لَوْلَا
:) ! لَوْلَا: قالَ الجَوْهري: مُرَكَّبةٌ مِن مَعْنى أَنْ ولَوْ، وَذَلِكَ أنَّ لَوْلَا تَمْنَعُ الثَّانِي مِن أَجْلِ وُجُودِ الأوَّلِ تقولُ: لَوْلَا زَيْدٌ لهَلكَ عَمْرو، أَي امْتَنَعَ وُقُوعُ الهَلاكِ مِن أجْلِ وُجُودِ زَيْد هُنَاكَ.
قَالَ ابنُ برِّي: ظاهِرُ كلامِ الجَوْهرِي يَقْضِي بأَنَّ لَوْلَا مُركَّبَةٌ مِن أَن المَفْتوحَة وَلَو، لأَنَّ لَو للامْتِناعِ وأنْ للوُجُودِ، فجَعَلَ لَوْلَا حَرْفَ امْتِناعٍ لوُجُودٍ، انتَهَى.
وَقَالَ المبرِّدُ: لَوْلَا تَمْنَعُ الشيءَ مِن أَجْلِ وُقُوعِ غيرِهِ.
وَقَالَ ابنُ كَيْسان: المَكْنِيُّ بَعْدَ لَوْلا لَهُ وَجْهان: إنْ شِئْتَ جِئْتَ بمَكْني المَرْفوع فقلْتَ لَوْلا هُوَ {ولَوْلا هُمْ ولَوْلا هِيَ ولَوْلا أَنْتَ، وإنْ شِئْتَ وصلْتَ المَكْنيَّ بهَا فَكَانَ كمَكْنِيِّ الخَفْضِ، والبَصْريّون يقولونَ: هُوَ خَفْض، والفرَّاء يقولُ. وَإِن كانَ فِي لَفْظِ الخَفْضِ فَهُوَ فِي مَوْضِعِ الرَّفْع، قالَ: وَهُوَ أَقْيَسُ القَوْلَيْن، تَقول:} لَوْلاكَ مَا قُمْتُ {ولَوْلايَ} ولَوْلاهُ {ولَوْلاهَا} ولَوْلاهُم، والأجْودُ لَوْلا أَنْتَ كَمَا قَالَ، عزَّ وجلَّ: {لَوْلَا أَنْتُم لكُنَّا مُؤْمِنِين} ؛ وَقَالَ الشاعرُ:
ومَنْزلِةٍ لَوْلايَ طِحْتَ كَمَا هَوَى
بأَجْرامِه مِن قُنَّةِ النِّيقِ مُنْهَويوأَنْشَدَ الفرَّاء:
أَيَطْمَعُ فِينا مَنْ أَراقَ دِماءَنا
! ولَوْلاهُ لَمْ يَعْرِضْ لأَحْسابِنا حَسَنْورَوَى المُنْذري عَن ثَعْلب قالَ: لَوْلا إِذا وَلِيَتِ الأسْماء كانتْ جَزَاء وَإِذا وَلِيَتِ الأفْعالَ كانتْ اسْتِفْهاماً.
وَفِي البصائِرِ للمصنِّفِ: لَوْلا على أرْبَعَةِ أَوْجُهٍ:
(أَحَدُها:) أَن تَدْخُلَ على جملتين اسْمِيَّةٍ ففعْلِيَّةٍ لرَبْطِ امْتِناعِ الثَّانِيَةِ بوُجُودِ الأُولى، نَحْو: لَوْلا زَيْد لأَكْرَمْتكَ، أَي لَوْلا زَيْدٌ مَوْجودٌ وأَمَّا الحديثُ: (لَوْلاَ أَنْ أَشقَّ على أُمَّتي لأَمَرْتَهم بالسّواكِ عنْدَ كلِّ صلاةٍ) ، فالتَّقْدير: لَوْلا مَخافَة أَنْ أَشقَّ لأَمَرْتَهم أَمْرَ إيجابٍ وإلاَّ لانْعَكَس مَعْناهُ إِذا المُمْتَنِع المَشَقَّة والمَوْجُودُ الأَمْر.
(الثَّاني:) تكونُ للتَّحْضيضِ والعَرض فتَخْتَص بالمُضارِعِ أَو مَا فِي تأْوِيلِه نَحْو: {لَوْلا تَسْتَغْفرونَ الله} ، و {لَوْلا أَخَّرْتَني إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ} ، والفَرْقُ بَيْنهما أنَّ التَّحْضِيضَ طَلَبٌ بِحَثَ والعَرْض طَلَبٌ برِفْقٍ وتأَدّبٍ.
(الثَّالث:) تكونُ للتَّوْبيخِ والتَّنْديدِ فتَخْتَص بالماضِي، كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {لَوْلا جاؤُوا عَلَيْهِ بأَرْبَعَةِ شُهداءٍ} { {فلَوْلا نَصْرهم الَّذين اتَّخَذُوا مِن دُون الله قرْباناً آلِهَةً} ؛ وَمِنْه: {} ولَوْلا إِذا سَمِعْتمُوه قُلْتُم} إلاَّ أنَّ الفِعْل أُخِّر؛ وقولُ جرير:
تَعُدُّونَ عَقْرَ النِّيبِ أَفْضَلَ مَجْدِكُم
بَنِي ضَوْطَرَى لَوْلا الكَمِيَّ المُقَنَّعَاإلاَّ أنَّ الفِعْل أُضْمِر، أَي لَوْلا عَدَدْتُم أَو لَوْلا تَعُدُّونَ عَقْرَ الكَمِيّ المُقَنَّع مِن أَفْضَل مَجْدِكم، وَقد فُصلت مِن الفِعْل بإذ وَإِذا مَعْمُولَيْن لَهُ، وبجُمْلَةِ شَرْطٍ مُعْتَرِضَةٍ، فالأوَّل نَحْو: { {وَلَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُموه قُلْتُم} ؛ وَالثَّانِي والثَّالثِ: {} فلَوْلا إِذا بَلَغَت الحُلْقُوم} {فلَوْلا إِن كُنْتُم غَيْر مدينين ترجعونها} .
(الَّرابع:) الاسْتِفهامُ، نَحْو: {لَوْلا أَخَّرْتَني إِلَى أَجَلٍ قرِيبٍ} ، {لَوْلا أنزلَ إِلَيْهِ ملك} كَذَا مثلُوا والظاهِرُ أنَّ الأولى للعَرْضِ، والثانِيَة مِثْل { {لَوْلا جاؤُوا عَلَيْهِ بأَرْبَعةِ شُهداءِ} .
وَالْخَامِس: أنْ تكونَ نافِيَةً بمعْنَى لم، عَن الفرَّاء، وَمثله بقوله تَعَالَى: {} فلَوْلا كانَ مِن القُرونِ مِن قَبْلكم أُولو بَقِية يَنْهونَ} ، قَالَ: لم يَكُنْ أَحدٌ كَذلكَ إلاَّ قَلِيلا، فإنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ كَانُوا يَنْهون فَنَجوا، وَهُوَ اسْتِثناءٌ على الانْقِطاع ممَّا قَبْله، كَمَا قَالَ، عزَّ وجلَّ: {إلاَّ قَوْم يُونُس} ، وَلَو كانَ رَفْعاً لكانَ صَواباً، هَذَا نَصّ الفرَّاء. ومَثَّله غيرُه بقوله تَعَالَى: {فلَوْلا كَانَت قَرْيَة آمَنَتْ فنَفَعَها إيمانُها إلاَّ قَوْم يُونُس} ، والظاهِرُ أَنَّ المَعْنى على التَّوْبيخ، أَي فهَلاَّ كانتْ قَرْيَة واحِدَة مِن القُرَى المُهْلَكَة تابَتْ عَن الكُفْر قَبْل مجيءِ العَذَابِ فنَفَعَها ذلكَ، هَكَذَا فَسَّره الأَخْفَش والكِسائي وعليُّ بنُ عِيسَى والنحَّاسُ، ويُؤَيّدُه قِراءَةُ أُبيَ وعبدِ اللهِ {فهَلاَّ} ويَلْزَمُ مِن هَذَا المَعْنى النَّفْي لأنَّ التَّوْبيخَ يَقْتَضِي عَدَمُ الوُقُوعِ. وذَكَرَ الزَّمَخْشَري فِي قولهِ تَعَالَى: {فلَوْلا إِذْ جاءَهُم بأْسُنا تَضَرَّعُوا} ، جيءَ {بلَوْلا ليُفادَ أَنَّهم لم يَكُنْ لهُم عذْرٌ فِي تَرْكِ التَّضرُّعِ إلاَّ عَنَادهم وقَسْوَة قُلُوبِهم وإعْجابهم ــبأَعْمالِهم الَّتِي زَيَّنها الشَّيْطانُ لَهُم؛ وقولُ الشاعرِ:

