حكم
1 حَكَمَهُ, (
S,
K,) [
aor. ـُ
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. حُكْمٌ, (
Msb,
K, [in the
TK حَكْمٌ,]) in its primary acceptation, (
Msb,) He prevented, restrained, or withheld, him (
S,
Msb,
K) from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner; as also ↓ احكمهُ: (
K:) and (
K) from doing that which he desired; as also ↓ احكمهُ; and ↓ حكّمهُ, (
S,
K,)
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: (
S:) and حُكُومَةٌ [is another
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. of حَكَمَهُ, and],
accord. to
As, primarily signifies the turning a man back from wrongdoing. (
TA.) Ibrá-heem En-Nakha'ee is related to have said, ↓ حَكِّمِ اليَتِيمَ كَمَا تُحَكِّمُ وَلَدَكَ, meaning Restrain thou the orphan from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner, and make him good, or virtuous, as thou restrainest thine offspring &c.: and of every one whom thou preventest, or restrainest, or withholdest, from doing a thing, thou sayest, [حَكَمْتُهُ and] ↓ حكّمته and ↓ احكمته: or,
accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, as related by
Sh, the forementioned saying of En-Nakh'ee means let the orphan decide respecting his property, when he is good, or virtuous, as thou lettest thine offspring &c.; but this explanation is not approved. (
Az,
TA.) And Jereer says, سُفَهَآءَكُمْ ↓ أًبَنِى حَنِيفَةَ أَحْكِمُوا
إِنِّى أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ أَنْ أَغْضَبَا [O sons of Haneefeh, restrain your lightwitted ones: verily I fear for you that I may be angry]: (
S,
TA:) i. e., restrain and prevent them from opposing me. (
TA.) You say, also, عَنِ ↓ احكمهُ الأَمْرِ He made him to turn back, or revert, from the thing, or affair. (
K.)
b2: حَكَمَ الفَرَسَ, and ↓ احكمهُ, and ↓ حكّمهُ, He pulled in the horse by the bridle and bit, to stop him; he curbed, or restrained, him. (
TA.) And حَكَمَ الدَّابَّةَ, (
S,) or الفَرَسَ, (
K,)
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. حَكْمٌ; (
S; [so in my two copies of that work;]) and ↓ أَحْكَمَهَا, (
S,) or احكمهُ; (
K;) He put a حَكَمَة [
q. v.] to the bit of the beast, or horse. (
S, *
K.)
b3: And ↓ حكّم الحَوَادِثَ (assumed
tropical:) [He controlled events: see مُحَكَّمٌ]. (
MF.)
b4: حَكَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا originally signifies I prevented, restrained, or withheld, him from doing, or suffering, any other than such a thing, so that he could not escape it. (
Msb.) [Hence it means I condemned him to such a thing; as, for instance, the payment of a fine or of a debt, and death.] And hence, (
Msb,) حَكَمَ, (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـُ (
S,
K,)
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. حُكْمٌ (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K) and حُكُومَةٌ, (
K,) He judged, gave judgment, passed sentence, or decided judicially, بَيْنَهُمْ between them, (
S,
Msb,
K,
TA,) and لَهُ in his favour, and عَلَيْهِ against him. (
S,
TA.) And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالأَمْرِ He decided judicially the thing, or affair, or case, against him. (
K,
TA.) And حَكَمَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا [He awarded by judicial sentence in his favour, against him (i. e. another person), such a thing]. (
Mgh.) [And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ He exercised judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government, over him. and حَكَمَ بِكَذَا He ordered, ordained, or decreed, such a thing.]
A2: حَكَمَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ He turned back, or reverted, from the thing, or affair. (
IAar,
Az,
K.)
A3: حَكُمَ, (
S,
MA,
TA,) with damm to the ك, (
S,) like كَرُمَ, (
TA,) [not حَكَمَ as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. حُكْمٌ (
KL,
MA) and حِكْمَةٌ, (
MA,) He was, or became, such as is termed حَكِيمٌ [i. e. wise, &c.]. (
S,
KL,
MA,
TA.)
b2: And حكم,
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. حكم, [so in the
TA, without any
syll. signs,
app. حَكُمَ
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. حُكْمٌ,] is said of a man, signifying He reached the utmost point, or degree, in its meaning (فِى
مَعْنَاهُ [i. e.,
app., in what is the radical meaning of the verb, namely, in judging; like قَضُوَ]); in praising, not in dispraising. (
TA.) 2 حكّمهُ,
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: see 1, in five places.
