حشو: حشو: هي حشي في لغة العمة (فوك، بوشر) والمصدر نفسه من حشاية (فوك). ويقال حشي ب، ففي النويري (الأندلس ص479) مثلاً في كلامه عن جثة ميت: حَشِي بعاقاقير.
وحشى: أشبع، وملأ جوفه طعاماً.
وحشى روحه: امتلأ طعاماً. امتلأت معدته امتلاء شديدا (بوشر).
وحشي: ادخل نفسه فيما لا يعنيه (بوشر).
وحشى: ذيَّل تأليفاً: دس نصوصا في كتاب (بوشر).
وحشى في: ضم إلى، جمع إلى (بوشر).
وحشى قطنا: بطنه بالقطن (بوشر).
حشى الحساب: زاد في النفقة (بوشر).
حشى حاله في أمر غيره: سابقه ونافسه وجاراه (بوشر).
حشّى في: دس نصوصا في كتاب (بوشر) أحشى: تعني في لغة العامة حشى بمعنى ملأ (فوك).
وأحشى: أودع في برميل. صب شراباً في برميل بواسطة القمع (ألكالا).
تحشَّى: حشى بمعنى ملأ (معجم المتفرقات).
انحشى: باشرا أمراً. وتورط في قضية (بوشر).
وانحشى: تدثر، تغطى بما يدفئ (بوشر).
احتشى به وفيه: تدخل فيه، دس أنفه فيه (بوشر).
حشاً: ما انضمت عليه الظلوع والقلب والرئة والكبد. وتستعمل في الغالب مجازا لأن الحشا مركز العواطف والانفعالات والتأثر، يقال مثلً: طَأْمِن حــشاك أي أطمئن وسكَّن من روعك وأهدأ. (كوزج مختارات ص 108).
وبَرِّد حــشاك: أي قلبك وأطرد الهم عنه بالشراب والحب (الحريري ص123).
حَشَّى ويجمع على أحشية: ويطلق غالباً على كل ما يحشى ويطلق خاصة على الخبز المحشو بالسكر واللوز ونحو ذلك، ففي معجم المنصوري: احشية جمع حَشِّى بمعنى مَحْشُوّ وهو كل ما يُحْشَى بغيره والمراد به هنا ما حُشِيَ من الخبز بالسكر واللوز ونحو ذلك.
حَشْو: يعني غالباً كل ما حشي وأدخل في غيره. أنظر كوزج مختارات (121).
وكان على لين أن لا يفسر هذه الكلمة بكلمة، قطن، بل بما معناه ((قطن مندوف، سبيخة)) (أنظر حشى). وفي معجم بوشر. حَشَوة قطن دلالة على الواحدة من الحشو بهذا المعنى.
والثياب ذوات الحشو: الثياب المبطنة (المحشوة) بالقطن المندوف (المقري 2: 88). ويقال مجازا في الكلام عن النساء: الغَدْرُ حَشْوُ ثيابِهِن (ألف ليلة 1: 6) وفي المطبوع منها: حشو وهو خطأ.
وحَشْو: لحم مفروم مخردل (بوشر) وعند رولاند اسم الوحدة منه حشوة بهذا أي لحم مفروم. وحَشو: ضرب من الخبز يتخذ من الدقيق والعسل والسمسم والافاوية. (معجم الأسبانية ص59).
وحَشْو: كلام مسهب مطول (مملوك 1، 2: 105) انظر حشوي.
حَشْوَة: انظر المادة السابقة.
حَشْوِيّ وحَشَوي: حاول كاترمير (مملوك 1، 2: 105) أن يبرهن أن هذه الكلمة من يتكلم بها بكلام فضل لا خير فيه. ويظهر إنها تعني بهذا المعنى في بعض العبارات التي نقلها غير أنها لا تعني هذا المعنى في عبارات أخرى. لئن الحشوية أو أهل الحشو فيها إنما هي اسم طائفة. والرأي مختلف حول اصل هذا الاسم وحول أراء التي تقول بها وتعتقدها انظر معجم الادريسي.
وقد ذكر فوك كلمة حَشَوى في مادة ( Ora) وهي من الأصل حشى.
حَشاء: حَشَّاء التِبْنِ: من يحشو بالتبن مُصَبِر، مقشش (بوشر).
حاشية: حشو، خارج عن الصدد، خارج عن الموضوع، استطراد. والحاشية في الشعر الحشو لإقامة الوزن والقافية (بوشر) ولمعرفة معان أخرى لهذه الكلمة انظر مادة حشى.
أحشائي: نسبة إلى الأحشاء (بوشر) تَحشٍ (بالعامية تحشى): حشو، استطراد، خروج الكلام عن الصدد (بوشر).
مَحْشُوٌ: مُبَطَّن (المعجم اللاتيني العربي) وفيه: ( Diploide) ثوب مُبَطَّن مَحْشُو.
ومَحْشُو: نسيج مبطن. ففي كتاب ابن القوطية (ص17و): خرج إليه كلب من دار تجاور مقبرة قُرِيْش على بنيقة محشوّ مَرْوي كان يلبسه فخرقه. إن استعمال ضمير المذكر يدعو إلى العجب في مخطوطة صحيحة مثل هذه ولعل المؤلف قد فكر بكلمة محشو بالمعنى الذيسيلأتي بدل أن يفكر ب ((بنيقة)).
ومحشو: رداء مبطن (المعجم اللاتيني العربي) وفيه ( Vel clamis sagum mantum) ( لحاف ومَحْشُو).
مَحْشِيَّ: ما حشي باللحم والأرز من الطعام (انظر مادة ( Cuisine) عند برجرن، محيط المحيط).
ورَق محشي: ورق عنب أو ورق خس أو ورق كرنب يلف بخليط من الأرز واللحم المفروم (لين عادات 1: 217).
مُحْشى: ضرب من الخبز يتخذ من الدقيق والعسل والسمسم والأفاوية (ألكالا) وهو يكتبها ( Mohaxi) غير أن هذه ما يقوله أهل غرناطة للفظة ( mohxa) وهو اسم مفعول من أفعل في لغة العامة. وهو عندهم يدل معنى حسَّى.
مَحْشِيَة: تطلق في الأندلس على المِحْشاة وهو ضرب من القمصان أو الجلابيب أو كساء يرتدي به. (معجم البيان ص32 رقم 2 معجم الأسبانية ص163).

حشو

1 حَشَا, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) aor. ـْ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. حَشْوٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He filled, (K, TA,) or stuffed, (KL, PS,) a pillow, or cushion, [and a garment, (see حَشْوٌ, below,)] &c., (S, Mgh, * Msb, K,) with a thing, (K,) with cotton, (Msb, TA,) and the like. (TA.) [And He stuffed a lamb, or a fowl, and a vegetable, &c., with rice &c.] b2: Hence, حَشَا الغَيْظَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (tropical:) [He stuffed wrath into a man's bosom: see an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. حظل:] and حُشِىَ الرَّجُلُ غَيْظًا وَ كِبْرًا (tropical:) [The man was stuffed with wrath and pride], and حُشِىَ الرَّجُلُ بِالنَّفْسِ and حُشِىَ النَّفْسَ (assumed tropical:) [The man was stuffed with pride, or self-magnification, or with disdain, or scorn]. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] صِغَارُ الإِبِلِ تَحْشُو الكِبَارَ (assumed tropical:) The young camels enter, or occupy the spaces, among the old ones. (TA.) b4: [رَسَمَ كِتَابًا وَ لَمْ يَحْشُهُ, a phrase occurring in the 1st نَوْع of the Mz, means (assumed tropical:) He sketched out a book, and did not fill it up.] b5: حَشَاهُ [also signifies He foisted it into a thing. b6: And] He hit, or hurt, his حَشًا [q. v., like حَشَأَهُ]. (K.) Yousay, حَشَاهُ سَهْمًا, inf. n. as above, He hit, or hurt, his حَشًا [with an arrow]. (TA.) 3 مَا أَجَلَّهُ وَ لَا حَاشَاهُ He gave him not a جَلِيلَة [i. e. a she-camel that had brought forth once] nor حَاشِيَة [i. e. small, or young, camels]: (K:) or ↓ مَا أَجَلَّنِى وَ لَا أَحْشَانِى He gave me not a she-camel that had brought forth once nor gave he me a young, or small, camel. (S in art. جل.) 4 أَحْشَوَ see 3.5 تَحَشَّوَ see 8. b2: تحشّى فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) He became received among the sons of such a one, and harboured, protected, or lodged, by them. (TA in art. حشى [but belonging to the present art.].) 7 إِنْحَشَوَ see 8. b2: انحشى صَوْتٌ فِى صَوْتٍ [app. (assumed tropical:) A sound became blended in a sound], and حَرْفٌ فِى

حَرْفٍ [a letter in a letter]: mentioned by Az. (TA in art. حشى [but app. belonging to the present art.].) 8 احتشى It (a thing) became filled [or stuffed; as also ↓ انحشى]. (K.) And in like manner you say of a man, احتشى مِنَ الطَّعَامِ He became filled [or stuffed] with food. (TA.) And اِحْتَشَتِ الرُّمَّانَةُ بِالحَبِّ The pomegranate became filled with the grains, or seeds. (TA.) b2: اِحْتَشَتْ She (a مُسْتَحَاضَة) stuffed her vulva (نَفْسَهَا) with the [rags termed] مَفَارِم [in the CK, erroneously, مَقَارِم], (K, TA,) and the like: and in a similar sense احتشى is used as said of a man having the [disorder termed] إِبْرِدَة. (TA.) And اِحْتَشَتْ بِالكُرْسُفِ (S, Mgh, TA) and الكُرْسُفَ (Mgh, TA) She (a حَائِض, S, Mgh) stuffed her vulva with cotton, (Mgh, TA,) to arrest the blood. (S.) b3: اِحْتَشَتْ حَشِيَّةً and بِحَشِيَّةٍ She (a woman) wore a حَشِيَّة; (IAar, K;) as also ↓ تَحَشَّتْ [alone]. (Az, TA in art. حشى.) A poet says, لَا تَحْتَشِى إِلَّا الصَّمِيمَ الصَّادِقَا [She will not wear any stuffing but that which is genuine and true]: meaning that she will not wear حَشَايَا because the largeness of her posteriors renders it needless for her to do so. (IAar, TA.) حِشَةٌ, pl. حِشُونَ: see وَحْشٌ.

حَشًا The contents of the belly: (K:) or a bowel, or an intestine, into which the food passes from the stomach; syn. مِعًى: (Msb:) pl. أَحْشَآءٌ: (Msb, K:) and ↓ حُشْوَةٌ and ↓ حِشْوَةٌ signify the bowels, or intestines; [like أَحْشَآءٌ;] syn. أَمْعَآءٌ: (Msb:) or these are called البَطْنِ ↓ حُشْوَةُ and ↓ حِشْوَتُهُ: (S, TA:) or حشوة signifies all that is in the belly except the fat; so accord. to Az and Esh-Sháfi'ee: or, accord. to As, the place of the food, comprising the أَحْشَآء and the أَقْصَاب: (TA:) [see also مَحْشًى:] الحَشَا is the name of all the places of the food: (Zj in his “Khalk el-Insán:”) [see also, for other meanings, its dial. var. حَشًى, in art. حشى:] the word belongs to this art. and to art. حشى; the dual being حَشَوَانِ and حَشَيَانِ. (TA.) A2: A side, (Msb, TA,) region, quarter, or tract. (Msb.) You say, أَنَا فِى حَشَا فُلَانٍ I am in the quarter and protection of such a one: pl. as above. (Har p. 61.) [See, again, حَشًى, in art. حشى.]

حَشْوٌ, like the inf. n., (TA,) Stuffing; (PS;) [i. e.] what is put into a pillow, or cushion, &c.: (K, TA:) and [hence] cotton: and the seeds used for seasoning food, [and the rice &c.,] with which the belly of a lamb is stuffed: pl. ↓ مَحَاشٍ, deviating from rule. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) The soul of a man. (K, TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) [A parenthesis;] a redundant part, or portion, of speech, or of a sentence, (K, TA,) upon which nothing is syntactically dependent. (TA. [See Har pp. 85 and 86.]) b4: (assumed tropical:) [A digression.] b5: (assumed tropical:) The portion of either hemistich of a verse that is comprised between the first and last foot. (KT, &c.) b6: (assumed tropical:) Small, or young, camels, (S, K,) among which are no great, or old, ones; (S, TA;) as also ↓ حَاشِيَةٌ: (S, K:) so called because they enter, or occupy the spaces, among the latter; or because they go against the sides of the latter: (TA:) accord. to ISk, (S,) ↓ الحَاشِيَتَانِ signifies [the camel termed] اِبْنُ المَخَاضِ and [that termed] اِبْنُ اللَّبُونِ: (S, and K in art. حشى:) the pl. [of حَاشِيَةٌ] is ↓ حَوَاشٍ. (TA.) It is said in a trad. respecting the poorrate, أَمْوَالِهِمْ ↓ حُذْ مِنْ حَوَاشِى, i. e., accord. to IAth, (assumed tropical:) Take thou of the small, or young, of their camels; such as those termed ابن المخاض and ابن اللبون. (TA. [But see another explanation of this saying voce حَاشِيَةٌ in art. حشى.]) b7: and حَشْوٌ and ↓ حَاشِيَةٌ signify also (assumed tropical:) The like of mankind; (S;) [i. e.] حَاشِيَةٌ signifies (tropical:) the lower or lowest, baser or basest, meaner or meanest, sort, or the rabble, or refuse, of mankind, or of the people; (TA in art. حشى, and Har p. 61;) as also حَشْوٌ [which is of frequent occurrence in this sense]; (KL;) and ↓ حِشْوَةٌ; (S, TA;) such as servants and the like. (Har ubi suprà, in explanation of حاشية. [See also this word in art. حشى.]) You say, ↓ جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مَعَ حَاشِيَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one came with those who were in his quarter and protection: but this may be from حَشًا signifying “a region, quarter, or tract;” servants and followers being in the quarter and protection of their master. (Har ubi suprà.) And فُلَانٌ بَنِى فُلَانٍ ↓ مِنْ حِشْوَةِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is of the lower or lowest, &c., of the sons of such a one. (S.) b8: See also حُشْوَةٌ.