اصل

1 أَصُلَ, (K,) inf. n. أَصَالَةٌ; (TA;) or أَصِلَ; (M;) It (a thing, M) had, or came to have, root, or a foundation; (M, K;) as also ↓ تأصّل: (M:) or it was, or became, firm, or established, and firmly rooted or founded; as also ↓ تأصّل: (K:) and [in like manner] ↓ استأصل it (a thing) was, or became, firm in its root or foundation, and strong. (Msb.) You say, الشَجَرَةُ ↓ اِسْتَأْصَلَتِ The tree [took root; or] grew, and became firm in its root. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَصُلَ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. as above, (S, M,) He (a man, S, * M) was, or became, firm, (S, M, K;) or sound, (S,) of judgment; (S, M, K;) intelligent. (M: [and so, probably, in correct copies of the K; but in a MS. copy of the K and in the CK; and TA, instead of عَاقِل, the reading in the M, I find عَاقِب.]) b3: Also, (S, * K,) inf. n. as above, (S, TA,) It (judgment, or opinion,) was, or became, firm, or sound, (S, * TA,) or good. (K.) b4: And, inf. n. as above, It (a thing) was, or became, eminent, noble, or honourable. (Msb.) A2: أَصَلَهُ, [aor. and inf. n. as in what follows next after this sentence,] He hit, or struck, its root, or foundation; that by being which it was what it was, or in being which it consisted; or its ultimate constituent. (A, TA.) b2: And hence, (A, TA,) أَصَلَهُ عِلْمًا, (A, K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. أَصْلٌ: (TA;) or ↓ آصَلَهُ [with medd, (which I think to be a mistake, unless this be a dial. var.,) and without علما]; (so in a copy of the M;) (assumed tropical:) He knew it completely, or thoroughly, or superlatively well, syn. قَتَلَهُ, (K,) [i. e.] قَتَلَهُ عِلْمًا, so that he was acquainted with its أَصْل [or root, or foundation, or its ultimate constituent, as is indicated in the A and TA]: (M:) or this is from أَصَلَةٌ, as meaning “a certain very deadly serpent;” (A, TA;) [whence the phrase,] b3: أَصَلَتْهُ الأَصَلَةُ, (K,) inf. n. أَصْلٌ, (TA,) The [serpent called] اصلة sprang upon him (K, TA) and slew him. (TA.) A3: أَصِلَ, aor. ـَ (M, K,) inf. n. أَصَلٌ, (M,) said of water, i. q. أَسِنَ; (M, K;) i. e. It became altered for the worse (M, TA) in its taste and odour, (TA,) from fetid black mud (K, TA) therein: so says Ibn-'Abbád: (TA:) and said of flesh-meat, it became altered (K, TA) in like manner. (TA.) A4: أَصِلَ فُلَانٌ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا Such a one set about, or commenced, doing thus and thus, or such and such things. (TA.) 2 أصلّهُ, inf. n. تَأْصِيلٌ, He made it to have a firm, or fixed, root, or foundation, whereon to build, (Msb, TA,) i. e., whereon another thing might be built. (El-Munáwee, TA.) [Hence,] أصّل مَالَهُ i. q. أَثَّلَهُ [He made his wealth, or property, to have root, or a foundation; or to become firm, or established, and firmly rooted or founded: see, below, أَصْلُ مَالٍ, and مَالٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ]. (M and K in art. اثل.) b2: أصّل الأُصُولَ [He disposed, arranged, distributed, classified, or set in order, the fundamentals, fundamental articles, principles, elements, or rudiments, of a science, &c.,] is a phrase similar to بَوَّبَ الأَبْوَابَ and رَتَّبَ الرُّتَبَ. (TA.) 4 آصل, (inf. n. إِيصَالٌ, TA,) He entered upon the time called أَصِيل, q. v. (S, M, K.) A2: See also أَصَلَهُ عِلْمًا.5 تأصّل: see 1, first sentence, in two places.10 استأصل: see 1, in two places, first and second sentences.

A2: استأصلهُ He uprooted it; unrooted it; eradicated it; extirpated it; pulled it up, or out, or off, from its root, or foundation, or lowest part, (S, TA,) or with its roots, or foundations, or lowest parts;; (TA;) he cut it off (M, Msb) from its root, or lowest part, (M,) or with its roots, or lowest parts. (Msb.) Yousay, اِسْتَأْصَلَ اللّٰهُ شَأْفَتَهُمْ, a precative phrase, meaning May God [extirpate or] remove (from them) their شأفة; which is an ulcer, or a purulent pustule, that comes forth in the foot, and is cauterized, and in consequence goes away: (M:) or استأصل شأفتهم [in general usage] means he extirpated them, or may he extirpate them; or he cut off, or may he cut off, the last remaining of them. (TA. [See also art. شأف.]) and استأصل القَوْمَ, i. e. قَطَعَ أَصْلَهُمْ [He cut off the root, race, or stock, of the people; i. e. he extirpated them]. (M.) And استأصل اللّٰهُ الكُفَّارَ God destroyed altogether or entirely, or may God destroy altogether or entirely, the unbelievers. (Msb.) And استأصل الخِتَانَ He performed the circumcision so as to remove the prepuce utterly. (TA in art. سحت.) أَصْلٌ The lower, or lowest, part of a thing; [i. e. its root, bottom, or foot;] (M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ يَأْصُولٌ: (M, K:) so of a mountain: and of a wall; (TA;) i. e. its foundation, or base: (Msb:) and of a tree [or plant]; (TA;) i. e. [its stem, or trunk, or stock, or] the part from which the branches are broken off: (TA in art. كسر:) [and also its root, or foot; for] the سَاق of a tree is said to be the part between its أَصْل and the place where its branches shoot out: (TA in art. سوق:) [and a stump of a tree: and hence, a block of wood: (see exs. voce نَقِيرٌ:)] pl. أُصُولٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and [pl. of pauc.] آصُلٌ: (AHn, K:) [ISd says that] the former is its only pl.: (M:) [but] the latter pl. occurs in a verse of Lebeed, (which see below,) as cited by AHn. (TA.) You say, قَعَدَ فِى أَصْلِ جَبَلِ He sat upon, or at, the lowest part [&c.] of the mountain; and فِى أَصْلِ الحَائِطِ at the lowest part [&c.] of the wall. (TA.) And قَلَعَهُ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ [He pulled it up, or out, or off, from its root, or foundation, or lowest part]; and بأُصُولِهِ [with its roots, or foundations, or lowest parts; both meaning, utterly, entirely, or altogether]. (TA in explanation of استأصلهُ, q. v.) And قَلَعَ أَصْلَ الشَّجَرَةِ He pulled up, or out, the lowest part, [or stem or stock or root or foot or stump,] of the tree. (TA.) Lebeed says, [of a wild cow,] تَجْتَافُ آصُلَ قَالِصٍ مُتَنَبِّذٍ
بِعُجُوبِ أَنْقَآءٍ يَمِيلُ هَيَامُهَا [She enters into the midst of the stems of trees with high branches, apart from others, i. e. from other trees, in the hinder parts of sand-hills, the fine loose sand thereof inclining upon her]: (AHn, TA:) but as some relate it, أَصْلًا قَالِصًا. (TA. [See EM, p. 161.]) b2: A thing upon which another thing is built or founded [either properly or tropically]: (KT, Kull p. 50, TA:) the foundation, or basis, of a thing, [either properly or tropically,] which being imagined to be taken away, or abstracted, by its being taken away, or abstracted, the rest thereof becomes also taken away, or abstracted: (Er-Rághib, TA:) that upon which the existence of anything rests [or depends]; so the father is اصل to the offspring, and the river is اصل to the streamlet that branches off from it: (Msb:) or a thing upon which another thing depends as a branch; as the father in relation to the son: (Kull:) [i. e. the origin, source, beginning, or commencement, of a thing: the origin, original, root, race, or stock, from which a man springs. Hence شَىْءٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ A thing having root, or a foundation; and consequently, having rootedness, fixedness, im-mobility, stability, or permanence; rooted, fixed, immoveable, stable, or permanent. Whence,] مَالٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, (Mgh voce عَقَارٌ,) and مِلْكٌ ثَابِتٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, (Msb in explanation of that word,) and مَا لَهُ أَصْلٌ, (KT in explanation of the same,) [Real, or immoveable, property;] property such as consists in a house or land yielding a revenue; (Mgh;) or such as a house and palm-trees; (Msb;) or such as land and a house. (KT.) [Hence, also, أَصْلٌ مَالٍ signifying A source of wealth or profit; a stock, fund, capital, or principal. You say,] اِتَّخَذْتُهُ لِنَفْسِى أَصْلَ مَالٍلِلنَّسْلِ لَا لِلِتِّجَارَةِ [I took it for myself as a source of wealth or profit, for breeding, not for traffic]. (Mgh in art. قنو.) You say also, بَاعَ أَصْلَ أَرْضِهِ [meaning He sold the fundamental property, i. e. the property itself, of his land]. (S voce عِكْرٌ.) [See also an ex. in conjugation 4 in art. بقَى: and another in the first paragraph of art. حبس.] And أَخَذَهُ بِأَصْلِهِ [He took it as it were with its root, or the like; meaning, entirely]. (K. [See أَصِيلَةٌ.]) and قَطَعَ أَصْلَهُمْ [He cut off their root, race, or stock; i. e. he extirpated them]. (M.) and فُلَانٌ فِى أَصْلِ صِدْقِ, (S and L in art. ضنأ,) and فِى أَصْلِ سُوْءٍ, (L ibid.,) Such a one is of an excel-lent origin, or race, or stock, (S, L,) and of a bad origin, or race, or stock; (L;) اصل being here syn. with ضِنْء (S, L) and مَعْدِن. (S.) and فُلَانٌ فِى أَصْلِ الكَرَمِ Such a one is of [a race] the source of generosity, or nobleness; اصل being here syn. with بُؤْبُؤ. (S in art. بأ.) And لَا أَصْلَ لَهُ وَ لَا فَصْلَ He has no حَسَب [i. e. grounds of pretension to respect or honour; or rank, or nobility, or the like]; nor tongue [i. e. eloquence]: (Ks, S, O, Msb:) or he has no intellect, (IAar, Msb, El-Munáwee,) nor eloquence: (El-Munáwee, TA:) or he has no lineage, nor tongue: (L:) or he has no father, nor child: (Kull p. 53:) [or he has no known stock nor branch; for] فَصْلٌ is the contr. of أَصْلٌ, and in relationship signifies a branch. (Msb in art. فصل.) You say also, مَا فَعَلْتُهُ أَصْلًا, meaning I have not done it ever; and I will not do it ever; the last word being in the accus. case as an adverbial noun; i. e. I have not done it at any time; and I will not do it at any time. (Msb, El-Munáwee, TA.) b3: [It also signifies The original, or elemental, matter, material, substance, or part, of a thing; syn. with عُنْصُرٌ;] that from which a thing is taken [or made]. (KT voce دَاخِلٌ.) b4: [The fundamental, or essential, part of a thing. Hence, sing. of أُصُولٌ as signifying The fundamentals, fundamental articles or dogmas, principles, elements, or rudiments, of a science &c. Whence,] عِلْمُ الأُصُولِ, (TA,) [meaning] عِلْمُ

