عرب

1 عَرُبَ لِسَانُهُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرُوبَةٌ, His tongue [or speech] was, or became, Arabic, (S, O,) or chaste Arabic. (Msb.) b2: See also 4, first sentence, in three places.

A2: عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَرَبٌ, He (a man) became disordered in the stomach by indigestion. (TA.) And عَرِبَــتْ مَعِدَتُهُ, inf. n. as above, His stomach became in a corrupt, or disordered, state, (S, O, Msb, K,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) said of a camel's hump, (O, TA,) It became swollen and purulent. (O, K, TA.) b3: And, said of a wound, (S, O, K, TA,) It became corrupt: (TA:) or it broke open again; or became recrudescent: (S, O:) or it had a scar remaining after it had healed. (K.) b4: Said of a river, It abounded with water. (K.) and عَرِبَــتِ البِئْرُ The well contained much water; or its water became abundant. (K.) b5: And, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَرَبٌ (O, * K, * TA) and عَرَابَةٌ, said of a man, (TA,) He was, or became, brisk, lively, or sprightly. (K, TA.) A3: عَرَبَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَرْبٌ, (TK,) He ate (O, K) food. (TK.) 2 عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (S,) He (an Arab) arabicized a foreign word; spoke it, or pronounced it, agreeably with the ways of Arabic speech; (S;) as also ↓ اعرب, (S, O, *) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) b2: And He taught another the Arabic language. (TA, from a trad.) b3: See also 4, in fourteen places. b4: The inf. n. signifies also The showing, or declaring, one's saying, (K, TA,) and one's deed, (TA,) to be bad, evil, abominable, or foul. (K, TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He showed him, or declared to him, that his saying, and his deed, was bad, &c.; and upbraided him for it. (TA.) And فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَمَا عَرَّبَ عَلَىَّ أَحَدٌ I did so and so, and no one upbraided me; or charged me with having acted disgracefully. (Az, TA.) And عرّب عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, (S, O,) and قَوْلَهُ, (TA,) He showed him, or declared to him, that his deed was bad, evil, abominable, or foul, (S, O,) and so his saying. (TA.) تَعْرِيبٌ is The saying to a man who has uttered what is foul, or erroneous, “It is not so, but so; ” telling him what is more correct. (Sh, TA.) And The replaying against a speaker; (K, TA;) and so ↓ إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He replied against him, denying or disallowing or disapproving what he said: (S:) or he prevented, hindered, or forbade, him: or he did so, and denied or disallowed or disapproved [what he said or did]. (TA.) [See what next follows.] b5: Also The treating medically, to remove his disease, one whose stomach is in a corrupt, or disordered, state. (O, K. [In both, التَّعْرِيبُ is expl. as meaning تَمْرِيضُ الــعَرِبِ i. e. الذَّرِبِ المَعِدَةِ. Freytag has strangely rendered the verb as signifying “ ægrotum reddidit aliquem stomachi corruptio. ”]) Az says that التَّعْرِيبُ followed by عَلَى and having for its object him who says what is disapproved may be from this. (TA.) b6: Also The lopping a palm-tree; or pruning it by cutting off some of its branches. (S, O, K. *) b7: And The scarifying a horse or similar beast in the parts of the skin next the hoofs and then cauterizing those parts: (K, TA:) or the cauterizing a horse in several places in those parts, and then gently scarifying them without producing any effect upon the sinews, or tendons, (Az, O, TA,) in order to strengthen the parts, (Az, TA,) or in order that the hair may become strong: (O:) or عرّب الفَرَسَ signifies he made an incision in the bottom of the horse's hoof; and the verb implies that, by this operation, what was concealed becomes apparent to the eye, so that one knows the state of the hoof, whether it be hard or soft, sound or diseased. (L, TA. See also 1 in art. بزغ.) A2: Also, the inf. n., The getting, or procuring for oneself, an Arabian horse. (TA. [See also 4, near the end.]) b2: And The taking, or making, for oneself, an Arabian bow. (O, K.) A3: Also the drinking much clear, or limpid, water, (O, K,) which is termed عَرِب. (O.) A4: عرّب البَقَرَةَ, (K,) or ↓ أَــعْرَبَــهَا, (O,) He rendered the cow desirous [of copulation]; said of a bull. (O, K.) A5: And عرّب, (Fr, Mgh, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; (Fr, O, K;) and ↓ اعرب, (Fr, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; (Fr, Mgh, K;) and ↓ عَرْبَــنَ; (O, and S and K in art. عربــن;) He gave what is termed an عُرْبُــون (O, Msb, K) or عُرْبَــان (Fr, Mgh) [i. e. an earnest], فِى كَذَا [in the case of such a thing], (O,) or فِى بَيْعِهِ [in the case of his purchase]. (Msb.) One says, ↓ أَــعْرَبُــوا فِى الدَّارِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ They paid in advance, as an earnest, in the case of the house, four hundred [dirhems]. (L, TA.) It is related in a trad. that ↓ الإِعْرَاب in buying and selling is forbidden: (Mgh, O, TA:) this is said by Sh to mean A man's saying to another, If I do not purchase this for so much, thou shalt have such and such of my property. (O, TA.) 3 عَاْرَبَ [The following ex. is given of the inf. n. of this verb.] One says, مَا أُوتِىَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُعَارَبَةِ النِّسَآءِ مَا أُوتِىَ فُلَانٌ, (O,) or مَا أُوتِيتُهُ أَنَا, (TA,) meaning, (O, TA,) app., (TA,) [No one has been given what such a one has been given, or what I have been given, of] the means of coïtus [with women]. (O, TA.) 4 اعرب, (Az, Msb, TA,) [for اعرب الكَلَامَ, like افصح for افصح الكَلَامَ,] inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (A, K,) He spoke clearly, plainly, distinctly, or intel-ligibly, (Az, A, Msb, K, * TA,) in Arabic; (Msb;) as also ↓ تــعرّب, and ↓ استــعرب; said of a foreigner, or one [previously] not clear, plain, distinct, or intelligible, in speech: (Az, Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرْبٌ and عُرُوبٌ, accord. to Th, and عُرْبَــةٌ and عِرَابَةٌ [which accord. to general analogy would be عَرَابَةٌ] and عُرُوبِيَّةٌ; (TA;) or ↓ عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) [likewise] signifies he spoke clearly, plainly, or distinctly, after being barbarous, or vitious, in speech: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ he spoke without incorrectness; (Msb;) and [so اعرب, for] إِعْرَابٌ signifies the committing no error in speech: (K, TA:) and the expressing of meanings clearly, plainly, distinctly, or perspicuously, by words. (TA.) [↓ عرّب, also, has a similar meaning:] it is said in a trad., أَنْ ↓ كَانُوا يَسْتَحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُلَقِّنُوا الصَّبِىَّ حِينَ يُــعَرِّبُ يَقُولَ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ (O, TA) i. e. [They used to like teaching the boy,] when he spoke distinctly, or articulately, [to say “ There is no deity but God ” seven times.] (TA.) And one says, اعرب الكَلَامَ, and اعرب بِهِ, meaning He made the speech [that he spoke] clear, plain, distinct, or perspicuous. (TA.) And اعرب بِحُجَّتِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, his argument, plea, allegation, or the like, without fearing any one. (S, O.) And أَــعْرَبْــتُ الشَّىْءَ and اعربــت عَنْهُ, and ↓ عَرَّبْــتُهُ and عرّبــت عَنْهُ, which last, accord. to Fr, is better than عرّبــتهُ and اعربــتهُ, I made the thing clear, plain, distinct, or manifest. (Msb.) And اعرب عَمَّا فِى ضَمِيرِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, what was in his mind. (TA.) And اعرب عَنْهُ لِسَانُهُ, and ↓ عرّب عنه, His tongue made clear, or plain, or spoke clearly, or plainly, for him: and عَمَّا فِى ↓ يُــعَرِّبُ قَلْبِهِ لِسَانُهُ His tongue tells plainly, or declares, what is in his heart. (Az, TA.) It is said in a trad., الثَّيِّبُ تُــعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا, (S,) or الأَيِّمُ, and ↓ تُــعَرِّبُ, accord. to different relaters, but some say the former only, (Msb,) i. e. [She who has become a widow, or been divorced, &c., or she who has no husband, whether she be a virgin or not, or not being a virgin,] shall speak out plainly for herself [when demanded in marriage]: (S, Msb:) or الثَّيِّبُ يُــعْرِبُ عَنْهَا لِسَانُهَا, so accord. to IKt, (O,) or عنها ↓ يُــعَرِّبُ, (Mgh, O,) so accord. to A 'Obeyd, but, as IAmb says, both are dial. vars. of which neither is preferable to the other; and the meaning is [she who has become a widow, &c., her tongue] shall declare for her. (O.) One says also, اعرب عَنِ الرَّجُلِ He spoke out, or explained, for the man. (TA.) And عَنِ القَوْمِ ↓ عَرَّبْــتُ I spoke for the people, or party; (Fr, S, Mgh, * O, K;) and pleaded for them; (Fr, Mgh, * TA;) as also أَــعْرَبْــتُ; but the former in this sense is better known. (Mgh.) And اعرب عَنْهُ, and عنه ↓ عرّب, He pleaded his cause. (TA.) and عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ ↓ عرّب He spoke and pleaded for the object of his want. (A.) b2: اعرب also signifies He was, or became, chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech; although not an Arab. (Msb.) And لَهُ الكَلَامَ ↓ عَرَّبْــتُ, inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; as also أَــعْرَبْــتُ له, inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; I made the speech [that I spoke] clear, or plain, to him, so that there was in it no barbarousness. (TA.) And مَنْطِقَهُ ↓ عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (K,) He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness. (S, O, K.) And أَــعْرَبْــتُ الحَرْفَ I made the حرف [i. e. word] clear, or plain: or the ا in this case denotes privation, and the meaning is (assumed tropical:) I removed its عرب, [app. ↓ عَرَب, from this word as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.,] i. e. vagueness. (Msb.) And اعرب كَلَامَهُ He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness, in [what is termed] الإِعْرَاب [here meaning what grammarians generally intend thereby, namely, desinential syntax, or the science of the various inflections of words, literal or virtual, by reason of the various governing words]. (S, O.) [اعرب is also used by grammarians as meaning He declined a word; and أُــعْرِبَ as meaning It was declined, or declinable; in these senses opposed to بَنَى and بُنِىَ, inf. n. بِنَآءٌ: and the former also as meaning He analyzed grammatically, or parsed, a sentence: and the inf. n. of the verb (act. and pass.) in these senses is إِعْرَابٌ.] b3: See also 2, first sentence: b4: and again in the first third part of the paragraph. b5: إِعْرَابٌ also signifies The making [a person] to revert from, or relinquish, foul speech; (K, TA;) and so ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ. (TA.) b6: And The speaking foul, or obscene, language; as also ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ, and ↓ اِسْتِعْرَابٌ: (O, K:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K, TA.) One says of a man, اعرب [&c.], (S, O,) or اعرب فِى كَلَامِهِ, (Msb,) He spoke foul, or obscene, language. (S, O, Msb.) [Golius and Freytag have assigned this meaning to ↓ تــعرّب also: the latter of them as from the S and K; in neither of which do I find it.] b7: And The act of copulating: or the speaking of that act in an oblique, or indirect, manner. (K.) A2: and اعرب, (S, O,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (K,) He had a child born to him of Arabian complexion, or colour. (S, O, K.) b2: And He possessed, or acquired, or sought to acquire, horses, or camels, of pure Arabian race. (TA. [See also 2, in the middle of the latter half; and see مُــعْرِبٌ.]) b3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies One's knowing a horse of pure Arabian race from one of mean race by his neighing. (K.) And A horse's being known by his neighing to be of pure Arabian race, free from any admixture of other than Arabian blood: (K, TA:) [or his making himself to be known as such by his neighing; for] اعرب means he (a horse) neighed, and was consequently known to be of Arabian race. (A.) b4: And The making a horse to run. (K.) Accord. to Fr, one says, اعرب عَلَى فَرَسِهِ, meaning He made his horse to run: but he adds that some say اغرب. (O.) A3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies The taking as one's wife a woman such as is termed عَرُوبٌ [q. v.]. (K.) A4: اعرب سَقْىُ القَوْمِ meansThe people's watering [of their camels], having been at one time on alternate days, and another time on the fourth day after that of the next preceding watering, then became, and continued to be, of one uniform way. (S, O.) A5: See also 2, last four sentences.5 تــعرّب He assimilated himself to the Arabs. (S.) He (a man not of genuine Arabian descent) introduced himself among the Arabs, and spoke their language, and imitated their manner or appearance; [he became a naturalized, or an insitious, Arab; (see الــعَرَبُ;)] as also ↓ استــعرب. (Az, TA.) b2: He became an Arab of the desert; (S, Mgh;) he returned to the desert, (Az, Mgh, TA,) after he had been dwelling in a region of cities or towns or villages and of cultivated land, and joined himself to the Arabs of the desert. (Az, TA.) Hence, تــعرّب بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ He became an Arab of the desert [after his flight, or emigration, for the sake of El-Islám], (S, Mgh,) returning to the desert. (Mgh.) b3: He dwelt, or abode, in the desert. (O, K.) b4: See also 4, first sentence. b5: تَــعَرَّبَــتْ لِزَوْجِهَا She acted in an amorous manner, or with amorous dalliance, and mani-fested love, to her husband. (A, TA.) b6: Respecting a meaning assigned to تــعرّب by Golius and Freytag, see 4, latter half.10 استــعرب: see 5: b2: see also 4, first sentence: b3: and the same again in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: استــعرب جَرَبًا, said of a camel, He was affected with mange, or scab, which began in his armpits and groins or similar parts, and his lips, and appeared upon the general extent of his skin. (O.) b2: And استــعربــت, said of a cow, She desired the bull. (O, K.) Q. Q. 1 عَرْبَــنَ: see 2, near the end.