A2: Also A stuffed garment. (Mgh.) أَرْضٌ حَشَاةٌ (tropical:) Black land, in which is no good. (K, TA.) حُشْوَةٌ and حِشْوَةٌ: for each, see حَشًا, in two places: b2: and for the latter, see also حَشْوٌ, in two places. b3: You say also, مَا أَكْثَرَ حُشْوَةَ أَرْضِهِ and حِشْوَةَ ارضه, i. e. ↓ حَشْوَهَا and دَغَلَهَا [app. meaning (tropical:) How many are the thickets, or the like, that obstruct the tracts of his land!]. (Lh, K, TA.) حَشِىٌّ Herbage that has become dry in its lower part, and rotten: (IAar, K:) or dry: (As, S, K:) like خَشِىٌّ [q. v.]. (S, TA.) حَشِيَّةٌ A stuffed bed: (K:) pl. حَشَايَا. (TA.) ['Antarah says that a saddle was to him what the حَشِيَّة, or stuffed bed, is to others: see EM p. 229.] b2: Also, (K,) and ↓ مِحْشًى, (S, K,) A pillow, (K,) or the like, (S,) with which a woman makes her posteriors (S, K) or her body (K) to appear large: (S, K:) pl. of the former as above; (TA;) and of the latter مَحَاشٍ. (S, TA. [In the S, it is only said of the former that it is the sing. of حَشَايَا.]) b3: [Also the former, The pad of a رَحْل (or camel's saddle): see مِرْبَطَةٌ.]

حَاشِيَةٌ, and its dual and pl.: see حَشْوٌ, in six places. b2: See also art. حشى.

مَحْشًى The place of the food in the belly. (K.) [See also حَشًا, and مَحْشَاةٌ.]

مِحْشًى: see حَشِيَّةٌ.

مَحْشَاةٌ [The rectum;] the lowest of the places of the food, (As, TA,) [i. e.] the portion of the intestines which is the lowest of the places of the food, (IAth, TA,) leading [immediately] to the place of egress; (As, TA;) in a beast, i. q. مَبْعَرٌ: (TA: [explained in the K in art. حش, to which it does not belong:]) pl. مَحَاشٍ. (IAth, TA.) Hence, إِيَّاكُمْ وَ إِتْيَانَ النِّسَآءِ فِى مَحَاشِيهِنَّ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ مَحْشَاةٍ حَرَامٌ. (TA.) مِحْشَاةٌ A coarse [garment of the kind called]

كِسَآء, (As, S, TA,) that abrades the skin: (TA:) pl. مَحَاشٍ. (As, S.) [But accord. to some, a garment of this kind is called مِحْشَأٌ or مِحْشَآءٌ.]

مَحْشُوٌّ and مَحْشِىٌّ Filled, or stuffed..]

مَحَاشٍ pl. of مِحْشًى, (S, TA,) and of مَحْشَاةٌ, (IAth, TA,) and of مِحْشَاةٌ, (As, S,) and irreg. pl. of حَشْوٌ, q. v. (TA.)

جنس

2 جنّسهُ بِهِ, (TK,) inf. n. تَجْنِيسٌ, from الجِنْسُ, (S, K,) [He made it homogeneous, or congenial, with it; or similar, or conformable, to it: expl. in the TK, not well, by شاكــله; but the inf. n., with tolerable correctness, by ايكى شيئى برى برينه مــشاكــل قلمق. The usage of the term تَجْنِيسٌ in rhetoric, to signify the use of two or more words completely or partly conformable, is post-classical, like جِنَاسٌ, an inf. n. of جَانَسَ.]3 جانسهُ, [inf. n. مُجَانَسَةٌ and جِنَاسٌ,] It was, or became, homogeneous, or congenial, with it; or similar, or conformable, to it; syn. شَاكَــلَهُ: (Mgh, Msb:) المُجَانَسَةُ is from الجِنْسُ. (S, TA.) You say, هٰذَا يُجَانِسُ هٰذَا This is homogeneous with this; syn. يُــشَاكِــلُهُ: (Mgh, Msb:) so says Kh. (Msb.) And كَيْفَ يُؤَانِسُكَ مَنْ لَا يُجَانِسُكَ [How will he be sociable with thee who will not be congenial with thee?]. (A.) And of a man who has not discrimination nor intelligence, one says, فُلَانٌ يُجَانِسُ البَهَائِمَ وَلَا يُجَانِسُ النَّاسَ [Such a one resembles the beasts, and does not resemble men]: (Mgh, Msb, * TA:) so says Kh. (Mgh.) But As says that this usage, (Mgh, Msb,) in the first and last of the above-mentioned phrases, (Msb,) is post-classical. (Mgh, Msb.) The usage of the term جِنَاسٌ by rhetoricians [to signify the complete or partial conformity of two or more words] is post-classical [like تَجْنِيسٌ]. (TA.) 6 تجانس الشَّيْآنِ [The two things were, or became homogeneous, congenial, similar, or conformable,] is a phrase of the scholastic theologians, not [classical] Arabic. (TA.) جِنْسٌ [A genus, kind, or generical class, comprising under it several species, or sorts; or comprised under a superior genus, in relation to which it is a species, or sort;] a ضَرةب of a thing; (S;) or of anything; (Mgh, Msb;) any ضَرْب of a thing; (A, K;) [as] of men, and of birds, and of the definitions of grammar and of the art of versification, and of things collectively; so accord. to the lexicologists; (ISd, TA;) a term of more common import than نَوْع [which is a species, or sort]: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) thus animal is a جنس and man is a نوع, (Mgh, Msb,) because the latter is of more particular import than the former, though it is a جنس in relation to what is under it; but the scholastic theologians reverse the case, (Mgh,) for with them جنس is of more particular import than نوع: (Kull p. 139:) thus also camels are a جنس of beasts: (A, K:) pl. أَجْنَاسٌ [properly a pl. of pauc. but used also as one of mult.] (Mgh, Msb, K) and جُنُوسٌ. (IDrd, K.) You say, النَّاسُ أَجْنَاسٌ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ أَنْجَاسٌ [Men are of several kinds, and most of them are impure]. (A, TA.) And فُلَانٌ مِنْ جِنْسِكَ, meaning أَصْلِكَ [i. e. Such a one is of thy stock]. (S in art. جنث.) b2: [Hence, اِسْمُ جِنْسٍ A generic noun: and اِسْمُ جِنْسٍ جَمْعِىٌّ a collective generic noun.] b3: أَوْصَى لِجِنْسِهِ signifies He left by will, of his property, to the children of his father, [or his kindred by the father's side,] exclusively of all relations of the mother: and so, لِأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ. (Mgh.) b4: The assertion, in the K, that J's saying, on the authority of IDrd, that As used to say الجِنْسُ as meaning المُجَانَسَةُ is a vulgarism, is erroneous, is a matter for consideration; for As said not this, but [what has been cited above, voce جَانَسَهُ, or] what will be found below, voce مُجَانِسٌ. (TA.) جِنْسِىٌّ Generic; generical.]

جِنْسِيَّةٌ Generical quality.]

مُجَانِسٌ Homogeneous; congenial; similar; conformable; syn. مُــشَاكِــلٌ. (K.) But IDrd asserts that As used to reject the saying of the vulgar, هٰذَا مُجَانِسُ لِهٰذَا [This is homogeneous with this, &c.], and to say, It is post-classical. (S.) [See also 3.]

