زكو

1 زَكَا, aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K, &c.,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. زَكَآءٌ, (S,) or زُكُوٌّ, (Msb, [accord. to which the former seems to be a simple subst.,]) or both, (K, TA,) the latter like عُلُوٌّ, as in the M, but accord. to [some of] the copies of the K زَكْوٌ, (TA,) It increased, or augmented; (S, Msb, K, TA;) it received increase and blessing from God; it throve by the blessing of God; (Er-Rághib, TA;) and produced fruit; (TA in art. زكى;) and زَكِىَ, (K in that art.,) aor. ـْ ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. زَكَاةٌ, (TA in that art.,) signifies the same, (K, TA,) mentioned by ISd, on the authority of Lh, as a dial. var. of زَكَا, aor. ـو (TA;) and so ↓ ازكى; (Msb, K;) and ↓ تزكّى: (K in art. زكى:) it is said of seed-produce, (S, Msb, Er-Rághib, TA,) and of wealth, or cattle &c., and of other things: of anything that increases, or augments, one says يَزْكُو, ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. زَكَآءٌ. (TA.) [This is the primary meaning: or, accord. to some, the primary meaning is, It was, or became, pure:] some say that the root denotes purity: and some, that it denotes a state of increase, or augmentation. (Mgh.) You say also زَكَتِ الأَرْضُ The land throve, or yielded increase. (Msb.) And زَكَا الغُلَامُ [The boy grew, or throve], ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. زُكُوٌّ and زَكَآءٌ, on the authority of Akh. (S.) And زَكَا عَمَلُهُ (assumed tropical:) [His deed, or work, throve]. (K in art. در.) It is said in a trad. of 'Alee, المَالُ تَنْقُصُهُ النَّفَقَةُ وَالعِلْمُ يَزْكُو عَلَى

الإِنْفَاقِ (assumed tropical:) [Wealth, what one expends diminishes it, but knowledge increases by expending]: زَكَآء being thus predicated of knowledge, though this is not a corporeal thing. (TA.) Accord. to El-Umawee, (S,) said of a man, زَكَا, (S, K,) aor. ـْ ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. زُكُوٌّ, (S,) means He enjoyed, or led, a plentiful, and a pleasant or an easy, and a soft or delicate, life; (S, K;) was in a state of abundance of the goods, conveniences, or comforts, of life. (S.) And likewise said of a man, (having the same aor. and ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n., TA,) it means also He was, or became, good, or righteous; (Jel in xxiv. 21, Msb, K, TA;) and pure from sin. (Jel ibid.) [Hence,] هٰذَا الأَمْرُ لَا يَزْكُو بِفُلَانٍ means This thing, or affair, will not be suitable to such a one; will not befit him. (S.) 2 زكّاهُ, ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. تَزْكِيَةٌ: see 4. b2: Also He purified him, or it. (Er-Rághib, TA.) Sometimes the agent of the verb in this sense is a man; as in the saying in the Kur [xci. 9], قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا [Verily he prospereth who purifieth it; namely, his soul]: sometimes it is God; as in [the saying in the Kur xxiv. 21,] وَلٰكِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُزَكِّى

مَنْ يَشَآءُ [But God purifieth whom He willeth]: and sometimes it is the Prophet; as in the saying [in the Kur ix. 104], خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا [Take thou, from their possessions, a poor-rate, whereby thou shalt cleanse them and purify them; where (J says in the S) they say that تُزَكِّيهِمْ means the same as تُطَهِّرُهُمْ]; and in the saying [in the Kur ii. 146], يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ [Who reciteth to you our signs, and purifieth you]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b3: [Hence, accord. to what is said in the Kur ix. 104, i. e. because the act which it signifies is believed to purify the performer, or because it is believed to purify, or to occasion an increase of, the rest of his property,] زكّى مَالَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. as above, (S, Msb,) He gave the زَكَاة [or poorrate] from his property. (S, Mgh.) And زكّاهُ, (S,) or زكّاهُمْ, (Mgh,) He took (S, Mgh) his, (S,) or their, (Mgh,) زَكَاة [or poor-rate]. (S, Mgh.) b4: زَكَّيْتُهُ also signifies I attributed to him زَكَآء, i. e. [purity, or] goodness, or righteousness. (Msb.) [And hence, I praised him.] And زكّى

نَفْسَهُ, (S, Mgh,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. as above, (S,) He praised himself. (S, Mgh.) The doing this is forbidden in the Kur liii. 33. (Er-Rághib, TA.) Hence, also, تَزْكِيَةُ الشُّهُودِ The pronouncing the witnesses to be veracious, and good, or righteous. (Mgh.) A2: هُوَ يُخَسِّى وَيُزَكِّى He plays, and says, “Is it even or odd [or rather odd or even]?” (TA in art. خسو;) he takes, or holds, something in his hand, and says, “Is it even or odd [or odd or even]?” (TA in the present art.) [See زَكَا below.]4 ازكاهُ He (God) made it to increase, or augment; (S, Msb, K;) [made it to thrive; and put it into a good, or right, state, or condition;] namely, seed-produce, (S, Msb, TA,) and wealth, or cattle &c, and any other thing capable of increase; (TA;) as also ↓ زكّاهُ, (Msb, K, TA,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. تَزْكِيَةٌ. (TA.) b2: Also He put it into a bag, or some other receptacle; namely, property: thus expl. by Aboo-Moosà. (Nh, TA.) A2: See also 1, first sentence.5 تزكّى: see 1, first sentence. b2: Also He became purified; or he purified himself: (TA:) also pronounced اِزَّكَّى, aor. ـّ (Bd in xxxv. 19.) b3: And He endeavoured to attain much piety; from الزَّكَآءُ. (Bd in lxxxvii. 14.) b4: And He gave the poor-rate. (S.) زَكَا, (S, K, * TA,) without tenween, and accord. to some with tenween, and not having the article ال prefixed to it; and in like manner خَسَا, which is coupled with the former, is without tenween, and accord. to some with tenween, and not having the article ال prefixed to it; (TA;) [but each has ال prefixed to it in the K;] i. q. الشَّفْعُ (S, K) مِنَ العَدَدِ (K) [or شَفْعٌ, as meaning An even number; a number consisting of pairs; or a single pair]: said to be so called because the pair are more, or more perfect, or better, (↓ أَزْكَى,) than is the one. (TA.) You say خَسَا أَوْ زَكَا or خَسًا أَوْ زَكًا [Odd or even?]. (TA.) [See more voce خَسَا.]