عَرْبٌ is syn. with إِعْرَابٌ in the sense of إِفْصَاحٌ [but app. as a subst. (not an inf. n.) meaning Clear, plain, or distinct, speech]. (TA.) b2: and syn. with عِرَابَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) b3: And syn. with عَرَبٌ as [inf. n. of عَرِبَ, and] meaning نَشَاطٌ [i. e. Briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness]. (O, K.) الــعُرْبُ: see الــعَرَبُ, first sentence.

عِرْبٌ Such as is dried up, of the [species of barley-grass called] بُهْمَى: (S, O, K:) or of any herb, or leguminous plant: n. un. with ة: or عِرْبُ البُهْمَى signifies the prickles of the بُهْمَى. (TA.) الــعَرَبُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ الــعُرْبُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) A certain people, or nation; [the Arabs, or Arabians;] (S, O;) the contr. of العَجَمُ (A, Msb, K, TA) and العُجْمُ; (TA;) the inhabitants of the cities, or large towns, (S, A, O, K,) or of the Arabian cities and towns or villages: (Mgh:) [but now, on the contrary, generally applied to those who dwell in the desert:] or those who have alighted and made their abode in the cultivated regions, and have taken as their homes the Arabian cities and towns or villages, and others also that are related to them: (Az, Msb:) or [accord. to general usage] an appellation of common application [to the whole nation]: (T, K:) [and in the lexicons and lexicological works applied to the desert Arabs of pure speech:] it is of the fem. gender: (Msb, K:) and الــعَرَبُ has two pls., namely, الــعُرُبُ, with two dammehs, and الأَــعْرُبُ [which is a pl. of pauc.]: (Msb:) the rel. n. [which serves as a sing.] is ↓ عَرَبِــىٌّ: (S, O, K: [عَرَبٌ عَرَبِــىٌّ in the CK is a mistake:]) accord. to Az, (TA,) this appellation is applied to a man of established Arab lineage, even if he be not chaste, or correct, in speech. (Msb, TA.) The dim. of الــعَرَبُ is ↓ العُرَيْبُ, (S, O,) without ة, (O, TA,) an extr. word [with respect to analogy, as the undiminished noun is fem.]: (TA:) a poet (Abu-l-Hindee, whose name was 'Abd-El-Mu-min, son of 'AbdEl-Kuddoos, O, TA) says, وَمَكْنُ الضِّبَابِ طَعَامُ العُرَيْبِ وَلَا تَشْتَهِيهِ نُفُوسُ العَجَمْ