عرف:
عرف: اعترف بالجميل، أقرّ بالفضل. يقال مثلاً: اعرف لي هذه الفعلة أي اعترف لي بفضل هذه الفعلة. (بوشر، أبو الوليد ص167، معجم مسلم). ونجد هذا الفعل في معجم مسلم بمعنى دأب علي واعتاد. ففي النص الذي نقل: هم يحسدوني لأنهم يعلمون أنك ستغنيني لأنَّ ذلك قد عرفتَ بِفعْله فيمن قصدك. وإذا ما ترجم ب (لأنك تعرف فعل هذا فيمن قصدك) نجد أن الفعل يعني معناه المألوف.
عرفه: تحقق من أن الشيء الذي وجده شخص آخر هو ملكه. (معجم البلاذري).
عرفه القاضي: تأكد القاضي من هويته وشخصيته. (رولاند).
عرف لفلان فضله: اعترف له به، أقرّبه. ففي رياض النفوس (ص45 و): كان من المجتهدين في العبادة وكان سَحْنون يعرف له فَضْلَه.
عرف نفسه بأن: اعترف، أقرَّ (بوشر).
عرف: فحص الضالة التي لقيها وعثر عليها لكي يعلم إذا ما طالب بها شخص أنها ملكه حقيقة.
(معجم البلاذري).
ما اعرف فيه .. لا أتدخل فيه، لا أريد أن أشارك فيه مجاناً بلا ثمن (بوشر).
ما اعرف ثيابي إلا منك: ما أطالب بثيابي أحداً غيرك (ألف ليلة 3: 428 وفيها 3: 433) مخاطباً القاضي: ما نعرف حالنا وما لنا إلا منك. وانظر (3: 435) وما يليها، و (برسل 11: 383).
عرف بفلان: علم بوجوده. ففي رياض النفوس (ص101 ق): دخلا عليه حين كان مستغرقاً في الصلاة فلما فرغ منها وقالا له لقد انتظرنا زمناً طويلاً أجابهم: ما عرفتُ بكما وقت دخولكما ولا رأيتكما الساعة عُرِف ب: استعمار اسمه من: (معجم الادريسي).
عَرَّف (بالتشديد). عرّف أحداً ب أو مع: جعل شخصاً يعرف آخر. (بوشر، معجم بدرون).
عرَّف: سمّاه باسم. ففي المقري (1: 134): والكاتب الآخر كاتب الزمام هكذا يعرفون كاتب الجهْبذهَ. وفي معجم لين: عرَّفتُه بزيد.
عرَّف: جعله يقرّ بذنبه. ففي ابن رشد لرينان: (ص442): ومتى عُثر منهم على مُجْدٍ (مُجِدّ) في غلوائه فليعاجل بالتثقيف والتعريف. وانظر كلام اللغويين في مادة عَرَف. عَرَف بِذَنْبِه لفلان، أي أقرَّ.
عَرَّف: حمله على الاعتراف، سمع اعترافه بخطاياه. (بوشر).
عَرَّف: جعله عريفاً وهو القيّم بأمر القوم ورئيسهم (الأخبار ص109، ألماوردي ص59) عَرَّف: أهان، سبَّ، شتم، قذع، حقَر. (ألكالا، ياقوت، 2: 139).
نَعَرَّف- التعرُّف: هو علم يتعرف منه تحصيل المال. أي علم يعلم كيف يكسب المال (بوشر).
تَعَرَّف: اكتيب علماً ومعرفة، ودرس.
وتعلَّم. ففي الجريدة الآسيوية (1851، 1: 60): وبها قرأ ونشأ وتَعرَّفَ (انظر لين) وقد فهم السيد شير بونوّ هذا الفعل بمعنى آخر لأنه ترجمه (إلى الفرنسية بما معناه): اتخذ له فيها عدداً من المعارف والأصدقاء. وهذا ما يمكن الدفاع عنه وقبوله.
تَعَرَّف: فحص الشيء الذي لقيه لكي يعرف إذا ما ادعاه أحد إنه ملكه حقيقة (معجم البلاذري).
تعرَّف: وصف من أضاع شيئاً هذا الشيء لمن وجده. (معجم البلاذري).
تعَّرف بفلان: تعارف معه، وصاحبه وعاشره (معجم بدرون، ألف ليلة 4: 482). وفي كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص62 و): حين دخل بغداد وتعرف بسلطانها. (أبو الوليد ص268). ويقال أيضاً: تَعرَّفَ لفلان (المقري 2: 102، 103). وفي كتاب الخطيب (99ر): فجاء في ذلك الموضع رَجُلُ حَدَّاد فقرأه لعمر (؟) كان له وتعرف له وأبو بكر يستغرب أمره فلما فرغوا من أكلهم .. الخ.
تعرَّف بالناس: عرف الأشخاص الذين يتوقف عليهم نجاحه وفوزه. (بوشر).
تعَّرف بفلان: عرفه ثانية وتحقق منه. (ألف ليلة برسل 4: 44).
تعرَّف: لا أدري كيف يجب أن أترجم عبارة ابن جبير (ص300)، وهي: في مطلع هذا الشهر يدعو بعضهم لبعض بتعُّرف بركة هذا الشهر ويمنه واستصحاب السعادة والخير فيه.
تعرَّف: وجد عرْفاً طيباً أي رائحة طيبة.
(أبو الوليد ص194).
تعارف. تعارف الزوجان: تجامعا. (محيط المحيط).
تعارف مع فلان: تعرَّف إليه. (بوشر).
تعارف تبّان وانتشر (دي سلان). وفي البكري (ص10): وعندهم غريبة وهو أن السارق إذا سرق عندهم كتبوا كتاباً يتعارفونه الخ.
تعارف: أصطلح، جعل الكلمة مصطلحاً علمياً أو فنياً. أنظر العبارات التي نقلتها في مادة حب القرع من معجم المنصوري وكذلك مادة رحى.
وفيه: شرج هو حلقة الدُبُر مستعار من شرج القربة وتعورف كالمنقول.
وفيه (مادة ورم): هذا اصطلاح الأطباء وتعارُفُهم.
اعترف: أقرَّ بالدين. (ملّر ص27).
اعترف لفلان: أقرّ بالسلطان وخضع له.
ففي حيان- بسّام (3: 66ق): فتشاوروا في ارتياد أمير من أنفسهم يعترفون له.
واعترف لفلان بالشيء: أقرّ له بمزاياه وعرفها له. ففي المقري (2: 64): اعترف له بالفضل والغناء في حفظ قواعد الدولة.
اعترف: تأمل، تروّى، فكّر ملياً، تفكرّ.
(المقري 1: 306).
عَرْف: رائحة، وتجمع على أعَراف (المقري 2: 242).
عَرْف: غُصن، فرع، فنن، وجمعها عُرُوف (هوبرت ص51). وأعراف (بوسييه) وأما عراف عند رولاند فهي خطأ.
عَرْف: يقولون في تونس يا عَرْفي كما يقولون يا سيدي (كاريت قبيل 1: 81) غير أنها أقل درجة من سيدي. وهي كما يقال: معلّم بيير، معلّم جان (بليسييه ص207). وعند دونانت (ص217) (وفي تونس يطلق الأهالي لقب عَرَّفي أي معلم وأستاذ على الأوربيين من ذوي الرتب والمكانة). غير أنها عارف. عند بورسييه.
عُرْف: مرادف عادة. يقال مثلاً في مدح أمير: خصائصه لا تدخل تحت العرف والعادة. (الثعالبي لطائف ص2، ألكالا، المقدمة 2: 56، 57).
عُرْف: قانون قائم على ما تعارف عليه الناس.
مثل عادة وهو ضد شَرْع وهو القانون المكتوب (فان دنيرج ص2، محيط المحيط). ألكالا) وفيه عرف وهذه لفظة مخففة إن لم تكن من خطأ الطباعة = عادة. (وينجفيلدا: 56) وانظر دي ساسي (بلاغة وقواعد ص438 رقم 25).
العرف الجاري: الاستعمال المألوف في القضاء (سندوفال ص30).
عُرْف: في اصطلاح النحو مُعَرَّف، يقال اسم عُرْف وهو خلاف وضد نُكْر. (الألفية ص92).
الأعراف (جمع) (المعتكف) البرزخ. وهو من اصطلاح علم اللاهوت. (بوشر، همبرت من 149). وعند همبرت أيضاً: مطهر، العراف.
غير أن هذه نفس الكلمة الأعراف.
عرف الأسد: النجوم التي تشبه 9.3 في كوكبة نجوم الأسد. (دورن ص54).
عرف الديك: اسم نبات = شَنْف الديك. (محيط المحيط مادة شنف). عرف الأفعى: لسان الأفعى: (باين سميث 1229).
عرف: اسم آلة موسيقية، هذا إذا كانت كتابة الكلمة صحيحة عند كازيري (1: 528). ولم يقل السيد سيمونيه ما يخالف هذا.
عُرَّفَي: تعسفي، مطلق، كيفي غير قضائي وحئُكم عُرُفي: حكم كيفي، وقضاء حَكمَ في نزاع (بوشر).
عِرْفان: مختصر العرفان بالله (المقدمة 1: 199) وهي المعرفة الإلهية. (المقدمة 1: 199، 3: 61، المقري 1: 569).
عرفان الجميل: امتنان، شكران، إقرار بالفضل. (بوشر).
عِرْفان: أصدقاء، وأشخاص بينهم صلة وعلاقة. (المقري 1: 357 البيت 26) وانظر: إضافات.
عَرُوف: جيد المعرفة، حسب ما يقول شارح ديوان مسلم الذي فسر عروف السُرَى بعارف بالسرى. وليس في المعاجم العربية غير عروفة.
وعروف بمعنى صبور معنى يلائم المعنى (معجم مسلم).
عَرِيف: تعني غالباً كلمة ضابط، وقائد الحملة العسكرية، والرئيس، والمفتتش، ومن وظيفته مراقبة الأشخاص الآخرين. (تاريخ البربر 2: 373) عرفاء الحشم (تاريخ البربر 1: 584).
وعريف الخصيان: رئيس الخصيان (تاريخ البربر 2: 341).
وعريف في الجيش: رئيس تحت إمرته عدد يتراوح بين الكثرة والقلة، ففي المعجم اللتيني- العربي: عريف على عشرة، وعريف على المائة، وعريف على يّدٍ أي قبيلة. (معجم البلاذري، معجم الطرائف، فون كريمر تاريخ حضارة الشرق 1: 88، حيّان ص14 ق) وانظر مادة عِرافة.
عريف: في الكزفة الرئيس العسكري للمحلة. (معجم الطرائف).
عريف الشرطة: كان في اشبيلية نائب ضابط عمله أن يوسع الطريق للملك حين يخرج من قصره ويعني بأن يحافظ الجنود على صفوفهم.
(عبد الواحد ص109).
عريف الغوغاء: قاضي الرعاع. (تاريخ البربر 1: 567، 582). عريف: استاذ، معلم، أسطه، وهو رئيس حريف يستخدم عدداً من العمال ويتولى إدارتهم.
ففي حيّان- بسّام (3: 3ق): ولحق بهم كلُّ عريف ورئيس كل صناعة معروف.
عريف: رئيس مشذبي الكرم وتقليمه. ففي كتاب الخطيب (ص57 ق): ثم قُمنْا إلى زَبَّارين يصلحون شجرة عنب فقال لعريفهم الخ.
عريف البنائين (المقري 1: 373، 380) أو عريف البُنَّاء (ابن بطوطة 3: 153) هو رئيس عمال البناء ومن يقوم بإدارتهم، استاد، أسطه، معمار، ومن يفتش العمارات ويتفقدها. ويسمونه عادة العريف فقط.
(معجم البيان، معجم الأسبانية ص57، المعجم اللاتيني- العربي، ابن صاحب الصلاة ص23 ق، كرتاس ص46). وفي المقري 2: 510): العرفاء والصناع. وفي كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص9 و): ومشى من اشبيلية العريف أحمد بن باسه بجميع البَنَّائين.
عريف: شاعر منشد (كان يطوف البلاد منشداً شعره على آلة موسيقية في القرون الوسيطة).
موسيقار. (ألكالا)، وعند مارمول (تاريخ ثورة المغاربة ص7: من يرأس جماعة الموسيقيين). وكانت لفظة عريف يطلق في الأصل من غير شك على رئيس الفرقة الموسيقية.
عريف: رئيس أهل حرفة. (ملّر آخر أيام غرناطة ص150)، ويسمى أيضاً: عريف السوق أو شيخ السوق. (ألف ليلة 1: 345، 346) لأن لكل حرفة في المشرق سوقها الخاص بها. عريف: مروّض الجياد، المشرف على اإسبل السلطان والأمير (معجم البيان، أخبار ص129) عريف: مقدم الأولاد في الصف يتولى الإشراف على مراجعة أبناء صفه لدروسهم (لين، محيط المحيط، ألف ليلة 1: 178، 212) عرفاء: انظر عن عرفاء في درجات الصوفية زيشر (7: 22).
عِرَافَة: كتيبة أو فيلق أو فرقة من الجند يتراوح عددهم قلّة أو كثرة. فهي عند البلدزوري: من عشرة إلى خمسة عشر جندياً. وفي المعجم اللاتيني- العربي: عرافة ثلاثين أي سرية فرسان مؤلفة من ثلاثين فارساً. وعرافة من مائة أي فوج مشاة. والعرافة الثانية بعد المائة أي ضعف المائة. وعرافة وعقدة ستة آلاف أي فرقة وفي القسم الأول من معجم فوك: عرافة: فرقة. وفي القسم الثاني منه: مختار، منتخب، منتقى. وهو خطأ كما يدل عليه ترتيب الكلمات.
وفي النويري (إفريقية ص36 ق) ونزل الناس فوجاً فوجاً وحبيب يعرّفه بهم قائداً قائدا وعرافة عرافة.
وعرافة السود في الأندلس في عهد عبد الرحمن الأول: الحرس الأسود (الأخبار ص109).
وقد أنشأ حفيده الحكم الأول إسطبلات الخيل يديرها مروضو الخيل ويسمى كل واحد منهم عريفاً وكل واحد منهم يشرف على عِرافة تحتوي مائة من الخيل. (الأخبار ص129).
عرافة في الكوفة: محلة نظمت عسكرياً وحربياً. (معجم الطرائف).
عَرِيفَة: (لزنجيات تونس تسع عرائف (جمع عريفة) يرأسهن، وهن يقمن بالنسبة للنساء بمثل مهمة الشيوخ بخصوص الرجال). (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 6: 352). عَرِيفة: زنجية قوية جداً أو خلاسية موكلة بجلد النساء وشنقهن، وهي بالنسبة للنساء كالجلاد بالنسبة للرجال. وتسمى التي تقوم بمعاقبة نساء حرم السلطان عريفة الحرم. انظر شارنت ص48 ورحلة الفداء (ص199)، هوست ص2240 فلوجل قسم 69 ص7، اوغسطين ص92، كوت ص138).
عَرَّافَة: ساحرة، متكهنة عند الوثنين (بوشر).
عرّافية: صنف من اللوبياء الدجو شديدة السواد (ابن العوام 2: 64) وأقرأ فيه: وهي سوداء حالكة.
عارف: ذكي، بصير، حاذق، بعيد النظر. (هلو).
عارف: عرَّاف، كاهن، زاجر الطير ضارب الرمل. (تاريخ البربر؟: 457).
عارف: أنظرها في مادة عَرْف.
عارف الجَميل: شاكــر الصنيع، شاكــر المعروف. ممنون. (بوشر).
عارف الشراب: هو في معجم ألكالا: Moxon ولما لم أجد هذه الكلمة في معاجمي سألت المرحوم السيد لافونت عنها في ذلك الحين فأجابني بما يلي: هو الخبير بالشراب. ففي الأماكن التي يصنع فيها النبيذ (الشراب) بكميات كبيرة مثل جرش يوجد رجال خبراء ذوي تجربة يتذوقون نبيذ الدنان والمنابذ ليعرفوا درجة التخمر التي وصل إليها وقوته الخ ويسمى هؤلاء الرجال: catador أو Mo- join de Vinos.
أَعْرَف ب: أكثر معرفة ب (الماوردي ص5).
أعْرَف: في مصطلح النحو: أكثر نعريفاً.
(المفصل ص81، 82).
تَعْريف: وصف، بيان، جردة، قائمة، لائحة. (هلو).
تعريف: تعريفة، بيان الأسعار. (بوشر، مارسيل، هلر) وانظر تعريفة فيما يلي: تعريف: تأشيرة، سمة، (ابن بطوطة 3، 406، 407).
تَعُريف: تنزيل حزم البضائع، تفريغ (ألكالا) وفيه: decargo = تخفيف.
تَعْريف: عذر، معذرة، اعتذار. (ألكالا).
تَعْريفَة: بيان الأسعار، بيان ضرائب الكمرك والمكوس (برجرن). وفي محيط المحيط: (التعريفة في اصطلاح أرباب السياسة تطلق أولا على ما يؤخذ من الرسم على الداخل والخارج من البضائع، ثانياً على الكتاب المتضمن بيان ما يؤخذ على كل صنف منها، ثالثاً على أسعار العملة المعيَّنة من الحكومة. يقال: عملة تعريفة لتتميز عن العملة الرائجة في البندر).
تَعْرِيفَة: تنزيل حزم البضائع، تفريغ (ألكالا).
تَعْرِيفَة: الخروج من المسجد الحرام للذهاب إلى عرفات. (برتون 2: 52).
تَعْرِيفيّ: نعتي، بياني (بوشر).
تعريفي: كاشف، مثبت (بوشر).
تعريفيّ: ما يسمّى به وما يلقب به، مستعمل للتسمية. (بوشر).
تعريفي: تمييزي، تحديدي، معرّف، معينّ، محدّد (بوشر).
في التعارُف: عادةً، غالباً، في الغالب، بالأكثر.
(الماوردي ص302).
معرفة: صديق، شخص يُعرف. (بوشر). وفي ألف ليلة (4: 484): أنا فراغ الملك. وانظر فليشر (ألف ليلة 12، المقدمة ص32).
معرفة: لقب يعرف به الشخص وأسم قد غلب على اسمه الأول ومثل ابن فلان، واسم الأسرة (ألكالا) وهذه الثلاثة ترادف كلمة كُنْيَة .. (انظر كنية في معجم الأسبانية ص96) ففي المقري (3: 444): ورأى في صغره فارة أنثى فقال هذه قرينة فلقب بذلك وصار هذا اللقب اغلب عليه من اسمه ومعرفته. وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص22 و): يُعْرَف بابن قعنب، أوليته ذكر الأستاذ ابن الزبير في صلته وغَيْرُه أن قوماً بغرناطة يُعْرَفون بهذه المعرفة فان كان منهم فله أوَّلِية لا بأس بها. واسم نبات أو الكلمة التي تعلق عليه لمعرفته أيضاً.
يقول ابن جلجل بعد أن فسر الكلمة اليونانية كسيفوتريدوس: ولا أعرف له باللطيني معرفة.
أي لا أعرف له باللاتينية اسماً.
المعرفة: اختصار المعرفة بالله (المقدمة 3: 74) أي المعرفة التامة بالله. (المقدمة 3: 61).
المعرفة: عند الصوفية بخراسان والهند هي الدرجة الثانية في درجات التصوف، وذلك حين يدرك المتصوف أن العبادات الدينية التي تصلح للعامة لا قيمة لها عند المعارف (زيشر 16: 242).
معرفة الابن: الإقرار شرعاً ببنوة ابن الحرام (بوشر).
مُعَرَّف: ذو عُرْف وهو شعر العنق، أو ذو هُلب وهو شعر الذيل. (ألكالا).
الُمُعِرّف: الدليل على أسماء الناس. وهو حاجب مكلف بالإعلان عن أسماء الحاضرين وذكر حالاتهم لرب البيت في الاجتماعات العامة، (ابن بطوطة 2: 346، 363، 381، 3، 433، الجريدة الآسيوية 1850، 2: 61).
معروف. طاعة معروفة: درجة معينة من الطاعة، طاعة ظاهرية وليست حقيقية. (المقدمة 2: 268، تاريخ البربر 2: 9، 10).
ضريبة معروفة: ضريبة معينة ثابتة لا تتغير (تاريخ البربر 1: 609) مثل: ضريبة معلومة (تاريخ البربر 1: 614).
مَعْرُوف: حديث ضعيف يؤيده حديث آخر ضعيف. (دي سلان المقدمة 2: 482) المعروف: هو العارف وهو الله تعالى. (المقري 1: 589).
معروف، وجمعها معارف: منحة، عطيّة، إكرامية، مكافأة. جائزة زائدة على الواجب.
(معجم البيان، فوك، المقري 1: 1: 229، 2: 85، المقدمة 1: 316). وفي حيّان (ص15 و): وتعهدَّهم بالصلات وأجرى عليهم العارف عند الغزوات.
معروف: عناية، رعاية، لطف، مراعاة، تفضّل، رقة المعاملة. يقال مثلاً: عمل معي كلَّ معروف. وعمل معه معروفاً أي تفضل عليه بجميل.
صاحب معروف: ذو رعاية وفضل، مبادر إلى الخدمة، ومفضال كريم، ومسرع للجميل (بوشر).
المعروف: آداب السلوك - وعنده معروف: رجل حسن السلوك (بوشر).
معروف: بومة صمعاء صغيرة، واسمها العلمي: Stryx passerina ( شيرب) وبومة (معجم البربر) وبومة، قوقة، بوم صياح (ترايترام ص392).
معارفة: تعارف، صلة (بوشر).
مُعْتَرف: عند النصارى من اعترف بالديانة المسيحية أمام الولاة المضطهدين واحتمل العذابات بثبات محاماة عن إيمانه، وهو إذا مات تحت تلك العذابات كان شهيداً. (محيط المحيط).
مُتَعَارَف: (انظر لين): ما تقرر عرفاً بالاستعمال.
اعتيادي، مألوف. وهو مرادف معتاد ودائم (معجم الادريسي، ابن جبير ص68، المقدمة 1: 232، 2: 11، 111، 3، 62).
على المتعارف: عادةً، غالباً. (أبو الوليد ص403، المقدمة 2: 379).
المتعارف: المصطلحات الفنية والإدارية.
(المقدمة 2: 55).

