. حَكُمَ inf. n. حُكْمٌ,] is said of a man, signifying He reached the utmost point, or degree, in its meaning (فِى

مَعْنَاهُ [i. e., app., in what is the radical meaning of the verb, namely, in judging; like قَضُوَ]); in praising, not in dispraising. (TA.) 2 حكّمهُ, inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: see 1, in five places. b2: Also [He made him judge; or] he committed to him the office of judging, giving judgment, passing sentence, or deciding judicially; (Mgh, Msb;) or he ordered him to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially; (K;) or he allowed him to judge, &c.; (TA;) فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair, or case. (K.) And حَكَّمْتُهُ فِى مَالِى

I gave him authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting my property. (S, TA.) b3: Hence, حَكَّمَتِ الخَوَارِجُ The [schismatics called the] خوارج asserted that judgment (الحُكْمُ) belongs not to any but God. (Mgh.) تَحْكِيمُ الحَرُورِيَّةِ, in the K, erroneously, ↓ تَحَكُّمُ الحروريّة, (TA,) signifies The assertion of the [schismatics called] حروريّة that there is no judgment (حُكْم) but God's, (K, TA,) and that there is no judge (حَكَم) but God. (TA.) 3 حاكمهُ إِلَى الحَاكِمِ, (K,) inf. n. مُحَاكَمَةٌ, (S,) He summoned him to the judge, and litigated with him, (S, K, TA,) seeking judgment: and he made a complaint of him to the judge; or brought him before the judge to arraign him and litigate with him, and made a complaint of him. (TA.) And حَاكَمْنَاهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ We summoned him to the judgment of God [administered by the Kádee]. (TA.) بِكَ حَاكَمْتُ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean I have submitted the judgment [of my case] to Thee, and there is no judgment but thine; and by Thee [or thy means or aid] I have litigated in seeking judgment and in proving the falseness of him who has disputed with me in the matter of religion. (TA. [The past tense, here, is perhaps used as a corroborative present.]) 4 أَحْكَمَ see 1, in seven places. The saying of Lebeed, describing a coat of mail, أَحْكَمَ الجِنْثِىَّ مِنْ عَوْرَاتِهَا كُلُّ حِرْبَآءٍ إِذَا أُكْرِهَ صَلٌّ is explained as meaning Every nail repelled the sword from its interstices: [when it was struck with force, it made a clashing sound:] or, as some say, [the right reading is الجنثىُّ and كُلَّ, (as in the S in arts. جنث and صل,) and, accord. to some, صَنْعَتِهَا in the place of عوراتها, (as in the S and M in art. صل,) and] the meaning is, the manufacturer thereof made firm, or strong, every nail [of its interstices, or of its fabric: &c.]: احكم in this case signifying أَحْرَزَ [agreeably with the explanation here next following]. (TA.) b2: احكمهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِحْكَامٌ, (TA,) i. q. أَتْقَنَهُ [He made it, or rendered it, (namely, a thing, S, Mgh, Msb,) firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; he made it firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, so that it was firmly and closely joined or knit together, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; he so constructed, constituted, established, settled, arranged, did, performed, or executed, it; he put it into a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing: and he knew it, or learned it, soundly, thoroughly, or well; see 1, last sentence, in art. حنك]. (Msb, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xi. 1], كِتَابٌ أَحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ (TA) i. e. [A book whereof the verses are rendered valid] by arguments and proofs; (Bd;) or by command and prohibition, and the statement of what is lawful and unlawful: (TA:) or disposed in a sound manner, (Ksh, Bd,) with respect to the words and meanings, (Bd,) like a building firmly and orderly and well constructed: (Ksh:) or prevented from being corrupted (Ksh, Bd) and from being abrogated: (Bd:) or made to be characterized by wisdom, (Ksh, Bd:) as comprising the sources of speculative and practical wisdom. (Bd.) and hence one says of a man such as is termed حَكِيم, [i. e. wise, &c.,] قَدْ أَحْكَمَتْهُ التَّجَارِبُ [Tryings have rendered him firm, or sound, in judgment]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, أُحْكِمَ عَنْ كَذَا It was secured from such a thing: see مُحْكَمٌ.] b4: [إِحْكَامٌ is also often used as the inf. n. of the pass. verb, signifying The being firm, &c.; or firmness, &c.: see مِرَّةٌ.] b5: See also حَكَمَةٌ.5 تحكّم فِيهِ He did [or decided] according to his own judgment, or did what he judged