رو

ى1 رَوِىَ مِنَ المَآءِ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and اللَّبَنِ, (M, K,) aor. ـْ (T, S, Msb, K,) inf. n. رِىٌّ (T, S, M, Mgh, * K) and رَىٌّ, (S, K,) or the former is a simple subst. and the latter is the inf. n., (Msb,) or the latter is an inf. n. and also a simple subst., (M, K,) and رِوًى, (S, M, K,) the last erroneously written, in [some of] the copies of the K, رَوَى, as though it were a pret. verb [like رَوِىَ]; (TA;) and ↓ ارتوى and ↓ تروّى; (S, M, Msb, K;) all signify the same; (T, S, M, * Msb, K;) [or the last probably has an intensive meaning;] He was satisfied, or he satisfied himself, with drinking of water [and of milk]; he drank thereof enough to quench, or satisfy, his thirst; contr. of عَطِشَ. (Mgh in explanation of the first.) b2: And رَوِىَ النَّبَاتُ, (M,) or الشَّجَرُ, (K,) مِنَ المَآءِ; (TA;) and ↓ تروّى; (M, K;) [The plant, or herbage, or the trees, had plentiful irrigation: or] i. q. تَنَعَّمَ [i. e., became flourishing and fresh, luxuriant, juicy, succulent, or sappy]; (M, K;) or became bright and fresh, by reason of plentiful irrigation. (TK.) b3: رَوِىَ and ↓ ارتوى and ↓ تروّى are also used metaphorically, as meaning (tropical:) He was, or became, in a good state or condition; and in the enjoyment of much ease, pleasantness, softness, or delicacy, of life. (Har p. 100.) b4: شَبِعْتُ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ وَ رَوِيتُ is likewise metaphorical, meaning (tropical:) I have become, or I became, disgusted [or satiated to loathing] with this thing, or affair. (S * and TA in art. شبع.) b5: See also a verse cited voce إِلَى, (p.

85,) in which يَرْوَى is made trans. by means of that particle in the place of مِنْ.

A2: رَوَى عَلَى أَهْلِهِ, (T, S, M, K,) and لِأَهْلِهِ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـْ inf. n. رَيَّةٌ, or رِيَّةٌ, (accord. to different copies of the T, [the former app. indicated to be the right by what is said in the next sentence,]) or رَىٌّ, (M, [probably also correct,]) He brought water to his family: (S, M, K:) [but in the T it is implied that the meaning is like that of the phrase here following:] رَوَى القَوْمَ, (ISk, T, S, K,) aor. as above, (ISk, T, S,) inf. n. ريّة, (so in the TA,) He drew water for the people, or party. (ISk, T, S, K.) You say, مِنْ أَيْنَ رَيَّتُكُمْ, with fet-h to the ر, (S,) or رِيَّتُكُمْ, (so in the T,) meaning Whence is your providing of yourselves with water? (المَآءَ ↓ مِنْ أَيْنَ تَرْتَوُونَ: T, immediately after the latter of the foregoing phrases; and S, immediately after the former of them:) so says ISk. (T.) And رَوَى عَلَى اليَعِيرِ He drew water upon the camel. (M. [See سَانِيَةٌ.]) b2: And رَوَى

المَآءَ, aor. ـْ [inf. n., app., رِوَايَةٌ,] He (a camel) bore, carried, or conveyed, water. (Msb, TA.) b3: Hence, (Msb, TA,) رَوَى الحَدِيثَ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and الشِّعْرَ, (T, S, M, Mgh,) عَنْهُ, (MA,) aor. ـْ (T,) inf. n. رِوَايَةٌ; (T, S, M, Mgh, K;) and ↓ تروّاهُ; (M, K;) both signify the same; (K;) He bore in his memory, knowing by heart, (حَمَلَ,) and transmitted [orally], related, recited, or rehearsed, the tradition, narrative, or story, (Msb, TA,) and the poetry, (TA,) [as learned, or heard, or received,] from him; (MA;) [he related, recited, or rehearsed, the tradition, &c., and the poetry, by heart from him:] you say to a man, أَنْشِدِ القَصِيدَةَ [ “ Recite thou the ode ”]; but you do not say, اِرْوِهَا unless you mean thereby Relate thou it by heart. (S, TA.) [One says also, رُوِىَ عَنْهُ, meaning It has been related as heard, or received, from him. And رُوِىَ كَذَا, and يُرْوَى كَذَا, meaning It has been related, and it is related, (otherwise, i. e.) thus; with the substitution of such a word &c.: and often meaning it has been read, and it is read, &c. And فِى رِوَايَةٍ كَذَا, meaning According to one relation, or way of relation or relating, thus: and often meaning according to one reading, thus.]

A3: رَوَى الحَبْلَ, (M, K,) [aor. ـْ inf. n. رَىٌّ, (M,) He twisted the rope: (M, K:) or he twisted the rope well, or thoroughly, or soundly. (M.) b2: رَوَى عَلَى الرَّجُلِ, (S, M, TA,) in the copies of the K, erroneously, الرَّحْلِ, (TA,) He bound the man (S, M, K, * TA) with the rope called رِوَآء (M, TA) upon the back of the camel, (S, K, *) lest he should fall (S, M, K, * TA) from the camel (M) in consequence of his being overcome by sleep. (S, M, * TA.) And رَوَيْتُ عَلَى

الرَّاوِيَةِ, aor. ـْ inf. n. رَىٌّ, I bound the رِوَآء

upon the leathern water-bag, or pair of leathern water-bags, called راوية. (T.) You say, رَوَى

عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. رَىٌّ; and ↓ اروى; He bound him, or it, with the rope [called رِوَآء, as is implied in the M]. (M, * TA.) And الرِّوَآءَ عَلَى البَعِيرِ ↓ اروى

[He bound the رواء upon the camel]; like رَوَاهُ. (TA.) And ↓ رواى He bound a load with the رِوَآء. (TA.) 2 روّى, inf. n. تَــرْوِيَةٌ: see 4, in two places: b2: and 5. [Hence,] يَوْمُ التَّــرْوِيَةِ [The day of providing oneself with water;] the eighth day of Dhu-l-Hijjeh; (T, Msb;) the day before that of 'Arafeh: (M:) so called because they (the pilgrims, T) used to provide themselves (يَتَزَوَّدُونَ, T, M, or ↓ يَتَرَوَّوْنَ, Msb, and so in a copy of the T, or ↓ يَرْتَوُونَ, S, K) on that day with water (T, S, M, * Msb, K) for the aftertime, (S, Msb, K,) and to rise and go, or when rising to go, to Minè, where is no water, [or, accord. to the Msb, where was little water,] therefore they provided themselves fully with water, or therefore they provided themselves with water from Mekkeh for the alighting and abiding at Minè: (T, accord. to two different copies:) or [it means the day of consideration, or thought; (from another signification of the verb, as will be seen from what follows;) and is so called] because Abraham was considering, or thinking upon, his dream (وَ يَتَفَكَّرُ فِى رُؤْيَاهُ ↓ كَانَ يَتَرَوَّى) [on that day], and on the ninth he knew [that his dream was from God], and on the tenth he desired to act [according to his dream] (اِسْتَعْمَلَ). (K. [and in a similar manner it is explained in the Ksh and by Bd in xxxvii. 101. See also 2 in art. روأ]) b3: روّى رَأْسَهُ بِالدُّهْنِ, and الثَّرِيدَ بِالدَّسَمِ, (T, TA,) He moistened [his head, app. much, or saturated it, i. e. its hair, with oil, or grease, and the broken, or crumbled, bread with grease, or gravy]. (TA.) A2: روّاهُ الشِّعْرَ, (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) and الحَدِيثَ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above; (S;) and إِيَّاهُ ↓ ارواهُ; (S, K;) He made him to relate by heart the poetry, (S, M, * Mgh, * K, * TA,) and the tradition, narrative, or story; (M, Mgh, TA;) he made him to bear in his memory, knowing by heart, and to transmit, relate, recite, or rehearse, (Msb, TA,) the poetry, (TA,) and the tradition, narrative, or story; (Msb, TA;) [or he taught him to do so; i. e.] he related to him by heart (رَوَى لَهُ) the poetry, (T, TA,) and the tradition, narrative, or story, (TA,) until he retained it in his memory, for the purpose of relating it by heart [as learned, or heard, or received,] from him. (T, TA. *) and رُوِّينَا الحَدِيثَ [We had the tradition, narrative, or story, related to us by heart; and in like manner, الشِّعْرَ the poetry]. (Msb, TA.) A3: رَوَّيْتُ فِى

الأَمْرِ, (S, K, [though Freytag represents the verb as being in the K without teshdeed, and Golius explains the verb nearly in the same manner with and without teshdeed,]) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He looked into the thing, or affair, or case; inspected it; examined it; considered it; or thought upon it; (S, M, K, TA;) deliberately, or leisurely; without haste; a dial. var. of رَوَّأْتُ [q. v.]: (M, TA:) [and فِيهِ ↓ تَرَوَّيْتُ app. signifies the same:] see يَتَرَوَّى in the former half of this paragraph, in an explanation of يَوْمُ التَّــرْوِيَةِ.4 ارواهُ (M, MA, Msb, K) مِنَ المَآءِ (MA) [and من اللَّبَنِ], inf. n. إِرْوَآءٌ; (KL, and Har p. 67;) and ↓ روّاهُ (MA, Msb) مِنْهُ, (MA,) inf. n. تَــرْوِيَةٌ; (KL;) He satisfied him, or made him to be satisfied, with drinking of water [and of milk]; he satisfied, or quenched, his (another's) thirst, by a drink, or draught, of water [and of milk]; (M, * MA, Msb, * K, * KL; *) he did away with his thirst [thereby]. (Har ubi suprà.) One says of a she-camel abounding in milk, هِىَ تُرْوِى

الصَّبِىَّ [She satisfies the thirst of the young child]: because he sleeps in the beginning of the night, and they desire that her flow of milk may be early, before his sleeping. (M, TA.) [And in like manner, ارواهُ is said of water, and of milk, &c., meaning It satisfied his thirst.] b2: [Hence, اروى and ↓ روّى signify also He watered, or irrigated, plentifully a plant, or herbage, or a tree; or rendered it flourishing and fresh, luxuriant, succulent, or sappy, by plentiful irrigation: see 1, second sentence.]

A2: See also 2, in the middle of the paragraph.

A3: And see 1, last three sentences.5 تروّى: see 1, first three sentences. b2: Yousay also, تَرَوَّوْا and ↓ رَوَّوْا, meaning They provided themselves with water. (M.) And كَانُو يَتَرَوَّوْنَ مِنَ المَآءِ; (Msb, and so in a copy of the T; see 2, second sentence;) or من المآء ↓ يَرْتَوُونَ; (S and K; see again 2, second sentence;) [They used to provide themselves with water:] and المَآء ↓ مِنْ أَيْنَ تَرْتَوُونَ [Whence do ye provide for yourselves water?]. (T and S; see 1, in the middle of the paragraph.) b3: And تَرَوَّتِ اللُّقْمَةُ بِالسَّمْنِ [The morsel was imbued, or soaked, with clarified butter]. (En-Nadr, TA in art. ريغ.) A2: تروّى الحَدِيثَ, and الشِّعْرَ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

A3: تَرَوَّتْ مَفَاصِلُهُ: see 8.