أُصُولِ الدِّينِ [The science of the fundamentals, fundamental articles or dogmas, or principles, of religion; the science of theology, or divinity; according to the system of the Muslims, as distinguished from that of the philosophers;] the science of the articles, or tenets, of belief; also called الفِقْهُ الأَكْبَرُ; (Kull. voce فِقْه;) and [more commonly] عِلْمُ الكَلَامِ. (Hájjee Khaleefeh.) [See also 2.] b5: A radical (as opposed to an augmentative) letter; as being an essential element of a word. (The Lexicons passim.) b6: The original form of a word. (The same passim.) b7: The original, or primary, signification of a word. (The same passim.) b8: An original copy of a book: and a copy of a book from which one quotes, or transcribes, any portion. (TA, &c., passim.) b9: [The original, or primary, state, or condition: or] the old state, or condition. (Kull p. 50.) You say, الأَصْلُ فِى الأَشْيَآءِ الإِبَاحَةُ وَ الطَّهَارَةُ The old state, or condition, of things is that of being allowable, or lawful, and that of being pure, or clean. (Kull ubi suprà.) And رَجَعَتْ إِلَى أَصْلِهَا She returned, or reverted, [to her original, or old, state, or condition; or to her natural disposition;] to a natural disposition which she had relinquished. (S voce عِتْرٌ.) b10: [The utmost point, or degree, to which a person, or thing, can go, or be brought or reduced: and, app., the utmost that one can do. Hence the saying,] لَأَضْطَرَّنَّكَ إِلَى أَصْلِكَ [I will assuredly impel thee, or drive thee, against thy will, to the utmost point to which thou canst go, or be brought or reduced: or, constrain thee to do thine utmost]. (IAar in L, art. قح [where it is given in explanation of the phrases لَأَضْطَرَّنَّكَ and قُحَاحِكَ; and so in the T in art. تر in explanation of the former of these two phrases; which is said in the M, in art. تر, to mean I will assuredly make thee to have recourse to thine utmost effort, or endeavour; and in the L in art. قح this is given as another explanation of the latter of the same two phrases. See also the saying, لَأُلْجِئَنَّكَ إِلَى قُرِّ قَرَارِكَ, explained voce قَرَارٌ.]) b11: [That by being which a thing is what it is, or in being which it consists; or its ultimate constituent; syn. حَقِيقَةٌ; a meaning well known; and indicated, in the A and TA, by the coupling of حَقِيقَة with أَصْل, evidently as an explicative adjunct.] b12: [The prime of a thing; the principal, purest, best, or choicest, part thereof; what is, or constitutes, the most essential part thereof; its very essence. Hence,] أَصْلُ دَارٍ [The principal part of a country]; (As, S, Msb, K, voce عَقْرٌ;) [which is] the place where the people dwell, or abide. (As and S ibid. [See عَقْرٌ.]) And أَصْلٌ قَوْمٍ [The principal place of abode of a people]. (S and K voce بَيْضَةٌ. [See this word.]) and هُوَ فِى أَصْلِ قَوْمِهِ He is of the prime, or of the purest in race, the best, or the choicest, of his people; i. q. صُيَّابَتِهِمْ, and صُيَّابِهِمْ. (TA in art. صيب.) b13: What is most fit, or proper: as when one says, الأَصْلُ فِى الإِنْسَانِ العِلْمُ [What is most fit, or proper, in man, is knowledge]; i. e., knowledge is more fit, or proper, than ignorance: and الأَصْلُ فِى المُبْتَدَإِ التَّقْدِيمُ What is [most] fit, or proper, in the case of the inchoative, is the putting [it] before [the enunciative], whenever there is no obstacle. (Kull p.50.) b14: What is preponderant in relation to what is preponderated: as, in language, the word used in its proper sense [in relation to that used in a tropical sense]. (Kull ibid.) b15: What is [essential, or] requisite, or needful: as when one says الأَصْلُ فِى الحَيَوَانِ الغِذَآءُ [What is essential, or requisite, or needful, in the case of the animal, is food]. (Kull ibid.) b16: A [primary, or] universal, or general, rule, or canon. (Kull ibid.) b17: An indication, an evidence, or a proof, in relation to that which is indicated, or evidenced, or proved. (Kull ibid.) أَصَلٌ: see its n. un., أَصَلَةٌ

أَصِلٌ, (K,) or ↓ أَصِيلٌ, (M,) i. q. ↓ مُسْتَأْصِلٌ. (M, K.) You say قَلْعٌ أَصِلٌ Eradicating, or extirpating, evulsion: (TA:) or ↓ قَطْعٌ أَصِيلٌ extirpating excision. (M.) أُصُلٌ, said by some to be a pl., and by others to be a dial. var., of أَصِيلٌ: see the latter word, in two places.

أَصَلَةٌ: see أَصِيلَةٌ.

A2: Also A kind of serpent, the most malignant, or noxious, of serpents: (S:) or a serpent, (M, K,) short, (M, [where, in the only copy to which I have access, I find added, كَالرِئَةِ, app. a mistranscription, for كَالرُّمَّةِ, like the fragment of a rope,]) or small, (K,) red, but not intensely red, (M,) very deadly, of the most malignant, or noxious, kind, (TA,) having one leg, upon which it stands, (M, TA,) then turns round, then springs, (TA,) that springs upon a man, and blows, killing everything upon which it blows: (M:) or, as some say, a great serpent, (M, K,) that kills by its blowing: (K:) or one of the very crafty kinds of serpents, short and broad, said to be like the shaft of an arrow, and it springs upon the horseman: (Msb:) pl. ↓ أَصَلٌ, (S, M. Msb, K,) [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] and [pl. of pauc.] آصَالٌ. (Msb.) b2: [Hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) Short and broad: applied to a man and to a woman. (TA.) أَصْلِىٌّ [Radical; fundamental; primitive; original; underived: an epithet of extensive application; and particularly applied to a letter of a word, as opposed to augmentative; and to a signification]. (The Lexicons &c. passim.) أَصْلِيَّةٌ [The quality denoted by the epithet أَصْلِىٌّ; radicalness, &c.:] a term used by IJ [and others] in the place of تَأَصُّلٌ: see 5. (M.) أَصِيلٌ [Having root, or a foundation; and consequently, having rootedness, fixedness, immobility, stability, or permanence; rooted, fixed, immoveable, stable, or permanent]. You say, إِنَّ النَّخْلَ فِى أَرْضِنَا لَأَصِيلٌ Verily the palm-trees in our land remain permanently, not perishing. (A, TA.) b2: A man having أَصْل, (K, TA,) i. e., lincage, or pedigree: (TA:) or established in his أَصْل: (Abu-l-BaKà, TA:) or noble, or generous. (Msb.) b3: A man firm of judgment, and intelligent. (M, K.* [Accord. to the copies of the latter, the signification is عَاقِبٌ ثَابِتُ الرَّأْىِ: but I think that the right reading of the first word is عَاقِلٌ, as in the M, in which this word occupies the last place in the explanation.]) And أَصِيلُ الرَّأْىِ A man firm, or sound, of judgment. (S.) and رَأْىٌ أَصِيلٌ Judgment having أَصْل [i. e. firmness]. (M.) And مَجْدٌ أَصِيلٌ Glory, honour, dignity, or nobility, having a firm root or foundation. (S.) And شَرٌّ أَصِيلٌ Vehement evil or mischief. (Ibn-'Abbád.) A2: See also أَصِلٌ, in two places. b2: [Hence, app.,] الأَصِيلُ Destruction: and death: as also, in both senses, ↓ الأَصِيلَةُ. (K.) A3: [The evening; or] i. q. عَشِىٌّ; (M, K, Msb, TA;) i. e. (Msb, TA) the time from the عَصْر, (S, TA,) from the prayer of the عصر, (Msb,) to sunset; (Sudot;, Msb, TA;) as also ↓ أَصِيلَةٌ: (R, TA:) the pl. is أُصُلٌ, (S, M, R, Msb, K,) or ↓ this is a sing., (TA,) or it may be a sing., (M,) for it is used as such, (M, TA,) and أُصْلَانٌ, (S, M, K,) and آصَالٌ, (S, M, Sgh, K,) [a pl. of pauc.,] or, accord. to Es-Saláh Es-Safadee, this is a pl. of أُصُلٌ, the sing., not the pl., (TA,) or it is pl. of أُصُلٌ, (Zj, M,) which may be a pl. or a sing., (M,) and أَصَائِلُ, (S, M, K,) as though pl. of أَصِيلَةٌ, (S,) or it is pl. of this last word. (R, TA.) You say, لَقِيتُهُ أَصِيلًا and ↓ أُصُلًا, i. e. [I met him in the evening,] عَشِيًّا. (A, TA.) From the pl. أُصْلَانُ is formed the dim.

↓ أُصَيْلَانٌ, (S, M, K,) which is extr., (M, K,) because the dim. of a pl. is [regularly] formed only from a pl. of pauc., which اصلان is not; or, if اصلان be a sing., like رُمَّانٌ and قُرْبَانٌ, this dim. is regular: (M:) sometimes, (K,) one says also ↓ أُصَيْلَالٌ, (S, M, K,) substituting ل for the [final] ن (S, M.*) You say, ↓لَقِيتُهُ أُصَيْلَانًا and ↓ أُصَيْلَالًا, meaning, as above, عَشِيًّا: (A, TA:) and Lh mentions ↓ لقيته أُصَيَّالًا. (So in two copies of the S.) أَصيلَةٌ A man's whole property: (M, K:) or his palm-trees: (K, TA: in the CK his palmtree:) thus in the dial. of El-Hijáz. (O, TA.) b2: أَخَذَهُ بِأَصِيلَتِهِ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ بِأَصَلَتِهِ, (IAar, M, K,) He took it altogether, (S, M, K,) [as it were] with its root, (S, M,) not leaving aught of it. (TA.) And جَاؤُوا بِأَصِيلَتِهِمْ They came altogether; the whole of them. (S, Z.) A2: لِفُلَانٍ أَرْضٌ أَصِيلَةٌ To such a one belongs land long possessed, or inherited from his parents, by means of which he has his living: a phrase of the people of Et-Táïf. (TA.) A3: See also أَصِيلٌ, in two places.

أُصُولِى One skilled in the science termed عِلْمٌ الأُصُولِ: see أَصْلٌ. (TA.) لَقِيتُهُ أُصَيَّالًا: see أَصِيلٌ, last sentence.

أُصَيْلَانٌ and أُصَيلَالٌ: see أَصِيلٌ, in four places, last two sentences.

لَقِيتُهُ مُؤْصِلًا I met him entering upon the time called the أَصِيل. (TA.) And أَتَيْنَا مُؤْصِلِينَ We came entering upon the time so called. (S.) أَصْلٌ مُؤَصَّلٌ [ A root, or foundation, or the like, made firm, or fixed, or established]. (S.) [See also أَصِيلٌ.]

شَاةٌ مُسْتَأْصَلَةٌ A sheep, or goat, whose horn has been taken from its root. (TA.) مُسْتَأْصِلٌ: see أَصِلٌ.

يَأْصُولٌ: see أَصْلٌ, first sentence.

سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَلَامَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِسَلَامَتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with السَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الإِسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الإِسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from السَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ السَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الإِسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الإِسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِسَلَامَتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) السُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو السَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو السَّلَامَةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ السَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَةٌ [the most usual inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَى and سُلَامَيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلاميات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلاميات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (السَّلَامَة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الإِسْلَامُ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الإِسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِسْلَامِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِسْلَامِىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الإِسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الإِسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

(س ل م) : (سَلِمَ) مِنْ الْآفَاتِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ أَيْ خَلَصَتْ وَبِمَصْدَرِهِ سُمِّيَتْ (سَلَّامَةُ) بِنْتُ مَعْقِلٍ أَمَةُ الْحُتَاتِ بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ وَالتَّاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَتَيْنِ مِنْ فَوْقَ وَقِيلَ بِالْبَاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَةٍ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (وَبِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ) مِنْهُ سُمِّيَ سَالِمُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ (وَبِفَعَّالِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ وَأَبِي نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ (وَبِفَعْلَانَ مِنْهُ) سُمِّيَ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةِ (وَسَلْمَانُ) أَيْضًا حَيٌّ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ إلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ مِنْ التَّابِعِينَ وَالْمُحَدِّثُونَ عَلَى التَّحْرِيكِ وَأَنْكَرَهُ السِّيرَافِيُّ (وَأَمَّا سُلَيْمَانُ) فَأَعْجَمِيٌّ (وَالسَّلَمُ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْعِضَاهِ (وَبِوَاحِدَتِهِ) سُمِّيَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ (وَكُنِّيَ) أَبُو سَلَمَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ (وَقَوْلُهُ) السُّلَّمُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْبَيْعِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِكْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ يَعْنِي: الْمِعْرَاجَ وَهُوَ مَا يُعْرَجُ فِيهِ وَيُرْتَقَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ يُؤَنَّثُ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ يُقَالُ هِيَ السُّلَّمُ وَهُوَ السُّلَّمُ وَالْجَمْع السَّلَالِيمُ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - سُمِّيَ بِهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ يُسَلِّمُك إلَى حَيْثُ تُرِيدُ (وَأَسْلَمَ الثَّوْبَ) إلَى الْخَيَّاطِ وَأَسْلَمَ فِي الْبُرِّ أَسْلَفَ مِنْ السَّلَمِ وَأَصْلُهُ أَسْلَمَ الثَّمَنَ فِيهِ فَحُذِفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ (مِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ إذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِي لَبْدٍ أَوْ شَعْرًا فِي مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ وَسَلَّمَ إلَيْهِ وَدِيعَتَهُ تَسْلِيمًا (وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ) لَا يَتِمُّ الرَّهْنُ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّاهِنُ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجَ مَنْ الدَّارِ سَلَّمْتُكَهَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الْجَارِّ فَسَهْوٌ (وَالسَّلَامُ) اسْمٌ مِنْ التَّسْلِيمِ كَالْكَلَامِ مِنْ التَّكْلِيمِ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَكَذَا سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ عَنْ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ أَبُو زَيْنَبَ وَكَانَ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَيُنْشَدُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ
سَقَانِي فَرَوَانِي كُمَيْتًا مُدَامَةً ... عَلَى ظَمَإٍ مِنِّي سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمِ
وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ تَنَاوَلَهُ بِالْيَدِ أَوْ بِالْقُبْلَةِ أَوْ مَسَحَهُ بِالْكَفِّ مِنْ السَّلِمَةِ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَهِيَ الْحَجَرُ (وَبِهَا سُمِّيَ) بَنُو سَلِمَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ.

(سلم) - فيَ الحديث: "ما من آدمي إلا ومَعَه شيطان. قيل: ومَعَك؟
قال: نعم، ولكن الله تَعَالى أَعانَني عليه، فأَسْلَمُ"
وفي رواية: "حتَّى أَسْلَم".
: أي انْقادَ وكَفَّ عن وَسْوَسَتِى. وقيل: دَخَل في الإسْلام، فسَلِمتُ من شَرِّه.

خرز

1 خَرَزَ, aor. ـِ and خَرُزَ, inf. n. خَرْزٌ, He sewed (Msb, K, TA) a skin, or hide, (Msb, TA,) or a boot, &c. (S, A, K.) You say, كَلَامُ فُلَانٍ

كَخَرْزِ الإِمَآءِ [The language of such a one is like the female slaves' sewing of skins]; i. e., [its ornaments, lit.] its pearls, and its cowries, are far apart. (A, TA.) خَرَزٌ [a coll. gen. n.,] a word of well-known meaning, (Msb,) [i.e., Beads;] what are strung: (S:) a thing that is hung [or rather things that are hung] upon the neck, made of coloured stone, red and green: (Har p. 431:) or gems, or similar stones, both good and bad: (JK:) [also factitious gems, and the like: (see فُسَيْفِسَآءُ as explained in the K &c:)] n. un. خَرَزَةٌ: (S, Msb:) the latter signifying [a single bead;] what is strung: (K:) and also, (i.e. the latter,) a gem, or precious stone, (K, TA,) such [for instance] as is set in a ring, whether good or bad: (TA:) pl. of the latter, خَرَزَاتٌ. (TA.) Hence, خَرَزَاتُ المَلِكِ, (S, K,) and المُلْكِ, (S, A,) The gems of the king's crown: when the king had reigned a year, a خَرَزَة was added to his crown, in order that the number of the years of his reign might be known: (S, K:) such is said to have been the case. (S.) You say, أُوتِىَ خَرَزَاتِ المُلْكِ سِتِّينَ حِجَّةً (tropical:) [meaning He reigned sixty years: lit., he received the gems of the crown sixty years]. (A.) b2: خَرَزَةُ العَيْنِ signifies The حَدَقَة [or lens] of the eye. (TA in art. حدق) b3: And خَرَزٌ is also applied to The small shells called وَدَع. (S* and K* and TA in art. ودع.) b4: It also signifies (tropical:) The vertebræ of the back, (S, A, TA,) and of the neck: each one is called خَرَزَةٌ: which latter is also explained as meaning (tropical:) what is between two vertebræ. (TA.) خَرْزَةٌ, with fet-h, A single puncture [or stitchhole, made in sewing a skin or a boot; and so خُرْزَةٌ]; syn. غَرْزَةٌ. (TA.) خُرْزَةٌ i. q. كُتْبَةٌ; (S, K;) A seam, or suture, in a skin, or hide, (KL, PS, TK, *) or in a boot, &c.; (PS;) [app. made by sewing together two edges so that one laps over the other: and app. also a single stitch in such a seam;] what is between two punctures; i. e., every puncture with its thread: (TA:) also, a puncture, or stitch-hole, in a skin [&c.]: (TA voce وَذَابٌ: [its pl. being there said to be syn. with خُرَبٌ, pl. of خُرْبَةٌ: and this last meaning, (for evidences of the correctness of which see أَتْمٌ and أَتُومٌ and خُصْفَةٌ &c.,) common to it and to خَرْزَةٌ, it perhaps bears in exs. here following:]) and any round perforation: (JM:) pl. خُرَزٌ (S, K) [and app. خُرُوزٌ, which see below].

اِجْمَعْ سَيْرَيْنِ فِى خُرْزَةٍ [lit, Conjoin thou two thongs in a single seam, or stick, or puncture,] is a prov., meaning (tropical:) accomplish thou two wants at once. (TA.) And you say to him who seeks to attain two wants together, سَيْرَيْنِ فِى خُرْزَةٍ [lit., Wilt thou conjoin two thongs in a single seam, or stitch, or puncture? the first word being in the accus. case because أَتَجْمَعُ is understood]. (A, TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The foramen podicis: and (assumed tropical:) the foramen vaginæ. (TA voce خُرْبَةٌ.) خَرَزَةٌ; pl. خَرَزَاتٌ: n. un. of خَرَزٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb, TA.) خُرُوزُ السَّفِينَةِ [The seams of the ship: خُرُوزٌ being app. a pl. of خُرْزَةٌ, like as خُرُوبٌ is a pl. of خُرْبَةٌ]. (K voce جَمَّةٌ q. v.) خِرَازَةٌ The art, or occupation, of sewing [skins, or hides, or] boots, &c. (A, K.) خَرَّازٌ A sewer of [skins, or hides, or] boots, &c. (S, A.) مِخْرَزٌ [and vulg. ↓ مِخْرَازٌ] The instrument [i. e. the needle, or awl,] with which one sews [skins, or hides, or] boots, &c. (S, K.) مُخَرَّزٌ Any bird, (A, K,) as a pigeon &c., (TA,) having upon its wings marks resembling خَرَز [or beads]. (A, K, TA.) مِخْرَازٌ: see مِخْرَزٌ.

سوع

1 سَاعَتِ الإِبِلُ, aor. ـُ (S, K,) inf. n. سَوْعٌ, (S,) The camels were left to themselves, (S, K,) without a pastor; (K;) as also ساعت with تَسِيعُ for its aor. and سَيْعٌ for its inf. n. (Sh.) 3 عَامَلَهُ مُسَاوَعَةً [He bargained with him for work by, or for, the hour,] is from السَّاعَةُ, like مُيَاوَمَةً from اليَوْمُ. (S, K. [See also the last sentence of the second paragraph of art. سعى.]) [It is added in the S, that neither of them is used otherwise than thus: but accord. to SM one says also,] ساوعهُ, inf. n. سِوَاعٌ, He hired him, or took him as a hireling, for the hour. (TA.) 4 اساعهُ He left to himself, or itself, left alone, or neglected, and lost, or destroyed, him, or it. (K.) Er-Rághib says, [but why, I do not well see,] that the meaning of neglecting, or the like, is imagined as derived from السَّاعَةُ. (TA.) You say, أَسَعْتُ الإِبِلَ I left the camels to themselves, left them alone, or neglected them. (S.) And رُبَّ نَاقَةٍ تُسِيعُ وَلَدَهَا حَتَّى تَأْكُلَهُ السِّبَاعُ, meaning [Scarce, or many, a she-camel] leaves to itself, or leaves alone, or neglects, her young one [so that the beasts of prey devour it]. (TA.) [See also 4 in art. سيع.]

A2: أَسْوَعَ He (a man, Zj) passed from سَاعَة to سَاعَة [i. e. time to time, or hour to hour]; (Zj, K;) as also اساع, inf. n. إِسَاعَةٌ: (Zj, TA:) or he remained behind, or held back, or delayed, for a سَاعَة [i. e. a time, or an hour]. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) سَاعٌ: see سَاعَةٌ, in two places.