fit, respecting it, or in it: (Msb:) or he had authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting it; (K, TA;) as also فيه ↓ احتكم: (S, K:) each is quasi-pass. of حَكَّمَهُ; the former regular, and the latter irregular: (TA:) or the former signifies he pretended to have authority to judge, &c. (KL.) You say, عَلَىَّ ↓ احتكم فِى مَالِى He had authority over me to judge, &c., respecting my property. (S.) b2: See also 2.6 تحاكموا إِلَى الحَاكِمِ They summoned one another to the judge, [seeking judgment, (see 3,)] and litigated; as also إِلَيْهِ ↓ احتكموا. (S, TA.) 8 إِحْتَكَمَ see 5, in two places: b2: and 6: b3: and 10.10 استحكم He (a man) refrained from what would injure him in his religion and his worldly concerns. (Aboo-' Adnán, TA.) b2: Also quasipass. of أَحْكَمَهُ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) as signifying أَتْقَنَهُ; (Msb, K;) [It was, or became, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, firmly and closely joined or knit together, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well, made or constructed or constituted or established or settled or arranged or done or performed or executed: and, said of a quality or faculty &c., it was, or became, firm, strong, sound, free from defect or imperfection, established, or confirmed:] and, said of an affair, or a case, it was, or became, in a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing; as also ↓ احتكم. (TA.) b3: استحكم عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The thing, or affair, became confused and dubious to him; syn. اِلْتَبَسَ: so in the A. (TA. [But this seems to require confirmation.]) حُكْمٌ [inf. n. of 1, q. v.,] originally signifies Prevention, or restraint. (Msb.) b2: And hence, (Msb,) Judgment, or judicial decision: (S, Msb, K, TA:) or judgment respecting a thing, that it is such a thing, or is not such a thing, whether it be necessarily connected with another thing, or not: (TA:) [whence,] in logic, [what our logicians term judgment; i. e.] the judging a thing to stand to another [thing] in the relation of an attribute to its subject, affirmatively or negatively; or the perception of relation or non-relation: (Kull:) or it properly signifies judgment with equity or justice: (Az, TA:) and ↓ حُكُومَةٌ signifies the same; (K, TA;) originally, accord. to As, the restraint of a man from wrongdoing: (TA:) [each, though an inf. n., being used as a simple subst., has its pl.:] the pl. of the former is أَحْكَامٌ, (K,) [properly a pl. of pauc., but] its only pl. form: and the pl. of the latter is حُكُومَاتٌ. (TA.) You say, وَ يَفْصِلُ ↓ هُوَ يَتَوَلَّى الحُكُومَاتِ الخُصُومَاتِ [He presides over the affairs of judgment, and decides litigations]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ لَحُكْمًا meaning Verily, of poetry, there is that which is true judgment: so says Er-Rághib: or, as others say, profitable discourse, such as restrains from, and forbids, ignorant and silly behaviour; i. e., [what contains] exhortations and proverbs profitable to men: or, the right reading is, as some relate it, ↓ لَحِكْمَةً [i. e. wisdom, &c.]: (TA:) or حِكَمًا [pl. of حِكْمَة]. (So in a copy of the “ Jámi' es-Sagheer ” of Es-Suyootee.) b3: [The exercise of judicial authority; jurisdiction; rule; dominion; or government. See also حُكُومَةٌ. b4: An ordinance; a statute; a prescript; an edict; a decree; or a particular law; like قَضَآءٌ. Hence the phrase حُكْمَ العَادَةِ According to custom or usage; properly, according to the ordinance of custom or usage. b5: A rule in grammar &c.; as when one says, حُكْمُ الفَاعِلِ الرَّفْعُ or أَنْ يُرْفَعَ, i. e. The rule applying to the case of the agent is that it be put in the nom. case; and حُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ كَذَا, or كَحُكْمِ كذا, i. e. The rule applying to it is the same as the rule applying to such a thing, or like the rule applying to such a thing. b6: It may often be rendered Predicament: (thus the last of the foregoing exs. may be rendered Its predicament is the same as the predicament of such a thing, or like the predicament of such a thing:) and حُكْمًا, or فِى الحُكْمِ, predicamentally, or in respect of predicament; and virtually; as distinguished from لَفْظًا (literally), and حَقِيقَةً (really), and the like.] b7: Also Knowledge of the law in matters of religion. (TA.) b8: See also حِكْمَةٌ, in two places. It is a more general term than حِكْمَةٌ; for all حِكْمَة is حُكْم, but the reverse is not the case. (Er-Rághib, TA.) حَكَمٌ: see حَاكِمٌ, in two places; and مُحَكِّمٌ.

