قطف: قطف: بمعنى جنى (الثمر) مصدره قطوف أيضا. (فوك، ألف ليلة 3: 641).
قطف: قطع، بتر. يقال مثلا: قطف الذنب، ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص180): مقطوف الذنب. كما يقال: قطف الرؤوس (أخبار ص103) وفي ابن القوطية (ص46 و): ممن قطف رأسه من الحشد.
قطف الشمعة: قص رأس الشمعة، أزال ما احترق من رأس الشمعة. (بوشر)، وفي ألف ليلة (3: 278): تقدم إلى الشمع الموقودة وقطف زهرته.
قطف (بالتشديد)، قطف الدقيق: لم يبالغ في نخله لئلا تخالط النخالة ما نخل منه (محيط المحيط).
مقطف، دقيق مقطف: منخول. (ميهرن ص36).
قطف اللحم: قطف الجزار اللحم أي نزع العظام منه. (محيط المحيط).
تقطف: تمايل، استدار يمنة ويسرة، مال من جهة إلى أخرى. (رسالة إلى السيد فليشر ص7، 8).
انقطف: قطف، جني. (فوك).
قطف، والجمع قطاف. ففي طرائف دي ساسي (1: 157): والخمر إنما حرم بعد حل قطافه. أي وإنما حرم الخمر ولو أن العنب حلال.
قطف: يسمى اليوم بقل الروم (انظر بقل الروم). (معجم المنصوري)، وهو نبات اسمه العلمي: atriplex hortensis وكذلك: atriplex halimus. كولومب ص27، غدامس ص288، ص329).
قطف سرمة: بقل الروم، سرمق. (بوشر). قطف بحري، (ابن البيطار 2: 308). Atriplex mariina عند دود نيس (1047).
قطف: بجلة 0شجيرة) قشرها أبيض فوق لحاء أخضر فاتح، ورقها قريب الشبه من ورق البقس (الشمشاد) غير إنه أكثر طراوة وأشد مرارة. (مجلة الشرق والجزائر 7: 286).
قطف: يجلة (شجيرة) تستعمل لوقود النار. (دوماس عادات ص305).
قطاف، واحدته قطافة= قطف: سرمق، بقل الروم. (فوك، الكالا).
قطوف: ثمر البطم. (بارت 1: 32). قطوف: حزمة حطب، ربطة عيدان. (بوشر).
قطيف: طنفسة طويلة الوبر تصنع في مدينة قسطنطينة، (مارتن ص77)، (شيرب). وعند موكيه (ص180): القطيفة أو الطنفسة بساط يتخذ خوانا للطعام وفراشا للنوم.
قطافة الشمعة: ما احترق من راس فتيلة الشمعة. (بوشر).
قطيفة: كساء ذو أهداب طويلة كان يستعمل قديما رداء وفراشا. ففي سيرة ابن هشام (ص1020): قطيفة قد كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يلبسها ويفترشها. ثم أتخذت بعد ذلك غطاء ودثارا انظر (الملابس ص232، هوست ص266، وفيه تزن عادة ثلاثمائة ليبرة (الليبرة= 500 غرام) وعند بارت (5: 711): دثار الرجل (ابقدم). ومن هذا قيل: ولا يرقد في قطيفة، وقد ترجمها دوماس (عادات ص266) إلى الفرنسية بما معناه: لا ينام على الفراش.
قطيفة: غطاء الإبل أيضا. (البلاذري ص267).
قطيفة: طنفسة، بساط تركي (الملابس، هوست ص267).
قطيفة: نسيج من الحرير أو القطن صفيق أوبر تتخذ منه ثياب وفرشن قديفة. (الملابس، بوشر، همبرت ص20).
قطيفة: هو النبات المسمى باليونانية غيافليون (ابن البيطار 2ك 308).
قطيفة: سالف العروس. (بوشر).
قطيفة: شبيه يالمخمل. ففي فانسليب (ص100): القطيفة أو الشبيه بالمخمل. نوعان: بسيط غير مزخرف، وما يسميه العرب بالقطيف القدسي نسبة إلى بيت المقدس.
قطائف. في معجم المنصوري: قطائف هو صنف من الطعام يسمى بالمغرب المشهدة وبأفريقية المطنفسة وقد يخلط بعجينها أهل المشرق سكرا ولوزا وغير ذلك يتفننون فيها.
وفي برجرن (ص268): (عجينة من لباب الدقيق وزهرته عجنت عجنا جيدا وخفقت خفقا جيدا أيضا ثم تصب بالملعقة في أقماع وضعت فوق طابق أو مقلاة مليئة بالدهن الذائب أو دهن السمسم، ثم تصف بمشوط من حديد على صينية معدنية ويصب العسل أو عصير العنب المغلي المكثف. وقد تعمل أحيانا فطيرة ذات طبقات عديدة تحشى بالبندق وتحلى بالعسل). (المسعودي 8: 238 - 240، 406، لين ترجمة ألف ليلة 1: 435 رقم 99، 610 رقم 23) ويقول لين أنهم قلما يستعملون المفرد قطيفة، وانهم يقولون للواحدة من هذه الحلوى فرد قطائف.
وتعتبر كلمة قطائف عند المسعودي (ص406) اسم جمع استعملت للدلالة علة الفرد.
ويقول شارح مقامات الحريري (ص180) أنهم أطلقوا عليها هذا الاسم لأنها تلف لو لما عليها من نحو خمل القطائف الملبوسة.
قطاف: قاطف العنب. (جوليوس) وكذلك عند (بوشر، وهلو).
مقطف (أساء فريتاج تفسيره) والجمع مقاطف). سلة القطاف، قفة لجني الثمار، وهذا هو المعنى الأصلي (بوشر)؟ ثم استعملت للدلالة على السلة وعلى غمد المسن الحجري. (بوشر) وزنبيل وسفط (اسبينا مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 145) وانظر: معجم فليشر (ص38).
وفي محيط المحيط: والمقطف قنة من الخوص مستديرة لها طبق كالعلبة.
وفي حكاية باسم الحداد 0ص 94): فعند ذلك دلا لهم مقطف بحبل فحطوا فيه الخمسة أطيار الدجاج وصحن المامونية.
مقطف، في ألف ليلة (1: 20) خطأ ففي محيط المحيط ومعجم بوشر: مقطف.
مقطف: لابد أنها تدل على معنى آخر في عبارة القلائد (ص154): (وله أدب غض المقاطف، رطب المعاطف).
مقطف، والجمع مقاطف: مقص. (فوك).
مقطف: منخل صفيق من الحرير يقطف به الدقيق. (محيط المحيط).
مقطفة: نوع من الشعيرية، والاطرية، وهي فتائل من عجين ارفع من المعكرونة تطبخ في الحساء. (دوماس حياة العرب ص252).

الجامع الصغير، من حديث البشير النذير
للشيخ، الحافظ، جلال الدين: عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر السيوطي.
المتوفى: سنة 911، إحدى عشرة وتسعمائة.
وهو مجلد.
لخصه من: كتابه (جمع الجوامع).
مرتباً على: الحروف.
ذكر فيه: أنه اقتصر على الأحاديث الوجيزة، وبالغ في تحرير التخريج، وصان عما تفرد به وضاع أو كذاب، ففاق بذلك الكتب المؤلفة في هذا النوع، واشتهر.
وهذه رموزه:
خ: للبخاري.
م: لمسلم.
ق: لهما.
د: لأبي داود.
ت: للترمذي.
ن: للنسائي.
هـ: لابن ماجة.
4: لهؤلاء الأربعة.
3: لهم إلا ابن ماجة.
حم: لأحمد في مسنده.
عم: لابنه في (زوائده).
ك: للحاكم، فإن كان في (مستدركه) أطلق، وإلا بينه.
خد: للبخاري في (الأدب).
تخ: له في (التاريخ).
حبه: لابن حبان في (صحيحه).
طب: للطبراني في (الكبير).
طس: له في (الأوسط).
طص: له في (الصغير).
ص: لسعيد بن منصور في (سننه).
ش: لابن أبي شيبة.
عب: لعبد الرزاق في (الجامع).
ع: لأبي يعلى في (مسنده).
قط: للدار قطني، فإن كان في (سننه) أطلق، وإلا بينه.
فر: للديلمي في (مسند الفردوس).
حل: لأبي نعيم في (الحلية).
هب: للبيهقي في (شعب الإيمان).
هق: له في (السنن).
عد: لابن عدي في (الكامل).
عق: للعقيلي في (الضعفاء).
خط: للخطيب، فإن كان له في (التاريخ) أطلق، وإلا بين.
وذكر في آخره: أنه فرغ من تأليفه في: 18 ربيع الأول، سنة 907 سبع وتسعمائة.
وربما أورد فيه: الأحاديث الضعيفة، والمدخولة.
ثم ذيله:
في مجلد آخر.
وسماه: (زيادة الجامع الصغير).
رموزه كرموزه، وترتيبه كترتيبه، وحجمه كحجمه.
وللأصل شروح، منها:
شرح: الشيخ، شمس الدين: محمد بن العلقمي، الشافعي، تلميذ المصنف.
المتوفى: سنة 929، تسع وعشرين وتسعمائة.
وهو: شرح بالقول.
في: مجلدين.
وسماه: (الكوكب المنير).
لكنه قد يترك أحاديث بلا شرح، لكونها غير محتاجة إليه.
قال: حيث أقول شيخنا: فمرادي المصنف.
وحيث أقول: في الحديث علامة الصحبة أو الحسن، فمن تصحيح المؤلف، برمز صورته: صح، أو خ، بخطه.
وحيث أقول: وكتباً، فالمراد بهما: السيد، الشريف: يوسف الأرسوفي، وابن مغلتاي.
وشرح: الشيخ، شهاب الدين، أبي العباس: أحمد بن محمد المتبولي، الشافعي.
المتوفى: سنة 1003.
وسماه: (بالاستدراك النضير، على الجامع الصغير).
أوله: (الحمد لله شارح صدور أهل السنة... الخ).
ذكر فيه: أن ابن العلقمي أطال فيما لا يحتاج إليه.
واختصر فيما يحتاج، بل ترك أحاديث فشرحها مفصلاً.
وقدم مقدمة في أصول الحديث:
في مجلد.
وشرح: الشيخ، شمس الدين: محمد زين الدين، المدعو: بعبد الرؤوف المناوي، الشافعي.
المتوفى تقريباً: سنة 1030، ثلاثين وألف (1031).
شرح أولاً: بالقول كابن العلقمي.
فاستحسنه المغاربة، فالتمسوا منه أن يمزجه، فاستأنف العمل.
وصنف: شرحاً، كبيراً، ممزوجاً.
في مجلدات.
وسماه: (فيض القدير).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي جعل الإنسان هو الجامع الصغير... الخ).
قال: ويليق أن يدعى بالبدر المنير.
وذكر أن مراده:
من القاضي، هو: البيضاوي.
ومن العراقي، هو: الزين.
ومن جدي، هو القاضي: يحيى المناوي.
ثم اختصره:
بعضهم.
وسماه: (التيسير).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي علمنا من تأويل الأحاديث... الخ).
وللشيخ، العلامة: علي بن حسام الدين الهندي، الشهير: بالمتقي.
المتوفى: سنة 977، سبع وسبعــين وتسعمائة تقريباً.
مرتب الأصل والذيل معاً: على أبواب، وفصول.
ثم رتب الكتاب: على الحروف، كجامع الأصول.
سماه: (منهاج العمال، في سنن الأقوال).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي ميز الإنسان بقريحة مستقيمة... الخ).
وله ترتيب: (الجامع الكبير)، يعني: (جمع الجوامع)، وسيأتي.
وشرح: مولانا، نور الدين: علي القاري، نزيل مكة المكرمة .

نصف: نصف: ذكر (الكالا) أنها تعني entero encentarlo التي ترجمها (نبريجا) ب: delibo, degusto libo,.
نصف: قطع نصف المرحلة (عبد الواحد 124): وهذه الغاية فروموها أو نصفوا.
أعطاه ضيعة مناصفة: (معجم البيان 15)؛ انظر فيما بعد اسم المفعول؛ أي أن صاحبها يقاسم المستأجر غلة الارض، وبعد ملاحظة كل ما ذكرته في معجم البيان لم يعد من الضروري أن أؤكد ما ورد عند (المقدسي 469: 2): من أن هذه الطريقة في الاقتسام هي ما يدعى باللاتينية pro, dimidio valoris أي اقتسام الثمن مسبقا: ورسم الجمالين أنهم يحملون التمر إلى خراسان مناصفة.
بالإنصاف أي بالمعدل (المقري 1: 299) انتهت جباية قرطبة أيام ابن أبي عامر إلى 3 آلاف ألف دينار بالإنصاف.
أنصف: أعطى النصف لفلان (دي ساسي كرست 2: 85): (يقضي الشرع على من تزوج إحدى الأخوات الموحدات -اللواتي هن اتباع مذهب التوحيد. المترجم- أن يساويها بنفسه وينصفها من جميع ما في يده.
أنصف من: اقتص من (دي ساسي كرست 2: 55): وموضوع الحجبة أن متوليها ينصف من الأمراء والجند (من اختصاصات دائرة الحجاب النظر في قضايا الذين يطلبون أن ينتصف لهم من الأمراء والجيش) أي أن دائرة الحجاب لا تفاتح ما لم يكن المدعى عليه أميرا أو عسكريا. وهذا هو تفسير معنى وجود حرف الجر من. وهكذا يجب أن تفسر الجملة الآتية، التي وردت في المصدر نفسه، وانصاف الضعيف منهم.
انصف: سدد. أدى (فوك: persolvere) ( الكالا pagarlo recebido) . ( واسم المصدر paga pago de denda) . لقد قدم لنا (فوك) هذا المصطلح المركب أي أنصفه وأنصف من ومعناه انصف شخصا من الناس أو من السعر لأننا نقرأ عند (المقري 1: 361): وأول ما عمله ابن أبي عامر تطبيب نفوس أرباب الدور الذين اشتريت منهم للهدم لهذه الزيادة بإنصافهم من الثمن. أن تعبير انصف العمال (المقري 1: 395 و2: 714) يعني انه كافأهم بسخاء، وقد أورد (الكالا) هذا الفعل في مادة ( acudir o recudir, redde و recudir con la renta, reddo) لذلك ينبغي أن ندرك أننا في معرض تقليب وجهات النظر في الأفعال: سدد، دفع، أعان شخصا بما يعود إليه بالخير في الأموال والعوائد ... الخ.
انصف له البيعة: هي في (فوك) ( concedere) ويبدو أن معناها: تخلى، أعطى، تنازل أو نقل شيئا إلى شخص آخر أو نقل ملكيته إليه، وأورد (فوك) جملة بيع له مرادفا لها.
تنصف ب: وردت عند (فوك) في مادة dimidiare.
تنصف بينهما: قسم نواعهم (ابن بطوطة 3: 371).
تناصفوا: النصر أي كان النصر بينهما سجالا لمدة طويلة (المقري 2: 762) (انظر 1: 20).
تناصف معه أو له البيعة: انظرها في (فوك) في مادة concedere ويبدو أن معناها أنصف له البيعة التي مر ذكرها (انظرها).
انتصف من .. لفلان: اقتص منه طلبا للعدل (معجم الطرائف).
انتصف من فلان في كلامه: تكلم في فلان بأوقر قدر واصح حجة دون أن يستعمل الألقاب ... الخ (الثعالبي لطائف 14: 1).
انتصف: لم يتضح لي معنى ما ورد في (ألف ليلة. برسل x: 9) : في الحديث عن حجر كريم خذي هذا وانتصفي به على أهل الدنيا. -هذه الجملة التي لم يفهمها المصنف تعني أن هذا الحجر الثمين سينصفك بين الناس فلا تكوني أقل شأنا منهم. المترجم-.
استنصف: لم أفهم ما قصده الرازي (في شكورى 204): أن المريض، الذي كان على بعض الاطلاع في شؤون الطب قد صرح بأنه قد استعمل الدواء الذي وصفه له الرازي ولم يشفه وبعد ذلك ولما طال بي وبه ترك استنصافي واقبلنا نلتقي دائما للنظر والبحث.
نصف ونصف. دون إنصاف الصواري: بارتفاع نصف الصارية (ابن جبير 320: 6 والمعجم ص 23).
نصف عملة مصرية صغيرة مسبوكة من خليط من الفضة والنحاس، كانت تساوي قديما نصف درهم من دراهم السلطان المؤيد (انظر ما سبق 1: 46) (وانظر ترجمة لين لألف ليلة رقم 1: 214 ورقم 3: 197).
نصف فضة: بارة (بوشر).
نصف النهار: في (محيط المحيط): (ونصف النهار عند أهل الهيئة دائرة عظيمة تمر بقطبي الأفق وبقطبي معدل النهار).
نص راس: عامية نصف راس: قبعة صغيرة يعتمرها البحارة (دومب 83).
نصف: انظرها في (فوك) في مادة persolvere: ايفاء، مبلغ مدفوع (الكالا). نصفة: حكومة عادلة (دي سلان) (البربرية 2: 1: 1).
نصفي: قارب من الحجم المتوسط (انظر ابن بطوطة 4: 92).
نصفية: والجمع نصافي: مسفط يتسع لنصف قنطار (مائة كيلو غرام) (فوك).
نصفية والجمع نصافي: قماش من حرير وكتان (رحلة السندباد طبعة لانجليز 95): مائة نصفية حرير وكتان (ياقوت 2: 263: 13) (انظر 5: 151) في الحديث عن مدينة (حزة) من أعمال الموصل: ينسب إليها النصافي الحزية وهي ثياب قطن ردية. هذه الكلمة ترد أحيانا بصيغة المفرد المذكر (دي ساسي كرست 2: 61 ملاحظات ومختصرات 13: 200).
نصفية: جائز صغير، رافدة صغيرة (خشبة غليظة يدعم بها البيت). جائز مقسوم قسمين أو أربعة أقسام (براكس جريدة الشرق والجزائر 5: 214).
نصافي: انظر ما تقدم.
تنصيف: في (محيط المحيط): (والتنصيف عند الحسابيين إخراج نصف العدد وهو العدد الحاصل من التنصيف يسمى منصفا كالأربعة من الثمانية وكذلك العدد الذي تريد تنصيفه كالثمانية. خلاف التضعيف).
منصف: والجمع مناصف: تصحيف منصب: غش، خداع، حيلة ويقال لعب منصفا (معجم الطرائف 90). من طبعة (المقري) هناك بعض المقاطع حلت منصف في إحداها كلمة أخرى هي كلمة ملعوب في طبعة (برسل).
منصف: مقسوم إلى قسمين (اصطلاح حسابي) (محيط المحيط).
منصفي: اسم أحد الأوزان (باشاليك 117).
مناصف: colone partiaire مزارع بالشراكة (يقسم المحصول الزراعي مع صاحب الأرض) (معجم البيان 15) (فوك).