زَكَاةٌ. or زَكٰوةٌ, [accord. to El-Hareeree, to be written with ا when prefixed to a pronoun, and also in the dual number, (see De Sacy's Anthol. Gram. Arabe, p. 67 of the Arabic text,) but this rule I have not found to be generally observed, even in the best MSS., nor have I in the similar cases of صَلٰوةٌ and حَيٰوةٌ, (to which it is also applied,) in the best copies of the Kur-án,] of the measure فَعَلَةٌ, [i. e., originally زَكَوَةٌ,] like صَدَقَةٌ [which is one of its syns.]; a noun of the class of homonyms: (IAth, TA:) it signifies Increase, or augmentation, (IAth, Er-Rághib, TA,) as also ↓ زَكَآءٌ [mentioned in the first paragraph as an ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n.], (Msb,) resulting from the blessing of God; and this is [said to be] the primary meaning; and is considered as relating to the things of the present world and to those of the world to come. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: And Purity. (IAth, TA.) And [particularly] The dryness of the earth or ground; which is its purity from defilement. (TA.) b3: And Purification: a meaning which it is said to have in the saying in the Kur [xxiii. 4], وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِلزَّكٰوةِ فَاعِلُونَ, (IAth, Mgh, Er-Rághib, TA,) i. e. And who are acting in their religious service for God's purification of them; or for their purification of themselves: for لِلزَّكٰوة is not here an objective complement of فَاعِلُونَ; the ل therein denoting the aim and the cause. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b4: Also, [as being a mode of purification of oneself,] Good, or righteous, conduct: and in this sense it has been expl. as used in the Kur xviii. 80: or as meaning goodness, or righteousness: (TA:) which ↓ زَكَآءٌ [also] signifies. (Msb.) And Religious service; as being the means of purification: so [accord. to some] it signifies in the saying [in the Kur xix. 14], وَحَنَانًا مِنْ لَدُنَّا وَزَكٰوةً [And the disposition to mercy, or compassion, from us, and religious service]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or it here means طُهْرَة [i. e. purification, or purity]: and [accord. to some, if we except the instances mentioned above in the next two preceding sentences,] this is the only instance in the Kur-án in which it is used in any other sense than that which next follows. (Kull p. 199.) b5: And [The poor-rate;] the portion, or amount, of property, that is given therefrom, (M, IAth, Mgh, Msb, K, Er-Rághib, TA,) as the due of God, (Er-Rághib, TA,) by its possessor, (M, K, TA,) to the poor, (M, Mgh, Er-Rághib, TA,) in order that he may purify it thereby: (M, IAth, K, TA:) [in the S it is merely said that “ the زَكٰوة of property is well known: ” the giving it is obligatory, provided that the property is of a certain amount, and has been in possession eleven months: the portion given varies according to the nature and amount of the property; but is generally a fortieth part thereof, or of its value; i. e. two and a half per cent.:] it is thus termed [for the reason assigned above; or] as being a cause of the hope of increase, (Msb, Er-Rághib, TA,) or as causing the soul, or person, to thrive, or grow, by means of good things and blessings [procured thereby], or for both of these reasons. (Er-Rághib, TA.) زَكَاةُ الفِطْرِ [The alms of the breaking of the fast, given at the end of Ramadán,] is obligatory upon every person of the Muslims, the free and the slave, the male and the female, the young and the old, the poor and the rich; and purifies the faster from unprofitable and lewd discourse: it consists of a صَاع [q. v.] of dates, or of barley, [or of raisins or some other ordinary kind of food,] or half that quantity of wheat. (El-Jámi' es-Sagheer, voce زَكَاة.) [The pl. is زَكَوَاتٌ.] b6: Also, [as being an attribution of purity or goodness or righteousness,] Praise. (IAth, TA.) b7: And The pure, or best, part of a thing: (K, TA:) on the authority of Aboo-'Alee. (TA.) زَكَآءٌ an ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, K.) See also the next preceding paragraph, in two places. b2: Also [The increase of the earth; or] the fruits caused to come forth by God. (TA.) زَكِىٌّ i. q. ↓ زَاكٍ, (Akh, S,) which signifies Increasing [&c., as act part. n. of زَكَا, q. v.]: (Ham p. 722:) [and growing, or thriving]: applied in this sense to a boy. (Akh, S.) b2: غُلَامًا زَكِيًّا in the Kur xix. 19 means [A boy] pure from sins: or growing, or increasing, in goodness and righteousness: (Bd:) or purified by nature: or such as shall in the future become purified. (TA.) and نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً in the Kur xviii. 73 means [A soul, or person,] pure from sins: some read ↓ زَاكِيَةً; but the former is more forcible: [or,] accord. to AA, ↓ the latter means that has never sinned: and the former, that has sinned and then been forgiven. (Bd.) [Or] رَجُلٌ زَكِىٌّ signifies A good, or righteous, man: and the pl. is أَزْكِيَآءُ. (Msb, K, * TA.) And also A man enjoying, or leading, a plentiful, and a pleasant or an easy, and a soft or delicate, life: pl. as above. (K, TA.) b3: and أَرْضٌ زَكِيَّةٌ Good, fat land. (TA in art زكى.) زَكَوِىٌّ [generally meaning Of, or relating to, the poor-rate] is the rel. n. of زَكَاةٌ; like as حَصَوِىٌّ is that of حَصَاةٌ; because the rel. n. reduces the word to its original form: زَكَائِىٌّ is vulgar and wrong. (Msb.) زَاكٍ, and its fem. زَاكِيَةٌ: see زَكِىٌّ, in three places.

أَزْكَى More, or most, profitable: (Bd in ii. 232:) or better, or best: (Jel ibid:) more, or most, pure: (Bd in xxiv. 28:) more, or most, lawful, (Bd and Jel in xviii. 18,) and good, or pleasant: or more, or most, abundant and cheap. (Bd ibid.) See also زَكَا as a noun.

سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. سَلَامَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِسَلَامَتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with السَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الإِسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الإِسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from السَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ السَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الإِسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الإِسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all ـصْدَرٌ">inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِسَلَامَتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) السُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو السَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو السَّلَامَةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ السَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَةٌ [the most usual ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَى and سُلَامَيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلاميات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلاميات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (السَّلَامَة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الإِسْلَامُ [ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الإِسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِسْلَامِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِسْلَامِىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الإِسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الإِسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

(س ل م) : (سَلِمَ) مِنْ الْآفَاتِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ أَيْ خَلَصَتْ وَبِمَــصْدَرِــهِ سُمِّيَتْ (سَلَّامَةُ) بِنْتُ مَعْقِلٍ أَمَةُ الْحُتَاتِ بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ وَالتَّاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَتَيْنِ مِنْ فَوْقَ وَقِيلَ بِالْبَاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَةٍ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (وَبِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ) مِنْهُ سُمِّيَ سَالِمُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ (وَبِفَعَّالِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ وَأَبِي نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ (وَبِفَعْلَانَ مِنْهُ) سُمِّيَ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةِ (وَسَلْمَانُ) أَيْضًا حَيٌّ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ إلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ مِنْ التَّابِعِينَ وَالْمُحَدِّثُونَ عَلَى التَّحْرِيكِ وَأَنْكَرَهُ السِّيرَافِيُّ (وَأَمَّا سُلَيْمَانُ) فَأَعْجَمِيٌّ (وَالسَّلَمُ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْعِضَاهِ (وَبِوَاحِدَتِهِ) سُمِّيَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ (وَكُنِّيَ) أَبُو سَلَمَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ (وَقَوْلُهُ) السُّلَّمُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْبَيْعِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِكْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ يَعْنِي: الْمِعْرَاجَ وَهُوَ مَا يُعْرَجُ فِيهِ وَيُرْتَقَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ يُؤَنَّثُ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ يُقَالُ هِيَ السُّلَّمُ وَهُوَ السُّلَّمُ وَالْجَمْع السَّلَالِيمُ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - سُمِّيَ بِهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ يُسَلِّمُك إلَى حَيْثُ تُرِيدُ (وَأَسْلَمَ الثَّوْبَ) إلَى الْخَيَّاطِ وَأَسْلَمَ فِي الْبُرِّ أَسْلَفَ مِنْ السَّلَمِ وَأَصْلُهُ أَسْلَمَ الثَّمَنَ فِيهِ فَحُذِفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ (مِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ إذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِي لَبْدٍ أَوْ شَعْرًا فِي مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ وَسَلَّمَ إلَيْهِ وَدِيعَتَهُ تَسْلِيمًا (وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ) لَا يَتِمُّ الرَّهْنُ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّاهِنُ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجَ مَنْ الدَّارِ سَلَّمْتُكَهَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الْجَارِّ فَسَهْوٌ (وَالسَّلَامُ) اسْمٌ مِنْ التَّسْلِيمِ كَالْكَلَامِ مِنْ التَّكْلِيمِ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَكَذَا سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ عَنْ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ أَبُو زَيْنَبَ وَكَانَ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَيُنْشَدُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ
سَقَانِي فَرَوَانِي كُمَيْتًا مُدَامَةً ... عَلَى ظَمَإٍ مِنِّي سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمِ
وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ تَنَاوَلَهُ بِالْيَدِ أَوْ بِالْقُبْلَةِ أَوْ مَسَحَهُ بِالْكَفِّ مِنْ السَّلِمَةِ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَهِيَ الْحَجَرُ (وَبِهَا سُمِّيَ) بَنُو سَلِمَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ.