عرف

1 عَرَفَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـِ (O, K,) inf. n. مَعْرِفَةٌ (S, O, K) and عِرْفَانٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِرِفَّانٌ (K) and عِرْفَةٌ, (Msb, K,) or مَعْرِفَةٌ is a simple subst., (Msb,) He knew it; he had cognition of it; or he was, or became, acquainted with it; syn. عَلِمَهُ: (K:) or he knew it (عَلِمَهُ) by means of any of the five senses; (Msb;) [and also, by mental perception:] Er-Rághib says, المَعْرِفَةُ is the perceiving a thing by reflection, and by consideration of the effect thereof [upon the mind or sense], so that it has a more special meaning than العِلْمُ, and its contr. is الإِنْكَارُ; and one says, فُلَانٌ يَعْرِفُ اللّٰهَ وَرَسُولَهُ [Such a one knows God and his apostle], but one does not say يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهَ, making the verb [thus] to have a single objective complement, since man's مَعْرِفَة [or knowledge] of God is [the result of] the consideration of his effects, without the perception of his essence; and one says, اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ كَذَا, but not يَعْرِفُ كذا, since المَعْرِفَةُ is used in relation to عِلْم [or knowledge] which is defective, to which one attains by reflection: it is from عَرَفْتُهُ meaning I found, or experienced, its عَرْف i. e. odour; or as meaning I attained its عُرْف i. e. limit: (TA:) it is said in the B that المَعْرِفَةُ differs from العِلْمُ, in meaning, in several ways: the former concerns the thing itself [which is its object;] whereas the latter concerns the states, or conditions, or qualities, thereof: also the former generally denotes the perceiving a thing as a thing that has been absent from the mind, thus differing from the latter; therefore the contr. of the former is الإِنْكَارُ, and the contr. of the latter is الجَهْلُ; and the former is the knowing a thing itself as distinguished from other things; whereas the latter concerns a thing collectively with other things: (TA in art. علم:) and sometimes they put ↓ اعترف in the place of عَرَفَ; (S, O;) [i. e.] اعترف الشَّىْءَ signifies عَرَفَهُ: (Mgh, K:) and so, sometimes, does ↓ استعرفُه. (Har p. 486.) b2: And عَرَفَ is also used in the place of اعترف [in the first of the senses assigned to the latter below]. (S, O.) See the latter verb, in four places. b3: عَرَفَهُ also signifies He requited him. (O, K.) Ks read, (O, K,) and so five others, (Az, TA,) in the Kur [lxvi. 3], (O,) عَرَفَ بَعْضَهُ, meaning He requited her, namely, Hafsah, for part [thereof, i. e.] of what she had done: (Fr, O, K:) and he did so indeed by divorcing her: (Fr, TA:) or it means he acknowledged part thereof: (K:) but others read بَعْضَهُ ↓ عَرَّفَ, which, likewise, has the former of the two meanings expl. above: (Bd:) or this means he told Hafsah part thereof. (Fr, O, Bd, * TA. [See also 2.]) As first expl. above, this phrase is like the saying to him who does good or who does evil, أَنَا أَعْرِفُ لأَهْلِ الإِحْسَانِ وَأَعْرِفُ لِأَهْلِ الإِسَآءَةِ, (O,) or لِلْمُحْسِنِ وَالمُسِىْءِ, (K,) [I know how to requite the doer of good and the doer of evil,] i. e. the case of the doer of good and that of the doer of evil are not hidden from me nor is the suitable requital of him. (O, K.) لَأَعْرِفَنَّكَهَا عَنْدَ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ occurs in a trad., meaning I will assuredly requite thee for it in the presence of the Apostle of God so that he shall know thy evil-doing: and is used in threatening. (TA.) A2: عَرَفَ الفَرَسَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (O,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (O, K,) He clipped the عُرْف [i. e. mane] of the horse. (S, O, K.) A3: عَرَفْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, I was, or became, عَرِيف over the people, or party; i. e., manager, or orderer, of their affairs; as also عَرُفْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ: (Msb:) or عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَاعَةٌ, signifies he was, or became, an عَرِيف; (S, O, K;) as also عَرَفَ, aor. ـِ (K;) i. e., a نَقِيب: (S, O:) and when you mean that he acted as an عَرِيف, you say, عَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا سِنِينَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, [he acted over us as an عريف during some years,] like كَتَبَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. كِتَابَةٌ. (S, O, K. *) A4: عَرَفَ لِلْأَمْرِ, aor. ـِ He was patient in relation to the affair, or event; (K;) as also ↓ اعترف, (O, K,) as some say. (O.) And عُرِفَ عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ He was patient on the occasion of the affliction, or misfortune. (TA.) b2: And عَرَفَ He was, or became, submissive, or tractable; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA;) and so ↓ اعترف, (IAar, O, K,) said of a man, (IAar, O,) and of a beast that one rides. (O.) A5: عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَافَةٌ, He (a man) was, or became, pleasant, or sweet, in his odour. (TA.) And ↓ اعرف, said of food, It was sweet in its عَرْف, i. e. odour. (TA.) b2: عَرِفَ He (a man, TA) made much use of perfume. (IAar, O, K.) b3: And He relinquished, or abstained from, perfume. (IAar, O.) A6: عُرِفَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (K, TA,) accord. to one or more of the copies of the K عِرْفَانٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, O) had a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S, O, K.) 2 تَعْرِيفٌ signifies The making to know; syn. إِعْلَامٌ: (S, O, K, TA:) [or rather it has a more restricted signification than the latter word, as is indicated in the preceding paragraph:] and in this sense its verb may have two objective complements: one says, عرّفهُ الأَمْرَ He made him to know the affair, or case; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ إِيَّاهُ: [or he acquainted him with it; or told him of it:] and عرّفهُ بَيْتَهُ He made him to know, or acquainted him with, the place of his house, or tent; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ بِمَكَانِهِ: (TA:) [and] one says عَرَّفْتُهُ بِهِ, meaning I made him to know it by means of any of the five senses [or by mental perception; as also عَرَّفْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ]. (Msb.) See also 1, former half. And see 4. b2: Also The making known; contr. of تَنْكِيرٌ. (O, K.) عَرَّفَ بَعْضَهُ, in the Kur [lxvi. 3], has been expl. as meaning He made known part thereof. (TA. [For other explanations, see 1.]) And عَرَّفْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ means I made him known by the name of Zeyd; like the phrase سَمَّيْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ. (Sb, TA.) b3: [Hence, The explaining a term: and an explanation thereof: thus used, its pl. is تَعْرِيفَاتٌ: it has a less restricted meaning than حَدٌّ, which signifies the “ defining,” and “ a definition. ” b4: And The making a noun, or a nominal proposition, determinate. b5: Hence also,] The crying a stray-beast, or a beast or some other thing that has been lost; (S, TA;) the mentioning it [and describing it] and seeking to find him who had knowledge of it. (TA.) b6: And [hence likewise,] عرّفهُ بِذَنْبِهِ He branded him, or stigmatized him, with his misdeed. (TA.) A2: Also The rendering [a thing] fragrant; (S, O, * K, * TA;) from العَرْفُ: (S:) and the adorning [it], decorating [it], or embellishing [it]. (TA.) عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ, in the Kur [xlvii. 7], is said to mean He hath rendered it fragrant [i. e. Paradise (الجَنَّة)] for them: (S, O:) or it means He hath described it to them so that, when they enter it, they shall know it by that description, or so that they shall know their places of abode therein: (O:) or He hath described it to them, and made them desirous of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [and the like is said by Bd:] or He hath defined it for them so that there shall be for every one a distinct paradise. (Bd.) b2: One says also, عرّف رَأْسَهُ بِالدُّهْنِ He moistened the hair of his head abundantly with oil, or with the oil; syn. رَوَّاهُ. (TA.) b3: And عرّف طَعَامَهُ He made his food to have much seasoning, or condiment. (TA.) A3: Also The halting [of the pilgrims] at 'Arafát. (S, O, K.) You say, عرّفوا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. as above, They halted at 'Arafát; (Mgh, Msb;) or they were present at 'Arafát; (S, O.) And [hence], in a postclassical sense, They imitated the people of 'Arafát, in some other place, by going forth to the desert and there praying, and humbling themselves, or offering earnest supplication; (Mgh;) or by assembling in their mosques to pray and to beg forgiveness: (Har p. 672:) the first who did this was Ibn-'Abbás, at El-Basrah. (Mgh, and Har ubi suprá.) And عرّف بِالهَدْىِ He brought the animal for sacrifice to 'Arafát. (Mgh.) A4: عرّف الشَّرَّ بَيْنَهُمْ He excited evil, or mischief, between them, or among them: the verb in this phrase being formed by permutation from أَ َّ ثَ. (Yaakoob, TA.) 4 اعرف فُلَانًا He told such a one of his misdeed, then forgave him; and so ↓ عرّفهُ. (TA.) A2: اعرف (said of a horse, S, O) He had a long عُرْف [or mane]. (S, O, K.) A3: See also 1, near the end.5 تعرّف It was, or became, known. (Har p. 6.) b2: And تعرّف إِلَيْهِ He made himself known to him; (TA;) [and so ↓ استعرف; for] you say, أَتَيْتُ مُتَنَكِّرًا ثُمَّ اسْتَعْرَفْتُ i. e. [I came disguising myself, or assuming an unknown appearance, then] I made known who I was: (L:) and اِئْتِ فُلَانًا فَاسْتَعْرِفْ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَكَ [Come thou to such a one and make thyself known to him, that he may know thee]. (S, O, K. *) [See also 8.] b3: [Hence,] one says, تعرّف إِلَى اللّٰهِ بِالعِبَادَاتِ وَالأَدْعِيَةِ [He made himself known to God by religious services and prayers]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And تَعَرَّفْ إِلَى