A4: تروّى فِيهِ: see 2, in two places.8 ارتوى: see 1, first and third sentences: b2: and see also 5, in two places. b3: ارتوت النَّخْلَةُ The palm-tree, having been planted in a hollow dug for the purpose, was watered at its root. (Lth, T.) A2: It (a rope) was twisted: (M, K:) or was twisted well, or thoroughly, or soundly: (M:) or was thick in its strands: (S:) or was composed of many strands, and thick, and very compact. (Lth, T.) b2: And ارتوت مَفَاصِلُهُ His joints (those of a beast, T, or those of a man, S) were, or became, well-proportioned and thick; (T, S, K;) and so ↓ تروّت. (M, K.) رَوٌّ: see رَوَآءٌ.

رُىٌّ: see what next follows: A2: and see also art. رى.

رِىٌّ, said by Esh-Shámee, in his “Seereh [of the Prophet],” to be also with damm [i. e. ↓ رُىٌّ, which is anomalous, like رُيَّا, for رُؤْيَا], (MF, TA,) is an inf. n. of رَوِىَ: (T, S, M, Mgh, * K:) and also (M, K) a simple subst. from that verb [meaning The state of being satisfied with drinking of water and of milk; the state in which one is satisfied with drinking or drink; the state of having drunk enough to quench, or satisfy, the thirst]. (M, Msb, K.) One says, فُلَانٌ فِى رِىٍّ

وَ مَشْبَعٍ [Such a one is in a state in which he is satisfied with drink and food]. (T, A, TA, all in art. نظر.) b2: [Also, as is indicated in the K &c., in relation to plants or herbage, or to trees, The state of having plentiful irrigation; or of being flourishing and fresh, luxuriant, juicy, succulent, or sappy, by reason of plentiful irrigation.]

A2: عَيْنٌ رِبَّةٌ A source abounding with water. (S.) A3: See also art. رى.

رِوًى: see رَوَآءٌ. b2: رُطَبٌ رِوًى Dates when they ripen [after they have been cut off,] not upon their palm-trees; as also ↓ مُرْوٍ. (TA.) رُويَا: see رُؤْيَا, in art. رأى.

رَوَآءٌ and ↓ رِوًى (T, S, M, K [in this last improperly said to be like إِلَى, which is without tenween,]) and ↓ رَوِىٌّ (M, K) Sweet water: (S:) or water that causes him who comes to it to return with his thirst satisfied; (T, S; *) applied only to water that has a continual increase, and does not become exhausted, nor cease: (T:) or abundant water, that satisfies the thirst. (M, K.) b2: [Hence,] الرَّوَآءُ is a name of The well of Zemzem. (K, TA.) A2: And رواء, (so in the TA, as from the K, and as mentioned by Az on the authority of IAar, [but I have looked for it in vain in two copies of the T, app. رَوَآءٌ, or perhaps ↓ رِوَآءٌ, like the Pers\.

رِوَا, for one of these two may be from the other,] or ↓ رَوٌّ, (so accord. to my MS. copy of the K and accord. to the TK, [but this I think very dubious, and still more strange is the reading in the CK, which is رِو,]) Abundance of herbage, or of the goods, conveniences, or comforts, of life. (K.) رُوَآءٌ [for رُؤَآءٌ, (see رِئْىٌ, in art. رأى,) or of the measure فُعَالٌ from الرِّىُّ, (see Har p. 24,)] i. q. مَنْظَرٌ [as meaning A pleasing, or goodly, aspect; or beauty of aspect]: so in the phrase رَجُلٌ لَهُ رُوَآءٌ [A man having a pleasing, or goodly, aspect]. (S.) رِوَآءٌ A rope with which the two leathern water-bags are bound upon the camel: (T:) or a rope with which goods, or furniture, or utensils, &c., are bound upon the camel; (S, K;) and with which a man is bound upon a camel, lest he should fall in consequence of his being overcome by sleep: (M, and Ham p. 321:) or one of the ropes of the [tent called] خِبَآء: and sometimes the load is bound therewith upon the camel: accord. to AHn, it is thicker than well-ropes: (M:) and ↓ مِرْوًى signifies the same: (T, K:) pl. of the former أَــرْوِيَةٌ; (T, S, K;) and of ↓ the latter مراوى, (T, K,) i. e. مَرَاوَى, and مَرَاوٍ. (TA.) A2: See also رَوَآءٌ.

رَوِىٌّ: see رَوَآءٌ. b2: Also A full, or complete, drink. (K, TA.) You say, شَرِبْتُ شُرْبًا رَوِيًّا (S, TA) I drank a full, or complete, drink. (TA.) b3: And A cloud of which the rain-drops are large, (S, K,) and vehement in their fall; like سَقِىٌّ: (S:) pl. أَــرْوِيَةٌ. (TA.) b4: And, accord. to IAar, One who gives to drink; or a waterer; syn. سَاقٍ: [in one copy of the T, in the place of السَّاقِى as explanatory of الرَّوِىُّ, I find التَّأَنِّى, which I think an evident mistranscription:] b5: and Weak: b6: and Sound in body and intellect. (All three from the T.) A2: Also The [funda-mental] rhyme-letter; (S, M, K;) the letter upon which the ode is founded, and which is indispensable in every verse thereof, in one place; as, for instance, the [final] ع in the verse here following: إِذَا قَلَّ مَالُ المَرْءِ قَلَّ صَدِيقُهُ وَ أَوْمَتْ إِلَيْهِ بِالعُيُونِ الأَصَابِعُ [When the wealth of the man becomes little, his friends become few, and, together with the eyes, the fingers make signs to him]: (Akh, M:) [when two or more letters are indispensable to the rhyme, only one of them is thus termed, according to rules fully explained in the M and in the treatises on versification:] IJ mentions رَوِيَّاتٌ as its pl.; but [ISd says,] I think him to have stated this carelessly, and not to have heard it from the Arabs. (M.) One says قَصِيدَتَانِ عَلَى

رَوِىٍّ وَاحِدٍ [Two odes constructed upon one rhymeletter; or having one fundamental rhyme-letter]. (S.) رِوَايَةٌ [an inf. n. of رَوَى, q. v., when used as a subst., meaning A relation, or recital, &c.,] has for its pl. رَوَايَا. (JM.) See رَاوِيَةٌ, last sentence but one.

رَوِيَّةٌ A want, or thing wanted: (A 'Obeyd, T, S:) so in the saying, لَنَا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ رَوِيَّةٌ [We have a want to be supplied to us on the part of such a one; meaning we want a thing of such a one]: (A 'Obeyd, T:) and لَنَا قِبَلَكَ رَوِيَّةٌ [We have a want to be supplied to us on thy part; we want a thing of thee]. (S.) b2: And The remainder of a debt and the like. (S.) A2: Also, (S,) or رَوِيَّةٌ فِى أَمْرٍ, (M, K, *) thus usually pronounced without ء, (S,) [originally رَوِيْئَةٌ,] Inspection, examination, consideration, or thought, of an affair; (S, M, K;) without haste: (M:) pl. رَوَايَا. (JM, TA.) You say, مَضَى عَلَى وَجْهِهِ بِغَيْرِ رَوِيَّةٍ [He went at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, without consideration]. (A in art. ركب.) See رَاوِيَةٌ, near the end. [See also رَوِيْئَةٌ in art. روأ.) رَجُلٌ رَوَّآءٌ A man whose habitual work, or occupation, is the drawing of water by means of the رَاوِيَة [q. v.]: you say, جَآءَ رَوَّآءُ القَوْمِ [The people's habitual drawer of water by means of the راوية came]. (T.) رَيَّا [originally رَوْيَا] A sweet odour (T, M, K) of anything. (T.) One says of a woman, إِنَّهَا لَطَيِّبَةُ الرَّيَّا, meaning Verily she is sweet in the odour of her body: and hence the saying of Imrael-Keys, إِذَا قَامَتَا تَضَوَّعَ المِسْكُ مِنْهُمَا نَسِيمَ الصَّبَا جَآءَتْ بِرَيَّا القَرَنْفُلِ [When they stand, the fragrance of musk is diffused from them, like the breath of the east wind that has brought the sweet odour of the clove]. (T.) A2: It is also fem. of رَيَّانُ. (T, S, M, &c.) رَيَّانُ [originally رَوْيَانُ] an epithet from رَوِىَ; (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) Satisfied with drinking [of water and of milk &c.]; having drunk [thereof] enough to quench, or satisfy, his thirst; contr. of عَطْشَانُ: (S, Mgh: *) fem. رَيَّا, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) in which the ى is not changed into و because the word is an epithet; for it is changed into و only in a subst., of the measure فَعْلَى, of which ى is the final radical, as in تَقْوَى; so that if it were a subst., it would be رَوَّى; (S, M;) originally رَوْيَا: (M:) as to رَيَّا that is thought to be used as the proper name of a woman, it is, thus used, an epithet, like الحَارِثُ and العَبَّاسُ, though without the article ال: (S, * M:) the pl. is روَآءٌ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) with kesr and medd., (S,) in measure like كِتَابٌ, (Msb,) masc. and fem. (Mgh, Msb.) You say قَوْمٌ رِوَآءٌ مِنَ المَآءِ [A people, or party, satisfied with drinking of water]. (S.) b2: And نَبْتٌ رَيَّانُ and شَجَرٌ رِوَآءٌ [A plant, or herbage, and trees, having plentiful irrigation: or flourishing and fresh, luxuriant, juicy, succulent, or sappy, by reason of plentiful irrigation: see the verb]. (M.) b3: [Hence,] رَيَّانُ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Full of fat and flesh. (JM.) And you say وَجْهٌ رَيَّانُ (tropical:) [A plump face]; an expression of dispraise [app. when relating to a man, but not otherwise; for رَيَّانُ, or رَيَّا, applied to a youth, or to a woman, or a limb of a woman, meaning plump and juicy, is used by way of praise]: opposed to وَجْهٌ ظَمْآنُ. (A and TA in art. ظمأ.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ رَيَّا المُخَلْخَلِ (assumed tropical:) [A woman full, or plump, in the place of the anklet]. (JM.) And فَرَسٌ رَيَّانُ الظَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) A horse fat in the portion of flesh and sinew next the back-bone on each side. (T.) رَاوٍ [as the act. part. n. of رَوَى] is used in relation to water [as meaning Bringing, or one who brings, water to his family: and drawing, or one who draws, water for others: and a camel carrying, or that carries, water; whence the subst.