نصف
النَّصْفُ، مثَلَّثَةً هكَذا نَقَلَه الصّاغانِيُّ، عَن ابنِ الأَعْرابِيَّ، قالَ شَيْخُنا: أفصَحُها الكَسْرُ، وأَقْيَسُها الضمُّ لأَنّه الجارِي على بَقِيَّةِ الأَجْزاءِ كالرُّبع والخُمْسِ والسُّدْسِ، ثمَّ الفَتْحُ. قلتُ: الَكْسُر والضمُّ نَقَلهَما ابنُ سِيدَه، وأَما الفَتْحُ فإنَّه عَن ابنِ الأَعرابِيِّ، وقَرَأَ زيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ فَلَها النَّصْفُ بالضمِّ: أَحَدُ شِقَّيِ الشَّيْءِ وَفِي الأساس أَحَدُ جُزْأَيِ الكَمالِ كالنَّصِيفِ كأَمِيرٍ، كالثَّليثِ والثَّمِينِ والعَشِيرِ، فِي الثُّلثِ والثُّمنِ والعُشر، قَالَه أَبو عُبَيْدٍ وَمِنْه الحَديِثُ: مَا أَدْرَكَ مُدَّ أَحَدِهِمْ وَلَا نَصِيفه وقالَ الرّاجِزُ: لَمْ يَغْذُهَا مُدٌّ وَلَا نَصِيفُ وَقد مَرَّ فِي ع ج ف. ج: أَنْصافٌ كِشْبرٍ وأَشْبارٍ، وصَبْرٍ وأَصْبارٍ، وقُفْلٍ وأَقْفالٍ. والنِّصفُ بالكسرِ، ويُثَلَّثَ هُوَ: النَّصَفَةُ الاسمُ من الإِنْصافِ، نَقَلَه الجَوْهَرِيُّ، واقْتَصَرَ على الكَسْرِ، وأَنشَدَ للفَرَزْدَقِ:
(ولِكنَّ نِصْفاً لَو سَبَبْتُ وسَبنَّىِ ... بَنُو عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ مِنْ مَنافٍ وهاشِمِ)
قالَ الصّاغانِيّ: هَكَذَا أَنشَدَه سِيبَوَيْه، وَالَّذِي فِي شِعْرِه ولِكَّن عَدْلاً وإناءٌ نَصْفانُ كسَحْبانَ، وقِرْبَةٌ نَصْفَي، ككَسْرَى: إِذا بَلَغَ الماءُ نِصْفَه ونِصْفَها، وكذلِكَ إِذا بَلَغَ الكَيْلُ نِصْفَه، وَلَا يُقالُ ذلِكَ فِي غيرِ النَّصْفِ من الأَجْزاءِ، أَعْنِي أَنّه لَا يُقال: ثَلْثانُ وَلَا رَبْعانُ، وَلَا غَيْرُ ذلِك من الصِّفات الَّتِي تَقْتَضِى هَذِه الأَجْزاءَ، وَهَذَا مَرْوِىُّ عَن ابنِ الأَعْرابِيِّ. ونَصَفَهُ أَي: الشَّيْءَ كنَصَرَه يَنْصُفُه نَصْفاً: بَلَغَ نِصْفهَ تَقُولُ: نَصَفْتُ القُرآنَ. ونَصَفَ النَّهارُ يَنْصِفُ ويَنْصُفُ: مثلُ انْتَصَفَ، كأَنْصَفَ وذلِكَ إِذا بَلَغَ نِصْفَه. وقِيلَ: كُلُّ مَا بَلَغَ نِصْفَه فِي ذاتِه فقَدْ أَنْصَفَ، وكُلُّ مَا بَلَغ نِصْفَه فِي غَيْرهِ فقَدْ نَصَفَ. وقالَ المُسَيَّبُ بنُ عَلَسٍ يَصِفُ غائِصاً على دُرَّةٍ:
(نَصَفَ النَّهارُ الماءُ غامِرُه ... ورَفِيقُهُ بالغَيْبِ لَا يَدْرِي)
أَرَادَ: انْتَصَفَ النَّهارُ والماءُ غامِرُهُ، فانْتَصَف النَّهارُ ولمْ يَخْرُجْ من الماءِ، فحَذَف واوَ الحالِ.
ونَصَفَ القومَ يَنْصُفُهم نَصْفاً بالفتحِ وَنِصَافَةً كسَحابَةٍ ويُكْسَرُ: إِذا أَخَذَ مِنْهُم النِّصْفَ كَمَا يُقالُ: عَشَرهُم يَعْشُرُهُم عَشْراً: إِذا أَخَذَمنهم العُشْرَ. ونَصَفَ الشَّيْءَ نَصْفاً بالفَتْحِ: أَخَذَ نِصْفَهُ. ونَصَفَ القَدَحَ نَصْفاً: شَرِبَ نِصْفَه. ونَصَفَ النَّخْلُ نُصُوفاً كقُعُودٍ: احْمَرَّ بَعْضُ بُسْرِهِ وبَعْضُه أَخْضَرُ عَن ابنِ عَبّادٍ كَنصَّفَ تَنْصِيفاً عَن أَبي حَنِيَفةَ. ونَصفَ فُلاناً يَنْصُفُه بالضمِّ ويَنْصِفُه بالكسِر لُغَةٌ)
فِيهِ، ذكَرَهُما يَعْقُوبُ نَصْفاً بالفَتْحِ، ونِصافاً ونِصافَةً بكَسْرِهِما عَن يَعْقُوبَ وفَتْحهِما عَن غَيْرِه: خَدَمَهُ قالَ لَبِيدٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنهُ يَصفُ ظُروفَ الخَمْرِ:
(لَها غَلَلٌ مِنْ رازِقيٍّ وكُرْسُفٍ ... بأيْمانِ عُجْمٍ يَنْصُفُونَ المَقاوِلاَ)
كأَنْصَفَه إنْصافاً. والمِنَصْفُ، كمَقْعَد ومِنْبَرٍ كِلاهُما عَن ابنِ الأَعْرابِي: الخادِم ووافَقَه الأَصْمَعِيُّ على الكسرِ، وَفِي حَديثِ دَاودَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ: فدَخَلَ المِحْرابَ، وأَقْعَدَ مِنْصَفاً عَلَى البابِ وَهِي بهاءٍ، ج: مَناصِفُ قَالَ عُمَرُ بنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ:
(لتِرْبِها ولأُخْرَى مِنْ مَناصِفِها ... لقَدْ وَجَدْتُ بِه فَوْقَ الَّذِي وَجَدَا)
ومَنْصَفٌ كمَقْعَدٍ: وادٍ باليَمامَةِ يَسْقِي بلادَ عامَرٍ من حَنِيَفَةَ، ومِنْ وَرائِه قَرْقَرَى، كَمَا فِي المُعْجَمِ. والمَنْصَفُ من الطَّرِيقِ ومِنَ النَّهارِ، ومِنْ كُلِّ شيءٍ: نِصفُه. وقالَ ابنُ دُرَيْدٍ: ناصِفَةُ: ع قالَ البَعِيثُ:
(أهاجَ عليكَ الشَّوْقَ أَطْلالُ دِمْنَةٍ ... بناصِفَةِ الجَوَّيْنِ أَو جانِبِ الهَجْلِ)
ويُرْوَى: بناصِفَةِ الجَوَّيْنِ أَو بمُحَجَّرِ والنّاصِفَةِ مِنَ الماءِ: مَجْراهُ فِي الوادِي ج: نَواصِفُ قالَ طَرَفَةُ ابنُ العَبْدِ:
(كأَنَّ حُدُوجَ المالِكِيَّةِ غُدْوَةً ... خَلايَا سَفِينٍ بالنَّواصِفِ مِنَْددِ)
أَو النّاصِفَةُ: صَخْرَةٌ تَكُونُ فِي مَناصِفِ أَسْنادِ الوادِي كَمَا فِي المُحِيطِ، وزادَ فِي اللِّسانِ: ونَحْوِ ذلِكَ من المَسايِلِ. والنَّصِيفُ كأَمِيرٍ: الخِمارُ وَمِنْه الحَدِيثُ فِي صِفَةِ الحُورِ العِينِ: ولنَصَيِفُ إحْداهُنَّ علَىَ رَأْسِها خَيْرٌ مِنَ الُّدنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا وأَنشَدَ الجوهرِيُّ للنّابِغَةِ يَصِفُ امْرَأَةً:
(سَقَطَ النَّصِيفُ ولَمْ يُرِدْ إِسْقاطَهُ ... فتَناوَلَتْهُ واتَّقَتْنا باليَدِ)
وقِيلَ: نَصِيفُ المرأَةِ: مِعْجَرُها. وَقَالَ أَبو سَعِيدٍ: النَّصِيفُ: ثَوْبٌ تَتَجَلَّلُ بِهِ المَرْأَةُ فوقَ ثِيابِها كُلِّها، سُمِّيَُ نَصِيفاً لأَنّه نَصَفَ بينَ النّاسِ وبَيْنَها، فحَجَزَ أبْصارَهُم عَنْها، قالَ: والدَّلِيلُ على صِحَّةِ هَذَا قولُه: سَقَطَ النَّصِيفُ. لأَنَّ النَّصِيفَ إِذا جُعِلَ خِماراً فَسَقَطَ فليَس لسَتْرِها وَجْهَها مَعَ كَشْفِها شَعْرَها معنى. ويُقالُ: النَّصِيفُ: العِمامَةُ، وكُلُّ مَا غَطَّى الرَّأْسَ فَهُوَ نَصِيفٌ. والنَّصِيفُ من البُرْدِ: مالَهُ لَونْانِ. والنَّصِيفُ: مِكْيالٌ لَهُمْ، نقَلَه الجَوْهَرِيُّ، وَبِه فُسّرَ الحدِيثُ السابقُ، وقولُ الرَّاجِزِ. والَّنصَفُ، مُحَرَّكَةً: الخُدّامُ، الواحِدُ ناصِفٌ نقَلَه الجَوْهَرِيُّ، وَفِي المُحْكَمِ النَّصَفَةُ: الخُداّمُ، واحِدُهم ناصِفٌ. وقالَ ابنُ السِّكِّيتِ: النَّصَفُ: المَرْأَةُ بينَ الحَدَثَةِ والمُسِنَّةِ قالَ غيرُه:)
كأَنَّ نِصْفَ عُمْرِها قد ذَهَبَ، وأَنْشَدَ ابنُ الأَعْرابِيِّ:
(وإنْ أَتَوْكَ وقالُوا إنَّها نَصَفٌ ... فإنَّ أَطْيَبَ نِصْفَيْها الذَّيِ غَبَرَا)
أَو هِيَ التّيِ بَلَغَتْ خَمْساً وأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، أَو التَّيِ قَدْ بَلَغَتْ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً ونَحْوَها، والقِياسُ الأَوَّلُ، لأَنَّهُ يَجُره اشْتِاقٌ، وَهَذَا لَا اشْتِقاقَ لَهُ، كَما فِي اللِّسانِ، قالَ ابْنُ السِّكِّيتِ: وتَصْغِيرُها نُصَيْفٌ، بِلَا هاءٍ لأَنَّها صِفَةٌ، وهُنَّ أَنْصافٌ، ونُصُفٌ بضَمَّتَيْنِ، وبِضَمَّةٍ الثانِيَةُ عَن سِيَبويْهِ وَقد يَكُونُ النَّصَفُ للجَمْعِ كالواحِدِ وَهُوَ نَصَفٌ مُحَرَّكَةً، من قومٍ أَنْصافٍ ونَصَفِينَ قالَ ابنُ الرِّقَاعِ:
(تَنَصَّلَتْها لَهُ من بَعْدِ مَا قَذَفَتْ ... بالعُقْرِ قَذْفَةَ ظَنٍّ سَلْفَعٌ نَصَفُ)
ورَجُلٌ نِصْفٌ، بالكَسْرِ: أَي من أَوْساطِ النّاسِ، وللأُنْثَى والجَمْعِ كَذِلكَ. والإنْصافُ بالكسرِ: العَدْلُ قَالَ ابنُ الأَعرابِيِّ: أَنْصَفَ: إِذا أَخَذَ الحَقَّ، وأَعْطَى الحَقَّ. والاسْمُ النَّصَفُ والنَّصَفَةُ، مُحَرَّكَتَيْنِ وتَفْسِيرهُ أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ من الحَقِّ كالذَّيِ تَسْتَحِقُّه لنَفْسِكَ، ويُقالُ: أَنْصَفَه من نَفْسِه.
وأَنْصَفَ الرَّجُلُ: سارَ نِصْفَ النَّهارِ عَن ابنِ الأَعرابيِّ. وأَنْصَفَ النَّهارُ: بَلَغَ النِّصْفَ أَو مَضَى نِصْفُه، كانْتَصَفَ، وَقد تقُدَّمَ. وأَنْصَفَ الشَّيءَ: أَخَذَ نِصْفَه عَن ابنِ الأَعرابِيِّ. وأَنْصَفَ فُلانٌ: أَسْرَعَ عَن ابنِ عَبّادٍ. ونَصَّفَ الجارِيَةَ بالخِمارِ تَنْصِيفاً: خَمَّرَها بِهِ عَن ابنِ الأَعْراِبيِّ. ونَصَّفَ الشّيْءَ: جَعَلَه نِصْفَيْنِ عَن ابنِ الأَعْرابِيِّ أَيْضاً. ونَصَّفَ رَأْسُه ولِحْيَتُه: صارَ السَّوادُ والبَياضُ نِصْفَيْنِ نقَلَه الصّاغانِيُّ. وَفِي الصِّحاحِ: نَصَّفَ الشّيْبُ رَأْسَه بَلَغَ النِّصْفَ. ويُقالُ: هُوَ يَشْرَبُ المُنَصَّفَ، كمُعَظَّمٍ: الشَّراب طُبِخَ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ نِصْفُه. والمُنَصِّفُ، كمُحَدِّثٍ: مَنْ خَمَّرَ رَأْسَه بعِمامَة. ويُقالُ انْتَصَفَ منْه: إِذا اسْتَوْفَى حَقَّه مِنْهُ كامِلاً حَتَّى صارَ كُلُّ عَلَى النِّصْفِ سَواءً، كاسْتَنْصَفَ مِنْه وَهَذِه عَن الِكسائِيِّ. وانْتَصَفَت الجارِيَةُ: اخْتَمَرَتْ بالنَّصِيفِ كتَنَصَّفَ فيِهِما.
ويُقالُ: تَنَصَّفْتُ السُّلْطانَ، إِذا سَأَلْتَه أَنْ يُنْصِفَكَ. وتَنَصَّفَت الجارِيَةُ: تَخَمَّرَتْ. ويُقالُ: رَمَى فانْتَصَفَ سَهْمُه فِي الصَّيِدْ: أَي دَخَل فيِه إِلَى النِّصْفِ. ومُنْتَصَفَ النَّهارِ، وكُلِّ شَيْءٍ بفَتْحِ الصّادِ: وَسَطُه يُقالُ: أَتَيْتُه مُنْتَصَفَ النَّهارِ، والشَّهْرِ. وتَناصَفُوا: أَنْصَفَ بَعْضُهُم بَعْضاً من نَفْسِه، نقَلَه الجَوْهِريُّ، وأَنْشَدَ قولَ ابنِ الرِّقاعِ:
(إنِّي غَرِضْتُ إِلَى تَناصُفِ وَجْهِها ... غَرَضَ المُحِبِّ إِلَى الحَبِيبِ الغاِئبِ)
يَعْنِي اسْتِواءَ المَحاسِنِ، كأَنَّ بعضَ أجْزاءِ الوَجْهِ أَنْصَفَ بَعْضاً فِي أَخْذِ القِسْطِ من الجَمالِ، وغَرِضْتُ: اشْتَقْتُ وقالَ غيُره: مَعْناهُ خِدْمَة وَجْهِها بالنظرِ إليهِ: وقِيلَ: إِلَى مَحاسِنِه الَّتِي) تَقَسَّمَت الحُسْنَ فتَناصَفَتْهُ: أَي أَنْصَفَ بعضُها بَعْضاً، فاسْتَوَتْ فيِه، وَقَالَ ابنُ الأَعرابِيِّ: تَناصُفُ وَجْهِها: مَحاسِنُها أَي أَنّها كُلَّها حَسَنَةٌ يُنْصِفُ بعضُها بَعْضاً، يُريدُ أَنَّ أعَضْاءَها حَسَنَةٌ متساويةٌ فِي الجَمالِ والحُسْنِ، فكأَنَّ بعضَهما أَنْصَفَ بَعْضًا، فتَناصَفَ، وناصَفَه مُناصَفَةً: قاسَمَه على النِّصْفِ نقَلَه الجَوْهَرِيُّ. وتَنَصَّفَ الرّجُلُ: خَدَمَ نقَلَهَ الجَوْهريُِّ، وأَنشَدَ لحُرَقَةَ بنتِ النُّعْمانِ ابنِ المُنْذَرِ:
(فَأُفٍٍّ لدُنْيَا لَا يَدُومُ نَعِيُمها ... تَقَلَّبُ تَاراتٍ بِنا وتَصَرَّفُ) (بَيْنَا نَسُوسُ النّاسَ والأَمْرُ أَمْرُنَا ... إِذا نَحْنُ فِيِهم سُوقَةٌ نَتَنَصَّفُ)
قَالَ الصّاغانِيُّ: والبَيْتُ مَخْرُومٌ وقالَ ابنُ بَرِّي: تَنَصَّفْتُه: خَدَمْتُه وعَبَدْتُه، وأَنْشَدَ:
(فإنَّ الْإِلَه تَنَصَّفْتُه ... بأَنْ لَا أَعُقَّ وأَنْ لَا أَحُوبَا)
وتَنَصَّفَ فُلاناً اسْتَخْدَمَه فَهُو ضِدٌّ وعِبارةُ العُبابِ: تَنَصَّفَ: خَدَمَ، وتَنَصَّفَه: اسْتَخْدَمَه، فتَنَصَّفَ لازِمٌ مُتَعَدٍّ، وَلم يَذْكرُ الضِّدِّيَّةَ، فتَأَمَّلْ، ويُرْوَى قولُ الحُرَقَةِ بفَتْحِ النُّون وبِضَمِّها فبالْفَتْحِ: أَي نَخْدُم، وبالضمِّ: أَي نُسْتَخْدَمُ. وتَنَصَّفَ زَيْداً: طَلَبَ مَا عِنْدَه عَن ابنِ عَبّادٍ. وتَنَصَّفَ فُلاناً: خَضَعَ لَهُ عَن ابنِ عَبّادٍ أَيضاً. وتَنَصَّفَ السُّلْطانَ: سَأَلَه أَنْ يُنْصِفَه، كاسْتَنْصَفَه. وتَنَصَّفَ الشَّيْبُ إيّاهُ: عَمَّهُ عَن ابنِ عَبّادٍ. وقالَ الفَرّاءُ: تَنَصَّفْناكَ بَيْنَنا: أَي جَعَلْناكَ بَيْنَنا. والمَناصِفُ: أَدْوِيَةٌ صغارٌ.
واسْمُ ع بعَيْنِه.
وَمِمَّا يُسْتدرَكُ عليِه: قَالَ اليَزِيدِيُّ: نَصَفَ الماءُ البِئْرَ والحُبَّ والكُوزَ، وَهُوَ يَنْصُفُه نَصْفاً ونُصُوفاً، وَقد أَنْصَفَ الماءُ الحُبَّ إِنْصافاً، وكذلِكَ الكُوزَ: إِذا بَلَغَ نِصْفَه، فإنْ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ بِه قُلْتَ: أَنصَفْتُ الماءَ الحُبَّ والكُوزَ. وتقَوُل: أَنْصَفَ الشيبُ رَأَسَه ونَصَّفَ تَنْصِيفاً. وَإِذا بَلَغْتَ نِصْفَ السِّنِّ قلتَ: قد أَنْصَفْتُه، ونَصَّفْتُه، إنْصافاً وتَنْصِيفاً. والمُناصِفُ، بالضمٌّ: البُسْرُ رَطَّبَ نِصْفُه، لغةٌ يَماِنَّيةٌ.
ومَنْصَفُ القَوْسِ، والوَتَرِ: مَوْضِعُ النِّصْفِ مِنْهُمَا. والمَنْصَفُ: المَوْضِعُ الوَسَطُ بينَ المَوضِعَيْنِ.
ونَصَّفَ النَّهارُ تَنْصِيفاً: انْتَصَفَ قالَ العَجّاجُ: حَتَّى إِذا اللَّيْلُ التَّمامُ نَصَّفَا وقالَ ابنُ شُمَيْلٍ: إنَّ فُلانَةَ لعَلَى نَصَفِهِا، مُحَرَّكَةً: أَي نِصْفِ شَبابِها. ونَصَّفَ الرَّجُلُ تَنْصِيفاً: صارَ كَهْلاً، كأَنَّه بَلَغَ نصفَ عُمُرِه. والنَّصِيفُ، كأَمِيرٍ س: الخادِمُ. وتَنَصَّفَه طَلَبَ مَعْرُوفَه، قالَ:)
(فإنّ الْإِلَه تَنَصَّفْتُه ... بأَن لَا أَخُونَ وأَنْ لَا أُخانَا)
وقيلَ: تَنَصَّفْتُه: أَطَعْتُه، وانْقَدْتُ لَهُ. ورَجُلٌ مُتَنِاصفٌ: مُتَساوِي المَحاسِنِ. ومَكانٌ مُتَناصِفٌ: مُسْتَوِى الأَجْزاءِ، كأَنَّ بعضَ أَجْزائِه يُنْصِفُ بَعْضاً، نَقَلَه الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ. والنَّواصِفُ: الرِّحابُ، نَقَلَه الجَوْهَرِيُّ، وزادَ غيرُه: بهَا شَجَرٌ. وقِيلَ: النّاِصَفُة الأَرْضُ تُنْبِت الثُّمامَ وغيرَه، وَقَالَ أَبو حَنِيَفَة: النّاصِفَةُ: موضِعٌ مِنْباتٌ، يَتَّسِعُ من الوادِي، وَقَالَ غيرُه: النَّواصِفُ: أَماكِنُ بينَ الغِلَظٍ واللِّينِ. ويُقالُ: انْصِفْ هذِه الدَّراهِمَ بينَنا: أَي اقْسِمْها نِصْفَيْنِ، كَمَا فِي الأَساسِ. ونَصَّفَه تَنْصِيفاً: اسْتَخْدَمَه، كَمَا فِي الأَساسِ أَيضاً. والمَنْصَفُ، كمَقْعَدٍ: اخْتِلاسُ الحَقِّ بحِيلَةٍ، عامِّيّةٌ والجَمْعُ المَناصِفُ، والرَّجُلُ مَناصِفِيٌّ. ومَنْصَف: مِنْ قُرَى بَلَنْسِيَة. وقدْ سَمَّوْا ناصِفاً. وانْتَصَفَت الإبِلُ ماءَ حَوْضِها: شَرِبَتْه أَجْمَعَ، نقَلَه ابنُ الأَعْرابِيِّ، وَهِي لُغَةٌ فِي الضّادِ المعجمةِ. واسْتَنْصَفَ الوالِي الخَراجَ: اسْتَوْفاهُ، هكَذا نَقَلَه الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ على الصَّوابِ فِي تركيب ن ظ ف وسَيَأْتِي للمُصَنِّفِ تَبَعاً لغَيْرِه أَنّه اسْتَنْظَفَ، بالظاءِ. والمَنْصِفُ، كمَجْلِسٍ: لُغَةٌ فِي المَنْصَفِ كمَقْعَدٍ، للوادِي، عَن الحَفْصِيِّ. والنّاصِفَةُ: الرَّحْبَةُ فِي الوادِي. وقالَ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ: ناصِفَةُ: وادٍ من أَوْدِيَةِ القَبَلِيَّةِ. وناصِفَةُ الشَّجْناءِ: موضِعٌ فِي طَرِيقِ اليَمامَةِ. وناصِفَةُ العَمْقَيْنِ: فِي بِلادِ بَنِي قُشَيْرٍ، قَالَ مُصْعَبُ بنُ طُفَيْلٍ القُشَيْرِيُّ: بناصِفَةِ العَمْقَيْنِ أَو بُرْقَةِ اللِّوَى على النَّأْيِ والهِجْرانِ شَبَّ شَبُوبُها وناصِفَةُ العُنابِ: موضِعٌ آخرُ، قَالَ مالِكُ بنُ نُوَيْرَةَ: كأَنَّ الخَيْلَ مَبْرَكَها سَنِيحاً قُطامِيٌّ بنَاصِفَةِ العُنَابِ ويومُ ناصِفَةَ: من أَيّامِ العَرَبِ. وناصِفَةُ العَقِيقِ: موضِعٌ بالمَدِينَةِ، قَالَ أَبو مَعْرُوفٍ أَحَدُ بَنِي عَمْرِو ابنِ تَمِيمٍ: أَلَمْ تُلْمِمْ عَلَى الدَّمَنِ الخُشُوعِ بناصِفَةِ العَقِيقِ إِلَى البَقِيِعِ والناصِفَةُ: ماءٌ لبَنِي جَعْفَرِ بنِ كلاِبٍ، كَذَا فِي المُعْجَمِ. والنَّواصِفُ: موضِعٌ بعُمانَ.