اللّٰهِ فِى الرَّخَآءِ يَعْرِفْكَ فِى الشِّدَّةَ, occurring in a saying of the Prophet to Ibn-'Abbás, [may be rendered Make thyself known to God by obedience in ampleness of circumstances, then He will acknowledge thee in straitness: or] means render thou obedience to God [&c., then] He will requite thee [&c.]. (O.) A2: تعرّفهُ [He acquainted himself, or made himself acquainted, with it, or him; informed himself of it; learned it; and discovered it: often used in these senses: for an instance of the last, see تَفَرَّسَ: it is similar to تَعَلَّمَهُ, but more restricted in meaning. b2: And] He sought the knowledge of it: (Har p. 6:) [or he did so leisurely, or repeatedly, and effectually:] you say, تَعَرَّفْتُ مَا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ I sought leisurely, or repeatedly, after the knowledge of what such a one possessed until I knew it. (S, O, K. *) b3: And تعرّفهُ المَكَانَ, and فِى المَكَانِ, He looked at it, endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge thereof, in the place; syn. تَأَمَّلَهُ بِهِ. (TA.) A3: [تَعَرُّفٌ is also expl. in the KL by the Pers\. words بعرف كارى كردن, app. meaning The acting with عُرْف i. e. goodness, &c.: but Golius has hence rendered the verb “ convenienter opus fecit. ”]6 تعارفوا They knew, or were acquainted with, one another. (S, O, K.) b2: And i. q. تَفَاخَرُوا [i. e. They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, &c.; or simply they vied, one with another]: it occurs in a trad., or, as some relate it, with ز; and both are expl. as having this meaning. (TA.) 8 اعترف بِهِ He acknowledged it, or confessed it, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) namely, a misdeed, (S, O,) or a thing; (Mgh, Msb;) and so به ↓ عَرَفَ and لَهُ, namely, his misdeed [&c.]; (K;) [for] sometimes they put عَرَفَ in the place of اعترف; (O;) and so ↓ عَرَفَهُ: (Ksh and Bd and Jel in xvi. 85:) [الإِحْسَانِ ↓ عِرْفَانُ (occurring in the K voce شُكْرٌ &c.) means The acknowledgment, or confession, of beneficence; thankfulness, or gratitude:] and one says, لأَِحَدٍ يَصْرَعُنِى ↓ مَا أَعْرِفُ (S, O, TA) i. e. ما أَعْتَرِفُ, (S, O,) meaning I do not acknowledge [any one that will throw me down]: this was said by an Arab of the desert. (TA.) b2: اعترف إِلَىَّ He acquainted me with his name and condition. (K.) And اعترف لَهُ He described himself to him in such a manner as that he would certify himself of him thereby. (TA.) [See also 5.]

b3: اعترف also signifies He described a thing that had been picked up, and a stray-beast, in such a manner as that he would be known to be its owner. (TA.) b4: And you say, اِعْتَرَفْتُ القَوْمَ, (S, O,) or فُلَانًا, (K,) I asked the people, or party, (S, O,) or such a one, (K,) respecting a subject of information, in order that I might know it. (S, O, K.) b5: See also 1, former half.

A2: And see 1, last quarter, in two places.10 استعرف [He sought, or desired, knowledge; or asked if any had knowledge; of a person or thing: a meaning clearly shown in the M by an explanation of a verse cited in art. بلو, conj. 8, q. v.]. b2: استعرف إِلَيْهِ: see 5. Also He mentioned his relationship, lineage, or genealogy, to him. (TA.) b3: استعرفهُ: see 1, former half.12 اِعْرَوْرَفَ He (a horse, TA) had a mane (عُرْف). (S, O, TA.) b2: اعرورف الفَرَسَ He (a man, O) mounted upon the mane (عُرْف) of the horse. (O, K. [In the CK, والفَرَسُ عَلا عُرْفُهُ is erroneously put for وَالفَرَسَ عَلَا عَلَى عُرْفِهِ.]) b3: And اعرورف (said of a man, K) (assumed tropical:) He rose upon the أَعْرَاف [pl. of عُرْفٌ, and app. here meaning the wall between Paradise and Hell: (see the Kur vii. 44:) probably used in this sense in a trad.]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b4: Said of the sea, (tropical:) Its waves became high, (S, O, K, TA,) like the عُرْف [or mane]: and in like manner said of the torrent, (tropical:) It became heapy and high. (TA.) b5: Said of blood, (assumed tropical:) It had froth (O, K) like the عُرْف [or mane]. (O.) b6: Said of palm-trees (نَخْل), (tropical:) They became dense, and luxuriant, or abundant, or thickly intermixed, like the عُرْف [or mane] of the hyena. (O, K, TA.) b7: And, said of a man, (tropical:) He prepared himself for evil, or mischief, (S, O, K, TA,) and raised his head, or stretched forth his neck, for that purpose. (TA.) [See also 12 in art. عزف.]

عَرْفٌ An odour, whether fragrant or fetid, (S, O, K, TA,) in most instances the former, (K, TA,) as when it is used in relation to Paradise: (TA:) and ↓ عَرْفَةٌ signifies [the same, i. e.] رِيحٌ (K, TK) and رَائِحَةٌ. (TK.) One says, ما أَطْيَبَ عَرْفَهُ [How fragrant is its odour!]. (S, O.) and لَا يَعْجِزُ مَسْكُ السَّوْءِ عَنْ عَرْفِ السَّوْءِ [The bad hide will not lack the fetid odour]; (S, O, K;) a prov.; (S, O;) applied to the low, ignoble, mean, or sordid, who will not cease from his evil doing; he being likened to the hide that is not fit for being tanned; (O, K;) wherefore it is cast aside, and becomes fetid. (O.) And some read, in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عَرْفًا, [as meaning By the winds that are sent forth with fragrance,] instead of عُرْفًا. (TA.) A2: Also A certain plant: or the ثُمَام [or panic grass]: (K:) or a certain plant, not of the [kind called] حَمْض, nor of the [kind called] عِضَاه; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L, K;) of the [kind called] ثُمَام. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L.) عُرْفٌ [Acknowledgment, or confession;] a subst. from الاِعْتِرَافُ, (S, O, K, TA,) as meaning الإِقْرَارُ. (TA.) Hence, (S, O,) you say, (K,) لَهُ عَلَىَّ أَلْفٌ عُرْفًا, meaning اِعْتِرَافًا [i. e. A thousand is due to him on my part by acknowlegment, or confession]; (S, O, * K;) the last word being a corroborative. (S, O.) b2: Also i. q. ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَارِفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. is عَوَارِفُ; (O, K;) عُرْفٌ being contr. of نُكْرٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ being contr. of مُنْكَرٌ [as syn. with نُكْرٌ]; (S, Mgh, O, K;) i. e. Goodness, or a good quality or action; and gentleness, or lenity; and beneficence, [favour, kindness, or bounty,] or a benefit, a benefaction, or an act of beneficence [or favour or kindness]: (Msb:) عُرْفٌ is also expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty; (K, TA;) and so ↓ عُرُفٌ, which is a dial. var. thereof: (TA:) and a thing liberally, or freely, bestowed; or given: (K:) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ is expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty, when it is with moderation, or with a right and just aim: [and sometimes it means simply moderation:] and sincere, or honest, advice or counsel or action: and good fellowship with one's family and with others of mankind: it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and signifies any action, or deed, of which the goodness is known by reason and by the law; and مُنْكَرٌ signifies the contr. thereof. (Er-Rághib, TA.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 198], وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ, (O,) meaning [And enjoin thou goodness, &c., or] what is deemed good, or approved, of actions. (Bd.) And you say, أَوْلَاهُ عُرْفًا, (S, O,) or ↓ عَارِفَةً, (TA,) meaning ↓ مَعْرُوفًا [i. e. He did to him, or conferred upon him, a benefit, &c.]. (S, O, TA.) وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ

↓ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the Kur ii. 242] means [and for the divorced women there shall be a provision of necessaries] with moderation, or right and just aim, and beneficence. (TA.) And ↓ قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى [in the same, ii. 265,] means Refusal with pleasing [or gracious] speech, (Bd, Jel, TA,) and prayer [expressed to the beggar, that God may sustain him,] (TA,) and forgiveness granted to the beggar for his importunity (Bd, Jel) or obtained by such refusal from God or from the beggar, (Bd,) are better than an alms which annoyance follows (TA) by reproach for a benefit conferred and for begging. (Jel.) And مَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ

↓ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the same, iv. 6,] means [And such as is poor, let him take for himself (lit. eat)] according to what is approved by reason and by the law, (TA,) or according to his need (Bd) and the recompense of his labour. (Bd, Jel.) b3: [العُرْفُ, in lexicology, signifies The commonly-known, commonly-received, or common conventional, language; common parlance, or common usage: mostly meaning that of a whole people; in which case, the epithet العَامُّ is sometimes added: but often meaning that of a particular class; as, for instance, of the lawyers. Hence the terms حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفًا and مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.

See also مُتَعَارَفٌ: and see عَادَةٌ.]

A2: Also The عُرْف of the horse; (S, O;) [i. e. the mane;] the hair (Mgh, Msb, K) that grows on the ridge (Msb) of the neck of the horse (Mgh, Msb, K) or similar beast; (Msb;) as also ↓ عُرُفٌ: (K:) [see also مَعْرَفَةٌ:] or the part, of the neck, which is the place of growth of the hair: [see again مَعْرَفَةٌ:] and the part, of the neck [of a bird], which is the place of growth of the feathers: (TA:) [or the feathers themselves of the neck; used in this sense in the K and TA in art. برل, as is shown by the context therein:] and the [comb or] elongated piece of flesh on the upper part of the head of a cock; to which the بَظْر of a girl is likened: (Msb:) pl. أَعْرَافٌ [properly a pl. of pauc.] (O, TA) and عُرُوفٌ. (TA.) As used it in relation to a man, explaining the phrase جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مُبْرَثِلًّا لِلشَّرِّ as meaning نَافِشًا عُرْفَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) Such a one came as though ruffling the feathers of his neck to do evil, or mischief]. (TA.) And [hence] it is said in a trad., جَاؤُوا كَأَنَّهُمْ عُرُفٌ (assumed tropical:) [They came as though they were a mane], meaning, following one another. (TA.) And one says, جَآء القَوْمُ عُرْفًا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The people, or party, came] one after another: like the saying, طَارَ القَطَا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The sand-grouse flew] one after another. (K.) And hence, وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا, (S, O, K,) in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], a metaphorical phrase, from the عُرْف of the horse, meaning (tropical:) [By the angels, or the winds, that are sent forth] consecutively, like [the several portions of] the عُرْف [or mane] of the horse: (S, O:) or the meaning is, sent forth بِالْمَعْرُوفِ, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. with beneficence, or benefit: (TA:) [for further explanations, see the expositions of Z and Bd or others: and see also art. رسل:] some read عَرْفًا [expl. in the next preceding paragraph]. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] (tropical:) The waves of the sea. (K, TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Elevated sand; as also ↓ عُرُفٌ and ↓ عُرْفَةٌ: pl. (of the last, TA) عُرَفٌ and (of the first, TA) أَعْرَافٌ: (S, O, K:) and all signify likewise (assumed tropical:) an elevated place: (K:) and the first, (assumed tropical:) the elevated, or overtopping, back of a portion of sand, (K, TA,) and of a mountain, and of anything high: and (assumed tropical:) an elevated portion of the earth or ground: and [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (assumed tropical:) the حَرْث [meaning land ploughed, or prepared, for sowing] that is upon the [channels for irrigation that are called] فُلْجَان [pl. of فَلَجٌ] and قَوَائِد [pl. of قَائِدٌ]. (TA.) b4: [The pl.] الأَعْرَافُ, (S, O, K,) mentioned in the Kur [vii. 44 and 46], (S, O,) is applied to (assumed tropical:) A wall between Paradise and Hell: (S, O, K:) so it is said: (S, O:) or the upper parts of the wall: or by عَلَى الأَعْرَافِ may be there meant عَلَى مَعْرِفَةِ أَهْلِ الجَنَّةِ وَأَهْلِ النَّارِ [i. e., app., and possessing knowledge of the people of Paradise and of the people of Hell: for it seems that مُحْتَوُونَ, or the like, is to be understood before على]. (Zj, TA.) [And hence it is the name of The Seventh Chapter of the Kur-án.] By

أَصْحَابُ الأَعْرَافِ [The occupants of the اعراف], there mentioned, are said to be meant persons whose good and evil works have been equal, so that they shall not have merited Paradise by the former nor Hell by the latter: or prophets: or angels. (Zj, TA.) b5: See also عُرْفَةٌ. b6: [The pl.]

أَعْرَافٌ also signifies (tropical:) The higher, or highest, (K, TA,) and first, or foremost, (TA,) of winds; (K, TA;) and likewise of clouds, and of mists. (TA.) b7: And عُرْفٌ signifies also, (As, O, K,) in the speech of the people of El-Bahreyn, (As, O,) A species [or variety] of palm-trees; (As, O, K;) and so [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (O, K) is expl. by IDrd: (O:) or when they first yield fruit, or edible fruit, or ripe fruit; (K, TA;) or when they attain to doing so: (TA:) or a [sort of] palmtree in El-Bahreyn, also called بُرْشُوم; (K, TA;) but this is what is meant by As and IDrd. (TA.) b8: And The tree of the أُتْرُجّ [i. e. citrus medica, or citron]. (K.) A3: Also pl. of عَرُوفٌ: b2: and of أَعْرَفُ and عَرْفَآءُ. (K.) عِرْفٌ, with kesr, is from the saying, مَا عَرَفَ عِرْفِى إِلَّا بِأَخَرَةٍ, (S, O,) which means He did not know me save at the last, or lastly, or latterly. (S, O, K.) A2: And it signifies Patience. (IAar, O, K.) A poet says, (namely Aboo-Dahbal ElJumahee, TA,) قُلْ لِابْنِ قَيْسٍ أَخِى الرُّقَيَّاتِ مَا أَحْسَنَ العِرْفَ فِى المُصِيبَاتِ [Say thou to the son of Keys, the brother of Er-Rukeiyat, How good is patience in afflictions!]. (IAar, O, TA.) عُرُفٌ: see عُرْفٌ, in three places.