رَاوِيَةٌ, q. v.]. (S, TA.) b2: And [hence] it is used also in relation to poetry (T, S, M) and to traditions or narratives or stories (T, M, Mgh, K) [as meaning A relater, reciter, or rehearser, by heart, of poetry, and of traditions, or narratives or stories, learned, or heard, or received, from another]: and in like manner ↓ رَاوِيَةٌ, but in an intensive sense [as meaning a large, or copious, relater or reciter or rehearser, &c.]; (T, S, M, Mgh, K;) i. e. كَثِيرُ الرِّوَايَةِ; (T, * TA;) as in the phrase رَجُلٌ رَاوِيَةٌ لِلشِّعْرِ [a man who is a large, or copious, relater &c. of poetry]: (S:) the pl. of رَاوٍ is رُوَاةٌ. (S, TA.) A2: Also One who has the superintendence, management, or care, of horses (مَنْ يَقُومُ عَلَى الخَيْلِ [strangely rendered by Freytag, who seems to have read عَلَى الجَمَلِ, “constrictus fune et stans super cameli dorso ”]). (M, K.) رَاوِيَةٌ A camel, (A 'Obeyd, T, S, K,) or a mule, or an ass, (S, and so in the K with the exception of “ and ” for “ or,”) upon which water is drawn: (A 'Obeyd, T, S, K: [see سَانِيَةٌ:]) or a camel that carries water; (M, * Mgh, Msb;) and then applied to any beast upon which water is drawn: (Msb:) [but it is disputed whether this be the primary or proper signification, or whether it be secondary or tropical, as will be shown by what follows:] and also a man who draws water (A 'Obeyd, T, TA) for his family: (TA:) the ة is affixed [لِلنَّقْلِ, i. e. for the purpose of transferring the word from the category of epithets to that of substantives; or] to give intensiveness to the signification: (Msb:) pl. رَوَايَا [by rule رَوَآءٍ, being originally of the measure فَوَاعِلُ, not فَعَائِلُ]. (S, M, TA.) Also A مَزَادَة [or leathern water-bag] (A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, Mgh) composed of three skins, (Mgh,) containing water; (M, K;) so called as being the receptacle in which is the water borne by the camel [thus called]; (A 'Obeyd, T;) or the مزادة is thus termed by the vulgar, but this application of the word is allowable as metaphorical: (S:) or it signifies a pair of such water-bags (مَزَادَتَانِ [see مَزَادَةٌ in art. زيد]): (T:) [accord. to ISd,] it is applied to the مزادة, and then to the camel, because of the nearness of the latter to the former: (M:) or its primary application is to the camel: (S, Mgh:) accord. to some, its application to the camel is proper; and to the مزادة, tropical: accord. to others, the reverse is the case: (MF, TA:) the pl. is رَوَايَا, as above. (Mgh, TA.) b2: One says of a weak person who is in easy circumstances, مَا يَرُدُّ الرَّاوِيَةَ, meaning He is unable to turn back the راوية [or camel bearing a water-bag or pair of water-bags,] notwithstanding its being heavily burdened by the water that is upon it. (M.) b3: And the Prophet applied the appellation رَوَايَا البِلَادِ [The camels bearing water for the irrigation of the countries, or the water-bags borne by camels for the irrigation of the countries,] to (assumed tropical:) the clouds, by way of comparison. (TA.) b4: رَوَايَا is also applied as an appellation to (assumed tropical:) The chiefs of a people; (IAar, Th, T;) as pl. of رَاوِيَةٌ; the chief who bears the burden of the bloodwits owed by the tribe being likened to the camel thus termed. (T, M. *) A Temeemee, mentioning a party that had attacked his tribe, said, لَقِينَاهُمْ فَقَتَلْنَا الرَّوَايَا وَ أَبَحْنَا الزَّوَايَا meaning [We encountered them, and] we slew the chiefs, and gave permission to occupy, or to plunder, the houses, or tents. (T.) b5: رَوَايَا also occurs in a trad., in which it is said, شَرُّ الرَّوَايَا رَوَايَا الكَذِبِ, and accord. to some, it is, in this instance, pl. of رَاوِيَةٌ (JM, TA) in the first of the senses explained above; so that the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) The worst of those who carry tidings are those who carry false tidings; such persons being likened to the beasts so called, in respect of the fatigue that they undergo: (JM:) or it is pl. of ↓ رَوِيَّةٌ; (JM, TA;) and the meaning is, the worst of thoughts are those that are untrue, not right, nor tending to good: or it is pl. of ↓ رِوَايَةٌ; and the meaning is, the worst of relations, or recitals, are those that are untrue. (JM.) b6: See also رَاوٍ.

أَرْوَى: see the next paragraph, in two places.

أُــرْوِيَّةٌ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) originally [أُرْوُويَةٌ,] of the measure أُفْعُوِلَةٌ, (S, M, Msb,) and إِــرْوِيَّةٌ, (Lh, M, K,) The female of the وُعُول, (El-Ahmar, A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, Msb, K,) which means mountain-goats: (TA:) or the female and the male; the former of which is also called عَنْزٌ, and the latter وَعِلٌ; (Az, T, Msb;) and which are of the [kind called] شَآءٌ; not of the [kind called] بَقَرٌ: (Az, T:) pl. أَرَاوِىٌّ, (El-Ahmar, A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, Msb, K,) of the measure أَفَاعِيلُ, (S,) a pl. of pauc., Msb,) applied to three (El-Ahmar, A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, K) and more, to ten [inclusive], (El-Ahmar, A 'Obeyd, T, M, K,) and ↓ أَرْوَى, applied to many, (El-Ahmar, A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, Msb, K,) of the measure أَفْعَلُ, (S, M, Msb,) erroneously held by Abu-l-'Abbás to be of the measure فَعْلَى; (M;) an irregular pl.; (Msb, K;) or [rather] it is a quasi-pl. n.; (M, K;) and أَرَوِىُّ is a broken pl. (M.) It is also a proper name of a woman: and so is ↓ أَرْوَى. (S.) مُرْوٍ: see رِوًى

مِرْوًى: see رِوَآءٌ, in two places.

رو

أ2 روّأ فِى الأَمْرِ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. تَرْوِئَةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) or تَــرْوِيَةٌ, (so in one of my copies of the S,) after the manner of a verb with an infirm final radical, like تَزْكِيَةٌ, inf. n. of زَكَّى, (TA,) and تَرْوِىْءٌ, (S, K,) agreeably with analogy; (TA;) and, accord. to IDrst, in his Expos. of the Fs, رَوَّى also is allowable; but the former is the original; or, accord. to the L, the former is anomalous, like حَلَّأْتُ in the phrase حَلَّأْتُ السَّوِيقَ; (TA;) He looked into the thing, or affair, or case; inspected it; examined it; considered it; or thought upon it; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) and thought upon it repeatedly; syn. تَعَقَّبَهُ; (M, L, K, TA;) i. e. رَدَّدَ فِيهِ فِكْرَهُ; (TA;) not hastening to reply: (S, K:) and رَيَّأَ signifies the same; (K in art. ريأ;) i. q. فَكَّرَ; (T;) or, accord. to some, it is a mispronunciation. (MF.) b2: Hence, يَوْمُ التَّــرْوِيَةِ The eighth day of [the month] Dhu-l-Hijjeh; originally with ء: its derivation from الرُّؤْيَةُ is a mistake; and its derivation from الرِّىُّ requires consideration. (Mgh.) [See 2 in art. روى.]4 أَرْوَأَ It (a place) abounded with the [kind of plant, or tree, called] رَآء: (Az, AAF, K:) or so أَرْوَأَتْ, said of land (أَرْض). (M.) رَآءٌ A kind of [plant, or] tree, (T, * S, M, K, &c.,) that grows in plain, or soft, land, (T, M, TA,) having a white fruit: or, as some say, a kind of dust-coloured tree, having a red fruit: (M, TA:) n. un. رَآءَةٌ: (T, S, M, K:) and dim.

↓ رُوَيْئَةٌ: (M, TA:) AHn says that the رآءة is not taller nor broader than a sitting man: and accord. to one of the Arabs of the desert of 'Omán, it is a tree that rises on a stem, and then there branch forth [so in the M, but accord. to the TA, rise,] from it round, rough leaves: others, he adds, say that it is a small tree of the mountains, resembling an عظلمة [q. v.], having a soft white flower like cotton: (M, TA: [but in the latter, the word rendered “ soft ” is omitted:]) some say that it is a species of the kind of tree called طَلْح [acacia, or mimosa, gummifera], and is the tree that grew at the cave in which were the Prophet and Aboo-Bekr: so say Suh and others: it is, they say, of the height of a man, and has white flowers, resembling cotton, with which cushions are stuffed, like feathers in lightness and softness: it is said by IHsh to be the same [tree] that is called أُمُّ غَيْلَان [see art. غيل]; but they have found fault with him. [for so saying]: it is not the عُشَر [asclepias gigantea], as one author has supposed; but a tree resembling this: (MF, TA:) such is the truth: the رآء is not the عشر: I have seen them both [says SM] in El-Yemen; and with the fruit of each of them cushions and pillows are stuffed: but the fruit of the عشر commences small; then increases to the size of the باذنجانة [or fruit of the egg-plant, and much larger, like a bladder]; and then breaks open, disclosing what is like cotton: and the fruit of the رآء is not thus: the عشر [he adds] is not found in Egypt; but it and the رآء are peculiar to El-Hijáz and the neighbouring parts; [in saying this, however, he errs; for I have seen the عشر in abundance in the deserts of the upper part of the Sa'eed;] and the saddles of camels &c. are stuffed with the fruit of the رآء in El-Hijáz. (TA.) b2: Also The foam of the sea. (AHeyth, K.) A2: And One of the letters of the alphabet. (TA.) [See the letter ر.]

A3: See also art. ريأ.

رَآءَةٌ n. un. of رَآءٌ. (T, S, M, K.) A2: See also رَايَةٌ, in art. رى.

رَوِيْئَةٌ, or, as some say, only رَوِيَّةٌ, without ء; (M;) the latter was the usual form, without ء; (S, Msb;) or each; (K;) a subst. from رَوَّأَ فِى; الأَمْرِ; (S, K;) meaning Inspection, examination, consideration, or thought; (S, * M, Msb, K; *) and repeated inspection or examination or consideration; (M, * Msb, K, * TA;) or consideration of the issues, or results, of an affair; (Msb;) without haste to reply. (S, * K, * TA.) You say, فُلَانٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ رَوِيَّةٌ [Such a one has no inspection, &c.]. (T.) It precedes what is termed عَزِيمَةٌ [i. e. resolution, or determination, &c.], and follows what is termed بَدِيهَةٌ [i. e. intuitive knowledge, &c.]: one has well said, بَدِيهَتُهُ تَحُلُّ عُرَى المَعَانِى

إِذَا انْغَلَقَتْ فَتَكْفِيهِ الرَّوِيَّهْ [His intuitive knowledge undoes the loops of meanings when they are fast closed, and inspection suffices him]. (Har p. 8.) [See also رَوِيَّةٌ in art. روى.]

رُوَيْئَةٌ dim. of رَآءٌ, q. v. (M, TA.) قَصيدَةٌ رَائيَّةٌ and رَاوِيَّةٌ and رَيِّيَّةٌ A قصيدة of which the رَوِىَّ is ر. (TA in باب الالف الليّنة.)