سَمَرْقَنْدُ:
بفتح أوّله وثانيه، ويقال لها بالعربيّة سمران: بلد معروف مشهور، قيل: إنّه من أبنية ذي القرنين بما وراء النهر، وهو قصبة الصّغد مبنيّة
على جنوبي وادي الصغد مرتفعة عليه، قال أبو عون:
سمرقند في الإقليم الرابع، طولها تسع وثمانون درجة ونصف، وعرضها ست وثلاثون درجة ونصف، وقال الأزهري: بناها شمر أبو كرب فسميت شمر كنت فأعربت فقيل سمرقند، هكذا تلفظ به العرب في كلامها وأشعارها، وقال يزيد بن مفرّغ يمدح سعيد بن عثمان وكان قد فتحها:
لهفي على الأمر الذي ... كانت عواقبه النّدامه
تركي سعيدا ذا النّدى، ... والبيت ترفعه الدّعامه
فتحت سمرقند له، ... وبنى بعرصتها خيامه
وتبعت عبد بني علا ... ج، تلك أشراط القيامه
وبالبطيحة من أرض كسكر قرية تسمى سمرقند أيضا، ذكره المفجّع في كتاب المنقذ من الإيمان في أخبار ملوك اليمن قال: لما مات ناشر ينعم الملك قام بالملك من بعده شمر بن افريقيس بن أبرهة فجمع جنوده وسار في خمسمائة ألف رجل حتى ورد العراق فأعطاه يشتاسف الطاعة وعلم أن لا طاقة له به لكثرة جنوده وشدّة صولته، فسار من العراق لا يصدّه صادّ إلى بلاد الصين فلمّا صار بالصّغد اجتمع أهل تلك البلاد وتحصّنوا منه بمدينة سمرقند فأحاط بمن فيها من كلّ وجه حتى استنزلهم بغير أمان فقتل منهم مقتلة عظيمة وأمر بالمدينة فهدمت فسميت شمركند، أي شمر هدمها، فعرّبتها العرب فقالت سمرقند، وقد ذكر ذلك دعبل الخزاعي في قصيدته التي يفتخر فيها ويردّ بها على الكميت ويذكر التبابعة:
وهم كتبوا الكتاب بباب مرو، ... وباب الصّين كانوا الكاتبينا
وهم سمّوا قديما سمرقندا، ... وهم غرسوا هناك التّبّتينا
فسار شمر وهو يريد الصين فمات هو وأصحابه عطشا ولم يرجع منهم مخبّر، فبقيت سمرقند خرابا إلى أن ملك تبّع الأقرن بن أبي مالك بن ناشر ينعم فلم تكن له همّة إلّا الطلب بثأر جدّه شمر الذي هلك بأرض الصين فتجهّز واستعدّ وسار في جنوده نحو العراق فخرج إليه بهمن بن إسفنديار وأعطاه الطاعة وحمل إليه الخراج حتى وصل إلى سمرقند فوجدها خرابا، فأمر بعمارتها وأقام عليها حتى ردّها إلى أفضل ما كانت عليه، وسار حتى أتى بلادا واسعة فبنى التّبّت كما ذكرنا، ثمّ قصد الصين فقتل وسبى وأحرق وعاد إلى اليمن في قصة طويلة، وقيل: إن سمرقند من بناء الإسكندر، واستدارة حائطها اثنا عشر فرسخا، وفيها بساتين ومزارع وأرحاء، ولها اثنا عشر بابا، من الباب إلى الباب فرسخ، وعلى أعلى السور آزاج وأبرجة للحرب، والأبواب الاثنا عشر من حديد، وبين كلّ بابين منزل للنوّاب، فإذا جزت المزارع صرت إلى الربض وفيه أبنية وأسواق، وفي ربضها من المزارع عشرة آلاف جريب، ولهذه المدينة، أعني الداخلة، أربعة أبواب، وساحتها ألفان وخمسمائة جريب، وفيها المسجد الجامع والقهندز وفيه مسكن السلطان، وفي هذه المدينة الداخلة نهر يجري في رصاص، وهو نهر قد بني عليه مسنّاة عالية من حجر يجري عليه الماء إلى أن يدخل المدينة من باب كسّ، ووجه هذا النهر رصاص كلّه، وقد عمل في خندق المدينة مسنّاة وأجري عليها، وهو نهر يجري في وسط السوق بموضع يعرف بباب الطاق،
وكان أعمر موضع بسمرقند، وعلى حافات هذا النهر غلّات موقوفة على من بات في هذا النهر وحفظة من المجوس عليهم حفظ هذا النهر شتاء وصيفا مستفرض ذلك عليهم، وفي المدينة مياه من هذا النهر عليها بساتين، وليس من سكة ولا دار إلّا وبها ماء جار إلّا القليل، وقلّما تخلو دار من بستان حتى إنّك إذا صعدت قهندزها لا ترى أبنية المدينة لاستتارها عنك بالبساتين والأشجار، فأمّا داخل سوق المدينة الكبيرة ففيه أودية وأنهار وعيون وجبال، وعلى القهندز باب حديد من داخله باب آخر حديد، ولما ولي سعيد بن عثمان خراسان في سنة 55 من جهة معاوية عبر النهر ونزل على سمرقند محاصرا لها وحلف لا يبرح حتى يدخل المدينة ويرمي القهندز بحجر أو يعطوه رهنا من أولاد عظمائهم، فدخل المدينة ورمى القهندز بحجر فثبت فيه فتطيّر أهلها بذلك وقالوا:
ثبت فيها ملك العرب، وأخذ رهانهم وانصرف، فلمّا كانت سنة 87 عبر قتيبة بن مسلم النهر وغزا بخارى والشاش ونزل على سمرقند، وهي غزوته الأولى، ثمّ غزا ما وراء النهر عدّة غزوات في سنين سبع وصالح أهلها على أن له ما في بيوت النيران وحلية الأصنام، فأخرجت إليه الأصنام فسلب حليها وأمر بتحريقها، فقال سدنتها: إن فيها أصناما من أحرقها هلك! فقال قتيبة: أنا أحرقها بيدي، وأخذ شعلة نار وأضرمها فاضطرمت فوجد بقايا ما كان فيها من مسامير الذهب خمسين ألف مثقال، وبسمرقند عدّة مدن مذكورة في مواضعها، منها: كرمانية ودبوسية وأشروسنة والشاش ونخشب وبناكث، وقالوا: ليس في الأرض مدينة أنزه ولا أطيب ولا أحسن مستشرفا من سمرقند، وقد شبهها حضين بن المنذر الرقاشي فقال:
كأنّها السماء للخضرة وقصورها الكواكب للإشراق ونهرها المجرّة للاعتراض وسورها الشمس للإطباق، ووجد بخط بعض ظرفاء العراق مكتوبا على حائط سمرقند:
وليس اختياري سمرقند محلّة ... ودار مقام لاختيار ولا رضا
ولكنّ قلبي حلّ فيها فعاقني ... وأقعدني بالصغر عن فسحة الفضا
وإنّي لممّن يرقب الدّهر راجيا ... ليوم سرور غير مغرى بما مضى
وقال أحمد بن واضح في صفة سمرقند:
علت سمرقند أن يقال لها ... زين خراسان جنّة الكور
أليس أبراجها معلّقة ... بحيث لا تستبين للنّظر
ودون أبراجها خنادقها ... عميقة ما ترام من ثغر
كأنّها وهي وسط حائطها ... محفوفة بالظّلال والشّجر
بدر وأنهارها المجرّة وال ... آطام مثل الكواكب الزّهر
وقال البستي:
للنّاس في أخراهم جنّة، ... وجنّة الدنيا سمرقند
يا من يسوّي أرض بلخ بها، ... هل يستوي الحنظل والقند؟
قال الأصمعي: مكتوب على باب سمرقند بالحميرية:
بين هذه المدينة وبين صنعاء ألف فرسخ، وبين بغداد وبين إفريقية ألف فرسخ، وبين سجستان وبين البحر مائتا فرسخ، ومن سمرقند إلى زامين سبعــة عشر
فرسخا، وقال الشيخ أبو سعد عبد الكريم بن محمد بن منصور السمعاني: أخبرنا أبو الفضل محمد بن عبد الله ابن المظفّر الكسّي بسمرقند أنبأنا أبو الحسن عليّ بن عثمان بن إسماعيل الخرّاط إملاء أنبأنا عبد الجبار بن أحمد الخطيب أنبأنا أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الله الخطيب أنبأنا محمد بن عبد الله بن عليّ السائح الباهلي أنبأنا الزاهد أبو يحيى أحمد بن الفضل أنبأنا مسعود بن كامل أبو سعيد السكّاك حدثنا جابر بن معاذ الأزدي أنبأنا أبو مقاتل حفص بن مسلم الفزاري أنبأنا برد بن سنان عن أنس بن مالك، رضي الله عنه، أنّه ذكر مدينة خلف نهر جيحون تدعى سمرقند ثمّ قال: لا تقولوا سمرقند ولكن قولوا المدينة المحفوظة، فقال أناس:
يا أبا حمزة ما حفظها؟ فقال: أخبرني حبيبي رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أن مدينة بخراسان خلف النهر تدعى المحفوظة، لها أبواب على كلّ باب منها خمسة آلاف ملك يحفظونها يسبّحون ويهلّلون، وفوق المدينة خمسة آلاف ملك يبسطون أجنحتهم على أن يحفظوا أهلها، ومن فوقهم ملك له ألف رأس وألف فم وألف لسان ينادي يا دائم يا دائم يا الله يا صمد احفظ هذه المدينة، وخلف المدينة روضة من رياض الجنة، وخارج المدينة ماء حلو عذب من شرب منه شرب من ماء الجنّة ومن اغتسل فيه خرج من ذنوبه كيوم ولدته أمّه، وخارج المدينة على ثلاثة فراسخ ملائكة يطوفون يحرسون رساتيقها ويدعون الله بالذكر لهم، وخلف هؤلاء الملائكة واد فيه حيّات وحيّة تخرج على صفة الآدميّين تنادي يا رحمن الدنيا ورحيم الآخرة ارحم هذه المدينة المحفوظة، ومن تعبّد فيها ليلة تقبّل الله منه عبادة سبعــين سنة، ومن صام فيها يوما فكأنّما صام الدهر، ومن أطعم فيها مسكينا لا يدخل منزله فقر أبدا، ومن مات في هذه المدينة فكأنّما مات في السماء السابعة ويحشر يوم القيامة مع الملائكة في الجنة، وزاد حذيفة بن اليمان في رواية: ومن خلفها قرية يقال لها قطوان يبعث منها سبعــون ألف شهيد يشفع كلّ شهيد منهم في سبعــين من أهل بيته، وقال حذيفة: وددت أن يوافقني هذا الزمان وكان أحبّ إليّ من أن أوافق ليلة القدر، وهذا الحديث في كتاب الأفانين للسمعاني، وينسب إلى سمرقند جماعة كثيرة، منهم: محمد بن عدي بن الفضل أبو صالح السمرقندي نزيل مصر، سمع بدمشق أبا الحسين الميداني، وبمصر أبا مسلم الكاتب وأبا الحسن عليّ بن محمد بن إسحاق الحلبي وأبا الحسين أحمد بن محمد الأزهر التنيسي المعروف بابن السمناوي ومحمد ابن سراقة العامري وأحمد بن محمد الجمّازي وأبا القاسم الميمون بن حمزة الحسيني وأبا الحسن محمد بن أحمد بن العباس الإخميمي وأبا الحسن علي بن محمد ابن سنان، روى عنه أبو الربيع سليمان بن داود بن أبي حفص الجبلي وأبو عبد الله بن الخطّاب وسهل بن بشر وأبو الحسن عليّ بن أحمد بن ثابت العثماني الديباجي وأبو محمد هيّاج بن عبيد الحطّيني، ومات سنة 444 وأحمد بن عمر بن الأشعث أبو بكر السمرقندي، سكن دمشق مدة وكان يكتب بها المصاحف ويقرأ ويقرئ القرآن، وسمع بدمشق أبا علي بن أبي نصر وأبا عثمان إسماعيل بن عبد الرحمن الصابوني، روى عنه أبو الفضل كمّاد بن ناصر بن نصر المراغي الحدّادي، حدث عنه ابنه أبو القاسم، قال ابن عساكر:
سمعت الحسن بن قيس يذكر أن أبا بكر السمرقندي كان يكتب المصاحف من حفظه وكان لجماعة من أهل دمشق فيه رأي حسن فسمعت الحسن بن قيس يذكر أنّه خرج مع جماعة إلى ظاهر البلد في فرجة فقدّموه يصلي بهم وكان مزّاحا، فلمّا سجد بهم تركهم في الصلاة وصعد إلى شجرة، فلمّا طال عليهم انتظاره رفعوا رؤوسهم فلم يجدوه فإذا هو في الشجرة يصيح صياح السنانير فسقط من أعينهم، فخرج إلى بغداد وترك أولاده بدمشق واتصل ببغداد بعفيف الخادم القائمي فكان يكرمه وأنزله في موضع من داره، فكان إذا جاءه الفرّاش بالطعام يذكر أولاده بدمشق فيبكي، فحكى الفرّاش ذلك لعفيف الخادم فقال:
سله عن سبب بكائه، فسأله فقال: إن لي بدمشق أولادا في ضيق فإذا جاءني الطعام تذكّرتهم، فأخبره الفرّاش بذلك، فقال: سله أين يسكنون وبمن يعرفون، فسأله فأخبره، فبعث عفيف إليهم من حملهم من دمشق إلى بغداد، فما أحسّ بهم أبو بكر حتى قدم عليه ابنه أبو محمد وقد خلّف أمّه وأخويه عبد الواحد وإسماعيل بالرحبة ثمّ قدموا بعد ذلك فلم يزالوا في ضيافة عفيف حتى مات، وسألت ابنه أبا القاسم عن وفاته فقال في رمضان سنة 489.

ان

1 أَنَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. أَنِينٌ and أُنَانٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and تَأْنَانٌ (S, K) and أَنٌّ, (M, K,) He moaned; or uttered a moan, or moaning, or prolonged voice of complaint; or said, Ah! syn. تَأَوَّهَ; (M, K;) by reason of pain: (S, TA:) he complained by reason of disease or pain: (TA:) he uttered a cry or cries: (Msb:) said of a man. (S, Msb.) b2: أَنِّتِ القَوْسُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. أَنِينٌ, The bow made a gentle and prolonged sound. (AHn, M.) A2: لَا أَفْعَلُهُ مَا أَنَّ فِى السَّمَآءِ نَجْمٌ means I will not do it as long as there is a star in the heaven: (S, M, K:) أَنَّ being here a dial. var. of عَنَّ. (S.) You say also, مَا أَنَّ فِي الفُرَاتِ قَطْرَةٌ As long as there is a drop in the Euphrates. (T, S.) And لَا أَفْعَلُهُ مَا أَنَّ فِى السَّمَآءٌ [ I will not do it as long as there is rain in the heaven]. (S.) [It is said in the M that Lh mentions the last two sayings; but it is there indicated that he read قَطْرَةً and سَمَآءً: and] ISk mentions the saying, لَا أَفْعَلُهُ مَا أَنَّ فِى السَّمَآءِ نَجْمًا, (T, M,) and مَا عَنَّ فِى السَّمَآءِ نَجْمٌ; (T;) [in the former of which, أَنّ must be a particle (which see below); but it seems that it should rather be إِنَّ, in this case, as ISd thinks; for he says,] I know not for what reason انّ is here with fet-h, unless a verb be understood before it, as ثَبَتَ or وُجِدَ: [ and he adds,] Lh mentions مَا أَنَّ ذلِكَ الجَبَلَ مَكَانَهُ [as long as that mountain is in its place]: and مَا أَنَّ حِرَآءً مَكَانَهُ [as long as Mount Hirà is in its place]: but he does not explain these sayings. (M.) أَنٌ is a pronoun, denoting the speaker, [I, masc. and fem.,] in the language of some of the Arabs: they say, أَنْ فَعَلْتُ [I did], with the ن quiescent: but most of them pronounce it [↓ أَنَ] with fet-h when conjoined with a following word; (Mughnee, K;) saying, أَنَ فَعَلْتُ: (TA:) and [↓ أَنَا] with ا in a case of pause: (Mughnee, K:) and some pronounce it with ا also when it is conjoined with a following word; saying, أَنَا فَعَلْتُ; [ as we generally find it written in books;] but this is of a bad dialect: (TA:) [this last assertion, however, requires consideration; for the dial. here said to be bad is that of Temeem, accord. to what here follows:] the Basrees hold that the pronoun consists of the ء and the ن, and that the [final] ا is redundant, because it is suppressed in a case of conjunction with a following word; but the Koofees hold that the pronoun is composed of all the three letters, because the ا is preserved in a case of conjunction with a following word in the dial. of Temeem. (Marginal note in a copy of the Mughnee.) [Accord. to Az,] it is best to say ↓ أَنَا in a case of pause; and ↓ أَنَ in a case of conjunction with a following word, as in أَنَ فَعَلْتُ ذَاكَ [I did that]; but some of the Arabs say, فَعَلْتُ ذَاكَ ↓ أَنَا; and some make the ن quiescent in a case of this kind, though this is rare, saying, أَنْ قُلْتُ ذَاكَ [I said that]; and Kudá'ah prolong the former ا, saying, قُلْتُهُ ↓ آنَ. (T.) [Accord. to J,] ↓ أَنَا is a pronoun denoting the speaker alone, and is made to end invariably with fet-h to distinguish it from the particle أَنْ which renders the aor. mansoob; the final ا being for the purpose of showing what is the vowel in a case of pause; but when it occurs in the middle [or beginning] of a sentence, it is dropped, except in a bad dialect. (S.) [Accord. to ISd,] ↓ أَنَ is a noun denoting the speaker; and in a case of pause, you add ا at the end, [saying ↓ أَنَا,] to denote quiescence; (M;) [or] it is better to do this, though it is not always done: (TA:) but it is said, on the authority of Ktr, that there are five dial. vars. of this word; namely, فَعَلْتُ ↓ أَنَ, and ↓ أَنَا, and ↓ آنَ, and أَنٌ, and ↓ أَنَهٌ, all mentioned by IJ; but there is some weakness in this: IJ says that the ه in ↓ أَنَهٌ may be a substitute for the ا in أَنَا, because the latter is the more usual, and the former is rare; or it may be added to show what is the vowel, like the ه, and be like the ه in كِتَابِيَهْ and حِسَابِيَهٌ. (M.) For the dual, as well as the pl., only نَحْنُ is used. (Az, TA.) b2: It is also a pronoun denoting the person addressed, or spoken to, by assuming the form ↓ أَنْتَ [Thou, masc.]; ت being added to it as the sign of the person addressed, (S, M, Mughnee, K,) and أَنْ being the pronoun, (M, Mughnee, K,) accord. to the general opinion; (Mughnee, K;) the two becoming as one; not that one is prefixed to the other as governing it in the gen. case: (S:) and so ↓ أَنْتِ, (S, M, Mughnee, K,) addressed to the female: (S, M:) and ↓ أَنْتُمَا, (M, Mughnee, K,) addressed to two; not a regular dual, for were it so it would be أَنْتَان; but like كُمَا in ضَرَبْتُكُمَا: (M:) and ↓ أَنْتُمٌ and ↓ أَنْتُنَّ, (S, Mughnee, K,) which are [respectively] the masc. and fem. pls. (TA.) b3: To each of these the ك of comparison is sometimes prefixed; so that you say, ↓ أَنْتَ كَأَنَا [Thou art like me, or as I], and ↓ أَنَا كَأَنْتَ [or أَنَ كَأَنْتَ I am like thee, or as thou]; as is related on the authority of the Arabs; for though the ك of comparison is not prefixed to the [affixed] pronoun, and you say, أَنْتَ كَزَيْدٍ but not أَنْتَ كِي, yet the separate pronoun is regarded by them as being in the same predicament as the noun; and therefore the prefixing it to the latter kind of pronoun is approved. (S.) It is said in the Book of لَيْسَ, by IKh, that there is no such phrase, in the language of the Arabs, as أَنْتَ كِى, nor as أَنَا كَكَ, except in two forged verses; wherefore Sb says that the Arabs, by saying أَنْتَ مِثْلِى and أَنَا مثْلُكَ, have no need of saying أَنْتَ كِى and أَنَا كَكَ: and the two verses are these: وَلَوْلَا البَلَآءُ لَكَانُوا كَنَا فَلَوْلَا الحَيَآإُ لَكُنَّا كَهُمٌ [And but for the sense of shame, we had been like them, or as they: and but for trial, or affliction, they had been like us, or as we]: and إِنْ تَكُنْ كِى فِإِنَّنِي كَكَ فِيهَا

إِنَّنَا فِى المَلَامِ مُصْطَحِبَانِ [If thou art like me, or as I, verily I am like thee, or as thou, in respect of her, or it, or them: verily we, in respect of blame, are companions]. (TA.) Az mentions his having heard some of the Benoo-Suleym say, كَمَا أَنْتَنِي, [the latter word being a compound of the pronoun أَنْتَ, regularly written separately, and the affixed pronoun نِى,] meaning Wait thou for me in thy place. (TA.) A2: It is also a particle: and as such, it is—First, a particle of the kind called مَصْدَرِىٌّ, rendering the aor. mansoob: (Mughnee, K:) i. e., (TA,) it combines with a verb [in this case] in the future [or aor. ] tense, following it, to form an equivalent to an inf. n., and renders it mansoob: (S, TA:) you say, أُرِيدُ أَنْ تَقُومَ [I desire that thou stand, or that thou wouldst stand, or that thou mayest stand]; meaning أُرِيدُ قِيَامَكَ [I desire thy standing]. (S.) It occurs in two places: first, in that of the inchoative, or in the beginning of a phrase, so that it is in the place of a nom. case; as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 180], وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ [And that ye fast is better for you]; (Mughnee, K;) i. e. صِيَامُكُمْ [your fasting]. (TA.) And, secondly, after a word denoting a meaning which is not that of certainty: and thus it is the place of a nom. case; as in the saying [in the Kur lvii. 15], أَلَمْ يَأَنِ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنٌ تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ [Hath not the time that their hearts should become submissive, i. e. the time of their hearts' becoming submissive, yet come unto those who have believed?]: and in the place of an accus. case; as in the saying [in the Kur x. 38], وَمَا كَانَ هذَا القْرْآنُ أَنْ يُفْتَرَء [And this Kur-án is not such that it might be forged; i. e., افُتِرِآءٌ; so in Bd and Jel; and so in a marginal note to a copy of the Mughnee, where is added, meaning مُفْتَرًى

forged]: and in the place of a gen. case; as in the saying [in the Kur lxiii. 10], مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِىَ

أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ [Before that death come unto any one of you; i. e. before death's coming unto any one of you]. (Mughnee, K.) Sometimes it makes the aor. to be of the mejzoom form, (Mughnee, K,) as some of the Koofees and AO have mentioned, and as Lh has stated on the authority of certain of the Benoo-Sabbáh of Dabbeh; (Mughnee;) as in this verse: إِذَا مَا غَدَوْنَا قَالَ وِلْدَانُ أَهْلِنَا تَعَالوْغا إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِنَا الصَّيْدُ نَحْطِبِ [When we went away in the morning, the youths of our family, or people, said, Come ye, until that the chase come to us, (i. e. until the coming of the chase to us,) let us collect firewood]. (Mughnee, K.) And sometimes it is followed by an aor. of the marfooa form; as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 233], accord. to the reading of Ibn-Moheysin, لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمُّ الرَّضَاعَةَ [For him who desireth that he may complete the time of sucking; i. e. the completing thereof]; (Mughnee, K;) but this is anomalous, (I 'Ak p. 101, and TA,) or أَنْ is here a contraction of أَنَّ [for أَنَّهُ]: (I 'Ak:) and in the saying of the poet, أَنْ تَقَرَآنِ عَلَي أَسْمَآءِ وَيْحَكُمَا مِنِّى السَّلَامَ وَأَنْ لَا تُخْبِرَا أَحَدَا [That ye two convey, or communicate, to Asmà, (mercy on you! or woe to you!) from me, salutation, and that ye inform not any one]; but the Koofees assert that أَنٌ is here [in the beginning of the verse] a contraction of أَنَّ, and anomalously conjoined with the verb; whereas the Basrees correctly say that it is أَنٌ which renders the aor. mansoob, but is deprived of government by its being made to accord with its co-ordinate مَا, termed مَصْدَرِيَّة; (Mughnee;) or, as IJ says, on the authority of Aboo-'Alee, أَنٌ is here used by poetic licence for أَنَّكُمَا; and the opinion of the Baghdádees [and Basrees], that it is likened to مَا, and therefore without government, is improbable, because أَنْ is not conjoined with a verb in the present tense, but only with the preterite and the future. (M.) When it is suppressed, the aor. may be either mansoob or marfooa; but the latter is the better; as in the saying in the Kur [xxxix. 64], أَفَغَيْرَ اللّٰهِ تَأْمُرُونِّى أَعْبُدُ [Other than God do ye bid me worship?]. (S.) If it occurs immediately before a preterite, it combines with it to form an equivalent to an inf. n. relating to past time; being in this case without government: you say, أَعْجَيَنِيأَنْ قُمْتَ [It pleased me that thou stoodest]; meaning thy standing that is past pleased me: (S:) and thus it is used in the saying [in the Kur xxviii. 82], لَوْلَا أَنٌ مَنَّ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْنَا [Were it not for that God conferred favour upon us; i. e., for God's having conferred favour upon us]. (Mughnee.) It is also conjoined with an imperative; as in the phrase mentioned by Sb, كَتَبْتُ إِلَيهِ بِأَنة قُمٌ [I wrote to him, Stand; i. e. I wrote to him the command to stand]; which shows that AHei is wrong in asserting that whenever it is conjoined with an imperative it is an explicative [in the sense of أَيٌ], and that in this particular instance the ب may be redundant, which it cannot here be, because, whether redundant or not, it is not put immediately before anything but a noun or what may be rendered by a noun. (Mughnee.) b2: Secondly, it is a con-traction of أَنَّ; (Mughnee, K;) and occurs after a verb denoting certainty, or one used in a manner similar to that of such a verb: (Mughnee:) so in the saying [in the Kur lxxiii. 20], عَلِمَ أَنٌ سَيَكُونُ مِنْكُمٌ مَرْضَي [He knoweth that (the case will be this:) there will be among you some diseased; the affixed pronoun هُ, meaning اشَّأْنَ, being understood after أَنْ, which therefore stands for أَنَّهُ, i. e. أَنَّ الشَّأْنَ]: (Mughnee, K: *) and in the phrase, بَلَغَنِى أَنْ قَدْ كَانَ كَذَا وكَذَا [It has come to my knowledge, or been related to me, or been told to me, or it came to my knowledge, &c., that (the case is this:) such and such things have been]; a phrase of this kind, in which أَنْ occurs with a verb, not being approved without قَدْ, unless you say, بَلَغَنِى أَنَّهُ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا: (Lth, T:) [for] when the contracted أَنْ has for its predicate a verbal proposition, of which the verb is neither imperfectly inflected, like لَيْسَ and عَسَى, nor expressive of a prayer or an imprecation, it is separated from the verb, according to the more approved usage, by قَدْ, or the prefix سَ, or سَوْفَ, or a negative, as لَا &c., or لَوْ: (I 'Ak pp. 100 and 101:) but when its predicate is a nominal proposition, it requires not a separation; so that you say, CCC عَلِمْتُ أَنْ زِيْدٌ قَائِمٌ [I knew that (the case was this:) Zeyd was standing]; (I 'Ak p. 100;) and بَلَغَنِى أَنْ زَيدٌ خَارِجٌ [It has come to my knowledge, or been related to me, or been told to me, &c., that (the case is this:) Zeyd is going, or coming, out, or forth]; (TA;) except in the case of a negation, as in the saying in the Kur [xi. 17], وأَنْ لَا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ [And that (the case is this:) there is no deity but He]. (I 'Ak p. 100.) Thus used, it is originally triliteral, and is also what is termed مَصْدَرِيَّة; [عَلِمَ أَنْ, in the first of the exs. above, for instance, meaning عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ, i. e. عَلِمَ أَنَّ الشَّأْنَ, which is equivalent to عَلِمَ كَوْنَ الشَّأْنِ;] and governs the subject in the accus. case, and the predicate in the nom. case: and its subject must be a pronoun, suppressed, [as in the exs. given above, where it means الشَّأْنِ, and in a verse cited before, commencing أَنْ تَقْرَآنِ, accord. to A'boo-'Alee,] or expressed; the latter, accord. to the more correct opinion, being allowable only by poetic license: and its predicate must be a proposition, unless the subject is expressed, in which case it may be either a single word or a proposition; both of which kinds occur in the following saying [of a poet]: بِأَنْكَ رَبِيعٌ وغَيْثٌ مَرِيعٌ وَأَنْكَ هُنَاكَ تَكُونَ الثِّمَالَا [he is speaking of persons coming as guests to him whom he addresses, when their provisions are exhausted, and the horizon is dust-coloured, and the north wind is blowing, (as is shown by the citation of the verse immediately preceding, in the T,) and he says, They know that thou art like rain that produces spring-herbage, and like plenteous rain, and that thou, there, art the aider and the manager of the affairs of people]. (Mughnee. [In the T, for رَبِيعٌ, I find الَّربِيعُ; and for وَأَنْكَ, I there find وَقِدْمًا: but the reading in the Mughnee is that which is the more known.]) [J says,] أَنْ is sometimes a contraction of أَنَّ and does not govern [anything]: you say, بَلَغَنِى

أَنٌ زَيْدٌ خَارِجٌ [explained above]; and it is said in the Kur [vii. 41], وَنُودُوا أَنْ تِلْكُمُ الجَنَّةُ [and it shall be proclaimed to them that (the case is this:) that is Paradise]: (S:) [here, however, أَنة is regarded by some as an explicative, as will be seen below:] but in saying this, J means that it does not govern as to the letter; for virtually it does govern; its subject being meant to be understood; the virtual meaning being أَنَّهُ تِلْكُمُ الجَنَّةُ. (IB.) [In another place, J says,] You may make the contracted أَنْ to govern or not, as you please. (S.) Aboo-Tálib the Grammarian mentions an assertion that the Arabs make it to govern; as in the saying [of a poet, describing a beautiful bosom], كَأَنْ ثَذْيَيْهِ حُقَّانِ [As though its two breasts were two small round boxes]: but [the reading commonly known is كَأَنْ ثَدْيَاهُ حُقَّانِ (this latter reading is given in De Sacy's Anthol. Gram. Ar. p. 104 of the Ar. text; and both are given in the S;) كَأَنْ here meaning كَأَنَّهُ; and] Fr says, We have not heard the Arabs use the contracted form and make it to govern except with a pronoun, in which case the desinential syntax is not apparent. (T.) The author of the K says in the B that you say, عَلِمْتُ أَنْ زيْدًا لَمُنْطَلِقٌ [I knew that Zeyd was indeed going away], with ل when it is made to govern; and عَلِمْتُ أَنْ زَيْدٌ مُنْطَلِقٌ [I knew that (the case was this:) Zeyd was going away], without ل when it is made to have no government. (TA. [But in the latter ex. it governs the subject, which is understood, as in other exs. before given.]) [See an ex. in a verse ending with the phrase وَكَأَنْ قَدِ cited voce قَد, where كَأَنْ is for كَأَنَّهُ, meaning كَأَنَّ الشّأنَ, and a verb is understood after قد. and see also أَنَّ, below.]b2: Thirdly, it is an explicative, (Mughnee, K,) meaning أَيْ (S, M, and so in some copies of the K,) or [rather] used in the manner of أَيْ; (Mughnee, and so in some copies of the K;) [meaning قَائِلًا, or قَائِلِينَ; or يَقُولُ, or يَقُولُونَ; or some other form of the verb قَالَ; i. e. Saying ; &c.;] as in the saying [in the Kur xxiii. 27], فَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اصْنَعِ الْقُلْكَ [And we revealed, or spake by revelation, unto him, saying, Make thou the ark]; (Mughnee, K) and [in the Kur vii. 41,]وَنُودُوا أَنْ تِلْكُمُ الْجَنَّةُ [And it shall be proclaimed to them, being said, That is Paradise]; or in these two instances it may be regarded as what is termed مَصْدَرِيَّة, by supposing the preposition [بِ] understood before it, so that in the former instance it is the biliteral, because it is put before the imperative, and in the second it is the contraction of أَنَّ because it is put before a nominal proposition; (Mughnee;) and [in the Kur xxxviii. 5,] وَانْطَلَقَ الْمَلَأُ مِنْهُمْ أَنِ امْشُوا (S, M, Mughnee) i. e. [and the chief persons of them] broke forth, or launched forth, with their tongues, or in speech, [saying,] Go ye on, or continue ye, in your course of action &c. (Mughnee.) For this usage of أَنْ certain conditions are requisite : first, that it be preceded by a proposition : secondly, that it be followed by a proposition; so that you may not say, ذَكَرْتُ عَسْجَدًا أَنْ ذَهَبًا, but you must say أَىٌ in this case, or must omit the explicative : thirdly, that the preceding proposition convey the meaning of القَوْلُ, as in the exs. above; in the last of which, انطلق has the meaning assigned to it above; not that of walking or going away : fourthly, that there be not in the preceding proposition the letters of القَوْلُ; so that one may not say, قُلْتُ لَهُ أَنِ افْعَلْ; or, if there be in it those letters, that the word which they compose shall be interpreted by another word; as in the saying, in the Kur [v, 117], مَا قُلْتُ لَهُمْ إِلَّا مَا أَمَرْتَنِى بِهِ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللّٰهَ which may mean, as Z says, I have not commanded them [aught save that which Thou commandedst me, saying, Worship ye God]; (Mughnee;) in which instance Fr says that it is an explicative : (T :) fifthly, that there be not a preposition immediately before it; for if you say, كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِأَنِ افْعَلْ كَذَا, it is what is termed مَصْدَرِيَّة [as we have before shown]. (Mughnee.) When it may be regarded as an explicative and is followed by an aor. with لا as in أَشَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَل كَذَا, it may be marfooa, [namely, the aor. ,] on the supposition that لا is a negative ; or mejzoom, on the supposition that it is a prohibitive; and in both cases ان is an explicative ; [so that the meaning is, I made a sign to him, as though saying, Thou wilt not do such a thing, in the former case ; or, in the latter, Do not thou such a thing ;] or mansoob, on the supposition that لا is a negative and that ان is what is termed مَصْدَرِيَّة: but if لا is wanting, it may not be mejzoom, but may be marfooa [if we use ان as an explicative] or mansoob [if ان be what is termed مَصْدَرِيَّة]. (Mughnee.)b3: Fourthly, it is redundant, as a corroborative, (Mughnee, K,) like whatever else is redundant : and thus it is in four cases : one of these, which is the most common, being when it occurs after لَمَّا denoting time; [and this is mentioned in the M ; ] as in the saying [in the Kur xxix. 32], وَلمَّا أَنْ جَآءَ تْ رُسُلُنَا لُوطًا [And when our apostles came to Lot]: (Mughnee:) [or,] accord. to J, (TA,) it is sometimes a connective to لَمَّا; as in the saying in the Kur [xii. 96], فَلَمَّا أَنْ جَآءَ الْبَشِيرُ [And when that (like as we say, " now that,") the announcer of good tidings came] : and sometimes it is redundant ; as in the saying in the Kur [viii. 34], وَمَا لَهُمْ أَنْ لَا يُعَذِبَهُمُ اللّٰهُ [as though it might be rendered But what reason have they, God should not punish them?] : (S, TA:) but IB says that the connective is redundant ; and [that ان is not redundant in the latter instance, for] if it were redundant in this verse of the Kur it would not render the [aor.] verb mansoob. (TA. [The author of the Mughnee, like IB, disallows that ان is redundant in a case of this kind, which Kh asserts it to be ; and says that فِى is under-stood before it.]) The second case is when it occurs between لَوٌ and a verb signifying swearing, the latter being expressed; as in this verse: فَأُقْسِمُ أَنْ لَوِ الْتَقَيْنَا وَأَنْتُمُ لَكَانَ لَنَا يَوْمٌ مِنَ الشَّرِّ مُظْلِمُ

[And I swear, had we and you met, there had been to us a dark day of evil]: and when that verb is omitted; as in the following ex.: أَمَا وَاللّٰهِ أَنْ لَوْ كُنْتَ حُرِّا وَمَا بِالْحُِرِأَنْتَ وَلَا العَتِيقِ [Verily, or now surely, by God, if thou wert freeborn; but thou art not the freeborn nor the emancipated]: so say Sb and others: Ibn-'Os-foor holds it to be a particle employed to connect the complement of the oath with the oath; but this is rendered improbable by the fact that it is in most cases omitted, and such particles are not. (Mughnee.) The third case, which is extr., is when it occurs between the ك [of comparison] and the noun governed by it in the genitive case; as in the saying, وَيَوْمًا تُوَافِينَا بِوَجْهٍ مُقَسَّمٍ

كَأَنٌ ظَبْيَةٍ تَعْطُو إِلَى وَارِقِ السَّلَمْ [And on a day thou comest to us with a beautiful face, like a doe-gazelle raising her head towards the goodly green-leaved tree of the selem kind], accord. to the reading of him who makes طبيةْ to be governed in the genitive case [instead of the accus. or the nom.; for if we read it in the accus. or the nom., أَنْ is a contraction of أَنَّ; in the former case, ظبية being its subject, and its predicate being suppressed; and in the latter case, the meaning being كَأَنَّهَا ظَبْيَةٌ, so that the subject of ان is suppressed]. (Mughnee.) The fourth case is when it occurs after إِذَا; as in the following ex.: فَأُمْهلُهُ حَتَّى إذَا أَنْ كَأَنَّهُ مُعَاطِى يَدٍ فِي لُجَّةِ المَآءِ غَامِرُ [And I leave him alone until when he is as though he were a giver of a hand to be laid hold upon, in the fathomless deep of the water immerged]. (Mughnee.) b4: [Fifthly,] among other meanings which have been assigned to it, (Mughnee,) it has a conditional meaning, like إِنٌ: (Mughnee, K:) so the Koofees hold; and it seems to be most probably correct, for several reasons: first, because both these forms occur, accord. to different readings, in several instances, in one passage of the Kur; as in [ii. 282,] أَنْ تَضِلٌّ

إِحْدَاهُمَا [If one of them twain (namely, women,) err]; &c.: secondly, because [the prefix] فَ often occurs after it; as in a verse commencing with أَبَا خُرَاشَةَ [as cited voce أَمَّا, accord. to some who hold that أمَّا in that verse is a compound of the conditional أَنْ and the redundant مَا; and as in the Kur ii. 282, where the words quoted above are immediately followed by فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى]: thirdly, because it is conjoined with إِنٌ [which forms a part of the compound إِكَّا] in this ex.: إِمَّا أَقَمْتَ وَأَمَّا أَنْتَ مُرْتَحِلًا فَاللّٰهُ يَكْلَأُ مَا تَأْتِى وَمَا تَذَرُ [If thou remain, and if thou be going away (أَمَّا meaning أَنْ كُنْتَ, as syn. with إِنْ كُنْتَ), may God guard thee (يَكْلَأُ being marfooa because of the ف) as long as thou doest and as long as thou leavest undone]: thus related, with kesr to the former ان [in إِنَّا] and with fet-h to the latter [in أَمَّا]. (Mughnee.) b5: [Sixthly,] it is a negative, like إِنْ: (Mughnee, K:) so, as some say, in [the Kur iii. 66,] أَنع يُؤْتَى أَحَدٌ مِثْلَ مَا أُوتِيتُمْ [meaning accord. to them Not any one is given the like of that scripture which ye have been given]: but it is said [by others] that the meaning is, [taken with what precedes it,] And believe not ye that (بِأَنْ) any one is given the like of that scripture which ye have been given, except it be given to him who followeth your religion; and that the phrase “ say thou, Verily the direction is the direction of God,” is parenthetic. (Mughnee.) b6: [Seventhly,] it is syn. with إِذْ, (Az, T, Mughnee, K, [in Freytag's Lex., from the K, إِذْ قِيلَ, but قيل in the K relates to what there follows,]) as some say, in [the Kur l. 2,] بَلْ عَجِبُوا أَنٌ جَآءَهُمْ مُنْذِرٌمِنْهُمْ [Verily they wonder because a warner from among themselves hath come unto them]; (Mughnee, K;) and in other instances; but correctly, in all these instances, ان is what is termed مَصْدَرِيَّة, and لِ denoting cause is understood before it. (Mughnee.) [See also أَمَّا and إِمَّا.] b7: [Eighthly,] it is syn. with لِئَلّا, accord. to some, in [the Kur iv. last verse,] يُبَيِّنُ اللّٰهُأَنْ تَضِلُّوا [God explaineth to you (the ordinances of your religion, Jel), lest ye should err, or in order that ye may not err]; (Mughnee, K;) and in the saying, نَزَلْتُمْ مَنْزِلَ الأَضْيَافِ مِنَّا فَعَجَّلْنَا القِرَى أَنْ تَشْتِمُونَا [Ye became, or have become, in the condition of our guests; so we hastened, or have hastened, the entertainment, lest ye should revile us, or in order that ye should not revile us]: (Mughnee:) but correctly, in such a case [likewise], ان is what is termed مَصْدَرِيَّة, and the original wording is كَرَاهَةَ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا [from a motive of dislike that ye should err], (Mughnee, K,) and مَخَافَةَ أَنْ تَشْتِمُونَا [from a motive of fear that ye should revile us]: so say the Basrees: some say, extravagantly, that ل is meant to be understood before it, and الَّذِى after it. (Mughnee.) b8: [Ninthly,] it occurs in the sense of الَّذِى; as in the saying, زَيْدٌ أَعْقَلُ مِنٌ أَنْ يَكْذِب [Zeyd is more reasonable than he who lies; which is equivalent to saying, Zeyd is too reasonable to lie: but respecting its usage in a phrase of this kind, and respecting the form of the aor. after it in such a case, see مِنْ]. (Kull p. 78.) b9: By a peculiarity of pronunciation termed عَنْعَتَةٌ, the tribe of Temeem say عَنْ instead of أَنٌ. (M.) إِنٌ is used in various ways: first, as a conditional particle, (S, M, Msb, Mughnee, K,) denoting the happening of the second of two events in consequence of the happening of the first, (S, Msb, *) whether the second be immediate or deferred, and whether the condition be affirmative or negative; (Msb;) [and as such it is followed by a mejzoom aor., or by a pret. having the signification of an aor. ;] as in the saying, [إِنْ تَفْعَلٌ أفْعَلٌ If thou do such a thing, I will do it; and] إِنْ تَأْتِنِى آتِكَ [If thou come to me, I will come to thee]; and إِنٌ جِئْتَنِى أَكْرَمْتُكَ [If thou come to me, I will treat thee with honour]; (S;) and إِنْ فَعَلْتَ فَعَلْتُ [If thou do, I will do] for which the tribe of Teiyi say, as IJ relates on the authority of Ktr, هِنْ فَعَلْتَ فَعَلْتُ; (M;) and إِنْ دَخَلْت الدَّارَ أَوٌ [If thou stand, I will stand]; and إِنْ دَخَلْتِ الدَّارَ أَوْ لَمْ تَدْخُلِى الدَّارض فَأَنْتِ طَالقٌ [If thou enter the house, or if thou enter not the house, thou shalt be divorced]; (Msb;) and [in the Kur viii. 39,] إِنْ يَنْتَهُوا يُغْفَرٌ لَهُمْ مَا قَد سَلَفَ [If they desist, what hath already past shall be forgiven them]; and [in verse 19 of the same ch.,] وَإِنْ تَعُودُوا نَعُدْ [But if ye return to attacking the Apostle, we will return to assisting him]. (Mughnee, K.) [On the difference between it and إِذا, see the latter.] When either it or إِذَا is immediately followed by a noun in the nom. case, the said noun is governed in that case by a verb necessarily suppressed, of which it is the agent; as in the saying, in the Kur [ix. 6], وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ استَجَارَكَ; the complete phrase being وَإِنِ اسْتَجَارَكَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ [And if any one of the believers in a plurality of gods demand protection of thee, (if) he demand protection of thee]: so accord. to the generality of the grammarians. (I 'Ak p. 123.) Sometimes it is conjoined with the negative لَا, and the ignorant may imagine it to be the exceptive إِلَّا; as in [the saying in the Kur ix. 40,] إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَد نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ [If ye will not aid him, certainly God did aid him]; and [in the next preceding verse,] إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ [If ye will not go forth to war, He will punish you]. (Mughnee, K. *) It is sometimes used to denote one's feigning himself ignorant; as when you say to one who asks, “Is thy child in the house? ” and thou hast knowledge thereof, إِنْ كَانَ فِى الدَّارِ أَعْلَمْتُكَ بِهِ [If he be in the house, I will inform thee thereof]. (Msb.) And to denote one's putting the knowing in the predicament of the ignorant, in order to incite to the doing or continuing an action; as when you say, إِنٌ كُنْتَ ابُنِى فَأَطِعْنِى [If thou be my son, obey me]; as though you said, “Thou knowest that thou art my son, and it is incumbent on the son to obey the father, and thou art not obedient; therefore do what thou art commanded to do. ” (Msb.) And sometimes it is divested of the conditional meaning, and becomes syn. with لَو; as in the saying, صَلِّ وَإِنٌ عَجَزْتَ عَنِ القِيَام [Pray thou though thou be unable to stand;] i. e. pray thou whether thou be able to stand or unable to do so; and in the saying, أَكْرِمٌ زِيْدًا وَإِنْ قَعَدَ i. e. [Treat thou Zeyd with honour] though he be sitting; or, whether he sit or not. (Msb.) [إِمَّا as a compound of the conditional إِنٌ and the redundant مَا, see in an art. of which اما is the heading.] b2: [Secondly,] it is a negative, (S, Mughnee, K,) syn. with مَا; (S;) and is put before a nominal proposition; (Mughnee, K;) as in the saying [in the Kur lxvii. 20], إِنِ الْكَافِرُونَ