[Hence,] الحَكَمُ [The Judge] is one of the names of God. (TA.) b2: A man advanced in age (K, TA) to the utmost degree. (TA.) A2: See also حَكَمَةٌ.

حِكْمَةٌ [properly, or primarily,] signifies What prevents, or restrains, from ignorant behaviour: (Mgh:) [in its most usual sense, which is wisdom, agreeably with explanations here following,] it is derived from حَكَمَةٌ, signifying a certain appertenance of a beast, [a kind of curb,] because it prevents its possessor from having bad dispositions: (Msb:) it means knowledge; or science; (S, K;) as also ↓ حُكْمٌ: (S, TA:) or [generally] knowledge of the true natures of things, and action according to the requirements thereof; and therefore it is divided into intellectual and practical: or a state, or quality, of the intellectual faculty: this is the theological حِكْمَة: in the Kur xxxi. 11, by the حِكْمَة given by God to Lukmán, is meant the evidence of the intellect in accordance with the statutes of the law: (TA:) in the conventional language of the learned, it means the perfecting of the human mind by the acquisition of the speculative sciences, and of the complete faculty of doing excellent deeds, according to the ability possessed: (Bd on the passage of the Kur above mentioned:) or it means the attainment of that which is true, or right, by knowledge and by deed: so that in God it is the knowledge of things, and the origination thereof in the most perfect manner: and, in man, the knowledge and doing of good things: or it means acquaintance with the most excellent of things by the most excellent kind of knowledge: (TA:) [and in the modern language, philosophy: pl. حِكَمٌ:] see حُكْمٌ. b2: Also Equity, or justice, (K, TA,) in judgment or judicial decision; and so ↓ حُكْمٌ. (TA.) b3: and i. q. حِلْمٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. [Forbearance, or clemency, or] the management of one's soul and temper on the occasion of excitement of anger: which, if correct, is nearly the same as equity or justice. (TA.) b4: And Obedience of God: and knowledge in matters of religion, and the acting agreeably therewith: and understanding: and reverential fear; piety; pious fear; or abstinence from unlawful things: and the doing, or saying, that which is right: and reflection upon what God has commanded, and doing according thereto. (TA.) b5: And [Knowledge of] the interpretation of the Kur-án, and saying that which is right in relation to it: so in the Kur ii. 272. (TA.) b6: And The gift of prophecy, or the prophetic office; (K, TA;) and apostleship: so in the Kur ii. 252 and iii. 43 and xxxviii. 19: (TA:) or in the [first and] last of these instances it means b7: The Book of the Psalms [of David]: or, as some say, any saying, or discourse, agreeable with the truth: (Mgh:) and it also means [in other instances] the Book of the Law of Moses: (TA:) and the Gospel: and the Kur-án: (K:) because each of these comprises what is termed الحِكْمَةُ المَنْطُوقُ بِهَا, i. e. the secrets of the sciences of the law and of the course of conduct; and الحِكْمَةُ المَسْكُوتُ عَنْهَا, i. e. the secrets of the science of the Divine Essence. (TA.) حَكَمَةٌ [A kind of curb for a horse;] a certain appertenance of a beast; so called because it renders him manageable, or submissive, to the rider, and prevents him from being refractory and the like; (Msb;) or because it prevents him from vehement running: (TA:) it is the appertenance of the لِجَام [or bridle] that surrounds the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw]: the Arabs used to make it of untanned thong or of hemp; because what they aimed at was courage, not finery: (S:) or the appertenance of the لجام that surrounds the حَنَكَانِ [which word app. here means the two jaws] of the horse, and in which are [attached] the عِذَارَانِ [or two side-pieces of the headstall, that lie against the two cheeks]: (K:) or a ring which surrounds the مَرْسِن [or part of the nose which is the place of the halter] and the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw], of silver or iron or thong: (IDrd in his Book on the Saddle and Bridle:) or a ring which is upon (فى) the mouth of the horse: (ISh, TA:) pl. حَكَمَاتٌ (S, TA) and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ حَكَمٌ. (TA.) Zuheyr says, describing horses, حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ meaning قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ بِحَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ بِحَكَمَاتِ الأَبَقِ [That had been curbed with curbs of untanned thong, and with curbs of hemp]: (S, TA:) or, accord. to Abu-l-Hasan, [the meaning is that had been furnished with curbs &c.; for he says that]