رأى: رأى: المصدر منه رُؤْيا (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 81).
ورأى في القرآن الكريم إذا أسندت إلى الباري تعالى فمعناها علم فيما يقول المفسرون. ومثله ما جاء في كليلة ودمنة (ص285): الحمد لله الذي علَّمكما مِمَّا رأى.
ورأى تأتي بمعنى visum est ei باللاتينية مثل: فرأى إعمال الحيلة. وكذلك بمعنى: رضي، ارتضى (معجم الإدريسي).
رأيت الوحوش التي كنت تأكلين أما كان لها آباء وأمهات. أي ماذا تظنين أو ما رأيك في الوحوش التي كنت الخ (كليلة ودمنة ص262)، وفي الفخري (ص74): تَرَى هذا النجَّاب إلى أين يمشي في هذا الوقت. أي ما ظنك أو ما رأيك بهذا النجاب، الخ؟ (ولا أدري لماذا طبع الناشر نُرِي).
كما يقال: ما ترى (ويجرز ص31)، ففي النويري (الأندلس ص477): ما ترى فيما نحن فيه. كما يقال: كيف رأيت. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص11): كيف رأيت عظم حيلتي مع صفر جثَّتي.
ورأى: تأمل، تروَّى. ففي رحلة ابن بطوطة (3: 46): أرأيت إن اجتمعوا عليه ما يكون من العمل، أي هل ترويت ما سيحصل إن اجتمعوا عليه؟ ورأى: تشاور، ائتمر، تآمر (معجم الإدريسي).
رأيتُ رَأْياً: وجدت وسيلة (كوسج طرائف ص 100).
رأى عجباً: تعجب، استغرب (بوشر).
ألا ترى إلى فعله: أرأيت شيئاً مثل هذا؟ وكذلك: ما ترى طيب هذه الليلة أي هل رأيت ليلة طيبة مثل هذه الليلة؟ وما ترى ما جاءت به أو أما ترى ما جاءت به (معجم الطرائف).
تَرَى، أَتَرَى، يا تَرَى، ريت (تصحيف رَأَيْتُ) يا ريت، يا هل ترى. هذه الألفاظ تستعمل في لغة العامة فنجدها مثلاً كثيرة الورد في ألف ليلة وفي قصة عنتر مستعملة للتعجب، كما أنها تدل على الاستفهام عما يرغب فيه، فيقال مثلاً: ترى متى يرجع. ويا ابن أخي ترى متى يجمع الله شملنا وشملك (كوسان قواعد العربية والعامية ص330، فليشر معجم ص76).
وفي المعجم اللاتيني - العربي نجد an numquid أم وأَتُرا، و ergon Ahjbvh, estne أَتُرا ولَعَلَّ. و ( numquid) num هل وتُرَى، و Putasm لَعَلَّما وأتُرَامَا، وفي معجم فوك: تُرى في مادة nunquid. والتاء في جميعها مضمومة. كما جاء في الفخري وربما وفقاً للمخطوطة، ففيها (ص371): يقال أنه ملأ بركة من الذهب فرآها يوماً وقد بقي يَعُوزها حتى تمتلئ وتفيض شيء يسير فقال تُرَى أعيش حتى املأها فمات قبل ذلك، ويُقال أن المستنصر شاهَدَ هذه البركة فقال تُرَى أَعِيشُ حتى أُفْنِيهَا وكذلك فعل.
وفي طرائف فريتاج (ص74) عليك أن تقرأ: كيف حاله يا تَرى بدل نرَى التي غيرها الناشر ب ((بني)) وهو مخطئ. ومعناها: كيف صحته! ويا ترى في معجم بوشر معناها: مما يرتاب فيه، من المشكوك فيه.
يا ريت: إن شاء الله (بوشر).
يا ريتني كنت أعرف أن: يا ليتني كنت أعرف أن (بوشر).
أَرَى: جعله يرى، أطلع على. ويقال بدل أراه أي جعله يراه وأطلعه عليه، أراه له، ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص140): أريد أن أريها لصديق لي.
ترأّى. تَرَيَّا مع: تشاور مع (فوك).
ارتأى: تأمل، أمعن في الفحص (المقدمة 3: 228).
رَأْي. رَأْيَ العَينِ: مشاهدة (فوك).
ورَأْي: فكرة، خطة، ففي كرتاس (ص 6)، فقال الرأي ما رأيت. أي أن فكرتك تعجبني فأنا أفضل العمل بها. ويطلق بخاصة على الفكرة الحسنة والخطة الحكيمة، ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 274): وشاور في ذلك كبار التابعين وأشراف العرب فرأوه رأياً.
ورأي في علم الفقه: قياس (انظر لين) وفقهاء العراق الذين ليس لديهم إلا أحاديث قليلة يقولون بالرأي ولذلك أطلق عليهم أهل الرأي وأصحاب الرأي. وكان أبو حنيفة رئيس هذا المذهب.
أما في الحجاز فالأمر على خلاف هذا فمالك بن أنس والشافعي وتلاميذهما فكانوا من أصحاب الحديث. وأما الظاهرية الذين ينكرون الرأي فقد كانوا أكثر تمسكاً بالحديث (المقدمة 3: 2 وما يليه).
وآراء فقهاء العراق التي تعتمد على القياس والتي جمعت بعد ذلك تؤلف علماً مستقلاً يسمى الرأي. ففي المقري (1: 622): كان فقيهاً في الرأي حافظاً، وفي (1: 623): كان عالماً بالرأي. وفي حيان (ص27 ر): روى الحديث كثيراً وطالع الرأيَ.
ولابد أن نلاحظ أن كلمة الرأي تعني عند المالكية والشافعية والحنابلة شيئاً أكثر مما تعنيه كلمة القياس. فهم يتهمون فقهاء الحنفية بالإسراف في استعمال القياس فيتركون ما جاء في القرآن والسنّة وأقوال الأئمة من قبلهم اعتماداً منهم على الرأي (انظر ابن خلكان 1: 272 مع تعليقة دي سلان في الترجمة 1: 534 رقم 1).
الرأي والمشورة: نقرأ في كرتاس (ص114) أن المهدي جعل المرتبة الأولى من مراتب حاشيته إلى العشرة والمرتبة الثانية إلى الخمسين وجعل الخمسين للرأي والمشورة، أي جعل منهم مستشاريه.
ولهذا التعبير معنى أخر لأن الفقيه عبد الله ابن ياسين كان يتولى السلطة العليا على البربر الذين يدور عليهم الكلام وأنهم حين لم يرتضوه ((عزلوه عن الرأي والمشورة))، ويمكن أن نفترض أنه كان يصدر أوامره بصورة مشورة لكيلا يجرح مشاعرهم.
رأي وأمان: عفو عام، يقال مثلاً: أعطى الرأي والأمان للجميع أي عفا عنهم جميعاً (بوشر).
رأي وراء وري أيضاً (من القبطية راي)، انظر زيشر (لغة مصر 1868 ص55، ص83): نوع من حوت سليمان (صومون)، منه كبير يزن ثلاث لبرات (كيلو ونصف)، ومنه صغير أبيض براق أحمر مؤخر الذنب، وهذا النوع الأخير يلمحه أهل مصر ويطلقون عليه اسم صير (انظر المصنفين اللذين ذكروا في معجم الإدريسي).
وراي: سردين وهو سمك صغير يعلب مكبوساً بالزيت (بوشر).
وراي: كتابة الكلمة الإسبانية ray أي ملك (ابن بطوطة 3: 318) وانظر ويندوس (ص75).
وراي: كتابة الكلمة الهندية رايا أو راجا أي ملك (ابن بطوطة 3: 318)، وفي (4: 85) من رحلة ابن بطوطة: ري، وفي إحدى مخطوطاتها: راي. وفي مسالك الأبصار (تعليقات 13: 219): الرا.
راية: كانوا في ميدان سباق الخيل يركزون في آخر المضمار علماً، ومن هذا أصبحت كلمة راية ترادف كلمة غاية وهي نهاية الميدان. فيقال مثلاً: كانت قرطبة منتهى الغاية ومَرْكَز الراية (بسام 3: 1 ق). وفي قلائد العقيان (ص58): ووله نَظْم وَنَثْر ما قصرا عن الغاية ولا اقصرا عن تلقي الراية.
أهل الراية: كان يطلق هذا الاسم على جماع من العرب من مختلف القبائل اجتمعوا تحت راية واحدة، وقد نزلوا ما وراء القاهرة. انتظر ابن خلكان (1: 386) وما يليها.
ذوات الرايات: هنّ البغايا في الجاهلية لأنهن كن يرفعن راية على مساكنهن ليعرفن (الفخري ص144).
راية: سمك الراي (رولاند).
رُؤْيَا: يقال لتمنى السعادة لمن يريد النوم: ليلتكم سعيدة، فيجاب: برؤياكم (بوشر).
رُؤْيَة: فجر، طلوع النهار، في القسم الأول من معجم فوك، وفي القسم الثاني منه: يرقان، صَفَر، أبو صفار.
رُؤْيَة: رأي، فكرة (بوشر).
رُؤْيَة: سيماء، مظهر، هيئة (بوشر).
رِئَاءً، نجد عند العبدري (58 ق) العبارة: فعل ذلك رثاءً وسُمْعَةً وهي تعني معنى آخر غير الذي ذكره كل من فريتاج ولين. وذلك لأنه يقول: وأصروا على الوقوف بعرفة يوم الجمعة (ولم يكن اليوم الصحيح للوقوف) فيبطلون حجَّهم - رئاءً وسمعة. ومعنى هذا عند العبدري: جهرة وعلانية.
تَرْأَى. مرأى العقل: رأي، فكرة (بوشر).
مُرْيءٍ (فهرس) ومُورِي أيضاً: وهو في الإسطرلاب خيط صغير يربط بالكبير ويتحرك ابتداء من المركز.
ومُرْيء: إبرة تشبه عقرب الساعة.
ومُرْئٍ: مشير، دال، وربوة صغيرة في فلك البروج بين برج الجدي أو برج الحمل وبين برج القوس. ويسمى أيضاً مري راس الحمل أي الدال على راس الحمل (دورن) وهو المري عند ألف استر (2: 235).
مراء تصحيف مُراآة: رياء (أماري ص21).
مراء تصحيف مُراآة: رياء، فريسية (بوشر).
مِرْآة: مراية، سجنجل، وهي اسم جنس عند الإدريسي (معجم الإدريسي).
ومرات تصحيف مِراة (المقري 2: 284)، وانظر فليشر (بريشت ص207).
ومرا وتجمع على أَمْرِيَة (فوك، ألكالا)، وهذا الجمع أمرية موجود في كتاب أبي الوليد، ففيه (ص796): الأمرية التي تنظر بها النساء وجوههن.
ومرآة: نظّارة، عوينات، ففي ابن البيطار (2: 4): وإذا اتخذ منه (السبج) مراة نفع من ضعف البصر الحادث عن الكبر وعن علة حادثة وأزال الخيالات وبدء نزول الماء.
ويذكر ألكالا الجمع العامي أَمْرِيَة بمعنى ( antojos, espejulos antojos) .
مراة هِنْديَّة: مراة الهند (أنظرها في مادة هند). مُرْئِيّ: منظور، معاين، ظاهر (بوشر).
مَرِيَّة: برج يطوف عليه العسس (معجم الإدريسي).
مِرَايَة: وتجمع على مِرايات ومري: مرآة، بلورة يرى الناظر فيها نفسه (بوشر).
مِرَاية: مرآة سحرية، فانوس سحري (آلة تعكس الصور مكبرة) (برتون 1: 370).
مُراياه، تصحيف مراآة: نفاق، دَجَل، تضليل بالمظاهر (بوشر).
مِرَاياتيّ: صانع المرايا وبائعها (بوشر).

ر

أى

رَأَى, (S, M, &c.,) for which some say رَا [suppressing the ء and the ى,] (M,) and some say رَآءَ, (T in art. بوأ, and M and K in art. ريأ,) like خَافَ, (TA in the latter art.,) formed by transposition, (T in art. بوأ,) first Pers\. رَأَيْتُ, (M, Msb, K, &c.,) for which some say رَيْتُ, without ء, (T, S, M,) but the former is that which is general and preferred, (T, M,) aor. ـَ (T, S, M,) for which يَرْأَى, agreeably with the root, is said by none except [the tribe of] Teym-erRibáb, (T, M,) or by such as require this form in poetry, (S,) sec. Pers\. fem. sing. and pl., alike, تَرَيْنَ, so that you say تَرَيْنَنِى [with an affixed pronoun], and if you will you may say تَرَيْنِّى, incorporating one ن into the other by teshdeed, (S,) imperative رَ and إِرْءَ (Az, T, S, M,) the people of El-Hijáz saying رَ dual رَيَا, pl. masc.