[And the eggs of dabbs are food of the little Arabs; but the souls of the Foreigners do not desire them]: in which he uses the dim. form to imply respect, or honour, like as it is used in the saying أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا المُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا المُرَجَّبُ [expl. in art. جذل]. (S, O.) b2: ↓ الــعَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ (in which the latter word is used as a corroborative of the former as in لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ, S, O) and ↓ الــعَرَبُ الــعَرْبَــآءُ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ الــعَرَبُ الــعَرَبِــيَّةُ (O) and ↓ الــعَرَبُ الــعَرِبَــةُ (K) and ↓ الــعَرَبُ الــعَرِبَــاتُ (CK [but this I do not find in any other copy of the K]) are appellations of The pure, or genuine Arabs: (S, A, O, K:) or those who spoke the language of Yaarub Ibn-Kahtán; which is the ancient language: (Msb:) and ↓ الــعَرَبُ المُسْتَــعْرِبَــةُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) as also ↓ الــعَرَبُ المُتَــعَرِّبَــةُ, (S, O, K,) is an appellation of The insititious [or naturalized Arabs]; (K;) those who are not pure, or genuine, Arabs: (S, O:) or those who spoke the language of Ismá'eel [or Ishmael] the son of Ibráheem [or Abraham], i. e., the dialects of El-Hijáz and the parts adjacent thereto: (Msb:) and the appellation of ↓ مُسْتَــعْرِبَــةٌ is thought by Az to apply [also] to people not of pure Arabian descent, who have introduced themselves among the Arabs, and speak their language, and imitate their manner or appearance. (TA.) [The former division is most reasonably considered as consisting of the extinct tribes ('Ád, Thamood, and others mentioned in what follows); or of these together with the unmixed descendants of Kahtán, whose claims to the appellation of genuine Arabs are held by many to be equally valid: and the latter division, as consisting of those whose origin is referred, through Ma'add and 'Adnán, to Ismá'eel (or Ishmael), whose wife was descended from Kahtán. What I find in the TA, on this subject, is as follows.] The former of these two divisions consisted of nine tribes, descendants of Irem [or Aram] the son of Sám [or Shem] the son of Nooh [or Noah]; namely, 'Ád, Thamood, Umeiyim, 'Abeel, Tasm, Jedees, 'Imleek [or Amalek], Jurhum, and Webári; and from them Ismá'eel [or Ishmael is said to have] learned the Arabic language: and the ↓ مُتَــعَرِّبَــة are [said to be] the descendants of Ismá'eel, the descendants of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán the son of Udd: so says Abu-l-Khattáb Ibn-Dihyeh, surnamed Dhun-Nesebeyn: or the former division consisted of seven tribes, namely, 'Ád, Thamood, 'Imleek, Tasm, Jedees, Umeiyim, and Jásim; the main portion of whom has become extinct, some remains of them, only, being scattered among the [existing] tribes: so says IDrd: and the appellation of ↓ الــعَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ is also given to the descendants of Yaarub the son of Kahtán [only]. (TA.) [It should be observed, however, that the appellation of ↓ المُتَــعَرِّبَــةُ is, by those who hold the extinct tribes above mentioned as the only genuine Arabs, applied to the unmixed descendants of Kahtán; and ↓ المُسْتَــعْرِبَــةُ, to those who are held to be the descendants of Ismá'eel: thus in the Mz, 1st نوع.

Also, it should be observed that the appellation of ↓ الــعَرَبُ العَارِبِةُ, in the conventional language of Arabic lexicology, is often applied to the Arabs of the classical ages, and the later Arabs of the desert who retained the pure language of their ancestors, indiscriminately: it is thus applied by writers quoted in the Mz (1st نوع) to all the descendants of Kahtán, and those of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán (through whom all the descendants of Ismá'eel trace their ancestry) who lived before the corruption, among them, of the Arabic language.] b3: ↓ الأَعْرَابُ is the appellation given to Those [Arabs] who dwell in the desert; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) such as go about in search of herbage and water; and Az adds, whether of the Arabs or of their freedmen: he says that it is applied to those who alight and abide in the desert, and are neighbours of the dwellers in the desert, and journey, or migrate, with them, to seek after herbage and water: (Msb:) it is not a pl. of الــعَرَبُ, not being like الأَنْبَاطُ, which is pl. of النَّبَطُ; (S, O;) but is a [coll.] gen. n.: (S:) الأَعَارِيبُ occurs as its pl. (S, O, K) in chaste poetry: (S:) it has no sing. [properly so termed]: (K:) the rel. n. is ↓ أَعْرَابِىٌّ, (S, O,) which is applied to single person; (Msb;) as also بَدَوِىٌّ: (TA:) Az says, if one say to an أَعْرَابِىّ, يَا عَرَبِــىُّ, he is pleased; and if one say to an عَرَبِــىّ, يَا أَعْرَابِىُّ, he is angry. (TA.) b4: Authors differ as to the cause why the عَرَب were thus called: some say, because of the perspicuity of their speech, from إِعْرَابٌ: others, that they were so called from Yaarub the son of Kahtán, who is said to have been the first that spoke the Arabic language; his original language having been, as asserted by IDrd, [what the Arabs term] Syriac; though some say that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the Arabic language; and some, that Yaarub was the first that spoke Arabic, and that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the pure Arabic of El-Hijáz, in which the Kur-án was revealed: others say that the عَرَب were so called from الــعَرَبَــةُ, the name of a tract near El-Medeeneh, or a name of Mekkeh and the adjacent region, where Ismá'eel settled, or the same as Tihámeh [as is said in the Mgh, in which this is pronounced to be the most correct derivation], or the general name of the peninsula of Arabia, which is also called الــعَرَبَــاتُ [as is said in the Msb]: but some say that they were so called in like manner as were the فُرْس and the رُوم and the تُرْك and others, not after the name of a land or other than a land, but by the coining of the name, not a term expressive of a quality or a state or condition &c. (TA.) [If the country were called الــعَرَبَــةُ, an inhabitant thereof might be called, agreeably with analogy, عَرَبِــىٌّ; and then, the people collectively, الــعَرَبُ: but I think that the most probable derivation is from the old Hebrew word

עְרֶב, meaning “ a mixed people,”

which the Arabs assert themselves to have been, almost from the first; and in favour of this derivation it may be reasonably urged that the old Himyeritic language agrees more in its vocabulary with the Hebrew and Phœnician than it does with the classical and modern Arabic.]

A2: See also عَرَبَــةٌ.

A3: And see عَرِبٌ.

A4: [It also app. signifies (assumed tropical:) Vagueness (considered as an unsoundness) in a word; from the same as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.:] see 4, latter half.

عَرِبٌ [part. n. of عَرِبَ, q. v.: as such signifying] Having the stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state. (O, K.) And مَعِدَةٌ عَرِبَــةٌ A stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state, (S, O, TA,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ عَرَبٌ, (O, K,) the former of which is the more common, (TA,) and ↓ عُرْبُــبٌ, (O, K,) Abundant water, (O, K,) such as is clear, or limpid. (K.) And نَهْرٌ عَرِبٌ (TA) and ↓ عَارِبٌ and ↓ عَارِبَةٌ (K) A river containing abundance of water. (K, TA.) And بِئْرٌ عَرِبَــةٌ A well containing much water. (K.) b3: عَرِبَــةٌ applied to a woman: see عَرُوبٌ, in four places. b4: الــعَرَبُ الــعَرِبَــةُ and الــعَرِبَــاتُ: see الــعَرَبُ, first quarter.

عَرْبَــةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ.

عَرَبَــةٌ A river that flows with a vehement, or strong, current. (S, O, K.) A2: And i. q. نَفْسٌ [The soul, mind, or self]. (S, O, K.) [It is thought to occur in a pl. sense, without ة, as a coll. gen. n., in the following sense, quoted in the S immediately after the explanation above.] A poet says, (S,) namely, Ibn-Meiyádeh, (O,) لَمَّا أَتَيْتُكَ أَرْجُو فَضْلَ نَائِلِكُمْ

↓ نَفَحْتَنِى نَفَحَةً طَابَتْ لَهَا الــعَرَبُ [When I came to thee, hoping for the redundance of your bounty, thou gavest me a gift with which the souls were pleased]: (S, O:) thus related by some, and expl. as meaning طَابَتْ لَهَا النُّفُوسُ: but the [approved] relation is, طَارَتْ بِهَا الــعَرَبُ [(assumed tropical:) which the Arabs made to fly upon the wings of fame], i. e. حَدَّثَتِ الــعَرَبُ النَّاسَ بِهَا [meaning (assumed tropical:) of which the Arabs talked to the people]. (O.) A3: Also sing. of عَرَبَــاتٌ (TA) which is the name of Certain stationary vessels that used to be in the Tigris. (K, TA.) b2: [As meaning A wheel-carriage of any kind (which is commonly called in Egypt عَرَبِــيَّة) it is post-classical.]