(سلم) - فيَ الحديث: "ما من آدمي إلا ومَعَه شيطان. قيل: ومَعَك؟
قال: نعم، ولكن الله تَعَالى أَعانَني عليه، فأَسْلَمُ"
وفي رواية: "حتَّى أَسْلَم".
: أي انْقادَ وكَفَّ عن وَسْوَسَتِى. وقيل: دَخَل في الإسْلام، فسَلِمتُ من شَرِّه.

شرر
: ( {الشَّرُّ) ، بِالْفَتْح، وَهِي اللُّغَة الفُصْحى، (ويُضَمّ) ، لُغَة عَن كُرَاع: (نَقِيضُ الخَيْرِ) ، وَمثله فِي الصّحاح، وَفِي اللِّسَان: الشَّرُّ: السُّوءُ. وَزَاد فِي المِصْباح: والفَسَاد والظُّلْم، (ج: شُرُورٌ) ، بالضَّمّ، ثمّ ذَكَر حديثَ الدُّعاء: (والخَيْرُ كُلُّه بِيَدَيْكَ،} والشَّرُّ ليسَ إِلَيْكَ) وأَنّه نَفَى عَنهُ تَعَالَى الظُّلْم والفَسَادَ، لأَنّ أَفعالَه، تَعَالَى، عَن حِكْمَة بالِغَة، والموجودات كُلُّها مِلْكُه، فَهُوَ يَفْعَلُ فِي مِلْكِه، فَهُوَ يَفْعَلُ فِي مِلْكِه مَا يَشَاء، فَلَا يُوجَد فِي فَعْلِه ظُلْمٌ وَلَا فَسَاد. انْتهى. وَفِي النِّهَايَة: أَي أَنَّ الشَّرِّ لَا يُتَقَرَّبُ بهِ إِليكَ، وَلَا يُبْتَغِي بِهِ وَجْهُك، أَو أَنّ الشَّرّ لَا يَصْعَدُ إِليك، وإِنّما يَصعدُ إِليك الطَّيِّبُ من القَوْلِ والعمَل، وهاذا الكلامُ إِرشادٌ إِلى استعمالِ الأَدَبِ فِي الثَّنَاء على الله تَعَالَى وتَقَدَّس، وأَن تُضَافَ إِليه عزّ وجلّ محاسِنُ الأَشياءِ دون مساوِيها، وَلَيْسَ المَقْصُودُ نَفْيَ شيْءٍ عَن قُدْرَتهِ وإِثْباتَه لَهَا، فإِنّ هاذا فِي الدُّعاءِ مِنْدُوبٌ إِليه، يُقَال: يَا ربَّ الكِلاب والخنَازِير، وإِن كانَ هُوَ رَبَّها، وَمِنْه قولُه تَعَالَى: {وَللَّهِ الاسْمَآء الْحُسْنَى فَادْعُوهُ بِهَا} (الْأَعْرَاف: 180) .
(وَقد {شَرَّ} يَشُرُّ) ، بالضَّمّ، ( {ويَشِرُّ) ، بِالْكَسْرِ قَالَ شيخُنَا: هاذا اصطِلاحٌ فِي الضَّمّ والكسرِ مَعَ كونِ الماضِي مَفْتُوحاً، وَلَيْسَ هاذا ممّا وَرَدَ بالوجْهيْن، فَفِي تعبِيرِه نَظَرٌ ظاهِر (} شَرّاً {وشَرَارَةً) ، بِالْفَتْح فيهمَا، (و) قد (} شَررْتَ يَا رَجُلُ، مثَلَّثة الرّاءِ) ، الْكسر وَالْفَتْح لُغَتَانِ، {شَرّاً} وشَرَراً {وشَرَارَةً، وأَما الضّمّ فحكاه بعضُهم، وَنَقله الجَوْهَرِيّ والفَيُّومِيّ، وأَهْلُ الأَفْعالِ.
وَقَالَ شيخُنَا: الكسرُ فِيهِ كفَرِحَ هُوَ الأَشْهَر، والضمّ كلَبُبَ وكرُم وأَما الْفَتْح فغَرِيبٌ، أَورَدَه فِي المُحْكَمِ وأَنكرَه الأَكثرُ، وَلم يتعرَّض لذِكْر المُضَارِع، إِبقاءً لَهُ على الْقيَاس، فالمضمومُ مضارِعُه مضمومٌ، على أَصل قَاعِدَته، والمكسورُ مفتوحُ الآتِي على أَصل قَاعِدَته، والمفتوحُ مكسورُ الآتِي على أَصلِ قاعِدتِه، لأَنه مُضَعَّفٌ لازِمٌ، وَهُوَ المُصَرَّحُ بِهِ فِي الدَّوَاوِين. انْتهى.
(وَهُوَ} شَرِيرٌ) ، كأَمِير، ( {وشِرِّيرٌ) ، كسِكِّيتٍ، (مِنْ) قومٍ (} أَشْرَارٍ {وشِرِّيرِينَ) .
وَقَالَ يُونُس: واحدُ} الأَشرارِ رجُلٌ {شَرٌّ، مثل: زَنْد وأَزْنَادٍ.
قَالَ الأَخْفَشُ: واحدُها} شَرِيرٌ، وَهُوَ الرَّجُلُ ذُو الشَّرِّ مثْل: يتِيم وأَيْتَامٍ. ورجلٌ {شِرِّيرٌ مِثال فِسِّيق، أَي كثير} الشَّرّ.
(و) يُقَال: (هُوَ {شَرٌّ مِنْكَ، و) لَا يُقَال: هُوَ (} أَشَرُّ) مِنْكَ، (قَلِيلَةٌ أَو رَدِيئَةٌ) ، القَوْل الأَولُ نسبه الفَيُّومِيّ إِلَى بني عامِر، قَالَ: وقُرىءَ فِي الشّاذّ: {مَّنِ الْكَذَّابُ {الأَشَرُّ} (الْقَمَر: 26) ، على هاذه اللغَة.
وَفِي الصّحاح: لَا يُقَال:} أَشرُّ النَّاسِ إِلا فِي لُغَة ردِيئَة.
(وهِي {شَرَّةٌ) ، بِالْفَتْح، (} وشُرَّى) ، بالضّم، يُذْهَب بهما إِلى المُفَاضلة، هاكذا صَرّح بِهِ غيرُ وَاحِد من أَئِمَّة اللُّغَة، وَجعله شَيْخُنَا كلَاما مختلطاً، وَهُوَ محلُّ تأَمُّل.
قَالَ الجوْهَرِيّ، وَمِنْه قولُ امرأَة من العَرب: أُعِيذُك باللَّهِ من نَفْسٍ حَرَّى، وعَيْن {شُرَّى. أَي خَبِيثَة، من} الشَّرّ. أَخرَجَتْه على فُعْلَى، مثل أَصْغَر وصُغْرَى.
قلْت: ونسبَ بعضُهم هاذه المرأَةَ إِلى بني عامِر، كَمَا صَرّح بِهِ صاحبُ اللِّسَانِ، وَغَيره.
وَقَالُوا: عينٌ شُرَّى، إِذا نَظَرَت إِليك بالبَغْضَاءِ، هاكذا فَسَّرُوه فِي تَفْسِير الرُّقْيَةِ الْمَذْكُورَة.
وَقَالَ أَبو عَمْرو: {الشُّرَّى: العَيَّانَةُ من النّساءِ.
وَقَالَ كُرَاع: الشُّرَّى: أُنْثى الشَّرّ الَّذِي هُوَ الأَشَرُّ فِي التَّقْدِير، كالفُضْلى الَّذِي هُوَ تأْنيثُ الأَفْضَلِ.
وَفِي الْمُحكم: فأَمّا مَا أَنشَدَه ابنُ الأَعْرَابِيّ من قَوْله:
إِذا أَحْسَنَ ابنُ العَمّ بعدَ إِساءَة
فلسْتُ} - لشَرِّي فِعْلَه بحَمُولِ
إِنما أَرادَ: لشَرِّ فعلِه، فقَلَب.
(وَقد {شَارَّه) ، بالتَّشْدِيد، مُشَارَّةً، وَيُقَال:} شَارَّاه، وَفُلَان! يُشَارُّ فلَانا ويُمارُّه ويُزَارُّه، أَي يُعادِيه. {والمُشَارَّةُ: المُخاصَمَةُ، وَفِي الحَدِيث: (لَا} تُشَارِّ أَخاكَ) ، هُوَ تَفَاعُل من {الشَّرِّ، أَي لَا تَفْعَلْ بِهِ} شَرّاً فتُحْوِجَه إِلى أَنْ يَفْعَل بكَ مثلَه، ويروى بِالتَّخْفِيفِ، وَفِي حديثِ أَبي الأَسْوَد: (مَا فَعَلَ الَّذِي كانَت امرأَتُه تُشَارُه وتُمارُهُ) .