رَوْا and fem. رَيْنَ, and Teym saying اِرْءَ &c., (T, M,) inf. n. رُؤْيَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and رِيَّةٌ, (T, M, K,) the former being altered to رُوْيَةٌ and then to رُيَّةٌ and then to رِيَّةٌ, (T, M,) and رَأْىٌ (T, S, K) and رَآءَةٌ, (S, M, K, [in the CK رَأَة,]) like رَاعَةٌ [in measure], (S,) in which the ة is not necessarily a restrictive to unity, (M,) and رَايَةٌ (K [but this I do not find elsewhere]) and رِئْيَانٌ, (Lh, M, TA,) for which last we find in the copies of the K رُؤْيَان, (TA,) He saw [a person or thing] with the eye: (S:) in this sense the verb has [only] one objective complement: (S, Msb:) you say, رَأَيْتُهُ (T, M, Msb, K) and ↓ اِستَرْأَيْتُهُ, (T, M, K,) for which some say اِسْتَرَيْتُهُ, (T, M,) and ↓ اِرْتَأَيْتُهُ, (T, M, K,) for which some say اِرْتَيْتُهُ, (T, M,) all signifying the same, (T, M, K,) I saw him, or it, (a person and a thing, Msb) with the eye; (T, M, Msb, K, TA;) [or so,] and also, with the mind. (M and K in relation to the first, and K in relation to all.) رُؤْيَةٌ is of several sorts: (TA:) first, it signifies The seeing with the eye: (M, K, TA:) and with what serves for the same purpose as the organ of sight; as in the saying in the Kur [ix. 106], وَقُلِ اعْمَلُوا فَسَيَرَىاللّٰهُ عَمَلَكُمْ [And Say thou, Work ye, for God will see your work]; because the sense of sight cannot be attributed to God: (TA:) [and similar to this is the phrase, رَأَى فِيهِ كَذَا He saw in him such a thing: and رَأَى مِنْهُ كَذَا He experienced from him such a thing.] Secondly, The seeing by supposition, or fancy; as in the saying, أَرَى أَنَّ زَيْدًا مُنْطَلِقٌ [I suppose, or fancy, that Zeyd is going away]. (TA.) Thirdly, The seeing by reflection, or consideration; as in the saying [in the Kur viii. 50], إِنِّى أَرَى مَا لَا تَرَوْنَ [Verily I see by reflection, or consideration, what ye see not]. (TA.) Fourthly, The seeing with the mind, or mentally; [the opining, or judging, a thing; a sense in which the inf. n. رَأْىٌ is more commonly used;] (M, * K, * TA;) as in the saying in the Kur [liii. 11], مَا كَذَبَ الفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَى [The heart did not belie what he mentally saw]. (TA.) [Of these meanings, other exs. here follow; with exs. of similar meanings.] b2: An ex. of رَا for رَأَى occurs in the saying of a poet, مَنْ رَا مِثْلَ مَعْدَانَ بْنِ َحْيَى

[Who has seen the like of Maadán the son of Yahyà? the measure being وَافِر, with the first foot reduced to مُفْعَلْتُنْ]. (M.) الحَمْدُلِلّٰهِ عَلَى

رِيَّتِكِ, for رُؤْيَتِكَ, altered in the manner explained above, [meaning Praise be to God for the seeing of thee,] (M, K, *) is a saying mentioned by IAar. (M.) صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ means [Fast ye] at the time of seeing it; [referring to the new moon of Ramadán;] i. e., when ye see it. (Mgh.) In the phrase رَأَيْتُهُ قَائِمًا [I saw him standing], قائما is in the accus. case as a denotative of state. (Msb.) رَأْىُ عَيْنِى زَيْدًا فَعَلَ ذَاكَ [My eye saw (lit. my eye's seeing) Zeyd do that] is held by Sb to be an instance of an anomalous use of an inf. n., and is [said to be] the only instance of the kind, among inf. ns. of trans. verbs except سَمْعُ أُذُنِى. (M, TA: but in a copy of the former written رَأْىَ عينى and سَمْعَاذنى.) رَأَيْتُهُ رَأْىَ العَيْنِ means[I saw him, or it,] where the eye, or sight, fell upon him, or it. (TA.) بِعَيْنٍ مَّا أَرَيَنَّكَ [lit. With some eye I will assuredly see thee] is a saying mentioned by Az as meaning hasten thou, (اِعْجَلْ thus in copies of the S and in the TA, or عَجِّلْ as in one copy of the S,) or work thou, (اِعْمَلْ, thus in two copies of the S,) and be as though I were looking at thee: (S, TA:) it is said to one whom you send, and require to be quick; and means pause not for anything, for it is as though I were looking at thee. (TA in art. عين.) رَأَى المَكَانُ المَكَانَ (tropical:) The place faced [or (as we say) looked upon] the place, as though seeing it, (M, TA,) is tropical: (TA:) [and in like manner you say,] دَارِى تَرَى دَارَهُ (tropical:) My house faces [or looks upon] his house. (T, IAth, TA.) b3: رَأَىفِى مَنَامِهِ رُؤْيَا [He saw, i. e. fancied that he saw, in his sleep, a vision, or dream]. (S, Msb, K. *) b4: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى كَذَا [Has thou not considered such a thing, so as to be admonished thereby?] is a phrase used on an occasion of wonder (IAth, K, TA) at a thing, and in rousing the attention of the person to whom it is addressed; as in the saying in the Kur [ii. 244], أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ [Hast thou not considered those who went forth from their houses, so as to be admonished by their case?]; meaning, hast thou not wondered at their act, and has not their case come to thy knowledge? and so in other instances in the same: (IAth, TA:) Er-Rághib says that, when رَأَيْت is made trans. by means of إِلَى, it denotes consideration that leads to the becoming admonished. (TA.) In like manner also, (IAth, K,) أَرَأَيْتَكَ and أَرَأَيْتَكُمَا and أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ, (T, IAth, K,) and to a woman أَرَأَيْتَكِ, and to a pl. number of women أَرَأَيْتَكُنَّ, (T,) [which may be lit. rendered Hast thou, and have ye two, &c., considered?] are expressions used to arouse attention, (IAth, TA,) meaning tell thou me and tell ye two me &c.; (T, IAth, K;) as in the saying in the Kur [xvii. 64], قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَكَ هٰذَا الَّذِى كَرَّمْتُ عَلَىَّ [He said, Hast thou considered? meaning tell me, respecting this whom Thou hast honoured above me]; and in the same [vi. 40 and 47], قَلْ أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ إِنْ أَتَاكُمْ عَذَابُ اللّٰهِ [Say thou, Have ye considered? meaning tell me, if the punishment of God come upon you]; and occurring without the ك in other places thereof: (IAth, TA:) you say also, أَرَأَيْتَ زَيْدًا and أَرَأَيْتَكَ زَيْدًا, meaning Tell thou me [respecting Zeyd]: (Mgh:) and for أَرَأَيْتَ and أَرَأَيْتَكَ [&c.] some say أَرَيْتَ and أَرَيْتَكَ: (S:) the pronunciation without ء is the more common: the ت in أَرَأَيْتَكَ &c. is always with fet-h; and accord. to the grammarians of accredited science, the ك in these cases is redundant; (T;) [i. e.] it is a particle of allocution, to corroborate the pronoun [ت, which it therefore immediately follows in every case, distinguishing the genders and numbers by its own variations, which are the same as those of the pronominal affix of the second person]: (Bd in vi. 40:) [IHsh says,] the correct opinion is that of Sb; that the ت is an agent, and the ك is a particle of allocution: (Mughnee in art. ك:) but sometimes أَرَأَيْتَكَ &c. mean هَلْ رَأَيْتَ نَفْسَكَ &c.; the ك being in this case an objective complement [and the verb being differently rendered according as it has not, or has, a second objective complement, as is shown here by what precedes and what follows]. (T.) In أَتُرَاكَ, also, [from ↓ أُرِىَ, not from رُئِىَ,] meaning اتظنّ [i. e. أَتَظُنُّ, Thinkest thou?], the pronoun [as some term it, but properly the final particle,] is [a particle of allocution] like that in أَرَأَيْتَكَ in the Kur vi. 40 and 47 [cited above; and in the same sense as this latter phrase, أَتُرَاكَ is used, as meaning tell thou me]. (Har p. 570.) b5: When رَأَى means He knew, (S, Msb,) or he thought, (Msb,) it has two objective complements: (S, Msb:) or when it has two objective complements, it necessarily means knowing [or the like]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [In this case, رَآهُ may be rendered He saw, or knew, him, or it, to be: and he thought, or judged, or held, him, or it, to be; or he regarded, or held, him, or it, as.] Yousay, رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا عَالِمًا, (S, Msb, *) or حَلِيمًا, (M,) I knew [or saw Zeyd to be learned, or forbearing]; (S, M, Msb;) as though seeing him to be so with the eye: (M:) and I thought him [&c.] to be so. (Msb.) In like manner, also, ↓ تَرَآءَيْتُهُ signifies I thought him to be. (Har p. 211.) يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْىَ العَيْنِ, in the Kur [iii. 11], means They [who were the unbelievers] thinking them [who were fighting in the cause of God] twice as many as they, according to the evidence of the sight of the eye. (TA.) The pass. form of رَأَى has [only] one objective complement: you say, رُئِىَ زَيْدٌ عَاقِلًا, meaning Zeyd was thought [to be intelligent]: (TA:) and اَلَّذِى أُرَاهُ, with the verb in the pass. form, means الذىاظنّ [i. e.

أُظَنُّ, He whom I am thought to be; if from رُئِىَ: or الذىأَظُنُّ, what I think, if from ↓ أُرِىَ: it is often used in the latter sense]. (Msb.) b6: You say also, رَأَى فِى الأَمْرِ رَأْيًا [He formed, or held, an opinion, or a persuasion, or a belief, respecting the affair, or case]: (Msb:) and so فِىالفِقْهِ [in the science of the law]. (S.) and الَّذِى أَرَاهُ That to which I take, or which I hold, as my opinion, or persuasion, or belief. (Msb.) and فُلَانٌ يَرَى رَأْىَ الشُّرَاةِ Such a one holds, or believes, the tenets, or belief, of the شراة [a certain sect of schismatics; pl. of شَارٍ]. (M.) When رَأَى is [thus] used as meaning He held, or believed, it has [only] one objective complement. (Msb.) b7: لَا تَرَ مَا (T, K, TA, [mentioned also in the K in art. ترم, in which art. in the CK CK it is written لا تَرْما,]) and لَا تَرَى مَا, and لَوْ تَرَ مَا, and لَوْ تَرَىمَا, (T, TA, [in copies of the K أَوْتَرَ مَا, which I think a mistranscription, and for which is put in the TA, as on the authority of IAar, اذ تر ما, app. a mistranscription of a mistranscription, i. e. of اوترما,]) and لَمْ تَرَ مَا, (T, K, TA,) in this last case with تَرَ [only, agreeably with a general rule], are forms of expression meaning لَا سِيَّمَا [i. e., virtually, Above all, or especially]: (T, K, TA:) you say, إِنَّهُ لَخَبِيثٌ وَلَا تَرَ مَا فُلَانٌ and وَ لَا تَرَى مَا فُلَانٌ and وَ لَوْ تَرَ مَا فُلَانٌ and وَلَوْ تَرَى