الــعَرَبُ الــعَرْبَــآءُ: see الــعَرَبُ, first quarter: and see عَرْبَــانُ.

عُرْبُــبٌ: see عَرِبٌ.

عَرَبِــىٌّ; and الــعَرَبُ الــعَرَبِــيَّةُ: see الــعَرَبُ, first quarter. b2: لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمْ عَرَبِــيًّا, (Mgh, O, K, TA,) in a trad., or, as some relate it, ↓ الــعَرَبِــيَّةَ, (TA,) means Engrave not on your signets مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ; (Mgh, O, K, TA;) because this was engraved on the Prophet's own signet: (O, TA:) as though he had said, نَبِيًّا عَرَبِــيًّا [an Arabian prophet]; meaning himself. (O, K, TA.) Omar said, ↓ لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمُ الــعَرَبِــيَّةَ [Engrave not on your signets Arabic]: and Ibn-'Omar disapproved of engraving on a signet words from the Kur-án. (Mgh, * O, TA.) [عَرَبِــىُّ الوَجْهِ often occurs in post-classical works as meaning Having an Arab face; i. e. long-faced; opposed to تُرْكِىُّ الوَجْهِ.] b3: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A white barley, the ears of which are bifurcate [so I render, agreeably with the TK, سُنْبُلُهُ حَرْفَانِ]: (K, TA:) it is wide, and its grain is large, larger than the grain of the barley of El-'Irak, and it is the best of barley. (TA.) الــعَرَبِــيَّةُ The Arabic language; (S, TA;) the language of the Kur-án. (Msb.) Katádeh says that the tribe of Kureysh used to cull, or select, what was most excellent in the dialects of the Arabs, [in the doing of which they were aided by the confluence of pilgrims from all parts of the country,] so that their dialect became the most excellent of all, and the Kur-án was therefore revealed in that dialect. (TA.) See also عَرَبِــىٌّ, in two places. b2: And see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرْبَــانُ [written in the TA without any syll. signs, but it is app. thus, fem. عَرْبَــآءُ (like حَيْرَآءُ fem. of حَيْرَانُ), whence, probably, the appellation ↓ الــعَرَبُ الــعَرْبَــآءُ,] A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech: so in the Towsheeh. (TA.) [See also عَرِيبٌ.]

عُرْبَــانٌ and عُرُبَّــانٌ: see what next follows.

عَرَبُــونٌ and عُرْبُــونٌ and ↓ عُرْبَــانٌ (Mgh, * O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُرُبَّــانٌ, mentioned on the authority of Ibn-Es-Seed, as of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and عَرْبُــونٌ, mentioned by AHei, but this last is a vulgar word, and is disallowed by Lb; (TA;) as also أَرَبُونٌ and أُرْبُونٌ and أُرْبَانٌ; (Mgh, * Msb, K;) [An earnest, or earnest-money;] a portion of the price, whereby a bargain is ratified; (K, TA;) a thing that is paid by the purchaser of a commodity, (Mgh, O, Msb,) or by the hirer of a thing, (Msb,) on the condition that if the sale (Mgh, O, Msb) or hire (Msb) have effect, it shall be reckoned as part of the price, and otherwise shall not be reclaimed; (Mgh, O, Msb;) called by the vulgar رَبُون: (O:) it is forbidden in a trad., (Mgh, O, TA,) and by most of the lawyers, but allowed by some: (TA:) عربــون is said by As to be a foreign word arabicized, (Msb,) and so say many authors; though it is said by some of the expositors of the Fs to be from التَّعْرِيبُ signifying “ the making clear, plain,” &c.; اربون being also derived from أُرْبَةٌ signifying “ a knot: ” (TA:) and [it is said that] the ن in عربــون and عربــان may be augmentative or radical, because one says أَــعْرَبَ فِى كَذَا and عَرْبَــنَ. (O.) b2: [Hence,] أَلْقَى عَرَبُــونَهُ (assumed tropical:) He ejected his excrement, or ordure. (O, K, TA.) عِرْبِــيَآءُ: see عَرُوبَآءُ.

عَرَابٌ The fruit of the species of tree called خَزَم [q. v.], of the bark of which [tree] ropes are made: (O, K, TA:) [beads which are used in prayer are made thereof, (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees,) i. e., of the berries thus called, and] it [the fruit] is eaten by the apes, or monkeys, and sometimes, in a case of hunger, by men: n. un. with ة. (O, TA.) خَيْلٌ عِرَابٌ Horses of pure Arabian race; (Mgh, K;) opposed to بَرَاذِينُ; (S, O, Msb;) also termed ↓ أَــعْرُبٌ and ↓ مُــعْرِبَــةٌ, (K,) which last [erroneously written in the CK مَــعْرِبَــةٌ] is fem. of مُــعْرِبٌ, signifying a horse having no strain of admixture of other than Arabian blood: (Ks, S, O:) one of such horses is [also] termed ↓ عَرَبِــىٌّ: (Mgh, Msb:) by the pl. عِرَابٌ, they distinguish beasts from human beings. (Mgh.) b2: And إِبِلٌ عِرَابٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ أَــعْرُبٌ (TA) Camels of pure Arabian race: (K;) opposed to بَخَاتِىٌّ. (S, O, Msb.) b3: And بَقَرٌ عِرَابٌ A goodly sort of oxen, of generous race, with short and fine hair, smooth, or sleek, (Msb,) having even backs, and thick hoofs and hides: one of which is termed ↓ عَرَبِــىٌّ. (TA voce دَرَبَانِيَّةٌ.) عَرُوبٌ A woman who manifests love to her husband; (IAar, S, O, K, TA;) and is obedient to him; (IAar, TA;) as also ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ: (TA:) and (so in the O and TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman disobedient to her husband; (IAar, O, K, TA;) unfaithful to him by unchastity; corrupt in her mind: (IAar, O, TA:) as though having two contr. meanings; [the latter meaning] from عَرْب [a mistranscription for عَرَب] signifying

“ corruptness ” of the stomach: (O:) or who loves him passionately, or excessively: or who manifests love to him, evincing passionate, or excessive, desire: [lit., evincing that; meaning what is expressed by the words immediately preceding it; for otherwise this last explanation would be the same as the first; and as I have rendered it, it is nearly the same as an explanation in the Expos. of the Jel (lvi. 36), manifesting love to her husband, by reason of passionate, or excessive, desire:] (K:) and (so in the TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman who is a great laugher: and ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ and ↓ عَرِبَــةٌ signify the same: (K:) the pl. of the first is عُرُبٌ (S, O, K) and عُرْبٌ; (TA;) and the pl. of ↓ عَرِبَــةٌ is عَرِبَــاتٌ: (K:) IAth says that ↓ عَرِبَــةٌ signifies a woman who is eager for play, or sport: and عُرُبٌ, he adds, is pl. of ↓ عَرِيبٌ, which signifies a woman of goodly person, who manifests love to her husband: and it is also said that عُرُبٌ signifies women who use amorous gesture or behaviour, and coquettish boldness, with feigned coyness or opposition: or who make a show of, or act with, lasciviousness: or passionately loving: and ↓ عَرِبَــةٌ and عَرُوبٌ, accord. to Lh, signify a woman passionately loving, and lascivious. (TA.) عَرِيبٌ i. q. ↓ مُــعْرِبٌ, which means, accord. to Az, A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] مَا بِالدَّارِ عَرِيبٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مُــعْرِبٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) There is not in the house any one: (S, O, K:) used [in this sense] as applying to either sex, but only in a negative phrase. (TA.) b3: See also عَرُوبٌ, latter half.

العُرَيْبُ: see الــعَرَبُ (of which it is the dim.), second sentence.

عَرَابَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ. b2: Also Coïtus. (TA.) A2: And A bag with which the udder of a sheep, or goat, is covered: pl. عَرَابَاتٌ. (IAar, O, K.) عِرَابَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَرَابَةٌ (O, TA) and ↓ عَرْبَــةٌ (O) or ↓ عَرْبٌ (TA) Foul, or obscene, speech or talk; (S, O, K, TA;) like إِعْرَابٌ and تَعْرِيبٌ. (K.) عَرُوبَةٌ: see عَرُوبٌ, in two places.

A2: عَرُوبَةُ (O, K) and العَرُوبَةُ (K) and (O) يَوْمُ العَرُوبَةِ (S, O) Friday; (S, O, K;) and ancient name of that day (S, O, TA) in the Time of Ignorance: (TA:) accord. to some, it is most chastely without the article; (TA;) thus it occurs in old poetry of the Time of Ignorance; (O;) and it is thought to be not Arabic; (TA;) and said to be arabicized from the Nabathæan أَرُبَا: (Har p. 340, q. v.:) accord. to others, the article is inseparable from it; and its meaning, accord. to Ibn-En-Nahhás is the manifest and magnified, from أَــعْرَبَ “ he made clear, plain,” &c.; or accord. to an authority cited in the R, its meaning is mercy. (TA.) [See art. ابجد.]

عُرُوبَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ عُرُوبِيَّةٌ (K) The quality of being Arabian: (S, K, TA:) each [said to be] an inf. n. having no verb. (TA. [But see عَرُبَ at the commencement of this art. and under أَــعْرَبَ.]) And ↓ عَرَبِــيَّةٌ is used [in the same sense] as denoting the quality of a horse such as is termed عَرَبِــىٌّ. (TA.) عَرُوبَآءُ a name of The seventh heaven: (IAth, K, TA:) or, accord. to Sub, it is ↓ عِرْبِــيَآءُ, corresponding to جِرْبِيَآءُ, which is a name of “ the seventh earth; ” (TA in this art.;) or these two words are with the article ال. (TA in art. جرب.) عُرُوبِيَّةٌ: see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرَّابٌ One who makes عَرَابَات (pl. of عَرَابَةٌ) i. e. bags to cover the udders of sheep or goats. (IAar, O, K.) عَرَبْــرَبٌ i. q. سُمَّاقٌ [i. e. Sumach]. (O, TA.) قِدْرٌ عَرَبْــرَبِيَّةٌ i. q. سُمَّاقِيَّةٌ [app. meaning A cooking-pot in which food prepared with sumach is cooked]. (O.) عَارِبٌ and عَارِبَةٌ: see عَرِبٌ. b2: الــعَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ: see الــعَرَبُ, in two places.

أَــعْرَبُ More, or most, distinct or plain [&c.]. (TA.) الأَــعْرُبُ is a pl. of الــعَرَبُ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

الأَعْرَابُ: see الــعَرَبُ, latter half.

أَعْرَابِىٌّ: see الــعَرَبُ, latter half.

مُــعْرِبٌ: see عَرِيبٌ, in two places: b2: and see عِرَابٌ. b3: Also One who has horses of pure Arabian race: (S, O:) one who has with him a horse of such race: and one who possesses, or acquires, or seeks to acquire, horses, or camels, of such race. (TA.) اسْمٌ مُــعَرَّبٌ [An arabicized noun;] a noun received by the Arabs from foreigners, indeterminate, [i. e. significant of a meaning, (as is said in the Mz, 19th نوع,)], such as إِبْرِيسَم [meaning “ silk ”], and, if possible, accorded to some one of the forms of Arabic words; otherwise, spoken by them as they received it; and sometimes they derived from it: but if they received it as a proper name, it is not termed مُــعَرَّبٌ, but أَعْجَمِىٌّ, like إِبْرَاهِيمُ and إِسْحَاقُ. (Msb.) [مُــعَرَّبٌ alone is also used in this sense, as a subst: and as such its pl. is مُــعَرَّبَــاتٌ: thus in the Mz, ubi suprà; and often in lexicons &c.]

الــعَرَبُ المُتَــعَرِّبَــةُ and see الــعَرَبُ, each in three places.

الــعَرَبُ المُسْتَــعْرِبَــةُ: see الــعَرَبُ, each in three places.

(ع ر ب) : (الْــعَرَبِــيُّ) وَاحِدُ الْــعَرَبِ وَهُمْ الَّذِينَ اسْتَوْطَنُوا الْمُدُنَ وَالْقُرَى الْــعَرَبِــيَّةَ (وَالْأَعْرَابُ) أَهْلُ الْبَدْوِ وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي نِسْبَتِهِمْ فَالْأَصَحُّ أَنَّهُمْ نُسِبُوا إلَى (عَرَبَــةَ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ وَهِيَ مِنْ تِهَامَةَ لِأَنَّ أَبَاهُمْ إسْمَاعِيلُ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - نَشَأَ بِهَا وَيُقَالُ فَرَسٌ عَرَبِــيٌّ وَخَيْلٌ عِرَابٌ فَرَّقُوا فِي الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الْأَنَاسِيّ وَالْبَهَائِم وَ (عَنْ) أَنَسٍ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - «لَا تَسْتَضِيئُوا بِنَارِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَا تَنْقُشُوا فِي خَوَاتِمكُمْ عَرَبِــيًّا» أَيْ نَقْشًا عَرَبِــيًّا يَعْنِي لَا تُشَاوِرُوهُمْ وَلَا تَكْتُبُوا فِيهَا مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَنْ الْحَسَنِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - وَعَنْ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِيهَا بِالْــعَرَبِــيَّةِ وَعَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُنْقَشَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْقُرْآنِ (وَفِي حَدِيثِ) لَا تَــعَرُّبَ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ أَيْ لَا رُجُوعَ إلَى الْبَدْوِ وَأَنْ يَصِيرَ أَعْرَابِيًّا وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ رِدَّةً فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ فَنُهِيَ عَنْهُ (وَالْإِعْرَابُ وَالتَّعْرِيبُ) الْإِبَانَةُ (وَمِنْهُ) الثَّيِّبُ يُــعْرِبُ عَنْهَا لِسَانُهَا وَقَوْل ابْنِ سَوَّارٍ لِشُرَيْحٍ وَقَدْ فَهَّ صَاحِبُهُ عَنْ حُجَّتِهِ أَيْ عَيَّ وَضَعُفَ أَتَفْسُدُ شَهَادَتِي إنْ أَــعْرَبْــت عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَا أَيْ إنْ تَكَلَّمْتَ عَنْهُ وَاحْتَجَجْتَ وَالتَّعْرِيبُ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى أَشْهَرُ (وَالْــعُرْبَــانِ وَالْــعُرْبُــونُ) وَالْأُرْبَانُ وَالْأُرْبُونُ الَّذِي يَقُولُ لَهُ الْعَامَّةُ الزَّبُون وَهُوَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ السِّلْعَةَ وَيَدْفَعَ شَيْئًا دِينَارًا أَوْ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إنْ تَمَّ الْبَيْعُ حُسِبَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ الثَّمَنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَتِمَّ كَانَ لِلْبَائِعِ (وَفِي) الْحَدِيث نُهِيَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْــعُرْبَــانِ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد قَالَ مَالِكٌ: هُوَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَبْدَ أَوْ يَتَكَارَى الدَّابَّةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ أُعْطِيك دِينَارًا عَلَى أَنِّي إنْ تَرَكْتُ السِّلْعَةَ أَوْ الدَّابَّةَ فَمَا أَعْطَيْتُك فَلَكَ (وَأَــعْرَبَ وَــعَرَّبَ) إذَا أَعْطَى الْــعُرْبَــانَ عَنْ الْفَرَّاءِ وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَنْهَى عَنْ الْإِعْرَابِ فِي الْبَيْعِ.