b2: Also [He made him judge; or] he committed to him the office of judging, giving judgment, passing sentence, or deciding judicially; (
Mgh,
Msb;) or he ordered him to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially; (
K;) or he allowed him to judge, &c.; (
TA;) فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair, or case. (
K.) And حَكَّمْتُهُ فِى مَالِى
I gave him authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting my property. (
S,
TA.)
b3: Hence, حَكَّمَتِ الخَوَارِجُ The [schismatics called the] خوارج asserted that judgment (الحُكْمُ) belongs not to any but God. (
Mgh.) تَحْكِيمُ الحَرُورِيَّةِ, in the
K, erroneously, ↓ تَحَكُّمُ الحروريّة, (
TA,) signifies The assertion of the [schismatics called] حروريّة that there is no judgment (حُكْم) but God's, (
K,
TA,) and that there is no judge (حَكَم) but God. (
TA.) 3 حاكمهُ إِلَى الحَاكِمِ, (
K,)
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. مُحَاكَمَةٌ, (
S,) He summoned him to the judge, and litigated with him, (
S,
K,
TA,) seeking judgment: and he made a complaint of him to the judge; or brought him before the judge to arraign him and litigate with him, and made a complaint of him. (
TA.) And حَاكَمْنَاهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ We summoned him to the judgment of God [administered by the
Kádee]. (
TA.) بِكَ حَاكَمْتُ, occurring in a
trad., is said to mean I have submitted the judgment [of my case] to Thee, and there is no judgment but thine; and by Thee [or thy means or aid] I have litigated in seeking judgment and in proving the falseness of him who has disputed with me in the matter of religion. (
TA. [The past tense, here, is perhaps used as a
corroborative present.]) 4 أَحْكَمَ see 1, in seven places. The saying of Lebeed, describing a coat of mail, أَحْكَمَ الجِنْثِىَّ مِنْ عَوْرَاتِهَا كُلُّ حِرْبَآءٍ إِذَا أُكْرِهَ صَلٌّ is explained as meaning Every nail repelled the sword from its interstices: [when it was struck with force, it made a clashing sound:] or, as some say, [the right reading is الجنثىُّ and كُلَّ, (as in the
S in arts. جنث and صل,) and,
accord. to some, صَنْعَتِهَا in the place of عوراتها, (as in the
S and
M in art. صل,) and] the meaning is, the manufacturer thereof made firm, or strong, every nail [of its interstices, or of its fabric: &c.]: احكم in this case signifying أَحْرَزَ [agreeably with the explanation here next following]. (
TA.)
b2: احكمهُ, (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K,)
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. إِحْكَامٌ, (
TA,)
i. q. أَتْقَنَهُ [He made it, or rendered it, (namely, a thing,
S,
Mgh,
Msb,) firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; he made it firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, so that it was firmly and closely joined or knit together, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; he so constructed, constituted, established, settled, arranged, did, performed, or executed, it; he put it into a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing: and he knew it, or learned it, soundly, thoroughly, or well; see 1, last sentence, in art. حنك]. (
Msb,
K.) Hence, in the
Kur [xi. 1], كِتَابٌ أَحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ (
TA) i. e. [A book whereof the verses are rendered valid] by arguments and proofs; (
Bd;) or by command and prohibition, and the statement of what is lawful and unlawful: (
TA:) or disposed in a sound manner, (
Ksh,
Bd,) with respect to the words and meanings, (
Bd,) like a building firmly and orderly and well constructed: (
Ksh:) or prevented from being corrupted (
Ksh,
Bd) and from being abrogated: (
Bd:) or made to be characterized by wisdom, (
Ksh,
Bd:) as comprising the sources of speculative and practical wisdom. (
Bd.) and hence one says of a man such as is termed حَكِيم, [i. e. wise, &c.,] قَدْ أَحْكَمَتْهُ التَّجَارِبُ [Tryings have rendered him firm, or sound, in judgment]. (
TA.)
b3: [Hence, أُحْكِمَ عَنْ كَذَا It was secured from such a thing: see مُحْكَمٌ.]
b4: [إِحْكَامٌ is also often used as the
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. of the
pass. verb, signifying The being firm, &c.; or firmness, &c.: see مِرَّةٌ.]
b5: See also حَكَمَةٌ.