عَرْفَةٌ A question, or questioning, respecting a subject of information, in order to know it; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عِرْفَةٌ. (K, TA.) A2: See also عَرْفٌ.

A3: Also A purulent pustule that comes forth in the whiteness [or palm] of the hand. (ISk, S, O, K.) عُرْفَةٌ: see عُرْفٌ, latter half. b2: Also An open, elongated, tract of land, producing plants, or herbage. (O, K.) b3: Also, (O, K,) and ↓ عُرْفٌ, (TA,) A limit (O, K, TA) between two things: (K:) [like أُرْفَةٌ:] pl. of the former عُرَفٌ. (O, K, TA.) عِرْفَةٌ [an inf. n.] I. q. مَعْرِفَةٌ. (O, K. [See 1, first sentence. In the O, it seems to be regarded as a simple subst.]) b2: See also عَرْفَةٌ.

يَوْمُ عَرَفَهَ The ninth day of [the month] ذُو الحِجَّة [when the pilgrims halt at عَرَفَات]: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) the latter word being without tenween, (S, O,) imperfectly decl., because it is of the fem. gender and a proper name, (Msb,) and not admitting the art. ال. (S, O, Msb.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

عَرَفَاتٌ The place [or mountain] where the pilgrims halt (Mgh, O, Msb, K) on the day of عَرَفَة [above mentioned], (O, K,) [described by Burckhardt as a granite hill, about a mile, or a mile and a half, in circuit, with sloping sides, rising nearly two hundred feet above the level of the adjacent plain,] said to be nine miles, (Msb,) or twelve miles, (K,) from Mekkeh; (Msb, K;) said by J to be a place in, or at, Minè, but incorrectly, (K, TA,) unless thereby be meant near Minè; (TA;) also called by some ↓ عَرَفَةُ; (Mgh, Msb;) but the saying نَزَلْنَا عَرَفَةَ, (S, O, K,) or نَزَلْتُ بِعَرَفَةَ, (Msb,) [We, or I, alighted at عَرَفَة,] is like a post-classical phrase, (S, O, K,) and (S, O) it is said to be (Msb) not genuine Arabic: (S, O, Msb:) عَرَفَاتٌ is a [proper] name in the pl. form, and therefore is not itself pluralized: (S, O, K:) it is as though the term عَرَفَةٌ applied to every distinct portion thereof: (TA:) as Fr says, it has, correctly, no sing.; (S, O;) and it is determinate as denoting a particular place; (Sb, S, O, K, TA;) and therefore not admitting the article ال; (Sb, TA;) differing from الزَّيْدُونَ [because this is a proper name common to a number of persons]: you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَرَفَاتٌ حَسَنَةً [lit. These are 'Arafát, in a good state], putting the epithet in the accus. case because it is indeterminate [as a denotative of state, like مُصَدِّقًا in the saying وَهُوَ الحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ, in the Kur ii. 85]: (S, O:) it is decl. (مَصْرُوفَةٌ [more properly مُعْرَبَةٌ]) because the ت is equivalent to the ى and و in مُسْلِمِينَ and مُسْلِمُونَ, (S, O, K,) the tenween becoming equivalent to the ن, therefore, being used as a proper name, it is left in its original state, like as is مُسْلِمُونَ when used as a proper name: (Akh, S, O, K:) [i. e.,] it is decl. in the manner of مُسْلِمَاتٌ and مُؤْمِنَاتٌ, the tenween being like that which corresponds to the masc. pl. termination ن, not the tenween of perfect declinability, because it is a proper name and of the fem. gender, wherefore it does not admit the article ال. (Msb.) عَرَفَاتٌ was thus named because Adam and Eve knew each other (تَعَارَفَا) there (IF, O, K, TA) after their descent from Paradise: (TA:) or because Gabriel, when he taught Abraham the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, said to him “ Hast thou known? ” (أَعَرَفْتَ), (O, K,) and he replied “ I have known ” (عَرَفْتُ): (K:) or because it is a place sanctified and magnified, as though it were rendered fragrant (عُرِّفَ i. e. طُيِّبَ): (O, K:) or because the people know one another (يَتَعَارَفُونَ) there: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, because of men's making themselves known (نِتَعَرُّفِ العِبَادِ) there by religious services and prayers. (TA.) عُرْفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, العُرْفُ as meaning the commonly-known or commonly-received or conventional language, or common parlance, or common usage. Hence حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ and مَجَازٌ عُرْفِىٌّ, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.]

عَرَفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, عَرَفَات. (O, K.) عِرِفَّانٌ, (O, K,) accord. to Th, A man (O) who acknowledges, or confesses, a thing, and directs to it, or indicates it; (O, K;) thus expl. as an epithet, though Sb mentions his not knowing it as an epithet; (O;) occurring in a poem of Er-Rá'ee, and expl. by some as the name of a companion of his: (O, K: *) and عُرُفَّانٌ signifies the same; (K;) but this is said by Sb to be a word transferred from the category of proper names. (O.) A2: Also the latter, (O,) or both, (K,) A small creeping thing that is found in the sands of 'Álij and of Ed-Dahnà: (O, K:) or a large [sort of locust, or the like, such as is termed] جُنْدَب, resembling the جَرَادَة, (AHn, K, TA,) having a crest (لَهُ عُرْفٌ), (AHn, TA,) not found save upon [one or the other of two species of plants, i. e.] a رِمْثَة or an عُنْظُوَانَة: (AHn, K, TA:) but AHn mentions only the latter form of the word, عُرُفَّانٌ. (TA.) عَرُوفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرِيفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] One who knows his companions: pl. عُرَفَآءُ. (O, K.) The chief, or head, (Mgh, K, TA,) of a people, or party; (K, TA;) because he knows the states, or conditions, of those over whom he acts as such; (Mgh;) or because he is known as such [so that it is from the same word in the last of the senses assigned to it in this paragraph]; (K;) or because of his acquaintance with the ordering, or management, of them: (TA:) or the نَقِيب [or intendant, superintendent, overseer, or inspector, who takes cognizance of, and is responsible for, the actions of a people], who is below the رَئِيس: (S, O, K:) or the manager and superintendent of the affairs, who acquaints himself with the circumstances, or a tribe, or of a company of men; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) or the orderer, or manager, of the affairs of a people, or party; as also ↓ عَارِفٌ: (Msb:) pl. as above: (S, IAth, Msb:) it is said that he is over a few persons, and the مَنْكِب is over five عُرَقَآء, then the أَمِير is over these. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. that the عُرَفَآء are in Hell, as a caution against undertaking the office of chief, or head, on account of the trial that is therein; for when one does not perform the duty thereof, he sins, and deserves punishment. (TA.) b3: [It is now used as meaning A monitor in a school, who hears the lessons of the other scholars.]

A2: See also مَعْرُوفٌ, with which it is syn. عِرَافَةٌ The holding, and the exercising, of the office of عَرِيف. (S, Mgh, * O, Msb, * K. [An inf. n.: see 1, in the middle of the latter half.]) عَرُوفَةٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرَّافٌ A كَاهِن [or diviner]: (S, O, Msb, K:) or the former is one who informs of the past, and the latter is one who informs of the past and of the future: (Msb:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, [but the converse of his explanation seems to be that which is correct,] the former is one who informs of future events, and the latter is one who informs of past events. (TA.) Hence the saying of the Prophet, that whoso comes to an عرّاف and asks him respecting a thing, prayer of forty nights will not be accepted from him. (O.) b2: and (Msb) An astrologer, (IAth, Mgh, Msb,) who lays claim to the knowledge of hidden, or invisible, things, (IAth, Mgh,) which God has made to belong exclusively to Himself: (IAth:) and this is [said to be] meant in the trad. above mentioned. (Mgh.) b3: And A physician. (S, O, K.) b4: and One who smells [for يسم I read يَشُمُّ] the ground, and thus knows the places of water, and knows in what country, or district, he is. (ISh, in TA, art. حزى.) عَارِفٌ and ↓ عَرِيفٌ are syn., (S, O, K,) like عَالِمٌ and عَلِيمٌ, (S, O,) signifying Knowing; [&c., agreeably with the explanations of the verb in the first quarter of the first paragraph of this art.;] as also ↓ عَرُوفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) but in an intensive sense, which is denoted by the ة, (S, O, TA,) meaning [knowing, &c., much, or well; or] knowing, or acquainted with, affairs, and not failing to know [or recognise] one that has been seen once; (TA;) as in the phrase, بِالأُمُوِر ↓ رَجُلٌ عَرُوفَةٌ [A man much, or well, acquainted with affairs]. (S, O.) b2: For the first, see also عَرِيفٌ. b3: It also signifies particularly [Skilled in divine things;] possessing knowledge of God, and of his kingdom, and of the way of dealing well with Him. (TA.) b4: See also مَعْرُوفٌ.

A2: Also, the first, [Patient; or] very patient, or having much patience; syn. صَبُورٌ; (AO, S, O, K;) and so ↓ عَرُوفٌ; (S, O, K;) of which latter the pl. is عُرْفٌ. (K.) One says, أُصِيبَ فُلَانٌ فَوُجِدَ عَارِفًا [Such a one was smitten, or afflicted, and was found to be patient]. (S, O.) And حَبَسْتُ نَفْسًا عَارِفَةً, meaning صَابِرَةً [i. e. I restrained a patient soul, or mind]: (O, TA:) like the phrase صَبَرْتُ عَارِفَةً in a verse of 'Antarah [cited in the first paragraph of art. صبر]. (S, * O.) And ↓ نَفْسٌ عَرُوفٌ means [A soul, or mind,] enduring; very patient; that endures an event, or a case, when made to experience it. (TA.) عَوَارِفُ [is pl. of عَارِفَةٌ, and] means Patient she-camels. (IB, TA.) عَارِفَةٌ as a subst.; pl. عَوَارِفُ: see عُرْفٌ, first quarter, in two places.

عُوَيْرِفٌ [dim. of عَارِفٌ, i. e. signifying One possessing little knowledge &c.]. One says of him in whom is a sin, or crime, مَا هُوَ إِلَّا عُوَيْرِفٌ [He is none other than one possessing little knowledge]. (TA.) أَعْرَفَ is mentioned in “ the Book ” of Sb as used in the phrase هٰذَا أَعْرَفَ مِنْ هٰذَا [meaning This is more known than this]: irregularly formed from مَعْرُوفٌ, not from عَارِفٌ. (ISd, TA.) A2: Also A thing having what is termed عُرْف [i. e. a mane, or the like]: (S, O, K:) fem. عَرْفَآءُ: pl., masc. and fem., عُرْفٌ. (K.) It is applied to a horse, (Mgh, K, TA,) meaning Having a full mane, or much hair of the mane. (Mgh, TA.) And to a serpent (O, K) such as is termed شَيْطَان [which is described as having an عُرْف]. (O.) And the fem. is applied to a she-camel, (K, TA,) meaning High in the hump: or resembling the male: or long in her عُرْف [or mane]: (TA:) or having what resembles the عُرْف by reason of her fatness: or having, upon her neck, fur like the عُرْف. (Ham p. 611.) b2: The fem. is also used as meaning The ضَبُع [i. e. hyena, or female hyena], because of the abundance of its hair (S, O, K, TA) of the neck, (O, K, TA,) or because of the length of its عُرْف. (TA.) b3: and one says سَنَامٌ أَعْرَفُ A long, or tall, camel's hump, having an عُرْف. (TA.) And جَبَلٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) A mountain having what resembles the عُرْف. (TA.) And قُلَّةٌ عَرْفَآءُ (tropical:) A high mountain-top. (TA.) And حَزْنٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) High rugged ground. (TA.) مَعْرَفٌ (S, O, K [in one of my copies of the S written مُعَرَّفٌ]) and مَعْرِفٌ also (Ham p. 47) sing. of مَعَارِفُ, which means The face [and faces], and any part thereof that appears; as in the saying اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةُ المَعَارِفِ [A woman beautiful in the face, or in the parts thereof that appear]; (S, O, K;) because the person is known thereby: (TA:) or, as some say, no sing. of it is known: (Har p. 146:) and some say that it signifies the beauties, or beautiful parts, of the face. (TA.) Er-Rá'ee says, مُتَلَفِّمِينَ عَلَى مَعَارِفِنَا نَثْنِى لَهُنَّ حَوَاشِىَ العَصْبِ [Muffling our faces, or the parts thereof that appeared, we fold, or folding, to them the selvages of the عَصْب (a sort of garment).] (S, O: but the latter has مُتَلَثِّمِينَ.) And one says, حَيَّا اللّٰهُ المَعَارِفَ, meaning [May God preserve] the faces. (O, K.) And قَدْ هَاجَتْ مَعَارِفُ فُلَانٍ The features of such a one, whereby he was known to me, have withered, like as the plant withers: said of a man who has turned away, from the speaker, his love, or affection. (TA.) And هُوَ مِنَ المَعَارِفِ He is of those who are known; [or of those who are acquaintances;] (O, K;) as though meaning مِنْ ذَوِى المَعَارِفِ, i. e. of those having faces [whereby they are known]: (O:) or مَعَارِفُ الرَّجُلِ meansThose who are entitled to the man's love, or affection, and with whom he has acquaintance; [and simply the acquaintances of the man;] and is pl. of ↓ مَعْرِفَةٌ. (Har p. 146.) مَعَارِفُ الأَرْضِ meansThe faces, and known parts, of the land. (TA.) مَعْرَفَةٌ The place [or part] upon which grows the عُرْف [or mane]; (S, Mgh;) the place of the عُرْف of the horse, (O, K, TA,) from the forelock to the withers: or the flesh upon which grows the عُرْف. (TA.) But the phrase الأَخْذُ مِنْ مَعْرَفَةِ الدَّابَّةِ means The cutting [or taking] of somewhat from the عُرْف of the beast. (Mgh.) مَعْرِفَةٌ a subst. [signifying Knowledge, cognition, cognizance, or acquaintance; &c.: as such having for its pl. مَعَارِفُ, meaning sorts of knowledge:] from عَرَفَهُ signifying as expl. in the beginning of this art.: (Msb:) or an inf. n. therefrom. (S, O, K.) b2: See also مَعْرَفٌ, last sentence but one. b3: [In grammar, A determinate noun; opposed to نَكِرَةٌ.]

مُعَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v.

A2: ] Food rendered fragrant. (TA.) A3: And Food put part upon part [app. so that the uppermost portion resembles a mane or the like (عُرْف)]. (TA.) [Golius, as on the authority of J, and hence Freytag, assign to it a meaning belonging to مُعَرَّقٌ.]

A4: Also The place of halting [of the pilgrims] at عَرَفَات. (S, O, K.) b2: And in a trad. of I'Ab, the phrase بَعْدَ المُعَرَّفِ occurs as meaning After the halting at عَرَفَة [or rather عَرَفَات]. (TA.) مَعْرُوفٌ [Known: and particularly well, or commonly, known]. أَمْرٌ مَعْرُوفٌ and ↓ عَارِفٌ, (O, Msb, K, TA,) accord. to Lth, but the latter is disapproved by Az, having not been heard by him on any other authority than that of Lth, (O, TA,) [though there are other similar instances well known, (see أَمْرٌ, and دَافِقٌ,)] signify the same [i. e. A known affair or event &c.]; (O, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَرِيفٌ. (Msb, TA,) b2: [Hence, in grammar, The active voice; opposed to مَجْهُولٌ.]

b3: See also عُرْفٌ, former half, in seven places.

A2: أَرْضٌ مَعْرُوفَهٌ Land having a fragrant عَرْف [or odour]. (TA.) A3: رَجُلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ A man having a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S.) مُعْتَرِفٌ [part. n. of 8, q. v.]. 'Omar is related to have said, اُطْرُدُوا المُعْتَرِفِينَ, meaning [Drive ye away] those who inform against themselves [or confess or acknowledge the commission] of something for which castigation is due to them; as though he disliked their doing so, and desired that people should protect them. (TA.) مُتَعَارَفٌ [applied to language, or a phrase, or word, means Known by common conventional usage]. One says, هُوَ مُتَعَارَفٌ بَيْنَهُمْ It is known [by common conventional usage] among them. (MA. See also عُرْفٌ.])

رتع

1 رَتَعَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رُتُوعٌ (S, Msb, K) and رَتْعٌ (Msb, K) and رِتَاعٌ, (IAar, K,) He (a beast) pastured at pleasure; (Msb;) he (a beast, S, TA) ate (S, K) and drank (K) what he pleased, (S, K,) and came and went in the pasturage, by day, (TA,) amid abundance of herbage, and plenty: (K:) or (tropical:) he ate and drank plentifully and pleasantly, in land of seed-produce and fruitfulness, of green herbs or leguminous plants and of waters: (Lth, K, TA:) or (tropical:) he ate (IAar, K) and drank (K) with great greediness. (IAar, K.) In its primary acceptation, it is said of a beast. (TA.) b2: It is metaphorically said of a man, as meaning (tropical:) He ate much; accord. to El-Isbahánee in the Mufradát, and the A and the B. (TA.) b3: Yousay, رَتَعَ فُلَانٌ فِى مَالِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one acted as he pleased in eating and drinking the property of such a one. (TA.) b4: And خَرَجْنَا نَلْعَبُ وَنَرْتَعُ (tropical:) We went forth [playing, or sporting, and enjoying ourselves; or] enjoying ourselves; and playing, or sporting. (S, TA. *) It is said in the Kur [xii. 12], (TA,) accord. to different readings, (K, TA,) أَرْسِلْهُ مَعَنَا غَدًا يَرْتَعْ وَيَلْعَبْ (tropical:) [Send thou him with us to-morrow] that he may play, or sport, and enjoy himself: or the meaning is, that he may walk [abroad at his pleasure] and become cheerful in countenance, or dilated in heart: (TA:) and وَيَلْعَبُ ↓ نُرْتِعْ that we may put our beasts to eat and drink what they please, amid abundance of herbage, and plenty, [or to pasture at pleasure,] and he shall play: (K, TA:) and the reverse, (K,) يُرْتِعْ وَنَلْعَبُ, (TA,) i. e. that he may put our beasts to eat and drink &c., and we will play together: (K, TA:) and with ن in each case. (K.) b5: And it is said in a trad., مَنْ يَرْتَعْ حَوْلَ الحِمَى يُوشِكْ أَنْ يَخَالِطَهُ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) He who goes round about [the prohibited place of pasturage will soon enter into it]. (TA.) b6: And in another trad., إِذَا مَرَرْتُمْ بِرِيَاضِ الجَنَّةِ فَارْتَعُوا, meaning (tropical:) [When ye pass by a scene of] the commemoration of the praises of God, enter ye thereinto; the entering thereinto being thus likened to the eating and drinking what one pleases, amid abundance of herbage. (TA.) 4 ارتع He put his camels [to pasture at pleasure; (see 1;) or] to eat (S, K) and drink (K) what they pleased, (S, K,) amid abundance of herbage, and plenty: (K: [in which it is implied that the verb may have this signification or others agreeable with explanations in the first sentence of this art.:]) or he pastured his camels, or put them to pasture, by themselves. (TA.) See the ex. in the Kur-án cited above. b2: Hence, (tropical:) He ruled, or governed, his subjects well; [as though] leaving them to satiate themselves in the pasturage. (TA.) b3: It (a party of men) lighted upon abundance of herbage, and pastured. (TA.) b4: It (rain) produced, or gave growth to, herbage in which the camels might pasture at pleasure, or eat and drink what they pleased, amid abundance thereof and plenty. (S, Msb, K.) b5: ارتعت الأَرْضُ The land became abundant in herbage. (TA.) رَتَعٌ [app. an inf. n., of which the verb (رَتِعَ) is not mentioned, and perhaps not used,] The leading a plentiful and pleasant and easy life. (TA.) [See also رَتْعَةٌ.]

رَتِعٌ sing. of رَتِعُونَ, q. v. voce مُرْتِعٌ: b2: and applied to herbage: see مُرْتِعٌ.

رَتْعَةٌ Abundance of herbage; or of the goods, conveniences, and comforts, of life; fruitfulness; plenty: and a state of ampleness in respect thereof: (K:) a subst. from 1. (TA.) Hence the prov., القَيْدُ وَالرَّتْعَةُ, and ↓ الرَّتَعَةُ; (K;) the former on the authority of Fr, and the latter from some other, accord. to the O; but in the L, the latter is ascribed to Fr; (TA;) [Bonds and plenty; the latter word] meaning الخَصْبُ: said by 'Amr Ibn-Es-Saak: he had been taken prisoner by Shákir Ibn-Rabee'ah, a tribe of Hemdán, who treated him well; and when he left his people, he was slender; then he fled from Shákir; and when he came to his people, they said, “O 'Amr, thou wentest forth from us slender, and now thon art corpulent; ” and he replied in the words above. (K.) رَتَعَةٌ: see what next precedes.

رَتَّاعٌ One who seeks, with his camels, after the places of pasturage abounding with herbage, one after another. (TA.) رَاتِعٌ A camel, (S, K,) or beast, pasturing at his pleasure; (Msb;) or eating (S, K,) and drinking (K) what he pleases, (S, K,) and coming and going in the pasturage, by day, (TA,) amid abundance of herbage, and plenty; (K;) [part. n. of 1, q. v.:] pl. رِتَاعٌ (S, Msb, K) and رُتَّعٌ and رُتُعٌ and رُتُوعٌ. (K.) b2: You say also قَوْمٌ رَاتِعُونَ. (S.) See مَرْتِعٌ.

رَأَيْتُ أَرْتَاعًا مِنَ النَّاسِ I saw a multitude of men. (Sgh, K.) مَرْتَعٌ A place of pasturing: (KL:) [or of unrestrained and plentiful pasturing;] a place where beasts pasture at pleasure; (Msb;) where they eat (S, K) and drink (K) what they please, (S, K,) going and coming therein, by day, (TA,) amid abundance of herbage, and plenty: (K:) [see 1:] pl. مَرَاتِعُ. (Msb.) b2: [And Pasture itself:] one says, أَكَلُوا مَرْتَعَ الأَرْضِ [They consumed, or ate, the pasture of the land]. (M in art. ردم.) مُرْتِعٌ One who leaves his travelling-camels to pasture at their pleasure, or to eat and drink what they please, coming and going in the pasturage, by day, amid abundance of herbage, and plenty. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) A man having abundance of herbage, or of the goods or conveniences and comforts of life, not lacking anything that he may desire. (K, TA.) You say also قَوْمٌ مُرْتِعُونَ

↓ رَاتِعُونَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) A people, or company of men, who are scarcely ever without abundance of herbage, or of the goods or conveniences and comforts of life; syn. مَخَاصِيبُ; and ↓ قَوْمٌ رَتِعُونَ, after the manner of a rel. n., like طَعِمٌ: and in like manner ↓ رَتِعٌ is applied to herbage [as meaning scarcely ever other than abundant, or generally abundant]. (TA.) b3: Rain that produces, or gives growth to , herbage in which the camels may pasture at pleasure, or eat and drink what they please, amid abundance thereof and plenty. (S, Msb.) b4: أَرْضٌ مُرْتِعَةٌ Land in which the beasts eagerly desire to satiate themselves. (Sh.)

جدل: جَدَل: فتل الشيء فتلا محكما، ضفر (بوشر، همبرت 22، ألف ليلة 2: 256) وسرد، زرد، حاك بيده، (بوشر).
جادل. جادل العدو: قاتله (عباد 1: 324: جادلهم بالسيف)، وفي النويري (مصر 2 ص116 و) فما زالوا يجادلونهم ويقاتلونهم.
جَدْل: سَرْد، زرَد، مَحاك (بوشر) جَدَل. يقال: جدلا أي لمجرد النقاش والممارة (المقدمة 2: 332)، دي سلان.
جِدَال: نقاش، مخاصمة (ألكالا) جَدْوَل: عمود في كتاب (لين، فوك، همبرت 110، بوشر، أماري 695، المقدمة 3: 107، وانظر 1: 214 منها. والمستعيني يسمى المقالة عن كل نبات، وهي مقسمة إلى خمسة أعمدة جدولا (فهرست المخطوطات الشرقية في ليدن 3: 248 وما يليها).
وفي كتاب الإحاطة للخطيب (33ق): وله بصر بصناعة التعديل وجداول الأبراج وتدرب في أحكام النجوم، وجداول الأبراج أي جداول علامات بروج السماء. وفي تقويم قرطبة يطلق اسم جدول على الصحيفة التي تحتوي على علامات كل يوم من أيام الشهر وإن لم تكن مقسمة إلى أعمدة، والعلامات العامة التي ذكرت في آخر كل شهر منها تبدأ بهذا القول: (وفي هذا الشهر مما لم ينظم على الجداول ولم يدخل في ثقاف الأيام) وقد جاء هذا المعنى في الترجمة اللاتينية القديمة.
ولما كانت الطلسمات تكتب على شكل أعمدة فقد أصبحت كلمة جدول تدل على الطلسم والتعويذة. (دوماس قبيل 290)، ومن هنا جاء (علم الجدول، أي علم الطلسمات، وهي تكتب بالعربية والسريانية وغيرها (بربروجر 35). وقد وردت كلمة الجداول وحدها في ألف ليلة (1: 324) بهذا المعنى، أو لعلها بمعنى علم التنجيم، وعلم الفلك، أو لعلها تعني أيضاً فن تأليف التقاويم.
ويطلق اسم الجدول أيضاً على نوع آخر من الطلسمات، تنقش فيها حروف، وهي مثل يد صغيرة من الذهب أو الفضة تمثل اليد اليمنى لمحمد. وتجد فيها حروفا وكتابات، والناس يعلقونها في أعناقهم تعويذة (دي برنج فان رودنبرج 170، 276)، وإن عثنون الأسد وبراثنه تستعمل جدولا أيضاً أو تعويذة (المصدر السابق 171).
وجدول: كتابة عادية سريعة (جرابرج 171) وخيط التسطير (بوشر، همبرت 83).
ومقياس الاستواء، آلة يعرف بها إذا كان السطح مستويا (بوشر) - وكرسي المساح وهو مثلث قائم الزاوية (بوشر).
جدول ذهب: خانة، بيت، تذهيب، كتاب بسلك صغير من الحديد (بوشر).
جدول لقياس الزوايا: عضادة وهي مسطرة متحركة تقاس بها الزوايا (بوشر).
ولا أدري أي معنى يراد بهذه الكلمة التي وردت في ألف ليلة (4: 260) حيث يشبه فخذ الفتاة الجميلة بالجداول الشامية.
جَدْوَلَ: فعل مأخوذ من الاسم جدول، يقال: جَدْ جَدْوَلا أي حفر نهرا صغيرا أو قناة (دي ساسي مختار 2: 12) - وقسم صفحة الكتاب أعمدة (فوك) - وخط خطوطا حول صفحة الكتاب لفصلها عن هامشه (بوشر).
جَدِيل، ويجمع على أجْدِلة (الكامل 238) - وخيام من ثياب الكتاب وجُدُل القطن (تاريخ البربر 1: 435) وقد ترجمها دي سلان بكلمة (حبال). ولكن الكلمة يمكن أن توحي بأن لها هنا معنى آخر وأنها تدل على المادة التي تصنع منها هذه الخيام. ويقول التبريزي إن الجديل هو الوشاح المجدول من أدم وإن الإماء هن اللاتي يتوشحن به، لا العربيات الحرائر، ومع ذلك فقط يطلق الجديل أحيانا على وشاح الحرائر (الملابس 117).
جدِيلة، وتجمع على جدائل: ضفيره، ونسيج من خيوط وغيرها. وفي ألف ليلة (1: 904، 907) جدائل الشعر: ضفائر من الحرير يربط بها الشعر. وفي طبعة برسلاو (3: 384): خيوط الشعر.
والضفيرة من الشعر مثبتة بثلاثة خيوط من الحرير (بوشر، محيط المحيط) ويقول برتون (3: 16) في كلامه عن نساء المدينة: وشعرهن مفروق من وسطه وقد قسم إلى نحو من عشرين ضفيرة صغيرة تسمى جديلة جِدَ إليّ: نسبة إلى الجِدال، وهو الذي يكثر من المناظرة في الأمور الأدبية والخلقية (بوشر) جَدَّال: فاتل الحبال (بوشر). والجَدّال: تصحيف الدَجّال وهو المسيح الكذاب.
وبابا جدال: بابا كذاب، بابا مزيف.
مَجْدل: وشاحَ (برتون 2: 115)، وفي بيان اليهودي ذكر لمجادل حرير أحمر.
مِجْدال: (انظر لين)، وفي رحلة إلى عوادة (ص712): (مجدال أو ضرب من الحجر المنحوت). - وما جدل من البصل (محيط المحيط).
مجَدُول: ضفيرة صغيرة من الشعر (برتون 2: 115) ففي كلامه عن نساء البدو يقول: والشعر مفتول في مجدول 2 - وحمالة السيف (بارت 5: 713).
مُجَدْوَل: مرتب بجداول، منظم (بوشر)