( {والشُّرُّ، بالضَّمّ: المَكْرُوهُ) والعَيْبُ. حكى ابْن الأَعرابيّ: قد قَبِلتُ عَطِيَّتَك ثمَّ رَدَدْتُها عَلَيْكَ من غيرِ} شُرِّكَ وَلَا ضُرِّكَ. ثمَّ فسّره، فَقَالَ: أَي من غير رَدَ عليكَ، وَلَا عَيْبٍ لَكَ، وَلَا نَقْصٍ وَلَا إِزْراءٍ.
(و) حكى يَعْقُوبُ: (مَا قلتُ ذاكَ {لشُرِّكَ) ، وإِنما قُلْتُه لغيرِ} شُرِّك، (أَي) مَا قُلْتُه (لشَيْءٍ تَكْرَهُهُ) ، وإِنما قُلتُه لغيرِ شيْءٍ تَكْرَهُه. وَفِي الصّحاح: إِنما قلْتُه لغَيْرِ عَيْبِكَ.
وَيُقَال: مَا رَدَدْتُ هاذا عَلَيْك من {شُرٍّ بِهِ، أَي من عَيْبٍ بِهِ، ولاكن آثَرْتُك بهِ، وأَنشد:
عَيْنُ الدَّلِيلِ البُرْتِ من ذِي} شُرِّهِ
أَي مِن ذِي عَيْبِه، أَي من عَيْبِ الدَّلِيل؛ لأَنّه لَيْسَ يُحْسِن أَن يَسِيرَ فِيهِ حَيْرَةً.
(و) {الشَّرُّ، (بالفَتْح: إِبْلِيسُ) ، لأَنّه الآمرُ بالسُّوءِ والفَحْشَاءِ والمَكْرُوهِ. (و) الشَّرُّ (الحُمَّى. و) } الشَّرُّ: (الفَقْرُ) . والأَشْبَهُ أَن تكونَ هاذه الإِطلاقاتُ الثلاثةُ من المَجازِ.
( {والشَّرِيرُ، كأَمِير) : العَيْقَةُ، وَهُوَ (جانِبُ البَحْرِ) وناحِيَتُه، قَالَه أَبو حَنِيفَةَ، وأَنشد للجَعْديّ:
فَلَا زَالَ يَسْقِيها ويَسْقِي بلادَهَا
من المُزْنِ رَجَّافٌ يَسُوقُ القَوَارِيَا
يُسَقِّي} شَرِيرَ البَحْرِ حَوْلاً تَرُدُّه
حَلائِبُ قُرْحٌ ثمّ أَصبَحَ غادِيَا وَفِي رِوَايَة: (سَقَى بشَرِيرِ البَحْرِ) و (تَمُدُّه) بدل: (تَرُدُّه) .
وَقَالَ كُراع: شَرِيرُ البَحْرِ: ساحِلُه، مخفَّفٌ.
وَقَالَ أَبو عَمْرو: الأَشِرَّةُ واحدُهَا {شَرِيرٌ: مَا قَرُبَ من البحرِ.
(و) قيل:} الشَّرِيرُ: (شَجَرٌ يَنْبُتُ فِي البَحْرِ) .
(و) {الشَّرِيرَةُ، (بهاءٍ: المِسَلَّةُ) من حَدِيد.
(} وشُرَيْرَةُ، كهُرَيْرَة: بِنْتُ الحَارِثِ) بنِ عَوْف، (صَحَابِيّة) من بني تُجِيب، يقالُ: إِنَّهَا بايَعَت، خَطَبها رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم
(وأَبُو {شُرَيْرَةَ: كُنْيَة جَبَلَةَ بنِ سُحَيْم) ، أَحدِ التابِعِين.
قلت: والصّوابُ فِي كُنيتِه أَبو شُوَيْرَةَ، بالوَاو، وَقد تصَحّف على المصَنّفِ، نبّه عَلَيْهِ الحافِظ فِي التبصير، وَقد سبق للمصنّف أَيضاً فِي سور، فتأَمَّل.
(و) } الشِّرَّةُ، بِالْكَسْرِ: الحِرْص والرَّغْبَة والنّشَاط.
و ( {شِرَّةُ الشّبابِ، بالكسرِ: نَشَاطُه) وحِرْصُه، وَفِي الحَدِيث: (لِكُلِّ عابدٍ شِرَّةٌ) . وَفِي آخر: (إِنّ لِهاذا القرآنِ شِرَّةً ثمَّ إِنّ للنّاسِ عَنهُ فَتْرَةً) .
(و) } الشِّرَارُ، (ككِتَاب، و) {الشَّرَرُ، مثل (جَبَل: مَا يَتَطَايَرُ من النّارِ، واحِدَتُهما بهاءٍ) ، هاكذا فِي سائرِ النُّسَخ الَّتِي بأَيْدينا، قَالَ شَيخنَا: الصّواب كسَحَاب، وَهُوَ المعرُوف فِي الدّواوينِ وأَما الكسرُ فَلم يُوجد لغير المصنّف، وَهُوَ خطأٌ، ولذالك قَالَ فِي الْمِصْبَاح:} الشَّرَارُ: مَا تَطَايَرَ من النّار، الواحِدةُ {شَرَارَة،} الشَّرَرُ مثلُه، وَهُوَ مقْصُورٌ مِنْهُ، وَمثله فِي الصّحَاح وَغَيره من أُمّهاتِ اللُّغةِ.
وَفِي اللِّسَان: والشَّرَرُ: مَا تَطَايَرَ من النّار وَفِي التَّنْزِيل: {إِنَّهَا تَرْمِى {بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ} (المرسلات: 32) ، واحدتُه} شَرَرَةٌ.
وَهُوَ {الشَّرَارُ، واحِدَتُه} شَرَارَةٌ، قَالَ الشّاعر:
أَو {كشَرَارِ العَلاَةِ يضْربُها القَيْ
نُ علَى كُلِّ وَجْهِه تَثِبُ
وأَما سَعْدِي أَفندي فِي المُرْسلات، وغيرُه من المُحَشِّين، فإِنّهم تَبِعُوا المصنِّفَ على ظَاهره، وَلَيْسَ كَمَا زَعَمُوا.
(و) يُقَال: (} شَرَّهُ) {يَشُرُّهُ، (} شَرّاً، بالضمّ) ، أَي من بَاب كَتَبَ، لَا أَنه بضمّ الشينِ فِي المَــصْدَر كَمَا يتَبَادَر إِلى الذِّهْن: (عابَه) وانْتَقَصَه. {والشُّرُّ: العَيْبُ.
(و) } شَرَّ (اللَّحْمَ والأَقِطَ والثَّوْبَ ونَحْوَه) ، وَفِي بعض الأُصول: ونَحْوها، {يَشُرُّه (} شَرّاً، بالفَتْح) ، إِذا (وَضَعَه على خَصَفَة) ، وَهِي الحَصِيرَةُ، (أَو غَيرهَا؛ ليَجِفَّ) . وأَصل {الشَّرِّ: بَسْطُك الشيْءَ فِي الشَّمْسِ من الثّيابِ وغيرِهَا، قَالَ الشّاعر:
ثَوْبٌ على قَامَةٍ سَحْلٌ تَعَاوَرَهُ
أَيْدِي الغَوَاسِلِ للأَرْوَاحِ} مَشْرُورُ
واستدرك شيخُنَا فِي آخر المادّة نقلا من الرّوض، {شَرَرْتُ المِلْح: فَرَّقْتُه، فَهُوَ مَشْرُورٌ، قَالَ: وَلَيْسَ فِي كَلَام المصنّف، قلْت: هُوَ داخِلٌ فِي قَوْله: ونَحْوه، كَمَا لَا يَخْفَى (} كَأَشَرَّهُ) {إِشْرَاراً، (} وشَرَّرَهُ) {تَشْرِيراً، (} وشَرّاهُ) ، على تَحْويلِ التَّضعيف، قَالَ ثَعْلَب: وأَنشد بعضُ الرُّواة للرّاعِي:
فأَصْبَحَ يَسْتَافُ البِلاَدَ كَأَنَّهُ
{مُشْرًّى بأَطْرَافِ البُيُوتِ قَدِيدُها
قَالَ ابْن سَيّده: وليسَ هاذا البيتُ للرّاعِي، إِنّما هُوَ للحَلالِ ابنِ عمّه.
(} والإِشْرارَةُ، بالكَسْر: القَدِيدُ) {المَشْرُورُ، وَهُوَ اللَّحْمُ المُجَفَّفُ.
(و) } الإِشْرَارَةُ، أَيضاً: (الخَصَفَةُ الَّتِي يَشُرُّ عَلَيْهَا الأَقِطُ) ، أَي يُبْسط ليَجِفّ.
وَقيل: هِيَ شُقَّةٌ من شُقَق البَيْتِ {يُشَرَّرُ عَلَيْهَا، والجمْع} أَشارِيرُ، وقَوْلُ أَبي كاهِل اليَشْكُرِيّ: لَهَا {أَشاريرُ مِنْ لحْمٍ تُتَمِّرُه
من السَّعَالِي ووَخْزٌ من أَرانِيهَا