إِلَّا فِى غُرُورٍ [The unbelievers are not in aught save in a deception]; (S, Mughnee, K;) and before a verbal proposition; as in [the Kur ix. 108,] إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا الْحُسْنَى [We desired not, or meant not, aught save that which is best]. (Mughnee, K.) The assertion of some, that the negative إِنٌ does not occur except where it is followed by إِلَّا, as in the instances cited above, or by لَمَّا, with tesh-deed, which is syn. therewith, as, accord. to a reading of some of the Seven [Readers], in the saying [in the Kur lxxxvi. 4], إِنْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ لَمَّا عَلَيْهَا حَافِظٌ, i. e., مَا كُلُّ نَفْسٍ إِلَّا عَلَيْهَا حَافِظٌ [There is not any soul but over it is a guardian], is refuted by the sayings in the Kur [x. 69 and lxxii. 26], إِنْ عِندَكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ بِهٰذَا [meaning, accord. to the Jel., Ye have no proof of this that ye say], and إِنْ أَدْرِيأَقَرِيبٌ مَا تُوعَدُونَ [I know not whether that with which ye are threatened be nigh]. (Mughnee, K. *) The conditional and the negative both occur in the saying in the Kur [xxxv. 39], وَلَئِنْ زَالَتَا إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ [And I swear that, if they should quit their place, not any one should withhold them after Him]: the former is conditional; and the latter is negative, and is [part of] the complement of the oath which is denoted by the ل prefixed to the former; the complement of the condition being necessarily suppressed. (Mughnee.) When it is put before a nominal proposition, it has no government, accord. to Sb and Fr; but Ks and Mbr allow its governing in the manner of لَيْسَ; and Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr reads, [in the Kur vii. 193,] إِنِ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ عِبَادًا أَمْثَالَكُمٌ [Those whom ye invoke beside God, or others than God, are not men like you]: also, the people of El-'Áliyeh have been heard to say, إِنٌ أَحَدٌ خَيْرًامِنْ أَحدٍ إِلَّا بِالعَافِيَةِ [Any one is not better than any other one, except by means of health, or soundness]; and إِنْ ذٰلِكَ نَافِعَكَ وَلَا ضَارَّكَ [That is not profitable to thee nor injurious to thee]: as an ex. of its occurrence without government, which is mostly the case, the saying of some, قَائمٌ ↓ إِنَّ may be explained as originally إِنٌ أَنَا قَائِمٌ [I am not standing]; the أ of أَنَا being elided for no reason in itself, and the ن of إِنٌ being incorporated into the ن of أَنَا, and the ا of this latter being elided in its conjunction with the following word; but إِنَّ قَائِمًا has also been heard. (Mughnee.) Sometimes it occurs [as a negative] in the complement of an oath: you say, وَاللّٰهِ إِنٌ فَعَلْتُ, meaning مَا فَعَلْتُ [By God, I did not]. (S.) b3: [Thirdly,] it is a contraction of إِنَّ, and is put before a nominal and before a verbal proposition. (Mughnee, K.) In the former case, it is made to govern and is made to have no government: (S, * K:) [i. e.] in this case, it is allowable to make it govern; contr. to the opinion of the Koofees: (Mughnee:) Lth says that he who uses the contracted form of إِنَّ uses the nom. case with it, except that some of the people of El-Hijáz use the accus. case with it: (T:) thus it is said, accord. to one reading, [in the Kur xi. 113,] إِنْ كُلَّا لَمَا لَيُوَفِّيَنَّهُمٌ رَبُّكَ أَعْمَالَهُمٌ [Verily all of them, thy Lord will indeed fully render them the recompense of their works]: (T, Mughnee:) Fr says, We have not heard the Arabs use the contracted form and make it to govern, unless with a pronoun, in which case the desinential syntax is not apparent; and he adds that in the instance cited above, they make كُلّا to be governed in the accus. case by ليوفّينّهم; as though the phrase were لَيُوَفِّيَنَّهُمْ كُلَّا; and that كُلُّ would be proper; for you say, إِنْ زَيْدٌ لَقَائِمٌ [Verily Zeyd is standing]: (T:) the ex. given by Sb is, إِنْ عَمْرًا لَمُنطَلِقٌ [Verily 'Amr is going away]. (Mughnee.) But it is [most] frequently made to have no government; as in the saying [in the Kur xliii. 34 accord. to one reading], وَإِنْ كُلُّ ذٰلِكَ لَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا [And verily all that is the furniture of the present life]; and, accord. to the reading of Hafs, [and of 'Ásim and Kh, in the Kur xx. 66, respecting which see إِنَّ,] إِنْ هٰذَانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ [Verily these two are enchanters]; &c. (Mughnee.) When it is put before a verbal proposition, it is necessarily made to have no government: (Mughnee, K:) and in most cases the verb is a preterite and of the kind called نَاسِخ [which effects a change of the grammatical form or of the meaning in a nominal proposition before which it is placed]; as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 138], وَإِنْ كَانَتٌ لَكَبِيرَةً [And verily it was a great matter]; and [in the Kur xvii. 75,] وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَفْتِنُونَكَ [And verily they were near to seducing thee]; (Mughnee;) in which last ex. Az says, it means لَقَدْ, i. e. without doubt; and so in the same ch. vv. 78 and 108: (T:) less frequently it is an aor. of a verb of this kind; as in the saying [in the Kur xxvi. 186], وَإِنْ نَظُنُّكَ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبينَ [And verily we think thee to be of the number of the liars]: and both these kinds of expression may be taken as exs. to be imitated: less frequently than this it is a preterite of a verb not of the kind termed نَسخ; as in the saying [of a poet], شَلَّتٌ يَمِينُكَ إِنٌ قَتَلْتَ لَمُسْلِمًا [May thy right arm, or hand, dry up, or become unsound! verily thou hast slain a Muslim]; but this may not be taken as an ex. to be imitated; contr. to the opinion of Akh; for he allows the phrase, إِنْ قِامَ لَأَنَا [Verily I stood], and إِنٌ قَعَدَ لأَنْتَ [Verily thou sattest]: and less frequently than this it is an aor. of a verb not of the kind termed ناسخ; as in the saying, إِنْ يَزِينُكَ لَنَفْسُكَ وَإِنٌ يَشِينُكَ لَهِيَهٌ [Verily thy soul is that which beautifies thee, and it is that which deforms thee]; and this, by common consent, may not be taken as an ex. to be imitated. (Mughnee.) Wherever you find إِنٌ with لَ after it, decide that it is originally إِنَّ; (Mughnee, K;) as in the exs. above: but respecting this ل there is a difference of opinion: see this letter. (Mughnee.) J says, (TA,) إِنٌ is sometimes a contraction of إِنَّ, and this must have ل put before its predicate, to compensate for what is elided, of the doubled letter; as in the saying in the Kur [lxxxvi. 4, accord. to him who reads لَمَا instead of لَمَّا], إِنْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ لَمَا عَلَيْهَا حَافِظٌ [Verily every soul hath over it a guardian]; and in the saying, إِنٌ زَيدٌ لَأَخُوكَ [Verily Zeyd is thy brother]; in order that it may not be confounded with إِنٌ which is syn. with the negative مَا: (S, TA:) but IB says, ل is here introduced to distinguish between negation and affirmation, and this إِنْ has neither subject nor predicate; so J's saying that the ل is put before its predicate is without meaning: and this ل is sometimes introduced with the objective complement of a verb; as in إِنْ ضَرَبْتُ لَزَيْدًا [Verily I struck, or beat, Zeyd]; and with the agent; as in إِنْ قَامَ لَزَيْدٌ [Verily Zeyd stood]. (TA.) When the contracted إِنْ governs, this ل is not necessary; so you may say, إِنْ زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ [Verily Zeyd is standing]; because in this case it cannot be confounded with the negative; for the negative does not render the subject mansoob and the predicate marfooa: and when it does not govern, if the meaning is apparent, the ل is not needed; as in وَنَحْنُ أُبَاةُ الضَّيْمِ مِنْ آلِ مَالِكٍ

وَإِنْ مَالِكٌ كَانَتْ كِرَامَ المَعَادِنِ [And we are persons who refuse to submit to injury, of the family of Málik: and verily the family of Málik are generous in respect of their origins]; كَانَتْ being here for لَكَانَتٌ. (I 'Ak p. 99.) b4: [Fourthly,] it is redundant, (S, Mughnee, K,) occurring with مَا; as in the saying, مَا إِنْ يَقُومُ زَيْدٌ [Zeyd does not stand]; (S;) and in the saying [of a poet], كَا إِنْ أَتَيْتَ بِشْىءٍ أَنْتَ تَكْرَهُهُ [Thou didst not a thing which thou dislikest]. (Mughnee, K: in the CK اَتْتُ.) It is mostly thus used after the negative ما, when put before a verbal proposition; as above; or before a nominal proposition; as in the saying, مَنَايَانَا وَدَوْلَةُ آخَرِينَا وَمَا إِنْ طِبُّنَا جبُنٌ ولٰكِنٌ [And our habit is not cowardice; but our destinies and the good fortune of others caused our being defeated]: and in this case it prevents the government of ما, as in this verse: but in the saying, بَنِى غُدَانَةَ مَا إِنْ أَنْتُمُ ذَهَبًا وَلَا صَرِيفًا وَلٰكِنٌ أَنْتُمُ الخَزَفُ [Sons of Ghudáneh, ye are not indeed gold, nor silver, or pure silver, but ye are pottery], accord. to him who relates it thus, saying ذهبًا and صريفًا, in the accus. case, it is explained as a negative, corroborative of ما: (Mughnee:) and accord. to J, (TA,) the negatives مَا and إِنٌ are sometimes thus combined for corroboration; as in the saying of the rájiz, (El-Aghlab El-'Ijlee, TA,) أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ قِرَةً وَقَارَا مَا إِنٌ رَأَيْنَا مَلِكَّا أَغَارَا [We have not indeed seen a king who has made a hostile incursion possessing more numerous sheep, or goats, and camels, than he]; (S, TA;) but IB says that ان is here redundant, not a negative. (TA.) Sometimes it is redundant after the conjunct noun مَا; as in the saying, يُرَجِىّ المَرْإُ مَا إِنٌ لَا يَرَاهُ وَتَعْرِضُ دُونَ أَدْنَاهُ الخُطُوبُ [Man hopes for that which he will not see; for calamities intervene as obstacles in the way to what is nearest thereof]. (Mughnee.) And after the مَا termed مَصْدَرِيَّة, (Mughnee,) [i. e.,] after the adverbial مَا [which is of the kind termed مصدريّة]; (TA;) as in the saying (of Maaloot El-Kurey'ee, cited by Sb, TA), وَرَجِّ الفَتَى لِلْخَيْرِ مَا إِنْ رَأَيْتَهُ عَلَي السِّنِّ خَيْرًا لَايَزَالُ يَزِيدُ [And hope thou that the youth is destined for good as long as thou hast seen him not ceasing to increase in good with age]. (Mughnee.) and after the inceptive أَلَا; as in the saying, أَلَا إِنْ سَرَى لَيْلِى فبِتُّ كَئِيبَا

أُحَاذِرُ أَنْ تَنْأَى النَّوَى بِغَضُوبَا [Now he journeyed on, or during, that my night, and I passed the night in an evil state, broken in spirit by grief, being fearful that the distance to which he was going with Ghadoob (a woman so named) would become far]. (Mughnee.) and before the meddeh denoting disapproval: [for] Sb heard a man, on its being said to him, “Wilt thou go forth if the desert become plentiful in herbage? ” reply, أَأَنَا إِنِيهٌ [What, I, indeed?] disapproving that he should think otherwise than that. (Mughnee. [See also art. انى.]) b5: [Fifthly,] it is syn. with قَدْ: so it is said to be in the saying [in the Kur lxxxvii. 9], إِنْ نَفَعَتِ الذِّكْرَى

[Admonition hath profited], (T, Mughnee, K,) by IAar (T) and by Ktr: (Mughnee:) and Abu-l-' Abbás relates that the Arabs say, إِنٌ نَفَعَتِ الذِّكْرَى

meaning قَدْ قَامَ زَيْدٌ [Zeyd has stood]; and he adds, that Ks states his having heard them say so, and having thought that it expressed a condition, but that he asked them, and they answered that they meant قَدْ قَامَ زَيْدٌ, and not مَا قَامَ زَيْدٌ. (T.) [So too, accord. to the K, in all the exs. cited in the next sentence as from the Mughnee; but this is evidently a mistake, occasioned by an accidental omission.] b6: [Sixthly,] it is asserted also by the Koofees, that it is syn. with إِذْ, in the following exs.: in the Kur [v. 62], وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ إِنٌ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ [And fear ye God, because ye are believers: and so, accord. to Az, as is said in the T, in a similar instance in the Kur ii. 278: and in the same, iv. 62]: and [in the Kur xlviii. 27,] لَتَدْ خُلُنَّ المَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ إِنْ شَآءَ آمِنِينَ [Ye shall assuredly enter the sacred mosque, because God hath willed, in security]: and in like instances, when the verb therein expresses what is held sure to happen or to have happened: and in the saying, أَتَغْضَبُ إِنٌ أُدْنَا قُتَيْبَةَ حُزَّتَا جِهَارًا وَلَمْ تَغْضَبْ لِقَتْلِ ابْنِ حَازِمِ [Art thou angry because the ears of Kuteybeh have been cut, openly, or publicly, and wast not angry for the slaughter of Ibn-Házim?]: (Mughnee:) but in all these instances [it is sufficiently obvious that] ان may be otherwise explained. (Mughnee, K.) b7: [Seventhly,] it is sometimes syn. with إِذَا; as in the Kur [ix. 23], لَا تَتَّخِذُوا

آبَآءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ إِنِ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْكُفْرَعَلَى

الْإِيمَانِ [Take not ye your fathers and your brethren as friends when they love unbelief above belief]; and in the same [xxxiii. 49], وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً

إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِىّ [And a believing woman when she giveth herself to the Prophet]: so says Az. (T.) b8: [Eighthly,] it is used for إِمَّا, (Mughnee and K, voce إِمَّا,) distinct from إِمَّا which is a compound of the conditional إِنٌ and the redundant مَا. (Mughnee ibid.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce إِمَّا in the present work, commencing with the words سَقَتْهُ الرَّوَاعِدُ.]

أَنَ: see أَنْ, in four places.

أَنَّ is one of the particles which annul the quality of the inchoative; and is originally إِنَّ; therefore Sb has not mentioned it among those particles [as distinct from إِنَّ, from which, however, it is distinguished in meaning]: (I 'Ak p. 90:) it is a corroborative particle; (I 'Ak, Mughnee;) a particle governing the subject in the accus. case and the predicate in the nom. case, (S, I 'Ak, Mughnee, K,) combining with what follows it to form an equivalent to an inf. n., (S,) [for,] accord. to the most correct opinion, it is a conjunct particle, which, together with its two objects of government, is explained by means of an inf. n. (Mughnee.) If the predicate is derived, the inf. n. by means of which it is explained is of the same radical letters; so that the implied meaning of بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تَنْطَلِقُ [It has come to my knowledge, or been related to me, or been told to me, or it came to my knowledge, &c., that thou goest away], or أَنَّكَ مُنْطَلِقٌ [that thou art going away], is بَلَغَنِي الاِنْطِلَاقُ [or rather انْطِلَاقُكَ thy going away has come to my knowledge, &c.]; and hence, the implied meaning of بَلَغَنِى أَنَّكَ فِي الدَّارِ [It has come to my knowledge, &c., that thou art in the house] is بَلَغَنِى اسْتِقْرَارُكَ فِي الدَّارِ [thy remaining in the house has come to my knowledge, &c.], because thea predicate is properly a word suppressed from اِستَقَرَّ or مُسْتَقِرٌّ: and if the predicate is underived, the implied meaning is explained by the word كَوْنِ; so that the implied meaning of بَلَغَنِى أَنَّ هٰذا زَيْدٌ [It has come to my knowledge, &c., that this is Zeyd] is بَلَغَنِى

كَوْنُهُ زَيْدًا [his being Zeyd has come to my knowledge, &c.]; for the relation of every predicate expressed by an underived word to its subject may be denoted by a word signifying “ being; ”

so that you say, هٰذَا زَيْدٌ and, if you will, هٰذَا كَائِنٌ زَيْدًا; both signifying the same. (Mughnee.) There are cases in which either أَنَّ or إِنَّ may be used: [see the latter, in twelve places:] other cases in which only the former may be used: and others in which only the latter. (I 'Ak p. 91.) The former only may be used when the implied meaning is to be explained by an inf. n. (I 'Ak, K.) Such is the case when it occurs in the place of a noun governed by a verb in the nom. case; as in يُعْجِبُنِى أَنَّكَ قَائِمٌ [It pleases me that thou art standing], i. e. قِيَامُكَ [thy standing pleases me]: or in the place of a noun governed by a verb in the accus. case; as in عَرَفْتُ أَتَّكَ قَائِمٌ [I knew that thou wast standing], i. e. قِيَامَكَ [thy standing]: or in the place of a noun governed in the gen. case by a particle; as in عَجِبْتُ مِنْ أَنَّكَ قَائِمٌ [I wondered that thou wast standing], i. e. مِنْ قِيَامكَ [at, or by reason of, thy standing]: (I 'Ak p. 91:) [and sometimes a preposition is understood; as in لَا شَكَّ أَنَّهُ كَذَا, for لَا شَكَّ فِى أَنَّهُ كَذَا There is no doubt that it is thus, i. e. لَا شّكَّ فِى كَوْنِهِ كَذَا There is no doubt of its being thus:] and أَنَّ must be used after لَوْ; as in لَوْ أَنَّكَ قَائِمٌ لَقُمْتُ [If that thou wert standing, I had stood, or would have stood, i. e. لَوْ ثَبَتَ قِيَامُكَ, or لَوْ قِيَامُكَ ثَابِتٌ, accord. to different opinions, both meaning if thy standing were a fact: see I 'Ak pp. 305 and 306]. (K.) Sometimes its أ is changed into ع; so that you say, عَلِمْتُ عَنَّكَ مُنْطَلِقٌ [meaning I knew that thou wast going away]. (M.) b2: With ك prefixed to it, it is a particle of comparison, (S, * M, TA,) [still] governing the subject in the accus. case and the predicate in the nom. case: (TA:) you say, كَأَنَّ زَيْدًا عَمْرٌو [It is as though Zeyd were 'Amr], meaning that Zeyd is like 'Amr; as though you said, إِنَّ زَيْدًا كَائِنٌ كَعَمْرٍو [verily, Zeyd is like 'Amr]: [it is to be accounted for by an ellipsis: or] the ك is taken away from the middle of this proposition, and put at its commencement, and then the kesreh of إِنَّ necessarily becomes changed to a fet-hah, because إِنَّ cannot be preceded by a preposition, for it never occurs but at the commencement [of a proposition]. (IJ, M.) Sometimes, كَأَنَّ denotes denial; as in the saying, كَأَنَّكَ أَمِيرُنَا فَتَأْمُرَنَا [As though thou wert our commander so that thou shouldst command us], meaning thou art not our commander [that thou shouldst command us]. (TA.) It also denotes wishing; as in the saying, كَأْنَّكَ بِي قَدْ قُلْتُ الشِّعْرَ فَأُجِيدَهُ, meaning Would that I had poetized, or versified, so that I might do it well: (TA:) [an elliptical form of speech, of which the implied meaning seems to be, would that I were as though thou sawest me that I had poetized, &c.; or the like: for] you say [also], كَأَنِّى بِكَ meaning كَأَنِّى أَبْصُرُ بِكَ [It is as though I saw thee]; i. e. I know from what I witness of thy condition to-day how thy condition will be tomorrow; so that it is as though I saw thee in that condition: (Har p. 126: [see also بِ; near the end of the paragraph:]) [thus,] كَأَنَّ also denotes knowing; and also thinking; [the former as in the saying immediately preceding, and] as when you say, كَأَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَآءُ [I know, or rather it appears, as though seen, that God does what He wills]; and [the latter as when you say,] كَأَنَّكَ خَارِجٌ [I think, or rather it seems, that Thou art going forth]. (TA.) b3: [When it has The affixed pronoun of the first person, sing. Or Pl., you say, أَنِّى and أَنَّنِى, and أَنَّا and أَنَّنَا: and When it has also the ك of comparison prefixed to It,] you say, كَأَنِّى and كَأَنَّنِى, [and كَأَنَّا and كَأَنَّنَا,] like as you say, لٰكِنِّى and لٰكِنَّنِى [&c.]. (S.) b4: As أَنَّ is a derivative from إِنَّ, it is correctly asserted by Z that أَنَّمَا imports restriction, like ↓ إِنَّمَا; both of which occur in the saying in the Kur [xxi. 108], يُوحَى إِلَىَّ أَنَّمَا ↓ قُلْ إِنَّمَا

إِلٰهُكُمْ إِلٰهً وَاحِدٌ [Say thou, It is only revealed to me that your God is only one God]: the former is for the restricting of the quality to the qualified; and the latter, for the reverse: (Mughnee, K:) i. e. the former is for the restricting of the revelation to the declaration of the unity; and the latter, for the restricting of “ your God ” to unity: (Marginal note in a copy of the Mughnee:) but these words of the Kur do not imply that nothing save the unity was revealed to the Prophet; for the restriction is limited to the case of the discourse with the believers in a plurality of gods; so that the meaning is, there has not been revealed to me [aught], respecting the godhead, except the unity; not the attribution of any associate to God. (Mughnee.) [أَنَّمَا, however, does not always import restriction; nor does always even ↓ إِنَّمَا: in each of these, ما is what is termed كَافَّةٌ; i. e., it restricts the particle to which it is affixed from exercising any government; and sometimes has no effect upon the signification of that particle: (see art. مَا; and see إِنَّمَا, below, voce إِنَّ:) thus, for instance, in the Kur viii. 28, وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا

أَمْوَالُكُمْ فِتْنَةً means And know ye that your possessions and your children are a trial; not that they are only a trial. When it has the ك of comparison prefixed to it, it is sometimes contracted; as in the following ex.:] a poet says, كَأَمَّا يَخْتَطِينَ عَشلَى قَتَادٍ

وَيَسْتَضْحِكْنَ عَنْ حَبِّ الغَمَامِ [As though, by reason of their mincing gait, they were walking upon tragacanthas; and they were laughing so as to discover teeth like hailstones: كَأَمَّا being for كَأَنَّمَا. (IAar.) b5: أَنَّ is someTimes contracted into أَنْ; (S, Mughnee;) and in This case, it governs in the manner already exPlained, voce أَنْ. (Mughnee.) b6: It is also syn. with لَعَلَّ; (Sb, S, M, Mughnee, K;) as in the saying, اِيتِ السُّوقَ أَنَّكَ تَشْتَرِى لَنَا شَيْئًا [Come thou to the market; may-be thou wilt buy for us something; اِيتِ being originally اِئْتِ]; i. e. لَعَلَّكَ: (Sb, M, Mughnee, K: *) and, accord. to some, (M, Mughnee, K,) so in the Kur [vi. 109], where it is said, وَمَا يُشْعِرُكُمْ أَنَّهَا إِذَا جَآءَتْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ [And what maketh you to know? (meaning, maketh you to know that they will believe when it cometh? i. e. ye do not know that: Jel:) Maybe, when it cometh, they will not believe]: (S, M, Mughnee, K:) thus accord. to this reading: (Mughnee, K:) and Ubeí here reads لَعَلَّهَا. (S.) أَنَّ and لَأَنَّ and لَوْ أَنَّ are all syn. with عَلَّ and لَعَلَّ; and أَنِّى and أَنَّنِى, and لَأَنِّى and لأَنَّنِى, and لُوْ أَنِّى and لَوْ أَنِّنِى, with عَلِّى and لَعَلِّى. (K voce لَعَلَّ.) b7: It is also syn. with أَجَلْ [Yes, or yea; or it is as thou sayest]. (M, TA.) [See also إِنَّ as exemplified by a verse commencing with وَيَقُلْنَ and by a saying of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr.]