عرب
الــعَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ والــعَرْبــاءُ: الخُلَّصُ: والــعَرَبُ المُسْتَــعْرِبَــة: الذين دَخَلُوا فيهم بَعْدُ. وتَصْغيرُ الــعَرَبِ: عُرَيْبٌ بغَير الهاء. وإنما سُمِّيَتْ ب عَرَبَــةَ وهي بَأْجَتُهم. وسُمِّيَ يَــعْرُبُ لأنَّه أوَّلُ مَنْ تَــعَرَّبَ؛ وهو أبو قَحْطان. وأنَّ فيه لَعُرُوْبِيَّةً: أي أعْرابِيَّةً. وأعْرَبْــتُ عنه وعَرَّبْــتُ: أفْصَحْت: وعَرَّبْــتُ عنه: تَكَلَّمْتَ عنه. وعَرَّبْــتُ الكلمةَ الفارسِيَّة. والــعَرَبَــةُ: سَفِيْنَةٌ فيها أرْحَاء تَطْحَنْ.
وفَرَسٌ مُــعْرِبٌ: خالِصُ الــعَرَبِــيَّة. ورَجُلٌ مُــعْرِبٌ: صاحِبُ الخَيْل العِرَاب. إِبْلٌ عِرَابٌ: عَرَبِــيَّة.
والعَرُوْبَةُ: يَوْمُ الجُمُعَة، ويُقال: عَرُوبَةُ اسْماً عَلَماً. والمَرْأةُ العَرُوْبُ: الضَّحّاكَةُ الطَّيِّبةُ النَّفْس، وقيل: المُحِبَّةُ لزَوْجِها، والجَميعُ: عُرُبٌ. وتَــعَرَّبَــتِ المرأةُ: تَغَزَّلَتْ، وفي حديث ابن عُمَر: " ما أُوتِيَ أحَدٌ من مُعَارَبَةِ النِّساء ما أوْتِيْتُ " أي مُغَازَلَتِهِنَّ. والــعَرِبَــةُ: العَزِلَة.
والعَرُوْبَةُ: الدَّعْوَةُ في الخِتَان: وعَرَّبْــنا التَّيْسَ: خَصَيْناه. وقد عَرِبَ: أي وَرِمَ من الخِصَاء. والعَرَابةُ: عَسَلُ الخَزَمِ، وسُمِّيَ به لأنَّه يُقال لثَمرِة: العَرَابُ. والواحِدَةُ: عَرَابَةٌ: وقد أعْرَبَــتِ الخَزَمُ: أثْمَرَتْ. ويُقال للمُتَهَلِّل الوَجْهِ: عَرَابَةٌ. وبه سُمِّيَ الرَّجُلُ. والــعَرْبُ: طِيْبُ النَّفْس. وبِئْرٌ عَرِبَــة: كَثيرَةُ الماء، والمَصْدَرُ: الــعَرَبُ. وماءٌ عَرِبٌ أيضاً. والــعِرْبُ: الشِّرْب. والــعَرَبَــةُ: النَّفْس، والجَميعُ: الــعَرَبُ. وعَرِبَ عَرَبَــاً: أتَّخَمَ. ومنه: عَرِبَ الفَرَسُ: نَشِطَ، عَرَبــاً. وعَرَّبْــتُ عليه: خالَفْتَ. وعَرِّبْــتُ بينهم: أفْسَدْتَ. وعَرَّبْــتُه عليه: أنْكَرْتَه، وفي الحديث: " وما يَمْنَعُكُم أن لا تُــعَرِّبُــوا عليه ". وعرَّبْــتُه عنه: مَنَعْتَه. والتَّعْرِيْبُ للدّابَّة: أنْ تُكْوى على أشَاعِرِها في مواضِعَ لِتَشْتَدَّ. وعَرِبَ الجُرْحُ: بَقِيَتْ له آثار بعد البُرءْ إِذا تَوَسَّعَ وانْفَتَحَ له أعْلاه. وفَسَدَ داخِلُه أيضاً. وكذلك في فَسَاد المَعِدَة. وعَرَب الجَرَبُ: اشْتَدَّ وأعْيا الطِّلاءُ. ويُقال أيضاً: عَرِبَ البَعيرُ واسْتَــعْرَبَ. وإبلٌ وغَنَمٌ عَرَابي. وبها عَرَبٌ: أي جَرَبٌ. وقَوْسٌ مُــعَرَّبّــةٌ: مُسْتَصْلَحَةٌ. والــعِرْبُ: يَبِيْسُ البُهْمى، الواحدَة: عِرْبَــةٌ. وأعْرَبْــتُه وعَرَّبْــتُه: أعْطَيْتَه الــعُرْبَــانَ وأسْلَفْتَه. والــعَرَبُ والحَمَرُ: واحِدٌ. وهو دَاءٌ يُصِيْبُ الشّاةَ من العَجِيْنِ والدَّقِيق. تأكُلُ منه أكْلاً شَديداً حتّى يَنْتَفِخَ بَطْنُها.