يجوز أَن يُعنَى بِهِ} الإِشْرارَةُ من القَدِيدِ، وأَن يُعْنَى بِهِ الخَصَفَةُ أَو الشُّقَّة، وأَرانِيها، أَي الأَانِب، وَقَالَ الكُمَيْتُ:
كأَنَّ الرَّذاذَ الضَّحْكَ حَولَ كِنَاسِه
أَشَارِيرُ مِلْحٍ يَتَّبِعْنَ الرَّوامِسَا
قَالَ ابْن الأَعرابيّ: الإِشْرَارَةُ: صَفِيحَةٌ يُحَفَّفُ عَلَيْهَا القَدِيدُ، وجَمْعُهَا {الأَشارِيرُ، وكذالك قَالَ اللّيْثُ.
(و) الإِشْرَارَةُ أَيضاً: (القَطْعَةُ العَظِيمَةُ من الإِبِل) ؛ لانتشارها وانْبِثاثِها.
(و) قد (} اسْتَشَرَّ) ، إِذا (صارَ ذَا {إِشْرارَة) من إِبِل، قَالَ:
الجَدْبُ يَقْطَعُ عنكَ غَرْبَ لِسَانِه
فإِذا} اسْتَشَرَّ رَأَيْتَهُ بَرْبَارَا
قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ: قَالَ ثعلبٌ: اجتمعتُ مَعَ ابْن سَعْدان الرّاوِيَة، فَقَالَ لي: أَسْأَلُكَ؟ قلت: نعم، قَالَ: مَا مَعْنى قَولِ الشَّاعِر. وذكرَ هاذا الْبَيْت. فقلتُ لَهُ: المَعنَى أَنّ الجَدْبَ يُفْقِرُه ويُمِيتُ إِبلَه، فيقِلّ كَلامُه ويَذِلّ، وإِذا صارَت لَهُ إِشْرَارَةٌ من الإِبلِ صارَ بَرْبَاراً، وكثُر كلامُه.
(و) من المَجَاز: ( {أَشَرَّه: أَظْهَرَهُ) ، قَالَ كَعْبُ بنُ جُعَيْل، وَقيل: إِنّه للحُصَيْن بن الحُمَامِ المُرِّيّ يَذكرُ يَوْم صِفِّينَ:
فَمَا بَرِحُوا حتَّى رَأَى اللَّهُ صَبْرهُم
وحَتَّى} أُشرَّتْ بالأَكُفِّ المَصَاحِفُ
أَي نُشِرَتْ وأُظْهِرَتْ، قَالَ الجَوْهَرِيّ والأَصْمَعِيّ: يُرْوَى قولُ امرِىءِ القَيْسِ:
تَجَاوَزْتُ أَحْرَاساً إِليها ومَعْشَراً
عَليَّ حِرَاصاً لوْ! يُشِرُّونَ مَقْتَلِي
على هاذا، قَالَ: وَهُوَ بالسِّينِ أَجْوَدُ، قلْت: وَقد تَقدَّم فِي مَحَلِّه. (و) {أَشَرَّ (فُلاَناً: نَسَبَه إِلى} الشَّرِّ) ، وأَنكره بعضُهم، كَذَا فِي اللِّسان، وَقَالَ طَرَفةُ:
فمَا زَالَ شُرْبِي الرّاحَ حتَّى {- أَشَرَّنِي
صَدِيقِي وحَتَّى ساءَنِي بعضُ ذالِكَا
(} والشَّرّانُ، ككَتّان: دَوَابُّ كالبَعُوضِ يَغْشَى وَجْهَ الإِنسان، وَلَا يَعَضُّ، وتُسمِّيه العَربُ الأَذَى، (واحدَتُها) {شَرّانَةٌ، (بهاءٍ) ، لغةٌ لأَهْلِ السّوادِ، كَذَا فِي التَّهْذِيب.
(} والشَّرَاشِرُ: النَّفْسُ) ، يُقَال: أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ {شَرَاشرَه، أَي نَفْسَه، حرْصاً ومحَبَّة، كَمَا فِي شَرْح المصنِّف لديباجَة الكشّاف، وَهُوَ مجَازٌ.
(و) } الشَّرَاشِرُ: (الأَثْقَالُ) ، الْوَاحِد {شُرْشُرَةٌ، يُقَال: أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ} شَرَاشِرَهُ، أَي أَثْقَالَه.
ونقلَ شيخُنا عَن كشْفِ الكَشّاف: يُقَال: أَلْقَى عليهِ {شَرَاشِرَه، أَي ثِقْلَه وجُمْلته، والشَّراشِرُ: الأَثقال، ثمَّ قَالَ: وَمن مَذْهَبِ صَاحب الكَشّاف أَن يَجْعَلَ تَكَرُّر الشيْءِ للمُبَالَغَةِ، كَمَا فِي زَلْزَلَ ودَمْدَم، وكأَنَّه لِثقلِ} الشَّرِّ فِي الأَصل، ثمَّ اسْتعْمل فِي الإِلْقاءِ بالكليّة {شَرّاً كَانَ أَو غَيره. انْتهى.
قَالَ شيخُنا: وَقَوله: وَمن مذْهب صاحبِ الكَشّاف إِلى آخرِه، هُوَ الْمَشْهُور فِي كَلَامه، والأَصل فِي ذالك لأَبي عليَ الفارِسيّ، وتلميذِه ابْن جِنِّي، وصاحبُ الكَشّاف إِنَّمَا يقْتدى بهما فِي أَكثر لُغَاتِه واشتقاقاتِه، وَمَعَ ذالك فقد اعترضَ عَلَيْهِ المصنِّف فِي حَوَاشِيه على دِيبَاجَةِ الكَشّاف، بأَن مَا قَالَه غيْرُ جَيِّد؛ لأَنّ مَادَّة} شرشر لَيست مَوْضُوعَة لضِدِّ الخَيْرِ، وإِنّمَا هِيَ موضوعَةٌ للتَّفَرُّقِ والانتشار، وسُمِّيَت الأَثقال لتفرّقِهَا. انْتهى. (و) {الشَّراشِرُ: (المَحَبَّة) ، وَقَالَ كُراع: هِيَ مَحَبَّةُ النَّفْسِ.
(و) قيل: هِيَ (جَمِيعُ الجَسَدِ) وَفِي أَمثالِ الميدانيّ: (أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ} شَرَاشِرَهُ وأَجْرانَه وأَجْرَامَه) كلُّهَا بِمَعْنى.
وَقَالَ غَيره: أَلقى {شَرَاشِرَه: هُوَ أَن يُحِبَّه حتَّى يَسْتَهْلكَ فِي حُبِّه.
وَقَالَ اللِّحْيَانيّ: هُوَ هَوَاهُ الَّذِي لَا يُريدُ أَن يَدَعَه من حاجتِه، قَالَ ذُو الرُّمَّة:
وكائِنْ تَرَى من رَشْدَة فِي كَرِيهَةٍ
ومنْ غَيَّةٍ تُلْقَى عَلَيْهَا} الشَّرَاشرُ
قَالَ ابنُ بَرّيّ: كم تَرَى من مُصِيب فِي اعتقادٍ ورَأْي، وَكم تَرَى من مُخْطِىء فِي أَفْعَاله وَهُوَ جادٌّ مجتهدٌ فِي فِعْلِ مَا لَا يَنْبَغِي أَن يُفْعَلَ، يُلْقِي شَراشِرَة على مَقَابِحِ الأُمورِ، ويَنْهمِكُ فِي الاستكْثَارِ مِنْهَا. وَقَالَ الآخَرُ:
ويُلْقَى عليهِ كُلَّ يَوْمِ كَرِيهَةٍ
شَرَاشِرُ من حَيَّيْ نِزَار وأَلْبُبُ
الأَلْبُب: عُروقٌ مُتَّصِلَة بالقلْب، يُقَال: أَلقَى عَلَيْهِ بَنَاتِ أَلْبُبِه إِذا أَحبّه، وأَنشد ابنُ الأَعرابيّ:
وَمَا يَدْرِي الحَرِيصُ عَلاَم يُلْقِي
شَرَاشِرَه أَيُخْطىءُ أَم يُصِيبُ
(و) الشَّرَاشِرُ (من الذَّنَب، ذَبَاذِبُه) أَي أَطرَافُه، وَكَذَا شَراشِرُ الأَجنحة: أَطرافُها، قَالَ:
فَعَويْنَ يسْتَعْجِلْنَه ولَقِينَه
يَضْرِبْنَه {بشَرَاشِرِ الأَذْنَابِ