سَوْعٌ and ↓ سُوَاعٌ i. q. هدْءٌ, as used in the phrase, جَآءَنَا بَعْدَ سَوْعٍ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ [He came to us after a period, or portion, of the night; or after about a third or fourth part of the night had elapsed, when men were asleep, or at rest, and the night, and the foot of the passenger, were still; or after a third part of the night]: (S, K: *) or this phrase means he come to us after a سَاعَة [i. e. a short period, or an hour,] of the night. (TA.).

سَاعَةٌ [An hour;] one of the divisions of the night and the day; (Lth, K, TA;) both of which together consist of four and twenty of those divisions; each of them, when they are of equal length, consisting of twelve such divisions; (TA;) [also termed سَاعَةٌ فَلَكِيَّةٌ (an astronomical hour; fifteen دَرَجَات of time; sixty minutes of time;) because ساعة alone is often used in a vague sense, as meaning what is termed سَاعَةٌ زَمَانِيَّةٌ; i. e.] a time of night or of day: but used absolutely by the Arabs as meaning a time; a while; a space, or period; an indefinite [short] time; and a little while; (Msb;) a [short or] little portion, or division, [or space, or period,] of the night and of the day: (TA:) and السَّاعَةُ signifies the pre-sent time: (S, K:) pl. سَاعَاتٌ and ↓ سَاعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) [or the latter is rather a coll. gen. n. of which ساعة is the n. un.,] and سِوَاعٌ. (Msb.) It is used unrestricted in the Kur [vii. 32 and in other places], where it is said, لَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ سَاعَةً (Msb) They will not remain behind (Bd) for a time, or any while, (Msb,) or the shortest time: or they shall not seek to remain behind, by reason of intense terror. (Bd.) And so in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ رَاحَ فِى السَّاعَةِ الأُولَى Whoso goeth in the first time; not in the first astronomical ساعة, for then it would necessarily mean that he who should come in the latter part thereof would be on a par with the former person, which is not the case. (Msb.) [سَاعَةً signifies, as shown above, For, or during, an hour: and awhile; for a little while; during a short time; as in the phrase,] جَلَسْتُ عِنْدَكَ سَاعَةً I sat with thee, or at thine abode, for a little while, or during a short time. (TA.) [And فِى سَاعَةٍ, In a short time: in a moment. And السَّاعَةَ, Now: just now: this moment. And سَاعَتَئِذٍ, Then; at that time: or in that hour.] And مُذْ سَاعَةٌٍ [A little while ago;] in the first time near to us: (K in art. انف:) or this signifies السَّاعَةَ [expl. above]. (Zj, T and M in art. انف.) [And مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ At the moment thereof; instantly. Hence, سَمَّ سَاعَةٍ An instantaneous poison.] b2: السَّاعَةُ also signifies (tropical:) The resurrection; (S, K, TA;) the raising of mankind for the reckoning; also termed السَّاعَةُ الكُبْرَى: (Er-Rághib, B:) or the time thereof: (K:) because of the quickness with which its reckoning will be accomplished: (TA:) or because it will come suddenly upon mankind, in a moment, and all creatures will die at one cry. (Zj, Az, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [liv. 1], اِقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ (tropical:) The resurrection [or the time thereof] hath drawn nigh. (Jel, TA.) And [in vii. 186 and lxxix. 42,] يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ (tropical:) They ask thee concerning the resurrection [or the time thereof]. (Bd, Jel, TA.) And [in xxxi. last verse and xliii. 85,] عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ (tropical:) With Him is the knowledge of the resurrection, (TA,) or of the time thereof. (Bd, Jel.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The death of one generation; termed, for distinction, السَّاعَةُ الوُسْطَى: as in the saying of Mohammad, when he saw 'AbdAllah Ibn-Uneys, إِنْ يَطُلْ عُمْرُ هٰذَا الغُلَامِ لَمْ يَمُتْ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ (assumed tropical:) [If the life of this boy last long, he will not die until the death of the generation shall come to pass]: accordingly it is said that he was the last that died of the Companions. (Er-Rághib, B.) b4: Also (assumed tropical:) The death of any man; termed, for distinction, السَّاعَةُ الصُّغْرَى: as in the Kur [vi. 31], قَدْ خَسِرَ الَّذَينَ كَذَّبُوا بِلِقَآءِ اللّٰهِ حَتَّى إِذَا جَآءَتْهُمُ السَّاٰعَةُ بَغْتَةً (assumed tropical:) [They have suffered loss who disbelieved in, or denied as false, the meeting with God until, when death came to them suddenly]. (Er-Rághib, B) b5: Also (assumed tropical:) Difficulty, distress, or affliction; and so ↓ السَّاعُ. (TA.) b6: And (assumed tropical:) Distance, or remoteness. (TA.) A2: See also سَائِعٌ.

سَاعَةٌ سَوْعَآءُ A severe, grievous, or distressing [hour or time]; (S, K;) like the phrase لَيْلَةٌ لَيْلَآءُ. (S.) سُوَاعٌ: see سَوْعٌ.

A2: Also, (S, K, [in the CK erroneously without tenween,]) and سَوَاعٌ, (Kh, K,) A certain idol (S, K) which belonged to the people of Noah, (S,) in whose time it was worshipped; then the deluge buried it, but Iblees exhumed it, and it was worshipped [again]; (K;) so says Lth; (TA;) then it became the property of [the tribe of] Hudheyl, (S, K,) and was at Ruhát, (S,) and pilgrimage was performed to it: (S, K:) or it belonged to [the tribe of] Hemdán: (Bd, TA:) Abu-l-Mundhir says, I have not heard the mention of it in the poems of Hudheyl: but one of the Arabs, in verse, mentions Hudheyl as paying devotion to it: (TA:) it is said that it had the form of a woman: (Har p. 362:) [if so, as a fem. proper name, it would be without tenween: but] it is mentioned in the Kur [lxxi. 22, and is there with tenween]. (TA.) [See also وَدٌّ.]

هُوَ ضَائِعٌ سَائِعٌ He is left to himself, left alone, or neglected. (S, * K, * TA.) ↓ سَاعَةٌ [is pl. of سَائِعٌ; and also signifies] In a state of perdition or destruction; perishing; or dying; in a pl. sense; like جَاعَةٌ as signifying جِيَاعٌ, (K,) and طَاعَةٌ as signifying مُطِيعُونَ. (TA.) مُسِيعٌ: see the following paragraph.

مِسْيَاعٌ A she-camel that leaves her young one so that the beasts of prey devour it: (Sh, K:) or a she-camel that goes away in the place of pasturing: (S:) belonging to this art. and to art. سيع, q. v. (K.) You say also, رَجُلٌ مِضْيَاعٌ مِسْيَاعٌ لِلْمَالِ [A man who is wont to neglect the camels or the like; or to leave them to themselves, or alone; or to lose them]; and accord. to A'Obeyd, مُضِيعٌ

↓ مُسِيعٌ. (S.)

بشر: بَشَر الأديم: قشر وجهه - وبشر الكتابة: حكها لإزالتها من الورقة، ومحا الكلمات بممحاة، وكذلك شطب عليها بالقلم لطمسها (رسالة إلى فليشر ص79 - 81، المعجم اللاتيني، فوك).
بَشّر (بالتضعيف): كافأ من أخبره بخبر سار (الكالا). بشّر بالردى: أنذر بالهلاك، وتوقع الشر (بوشر). - وسايف، لعب بالسيف (الكالا).
باشر: لامس (رسالة إلى فليشر 210) مثل ما يقال: باشر الماء بعضوه للطهارة. (تاريخ البربر 2: 425) ويقال: يباشر الهواء برأسه كالمتداوى به لصحته (البكري 24).
وباشر: عني بالشيء واهتم وقام بالأمر (بوشر) - وباشر دعوة: عني بها واهتم (بوشر) - وباشر الأمر: تولاه بنفسه واهتم به (بوشر) - وباشر الشيء بنفسه: فعله بنفسه من غير وساطة (بوشر) - وباشر قبض المال: قبضه بنفسه (تاريخ البربر 1: 440) - وباشر: تعهد بعمل على أن ينفذه حسب الشروط (بوشر).
باشر الاستادارية: تولى منصب أستاذ الدار (مملوك 1، 1: 57).
وباشر فلاناً: اتصل به (المقدمة 1: 248، 2: 317، تاريخ البربر 1: 483، 484، 2: 512).
وباشره: حاول قتله بنفسه، ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 430): اقتحموا عليه الدار وباشره مولاه محمد بن سيد الناس فطعنه واشواء.
تَبشّر: فرح وتهلل، (ديوان الهذليين 222) انبشر: مطاوع بشر (فوك).
استبشر: لا يقال استبشر فقط (لين، فوك) بل يقال أيضاً: استبشر بفلان، ففي حيان - بسام (1: 30ق): فلما وصل إليه أظهر الاستبشار به (كليلة ودمنة ص15)
بِشْر: واد ينتج أعشاباً تؤكل غير مطبوخة: أي لا ينتج إلا أعشاباً لا قيمة لها. والمرء يتساءل إذا كان هذا التفسير الذي فسره به دي ساسي في منتخبات من أدب العرب (2: 484) صحيحاً.
بَشَر: يقال: العقوبة على الأبشار، أي على ظاهر جلد الإنسان - وضرب الابشار: جلدها بالسياط (معجم البلاذري).
البشر = البشريون: الإنسان ذكراً كان أو أنثى (معجم أبي الفداء).
بَشَرَة: قشرة، لحاء (معجم الادريسي).
بُشرى: ما يبشر به، الخير المنتظر (بوشر).
بَشَريٌ: جسماني (بوشر) - بشرياً: إنسانياً، حسب ما يطيقه الإنسان (بوشر).
بشير: مبشر وهو من يتقدم الشخص ويخبر بقدومه (بوشر).
وبشير الحوت: بشرته وهي إفلاس السمك (دومب 69).
بشارة: بشرى، ما يبشر بحدوث شيء (بوشر).
وبشارة: سفارة (هلو). مباشر: قيم، ناظر، وكيل (همبرت 207، بشائر الأثمار: بواكيرها وأوائلها (بوشر). وقولهم: دُقَّت البشائر أو ضُرِبت البشائر (انظر دي ساسي مختارات 1: 91، مملوك 2، 1: 148) فإن بشائر ليست فيما أرى جمع بشيرة كما يرى فريتاج، بل جمع بشارة. وعيد البشارة عند النصارى. (بوشر لين عادات 2: 363).
بشّار: ذكرها فوك في مادة radere.
بَشّارة: فراشة (همبرت 70، بوشر) وهي بشارة من دون تشديد عند برجرن.
باشورة وجمعها بواشير: حصن بارز، ولئن المشارقة لم يعرفوا الحصون البارزة، فهو بالأحرى حصن مشرف غير منتظم الشكل منعزل عن باقي الموقع.
وهو أيضاً حصن منعزل تعلوه سطيحة يشيد في الأرض الخلاء المكشوفة، لمنع تقدم العدو والتفوق عليه في الحرب (مونج ص252 - 255).
وباشورة: مرقب، محرس (هلو).
تَبْشير: حملة، هجمة بالمسايفة، أو رفع الرمح في أثناء المبارزة (الكالا).
مَبُشِّر: بشير، من يتقدم الشخص يبشر بقدومه (بوشر) - ومُبَشِّر الصيف: الخس وغيره من أحرار البقول (زيشر 11: 521).
المُبَشِّرات: التجلي والكشف عند الأولياء (المقدمة 1: 187). بوشر، مملوك 1، 1: 27، المقري 3: 109، أماري ديب 189) - ومفوض، مندوب تنتدبه الحكومة للقيام بعمل معين (بوشر) - والمباشرون أو الكتاب الأقباط (فانسليب 93).
والمباشر: السفير والرسول (هلو) - ومباشر لطبع كتاب غيره: ناشر الكتاب (بوشر).
ومباشر العسكر: أمين حسابات العسكر الذي يأمر بصرف مرتباتهم (بوشر).
ومعمار مباشر: متعهد، مقاول، الذي يلتزم إنشاء عمارة أو أية بناية (بوشر).
مُبَاشَرَة: عمل المباشر، نظارة، إدارة - تدبير - وتعهد، مقاولة (بوشر).