عَرَبَــةُ:
بالتحريك: هي في الأصل اسم لبلاد الــعرب، قال أبو منصور: اختلف الناس في الــعرب لم سمّوا عربــا فقال بعضهم: أول من أنطق الله لسانه بلغة الــعرب يــعرب بن قحطان وهو أبو اليمن وهم الــعرب العاربة، قال نصر: وعربــة أيضا موضع في أرض فلسطين بها أوقع أبو أمامة الباهلي بالروم لما بعثه يزيد بن أبي سفيان، لا أدري بفتح الراء أو بسكونها، ونشأ إسماعيل بن إبراهيم، عليه السّلام، بين أظهرهم فتكلم بلسانهم، فهو وأولاده الــعرب المستــعربــة، وقال آخرون: نشأ أولاد إسماعيل بــعربــة وهي من تهامة فنسبوا إلى بلدهم، وفي قول النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، خمسة من الأنبياء من الــعرب، وهم إسماعيل وشعيب وصالح وهود ومحمد، وهو دليل على قدم الــعربــية لأن فيهم من كان قبل إسماعيل إلا أنهم كلهم كانوا ينزلون بلاد الــعرب، فكان شعيب وقومه بأرض مدين، وكان صالح وقومه ينزلون ناحية الحجر، وكان هود وقومه عاد ينزلون الأحقاف، [1]- هذا البيت مختل الوزن، غامض المعنى.
وهم أهل عمد، وكان إسماعيل ومحمد، صلّى الله عليهما وسلّم، من سكّان الحرم، وقد وصفنا كلّ موضع من هذه المواضع في مكانه، والذي يتبين ويصحّ من هذا أن كلّ من سكن جزيرة الــعرب ونطق بلسان أهلها فهم الــعرب سمّوا عربــا باسم بلدهم الــعربــات، وقال أبو تراب إسحاق بن الفرج: عربــة باحة الــعرب، وباحة: دار أبي الفصاحة إسماعيل بن إبراهيم، عليه السّلام، قال: وفيها يقول قائلهم وهو أبو طالب بن عبد المطلب عم النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم:
وعربــة دار لا يحلّ حرامها ... من الناس إلا اللّوذعيّ الحلاحل
يعني النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أحلّت له مكة ساعة من نهار ثم هي حرام إلى يوم القيامة، قال:
واضطرّ الشاعر إلى تسكين الراء من عربــة فسكنها كما فعل الآخر:
وما كلّ مبتاع ولو سلف صفقه أراد سلف، وأقامت قريش بــعربــة فتنخت بها وانتشر سائر الــعرب، وبها كان مقام إسماعيل، عليه السلام، وقال هشام بن محمد بن السائب: جزيرة الــعرب تدعى عربــة ومن هنالك قيل للــعرب عربــيّ كما قيل للهندي هنديّ وكما قيل للفارسي فارسيّ لأن بلاده فارس وكما قيل للرومي روميّ لأن بلاده الروم، وأما النبطيّ فكلّ من لم يكن راعيا أو جنديّا عند الــعرب من ساكني الأرضين فهو نبطيّ، وعلى ذلك شاهد من أشعار الــعرب مع حقّ ذلك وبيانه، وقال ابن منقذ الثوري في عربــة:
لنا إبل لم يطمث الذّلّ نيبها ... بــعربــة مأواها بقرن فأبطحا
فلو أنّ قومي طاوعتني سراتهم ... أمرتهم الأمر الذي كان أربحا
فالألسنة التي تجمع الــعربــية كلّها قديمها وحديثها ستة ألسنة وكلها تنسب إلى الأرض والأرض عربــة ولم يسمع لأحد من سكان جزيرة الــعرب أن يقال له عربــيّ إلا لرجل أنطقه الله بلسان منها فإنهم وأولادهم أهل ذلك اللسان دون سائر ألسنة الــعرب، ألا ترى أن بني إسرائيل قد عمروا الحجاز فلم ينسبوا عربــا لأنهم لم ينطقوا فيها بلسان لم يكن قبلهم؟ وبالخط وفي البحرين المسند وفي عمان فهم بمنزلة بني إسرائيل لم ينطقوا فيها بلسان لم يكن قبلهم وكانت بها عاد وثمود وجرهم والعماليق وطسم وجديس وبنو عبد ابن الضخم، وكان آخر من أنطق الله بلسان لم يكن قبله إسماعيل بن إبراهيم ومدين ويافش وهو يفشان فهؤلاء عرب، ومن أشدّ تقارب في النسب وموافقة في القرابة وأشدّ تباعد في اللّغات بنو إسماعيل وبنو إسرائيل أبوهم واحد، وهؤلاء عرب وهؤلاء عبر لأنهم لم ينطقوا بلغة الــعرب وأنطق الله فيها مدين ويافش وعدّة من أولاد إبراهيم فهم عرب، قال عمر بن محمد وأصحابه: أول من أنطقه الله في عربــة بلسان لم يكن قبلهم عوض وصول ابنا إرم وجرهم بن عامر بن شالخ بن أرفخشد بن سام بن نوح، عليه السّلام، ومن بعد البلبلة أنطقهم الله بالمسند، فأهل المسند عاد وثمود والعماليق وجرهم وعبد بن الضخم وطسم وجديس وأميم فهم أول من تكلم بالــعربــية بعد البلبلة ولسانهم المسند وكتابهم المسند، قال هشام: قال أبي أول من تكلم بالــعربــية يقطن بن عامر بن شالخ بن أرفخشد بن سام بن نوح، ويقال: إن يقطن هو قحطان عرّب فسمّي قحطان ولذلك سمّي ابنه يــعرب بن قحطان
لأنه أول من تكلم بالــعربــية، واللسان الثاني ممن أنطقه الله في عربــة بلسان لم يكن قبلهم جرهم بن فالج وبنوه أنطقهم الله بالزّبور فهم الثاني ممن تكلم بالــعربــية ولسانهم الزّبور وكتابهم الزّبور، واللسان الثالث ممن أنطقه الله في عربــة بلسان لم يكن قبلهم يقطن بن عامر وبنوه فأنطقوا بالزقزقة فهم الثالث ممن تكلم بالــعربــية ولسانهم الزقزقة وكتابهم الزقزقة، واللسان الرابع ممن أنطقه الله في عربــة بلسان لم يكن قبلهم مدين بن إبراهيم وبنوه فأنطقوا بالحويل فهم الرابع ممن تكلم بالــعربــية ولسانهم الحويل وكتابهم الحويل، واللسان الخامس ممن أنطق الله في عربــة بلسان لم يكن قبلهم يافش بن إبراهيم وإخوته فأنطقوا بالرّشق فهم الخامس ممن تكلم بالــعربــية ولسانهم الرشق وكتابهم الرشق، واللسان السادس ممن أنطقه الله في عربــة بلسان لم يكن قبلهم إسماعيل بن إبراهيم فأنطقوا بالمبين وهو السادس ممن تكلم بالــعربــية هو وبنوه ولسانهم المبين وكتابهم المبين وهو الغالب على الــعرب اليوم، فالمسند كلام حمير اليوم والزّبور كلام بعض أهل اليمن وحضرموت والرشق كلام أهل عدن والجند والحويل كلام مهرة والزقزقة الأشعرون والمبين معدّ بن عدنان وهو الغالب على الــعرب كلها اليوم، قال: وكذلك أهل كلّ بلاد لا يقال فارسيّ إلا إن أنطقه الله بلسان لم يكن قبلهم ولا روميّ ولا هنديّ ولا صينيّ ولا بربريّ، ألا ترى أن في بلاد فارس من أهل الحيرة وأهل الأنبار في بلاد الروم وأشباه هؤلاء فلا ينسبون إلى البلاد؟ والــعربــة أيضا: موضع بفلسطين كانت به وقعة للمسلمين في أول الإسلام، وقال أبو سفيان الأكلبي من خثعم، ويقال هو أكلب بن ربيعة بن نزار وإنهم دخلوا في خثعهم بحلف فصاروا منهم:
أبونا رسول الله وابن خليله ... بــعربــة بوّأنا، فنعم المركّب
أبونا الذي لم تركب الخيل قبله، ... ولم يدر شيخ قبله كيف يركب
وقال أسد بن الجاحل:
وعربــة أرض جدّ في الشهر أهلها ... كما جدّ في شرب النّقاخ ظماء
مجيء عربــة في هذه الأشعار كلها ساكنة الراء دليل على أنها ليست ضرورة وأن الأصل سكون الراء.

جَزيرَةُ الــعَرَب:
قد اختلف في تحديدها، وأحسن ما قيل فيها ما ذكره أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب مسندا إلى ابن عباس، قال: اقتسمت الــعرب جزيرتها على خمسة أقسام، قال: وإنما سميت بلاد الــعرب جزيرة لإحاطة الأنهار والبحار بها من جميع أقطارها وأطرافها فصاروا منها في مثل الجزيرة من جزائر البحر، وذلك أن الفرات أقبل من بلاد الروم فظهر بناحية قنّسرين ثم انحط على أطراف الجزيرة وسواد العراق حتى وقع في البحر في ناحية البصرة والأبلّة وامتدّ إلى عبادان، وأخذ البحر في ذلك الموضع مغربا مطيفا ببلاد الــعرب منعطفا عليها فأتى منها على سفوان وكاظمة إلى القطيف وهجر وأسياف البحرين وقطر وعمان والشّحر ومال منه عنق إلى حضرموت وناحية أبين وعدن وانعطف مغربا نصبا إلى دهلك واستطال ذلك العنق فطعن في تهائم اليمن إلى بلاد فرسان وحكم والأشعريين وعكّ ومضى إلى جدّة ساحل مكة والجار ساحل المدينة ثم ساحل الطور وخليج أيلة وساحل راية حتى بلغ قلزم مصر وخالط بلادها، وأقبل النيل في غربي هذا العنق من أعلى بلاد السودان مستطيلا معارضا للبحر معه حتى دفع في بحر مصر والشام، ثم أقبل ذلك البحر من مصر حتى بلغ بلاد فلسطين فمرّ بعسقلان وسواحلها وأتى صور ساحل الأردنّ وعلى بيروت وذواتها من سواحل دمشق ثم نفذ إلى سواحل حمص وسواحل قنّسرين حتى خالط الناحية التي أقبل منها الفرات منحطّا على أطراف قنّسرين والجزيرة إلى سواد العراق، قال: فصارت بلاد الــعرب من هذه الجزيرة التي نزلوها وتوالدوا فيها على خمسة أقسام عند الــعرب في أشعارها وأخبارها:
تهامة والحجاز ونجد والعروض واليمن، وذلك أن جبل السراة، وهو أعظم جبال الــعرب وأذكرها، أقبل من قعرة اليمن حتى بلغ أطراف بوادي الشام فسمّته الــعرب حجازا لأنه حجز بين الغور، وهو تهامة، وهو هابط، وبين نجد، وهو ظاهر، فصار ما خلف ذلك الجبل في غربيّه إلى أسياف البحر من بلاد الأشعريين وعكّ وكنانة وغيرها ودونها إلى ذات عرق والجحفة وما صاقبها، وغار من أرضها الغور غور تهامة، وتهامة تجمع ذلك كله، وصار ما دون ذلك الجبل في شرقيّه من صحاري نجد إلى أطراف العراق والسماوة وما يليها نجدا، ونجد تجمع ذلك كله، وصار الجبل نفسه، وهو سراته، وهو الحجاز وما احتجز به في شرقيه من الجبال وانحاز إلى ناحية فيد والجبلين إلى المدينة ومن بلاد مذحج تثليث وما دونها إلى ناحية فيد حجازا، والــعرب تسمّيه نجدا وجلسا، والجلس ما ارتفع من الأرض، وكذلك النجد، والحجاز يجمع ذلك كله، وصارت بلاد اليمامة والبحرين وما والاهما العروض وفيها نجد وغور لقربها من البحر وانخفاض مواضع منها ومسايل أودية فيها، والعروض يجمع ذلك كله، وصار ما خلف تثليث وما قاربها إلى صنعاء وما والاها من البلاد إلى حضرموت والشّحر وعمان وما يلي ذلك اليمن، وفيها تهامة ونجد، واليمن تجمع ذلك كله، فمكة من تهامة، والمدينة والطائف من نجد والعالية وقال ابن الأعرابي: الجزيرة ما كان فوق تيه، وإنما سميت جزيرة لأنها تقطع الفرات ودجلة ثم تقطع في البرّ، [1] وهي أيضا شكر بوزن زفر.
وقرأت في نوادر ابن الأعرابي قال الهيثم بن عدي:
جزيرة الــعرب من العذيب إلى حضرموت، ثم قال ما أحسن ما قال! وقال الأصمعي: جزيرة الــعرب إلى عدن أبين في الطول والعرض من الأبلّة إلى جدّة وأنشد الأسود بن يعفر وكان قد كفّ بصره:
ومن البليّة، لا أبا لك، أنني ... ضربت عليّ الأرض بالأسداد
لا أهتدي فيها لموضع تلعة، ... بين العذيب إلى جبال مراد
قال فهذا طول جزيرة الــعرب على ما ذكر وقال بعض المعمّرين:
لم يبق يا خدلة من لداتي ... أبو بنين، لا ولا بنات
من مسقط الشّحر إلى الفرات، ... إلّا يعدّ اليوم في الأموات
هل مشتر أبيعه حياتي؟
فالشحر بين عمان وعدن قال الأصمعي: جزيرة الــعرب أربعة أقسام: اليمن ونجد والحجاز والغور، وهي تهامة، فمن جزيرة الــعرب الحجاز وما جمعه وتهامة واليمن وسبا والأحقاف واليمامة والشحر وهجر وعمان والطائف ونجران والحجر وديار ثمود والبئر المعطلة والقصر المشيد وإرم ذات العماد وأصحاب الأخدود وديار كندة وجبال طيء وما بين ذلك.