قَالُوا: هاذا هُوَ الأَصلُ فِي الاستعمالِ، ثمّ كُنِيَ بِهِ عَن الجُملة، كَمَا يُقَال أَخَذَه بأَطْرافِه، ويمَثّل بِهِ لمن يَتَوَجَّه للشيْءِ بكُلِّيَّته، فَيُقَال: أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ} شَرَاشِرَه، كَمَا قَالَه الأَصمعيّ، كأَنَّه لِتَهَالُكِه طَرَحَ عَلَيْهِ نَفْسَه بكُلِّيَّتِه، قَالَ شيخُنَا نقلا عَن الشهَاب وهاذا هُوَ الَّذِي يَعْنُون فِي إِطْلاقه، ومُرَادُهم: التَّوَجُّهُ ظَاهرا وَبَاطنا، (الْوَاحِدَة {شُرْشُرَةٌ) ، بالضّم، وَضَبطه الشِّهاب فِي العِنَايةِ فِي أَثناءِ الْفَاتِحَة بالفَتْحِ، كَذَا نَقله شيخُنا.
(و) } شَرَاشِرُ، بِالْفَتْح: (ع) .
( {وشَرْشَرَه: قَطَّعَه) وشَقَّقَهُ، وَفِي حَدِيث الرُّؤْيَا: (} فيُشَرْشِرُ بشِدْقِه إِلى قَفَاه) . قَالَ أَبو عبيد: يَعْنِي يُقَطِّعه ويُشَقّقُه، قَالَ أَبو زُبَيْد يصفُ الأَسَدَ:
يَظَلُ مُغِبّاً عندَه مِن فَرَائِسٍ
رُفَاتُ عِظَامٍ أَو غَرِيضٌ {مُشَرْشَرُ
(و) قيل:} شَرْشَر (الشَّيْءَ) ، إِذا (عَضَّه ثمّ نَفَضَه) .
(و) {شَرْشَرَتْه (الحَيَّةُ: عضَّتْ) .
(و) } شَرْشَرَت (الماشِيَةُ النَّباتَ: أَكَلَتْه) ، أَنشد ابنُ دُرَيْد لجُبَيْها الأَسَدِيّ:
فلَوْ أَنَّهَا طافَتْ بنَبْت {مُشَرْشَر
نَفَى الدِّقَّ عَنهُ جَدْبُه وهْو كالِحُ
(و) } شَرْشَرَ (السِّكِّينَ: أَحَدَّها على الحجَرِ) حَتَّى يَخْشُن حَدُّها.
( {والشُّرْشُورُ، كعُصْفُور: طائِرٌ) صَغِيرٌ، قَالَ الأَصْمَعِيّ: يُسَمّيه أَهلُ الحِجَازَ هاكذا، ويسمّيه الأَعْرابُ البِرْقِشَ، وَقيل: هُوَ أَغْبَرُ على لَطافَةِ الحُمَّرَةِ، وَقيل: هُوَ أَكبرُ من العُصفور قَلِيلا.
(} والشِّرْشِرَةُ، بالكسرِ: عُشْبَةٌ) أَصغَرُ من العَرْفَجِ، وَلها زَهْرَةٌ صَفْرَاءُ، وقُضُبٌ ووَرقٌ ضِخَامٌ غُبْرٌ، مَنبِتُها السَّهْلُ، تَنْبُتُ مُتَفَسِّحَة، كأَنّها الحبالُ طُولاً، كقِيس الإِنسانِ قائِماً، وَلها حَبٌّ كحَبِّ الهَرَاسِ، وجَمْعُها {شِرْشِرٌ، قَالَ:
تَرَوَّى من الأَحْدَاثِ حتّى تَلاحَقَتْ
طَرَائِقُه واهْتَزَّ} بالشِّرْشِرِ المَكْرُ
وَقَالَ أَبو حَنيفَةَ عَن أَبي زِيَاد: {الشِّرْشِرُ يذْهَبُ حِبَالاً على الأَرْضِ طُولاً، كَمَا يَذْهَبُ القُطَبُ، إِلاّ أَنّه لَيْسَ لَهُ شوْكٌ يُؤذِي أَحَداً، وسيأْتِي قَرِيبا فِي كَلَام المصنّف، فإِنه أَعادَه مرّتَيْن زَعْماً مِنْهُ بأَنّهما مُتَغَايِرَانِ، وَلَيْسَ كذالك.
(و) } الشِّرْشِرَةُ، بالكَسْرِ: (القِطْعَةُ من كلِّ شَيْءٍ) .
( {وشُرَاشِرٌ) ، بالضَّم، (} وشُرَيْشِرٌ) ، كمُسَيْجِد، ( {وشُرَيْشِيرٌ) ، كمُحَيْرِيب، (} وشَرْشَرَةُ) ، بالفَتْح، (أَسماءٌ) ، وَكَذَا {شَرَارَةُ، بِالْفَتْح،} وشِرْشِيرٌ.
(و) {شُرَيْرٌ (كزُبَيْرٍ: ع) على سَبْعَة أَميال من الجَارِ، قَالَ كُثَيِّر عِزَّةَ:
دِيَارٌ بأَعْناءِ} الشُّرَيْرِ كأَنَّمَا
عليهنَّ فِي أَكْنافِ عَيْقَةَ شِيدُ
كَذَا فِي اللِّسَان، وَنقل شيخُنَا عَن اللّسان أَنه أُطُمٌ من الآطامِ، وَلم أَجده فِي اللِّسَان. وَنقل عَن المراصد أَنه بديارِ عبدِ القَيْس، قلْت: وَنقل بعضُهم فِيهِ الإِهمال أَيضاً، وَقد تقدّم الإِيماءُ بذالك.
( {وشَرَّى، كحَتَّى: ناحِيَةٌ بهَمَذَانَ) ، نَقله الصاغانيّ.
(} وشَرَوْرَى: جَبَلٌ لبَنِي سُلَيْم) مُطِلٌّ على تَبُوك فِي شَرْقيّها، ويُذْكَر مَعَ رَحْرَحانَ، وَهُوَ أَيضاً فِي أَرضِ بني سُلَيْمٍ بِالشَّام.
( {والمُشَرْشِرُ) ، كمُدَحْرِج: (الأَسَدُ) ، من} الشَّرْشَرَةِ، وَهُوَ عَضُّ الشيْءِ ثمَّ نفضْضُه، كَذَا قَالَه الصّاغانيّ.
(و) عَن اليَزِيدِيّ: ( {شَرَّرَه} تَشْرِيراً: شَهَرَه فِي النّاسِ) .
(و) قيل للأَسَدِيَّةِ، أَو لبعضِ العَرَبِ: مَا شَجَرَةُ أَبيك؟ فَقَالَ: قُطَبٌ {وشرْشرٌ، ووطْبٌ جَشِرٌ.
قَالَ: (} الشَّرْشَرُ) خيرٌ من الإِسْلِيخ والعَرْفَجِ. قَالَ ابْن الأَعرابيّ: وَمن البُقُول {الشَّرْشَرُ، هُوَ بالفَتْح (ويُكْسَرُ) .
وَقَالَ أَبو حنيفَة عَن أَبي زِيَاد:} الشِّرْشِرُ: (نَبْتٌ يَذْهَبُ حِبَالاً على الأَرْضِ طُولاً) ، كَمَا يَذْهب القُطَبُ، إِلاّ أَنّه لَيْسَ لَهُ شَوْكٌ يُؤْذِي أَحداً.
وَقَالَ الأَزهريّ: هُوَ نَبْتٌ معروفٌ، وَقد رأَيتُه بالباديةِ تَسْمَن الإِبلُ عَلَيْهِ وتَغْزُر، وَقد ذكره ابنُ الأَعرابيّ وغيرُه فِي أَسماءِ نُبُوتِ الْبَادِيَة.
(وشِواءٌ {شَرْشَرٌ) ، كجَعْفَر: (يَتَقَاطَرُ دَسَمُه) ، مثل شَلْشَل، وكذالك شِوَاءٌ رَشْرَاشٌ، وسيأْتي فِي محلّه، وَتقدم لَهُ ذكر فِي سعبر.
وَمِمَّا يسْتَدرك عَلَيْهِ:
} شَرَّ {يَشُرّ، إِذا زَاد} شَرُّه، وَقَالَ أَبو زيد: يُقَال فِي مَثَلٍ: (كُلّما تَكْبَر {تَشِرّ) .
وَقَالَ ابْن شُمَيْل: من أَمثالهم: (} شُرّاهُنّ مُرّاهُنّ) .
وَقد {أَشَرَّ بنُو فُلانٍ فُلاناً، أَي طَرَدُوه وأَوْحَدُوه.
} والشُّرَّى، بالضّم: العَيَّانَةُ من النّسَاءِ، قَالَه أَبو عَمْرٍ و.
{والأَشِرَّةُ: البُحور، وَبِه فُسّر قولُ الكُمَيْت:
إِذَا هُوَ أَمْسَى فِي عُبَابِ} أَشِرَّةٍ
مُنِيفاً على العِبْرَيْنِ بالماءِ أَكْبَدَا
ويروى:
إِذا هُو أَضْحَى سَامِياً فِي عُبَابِه
وَفِي حَدِيث الحجَّاج: (لَهَا كِظَّةٌ {تَشْتَرُّ) . قَالَ ابنُ الأَثير: يُقَال:} اشْتَرَّ البَعِيرُ، كاجْتَرّ، وَهِي الجِرَّةُ لما يُخْرِجُه البعيرُ من جَوْفه إِلى فَمِه يَمْضغه ثمَّ يَبتَلِعُه، وَالْجِيم والشين من مَخرجٍ واحدٍ.