مَا فُلَانٌ and .َلَمْ تَرَ مَا فُلَانٌ [i. e. Verily he is bad, or base, or wicked; and above all, or especially, such a one: وَلَا تَرَ مَا فُلَانٌ, or وَلَا تَرَىمَا فُلَانٌ, properly meaning وَلَا تَرَىمِثْلَ الَّذِى هُوَ فُلَانٌ and thou will not see the like of him who is such a one; مِثْلَ and هُوَ being understood: and in like manner are to be explained the other forms of expression here mentioned]: in all of these forms, فلان is in the nom. case: all are mentioned by Lh, on the authority of Ks. (T, TA.) b8: رَأَتْ is also said of a woman, as meaning She saw what is termed التَّرْئِيَة and التَّرِيَّة, i. e., a little yellowness or whiteness or blood on the occasion of menstruation. (M.) A2: رَأَيْتُهُ [form الرِّئَةُ] I hit, or hurt, (S, M, Msb, K, *) or struck, or smote, (Er-Rághib, TA,) his رِئَة [or lungs]: (S, M, Msb, K, Er-Rághib:) and so وَرَيْتُهُ. (Msb.) b2: And رُئِىَ He had a complaint of his رِئَة [or lungs]; (M;) as also ↓ أَرْأَى. (T, K.) A3: رَأَيْتُ رَايَةً I stuck, or fixed, a banner, or standard, (T in art. رى, and K in the present art.,) into the ground; (TA;) as also ↓ أَرَأَيْتُهَا, (T, K,) as some say: (T:) the latter is mentioned by Lh; but [ISd says,] I hold that it is anomalous, and is properly only أَرَيَيْتُهَا. (M in art. رى, and TA.) A4: رَأَىالزَّنْدُ [like وَرَى and وَرِىَ] The زند [or piece of wood for producing fire] became kindled. (Kr, M, K.) b2: And رَأَيْتُ الزَّنْدَ I kindled the زند. (M, K.) 2 رَأَّيْتُهُ, inf. n. تَرْئِيَةٌ, I held for him, or to him, (Az, T, S,) or I showed, or presented, to him, (M, K,) or I withheld, or retained, or restricted, for him, [i. e. for his use,] (Az, * T, * S, * M, K,) the mirror, in order that he might look in it, (Az, T, S, K,) or in order that he might see himself in it; (M;) as also المِرْآةَ ↓ أَرَيْتُهُ. (M.) b2: See also 3.3 رَآءَيْتُهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. مُرَاآةٌ and رِئَآءٌ, (M,) I faced, so that I saw, him, or it; (M, K;) as also ↓ تَرَآءَيْتُهُ. (M.) b2: Also, inf. ns. as above, [I acted hypocritically, or with simulation, towards him;] I pretended to him that I was otherwise than I really was; (M, K; *) as also ↓ رَأَّيْتُهُ, inf. n. تَرْئِيَةٌ: (K:) both are mentioned by Fr: (T:) [accord. to J,] رَآءَى فُلَانٌ النَّاسَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. مُرَاآةٌ, and رَايَاهُمْ, inf. n. مُرَايَاةٌ, the latter formed by transposition, [which indicates, though written as above in my copies of the S, that we should read رَايَأَهُمْ, inf. n. مُرَايَأَةٌ,] signify the same: (S:) [but it is said in the Mgh that رَايَا (perhaps thus written for رَايَأَ) in the sense of رَآءَى is a mistake: and] رَآءَى signifies [he acted ostentatiously; i. e.] he did a deed in order that men might see it: (Mgh:) or رِئَآءٌ signifies the making a show of what one does to men, in order that they may see it and think well of it: and the acting otherwise than for the sake of God: (Msb, TA:) and it is said in the S to be a subst. [as distinguished from an inf. n.; but why so, I do not see]. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [cvii. 6], اَلَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَاؤُونَ Who act hypocritically; when the believers pray, praying with them, pretending to them that they follow the same way [of religion] as they: (M, TA:) or who make a show of their works to men, in order to be praised by them. (Bd.) And مَنْ رَآءَى رَآءَى اللّٰهُ بِهِ He who does a deed in order that men may see it, God will expose his doing so on the day of resurrection. (Mgh) And فَعَلَ ذٰلِكَ رِئَآءً وَسُمْعَةً [He did that in order to make others to see it and hear of it]. (S.) [See also 4.] b3: In the saying of El-Farezdak, satirizing a people, and charging one of their women with that which is not comely, وَ بَاتَ يُرَاآهَا حَصَانًا وَ قَدْ جَرَتْ لَنَا بُرَتَاهَا بِالَّذِى أَنَ شَاكِرُهْ [And he passed the night thinking her chaste, when her two anklets had run to us with that for which I was thankful], by يُرَاآهَا [with حَصَانًا following it] he means يَظُنُّ أَنَّهَا حَصَانٌ, i. e. عَفِيفَةٌ; and by جَرَتْ لَنَا بُرَتَاهَا he means أَنَّهَا أَمْكَنَتْهُ مِنْ رِجْلَيْهَا حَتَّى غَشِيَهَا. (T.) b4: رَآءَيْتُهُ also signifies I consulted with him; or asked his counsel, or advice: (T, K: *) and فِى الرَّأْىِ ↓ اِسْتَرْأَيْتُهُ I consulted him, or asked his counsel, or advice, respecting the opinion. (T, K.) 'Imrán Ibn-Hittán says, فَإِنْ نَكُنْ نَحْنُ شَاوَرْنَاكَ قُلْتَ لَنَا بِالنُّصْحِ مِنْكَ لَنَا فِيمَا نُرَائِيكَا i. e. [And if we ask thy counsel, or advice, thou pronouncest to us, with honesty on thy part towards us, concerning that] respecting which we ask thy counsel, or advice. (T.) 4 أَرَيْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ, (IAar, T, S, M, K,) originally

أَرَأَيْتُهُ, (S,) inf. n. إِرَآءَةٌ (Sb, IAar, T, M, K) and إِرَايَةٌ (IAar, T) and إِرَآءٌ, (Sb, IAar, T, M, K,) [the last originally إِرْأَاءٌ,] the ة in the first inf. n. being a substitute [for the suppressed أ, and in like manner in the second], and the last inf. n. being without any substitution, (Sb, M,) [I made him to see the thing; i. e. I showed him the thing:] you say, أَرَيْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ فَرَآهُ [I showed him the thing, and he saw it[. (S.) See also 8. Aboo-'Amr read أَرْنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا, [in the Kur ii. 122, for أَرِنَا i. e. Show Thou to us our religious rites and caremonies of the pilgrimage, or our places where those rites and ceremonies are to be performed,] which is anomalous. (M.) b2: One says also, أَرَى اللّٰهُ بِفُلَانٍ, meaning God showed men by [the example of] such a one punishment and destruction: (K:) or God showed by [the example of] such a one that which would cause his enemy to rejoice at his misfortune: a saying of the Arabs: (T in art. رى:) said only in relation to evil. (Sh, TA.) b3: And أَرِنِى الشَّىْءَ Give thou, or hand thou, to me the thing. (M, TA.) b4: أَرَى

in the sense of أَعْلَمَ [as meaning He made such a one to know a thing, or person, to be, as in the saying, أَرَيْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًامُنْطَلِقًا I made Zeyd to know “ Amr to be going away, which may be rendered I showed Zeyd that 'Amr was going away,] requires [as this ex. shows] three objective complements. (M, and Bd in iv. 106. [See I “ AK, p. 117.]) b5: This is not the case in the saying in the Kur [iv. 106], لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسَ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللّٰهُ; (M, Bd;) for here it has but two objective complements, namely, the ك in اراك, and the suppressed pronoun هُ in أَرَاكَهُ: it is in this instance from الرَّأْىُ in the sense of الإِعْتِقَادُ: (M:) the meaning is, [That thou mayest judge between men] by means of that which God hath taught thee, syn. عَرَّفَكَ, (Ksh, Bd,) or عَلَّمَكَ, (Jel,) and revealed to thee. (Ksh, Bd.) b6: See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph, in two places, in which the pass., أُرِىَ, is mentioned.

A2: أَرْأَى [as an intrans. v., preserving the original form, inf. n. إِرْآءٌ, as below,] He looked in the mirror; (T, K;) and so فِى المِرْآةِ ↓ تَرَأَّى and فِيهَا ↓ تَرَآءَى: (T, M, K:) or ↓ تَرَآءَى signifies he (a man) looked at his face in the mirror or in the sword: (S:) and فِى المَآءِ ↓ تَمَرْأَى he looked at his face in the water; the doing of which is forbidden in a trad; of the measure تَمَفْعَلَ [from المِرْآةُ]; mentioned by Sb; like تَمَسْكَنَ from المِسْكِينُ, and تَمَدْرَعَ from المِدْرَعَةُ, and تَمَنْدَلَ from المِنْدِيلُ. (M.) b2: He (a man) had many dreams. (T, K. *) b3: He moved his eyelids, (K,) or made much motion with his eyes, (T,) in looking: (T, K:) you say, هُوَ يُرْئِىبِعَيْنَيْهِ, (TA,) and يُرَأْرِئٌ بِعَيْنَيْهِ. (T, TA. *) b4: He acted (T, K) well, or righteously, (T,) in order to make others see what he did, and hear of it. (T, K.) [See also 3.] b5: He possessed, or became possessed of, intelligence (K, TA) and judgment and forecast: (TA:) inf. n. إِرْآءٌ. (K, TA. [The inf. n. is mentioned with this signification, in the K, app. because it is the first there explained, and therefore as applying to the verb in all its senses.]) b6: And He had the appearance, or evidence, of foolishness, or stupidity, in his face: (T, K, TA: [the words by which Az explains this meaning are تَبَيَّنَتْ

آراؤهُ فى وَجْهِهِ وهى الحماقةُ, accord. to one copy of the T; in another copy of the same, الرؤاه: the TA follows the former reading: but the right reading is الرَّأْوَةٌ; mentioned in the T, thus correctly written, in art. رأرأ; in the S, in the present art; and in the M, in art. رأو, which is its proper art., and therefore the proper art. of the verb in the sense thus explained:]) thus it bears two contr. meanings. (K. [But it is added in the TA that this requires consideration.]) b7: Also He had what is termed a رَئِىّ, of the jinn, or genii; (T, K, TA;) i. e., a follower, of the jinn. (TA.) b8: And He followed the opinion, or belief, of some one, or more, of the lawyers (K, TA) in the science of the law. (TA.) b9: أَرْأَتْ said of a she-camel and of a ewe or she-goat, (M,) and of any female in a state of pregnancy, except a solidhoofed animal and a beast of prey, Her udder showed her to be pregnant: (M, K:) and in like manner it is said of a woman: (M:) or, said of a ewe or she-goat, she was, or became, big in her udder: (S:) and accord. to IAar, said of a she-goat, she was, or became, swollen in her vulva, and her being so became apparent, or evident. (M.) And أَرْأَى said of a man, His ewe, or she-goat, was, or became, black in her udder. (T.) A3: See also 1, in two places, near the end of the paragraph.