عربــد

Q. 1 عَرْبَــدَ, inf. n. عَرْبَــدَةٌ, He showed illnature, or an evil disposition, and behaved unsociably, towards his cup-companion. (TK.) One says, هُوَ يُــعَرْبِــدُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ عَرْبَــدَةَ السَّكْرَانِ He behaves in an annoying manner towards his companions as does the drunken. (A.) Accord. to some, this verb is from عِرْبَــدٌّ as signifying “ a red and malignant, or noxious, serpent. ” (TA.) عِرْبِــدٌ: see عِرْبَــدٌّ: b2: and مُــعَرْبِــدٌ.

A2: Also Rough ground. (K.) عَرْبَــدَةٌ Illnature, or evil disposition. (S, A, O, K. [See the verb of which it is the inf. n., above.]) عِرْبَــدٌّ, (S, O, K,) quasi-coordinate to جِرْدَحْلٌ, (S, O,) and عِرْبِــدٌّ, (K,) A serpent that blows but does not hurt; (S, O, K;) accord. to Aboo-Kheyreh and ISh, (TA,) or Sh, (O,) a serpent of a red colour with dusky and black specks, (O, TA,) always appearing among us, (O,) that does not hurt, (TA,) or that seldom injures small or great, (O,) unless it be hurt: (O, TA:) or a red and malignant, or noxious, serpent; (O, K;) for a man, in some verses cited by IAar, likens himself, in his treatment of his enemies, to this serpent; and how should he describe himself as a serpent that blows at the enemies and does not hurt them? (TA:) and, (K,) or the former word, accord. to Sh, (O,) the male viper: (O, K:) and the former, accord. to Th, a light, or an active, serpent: (L:) or so ↓ عِرْبِــدٌ: (TA:) or this last signifies the serpent [absolutely]. (IAar, O, K.) b2: Also the former word, (O, K,) and the latter, (K,) i. q. شَدِيدٌ [app. as meaning Vehement, or the like], applied to anything: (O, K:) accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, the latter is applied in this sense to anger. (O.) A2: Also both words, (K,) or, accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, the latter, (O,) Custom, habit, or wont: (O, K:) but app. mistranscribed for عَرِيدٌ. (TA.) b2: And one says, رَكِبْتُ عِرْبَــدِّى, (K, TA,) or عِرْبِــدِّى, (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) meaning I went without pausing, or waiting, for anything: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA:) or I followed my own opinion. (TA in art. عصد.) عِرْبِــيدٌ: see what follows, in two places.

مُــعَرْبِــدٌ (IDrd, S, A, O, K) and ↓ عِرْبِــيدٌ (IDrd, O, K) One who behaves in an annoying manner (S, A, K) towards his cup-companion, (S, K,) or towards his companions, (A,) in his intoxication; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ عِرْبِــدٌ: and the first and second, a man who behaves in an evil, or a mischievous, manner, towards another or others: (TA:) or ↓ the second signifies having much evilness of disposition, or manners, in intoxication. (Har p. 453.)

بيان الرياض التي ببلاد الــعرب
مرتّب ما أضيفت إليه على حروف المعجم، عددها مائة وست وثلاثون روضة، روى أبو عبيد عن الكسائي: استراض الوادي إذا استنقع فيه الماء، قال شمر: وإنّما سميت روضة لاستراضة الماء فيها، وقال غيره: أراض الوادي إراضة إذا استراض الماء فيه أيضا، وأراض الحوض إذا اجتمع فيه الماء، ويقال لذلك الماء روضة، قال الراجز:
وروضة سقيت منها نضوي
ورياض الصّمّان والحزن: في البادية قيعان وسلقان واسعة مطمئنة بين ظهراني قفاف وجلد من الأرض يسيل إليها ماء سيولها فيستريض فيها فتنبت ضروبا من العشب والبقول ولا يسرع إليها الهيج والذّبول، وإذا أعشبت تلك الرياض وتتابع عليها الوسمي ربعت الــعرب ونعمها جمعاء، وإذا كانت الرياض في أعالي البراق والقفاف فهي السّلقان، واحدها سلق، وإذا كانت في الوطأة فهي الرياض، وفي بعض الرياض حرجات من السدر البرّي، وربّما كانت الروضة واسعة يكون تقديرها ميلا في ميل، فإذا عرضت جدّا فهي قيعان وقيعة، واحدها قاع، وكلّ ما يجتمع في الآخاذ والمساكات والتّناهي فهي روضة عند الــعرب، هذا قول محمد بن أحمد بن طلحة على ما شاهده في بلاد الــعرب، وقال النضر بن شميل:
الروضة قاع من أرض فيه جراثيم ورواب، والرابية والجرثومة: سهلتان عرضهما عشرة أذرع أو نحوها وطولهما قليل، وفي سرار الروضة تصوّب على ما حولها، وهي أرض طين وحده يستنقع فيه الماء يتحيّر، يقال: استراض الماء فيها أي تحيّر فيها، وقد تكون الروضة وهدة، وعرضها وطولها سواء، وأصغر الرياض مائة ذراع ونحو ذلك، وليست روضة إلّا لها احتقان، واحتقانها أن جوانبها تشرف على سرارها فذاك احتقانها، وربّ روضة مستوية لا يشرف بعضها على بعض فتلك لا احتقان لها، وكل روض يفرغ إمّا في روض وإمّا في واد أو في قفّ فتلك الأرض أبدا روضة كل زمان كان فيها عشب أو لم يكن، ومن تلك الجراثيم التي في الروضة ما يعلوه الماء ولكن ربّما هضمت عليه الروضة منها، وأما مذانب الروضة، والواحد مذنب، فكهيئة الجدول يسيل عن الروضة ماؤها إلى غيرها فيتفرّق ماؤها فيها، والتي يسيل الماء عليها أيضا مذانب الروضة سواء، وأمّا حدائق الروض فهو ما أعشب منه والتفّ، يقال: روضة بني فلان ما هي إلّا حديقة لا يجوز فيها شيء، وقد أحدقت الروضة عشبا، وإذا لم يكن
فيها عشب فهي روضة، فإذا كان فيها عشب ملتف فهي حديقة، وإنّما سموها حديقة من الأرض لأن النبت في غير الروضة متفرّق وهو في الروضة ملتفّ متكاوس فالروضة حينئذ حديقة الأرض وهما حديقة حينئذ، والرياض المجهولة كثيرة جدّا، إنّما نذكر ههنا الأعلام منها وما أضيف إلى قوم أو موضع تجاوره أو واد أو رجل بعينه، واعلم أنّهم يقولون روضة وروضتان ورياض وروضات، كلّ ذلك لضرورة الشعر فاعرفه، والله الموفق للصواب.