قطب

1 قَطَبَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـِ ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (TA,) He collected a thing, brought it, gathered it, or drew it, together: (K, TA:) this is the primary signification. (O.) b2: [Hence] one says, قَطَبَ الحِمَارُ عَانَتَهُ i. e. (tropical:) [The wild ass] collected [his herd of wild she-asses]. (A: there distinguished as tropical.) b3: And قَطَبَ القَوْمُ, [أَنْفُسَهُمْ being app. understood,] and ↓ اقطب, (assumed tropical:) The people, or party, assembled themselves together, or congregated, (O, K, TA,) and were guests, and mixed together. (TA.) b4: And قَطَبَ, (A, K,) aor. ـِ ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. قَطْبٌ and قُطُوبٌ; (K, TA;) and ↓ قطّب, (K,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. تَقْطِيبٌ; (TA;) He contracted the part between his eyes; (A, K;) and grinned, or displayed his teeth, frowning, or contracting his face, and looking sternly, austerely, or morosely; (K, TA;) by reason of drink, &c.: (TA:) or قَطَبَ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ, (S, O, Msb,) aor. ـِ ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (Msb,) he contracted the part between his eyes: (S, O, Msb:) and وَجْهَهُ ↓ قطّب, ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. تَقْطِيبٌ, he contracted his face; (S, O;) or did so much. (So accord. to a copy of the S.) b5: And قَطَبَ الشَّرَابَ, (S, A, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (Msb,) He mixed the wine, or beverage; (S, A, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اقطبهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ قطّبهُ, (O, K, TA,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. تَقْطِيبٌ. (TA.) b6: And قَطَبَ الإِنَآءَ He filled the vessel. (K.) b7: قَطَبَ الجُوَالِقَ, (K, TA,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (S, O,) He inserted one of the two loops of the [sack called]

جوالق into the other, (S, O, K, TA,) on the occasion of making up a load, (TA,) then bent it (S, O, K *) again, (S, O,) [this time, app., back and down,] and put them together [in order, it seems, to insert a stick, so that the middle of one loop should be above the stick and the middle of the other should be beneath it]: (K, TA:) when he does not bend the loop, [app. meaning through the other and then a second time as described above,] the action is termed سَلْقٌ. (S, O, [See سَلَقَ الجُوَالِقَ, in art. سلق.]) A2: قَطَبَهُ signifies also He angered him; (O, K;) aor. as above [and so, app., the ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n.]. (O.) A3: And also, (K, TA,) aor. ـِ (TA,) ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (S, O,) He cut it, or cut it off: (S, O, K:) but in this instance the ط is substituted for ض. (O.) 2 قَطَّبَ see above, in three places.4 أَقْطَبَ see the first paragraph, in two places.

قَطْبٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

قُطْبٌ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ قَطْبٌ and ↓ قِطْبٌ (S, A, O, K, but some reject the second and third of these, TA) and ↓ قُطُبٌ (A, K) and ↓ قُطْبَةٌ, (so in some copies of the K,) or ↓ قَطْبَةٌ, (so in other copies of the K, and thus accord. to the TA, as on the authority of Th,) The axis, or pivot, (T, A, Msb, K,) of iron, (A, K,) of a mill; (T, S, A, O, Msb, K;) the iron thing that is fixed in the middle of the nether stone of a mill; (IAth, TA;) the iron in the nether stone, around which revolves the upper stone, of a mill: (Ham p. 54:) pl. أَقْطَابٌ (A, IAth, O, TA) and قُطُوبٌ (IAth, TA) and قِطَبَةٌ. (O.) b2: Hence, (TA,) القُطْبُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and accord. to some ↓ القَطْبُ and ↓ القِطْبُ, (MF,) (tropical:) [The pole-star: or the pole of the celestial sphere:] a certain star, (K,) a small star, (ISd, TA,) according to which the kibleh is constructed: (ISd, K, TA:) a star between the جَدْى and the فَرْقَدَانِ, around which the celestial sphere, or firmament, revolves, (S, O, TA,) small and white, and never moving from its place: [but it seems that nebula should be here substituted for star:] Aboo-'Adnán says that the قظب is a small star always in the midst of the four [stars] of بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ, [which is evidently a mistake,] never quitting its place, around which revolve the جدى and the فرقدان: but accord. to Ibn-Es-Saláh El-Mohaddith, it is not a star, but a بُقْعَة [meaning a spot, or a nebula,] in the sky, near the جدى, which latter is the [pole-] star whereby the kibleh is known in the northern countries. (TA.) b3: And [hence likewise,] القُطْبُ signifies also (tropical:) The cause, or means, of the subsistence of a thing: and (tropical:) the thing, or point, [or person,] upon which [or upon whom] a thing [such as an affair, and a question,] turns: pl. [as above, i. e.] أَقْطَابٌ and قُطُوبٌ and قِطَبَةٌ. (K, TA.) b4: And (tropical:) The chief, or lord, of a people or tribe; (S, A, O, K;) قُطْبُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ meaning (tropical:) the chief, or lord, of the sons of such a one, upon whom their state of affairs turns [i. e. depends, and by whose government their affairs are regulated]. (S, O, TA.) And قُطْبُ رَحَى الحَرْبِ [lit. The axis, or pivot, of the mill of war, or of the mill of the war,] means (tropical:) the commander of the army. (S, O, TA.) b5: [In the conventional language of the mystics, it is applied to (assumed tropical:) The hierarch of the saints of his generation, who is also called الغَوْثُ, and is supposed to be pre-eminently endued with sanctity, and with thaumaturgic faculties, and to be known as the قُطْب to none but his agents unless he make himself known: at his death, his place is believed to be filled by another.]

A2: [قُطْبٌ also signifies A species of plant:] accord. to AHn, the قُطْب [is a species of plant that] extends upon the ground like ropes, and has a yellow, thorny, or prickly, blossom; when fit to be reaped, and dry, it hurts men to tread upon it; and is round like a pebble: n. un. ↓ قُطْبَةٌ: (O:) [it is said in the K that ↓ القُطْبَةُ is said to signify a certain plant: and the pl. is قُطْبٌ or قُطَبٌ: (thus accord. to different copies: in my MS. copy, the former; and in the CK, the latter, and there said to be like صُرَدٌ: if the former be right, it is a coll. gen. n.:)] or قُطْبٌ and ↓ قُطْبَةٌ signify two species of plants: and the latter is said to be a certain herb, having a fruit, or produce, and berries (حَبّ) like those of the هَرَاس [a tree that bears a kind of drupe]: Lh says that it [app. the قُطْب, the pronoun being masc.,] is a species of thorn, from which diverge three thorns, resembling a حَسَك [here meaning caltrop: the leaves of its stem resemble those of the [species of trefoil called] نَفَل and ذُرق, and قطب is the name of the fruit: and أَرْضٌ قطبة [i. e., accord. to general analogy, ↓ قَطِبَةٌ, like قَصِبَةٌ &c.,] signifies Land in which this kind of plant grows. (TA.) A3: See also قُطْبَةٌ.

قِطْبٌ: see قُطْبٌ, first and second sentences.

قَطَبٌ, [app. an ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n. of which the verb is not mentioned, (in the CK قَطْب, but, as is said in the TA, it is مُحَرَّكَة,)] which is forbidden, is One's taking a thing [by measure or weight], and then taking the rest of the commodity by comparing it with the former portion, without measure or weight. (Kr, K, * TA.) قَطِبٌ: see قَطُوبٌ: A2: and أَرْضٌ قَطِبَةٌ: see قُطْبٌ, last sentence but one.

قُطُبٌ: see قُطْبٌ, first sentence.

قَطْبَةٌ: see قُطْبٌ, first sentence.

قُطْبَةٌ: see قُطْبٌ, first sentence: A2: and again, in the last quarter of the paragraph, in three places.

A3: Also An arrow-head (S, O, K) of small size (O) with which one shoots at a butt: (S, O, K:) accord. to ISd, a small, short, foursided head at the end of an arrow with which one shoots, to the utmost possible distance, at the butts: accord. to Th, the end of an arrow with which one shoots at the butt: accord. to AHn, it is of what are called المَرَامِى [pl. of مِرْمَاةٌ, q. v.]: (TA:) or an arrow with which one contends for superiority in shooting: (A:) [but] accord. to En-Nadr, it is not accounted an arrow: and ↓ قُطْبٌ signifies an arrow-head; occurring in a trad. in this sense. (TA.) قُطْبَانٌ A certain plant. (K.) قِطِبَّى A certain plant, of which is made rope of twisted strands, or well-twisted rope, (K, TA,) resembling that of the cocoa-nut, the price of which mounts to a hundred deenárs of ready money, (TA,) and which is better than that made of the fibres of the cocoa-nut. (K, TA.) قِطَابٌ An admixture (Lth, S, * O, K, TA) in what is drunk and what is not drunk. (Lth, TA.) b2: And قِطَابُ الجَيْبِ, (S, A, O, K, *) from القَطْبُ meaning “ the act of cutting,” (S, TA,) or from the same as meaning “ the act of bringing, or drawing, together ” two things, (TA,) The opening that is cut out at the neck and bosom of a shirt or the like, for the head to enter into it: (O:) or (tropical:) the part where the two sides of that opening unite: (A, * K, * TA:) or, as AAF says, the lower, or lowest, part of that opening. (TA.) قَطُوبٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ قَاطِبٌ (K) [and ↓ قَطِبٌ (occurring in the A in art. دعب, as opposed to دَعِبٌ and لَعِبٌ, to which it seems to be therefore assimilated in form,)] Who contracts the part between his eyes; (S, O, K;) and grins, or displays his teeth, frowning, or contracting his face, and looking sternly, austerely, or morosely; (K;) [or rather the first signifies one who does so much;] applied to a man. (S.) b2: Hence, (TA,) القَطُوبُ and ↓ القَاطِبُ signify The lion. (O, K, TA.) قَطِيبٌ Mixed wine or beverage [&c.]; as also ↓ مَقْطُوبٌ. (K.) قُطَابَةٌ A piece of flesh: (Kr, K:) from قَطَبَ signifying “ he cut ” a thing. (TA.) قَطِيبَةٌ Anything mixed. (TA.) And [particularly] (TA) Camels' milk and sheeps' or goats' milk mixed together: (IAar, S, O, K:) or goats' milk and sheeps' milk mixed together; (K;) which is also called نَخِيسَةٌ: (TA:) or fresh milk, or milk such as is termed حَقِين [q. v.], mixed with إِهَالَة [or melted fat, &c.]: and i. q. رَثِيئَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: See also قَاطِبَة.

قَاطِبٌ: see قَطُوبٌ, in two places.

جَاؤُوا قَاطِبَةً (tropical:) They came all together: (S, A, * O, Msb, K:) قاطبة being a noun denoting generality, (Sb, S, O,) not used but as a word descriptive of state, in the accus. case: (Sb, S, O, K:) its use otherwise is a vulgar corruption, though allowed by El-Khafájee: (MF:) or it may be regarded in a phrase such as that above as being in the accus. case as an ـصْدَرٌ">inf. n.: (IAth, TA:) it is expl. in the T as meaning all together; mixed, one with another. (TA.) And ↓ جَاؤُوا بِقَطِيبَتِهِم means (assumed tropical:) They came with their [whole] company. (K.) المُقَطَّبُ and المُقَطِّبُ and المَقْطِبُ The part between the eyebrows. (TA.) مَقْطُوٰٰبٌ: see قَطِيبٌ. b2: قِرْبَةٌ مَقْطُوبَةٌ A water-skin filled. (Lh, O, TA.) وَجْهٌ مُتَقَطِّبٌ [A contracted face]. (K in art. بسر.)