احكمت is here made trans. because it implies the signification of قُلِّدَتْ: (TA:) some relate the hemistich thus: حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ مَحْكُومَةً

[furnished with curbs of untanned thong, and hemp]. (S, TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The chin of a sheep (S, K) or goat. (S.) b3: And, of a man, (tropical:) The fore part of the face: (K, TA:) or, as some say, the lower part of the face: a metaphorical term from the حَكَمَة of the لِجَام: (TA:) or [in some copies of the K “ and ”] (tropical:) his head: [accord. to the CK, or the fore part of the head of a man:] and (tropical:) his state, or condition: and (tropical:) rank, and station. (K, TA.) You say, رَفَعَ اللّٰهُ حَكَمَتَهُ (tropical:) God exalted, or may God exalt, his head, or his state, or condition, and his rank, and station: because the stooping of the head is a characteristic of the low, or abject. (TA.) And لَهُ عِنْدَنَا حَكَمَةٌ (tropical:) He has rank in our estimation. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ عَالِى الحَكَمَةِ (tropical:) [Such a one is elevated in respect of rank, or station.] (TA.) A2: [See also حَاكِمٌ, of which it is a pl.]

حَكِيمٌ Possessing knowledge or science; [in its most usual sense,] possessing حِكْمَة [as meaning wisdom]; (S, TA; [see also أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ;]) [wise; a sage: and in the modern language, a philosopher: and particularly a physician:] one who performs, or executes, affairs firmly, solidly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; (S, IAth;) so that it is, in this sense, of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) one who executes well, and firmly, solidly, &c., the niceties of arts: (TA:) [pl. حُكَمَآءُ.] الحَكِيمُ [as meaning The All-wise] is one of the names of God. (TA.) b2: الذِّكْرُ الحَكِيمُ, applied to the Kur-án, means [The admonition] that decides judicially in your favour and against you: or that is rendered free from defect or imperfection; in which is no incongruity, nor any unsoundness. (TA.) حُكُومَةٌ an inf. n. of حَكَمَ [q. v.]: (K:) [and used as a simple subst.; pl. حُكُومَاتٌ:] see حُكْمٌ, in two places. b2: Also [Judicial authority; authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, فِى أَمْرٍ respecting an affair, or a case;] a subst. from اِحْتَكَمَ and تَحَكَّمَ; and so ↓ أُحْكُومَةٌ. (K, TA.) حَاكِمٌ One who judges, gives judgment, passes sentence, or decides judicially; a judge; an arbiter, arbitrator, or umpire; (S * Msb, K, TA;) between people: (Msb, TA:) [one who exercises judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government; a ruler, or governor:] and ↓ حَكَمٌ signifies the same: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) the حَاكِم between people is so called because he restrains from wrongdoing: (As, TA:) the pl. is حُكَّامٌ (Msb, K) and حَكَمَةٌ, meaning judges, [&c.,] (TA,) and حَاكِمُونَ is allowable. (Msb.) It is said in a prov., ↓ فِى بَيْتِهِ يُؤْتَى الحَكَمُ [In his house the judge is to be come to]. (S. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 204.]) الحَاكِمُ [as meaning The Supreme Judge] is one of the names of God. (TA.) See also the next paragraph.