5 تحكّم فِيهِ He did [or decided] according to his own judgment, or did what he judged fit, respecting it, or in it: (
Msb:) or he had authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting it; (
K,
TA;) as also فيه ↓ احتكم: (
S,
K:) each is quasi-
pass. of حَكَّمَهُ; the former regular, and the latter irregular: (
TA:) or the former signifies he pretended to have authority to judge, &c. (
KL.) You say, عَلَىَّ ↓ احتكم فِى مَالِى He had authority over me to judge, &c., respecting my property. (
S.)
b2: See also 2.
6 تحاكموا إِلَى الحَاكِمِ They summoned one another to the judge, [seeking judgment, (see 3,)] and litigated; as also إِلَيْهِ ↓ احتكموا. (
S,
TA.) 8 إِحْتَكَمَ see 5, in two places:
b2: and 6:
b3: and 10.
10 استحكم He (a man) refrained from what would injure him in his religion and his worldly concerns. (Aboo-' Adnán,
TA.)
b2: Also quasipass. of أَحْكَمَهُ (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K) as signifying أَتْقَنَهُ; (
Msb,
K;) [It was, or became, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, firmly and closely joined or knit together, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well, made or constructed or constituted or established or settled or arranged or done or performed or executed: and, said of a quality or faculty &c., it was, or became, firm, strong, sound, free from defect or imperfection, established, or confirmed:] and, said of an affair, or a case, it was, or became, in a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing; as also ↓ احتكم. (
TA.)
b3: استحكم عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The thing, or affair, became confused and dubious to him;
syn. اِلْتَبَسَ: so in the A. (
TA. [But this seems to require confirmation.]) حُكْمٌ [
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. of 1,
q. v.,] originally signifies Prevention, or restraint. (
Msb.)
b2: And hence, (
Msb,) Judgment, or judicial decision: (
S,
Msb,
K,
TA:) or judgment respecting a thing, that it is such a thing, or is not such a thing, whether it be necessarily connected with another thing, or not: (
TA:) [whence,] in logic, [what our logicians term judgment; i. e.] the judging a thing to stand to another [thing] in the relation of an
attribute to its subject, affirmatively or negatively; or the perception of relation or non-relation: (
Kull:) or it properly signifies judgment with equity or justice: (
Az,
TA:) and ↓ حُكُومَةٌ signifies the same; (
K,
TA;) originally,
accord. to
As, the restraint of a man from wrongdoing: (
TA:) [each, though an
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n., being used as a simple
subst., has its
pl.:] the
pl. of the former is أَحْكَامٌ, (
K,) [properly a
pl. of pauc., but] its only
pl. form: and the
pl. of the latter is حُكُومَاتٌ. (
TA.) You say, وَ يَفْصِلُ ↓ هُوَ يَتَوَلَّى الحُكُومَاتِ الخُصُومَاتِ [He presides over the affairs of judgment, and decides litigations]. (
TA.) And it is said in a
trad., إِنَّ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ لَحُكْمًا meaning Verily, of poetry, there is that which is true judgment: so says
Er-Rághib: or, as others say, profitable discourse, such as restrains from, and forbids, ignorant and silly behaviour; i. e., [what contains] exhortations and proverbs profitable to men: or, the right reading is, as some relate it, ↓ لَحِكْمَةً [i. e. wisdom, &c.]: (
TA:) or حِكَمًا [
pl. of حِكْمَة]. (So in a copy of the “
Jámi' es-Sagheer ” of Es-Suyootee.)
b3: [The exercise of judicial authority; jurisdiction; rule; dominion; or government. See also حُكُومَةٌ.
b4: An ordinance; a statute; a prescript; an edict; a decree; or a particular law; like قَضَآءٌ. Hence the phrase حُكْمَ العَادَةِ According to custom or usage; properly, according to the ordinance of custom or usage.
b5: A rule in grammar &c.; as when one says, حُكْمُ الفَاعِلِ الرَّفْعُ or أَنْ يُرْفَعَ, i. e. The rule applying to the case of the
agent is that it be put in the
nom. case; and حُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ كَذَا, or كَحُكْمِ كذا, i. e. The rule applying to it is the same as the rule applying to such a thing, or like the rule applying to such a thing.