بشر

1 بَشَرَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ ابشر, (A,) inf. n. إِبْشَارٌ; (K;) He pared (S, A, Msb, K) a hide, (S, A, Msb,) removing its بَشَرَة, (S,) or face, or surface, (A, Msb,) or the skin upon which the hair grew: (TA:) or, as some say, removing its inner part with a large knife: or, accord. to Ibn-Buzurj, some of the Arabs say, بَشَرْتُ الأَدِيمَ, aor. ـِ meaning I removed from the hide its بَشَرَة; and ↓ أَبْشَرْتُهُ as meaning I exposed to view its بَشَرَة that was next to the flesh; and آدَمْتُهُ I exposed to view its أَدَمَة upon which the hair grew. (TA.) [But see أَدَمَةٌ.] b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَنْ أَحَبَّ القُرْآنَ قَلْيَبْشُرْ, accord. to him who recites it thus, with damm to the ش; meaning (assumed tropical:) Whoso loveth the Kur-án, let him make himself light of flesh, [by not eating more than will be sufficient, and so prepare himself] for [reading, or reciting,] it, [like as one prepares a horse for running,] because eating much causes one to forget it. (TA.) b3: Hence also, بَشَرَ الأَرْضَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (S, K,) (assumed tropical:) It (a swarm of locusts) stripped the ground; (TA;) ate what was upon the ground, (S, K,) i. e., upon its surface; as though the exterior of the ground were its بَشَرَة. (TA.) b4: And بَشَرَ, aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He clipped his mustache much, so that the بَشَرَة (i. e. the exterior of the skin, TA) became apparent. (K, TA.) This the Muslim is commanded to do. (TA.) b5: بَشَرَنِى فُلَانٌ بِوَجْهٍ حَسَنٍ Such a one met me with a cheerful countenance. (S.) See also 2, in two places. b6: And see 3.

A2: بَشِرَ, aor. ـَ (IAar, S, Msb, K;) and بَشَرَ, aor. ـِ (IAar, K,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ and بُشُورٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ابشر, [which is the most common, though extr. in respect of analogy, as being quasi-pass. of بَشَرَ, like احجم and احنج and اعرض and اقشع and اكبّ and انهج, (mentioned by MF in art. حنج as the only other instances of the kind,) and اخلج, (added in the TA in art. خلج,)] (S, A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. إِبْشَارٌ; (S;) and ↓ استبشر; (S, A, Msb, K;) and ↓ تبشّر; (A;) [originally, He became changed in his بَشَرَة (or complexion) by the annunciation of an event: see بَشَّرَهُ: and hence,] he rejoiced, or became rejoiced; (IAar, S, A, Msb, K;) بِكَذَا [at, or by, such a thing; or at, or by, the annunciation of such a thing]. (IAar, S, K. *) You say, أَتَانِى أَمْرٌ بَشِرْتُ بِهِ An affair happened to me whereat I rejoiced, or whereby I became rejoiced. (S.) And بِمَوْلُودٍ ↓ أَبْشَرَ He rejoiced [at the annunciation of a new-born child]. (S.) And بِخَيْرٍ ↓ أَبْشِرْ Rejoice thou [at the annunciation of a good event]. (S, K.) And in the same sense ↓ أَبْشِرُوا is used in the Kur xli. 30. (S.) 2 بشّرهُ (S, A, Msb, &c.,) the form used by the Arabs in general, (Msb,) inf. n. تَبْشِيرٌ; (S, Msb, K, &c.;) and ↓ بَشَرَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, Mgh, Msb,) of the dial. of Tihámeh and the adjacent parts, (Msb,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ and بُشُورٌ (S, K) and بُشْرٌ, (TA,) or this last is a simple subst.; (Msb;) and ↓ ابشرهُ; (S, A, Mgh, K;) and ↓ استبشرهُ; (K, TA;) are syn.; (S, K, &c.;) originally signifying He announced to him an event which produced a change in his بَشَرَة [or complexion]: and hence, (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee,) he announced to him an event which rejoiced him: (A, El-Fakhr Er-Rázee:) so in common acceptation [when not restricted by an adjunct that denotes its having a different meaning: see بُشْرَى and an ex. below in this paragraph]: (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee:) or he rejoiced him [by an annunciation]: (Msb:) and he announced to him an event which grieved him: [or he grieved him by an annunciation:] both these significations are proper. (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee.) You say, بشّرهُ بِالأَمْرِ [generally meaning He rejoiced him by the annunciation of the event]; and بِهِ ↓ بَشَرَهُ, aor. and inf. ns. as above; &c. (TA.) And بَشَّرْتُهُ بِمَوْلُودٍ [I rejoiced him by the annunciation of a new-born child]. (S.) And it is said in the Kur [iii. 20, &c.], بَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ

[Grieve thou them by the annunciation, or denunciation, of a painful punishment]. (S.) You say also, of a she-camel, بَشَّرَتْ بِاللَّقَاحِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) She made it known that she had begun to be pregnant. (TA. [See also 4.]) 3 باشر المَرْأَةَ, (K, &c.,) inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ (S, Mgh, TA) and بِشَارٌ, (TA,) He was, or became, in contact with the woman, skin to skin: (TA:) he enjoyed [contact with] her skin: (Msb:) he became in contact with her, skin to skin, both being within one garment or piece of cloth: (K:) he lay with her, [skin to skin; or in the sense of] inivit eam: (S, K:) i. q. وَطِئَهَا, both فِى الفَرْجِ and خَارِجًا مِنْهُ: (TA:) [and so ↓ بَشَرَهَا inf. n. بَشْرٌ; for] بَشْرٌ and مُبَاشَرَةٌ are syn. [in the sense of congressus venereus, as is shown by an ex. in the S.]. (S, K.) b2: باشرهُ النَّعِيمُ (tropical:) [Enjoyment attended him; as though it clave to his skin]. (A.) b3: فَبَاشَرُوا رَوْحَ اليَقِينِ, or رُوحَ اليقين, is a metaphorical expression, [app. meaning (tropical:) And they felt the joy and happiness that arise from certainty,] occurring in a trad. of 'Alee. (TA.) b4: باشر الأَمْرَ, (S, A, &c.,) inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ, (S,) (tropical:) He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair himself, or in his own person: (S, K, TA:) or (tropical:) he was present, himself, at the affair: (A, TA:) or, [properly,] he managed, or conducted, the affair with his بَشَرَة, i. e., his own hand: (Mgh, * Msb:) and hence a later application of the verb in the sense of لَاحَظَ (assumed tropical:) [He regarded, or attended to, the thing, or affair, &c.]. (Msb.) 4 ابشر: see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: [Hence,] ابشر الأَمْرُ وَجْهَهُ The affair made his countenance beautiful and bright: in the K we read, أَبْشَرَ الأَمْرَ حَسَّنَهُ وَ نَضَّرَهُ; but this is a mistake. (TA.) Agreeably with this explanation, AA renders a reading in the Kur [xlii. 22], ذٰلِكَ الَّذِى يُبْشِرُ اللّٰهُ عِبَادَهُ, meaning That is it with which God will make beautiful and bright the face of his servants: so in the L. (TA.) b3: See also 2. b4: [Hence,] أَبْشَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel conceived, or became pregnant: (K:) as though she rejoiced [her owner] by announcing her conception. (TA. [See 2, last sentence.]) b5: And أَبْشَرَتِ الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The earth put forth its herbage appea He demanded ring upon its surface. (S, K.) A2: See also 1, latter part, in four places.5 تَبَشَّرَ see, latter part.6 تباشر القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, announced, one to another, a joyful event, or joyful events. (S.) And هُمْ يَتَبَاشَرُونَ بِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ They rejoice one another by the annunciation of that event. (TA.) 10 استبشر: see 1, latter part.

A2: استبشرهُ He demanded of him a reward for an annunciation of joyful tidings. (M.) b2: See also 2.