إِنَّ is one of the particles which annul the quality of the inchoative, like أَنَّ, of which it is the original: (I 'Ak p. 90:) it is a corroborative particle, (I 'Ak, Mughnee,) corroborating the predicate; (S, K;) governing the subject in the accus. case and the predicate in the nom. case; (S, I 'Ak, Mughnee, K;) [and may generally be rendered by Verily, or certainly, or the like; exactly agreeing with the Greek ὃτι, as used in Luke vii. 16 and in many other passages in the New Testament; though it often seems to be nothing more than a sign of inception, which can hardly be rendered at all in English; unless in pronunciation, by laying a stress upon the predicate, or upon the copula;] as in the saying, إِنَّ زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ [Verily, or certainly, Zeyd is standing; or simply, Zeyd is standing, if we lay a stress upon standing, or upon is]. (I 'Ak p. 90.) But sometimes it governs both the subject and the predicate in the accus. case; as in the saying, إِذَا اشْتَدَّ جُنْحُ اللَّيْلِ فَلْتَأْتِ وَلْتَكُنٌ خُطَاكَ خِفَافًا إِنَّ حُرَّاسَنَا أُسْدَا [When the darkness of night becomes, or shall become, intense, then do thou come, and let thy steps be light: verily our guardians are lions]; (Mughnee, K; [but in the latter, for اشْتَدَّ, we find اسْوَدَّ, so that the meaning is, when the first portion of the night becomes, or shall become, black, &c.;]) and as in a trad. in which it is said, انَّ قَعْرَ جَهَنَّمَ سَبْعِــينَ خَرِيفًا [Verily the bottom of Hell is a distance of seventy years of journeying]: (Mughnee, K:) the verse, however, is explained by the supposition that it presents a denotative of state [in the last word, which is equivalent to شِجْعَانًا or the like], and that the predicate is suppressed, the meaning being, تَلْقَاهُمْ أُسْدًا [thou wilt find them lions]; and the trad. by the supposition that قَعْرَ is an inf. n., and سَبْعِــينَ is an adverbial noun, so that the meaning is, the reaching the bottom of hell is [to be accomplished in no less time than] in seventy years. (Mughnee.) And sometimes the inchoative [of a proposition] after it is in the nom. case, and its subject is what is termed ضَمِيرُ شَأْنٍ, suppressed; as in the saying of Mohammad, إِنَّ مِنْ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ عَذَابًا يَوْمَ القِيٰمَةِ المُصَوِّرُونَ [Verily, (the case is this:) of the men most severely to be punished, on the day of resurrection, are the makers of images], originally إِنَّهُ, i. e. إِنَّ الشَّأْنَ; (Mughnee, K; *) and as in the saying in the Kur [xx. 66], إِنَّ هٰذَانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ, [accord. to some,] as will be seen in what follows. (TA.) b2: Of the two particles إِنَّ and ↓ أَنَّ, in certain cases only the former may be used; and in certain other cases either of them may be used. (I' Ak p. 91.) The former must be used when it occurs inceptively, (Kh, T, I' Ak p. 92, Mughnee, K,) having nothing before it upon which it is syntactically dependent, (Kh, T,) with respect to the wording or the meaning; (K;) as in إِنَّ زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ [Verily Zeyd is standing]. (I' Ak, K.) It is used after أَلَا, (I' Ak, K,) the inceptive particle, (I' Ak,) or the particle which is employed to give notice [of something about to be said]; (K;) as in أَلَا إِنَّ زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ [Now surely Zeyd is standing]. (I' Ak K.) And when it occurs at the commencement of the complement of a conjunct noun; (I' Ak, K; *) as in جَآءَ الَّذِى إِنَّهُ قَائِمٌ [He who is standing came]; (I' Ak;) and in the Kur [xxviii. 76], وَآتَيْنَاهُ مِنَ الْكُنُورِ مَا إِنَّ مَفَاتِحَهُ لَتَنُوْءُ بِالْعُصْبَةِ أُولِى

القُوَّةِ [And we gave him, of treasures, that whereof the keys would weigh down the company of men possessed of strength]. (I' Ak, * K, * TA.) And in the complement of an oath, (I' Ak, K,) when its predicate has لَ, (I' Ak,) or whether its subject or its predicate has لَ or has it not; (K;) as in وَاللّٰهِ إِنَّ زَيْدًا لَقَائِمٌ [By Allah, verily Zeyd is standing], (I' Ak,) and إِنَّهُ قَائِمٌ: or, as some say, when you do not employ the ل, the particle is with fet-h; as in قَائِمٌ ↓ وَاللّٰهِ أَنَّكَ [I swear by Allah that thou art standing]; mentioned by Ks as thus heard by him from the Arabs: (TA:) but respecting this case we shall have to speak hereafter. (I' Ak.) And when it occurs after the word قَوْلٌ or a derivative thereof, in repeating the saying to which that word relates; (Fr, T, I' Ak, * K; *) as in the saying [in the Kur iv. 156], وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ [And their saying, Verily we have slain the Messiah]; (Fr, T;) and قُلْتُ

إِنَّ زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ [I said, Verily Zeyd is standing]; (I' Ak;) and [in the Kur v. 115,] قَالَ اللّٰهُ إِنّى

مُنّزِّلُهَا عَلَيْكُمْ [God said, Verily I will cause it to descend unto you]; accord. to the dial. of him who does not pronounce it with fet-h: (K:) but when it occurs in explaining what is said, you use ↓ أَنَّ; as in the saying, قَدْ قُلْتُ لَكَ كَلَامًا حَسَنًا

أَنَّ أَبَاكَ شَرِيفٌ وَأَنَّكَ عَاقِلٌ [I have said to thee a good saying; that thy father is noble and that thou art intelligent]; (Fr, T;) or when the word signifying “ saying ” is used as meaning “ thinking; ” as in أَتَقُولُ أَنَّ زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ [Dost thou say that Zeyd is standing?], meaning أَتَظُنُّ [Dost thou think?]. (I' Ak.) Also, when it occurs in a phrase denotative of state; (I' Ak;) [i. e.,] after the و denotative of state; (K;) as in زُرْتُهُ وَإِنِّى

ذُوأَمَلٍ [I visited him, I verily having hope, or expectation]; (I' Ak;) and in جَآءَ زِيْدٌ وَ إِنَّ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ [Zeyd came, he verily having his hand upon his head]. (K.) And when it occurs in a phrase which is the predicate of a proper (as opposed to an ideal) substantive; (I' Ak, K; *) as in زَيْدٌ إِنَّهُ قَائِمٌ [Zeyd, verily he is standing], (I' Ak,) or ذَاهِبٌ [going away]; contr. to the assertion of Fr. (K.) And when it occurs before the ل which suspends the grammatical government of a verb of the mind, preceding it, with respect to its objective complements; (I' Ak, K; *) as in عَلِمْتُ إِنَّ زَيْدًا لَقَائِمٌ [I knew Zeyd verily was standing]; (I' Ak;) and in [the Kur lxiii. 1,] وَاللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُهُ [And God knoweth thou verily art his apostle]: (K:) but if the ل is not in its predicate, you say, ↓ أَنَّ; as in عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ [I knew that Zeyd was standing]. (I' Ak.) And in the like of the saying in the Kur [ii. 171], وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِى الْكِتَابِ لَفِى شَقَاقٍ

بَعِيدٍ [And verily they who differ among themselves respecting the book are in an opposition remote from the truth]; because of the ل [of inception] which occurs after it, in لَفِى: (Ks, A 'Obeyd:) the ل of inception which occurs before the predicate of إِنَّ should properly commence the sentence; so that إِنَّ زَيْدًا لَقَائِمٌ [Verily Zeyd is standing] should properly be لَإِنَّ زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ; but as the ل is a corroborative and إِنَّ is a corroborative, they dislike putting two particles of the same meaning together, and therefore they put the ل later, transferring it to the predicate: Mbr allows its being put before the predicate of ↓ أَنَّ; and thus it occurs in an unusual reading of the saying [in the Kur xxv. 22], إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ لَيَأْكُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ [But they ate food]; but this is explained by the supposition that the ل is here redundant: (I' Ak p. 95:) this is the reading of Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr: others read, إِلَّا إِنَّهُمْ لَيَأْكُلُنَ الطَّعَامَ [but verily they ate food]: and إِنَّ [as well as ↓ أَنَّ] is used after the exceptive إِلَّا when it is not followed by the ل [of inception]. (TA.) Also, When it occurs after حَيْثُ; as in اِجْلِسْ حَيْثُ إِنَّ زَيْدًا جَالِسٌ [Sit thou where Zeyd is sitting]. (I' Ak p. 92, and k) And after حَتَّى; as in مَرِضَ زَيْدٌ حَتَّى إِنَّهُمْ لَا يَرْجُونَهُ [Zeyd has fallen sick, so that verily they have no hope for him: whereas after a particle governing the gen. case, [i. e. a preposition,] you say, ↓ أَنَّ. (IHsh in De Sacy's Anthol. Gr. Ar. P. 76.) b3: Either of these two forms may be used after إِذَا denoting a thing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly; as in خَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا إِنَّ زَيْدًاقَائِمٌ [I went forth, and lo, verily Zeyd was standing], and زَيْدًا قَائِمٌ ↓ فَإِذَا أَنَّ [and lo, or at that present time, Zeyd's standing]; in which latter case, أَنَّ with its complement is [properly] an inchoative, and its enunciative is إِذَا; the implied meaning being, and at that present time was the standing of Zeyd: or it may be that the enunciative is suppressed, and that the implied meaning is, [and lo, or at that present time,] the standing of Zeyd was an event come to pass. (I' Ak p. 93.) Also, when occurring in the complement of an oath, if its enunciative is without ل: (I' Ak:) [see exs. given above:] or, as some say, only ↓ أَنَّ is used in this case. (TA.) Also, when occurring after فَ denoting the complement of a condition; as in مَنْ يَأْتِنِى فَإِنَّهُ مُكْرَمٌ [He who cometh to me, verily he shall be treated with honour], and مُكْرَمٌ ↓ أَنَّهُ; in which latter case, أَنَّ with its complement is an inchoative, and the enunciative is suppressed; the implied meaning being, honourable treatment of him shall be an event come to pass: or it may be an enunciative to an inchoative suppressed; the implied meaning being, his recompense shall be honourable treatment. (I' Ak p. 94.) Also, when occurring after an inchoative having the meaning of a saying, its enunciative being a saying, and the sayer being one; as in خَيْرُ القَوْلِ إِنّى أَحْمَدُ [The best saying is, Verily I praise God], and أَحْمَدُ ↓ أَنِّى; in which latter case, أَنَّ with its complement is an enunciative of خَيْرُ; the implied meaning being, the best saying is the praising of God [or my praising of God]. (I' Ak ubi suprà.) You also say, لَبَّيْكَ إِنَّ الحَمْدَلَكَ [At thy service !

Verily praise belongeth to Thee! O God]; commencing [with إِنَّ] a new proposition: and sometimes one says, ↓ أَنَّ; meaning بِأَنَّ الحَمْدَ لَكَ [because praise belongeth to Thee]. (Msb.) b4: The cases in which إِن may not be used in the place of أَنَّ have been mentioned above, voce أَنَّ. b5: [When it has the affixed pronoun of the first person, sing. or pl.,] you say, إِنِّى and إِنَّنِى, (S,) and إِنَّا and إِنَّنَا, (TA,) like as you say لٰكِنِّى and لٰكِنِّنِى [&c.]. (S.) إِنَّ as a contraction of إِنَّ أَنَا has been mentioned above, as occurring in the phrase إِنَّ قَائِمٌ, voce إِنْ, q. v. b6: Accord. to the grammarians, (T,) إِنَّمَا is a compound of إِنَّ and مَا, (T, S,) which latter prevents the former's having any government: (T:) it imports restriction; like أَنَّمَا, which see above, voce أَنَّ, in three places: (Mughnee, K:) [i. e.] it imports the restriction of that which it precedes to that which follows it; as in إِنَّمَا زَيْدٌ مُنْطَلِقٌ [Zeyd is only going away], and إِنَّمَا يَنْطَلِقُ زَيْدٌ [Only Zeyd goes away]: (Bd in ii. 10:) [in other words,] it is used to particularize, or specify, or distinguish a thing from other things: (S:) it affirms a thing in relation to that which is mentioned after it, and denies it in relation to other things; (T, S;) as in the saying in the Kur [ix. 60], إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَآءِ [The contributions levied for pious uses are only, or but, for the poor]: (S:) but El-Ámidee and AHei say that it does not import restriction, but only corroboration of an affirmation, because it is a compound of the corroborative إِنَّ and the redundant مَا which restrains the former from exercising government, and that it has no application to denote negation implied in restriction, as is shown by the trad., إِنَّمَا الِّرِبَا فِى

النَّسِيْئَةِ [which must mean, Verily usury is in the delay of payment], for usury is in other things beside that here mentioned, as رِبَا الفضْلِ [or profit obtained by the superior value of a thing received over that of a thing given], by common consent: (Kull p. 76:) some say that it necessarily imports restriction: J says what has been cited above from the S: some say that it has an overt signification in denoting restriction, and is susceptible of the meaning of corroboration: some say the reverse of this: El-Ámidee says that if it were [properly] restrictive, its occurrence in another sense would be at variance with the original import; but to this it may be replied, that if it were [properly] corroborative, its occurrence in another sense would be at variance with the original import: it [therefore] seems that it is susceptible of both these meanings, bearing one or the other according as this or that suits the place. (Msb.) إِنَّمَا is to be distinguished from إِنَّ with the conjunct [noun] مَا, which does not restrain it from governing [though its government with this is not apparent, and which is written separately]; as in إِنَّ مَا عِنْكَ حَسَنٌ meaning Verily what is with thee is good, and in إِنَّ مَا فَعَلْتَ حَسَنٌ meaning Verily thy deed is good. (I' Ak pp. 97 and 98.) b7: إِنَّ is sometimes contracted into إِنٌ; (S, Mughnee, K;) and in this case, it is made to govern and is made to have no government: (S:) it is seldom made to govern in this case; often made to have no government: the Koofees say that it is not contracted; (Mughnee, K;) and that when one says, إِنْ زَيْدٌ لَمُنْطَلِقٌ [the meaning is virtually Verily Zeyd is going away, but] إِنٌ is a negative and the ل is syn. with إِلّا; but this assertion is refuted by the fact that some make it to govern when contracted, as in exs. cited above, voce إِنْ, q. v. (Mughnee.) b8: It is also syn. with نَعَمٌ [Even so; yes; yea]; (Mughnee, K;) contr. to the opinion of AO. (Mughnee.) [See also أَنَّ, last sentence.] Those who affirm it to have this meaning cite as an ex. the following verse (Mughnee, K *) of 'Obeyd-Allah Ibn-Keys-er-Rukeiyát: (S, * TA:) كَ وَقَدْ كَبِرْتَ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّهْ وَيَقُلْنَ شَيْبٌ قَدْ عَلَا [And they say, (namely, the women,) Hoariness hath come upon thee, and thou hast become old: and I say, Even so, or yes, or yea]: (Mughnee, K:) but this has been rebutted by the saying, We do not concede that the ه is here added to denote the pause, but assert that it is a pronoun, governed by إِنَّ in the accus. case, and the predicate is suppressed; the meaning being, إِنَّهُ كَذٰلِكَ [Verily it, i. e. the case, is thus]. (Mughnee.) [J says,] The meaning is, إنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ كَمَا تَقُلْنَ [Verily it, i. e. the case, hath been as ye say]: A 'Obeyd says, This is a curtailment of the speech of the Arabs; the pronoun being deemed sufficient because the meaning is known: and as to the saying of Akh, that it signifies نَعَمْ, he only means thereby that it may be so rendered, not that it is originally applied to that signification: he says that the ه is here added to denote the pause. (S.) There is, however, a good ex. of إِنَّ in the sense of نَعَمْ in the saying of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr, to him who said to him, “May God curse a she camel which carried me to thee,”

إِنَّ وَرَاكِبَهَا, i. e. Even so, or yes, or yea; and may God curse her rider: for the suppression of both the subject and the predicate is not allowable. (Mughnee.) And hence, accord. to Mbr, the saying in the Kur [xx. 66], as thus read, إِنَّ هٰذانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ [meaning, if so, Yes, these two are enchanters]. (Mughnee.) [But this phrase has given rise to much discussion, related in the Mughnee and other works. The following is a brief abstract of what has been said respecting it by several of the leading authorities.] A booIs-hák says that the people of El-Medeeneh and El-Koofeh read as above, except 'Ásim, who is reported to have read, إِنٌ هٰذَانِ, without tesh-deed, and so is Kh; [so too is Hafs, as is said above, voce إِنْ;] and that AA read إِنَّ هٰذيْنِ, the former word with teshdeed, and the latter in the accus. case: that the argument for إِنَّ هٰذَانِ, with teshdeed and the nom. case, [or rather what is identical in form with the nom. case,] is, that it is of the dial. of Kináneh, in which the dual is formed by the termination ان in the nom. and accus. and gen. cases alike, as also in the dial. of Benu-l-Hárith Ibn-Kaab: but that the old grammarians say that ه is here suppressed; the meaning being, إِنَّهُ هٰذَانِ: (T:) this last assertion, however, is weak; for what is applied to the purpose of corroboration should not be suppressed, and the instances of its suppression which have been heard are deviations from general usage, except in the case of أَنَّ, with fet-h, contracted into أَنْ: (Mughnee:) Aboo-Is-hák then adds, that some say, إِنَّ is here syn. with نَعَمْ: this last opinion he holds to be the best; the meaning being, نَعَمْ هٰذَانِ لَهُمَا سَاحِرَانِ [Yes, these two, verily they are two enchanters: for this is not a case in which the ل (which is the ل of inception) can be regarded as transferred from its proper place, at the commencement of the sentence or proposition, as it is in some instances mentioned in the former half of this paragraph: but it is said in the Mughnee that this explanation is invalidated by the fact that the combining of the corroborative ل and the suppression of the inchoative is like the combining of two things inconsistent, or incompatible; as is also the opinion that the ل is redundant, because the redundant ل prefixed to the enunciative is peculiar to poetry]: next in point of goodness, in the opinion of A booIs-hák, is, that it is of the dial. of Kináneh and Benu-l-Hárith Ibn-Kaab: the reading of AA he does not allow, because it is at variance with the written text: but he approves the reading of 'Ásim and Kh. (T.) A2: إِنَّ also occurs as a verb: it is the third person pl. fem. of the pret. from الأَيْنُ, syn. with التَّعَبُ; or from آنَ syn. with قَرُبَ: or the third person sing. masc. of the pret. passive from الأَنيِنُ, in the dial. of those who, for رُدَّ and حُبَّ, say رِدَّ and حِبَّ, likening these verbs to قِيلَ and بِيعَ: or the sing. masc. of the imperative from the same: or the pl. fem. of the imperative from الأَيْنُ; or from آنَ syn. with قَرُبَ: or the sing. fem. of the corroborated form of the imperative from وَأَى, syn. with وَعَدَ. (Mughnee.) أَنَا, signifying I: see أَنْ, in seven places.

أَنَهٌ, signifying I: see أَنْ, in two places.

أَنَّةٌ i. q. أَنِينٌ [inf. n. of أَنَّ, but app. a simple subst., signifying A moan, moaning, or prolonged voice of complaint; or a saying Ah: or a complaint: or a cry]. (TA.) أَنْتَ, signifying Thou: fem. أَنْتِ; dual أَنْتُمَا; pl. masc. أَنْتُمْ, and pl. fem. أَنْتُنَّ: see أَنْ, in six places.

أُنَنَةٌ see أَنَّانٌ

أُنَانٌ see أَنَّانٌ

أَنَّانٌ One who moans; who utters a moaning, or prolonged voice of complaint; or who says Ah; much, or frequently; as also ↓ أُنَانٌ and ↓ أُنَنَةٌ: (M, K:) or this last signifies one who publishes complaint, or makes it public, much, or frequently: (M:) or one who talks and grieves and complains much, or frequently; and it has no verb derived from it: (T:) and you say, رَجُلٌ أُنَنَةٌ قُنَنَةٌ, [in which the latter epithet is app. an imitative sequent to the former,] meaning an eloquent man. (TA.) The fem. of أَنَّانٌ is with ة: (M, K:) and is said to be applied to a woman who moans, or says Ah, and is affected with compassion, for a dead husband, on seeing another whom she has married after the former. (MF.) [See also حَنَّانَةٌ, voce حَنَّانٌ.]

آنَ, signifying I: see أَنْ, in two places.