جدل

1 جَدَلَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, K) and جَدِلَ, (K,) inf. n. جَدْلٌ, (S,) He twisted it firmly; (S, K;) namely, a rope. (S.) b2: He made it firm, strong, or compact. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] جَارِيَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ الجَدْلِ (assumed tropical:) [A girl of beautiful compacture; of beautiful, compact make]. (S.) b4: [Hence also,] عَمِلَ عَلَى

شَاكِــلَتِهِ الَّتِى جُدِلَ عَلَيْهَا (assumed tropical:) [He did according to his own particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct, to which he was strongly disposed by nature]. (TA.) A2: See also 2.

A3: جَدَلَ, inf. n. جُدُولٌ, It (a thing) was, or became, hard, and strong. (K, * TA.) b2: جَدَلَ الحَبُّ فِى

السُّنْبُلِ The grain became strong in the ears: (S. O, TA:) or accord. to the K, it means وَقَعَ [i. e., came into the ears]. (TA.) b3: جَدَلَ said of a young gazelle, &c., He became strong, and followed his mother. (K.) [See also جَادِلٌ.]

A4: جَدِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. جَدَلٌ, [said in the S to be a subst. from 3, q. v.,] He contended in an altercation, disputed, or litigated, vehemently, or violently. (Msb.) 2 جدّلهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَجْدِيلٌ, (Msb,) He threw him down (S, Msb, K) upon the جَدَالَة, (Msb, K,) i. e., (TA,) upon the ground; (S, TA;) as also ↓ جَدَلَهُ, (K,) inf. n. جَدْلٌ: (TA:) or the former signifies he did so much, or often. (TA.) You say, طَعَنَهُ فَجَدَّلَهُ [He thrust him, or pierced him, with a spear or the like, and threw him down &c.]. (S, Msb.) [See also 3.]3 جادلهُ, inf. n. مُجَادَلَةٌ and جِدَالٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) He contended in an altercation, or disputed, or litigated, with him: (S, TA:) or did so vehemently, or violently, (Mgh, K,) and ably, or powerfully: (K:) [or he did so obstinately, or merely for the purpose of convincing him; for]

مجادلة signifies the disputing respecting a question of science for the purpose of convincing the opponent, whether what he says be wrong in itself or not: (Kull p. 342:) [he wrangled with him:] or جادل, inf. n. مجادلة and جدال, as above, signifies originally he contended in an altercation, or disputed, or litigated, by advancing what might divert the mind from the appearance of the truth and of what was right: and accord. to a later usage, of the lawyers, he compared evidences [in a discussion with another person, or other persons,] in order that it might appear which of those evidences was preponderant: and the doing this is commendable if for the purpose of ascertaining the truth; but otherwise it is blameable: (Msb:) accord. to Er-Rághib, جدال signifies the competing in disputation or contention, and in striving to overcome [thereby]; from جَدَلْتُ الحَبْلَ, meaning, “I twisted the rope firmly; ” as though each of the two parties twisted the other from his opinion: or, as some say, it originally means the act of wrestling, and throwing down another upon the جَدَالَة [or ground]: accord. to Ibn-El-Kemál, a disputing that has for its object the manifesting and establishing of tenets or opinions. (TA.) [See also جَدِلَ.]4 اجدلت She (a gazelle) had her young one [sufficiently grown to be] walking with her. (Zj, K.) 5 تَجَدَّلَ see 7.6 تجادلوا The contended in an altercation, disputed, or litigated, [or did so vehemently, or violently, &c., (see 3,)] one with another. (KL, MA, &c.,) 7 انجدل He fell down upon the ground: (S:) he became thrown down upon the جَدَالَة, i. e., the ground; and in like manner ↓ تجدّل, he became thrown down, &c., much, or often. (TA.) 8 اِجْتِدَالٌ The act of building, or constructing. (TA.) El-Kumeyt says, مَجَادِلَ شَدَّ الرَّاصِفُونَ اجْتِدَالَهَا (S, TA) i. e. [Pavilions of which the masons have made strong] the building, or construction. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 جَدْوَلَ He ruled a book with lines; such as are ruled round a page, &c. See جَدْوَلٌ.]

جَدْلٌ Hard, and strong; as also ↓ جَدِلٌ. (K, * TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ جِدْلٌ, A strong, firm, or compact, penis. (K, * TA.) b3: Also, (K,) or the former, (S, TA,) Any member, or limb: (S, K:) pl. جُدُولٌ. (S, TA.) b4: Also, (K,) or the former, (TA,) Any complete bone, [app. with its flesh,] not broken, nor mixed with aught beside: pl. [of pauc.] أَجْدَالٌ and [of mult.] جُدُولٌ. (K, TA.) b5: Also, (K,) or [the pl.] جُدُولٌ , (Lth, TA,) The bones of the arms and legs (Lth, K, TA) of a man: (Lth, TA:) and of the fore and hind legs of the victim termed عَقِيقَة. (TA from a trad.) جِدْلٌ: see جَدْلٌ.

جَدَلٌ Vehemence, or violence, in altercation or disputation or litigation; (S, K;) and ability, or power, to practise it: (K:) [or simply contention in an altercation; disputation; or litigation:] a subst. from جَادَلَهُ: (S:) or inf. n. of جَدِلَ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: Hence, as a term of logic, A syllogism composed of things well known, or conceded; the object of which is to convince the opponent, and to make him to understand who fails to apprehend the premises of the demonstration. (TA.) جَدِلٌ: see جَدْلٌ.

A2: Also One who contends in an altercation, disputes, or litigates, vehemently, or violently, (Msb, K,) and ably, or powerfully; and so ↓ مِجْدَلٌ and ↓ مِجْدَالٌ. (K.) جَدْلَآءُ fem. of أَجْدَلُ.

A2: Also syn., in two senses, with جَدِيلَةٌ, which see, in two places.

جَدْوَلٌ A rivulet; a streamlet; (S, Msb, K;) [whether natural, or formed artificially for irrigation; being often applied to a streamlet for irrigation, in the form of a trench, or gutter;] it is less than a سَاقِيَة; and this is less than a نَهْر: (Mgh in art. سَقى:) as also جِدْوَلٌ: (K:) pl. جَدَاوِلُ. (Msb.) b2: Hence, اِسْتَقَامَ جَدْوَلُهُمْ (tropical:) Their affair, or case, was, or became, in a right, a regular, or an orderly, state; like the جدول when its flow is uniform and uninterrupted. (TA.) And اِسْتَقَامَ جَدْوَلُ الحَاجِّ (assumed tropical:) The caravan of the pilgrims formed an uninterrupted line. (TA.) b3: [Hence also جَدْوَلٌ as meaning (assumed tropical:) A kind of small vein. (Golius from Ibn-Seenà.)]

b4: Hence also جَدْوَلُ كِتَابٍ (assumed tropical:) [A ruled line, (such as is ruled round a page, &c.,) and a column, and a table, of a book]. (TA.) جَدِيلٌ applied to a rope, Firmly twisted; as also ↓ مَجْدُولٌ. (TA.) b2: A camel's nose-rein (S, K) of hide, or leather, (S,) firmly twisted: (S, K:) and a cord of hide, or leather, or of [goats'] hair, [that is put] upon the neck of the camel: (K:) and the [kind of women's ornament termed] وِشَاح (S, K) is sometimes thus called: (S:) pl. جُدُلٌ. (K.) جَدَالَةٌ The ground: (S, Msb, K:) or hard ground: (TA:) or ground having fine sand. (K.) جَدِيلَةٌ A رَهْط, [q. v.,] i. e., (TA,) a thing like an إِتْب, of hide, or leather, which boys, and menstruous women, wear round the waist in the manner of an إِزَار. (K, TA.) A2: A [tribe, such as is termed] قَبِيلَة: and a region, quarter, or tract; syn. نَاحِيَةٌ: (S, K:) and so ↓ جَدْلَآءُ, in both these senses, as used in the phrase, هٰذَا عَلَى

جَدْلَائِهِ [This is according to the way of his region, and of his tribe]. (TA.) You say also, ↓ ذَهَبَ عَلَى جَدْلَائِهِ, in the K, erroneously, جَدْلَانِهِ, (TA,) i. e., على وَجْهِهِ [He went his own way], (K, TA,) and نَاحِيَتِهِ [towards his region, or quarter, or tract]. (K.) b2: A state, or condition. (K.) b3: (tropical:) A particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct; syn. شَاكِــلَةٌ, (S, K,) and طَرِيقَةٌ. (K.) You say, عَمِلَ عَلَى جَدِيلَتِهِ, i. e. [He did according to his own particular way, &c.; or] عَمِلَ عَلَى شَاكِــلَتِهِ الَّتِى جُدِلَ عَلَيْهَا [explained above: see 1]. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) A determination of the mind. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) The management, or ordering, of a people's affairs; the exercise of the office of عَرِيف. (AA, TA.) جَادِلٌ A boy becoming, or become, strong; vigorous, or robust. (S.) b2: A she-camel's young one above such as is termed رَاشِح, which is such as has become strong, and walks with his mother-(As, S.) [See also جَدَلَ.]

جَنْدَلٌ: and جُنْدَلٌ: &c.: see art. جندل.

أَجْدَلُ; fem. جَدْلَآءُ: see مَجْدُولٌ, in three places

A2: Also, [accord. to most of the grammarians أَجْدَلٌ, but accord. to some أَجْدَلُ,] The hawk; syn. صَقْرٌ; (S, K;) as also ↓ أَجْدَلِىٌّ: (K:) or an epithet applied to the hawk [and therefore without tenween]: (TA:) pl. أَجَادِلُ. (K.) أَجْدَلِىٌّ: see what next precedes.

مِجْدَلٌ A قَصْر [or palace, or pavilion, &c.,] (S, K, TA [in the CK القَصِيرُ is erroneously put for القَصْرُ]) strongly constructed: (TA:) pl. مَجَادِلُ. (S, K.) A2: See also جَدِلٌ.

مِجْدَالٌ A piece of rock or stone: [an oblong roofing-stone, of those which, placed side by side, form the roof of a subterranean passage, &c.:] pl. مَجَادِيلُ. (TA.) A2: See also جَدِلٌ.

مَجْدُولٌ: see جَدِيلٌ. [Hence,] دِرْعٌ مَجْدُولَةٌ (tropical:) A compact coat of mail; (S, TA;) as also ↓ جَدْلَآءُ: (S, K:) pl. [of the latter] جُدْلٌ. (K.) b2: (tropical:) A man (K, TA) of slender make, (TA,) slender in the (bones called] قَصَب, of firm, or compact, make (مُحْكَمُ الفَتْلِ [as though firmly twisted]): (K, TA:) or slender, slim, thin, spare, lean, or light of flesh; not from emaciation: (S:) and مَجْدُولُ الخَلْقِ, as some say, of firm, or compact, make. (TA.) And مَجْدُولَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A woman small in the belly, and compact in flesh: (A in art. فيض:) or مَجْدُولَةُ الخَلْقِ a girl of beautiful compacture; of beautiful, compact make; syn. حَسَنَةُ الجَدْلِ. (S.) Also سَاعِدٌ

↓ أَجْدَلُ (assumed tropical:) [A fore arm, or an upper arm,] of firm, or compact, make. (K, * TA.) And سَاقٌ مَجْدُولَةٌ and ↓ جَدْلَآءُ (tropical:) [A shank of beautiful compacture;] well rounded; well turned; syn. حَسَنَةُ الطَّىِّ. (K, TA.)