b6: It may often be rendered Predicament: (thus the last of the foregoing exs. may be rendered Its predicament is the same as the predicament of such a thing, or like the predicament of such a thing:) and حُكْمًا, or فِى الحُكْمِ, predicamentally, or in respect of predicament; and virtually; as distinguished from لَفْظًا (literally), and حَقِيقَةً (really), and the like.]
b7: Also Knowledge of the law in matters of religion. (
TA.)
b8: See also حِكْمَةٌ, in two places. It is a more general term than حِكْمَةٌ; for all حِكْمَة is حُكْم, but the reverse is not the case. (
Er-Rághib,
TA.) حَكَمٌ: see حَاكِمٌ, in two places; and مُحَكِّمٌ.
[Hence,] الحَكَمُ [The Judge] is one of the names of God. (
TA.)
b2: A man advanced in age (
K,
TA) to the utmost degree. (
TA.)
A2: See also حَكَمَةٌ.
حِكْمَةٌ [properly, or primarily,] signifies What prevents, or restrains, from ignorant behaviour: (
Mgh:) [in its most usual sense, which is wisdom, agreeably with explanations here following,] it is derived from حَكَمَةٌ, signifying a certain appertenance of a beast, [a kind of curb,] because it prevents its possessor from having bad dispositions: (
Msb:) it means knowledge; or science; (
S,
K;) as also ↓ حُكْمٌ: (
S,
TA:) or [generally] knowledge of the true natures of things, and action according to the requirements thereof; and therefore it is divided into intellectual and practical: or a state, or quality, of the intellectual faculty: this is the theological حِكْمَة: in the
Kur xxxi. 11, by the حِكْمَة given by God to Lukmán, is meant the evidence of the intellect in accordance with the statutes of the law: (
TA:) in the conventional language of the learned, it means the perfecting of the human mind by the acquisition of the speculative sciences, and of the complete faculty of doing excellent deeds, according to the ability possessed: (
Bd on the passage of the
Kur above mentioned:) or it means the attainment of that which is true, or right, by knowledge and by deed: so that in God it is the knowledge of things, and the origination thereof in the most perfect manner: and, in man, the knowledge and doing of good things: or it means acquaintance with the most excellent of things by the most excellent kind of knowledge: (
TA:) [and in the modern language, philosophy:
pl. حِكَمٌ:] see حُكْمٌ.
b2: Also Equity, or justice, (
K,
TA,) in judgment or judicial decision; and so ↓ حُكْمٌ. (
TA.)
b3: and
i. q. حِلْمٌ; (
K,
TA;) i. e. [Forbearance, or clemency, or] the management of one's soul and temper on the occasion of excitement of anger: which, if correct, is nearly the same as equity or justice. (
TA.)
b4: And Obedience of God: and knowledge in matters of religion, and the acting agreeably therewith: and understanding: and reverential fear; piety; pious fear; or abstinence from unlawful things: and the doing, or saying, that which is right: and reflection upon what God has commanded, and doing according thereto. (
TA.)
b5: And [Knowledge of] the interpretation of the
Kur-án, and saying that which is right in relation to it: so in the
Kur ii. 272. (
TA.)
b6: And The gift of prophecy, or the prophetic office; (
K,
TA;) and apostleship: so in the
Kur ii. 252 and iii. 43 and xxxviii. 19: (
TA:) or in the [first and] last of these instances it means
b7: The Book of the Psalms [of David]: or, as some say, any saying, or discourse, agreeable with the truth: (
Mgh:) and it also means [in other instances] the Book of the Law of Moses: (
TA:) and the Gospel: and the
Kur-án: (
K:) because each of these comprises what is termed الحِكْمَةُ المَنْطُوقُ بِهَا, i. e. the secrets of the sciences of the law and of the course of conduct; and الحِكْمَةُ المَسْكُوتُ عَنْهَا, i. e. the secrets of the science of the Divine Essence. (
TA.) حَكَمَةٌ [A kind of curb for a horse;] a certain appertenance of a beast; so called because it renders him manageable, or submissive, to the rider, and prevents him from being refractory and the like; (
Msb;) or because it prevents him from vehement running: (
TA:) it is the appertenance of the لِجَام [or bridle] that surrounds the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw]: the Arabs used to make it of untanned thong or of hemp; because what they aimed at was courage, not finery: (
S:) or the appertenance of the لجام that surrounds the حَنَكَانِ [which word
app. here means the two jaws] of the horse, and in which are [attached] the عِذَارَانِ [or two side-pieces of the headstall, that lie against the two cheeks]: (
K:) or a ring which surrounds the مَرْسِن [or part of the nose which is the place of the halter] and the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw], of silver or iron or thong: (
IDrd in his Book on the Saddle and Bridle:) or a ring which is upon (فى) the mouth of the horse: (
ISh,
TA:)
pl. حَكَمَاتٌ (
S,
TA) and [
coll. gen. n.] ↓ حَكَمٌ. (
TA.) Zuheyr says, describing horses, حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ meaning قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ بِحَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ بِحَكَمَاتِ الأَبَقِ [That had been curbed with curbs of untanned thong, and with curbs of hemp]: (
S,
TA:) or,
accord. to Abu-l-Hasan, [the meaning is that had been furnished with curbs &c.; for he says that]
احكمت is here made
trans. because it implies the signification of قُلِّدَتْ: (
TA:) some relate the hemistich thus: حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ مَحْكُومَةً
[furnished with curbs of untanned thong, and hemp]. (
S,
TA.)