آنٌّ part. n. of أَنَّ, [Moaning; or uttering a moan or moaning or a prolonged voice of complaint; or saying Ah; by reason of pain: complaining by reason of disease or pain: or] uttering a cry or cries: fem. with ة. (Msb.) [Hence,] you say, مَا لَهُ حَانَّةٌ وَلَا آنَّةٌ He has not a she camel nor a sheep, or goat: (S, M, A, K:) or he has not a she camel nor a female slave (M, K) that moans by reason of fatigue. (M.) مَئِنَّةٌ, occurring in a trad., (S, Mgh, K, &c., in the first and last in art. مأن, and in the second in the present art.,) where it is said, إِنَّ طُولَ الصَّلَاةِ وَقِصَرَ الخُطْبَةِ مَئِنَّةٌ مِنْ فِقْهِ الرَّجُلِ, (S, Mgh, TA, &c.,) is of the measure مَفعِلَةٌ وَقِصَرَ الخُطْبَةِ مَئِنَّةٌ مِنْ فِقْهِ الرَّجُلِ, [originally مَأْنِنَةٌ,] from إِنَّ, (S, Z in the Fáïk, IAth, Mgh, K,) the corroborative particle; (Z, IAth, Mgh;) like مَعْسَاةٌ from عَسَى; (S, K;) but not regularly derived from إِنَّ, because a word may not be so derived from a particle; or it may be said that this is so derived after the particle has been made a noun; (Z, IAth;) or neither of these modes of derivation is regular: (MF:) the meaning is, [Verily the longness of the prayer and the shortness of the oration from the pulpit are (together)] a proper ground for one's saying, Verily the man is a person of knowledge or intelligence: (Z, * Mgh, K in art. مأن:) this is the proper signification: accord. to AO, the meaning is, a thing whereby one learns the knowledge, or intelligence, of the man: (Mgh:) or it means a thing suitable to, (S, Mgh,) and whereby one knows, (S,) the knowledge, or intelligence, of the man: (S, Mgh:) or a sign (As, S, K) of the knowledge, or intelligence, of the man; and suitable thereto: (As, S:) or an evidence thereof: (M:) or an indication, or a symptom, thereof; everything that indicates a thing being said to be مَئِنَّةٌ لَهُ: [so that مَئِنَّةٌ لِكَذَا may be well rendered a thing that occasions one's knowing, or inferring, or suspecting, such a thing; and in like manner, a person that occasions one's doing so: or, more properly, a thing, &c., in which such a thing is usually known to take place, or have place, or be, or exist, like مَظِنَّةٌ:] one of the strangest of the things said of it is, that the ء is a substitute for the ظ of مَظِنَّةٌ: (IAth:) this seems to have been the opinion of Lh: (Az, L:) accord. to AA, it is syn. with آيَةٌ [a sign, &c.]. (TA.) As says (S, * K, TA, all in art. مأن) that the word is thus, with teshdeed to the ن, in the trad. and in a verse of poetry, as these are related; (S, TA;) but correctly, in his opinion, it should be مَئِينَةٌ of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ, (S, K, * TA,) unless it be from إِنَّ, as first stated above: (S, TA:) Az used to say that it is مَئِتَّةٌ, with ت, (S, K, * TA,) meaning a thing (lit. a place) meet, fit, or proper, or worthy or deserving, and the like; of the measure مَفْعِلَةٌ, [originally مَأْتِتَةٌ,] from أَتَّهُ meaning “he overcame him with an argument or the like:” (S, K, TA:) but some say that it is of the measure فَعِلَّةٌ, from مَأَنَ meaning اِحْتَمَلَ: see art. مأن. (K in that art.) You say also, هُوَ مَئِنَّةٌ لِلْخَيْرِ, from إِنَّ, He is a person fit, or proper, for one's saying of him, Verily he is good; and in like manner, مَعْسَاةٌ, from عَسَى, as meaning “a person fit, or proper, for one's saying of him, May-be he will do good.” (A, TA.) And إِنَّهُ لَمَئِنَّةٌ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَا Verily it is meet, fit, or proper, for one's saying of it, Verily it is thus; or is worthy, or deserving, of one's saying &c.: or verily it is a thing meet, fit, or proper, for one's saying &c.; or is a thing worthy, or deserving, of one's saying &c.: of the measure مَفْعِلَةٌ, from إِنَّ. (K in the present art.) and إِنَّهُ لَمَئِنَّةٌ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذَاكَ Verily he is meet, fit, or proper, for doing that; or is worthy, or deserving, of doing that: or verily he is a person meet, fit, or proper, for doing that; or is a person worthy, or deserving, of doing that: and in like manner you say of two, and of more, and of a female: but مَئِنَّةٌ may be of the measure فَعِلَّةٌ [from مأن], i. e. a triliteral-radical word. (M.) b2: You also say, أَتَاهُ عَلَي مَئنَّة ذَاكَ, meaning He came to him at the time, or season, [or fit or proper time,] of that; and at the first thereof. (M.)

قصد: قصد. قصد إلى فلان: اقترب منه ودنا منه (هلو).
يقصد الإشارة: يطلق السهام نحو الهدف (فوك).
قصد فلانا ب: يقال مثلا: قصد بالمكروه أي أراد الإساءة إليه والإضرار به. (دي ساسي طرائف 2: 19).
قصدوهم بأنواع من العقاب: حاولوا انتهاز الفرص لإيذائهم وإيقاع أنواع من العقاب بهم (دي ساسي طرائف 2: 23).
وكان في أول أمره مقلا حتى احتاج إلى القصد بشعره: كان في أول أمره فقيرا حتى احتاج إلى أن يتجه إلى الأغنياء بمدحه ليتكسب الدراهم. (المقري 1: 505) = جعل الشعر بضاعته أي جعل الشعر مرتزقه وكسب ما يعيش به. (المقري 1: 505).
قصد: سأل، استعطى، طلب، ابتهل، توسل، تضرع. (الكالا).
قصد: كدى، تسول، تكفف، شحذ. (فوك).
قصد: اقتصد، وفر، ادخر. (همبرت ص219. هلو).
قصد (بالتشديد): نظم القصائد (المقري 1: 73). وفيه مقصد اسم الفاعل من قصد.
قصد: أنشد أماديح النبي (صلى الله عليه وسلم) = صلى على النبي. (شيرب ديال ص178، 188).
قاصد فلانا: قصده وتوجه إليه. وهذا هو صواب الكلمة فيما أرى. (عباد 2: 194 رقم 27، 3: 234). تقصد: أزمع، اعتزم، وتأمل وتبصر (بوشر).
اقتصد: توسط في النفقة فلم يسرف ولم يقتر. ولا يقال اقتصد في فقط بل اقتصد على أيضا، ففي النويري (مصر 2: 180 ق): وكان مقتصدا على ملبسه. (المعجم اللاتيني- العربي).
قصد. يقال بدل الطريق القصد أي الطريق المستقيم الطريق القصدة (البيان 2: 191) وهذا غير صحيح لأن كلمة قصد مصدر يستعمل استعمال لصفة قلا يؤنث. وقد قرأتها في الشرح القصدة غير أن كلمة قصد لا تدل على مستقيم. وتستعمل كلمة القصد وحدها بمعنى الطريق المستقيم (معجم الإدريسي، ابن بطوطة 2: 361). ويقال أيضا مهيع القصد. (المقري 2: 111).
قصدا: في خط مستقيم، في خط مباشر. ففي الإدريسي (القسم الأول والفصل السابع ص7): لابد من القيام بدورة كبيرة لأنه جون كبير يعوق عن الطريق قصدا. (أماري ص 22).
قصد: اعتدال، توسط (المعجم اللاتيني- العربي).
قصد: ما كان وسطا. ففي البيضاوي (2: 184): هو الخطاب القصد الذي ليس فيه اختصار مخل ولا إشباع ممل. وفي حيان (ص 29و).
اقتصد مع ذلك في الإنفاق عليها، وبعد هذا غير أن ابتناءه كان قصدا مشبها بفعله في جميع شؤونه.
قصدا، بالقصد، على قصد: عمدا، عن عمد، متعمدا. (بوشر، مارسيل).
قصدا: اصطناعيا. ففي الإدريسي (ص195): مدينة صغيرة على منقع ماء مصنوع قصدا. وقد جاء هذا المعنى في معجم الكالا أيضا.
قصد: خلاصة، خاتمة. (الكالا) وفيه: Colusion وقد ترجمها بكلمة قصد قصد ومضمن. غير أن هذه الكلمة لا تلائم هذا المعنى ويجب إبدالها بكلمة conclusion ( لأنه يذكر في الظروف).
en conclusion القصد الكلام (كذا). وانظرها في مادة مقصود.
قصدة= قصد: نية، هذا إذا كانت كتابة الكلمة صحيحة عند الماوردي (ص125) غير أني أشك في ذلك.
قصدة: صفة للرمح الهش العود السهل المكسر. يقال: القنا القصد، والكلمة الأولى مفردة مذكرة والثانية جمع مثل: رمح اقصاد. (عباد 1: 52، 3: 22).
قصدي: عمدي. (بوشر).
قصاد: أمام، تجاه، قدام، إزاء، حذاء، قبالة، ومن قصاد: قبالة، إزاء، حذاء، تجاه، حيال، قصد. (بوشر، ميهرن ص33).
قصود: لا أدري ما تعني هذه الكلمة التي وردت في بيت نقله المقري (1: 915) وفيه إن أندلسيا اشتكى من المصريين فقال:
لا تبصر الدهر من يراعي ... معنى قصيد ولا قصود
قصيد: يقول السيد رايت وجدت الجمع قصد في كتاب أمين شلبي.
قصيدة: رثاء، مرثاة، تأبين. (الكالا).
قصيدة: ترتيلة، تسبيح لله عز وجل. (الكالا).
قاصد: مسافر، سائح. (ألف ليلة 1: 402، 545).
قاصد: رسول، مبعوث، مرسل، ساع، بريد، فيج. (بوشر، هلو، جروس 1: 10، رنجرز ص130).
قاصد: سفير. (أماري ديب ص182، 183، 185).
قاصد، عند الكاثوليك: نائب البابا في بلد من مملكته.
وسفير البابا. (هلو، محيط المحيط)، قاصد رسولي. (بوشر).
قاصد: رقيب، مأمور قضائي، محضر (ألف ليلة برسل 7: 77).
قاصد: عند بعض أهالي القرى رجل من أهل القرية يقام لأجل جباية الرواتب السلطانية ونحو ذلك. (محيط المحيط).
قاصد: متسول، شحاذ، مكدي. (فوك).
اقصد، الطريق الاقصد: الطريق الأكثر استقامة، الطريق الأقرب: (البكري ص12). وفي رحلة ابن جبير (ص64)، في كلامه عن طريق: وهي أقصد مسافة.
مقصود. يقال محل مقصود ورجل مقصود وهو الذي يقصده كل أحد ويذهب إليه، من هذا يقال: المصر المقصود، والمدينة المقصودة (المقري 1: 94) العاصمة.
ويقال أيضا: تجارة مقصودة بمعنى بضاعة يرغب كل أحد في شرائها، بضاعة رائجة. (معجم الإدريسي).
المقصود: الخلاصة، أخيرا، في النهاية، في الخاتمة. (الكالا).
المقصود، عند الصوفية: الغاية التي يريدون الوصول إليها، وهي الاتحاد مع الله (زيشر 16: 272).
متقصد: صفة للرمح الهش العود السهل المكسر. (عباد 3: 22، معجم مسلم).

قصد

1 قَصَدَهُ, and قَصَدَلَهُ, and إلَيْهِ, (S, M, A, L, Msb, K,) and نَحْوَهُ, (A in art. سمت, &c.,) aor. ـِ (M, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ, (S, M, Msb, K, &c.,) from which the pl. قُصُودٌ is formed by some of the professors of practical law; [and مَقْصَدٌ, q. v., is also an inf. n.;] (Msb;) He tended, repaired, or betook himself, or went, to, or towards, him, or it; (originally and properly, either in a direct course, in which sense it is in some places specially used, or indirectly; IJ, M, L;) he directed himself, or his course or aim, to, or towards, him, or it; he made for, or towards, him, or it; he made him, or it, his object; he aimed at him, or it: he sought, endeavoured after, pursued, or endeavoured to reach or attain, or obtain, him, or it: he desired it, or wished for it: he intended it; purposed it; or meant it: syn. تَوَجَّهَ وَنَهَدَ وَنَهَضَ نَحْوَهُ, (IJ, M, L,) and نَحَاهُ, (S, L,) and أَتَاهُ, (S, A, L,) and طَلَبَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ, (Msb,) and أَمَّهُ, and اِعْتَمَدَهُ, (M, L, K,) and اِعْتَزَمَهُ. (IJ, M, L.) b2: قَصَدْتُ قَصْدَهُ: see قَصْدَهُ, below. b3: قَصَدْتُهُ بِكَذَا and قَصَدْتُهُ لَهُ بِهِ [I brought to him such a thing: lit. I directed, or betook, myself to him with such a thing: see an ex. in the first para. of art. بى] (Ham. p. 41.) إِلَيْكَ قَصْدِى, and ↓ مَقْصَدِى, (the latter with fet-h to the ص, Msb), To thee is my tending, or repairing, &c. (A.) b4: قَصَدَ فِى الأَمْرِ, [aor. ـِ (A, Msb,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ; (S. M, L, Msb, K) and فِيهِ ↓ اقتصد; (M, L, K;) (tropical:) He pursued a right, or direct, course in the affair: (L:) or he followed the middle and most just way in the affair; and did not exceed the due bounds therein: (Msb:) or he acted in a moderate manner, in a manner between that of prodigality and that of parsimoniousness, in the affair: (S, L:) or he acted in a manner the contrary of that of extravagance in the affair: (M, L, K:) or he kept within the due bounds in the affair, and was content with a middle course: (A:) and in like manner, فى النَّفَقَةِ in expense: (L:) and فِى مَعِيشَتِهِ with respect to his means of subsistence. (A, L.) See also 8. b5: قَصَدَ فِى مَشْيِهِ He (a man) walked at an equable, or a moderate, pace; syn. مَشَى مُسْتُوِيًا. (L.) وَاقْصِدْ فِى مَشْيِكَ [in the Kur xxxi. 18,] (S) meansAnd go thou at a moderate pace in thy walking; neither slowly nor quickly. (Beyd, Jel.) b6: اِقْصِدْ بِذَرْعِكَ Deal thou gently with thyself; moderate thyself; restrain thyself; i. q. اِرْبَعْ عَلَى

نَفْسِكَ. (S.) b7: القَصْدَ القَصْدَ تَبْلُغُوا Keep ye to the middle way: keep ye to the middle way in affairs; in sayings and actions: so shall ye attain [to that which ye should desire]: القصد being in the accus. case as a corroborative inf. n.; and it is repeated also for the sake of corroboration. (L, from a trad.) b8: قَصَدَ, aor. ـِ (L,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ, (M, L, K,) (tropical:) It (a road, or way,) was direct, or right; had a direct, or right, tendency. (M, L, K.) عَلَى اللّٰهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ [Kur xvi. 9,] Upon God it rests to show the direct, or right way, (M, Beyd, L,) [or the right direction of the way] which leads to the truth, (Beyd,) and to invite to it by evident proofs: (M, L:) or upon God it rests to make the way direct, or right, in mercy and favour: or upon God depends one's directing his course to the [right] way. (Beyd.) b9: قَصَدَ, aor. ـِ (S, L,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ, (S, L, K,) (tropical:) He acted with justice, or equity. (S, L, K.) Abu-l-Lahhám Eth-Thaalebee says, عَلَى الحَكَمِ المَأْتِىِّ يَوْمًا إِذَا قَضَى

قَضِيَّتَهُ أَن لَّا يَجُورَ وَيَقْصِدُ (S, L) meaning, It is encumbent on the judge who is come to, any day, when he decides his case, that he do not deviate from what is right, but (بَلْ) act with justice, or equity. (IB, L.) Akh says, He means وَيَنْبَغِى أَنْ يَقْصِدَ; but as he makes an ellipsis, and puts يقصد in the place, syntactically, of ينبغى, he makes it marfooa, because it has the place of that which is [virtually] marfooa: and Fr says, he makes it marfooa because of the disagreement; for as its meaning disagrees with that of the preceding verb, it is made to disagree therefore in desinential syntax. (S, L.) A2: قَصَدَ, (S, L,) aor. ـِ (L,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ, (S, L, K,) [and قَصِدَ, see 7] He broke a stick: (S, L:) he broke in any way or manner: or he broke in halves: as also ↓ قصّد, inf. n. تَقْصِيدٌ: (L, K:) [or the latter signifies he broke many things; or broke in many pieces: see 7.]

A3: قُصِدَ لَهُ He was given a little. (S, O, K, art. قصد.) A4: قَصُدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَصَادَةٌ, He (a camel, TA) became fat. (K.) A5: See also 4.2 قَصَّدَ see 1 last sentence but one.

A2: And see 4.4 أَقْصَدَنِى إِلَيْهِ الأَمُرْ The affair caused me to tend, repair, betake myself, or direct my course, to, or towards, him, or it; to aim at him, or it; to seek, endeavour after, pursue, or endeavour to reach, attain, or obtain, him, or it; to desire it, or wish for it; to intend it, or purpose it. (M, L.) b2: (tropical:) It (an arrow) hit its object, and killed on the spot. (S, K.) b3: He pierced a man with a spear, (K,) or shot him with an arrow, (TA,) and did not miss him: (K:) he struck, or shot, a thing so that it died on the spot: (As:) he killed on the spot: (Lth:) it (a serpent) killed a person (Lth, S) on the spot: (Lth:) or bit him so as to kill him. (K, * TA.) أَقْصَدَتْهُ المَنِيَّةُ Destiny killed him on the spot. (A.) A2: اقصد, (inf. n. إِقْصَادٌ, TA,) He composed [odes, or] poems of the kind termed قَصِيد; a verb similar to أَرْمَلَ and أَهْزَجَ and أَرْجَزَ: (Ibn-Buzurj, L:) also, (L, TA,) or ↓ اقتصد, inf. n. إِقْتِصَادٌ, accord. to the K, but the former is the correct form, (TA,) [or the latter is probably correct, as being similar to إِرْتَجَزَ, as well as the former, of which the act. part. n. occurs in a verse,] and ↓ قَصَدَ, inf. n. قَصْدٌ; (K;) or ↓ قَصَّدَ; (as in the M and L;) he continued uninterruptedly, (L, K,) and prolonged, (L,) the composition of [odes, or] poems of the kind termed قَصَائِد. (L, K.) See مُقْصدٌ.5 تقصّد He (a dog &c.) died. (S.) b2: and see 7, in three places.7 انقصد and ↓ تقصّد; (L, K;) and ↓ قَصِدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَصَدٌ; but this form of the verb is seldom used; (L;) It broke, or became broken, in any way or manner: or it broke, or became broken, in halves: (L, K:) [but they are differently used: you say,] انقصد الرُّمْحُ [the spear broke: or] (S, L) the spear broke in halves: (L:) and الرِّمَاحُ ↓ تقصّدتِ the spears broke in many pieces. (S, A, L.) A2: انقصد and ↓ تقصّد It (marrow) became detached, or came forth, from its place. (TA.) 8 اقتصد: see 1. b2: He aimed at that which was right and just. (A, art. صيد. See 1 in that art.) A2: And see 4.

قَصْدٌ, [inf. n. of 1, q. v. b2: Used as a subst., The tending, self-direction, aim, or course of a person b3: Hence, An object of aim, of endeavour or pursuit, of desire or wish, or of intention or purpose; one's intention, intent, or meaning; as also ↓ مَقْصُودٌ. See مَقْصِدٌ] b4: A thing that is right, of what is said and of what is done; syn. سَدَادٌ and صَوَابٌ. (S, voce تَسْدِيدٌ, &c.) هُوَ عَاَى قَصْدٍ, He is following a right way, or course. (Msb.) See also قَاصِدٌ. b5: Conforming, or conformable, to the just mean. (M in art. ام.) See also مُقَصَّدٌ.

A2: A little that is given. (S, O, K, art. قصد.) A3: See also قَصِيدٌ.

قَصْدَهُ In the direction of, or towards, him, or it. Ex. قَصَدْتُ قَصْدَهُ I tended, repaired, betook myself, or directed my course, towards him, or it: (S, Msb:) [like صَمَدْتُ صَمْدَهُ, and حَرَدْتُ حَرْدَهُ, and شَدَا شَدْوَهُ, &c.:] also signifying, [I purposed his purpose, or] I pursued his (another's) way, or course, doing [and thinking] as he did. (L, in art. وكد.) أَخَذَ قَصْدَ الوَادِى, and ↓ قَصِيدَهُ, [He went towards the valley]. (A.) b2: هُوَ قَصْدَكَ, and قَصْدُكَ, He is before thee, before thy face. It is more commonly used as a subst. (M, L.) رُمْحٌ قَصِدٌ, and ↓ قَصِيدٌ, (M, L, K,) and ↓ أَقْصَادٌ, (S, L,) which is one of the words [used as a sing. epithet] having a pl. form, (Akh, S,) A spear broken: (M, L:) [or, broken in halves:] or broken in many pieces. (K.) قِصْدَةٌ A fragment; a piece of a thing that is broken: (S, K:) and any piece [of a thing]: (TA:) pl. قِصَدٌ. (S, K.) Ex. القَنَا قِصَدٌ [The spears are broken into fragments]. (S.) b2: قِصْدَةٌ مِنْ عَظْمٍ A piece of a bone; meaning, a third, or a quarter, of the thigh, or arm, or skin, or shoulder; (M, L;) less than the half; as much as the third, or quarter. (IKtt.) قَصُودٌ A camel having compact marrow. (ISh, L.) See also قَصِيدٌ.

قَصِيدٌ and ↓ مَقْصُودٌ Aimed at, sought, desired, intended, or purposed. (L.) A2: Fat marrow: (K:) or thick and fat marrow, that breaks in pieces (يَتَقَصَّدُ) by reason of its fatness: a piece thereof is termed قَصِيدَةٌ: (L:) or the former word and ↓ قَصُودٌ signify marrow inferior to that which is fat (A, O, K) but superior to that which is lean: (A, O:) and قَصِيدَةٌ, a piece of marrow that has come forth from the bone. (L.) b2: and (L, K), or ذُو قَصِيدٍ, (L,) A bone containing marrow. (L, K.) b3: Dry, or tough, (يَاسِس,) fleshmeat; (Lth, S, L, K;) as also ↓ قَصْدٌ; and, as some say, fat fleshmeat. (L.) b4: A fat she-camel, (L, K,) plump and corpulent, (L,) and having marrow in her bones; as also قَصِيدَةٌ. (L, K.) b5: A fat camel's hump. (K.) A3: A staff; (L, K;) as also قَصِيدَة; (K;) or the latter has not been heard: (TA:) pl. قَصَائِدُ. (L.) A4: Poetry, or a poem, trimmed, pruned, or free from faults, well executed, (K,) and composed with premeditation; (TA;) as also قَصِيدَةٌ: (TA:) [but the latter is used as a subst.] b2: قَصِيدٌ, a gen. n., applied properly to poetry, and, by extension of the signification, to a single poem, for قَصِيدَةٌ; (IJ, L;). or it is pl. of قَصِيدَةٌ, like as سَفِينٌ is of سَفِينَةٌ; (S, L;) and so is قَصَائِدُ; (L;) [but properly, قَصِيدٌ is a coll. gen. n., and قَصِيدَةٌ is its n. un., and قَصَائِدُ is pl. of the latter;] Poetry, or a poem, [or an ode, (for it was always designed to be chanted or sung,)] of which the bipartition (شَطْر) of the verses is complete; (M, L, K;) [i. e., of which the hemistichs are complete, not curtailed; (see الرَّمَلُ;)] consisting of three verses or more; (Akh, M, L, K;) or of sixteen or more; (M, L, K;) for it is usual to call that which consists of three verses, or ten, or fifteen, قِطْعَةٌ, and what consists of more than fifteen the Arabs call قصيدة: (IJ, M, L:) or, as Akh has once said, what is of the metre called الطَّوِيل, and البَسِيط that is complete, and الكَامِل that is complete, and المَدِيد that is complete, by which he means the first species thereof, which is the most complete that is in use, and الوَافِر that is complete, by which, in like manner, he means the first species thereof, and الرَّجَز that is complete, and الخَفِيف that is complete, and [any ode, or] any poem that is sung by persons riding; but, he adds, we have not heard them sing what is of the metre called الخفيف: (M, L:) such poetry is thus termed because composed with purpose and consideration, and earnest endeavour to make it excellent; from قَصْدٌ as syn. with أَمٌّ: or because composed with care, and trimmed with excellent expressions and choice meanings, from قَصِيدٌ signifying “ thick and fat marrow; ” for the Arabs tropically apply to chaste, or eloquent, or excellent, language the epithet سَمِين, or “ fat: ” (L:) or because of its completeness, and the soundness of its measure. (M, L.) For the meanings of بَيْتُ القَصِيدَةِ, see بَيْتٌ; last sentence.