A4: [It is also said in the K and TA that أَرأَى, said of a camel, means اِنْتَكَثَ خَطْمُهُ عَلَى حَلْقِهِ; in the CK انْتَكَبَ; and in the TA this is said to be on the authority of En-Nadr: but in a copy of the T, I find it stated, on the authority of ISh, (i. e. En-Nadr,) that الارآ (i. e. الإِرْآءُ) signifies انتكاثُ خطم البَعيرِ على حَلْقِه: in another copy of the T, on the authority of En-Nadr, that الرآ (a mistranscription for الإِرْآءُ) signifies انتكاث خطم البعير خِلقة: and it is added that the epithet applied to a camel is مُرأى (as in one copy, i. e. ↓ مُرْأَى, and thus it is written in the TA, but in the other copy of the T مراْى, an obvious mistranscription); and to camels, مُرآاتٌ (as in one copy, for مُرْأَاتٌ, i. e. مُرْآتٌ, in the other copy of the T erroneously written مُرَأاة, and in the TA مرايات): therefore the verb is evidently أُرْئِىَ, in the pass. form, inf. n. إِرْآءٌ; and I think that the correct explanation is اِنْتَكَثَ خَطْمُهُ خِلْقَةً, app. meaning His muzzle was thin, or lean, by nature: see art. نكث: and see also مُرْأًى below.]5 ترأّى فِى المِرْآةِ: see 4, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: ترأّى لِى: see the paragraph here following.6 تَرَآءَوْا They saw one another: (M, K:) dual تَرَآءَيَا. (TA.) And تَرَآءَى الجَمْعَانِ, (S, TA,) in the Kur [xxvi. 61], (TA,) The two bodies of people saw each other: (S:) or approached and faced each other so that each was able to see the other. (TA.) And تَرَآءَيْنَا We met and saw each other. (A'Obeyd, T.) See also 3, first sentence. It is said in a trad, (T,) لَاتَرَاآنَاراهُمَا, [for تَتَرَاآ, as it is written in some copies of the K,] (T, K,) [i. e. (tropical:) Their two fires shall not be within sight of each-other;] meaning that the Muslim may not dwell in the country of the believers in a plurality of gods, and be with them so that each of them shall see the fire of the other: (T, K *) so says A'Obeyd: or, accord. to AHeyth, it means that the Muslim may not mark himself with the mark of the believer in a plurality of gods, nor assimilate himself to him in conduct and guise, nor assume his manners, or dispositions; from the phrase مَا نَارُ بَعِيرِكَ, meaning “ What is the brand of thy camel? ” (T:) IAth explains it similarly to A'Obeyd; and says that the verb is thus used tropically. (TA.) b2: ترآءى لِى He addressed, or presented, himself [to my sight, or] in order that I might see him; as also لى ↓ ترأّى. (M, K.) And ترآءى لَهُ شَىْءٌ مِنَ الجِنِّ [Somewhat of the jinn, or genii, presented itself to his sight]. (S.) b3: ترآءى النَّخْلُ The palm-trees showed the colours of their unripe dates. (AHn, M, K.) b4: تَرَآءَيْنَا الهِلَالَ We tasked the sight by trying whether or not we could see the new moon: or, as some say, we looked [together, at, or for, the new moon]: (Sh, * T, TA:) or we lowered our eyes towards the new moon in order that we might see it. (Msb.) [See also 6 in art. نقض.] b5: See also 4, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places. b6: تَرَآءَيْنَا فِىالأَمْرِ or ترآءينا الأَمْرَ: see 8. b7: هُوَ يَتَرَآءَى بِرَأْىِ فُلَانٍ He takes to, or holds, the opinion, or persuasion, or belief, of such a one; and inclines to it; and conforms to it. (T, TA.) b8: See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.8 اِرْتَآهُ [is syn. with رَآهُ as signifying He saw him, or it, with the eye; and also, with the mind]: see 1, first sentence: or it is [syn. with رَآهُ in the latter sense only, being] from الرَّأْىُ and التَّدْبِيرُ: (S, TA:) or اِرْتَأَى is from رَأْىُ القَلْبِ, (Lth, T,) or from رُؤْيَةُالقَلْبِ, or from الرَّأْىُ, and means he thought, reflected, or considered, and acted deliberately, or leisurely. (IAth, TA.) You say, اِرْتَأَيْنَا فِى الأَمْرِ, and ↓ تَرَآءَيْنَا [i. e. ترآءينا فِيهِ] or تَرَآءَيْنَاهُ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) meaning نَظَرْنَاهُ [or نَظَرْنَاهُنَظَرْنَا فيه, i. e. We looked into, examined, or considered, the affair, or case]. (K.) And اِرْتَآهُ وَاعْتَقَدَهُ [He saw it with his mind, looked into it, examined it, or considered it, and believed it]. (Mgh.) 10 استرآهُ He, or it, called for, demanded, or required, the seeing of it; (M, K;) i. e., a thing. (M.) b2: See also 1, first sentence. b3: And see 3, last sentence but one. b4: You say also, يُسْتَرْأَى

فُلَانٌ [Such a one is counted, accounted, or esteemed, hypocritical, or ostentatious], from الرِّئَآءُ [inf. n. of 3]; like as you say, يُسْتَحْمِقُ, and يُسْتَعْقَلُ. (AA, S.) Q. Q. 2 تَمَرْأَى: see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

رَأْىٌ is an inf. n. of رَأَى [q. v.]: (T, S, K:) [and is also a subst.: used as a subst.,] it means The رَأْى of the eye; (Lth, T, Msb;) i. e. the sight thereof; like رُؤْيَةٌ, q. v.: (Msb:) and also, of the mind; (Lth, T;) [i. e.,] it signifies also mental perception: (Msb:) [conception: idea: nation:] belief; (M, K;) as a subst., not as inf. n.: (M:) [or judgment: or persuasion: or opinion; i. e.] a preponderating belief of one of two things that are inconsistent, each with the other: (Er-Rághib, TA:) a thing that a man has seen with his mind, looked into, examined, or considered, (مَا ارْتَآهُ,) and believed: (Mgh:) [a tenet:] also intelligence: and forecast: and skill in affairs: (Msb:) [and hence it often means counsel, or advice:] pl. أَرْآءٌ (T, S, K &c.) and آرَآءٌ, (S, M, K,) the latter formed by transposition, [being for أَأْرَآءٌ,] (S,) and أَرْىءٍ [originally أَرْؤُىٌ, like as أَظْبٍ is originally أَظْبُىٌ,] (Lh, M, K, TA, in some copies of the K أَرْىٌ) and رُئِىٌّ and رِئِىٌّ [both originally رُؤُوىٌ], (Lh, M, TA,) in the K رُىٌّ, with damm, [in the CK رَىٌّ,] and رِىٌّ, with kesr, (TA,) and [quasipl. n.] ↓ رَئِىٌّ, (S, K,) of the measure فَعِيلٌ, like ضَئِينٌ. (S.) One says, مَاأَضَلَّ رَأْيَهُ [How erroneous is his mental perception, &c.!], and مَاأَضَلَّ

أَرُآهُ [How erroneous are his mental perceptions, &c.!]. (Lth, T.) أَصْحَابُ الرَّأْىِ, [often meaning The speculatists, or theorists,] as used by those who treat of the traditions, means the followers of analogy; because they pronounce according to their رَأْى [or belief, &c.,] in relation to that concerning which they have not found any [tradition such as is termed] حَدِيث or أَثَر, (IAth, K, TA,) or in relation to that which is dubious to them in a tradition. (IAth, TA.) But accord. to the usage of others, one says, فُلَانٌ مِنْ أَهُلِ الرَّأْى

meaning Such a one holds the belief, or opinion, &c., of the [heretics, or schismatics, called] خَوَارِج, and says according to their persuasion. (TA.) [Sometimes, also, this phrase means Such a one is of the people of intelligence; or of counsel, or advice.] See also رَئِىٌّ. And رَجُلٌ ذُو رَأْىٍ meansA man having mental perception, and skill in affairs. (Msb.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

أَتَاهُمْ حِينَ جَنَّ رُؤْىٌ and رُؤْيًا and ↓ رَأْىٌ and رَأْيًا (M, K *) [He came to them] when the darkness had become confused so that they did not see one another. (M, K.) رِئْىٌ, (M, TA,) in the K said to be ↓ رُئِىٌّ, like صُلِىٌّ, (TA, [but the former is the right, as will be shown by a citation from the Kur in what follows,]) and ↓ رُؤَآءٌ and ↓ مَرْآةٌ Aspect, look, or outward appearance: (M, K:) [and so ↓ رُؤْيَةٌ; used in this sense in the S and K in explanation of طَلْعَةٌ:] or the first and second (i. e. رِئْىٌ and ↓ رُؤَآءٌ, M) signify beauty of aspect or outward appearance; (M, K;) or so does this last; (T, S;) [and so رُوَآءٌ, with و, mentioned in the S in art. روى, and there explained as syn. with مَنْظَرٌ;] and ↓ مَرْآةٌ signifies aspect, or outward appearance, absolutely, (M, K, *) whether beautiful or ugly: (M:) or this (مرآة) signifies a beautiful aspect or outward appearance: and رِئْىٌ signifies what the eye sees, of goodly condition and clean apparel; as in the phrase in the Kur [xix. 75], هُمٌ أَحسَنُ

أَثَاثًا وَوِئْيًا [they being better in respect of goods, or property, and of appearance of goodly condition and outward apparel], accord. to him who reads it [thus] with ء; and read without ء it may be from the same, or from رَوِيَتْ أَلْوَانُهُمْ وَجُلُودُهُمْ meaning “ their colours and skins became full and beautiful ” [or rather “ beautiful and full ”] : (S:) for Náfi' and Ibn-'Ámir read رِيًّا, by conversion of the ء [into ى] and incorporating it [into the radical ى], or from الرِّىٌّ meaning النَّعْمَةُ; and Aboo-Bekr read رِئًا, by transposition; and another reading is رِيًا, with the ء suppressed; and another زِيًّا, from الزَّىُّ. (Bd.) One says ↓ اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةُ المَرْآةِ and ↓ المَرْأَى [A woman beautiful of aspect]; like as you say حَسَنَةُ المَنْظَرَةِ and المَنْظَرِ: (T, S:) and فُلَانٌ حَسَنٌ العَيْنِ ↓ فِى مَرْآةِ Such a one is beautiful in aspect: and it is said in a prov., ↓ تُخْبِرُ عَنْ مَجْهُولِهِ مَرْآتُهُ His outward appearance indicates [what would otherwise be his unknown character, meaning,] his inward state. (S.) [See also تَرِئيَةٌ]

رِئَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K,) with ء, (T, S, Msb,) and رِيَةٌ without ء, (T, Msb,) The سَحْر [or lungs, or lights]; (S;) the place of the breath and wind (M, K) of a man &c., (M,) [i. e.] of an animal: (K:) the ة is a substitute for the ى (S, Msb,) which is suppressed: (Msb:) pl. رِئُونَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) agreeably with a general rule relating to words of this class, (M,) and رِئَاتٌ: (M, Msb, K:) dim. ↓ رُؤَيَّةٌ and رُوَيَّةٌ (T.) Some say that the suppressed letter [in رِيَةٌ] is و; and that it is originally وِرْيَةٌ like as عِدَةٌ is originally وِعْدَةٌ: and وَرَيْتُهُ signifies “ I hit, or hurt, his رِيَة ” (Msb.) [hence ذَاتُ الرِّئَةِ Inflammation of the lungs.]

رَأْوَةٌ An indication of a thing. (M in art. رأو [to which it belongs: but in the S and TA mentioned in the present art.; and in the T, in art. رأ: in one copy of the S written رَآوَةٌ; and in one place in the TA, written رؤاوة, and said to be like ثُمَامَةٌ, app. from the author's having found it written رُآوَةٌ for رَأْوَةٌ].) You say, عَلَى فُلَانٍ رَأْوَةُ الحُمْقِ [Upon such a one is the indication of foolishness, or stupidity]. (M.) And عَلَى وَجْهِهِ رَأْوَةُ الحُمْقِ [Upon his face is the indication of foolishness, or stupidity], when you know foolishness, or stupidity, to be in him before you test him. (Lh, T, S.) And إِنَّ فِى وَجْهِهِ لَرَأْوَةً Verily in his face is an ugliness. (T.) [See also an explanation of أَرْأَى, above. J seems to have regarded the و as substituted for ى.]

رَأْيَةٌ, originally thus, with ء; (T, Msb;) but the Arabs prefer omitting it, [saying رَايَةٌ,] and some of them say that it has not been heard with ء; (Msb;) [Az says,] the Arabs did not pronounce it with ء: accord. to Lth, its radical letters are رىى: (T:) A banner, or standard, (T, Msb,) of an army: (Msb:) pl. رَايَاتٌ (T, Msb.) [See also art. رى.]