A2: [The pl.] حَكَمَةٌ also signifies Mockers, scoffers, or deriders. (TA. [The ح in this case seems to be a substitute for ه: see art. هكم.]) ↓ أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ [The most qualified to judge of those who judge: or] the most knowing and most just [of them]: (Bd and Jel in xi. 47, where it is applied to God:) or it may mean the wisest of those who possess attributes of wisdom; supposing حَاكِمٌ to be [a possessive epithet] from الحِكْمَةُ, like دَارِعٌ from الدِّرْعُ. (Bd.) أُحْكُومَةٌ: see حُكُومَةٌ.

مُحْكَمٌ [pass. part. n. of أَحْكَمَهُ;] applied to a building [&c.,] Made, or rendered, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, &c.; held to be secure from falling to pieces. (KT.) b2: And hence, A passage, or portion, of the Kur-án of which the meaning is secured (أُحْكِمَ) from change, and alteration, and peculiarization, and interpretation not according to the obvious import, and abrogation. (KT.) And سُورَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ A chapter of the Kur-án not abrogated. (K.) And الآيَاتُ المُحْكَمَاتُ, [see Kur iii. 5, where it is opposed to آيَاتٌ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ,] The portion commencing with قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ [Kur vi. 152], to the end of the chapter: or the verses that are rendered free from defect or imperfection, so that the hearer thereof does not need to interpret them otherwise than according to their obvious import; such as the stories of the prophets; (K;) or so that they are preserved from being susceptible of several meanings. (Bd in iii. 5.) And المُحْكَمُ The portion of the Kur-án called المُفَصَّلُ [q. v.]; because nought thereof has been abrogated: or, as some say, what is unequivocal, or unambiguous; because its perspicuity is made free from defect, or imperfection, and it requires nothing else [to explain it]. (TA.) مَحْكَمَةٌ A place of judging; a tribunal; a court of justice.]

مُحَكَّمٌ فِى نَفْسِهِ [One who is made to judge respecting himself: and particularly] one who is given his choice between denial of God and slaughter, and chooses slaughter. (Mgh.) In a trad., in which it is said, إِنَّ الجَنَّةَ لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, [Verily Paradise is for the مُحَكَّمُون], (S,) لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, (S, K,) or, as some read, ↓ لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, (K,) denotes a people of those who are called أَصْحَابُ الأُخْدُودِ, who were given their choice between slaughter and the denial of God, and chose the remaining constant to El-Islám, with slaughter: (S, K:) or المحكّمون means those who fall into the hand of the enemy, and are given their choice between [the profession of] belief in a plurality of Gods, and slaughter, and choose slaughter. (IAth, TA.) b2: المُحَكَّمُ occurring in a poem of Tarafeh, (S,) or this is a mistake, and the right reading is ↓ المُحَكِّمُ, (K,) An old man, tried, or proved, and strengthened by experience in affairs; (S, K;) to whom حِكْمَة [or wisdom, &c.,] is attributed: (S:) or both are correct, like مُجَرَّبٌ and مُجَرِّبٌ, as several authors have allowed; the former meaning one whom events have controlled (حَكَّمَتْهُ الحَوَادِثُ), and tried, or proved; and the latter, one who has controlled (حَكَّمَ), and experienced, events. (MF.) مُحَكِّمٌ, and its pl. مُحَكِّمُونَ: see مُحَكَّمٌ. b2: المُحَكِّمَةُ is an appellation applied to the [schismatics called the] خَوَارِج because they disallowed the judgment of the ↓ حَكَمَانِ [or two judges], (S,) namely, Aboo-Moosà El-Ash'aree and 'Amr Ibn-El-' Ás, (K, TA,) and said that judgment الحُكْمُ) belongs not to any but God. (S.) فَرَسٌ مَحْكُومَةٌ A horse [furnished with a حَكَمَة; or] having a حَكَمَة upon his head. (Az, TA.) See حَكَمَةٌ.

مُتَحَكِّمٌ A judge who judges without evidence: and one who judges in the way of asking respecting a thing with the desire of bringing perplexity, or doubt, and difficulty, upon the person asked. (Har p. 97.)