A5: See also قَصِدٌ.

قَصِيدَةٌ: see قَصِيدٌ throughout.

طريق قَاصِدٌ, (M, L,) and قَاصِدَةٌ, (A,) and ↓ قَصْدٌ, (A, Msb,) (tropical:) A direct, or right road, or way; a road, or way, having a direct, or right, tendency: (A, L:) an even, and a direct, or right, road, or way: (M, L:) an even road, or way. (Msb.) b2: سَهْمٌ قَاصِدٌ (tropical:) An arrow rightly directed towards the animal at which it is shot: pl. سِهَامٌ قَوَاصِدُ. (A.) b3: قَاصِدٌ Near. (S, K.) b4: سَفَرٌ قَاصِدٌ An easy, short journey: (TA:) [a moderately easy and short journey:] a journey not difficult, nor extremely far. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) b5: بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ المَآءِ لَيْلَةٌ قَاصِدَةٌ (tropical:) Between us and the water is an easy night's journey (S, K) without fatigue or tardiness: (S:) pl. لَيَالٍ قَوَاصِدُ. (TA.) b6: مَآءٌ قَاصِدٌ Water of which the herbage, or pasture, is near. (IAar, TA, voce مُطْلِبٌ.) أَقصَدُ [A more, or most, direct road]. (S, voce أَرْشَدُ.) b2: عَلَيْكَ بِمَا هُوَ أَقْصَدُ وَأَقْسَطُ (tropical:) Keep thou to that which is most right and most just. (A.) أَقْصَادٌ: see قَصِدٌ.

مَقْصَدُ الكَلَامِ means the intended sense of the saying; the meaning thereof: (see مَعْنًى in art. عنى:) مَقْصَدٌ being an inf. n. used as in the sense of the pass. part. n. of its verb, i. e. in the sense of ↓ مَقْصُودٌ; like as is generally said of its syn. مَعْنًى, of which مَقْصُودٌ is one of the explanations: hence it has a pl. مَقَاصِدُ: in the CK in art. غزو it is erroneously written مَقْصِد, which is the n. of place and of time from قَصَدَ. b2: And in like manner مَقْصَدٌ signifies also A thing aimed at, intended, or purposed; an object of aim or pursuit: see 1: and ↓ مَقْصِدٌ, tropically used, has the same meaning.]

مَقْصِدٌ, with kesr to the ص, A place to, or towards, which one tends, repairs, or betakes himself; to which one directs his course; at which one aims; which one seeks, pursues, endeavours to reach, desires, or wishes for; [pl. مَقَاصِدُ.] Ex.

لَهُ مَقْصِدٌ مَعَيَّنٌ He has a specified place to which, or towards which, he tends, or repairs, &c. (Msb.) بَابُكَ مَقْصِدِى Thy door, or gate, is the place to which, or towards which, I tend, or repair, &c. (A.) b2: مَقَاصِدُ الطَّرُقِ [The right places to which roads tend]; i. q. مَرَاشِدُهَا. (S, L, K, art. رشد.) See also مَقْصَدٌ.

مُقْصَدٌ One who falls sick and quickly dies. (K.) مُقْصِدٌ [One who composes poems of the kind termed قَصَائِد: see 4: also,] and ↓ مُقَصِّدٌ, one who continues uninterruptedly, and prolongs, the composition of poems of the kind termed قصائد. (M, L.) مَقْصَدَةٌ [lit., A thing that causes people to repair to, or seek, or endeavour after, or desire, it]. b2: A woman great, and perfect, or complete, who pleases every one (K) that beholds her. (TA.) b3: Also, (or, as some write it, ↓ مُقَصَّدَةٌ, TA,) A woman inclining to shortness. (K.) مَقْصُودٌ: see قَصْدٌ, قَصِيدٌ, and مَقْصَدٌ.

مُقَصَّدٌ (tropical:) A man neither corpulent nor thin; as also ↓ مُقْتَصِدٌ and ↓ قَصْدٌ: (L, K:) or a man of moderate, or middle, stature; (ISh, L;) neither tall nor short, nor corpulent; (IAth, L;) as also قَصْدٌ: (ISh:) or a man &c. neither corpulent nor short. (Lth, L.) See مَقْصَدَةٌ.

مُقَصِّدٌ: see مُقْصِدٌ.

فُلَانٌ مُقْتَصِدٌ فِى النَّفَقَةِ (tropical:) Such a one acts in a moderate manner, in a manner between that of prodigality and that of parsimoniousness, in expense. (S, L.) See 1. And see مُقَصَّدٌ.

ذ

أب1 ذُئِبَ He (a man, M) was frightened by the wolf; (M, K;) as also ذَئِبَ, aor. ـَ and ذَؤُبَ, aor. ـُ (K:) or he (a man) was assailed, fallen upon, come upon, or overtaken, by the wolf. (Ibn-Buzurj, T.) And [hence, in the opinion of ISd, as he says in the M,] (tropical:) He was frightened by anything; (M, K;) and so ↓ اذأب, (AA, T, S, M, K,) inf. n. إِذْآبٌ; (TA;) said of a man. (S.) [Hence also,] ذَأَبَهُ, (M, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) [inf. n. ذَأْبٌ,] (tropical:) He frightened him [like as does a wolf]: (M, A, K, TA:) and ذَأَبَتْهُ الجِنُّ (A, TA) and ↓ تذأّبتهُ, as also تذعّبتهُ, (T, TA,) (tropical:) The jinn, or genii, frightened him. (T, A, TA.) [and hence, app.,] ذَأَبْتُهُ الرِّيحُ (tropical:) The wind came to him from every side, like the wolf; when guarded against from one direction, coming from another direction: (A:) and اِلرِّيحُ ↓ تذآءبتِ, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ تذأّبت, (S, M, K,) (tropical:) The wind varied, (T, S, M,) or came now from one direction and now from another direction, (S, M, K,) so says As, (S,) feebly: (M, K:) accord. to As, from الذِّئْبُ, (S,) [i. e.] it is likened to the wolf, (M,) because his motions are of the like description: (S:) or, accord. to some, الذِّئْبُ is derived from ↓ تذآءبت الريح meaning the wind blew from every direction; because the wolf comes from every direction. (MF, TA.) b2: Also, (i. e. ذُئِبَ) He (a man) had his sheep, or goats, fallen upon by the wolf. (S, K.) b3: And ذَؤُبَ, (T, S, M, A, K,) aor. ـُ (T, S, K,) inf. n. ذَآبَةٌ; (S, M, K;) and ذَئِبَ; (M, A, K;) and ↓ تذأّب; (M, K;) (tropical:) He (a man, T, S, M) was, or became, bad, wicked, deceitful, or crafty, (T, S, M, A, K,) like the wolf, (S, M, A, K,) or as though he became a wolf. (T.) b4: And ذَأَبَ, aor. ـَ (tropical:) He acted like the wolf; when guarded against from one direction, coming from another direction. (TA.) [And probably (assumed tropical:) He howled like the wolf; for,] accord. to Kr, (M,) ذَأْبٌ signifies the uttering a loud, or vehement, cry or sound. (M, K.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) He hastened, or was quick, in pace, or journeying; (K;) as also ↓ اذأب. (TA.) A2: ذَأَبَهُ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. ذَأْبٌ, also signifies He despised him; and so ذَأَمَهُ: (T:) or he drove him away, and despised him: (ISk, T, S, M, K:) or he drove him away, (Lh, M, TA,) and beat him; (Lh, TA;) and so ذَأَمَهُ: (M, TA:) [or he blamed, or dispraised, him; like ذَأَمَهُ; for,] accord. to Kr, (M,) ذَأْبٌ signifies the act of blaming, or dispraising. (M, K.) b2: And He drove him, or urged him on: (K:) or ذَأَبَ الإِبِلَ, inf. n. ذَأْبٌ, he drove, or urged on, the camels. (S, M.) A3: He collected it; (T, K;) namely, a thing. (T.) b2: He made it even; syn. سَوَّاهُ. (CK: omitted in other copies of the K and in the TA.) One says of the woman who makes even (تُسَوِّى) her vehicle, [meaning the part of her camel-vehicle upon which she sits,] مَا أَحْسَنَ مَا ذَأَبَتْهُ [How well has she made it even!] (T.) b3: He made it; namely, a [camel's saddle such as is called] قَتَب (K) and [such as is called] a رَحْل (TA.) A4: He made, [or disposed,] for him, (namely, a boy,) a ذُؤَابَة [q. v.]; as also ↓ اذأبهُ and ↓ ذأّبهُ. (K.) A5: ذُئِبَ said of a horse, He was, or became, affected with the disease termed ذِئْبَة. (T, Mgh.) 2 ذَاَّ^َ see 1, last sentence but one.

A2: ذأّب الرَّحْلَ, (inf. n. تَذْئِيبٌ, K,) He made, to the رحل [or camel's saddle], what is termed a ذِئْبَة, (M, K,) or ذِئْب. (TA.) [See also مُذَأَّبٌ.]4 أَذْأَبَتِ الأَرْضُ (A, TA) The land abounded with wolves. (TA.) b2: See also 1, in three places.5 تَذَاَّ^َ see 6, in two places: b2: and see also 1, in three places.6 تذآءب لِلنّاقَةِ (S, M, K) and لَهَا ↓ تذأّب (M, K) (assumed tropical:) He disguised himself like a wolf to the she-camel, and, by so frightening her, made her to incline to, or affect, her young one: (S:) or he cloaked, or disguised, himself to the she-camel, making himself to seem like a wolf, in order to cause her to affect a young one that was not her own [by moving her with pity by the supposed danger of the latter]. (M, K) b2: See also 1, in two places.

A2: تذآءب شَيْئًا and ↓ تذأّبهُ (assumed tropical:) He did a thing by turns; syn. تَدَاوَلَهُ: (M, K, TA: [in the CK, erroneously, تَناوَلَهُ:]) from الذِّئْبُ [the wolf], which, when guarded against from one direction, comes from another direction. (M, TA.) 10 استذأب النَّقَدُ The نقد [or ugly sheep] became like wolves: a prov., applied to low, mean, or ignominious, persons, when they obtain ascendancy. (T, K.) غَرْبٌ ذَأْبٌ (assumed tropical:) A large bucket with which one goes to and fro; thought by As to be from تَذَاؤُبُ الرِّيحِ: (M:) or in much [or quick] motion, ascending and descending. (M, K.) ذِئْبٌ, also pronounced ذِيبٌ, without ء, (S, Msb, K,) originally with ء, (T, S,) The wolf, wild dog, or dog of the desert; كَلْبُ البَرِّ: (M, A, K:) applied to the male and the female; (Msb;) and sometimes, also, (Msb,) the female is called ذِئْبَةٌ: (S, M, Msb, K:) pl. (of pauc., S, Msb) أَذْؤُبٌ, and (of mult., S, Msb) ذِئَابٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) which may also be pronounced ذِيَابٌ, with ى, because of the kesreh, (Msb,) and ذُؤبَانٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ذِئْبَانٌ. (TA.) b2: You say, الذِّئْبُ يُكَنَّى أَبَا جَعْدَةَ [The wolf is surnamed Aboo-Jaadeh]: i. e. its surname is good, but its actions are foul. (TA. [See art. جعد; and see also Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 449.]) b3: And الذِّئْبُ يَأْذُو الغَزَالَ [The wolf lies in wait for the young gazelle]: a prov. alluding to perfidy. (TA.) b4: And هُوَ ذِئْبٌ فِى ثَلَّةٍ (tropical:) [He is a wolf among a flock of sheep]. (A.) b5: And ذِئْبَةُ مِعْزًى وَظَلِيمٌ فِى

الخُبْرِ [A she-wolf among the goats, and a heostrich when tried]: i. e., in his evil nature he is like a [she-] wolf that attacks a herd of goats; and when tried, like a he-ostrich, which, if one say to it “ Fly,” says “ I am a camel,” and when one says to it “ Carry a burden,” says “ I am a bird: ” a prov. applied to a crafty and deceitful person. (TA.) b6: And أَكَلَهُمْ الضَّبُعُ وَ الذِّئْبُ [The hyena and the wolf devoured them]; meaning (tropical:) dearth, or drought: and أَصَابَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ ضَبُعٌ وَذِئْبٌ, meaning (tropical:) A year that was one of dearth, or drought, befell them. (A.) b7: ذِئْبُهُ لَا يَشْبَعُ [His wolf will not be satiated], a phrase used by a poet, means (assumed tropical:) his tongue [will not be satisfied]; i. e. he devours the reputation of another like as the wolf devours flesh. (M.) b8: ذِئْبُ يُوسُفَ [The wolf of Joseph] is a prov. applied to him who is charged with the crime of another. (TA.) b9: ذُؤْبَانُ العَرَبِ, (S, M, A, K,) also pronounced ذُوبَان, without ء, (TA,) [The wolves of the Arabs,] means (tropical:) the thieves, (M, K,) or sharpers, (A,) and paupers, (A, K,) of the Arabs; (M, A, K;) or the paupers of the Arabs, who practise thieving: (T, S:) because they act like wolves. (TA.) b10: ذِئَابُ الغَضَا The wolves of the ghadà, that frequent the trees so called, (TA,) is an appellation of the sons of Kaab Ibn-Málik Ibn-Handhalah; (M, K;) because of their bad character; (M;) for the wolf that frequents those trees is the worst of wolves. (TA.) b11: دَآءُ الذِّئْبِ [The wolf's disease] means (assumed tropical:) hunger; for they assert that the wolf has no other disease than hunger; (K, TA;) and they say أَجْوَعُ مِنْ ذِئْبٍ [More hungry than a wolf]; because he is always hungry: or (assumed tropical:) death; because [it is said that] the wolf has no other sickness than that of death; and hence they say أَصَحُّ مِنَ الذِّئْبِ [More sound than the wolf]. (TA.) [Hence the prov., رَمَاهُ اللّٰهُ بِدَآءِ الذِّئْبِ: see 1 in art. رمى.] b12: الذِّئْبَانِ, in the dual form, [The two wolves,] is the name of (assumed tropical:) two white stars [app. ζ and η of Draco] between those called العَوَائِذُ and those called الفَرْقَدَانِ: and أَظْفَارُ الذِّئْبِ [The claws of the wolf] is the name of (assumed tropical:) certain small stars before those called الذِّئْبَانِ. (K.) b13: عِنَبُ الذِّئْبِ: see ثَعْلَبٌ. b14: See also the next paragraph.

ذِئْبَةٌ fem. of ذِئْبٌ. (S, M, Msb, K.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The [angular] intervening space between the دَفَّتَانِ [or two boards] of the [kinds of saddle called] سَرْج and رَحْل (S, K, TA) and غَبِيط, (TA,) beneath the place of juncture of the two curved pieces of wood; (S;) [or] what is beneath the fore part of the place of juncture of the two curved pieces of wood (M, K) of the [kinds of saddle called] رَحْل and قَتَب and إِكَاف and the like; (M;) which falls, or lies, upon, (S,) or bites, or compresses, (M, K,) the part called the مَنْسِج (S, M, K) of the beast. (M, K.) A poet says, وَقَتَبٌ ذِئْبَتُهُ كَالْمِنْجَلِ [And a قتب of which the ذئبة is like the reapinghook]. (M.) [See قَرَبُوسٌ.] Accord. to IAar, the ↓ ذِئْب [a coll. gen. n. of which ذِئْبَةٌ is the n. un.] of the [saddle called] رَحْل are The curved pieces of wood in the fore part thereof. (TA.) A2: Also (assumed tropical:) A certain disease of horses (T, M, Mgh, K) or similar beasts, that attacks them in their fauces; (M, K;) for which the root of the beast's ear is perforated with an iron instrument, and there are extracted from it small, white, hard nodous substances, (T, Mgh, K, *) like the grains of the [species of millet called] جَاوَرْس, (K,) or smaller than those grains. (T, Mgh.) ذِئْبَانٌ a pl. of ذِئبٌ. (TA.) A2: Also, accord. to AA, (S,) The hair upon the neck and lip of the camel: (S, K;) and accord. to Fr, who says that it is a sing. [in this sense], (S,) the remains of the [fur, or soft hair, called] وَبَر [after the greater part has fallen off or been shorn]. (S, K. [See also ذُوبَانٌ in art. ذوبْ, and ذِيبَانٌ in art. ذيب.]) ذُؤَابٌ: see the next paragraph.

ذُؤَابَةٌ (also pronounced ذُوَابَةٌ, T and K in art. ذوب,) A portion [or lock] of hair, (S, A,) hanging down loosely from the middle of the head to the back: (A:) or the hair of the fore part of the head; the hair over the forehead; syn. نَاصِيَةٌ; (M, K;) so called because, hanging down, it moves to and fro, or from side to side: (M:) or the place whence that hair grows: (M, K:) or the hair that surrounds the دُوَّارَة [or round part] of the head: (Az, T:) or plaited hair of the head: and the part of the head which is the place thereof: (Lth, T:) or a plait of hair hanging down: if twisted, it is called عَقِيصَةٌ: (Msb:) and [a horse's forelock; or] hair (M, K) of the head, (M,) in the upper part of the نَاصِيَة, of the horse: (M, K:) pl. (in all its senses, M, TA) ذَوَائِبُ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) originally, (S, K,) or regularly, (T,) ذَآئِبُ, changed to render it more easy of pronunciation, (T, S, K,) and ذُؤَابَاتٌ also. (Msb.) Hence, فُتِلَ ذَوَائِبُهُ [His pendent locks of hair were twisted;] meaning (tropical:) he was made to abandon, or relinquish, his opinion or idea or judgment. (A.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Anything that hangs down loosely. (TA.) (tropical:) The end of a turban, (A, Msb,) that hangs down between the shoulders. (A.) (assumed tropical:) The end of a whip. (Msb.) (tropical:) Of a sandal. The thing, or portion, that hangs down from, or of, [the upper part of] the قِبَال [or thong that passes, from the sole, between two of the toes; it is generally a prolongation of the قِبَال]: (T:) or the part that touches the ground, of the thing that is made to fall down upon the foot, (M, A, K,) attached to the شِرَاك [or thong extending from the قِبَال above mentioned towards the ankle]; (A;) so called because of its waggling. (M.) (tropical:) Of a sword, The thong [or cord] which is attached to the hilt, (T, A,) and which [is sometimes also made fast to the guard, and at other times] hangs loose and dangles. (A.) (assumed tropical:) A skin, or piece of skin, that is hung upon the آخِرَة [or hinder part] of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل; (S, M, K;) also termed عَذَبَةٌ. (TA.) A poet speaks, metaphorically, of the ذَوَائِب of palmtrees [app. meaning (tropical:) Hanging clusters of dates]. (M.) And one says نَارٌ سَاطِعَةٌ الذَّوَائِبِ (tropical:) [A fire of which the flames rise and spread]. (A.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The higher, or highest, part of anything: (M, K:) and ↓ ذُؤَابٌ is used as its pl., or [as a coll. gen. n., i. e.] as bearing the same relation to ذُؤَابَةٌ that سَلٌّ does to سَلَّةٌ. (M.) You say, عَلَوْتٌ ذُؤَابَةَ الجَبَلِ (tropical:) [I ascended upon the summit of the mountain]. (A.) And ذُؤَابَةُ العِزِّ وَ الشَّرَفِ (tropical:) The highest degree of might and of nobility. (T, * M.) And هُوَ فِى ذُؤَابَةِ قَوْمِهِ (assumed tropical:) He is among the highest of his people; taken from the ذؤابة of the head. (M.) And هُمْ ذُؤَابَةُ قَوْمِهِمْ (T, A) and ذَوَائِبُهُمْ (A) (tropical:) They are the nobles of their people: (A, T:) and مِنْ ذَوَائِبِ قُرَيْشٍ (tropical:) of the nobles of Kureysh. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ مِنَ الذَّنَائِبِ لَا مِنَ الذَّوَائِبِ (tropical:) [Such a one is of the lowest of the people, not of the highest]. (A.) b4: ذَوَائِبُ الجَوْزَآءُ is a name of (assumed tropical:) Nine stars disposed in a bowed, or curved, form, in the sleeve of Orion; also called تَاجُ الجَوْزَآءِ. (Kzw in his description of Orion.) b5: ذَوائِبُ لَيْلَةٍ (assumed tropical:) The last, or latter, parts, or portions, of a night. (Har p. 58.) أَرْضٌ مَذْأَبَةٌ A land containing, (S,) or abounding with, (M, K,) wolves: (S, M, K:) in the dial. of some of the tribe of Keys, مَذَيْبَةٌ, agreeing with ذِيبٌ. (M.) مُذَأَّبٌ A boy having a ذُؤَابَة. (T, S, A, K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A [camel's saddle such as is called] غَبِيط [&c.] having [a ذُؤَابَة, i. e.] a skin, or piece of skin, hung upon its آخِرَة [or hinder part]: (S:) or having a ذِئْبَة [q. v.]. (TA.) مَذْؤُوبٌ A man frightened by wolves: (A, TA:) or whose sheep, or goats, have been fallen upon by the wolf. (S, M, A, K.) b2: [And hence,] (tropical:) Frightened [as though by a wolf]. (T, TA.) A2: Also A horse, (Mgh,) or such as is called بِرْذَوْنٌ, (Lth, T, M, K,) and, accord. to the Tekmileh, an ass, and so مَذْبُوبٌ, as though from ذِيبَةٌ for ذِئْبَةٌ, (Mgh,) Affected with the disease termed ذِئْبَةٌ. (Lth, T, M, Mgh, K.) مُتَذَائِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A man in a state of commotion, or fluctuation; from تَذَآءَبَتِ الرِّيحُ. (TA from a trad.)