بُشْرٌ: see بُشْرَى. b2: It is also a contraction of بُشُرٌ, which is pl. of بَشُورٌ (TA) or بَشِيرٌ. (TA in art. نشر.) بِشْرٌ Cheerfulness, or openness and pleasantness, of countenance: (Mgh, Msb, K, * TA:) and happiness, joy, or gladness. (Har p. 192.) You say, هُوَ حَسَنُ البِشْرِ He is cheerful, or open and pleasant, in countenance. (S.) بَشَرٌ: see بَشَرَةٌ b2: [Hence,] البَشَرُ (assumed tropical:) Mankind: (S, Msb, K:) and the human being: (Msb, K:) applied to the male and to the female; and used alike as sing. and pl. (Msb, K, TA) and dual: (TA:) so that you say, هُوَ بَشَرٌ He is a human being, and هِىَ بَشَرٌ She is a human being, and هُمْ بَشَرٌ They (more than two) are human beings, and هُمَا بَشَرٌ They two are human beings: (TA:) but sometimes it has the dual form; (Msb, K;) as in the Kur xxiii. 49; (Msb, TA;) though the Arabs may have used the dual form in the sense of the sing.: (MF:) and sometimes it has a pl., namely, أَبْشَارٌ. (K.) This is a secondary application of the word: (Msb:) i. e., this signification is tropical; or, as some say, the word is so much used in this sense as to be, so used, conventionally regarded as proper; the sense not depending upon its having another word connected with it: but in the S and K, and by the generality of authors, this signification is given as proper. (MF.) Some say that a human being is thus called because his بَشَرَة is bare of hair and of wool. (MF.) [Hence,] أَبُو البَشَرِ [The father of mankind; meaning] Adam. (K.) بَشَرَةٌ (Lth, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb) and ↓ بَشَرٌ, (S, K,) or the latter is pl. of the former, (Msb, K,) [or rather a coll. gen. n., of which the former is the n. un.,] like قَصَبَهُ and قَصَبٌ, (Msb,) and أَبْشَارٌ is pl. of بَشَرٌ, (K,) [The external skin; the cuticle, or scarf-skin; the epidermis;] the exterior of the skin (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) of a human being; (S, A, K;) and, as some say, of other creatures, (K,) such as the serpent; but this is generally disallowed: (TA:) or بَشَرَةٌ signifies the exterior of the skin of the head, in which grows the hair; as also أَدَمَةٌ and شَوَاةٌ: (Aboo-Safwán:) or the upper skin (Lth, M) of the head (M) and of the face and body of a human being; (Lth, M;) that upon which the hair grows: (M:) or, as some say, that which is next the flesh. (M.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّمَا يُعَاتَبُ الأَدِيمُ ذُو البَشَرَةِ: see أَدِيمٌ. b2: بَشَرَةٌ sometimes means The complexion, or hue: and fineness, or delicacy. (TA.) A2: بَشَرَةُ الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The herbage appearing upon the surface of the earth. (S, A, K.) You say, مَا أَحْسَنَ بَشَرَتَهَا (tropical:) How goodly is its herbage appearing upon its surface! (S, A.) And بَشَرَةٌ [alone] signifies (tropical:) Leguminous plants; herbs, or herbage. (TA.) b2: بَشَرَةٌ is used also as signifying (assumed tropical:) A man's hand. (Msb.) [See 3, last sentence.]

بُشْرَى (imperfectly decl., because it terminates with a fem. alif which is inseparable from it, S) and ↓ بِشَارَةٌ and ↓ بُشَارَةٌ [but respecting this last see بِشَارَةٌ below] (S, Msb, K) and ↓ بُشْرٌ (Msb) are substs. from بَشَّرَهُ (S, Msb, K) [originally signifying An annunciation which produces a change in the بَشَرَة (or complexion) of the person to whom it is made: and hence, a joyful annunciation; joyful, or glad, tidings; good news]: and ↓ تَبَاشِيرُ [q. v. infrà] signifies the same as بُشْرَى: (S, K:) ↓ بِشَارَةٌ, when used absolutely, relates only to good; (S, Msb;) not to evil unless when expressly restricted thereto by an adjunct: [see 2:] (S:) its pl. is بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ. (A.) يَا بُشْرَاىَ, in the Kur [xii. 19, accord. to one reading, (otherwise, as Bd mentions, بُشْرَاىْ, or بُشْرَىَّ, which is a dial. var. of the same, or بُشْرَى, which, as some say, was the name of a man,) meaning O my joyful annunciation, or joyful tidings, or good news!], is like عَصَاى: and in the dual you say, يَا بُشْرَيَىَّ. (S.) You say also, ↓ تَتَابَعَتِ البِشَارَاتُ and البَشَائِرُ [The joyful annunciations followed consecutively]. (A.) See another ex. voce بَشِيرٌ. b2: See also بِشَارَةٌ.

بَشَرِىٌّ Human; of, or belonging to, or relating to, mankind or a human being.]

بُشَارٌ (assumed tropical:) The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, of mankind, or of people. (IAar, K.) بَشُورٌ: see what next follows, in three places.

بَشِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مُبَشِّرٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) [and so ↓ بَشُورٌ, as will be seen by an ex. in what follows,] One who announces to a people [or person] an event, either good or evil; (TA;) but meaning the former oftener than the latter: (Msb:) [an announcer of a joyful event, or joyful events: one who rejoices another, or others, by an annunciation:] pl. بُشَرَآءُ (A) and بُشُرٌ, (TA in art. نشر,) or this is pl. of ↓ بَشُورٌ. (TA in the present art.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 55], وَ هُوَ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ بُشُرًا, and بُشْرًا, and ↓ بُشْرَى, and بَشْرًا; [accord. to different readings, meaning (assumed tropical:) And He it is who sendeth the winds announcing coming rain;] in which بُشُرٌ is pl. of ↓ بَشُورٌ, [syn. with بَشِيرٌ and مُبَشِّرٌ, but both masc. and fem.,] (TA,) or of بَشِيرٌ, (Bd,) or of بَشِيرَةٌ; (TA in art. نشر;) and بُشْرًا is a contraction of the same; and بُشْرَى is syn. with بِشَارَةٌ; and بَشْرًا is the inf. n. of بَشَرَهُ in the sense of بَشَّرَهُ (TA. [But the reading commonly followed in this passage is نُشُرًا, with ن: another reading is نُشْرًا: another, نَشْرًا: and another, نَشَرًا.]) And ↓ المُبَشِّرَاتُ, (A,) or مُبَشِّرَاتُ الرِّيَاحِ, (S,) signifies (tropical:) Winds that announce [coming] rain: (S, A:) so in the Kur xxx. 45. (TA.) A2: Also Goodly; beautiful; elegant in form or features; (S, K;) applied to a man, and to a face: (TA:) fem. with ة; (S, K;) applied to a woman, and to a she-camel; (S;) and meaning, when applied to a she-camel, neither emaciated nor fat: or, accord. to Aboo-Hilál, neither of generous nor of ignoble breed: or, as some say, half-fattened: (TA:) pl. of the fem. بَشَائِرُ: (S:) and ↓ مَبْشُورَةٌ signifies beautiful in make and colour; (IAar, K;) applied to a girl. (IAar.) بَشَارَةٌ Goodliness; beauty; elegance of form or features. (S, K, TA.) بُشَارَةٌ What is pared off from the face of a hide: what is pared off from its back is called تِحْلِئٌ. (Lh.) A2: See also بِشَارَةٌ: b2: and see بُشْرَى.

بِشَارَةٌ; pl. بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ: see بُشْرَى, in three places; and see also تَبَاشِيرُ. b2: Also A gift to him who announces a joyful event; and so ↓ بُشَارَةٌ: (K, * TA:) or the latter, which is like the عُمَالَة of the عَامِل, has this signification; (IAth;) and so ↓ بُشْرَى; (M;) and بِشَارَةٌ [has the same meaning accord. to common usage, but, properly,] is a subst. in the sense explained above, voce بُشْرَى. (IAth.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُهُ ثَوْبِى بِشَارَةً I gave him my garment as a reward for the joyful annunciation. (TA from a trad.) هُوَ أَبْشَرُ مِنْهُ He is more goodly or beautiful, more elegant in form or features, and more fat, than he. (K.) تُبُشِّرٌ, in the hand writing of J تُبَشِّرٌ, [and so in my copies of the S,] a word of which there is not the like except in the instances of تُنُوِّطٌ [or تُنَوِّطٌ], a certain bird, and وَادِى تُهُلِّكَ [or تُهَلِّكَ?] and وَادِى

تُضُلِّلَ [or تُضَلِّلَ] and وَادِى تُخُيِّبَ [or تُخَيِّبَ], (TA,) A certain bird, called the صُفَارِيَّة: (S, K:) n. un. with ة. (K.) تَبَاشِيرُ, as though it were pl. of تَبْشِيرٌ, inf. n. of بَشَّرَ; (A;) a word which has not its like except in the instances of تَعَاشِيبُ and تَعَاجِيبُ and تَفَاطِيرُ [and تَبَاكِيرُ and تَبَارِيحُ, and probably a few others]; (TA;) (tropical:) [Annunciations; foretokens; foretellers; foreshowers; prognostics; earnests; of what is good:] the beginnings of anything: (S, K:) the first of blossoms &c.: (TA:) the beginnings, (S, K,) or first annunciations, (A,) of daybreak; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ بَشَائِرُ: (TA:) it has no verb: (S:) and [is said to have] no sing.: but in a trad. of El-Hajjáj, تَبْشِيرٌ occurs as meaning (assumed tropical:) the commencement of rain. (TA.) One says, فِيهِ مَخَايِلُ الرُّشْدِ وَ تَبَاشِيرُهُ (tropical:) [In him are indications of right conduct, or belief, and its earnests]. (A.) See also بُشْرَى. b2: (assumed tropical:) Streaks of the light of daybreak in the night. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Streaks that are seen upon the surface of the ground, caused by the winds. (Lth, K. *) b4: (assumed tropical:) The colours of palm-trees when their fruit begins to ripen; (K;) as also تَبَاكِيرُ. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) Such as bear fruit early, or before others, of palm-trees. (K.) b6: (assumed tropical:) Marks of galls upon the side of a beast. (K.) رَجُلٌ مُؤْدَمٌ مُبْشَرٌ (tropical:) A perfect man; as though he combined the softness of the أَدَمَة [or inner skin] with the roughness of the بَشَرَة [or outer skin]: (S:) or a man who combines softness, or gentleness, and strength, with knowledge of affairs: (As:) and اِمْرَأَةٌ مُؤْدَمَةٌ مُبْشَرَةٌ (tropical:) a woman perfect in every respect. (TA.) [See also art. ادم.]

مُبَشِّرٌ and مُبَشِّرَاتٌ: see بَشِيرٌ.

مَبْشُورَةٌ: see بَشِيرٌ, last sentence.

حِجْرٌمُبَاشِرٌ [so in two copies of the S: in Golius's Lex. مُبَاشِرَةٌ:] A mare [so I render حجر, which Golius renders ‘ vulva, '] desiring the stallion. (S.) [See also مُبَاسِرَةٌ, with س.]