b2: (assumed
tropical:) The chin of a sheep (
S,
K) or goat. (
S.)
b3: And, of a man, (
tropical:) The fore part of the face: (
K,
TA:) or, as some say, the lower part of the face: a
metaphorical term from the حَكَمَة of the لِجَام: (
TA:) or [in some copies of the
K “ and ”] (
tropical:) his head: [
accord. to the
CK, or the fore part of the head of a man:] and (
tropical:) his state, or condition: and (
tropical:) rank, and station. (
K,
TA.) You say, رَفَعَ اللّٰهُ حَكَمَتَهُ (
tropical:) God exalted, or may God exalt, his head, or his state, or condition, and his rank, and station: because the stooping of the head is a characteristic of the low, or abject. (
TA.) And لَهُ عِنْدَنَا حَكَمَةٌ (
tropical:) He has rank in our estimation. (
TA.) And فُلَانٌ عَالِى الحَكَمَةِ (
tropical:) [Such a one is elevated in respect of rank, or station.] (
TA.)
A2: [See also حَاكِمٌ, of which it is a
pl.]
حَكِيمٌ Possessing knowledge or science; [in its most usual sense,] possessing حِكْمَة [as meaning wisdom]; (
S,
TA; [see also أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ;]) [wise; a sage: and in the modern language, a philosopher: and particularly a physician:] one who performs, or executes, affairs firmly, solidly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; (
S,
IAth;) so that it is, in this sense, of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعِلٌ: (
IAth,
TA:) one who executes well, and firmly, solidly, &c., the niceties of arts: (
TA:) [
pl. حُكَمَآءُ.] الحَكِيمُ [as meaning The All-wise] is one of the names of God. (
TA.)
b2: الذِّكْرُ الحَكِيمُ, applied to the
Kur-án, means [The admonition] that decides judicially in your favour and against you: or that is rendered free from defect or imperfection; in which is no incongruity, nor any unsoundness. (
TA.) حُكُومَةٌ an
ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. of حَكَمَ [
q. v.]: (
K:) [and used as a simple
subst.;
pl. حُكُومَاتٌ:] see حُكْمٌ, in two places.
b2: Also [Judicial authority; authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, فِى أَمْرٍ respecting an affair, or a case;] a
subst. from اِحْتَكَمَ and تَحَكَّمَ; and so ↓ أُحْكُومَةٌ. (
K,
TA.) حَاكِمٌ One who judges, gives judgment, passes sentence, or decides judicially; a judge; an arbiter, arbitrator, or umpire; (
S *
Msb,
K,
TA;) between people: (
Msb,
TA:) [one who exercises judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government; a ruler, or governor:] and ↓ حَكَمٌ signifies the same: (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K:) the حَاكِم between people is so called because he restrains from wrongdoing: (
As,
TA:) the
pl. is حُكَّامٌ (
Msb,
K) and حَكَمَةٌ, meaning judges, [&c.,] (
TA,) and حَاكِمُونَ is allowable. (
Msb.) It is said in a
prov., ↓ فِى بَيْتِهِ يُؤْتَى الحَكَمُ [In his house the judge is to be come to]. (
S. [See Freytag's Arab.
Prov. ii. 204.]) الحَاكِمُ [as meaning The Supreme Judge] is one of the names of God. (
TA.) See also the next paragraph.