بسر

1 بَسَرَ He took anything when it was fresh, juicy, moist, or not flaccid; (TA;) as also ↓ ابتسر [which is more commonly used]. (M, K, * TA.) [Hence,] بَسَرْبُ النَّبَاتَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. بَسْرٌ, I pastured [beasts] upon the herbage when it was fresh and juicy, I being the first to do so. (TA.) b2: Also, (K,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (M,) i. q. أَعْجَلَ [as meaning (assumed tropical:) He was quick, or beforehand, or before the proper time, with a person or thing, or in doing, or seeking, a thing]. (M, K.) [Hence,] بَسَرَ النَّاقَةَ, (As, S, M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above; (M;) and ↓ ابتسرها, (S, A,) and ↓ تبسّرها; (T;) (tropical:) He (the stallion) covered the she-camel without her desiring it: (As, S, A:) or before she desired it. (M, K.) And in like manner, بَسَرَ and ↓ تبسّر (tropical:) He (a stallion) covered a mare when she had only begun to feel the excitement of desire. (TA.) And ↓ ابتسر الجَارِيَةَ (tropical:) He deflowered the girl before she had attained to puberty. (A, and Msb in art. قض.) And بَسَرَ and ↓ ابتسر (assumed tropical:) He fecundated a palm-tree before the proper time for doing so. (M, K.) And بَسَرَ السِّقَآءَ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He drank the milk of the skin, (K,) or gave it to be drunk, (S,) before it had become thick, and fit for churning. (S, K.) And بَسَرَ, (M, K,) aor. as above, (M, A,) and so the inf. n., (S, M,) (tropical:) He broke a pustule: (A:) or he squeezed a pustule, or a boil, before it was ripe: (TA:) or he laid it open by peeling off its crust, or scab, before it was ripe; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ ابسر. (K.) And, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He dug rivers when water was scarce: or sought for, or after, water [when it was scarce]: and so, accord. to Az, ↓ تبسّر. (L. [But for اذا عرا الماء او طابه, as part of the explanation, I read إِذَا عَزَّ المَاءُ أَوْ طَلَبَهُ.]) And بَسَرَ النَّهْرَ (assumed tropical:) He dug a well in [the bed of] the river, it being dry. (L. [But here, for و هو صاف, I read و هو جَافٌّ.]) Also بَسَرَ, (S, M, K,) aor. as above, (M,) and inf. n. as above (S, M) and بِسَارٌ; (M;) and ↓ ابتسر (M, A, K) and ↓ تبسّر and ↓ ابسر; (M, K;) (tropical:) He sought, sought for or after, demanded, or desired, a thing that he wanted, or needed, in an improper time: (M, K:) or in an improper place: (S, M:) or in an improper manner: (JM:) or before its time. (A.) And the first of these verbs, (tropical:) He required a debt to be paid before the time when it was due. (K, TA.) And (tropical:) He required his debtor to pay a debt before the time when it was due: from بَسَرَ النَّاقَةَ, explained above. (Sh, TA.) b3: Also, inf. n. بَسْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) He began a thing; and so ↓ ابتسر. (K.) And بَسَرَ بِهِ (TK) and به ↓ ابتسر (TA, TK) (assumed tropical:) He began with it. (TA, TK.) A2: Also, aor. ـُ inf. n. بَسْرٌ, He mixed بُسْر [or fullgrown unripe dates] with others, in beverage of the kind called نَبِيذ: the doing of which is forbidden in a trad.: (S:) or he mixed بُسْر with fresh ripe dates, or with dry dates, and made with them both together that kind of beverage. (TA.) And بَسَرَ تَمْرًا, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above; and ↓ بسّرهُ (M) and ↓ ابسرهُ; (K;) He made, of dry dates, that kind of beverage, and mixed بُسْر with it. (M, K.) A3: Also, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. بَسْرٌ and بُسُورٌ, (M,) He frowned; contracted his face; or grinned, or displayed his teeth, frowning, or contracting his face, or looking sternly, austerely, or morosely; (M, K;) as also بَسَرَ وَجْهَهُ, inf. n. بُسُوزٌ: (S:) or he did so excessively: (Jel in lxxiv. 22:) or he looked with intense dislike or hatred. (TA.) 2 بَسَّرَ see 1; last sentence but one.3 بَاسَرَتْ, inf. n. مُبَاسَرَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) She (a mare) desired the stallion when she had only begun to feel the excitement of lust. (AO.) 4 ايسر: see 1, in three places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) He dug in ground that had not been dug before. (K.) A2: ابسرالنَّخْلُ The palm-trees had dates in the state in which they are called بُسْر: (S, M: *) or produced dates that did not ripen. (TA.) 5 تبسّر: see 1, in four places. It signifies also (assumed tropical:) He sought for, or after, fresh water recently produced by rain. (S. [See بُسْرٌ.]) And (assumed tropical:) He dug for plants before they came forth: (M, TA:) [or] تبسّر نَبَاتًا has this meaning. (TA.) and (assumed tropical:) He (a [wild] bull) came to the roots of dry plants, and ate them. (K.) 8 ابتسر: see 1, in seven places.

A2: اُبْتُسِرَ لَوْنُهُ (tropical:) His colour changed, (K, TA,) and became like that of بُسْر [or full-grown unripe dates]. (TA.) بَسْرٌ: see بُسْرٌ: A2: and see also بَاسِرٌ.

بُسْرٌ Anything fresh, juicy, moist, not flaccid. (IF, M, Msb, K.) You say نَبَاتٌ بُسْرٌ A fresh plant: (Msb:) or a plant that has risen from the surface of the ground, but not grown tall; because it is then fresh and juicy: (TA:) or such is called بُسْرَةٌ [fem. of بُسْرٌ]; as also what is fresh, juicy, moist, or not flaccid, of the plant called بُهْمَى. (M.) A plant, or herbage, when it first appears in the ground is termed بَارِضٌ; then, جَمِيمٌ; then, بُسْرَةٌ; then, صَمْعَآءُ; and then, [when it is dry,] بَسْرٌ. (S.) b2: Fresh water, (S, M, K,) recently produced by rain; (S, M;) as also ↓ بَسْرٌ: (M:) or this latter signifies cold, or cool, water: (K:) pl. of the former بِسَارٌ; (S, K;) like as رِمَاحٌ is pl. of رُمْحٌ. (S.) b3: (tropical:) A young, or youthful, man, and woman: (K, TA:) or young, or youthful, and fresh; fem. with ة: (M, A:) applied, respectively, to a man and a woman; (M;) or to a boy and a girl. (A.) b4: And, with ة, (tropical:) The sun when it has just risen, (S, K, TA,) and is red, and not yet clear. (A, * TA.) [Accord. to the A, this meaning seems to be derived from that next following.] b5: بُسْرٌ and ↓ بُسُرٌ (S, M, K) [the former, only, mentioned in the A and Msb &c., as the latter is rare; coll. gen. ns., signifying Fullgrown] unripe dates; dates before they have become رُطَب; (M, K;) dates that have become coloured, but have not become ripe; (TA;) dates that have begun to colour, i. e., to become red or yellow; (Msb in art. بُلح;) dates beginning to ripen: (IAth, TA in art. بلح:) so called because fresh and juicy, and not flaccid: (M:) n. un.

بُسْرَةٌ and بُسُرَةٌ: (S, M, K:) pl. بُسْرَاتٌ (S) [or بُسْرَةٌ] and بُسُرَاتٌ: (M:) Sb says that بُسُرَةٌ [or بُسْرَةٌ or each of these] has no broken pl.; but he allows بُسْرَان and تَمْرَان, as meaning two sorts of بُسْر and of تَكْر. (M.) [J says,] بُسْرٍ in their first stage are termed طَلْعٌ; then, خَلَالٌ; then, بَلَحٌ; then, بُسْرٌ; then, رُطَبٌ; then, تَمْرٌ: (S:) but this saying of J is not good: the original thereof is termed طلع; and when they have become organized and compact (إِذَا انْعَقَدَ), they are termed سَيَابٌ or سَيَّابٌ [accord. to different copies of the K]; and when they have become green and round, جَدَالٌ and سَرَادٌ and خَلَالٌ; and when they have become somewhat large, بَغْوٌ; and when they have become large, [or full-grown,] بُسْرٌ; then, مُخَطَّمْ; then, مُوَكِّتٌ; then, تُذْنُوبٌ; then, جُمْسَةٌ [in the CK جَمِيسَةٌ]; then, ثَعْدَهٌ and خَالِعٌ and خَالِعَةٌ; and when completely ripe, رُطَبٌ and مَعْوٌ; then, تَمْرٌ. (K.) b6: [Hence,] بُسْرَةٌ signifies also (tropical:) The head, or extremity, of the penis of a dog. (K, TA.) b7: And (assumed tropical:) A kind of bead; syn.خَرَزَةٌ. (K.) بُسُرٌ: see بُسْرٌ.

بُسْرَةٌ fem. of بُسْرٌ as an epithet, and n. un. of the same as a subst.: explained with the latter.

بُسُرَةٌ n. un. of بُسُرٌ, a dial. var. of بُسْرٌ, q. v.

بَاسِرٌ and ↓ بَسْرٌ, the latter an inf. n. used as an epithet, A face frowning; or contracted; or grinning, or displaying the teeth, with a frowning, or contraction, or a stern, an austere, or a morose, look. (M.) [See 1, last sentence.] وَوُجوهٌ يَوْمئِذٍ

بَاسِرَةٌ, in the Kur lxxv. 24, means And faces on that day shall be excessively frowning or contracted, &c.: (Jel:) or expressive of dislike or hatred, and contracted. (K.) [See also بَاسِلٌ.]

بَاسُورٌ A well-known disease; (K;) a swelling, or tumour, which nature drives to every part of the body, from a humour that comes from the anus (المَقْعَدَة), and the testicles, and the edges of the labia majora of the pudendum muliebre, and other parts; and when in the anus, attended by a swelling of the veins; (Msb;) sing. of ; (S, K;) which signifies a certain disease that arises in the anus (المقعدة), [namely, the hemorrhoids, or piles, to which this term generally applies when it is used absolutely,] and also in the inside of the nose; (S;) what resembles boils in the anus: (Mgh:) sometimes the س is changed into ص: (Mgh, Msb:) and it is said that the word is not Arabic. (Msb.) مُبْسِرٌ: see what next follows.

نَخْلَةٌ مِبْسَارٌ, (M, K,) and ↓مُبْسِرٌ without ة, as though a possessive epithet, (M,) A palm-tree of which the dates do not ripen. (M, K.) [See also 4.]

مَبْسُورٌ Affected by the disease termed بَوَاسِير, pl. of بَاسُورٌ. (TA.) مُبَاسِرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A mare desiring the stallion (AO, K *) when she has only begun to feel the excitement of lust, (AO,) or before she is fully excited by lust. (K.) [See also مُبَاشِرٌ.]