A2: [The
pl.] حَكَمَةٌ also signifies Mockers, scoffers, or deriders. (
TA. [The ح in this case seems to be a substitute for ه: see art. هكم.]) ↓ أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ [The most qualified to judge of those who judge: or] the most knowing and most just [of them]: (
Bd and
Jel in xi. 47, where it is applied to God:) or it may mean the wisest of those who possess attributes of wisdom; supposing حَاكِمٌ to be [a possessive
epithet] from الحِكْمَةُ, like دَارِعٌ from الدِّرْعُ. (
Bd.) أُحْكُومَةٌ: see حُكُومَةٌ.
مُحْكَمٌ [
pass. part. n. of أَحْكَمَهُ;] applied to a building [&c.,] Made, or rendered, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, &c.; held to be secure from falling to pieces. (
KT.)
b2: And hence, A passage, or portion, of the
Kur-án of which the meaning is secured (أُحْكِمَ) from change, and alteration, and peculiarization, and interpretation not according to the obvious import, and abrogation. (
KT.) And سُورَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ A chapter of the
Kur-án not abrogated. (
K.) And الآيَاتُ المُحْكَمَاتُ, [see
Kur iii. 5, where it is opposed to آيَاتٌ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ,] The portion commencing with قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ [
Kur vi. 152], to the end of the chapter: or the verses that are rendered free from defect or imperfection, so that the hearer thereof does not need to interpret them otherwise than according to their obvious import; such as the stories of the prophets; (
K;) or so that they are preserved from being susceptible of several meanings. (
Bd in iii. 5.) And المُحْكَمُ The portion of the
Kur-án called المُفَصَّلُ [
q. v.]; because nought thereof has been abrogated: or, as some say, what is unequivocal, or unambiguous; because its perspicuity is made free from defect, or imperfection, and it requires nothing else [to explain it]. (
TA.) مَحْكَمَةٌ A place of judging; a tribunal; a court of justice.]
مُحَكَّمٌ فِى نَفْسِهِ [One who is made to judge respecting himself: and particularly] one who is given his choice between denial of God and slaughter, and chooses slaughter. (
Mgh.) In a
trad., in which it is said, إِنَّ الجَنَّةَ لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, [Verily Paradise is for the مُحَكَّمُون], (
S,) لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, (
S,
K,) or, as some read, ↓ لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, (
K,) denotes a people of those who are called أَصْحَابُ الأُخْدُودِ, who were given their choice between slaughter and the denial of God, and chose the remaining constant to El-Islám, with slaughter: (
S,
K:) or المحكّمون means those who fall into the hand of the enemy, and are given their choice between [the profession of] belief in a plurality of Gods, and slaughter, and choose slaughter. (
IAth,
TA.)
b2: المُحَكَّمُ occurring in a poem of Tarafeh, (
S,) or this is a mistake, and the right reading is ↓ المُحَكِّمُ, (
K,) An old man, tried, or proved, and strengthened by experience in affairs; (
S,
K;) to whom حِكْمَة [or wisdom, &c.,] is attributed: (
S:) or both are correct, like مُجَرَّبٌ and مُجَرِّبٌ, as several authors have allowed; the former meaning one whom events have controlled (حَكَّمَتْهُ الحَوَادِثُ), and tried, or proved; and the latter, one who has controlled (حَكَّمَ), and experienced, events. (
MF.) مُحَكِّمٌ, and its
pl. مُحَكِّمُونَ: see مُحَكَّمٌ.
b2: المُحَكِّمَةُ is an appellation applied to the [schismatics called the] خَوَارِج because they disallowed the judgment of the ↓ حَكَمَانِ [or two judges], (
S,) namely, Aboo-Moosà El-Ash'aree and 'Amr Ibn-El-' Ás, (
K,
TA,) and said that judgment الحُكْمُ) belongs not to any but God. (
S.) فَرَسٌ مَحْكُومَةٌ A horse [furnished with a حَكَمَة; or] having a حَكَمَة upon his head. (
Az,
TA.) See حَكَمَةٌ.
مُتَحَكِّمٌ A judge who judges without evidence: and one who judges in the way of asking respecting a thing with the desire of bringing perplexity, or doubt, and difficulty, upon the person asked. (
Har p. 97.)