رُؤْيَةٌ an inf. n. of رَأَى [q. v.] : (T, S, M, Msb, K:) [and also a subst.: used a as subst.,) it means The sight of the eye; as also ↓ رَأْىٌ: [and accord. to the M and K, it is with the mind also; like رَأْىٌ:] pl. رُوًى. (Msb.) b2: See also رِئْىٌ b3: [Also The phasis of the moon.]

رُؤْيَا, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) with ء, (T, M,) of the measure فُعْلَى, (S, Msb,) without tenween, (S,) [i. e.] imperfectly decl., because the ا is that which is the sign of the fem. gender, (Msb,) also pronounced رُويَا, without ء, (Fr, T, M,) and رُيَّا, [which is anomalous, like رُىٌّ, for رِىٌّ,] mentioned by El-Fárisee on the authority of Abu-l- Hasan, (M,) and رِيَّا, (T, M,) heard by Ks from an Arab of the desert, (T,) A dream, or vision in sleep; (T, * S, * M, K;) accord. to most of the lexicologists, syn. with حُلْمٌ; or the former is such as is good, and the latter is the contr.: (MF voce حُلْمٌ, q. v.:) accord. to Lth, it has no pl.; but accord, to others, (T,) its pl. is رُؤًى, (T, S, M, K,) with tenween. (S.) One says, رَأَيْتُ عَنْكَ رُؤًى حَسَنَةً I dreamt, of thee, good dreams. (M.) رُءَآءٌ: see رِئْىٌ, in two places.

رِئَآءٌ an inf. n. of 3 [q. v.]. (M. [Said in the S to be a subst.]) b2: [Hence,] قَوْمٌ رِئَآءٌ A party, or company of men, facing one another. (S.) and in like manner, بُيُوتُهُمْ رِئَآءٌ [Their tents, or houses, are facing one another]. (S.) And مَنَازِلُهُمْ رِئَآءٌ Their places of alighting, or abode, are facing, or opposite, one to another. (T.) b3: And دُورُ القَوْمِ مِنَّا رِئَآؤٌ The houses of the people, or party, are as far as the eye reaches, where we see them, namely, the people. (M.) b4: And هُمْ رِئَآءُ أَلْفٍ They are as many as a thousand in the sight of the eye. (K, * TA.) رَئِىٌّ and ↓ رِئِىٌّ (Lth, T, M, K, TA) A jinnee, or genie, that presents himself to a man, and shows him, or teaches him, divination or enchantment or the like: (Lth, T, TA:) or a jinnee whom a man sees: or, accord. to Lh, one whom a person loves, and with whom he becomes familiar: (M:) or a jinnee that is seen and loved: or the latter word means such as is loved: (K:) and the former word, some other than this: (TA:) or the former means a follower, who is of the jinn; of the measure فَعِيلٌ or فَعُولٌ; [if the latter, originally رَؤُوى;] so called because he presents himself to the sight of him of whom he is the follower; or from the saying, فُلَانٌ رَئِىُّ قَوْمِهِ, meaning, صَاحِبُ

↓ رَأْيِهِمْ [i. e. Such a one is the counsellor, or adviser, of his people, or party]: and sometimes it is pronounced رِئِىٌّ (IAth, TA.) You say, لَهُ رَئِىٌّ He has a jinnee &c. (Lh, M, TA.) and مَعَهُ رِئِىٌّ With him is a jinnee &c. (Lth, T, TA.) And بِهِ رَئِىٌّ مِنَ الجِنِّ, meaning مَسٌّ [i. e. In him is a touch, or stroke, from the jinn, or genii]. (S.) b2: Also, both words, A great serpent, (K, TA,) that presents itself to the sight of a man; (TA;) so called as being likened to a jinnee; (K, TA;) or because they assert that the serpent is a transformed jinnee, wherefore they call it شَيْطَانٌ and جَانٌّ. (IAth, TA.) b3: And A garment, or piece of cloth, that is spread out for sale. (Aboo-'Alee, M, K.) A2: For the former word, see also رَأْىٌ [of which it is a quasi-pl. n.].

رُئِىٌّ: see رِئْىٌ [for which it is app. a mistranscription].

رِئِىٌّ: see رَئِىٌّ.

رُؤَيَّةٌ dim. of رِئَةٌ, q. v.; also prounced رُوَيَّةٌ. (T.) رَأّءٌ, or رَأَّءٌ, A man (M) who sees much. (M, K.) رَآءٍ [act. part. n. of رَأَى; Seeing: &c.

A2: ] Still, or motionless: as also رَاهٍ. (TA.) أَرْأَى More, and most, apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, proper, competent, or worthy. (M, K, TA.) You say, أَنَا أَرْأَى أَنْ أَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ I am more, or most, apt, &c., to do that. (K, * TA.) And هُوَ أَرْآهُمْ لِأَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ He is the most apt, &c., of them to do that. (M.) تَرْئِيَةٌ inf. n. of 2. (Az, T, S.) b2: [Also,] as a subst., not an inf. n., (M,) Beauty, or goodliness; beauty of aspect. (M, K.) [See also رِئْىٌ.] b3: Also, (M, Mgh,) and تَرِيَّةٌ (S, M, Mgh) and تِرِيَّةٌ, the former of these two words extr., (M,) A slight yellowness and dinginess (S, Mgh) which a woman sees after washing herself in consequence of menstruation: what is in the days of menstruation is termed حَيْضٌ [app. for دَمُ حَيْضٍ]; not تريّة: (S:) or a little yellowness or whiteness or blood which a woman sees on the occasion of menstruation: or, as some say, تَرَيَّةٌ signifies the piece of rag by means of which she knows her state of menstruation from her state of purity: it is from الرُّؤْيَةُ. (M.) b4: See also what next follows.

تِرْئِيَةٌ A man who practises evasions or elusions, shifts, wiles, or artifices; as also ↓ تَرْئِيَةٌ. (Ibn-Buzurj, T.) مَرْأًى: see رِئْىٌ b2: You say also, هُوَ مِنِّى مَرْأًى

وَمَسْمَعٌ, and مَرْأًى وَمَسْمَعًا, (M, K,) accord. to Sb, as adv. ns. having a special, or particularized, meaning, used as though they had not such a meaning, (M,) and sometimes they said مَرًى, (TA in art. سمع,) He is where I see him and hear him. (M, K.) And فُلَانٌ مِنِّى بِمَرْأًى وَمَسْمَعٍ

Such a one is where I see him and hear what he says. (S.) مُرْأًى, applied to a [camel's] head, Long in the خَطْمٍ [or muzzle], (As, T, M, K,) in which is تَصْوِيب [i. e. a bending down], (M, K, [in the CK, erroneously, تَصْوِيتٌ,]) or in which is the like of التَّصْوِيب, like the form of the [vessel called]

إِبْرِيق: (As, T:) Nuseyr likens رُؤُوس مُرْأَيَات to قَوَارِير [i. e. flasks, or bottles]: I know not [says ISd] any verb belonging to this word, [though أُرْئِى seems to be its verb,] nor any art. to which it belongs. (M.) See 4, last sentence.

مُرْىءٍ, applied to a she-camel, and a ewe or she-goat, (M,) and any female in a state of pregnancy, except a solid-hoofed animal and a beast of prey, Whose udder shows her to be pregnant; as also مُرْئِيَةٌ: (M, K:) and in like manner applied to a woman: (M:) or, applied to a ewe or she-goat, big in her udder. (S.) مَرْآةٌ: see رِئْىٌ, in five places. b2: You say also, هُوَ مَرْآةٌ بِكَذَاHe is apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, proper, or competent, for such a thing; or worthy of such a thing. (K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, مَرْاَةٌ.]) And هُوَ مَرْآةٌ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا He is apt, meet, suited, &c., to do such a thing: and in like manner you say of two, and of a pl. number, and of a female. (Lh, M.) مِرْآةٌ A mirror: (T, S, M, K:) originally مِرْأَيَةٌ: (Msb:) pl. مَرَآءٍ and مَرَايَا; (T, S, Msb;) the latter formed by transmutation [of the ء into ى]. (T. [It is said in the S, that the former pl. is used in speaking of three; and the latter, in speaking of many; but for this distinction I see no reason: and in the Msb it is said that, accord. to Az, the latter pl. is a mistake; but this I do not find in the T.]) مُرَآءٍ [act. part n. of 3, q. v.:] A hypocrite: [&c.:] (T, S: *) pl. مُرَاؤُونَ. (S.)

فقع

1 فَقَعَ, aor. ـَ and فَقُعَ, inf. n. فُقُوعٌ (S, O, K) and فَقْعٌ, (K,) said of the colour of a thing, (S, O,) It was intensely yellow: (S, O, K:) or its yellowness was free from admixture. (K, TA. [See also فَقْعٌ below.]) [And] فَقَعَ said of a skin, or hide, or a tanned, or red, skin or hide, (أَدِيم,) It was beautiful and clear [in colour]. (Ham p. 562.) A2: فَقَعَ said of a boy, He became active, and grew, grew up, or became a young man; (K, * TA; [in both of which it is implied that the aor. of the verb in this and the next two senses is فَقَعَ and فَقُعَ, as above;]) and so ↓ تفقّع. (TA.) A3: And فَقَعَ (K, TA) said of a man, (TA,) He died from, or in consequence of, the heat. (K, TA.) A4: فَقَعَتِ الفَوَاقِعُ فُلَانًا The calamities of time, or fortune, crushed such a one. (K, * TA.) A5: فَقَعَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. فَقْعٌ, (O,) He stole. (O, K. [Accord. to the TK, trans. in this sense.]) A6: And He emitted wind from the anus, with a sound; (K, TA;) in which sense the inf. n. is likewise فَقْعٌ; accord. to some, peculiarly said of an ass: and بِهِ ↓ فَقَّعَ, and ↓ بِمِفْقَعٍ, and ↓ بِمِفْقَاعٍ, inf. n. تَفْقِيعٌ, he did so vehemently. (TA.) A7: فَقِعَ, i. e. like فَرِحَ, (K, TA,) inf. n. فَقَعٌ, (TK,) said of a man, (TA,) He became red. (K, TA.) 2 فقّع, (TA,) inf. n. تَفْقِيعٌ, (O, K, TA,) He twisted the sides of his mouth, or opened his mouth and was diffuse, in speech, (O, K, TA,) and uttered speech that had no meaning. (TA.) b2: And فقّع

أَصَابِعَهُ, (S, O, * TA,) inf. n. as above, (S, O, K, TA,) i. q. فَرْقَعَهَا, (S, O, * K, * TA, *) [He cracked the joints of his fingers;] i. e. he pressed his fingers so that a sound was heard to proceed from their joints: (TA:) the action signified thereby is forbidden to be performed in prayer: (O, TA:) [but it is said that] this is the contracting of the fingers to the inner side of the hand and making a sound with the outer side [app. by pressing the fist upon the ground so as to make the joints of the fingers crack, when rising; for I think that any action more irregular than this would be too obviously wrong to need prohibition]. (O.) b3: And فقّع الوَرْدَةَ, inf. n. تَفْقِيعٌ, He made the rose into a round form (أَدَارَهَا), and then struck it so that it rent open, or asunder, producing a sound: (O:) or التَّفْقِيعُ signifies the striking a rose with the hand, (O, K,) or the making a rose-leaf into a round [and app. hollow] form, and pressing it with the fingers, (TA,) so that it produces a sound, (O, K, TA,) when rending open, or asunder. (TA.) b4: [And فقّع signifies also It cracked with a sound: and it crackled: said of a flint-stone in fire: see صَوَّانٌ: and said of salt thrown into a fire: see نَارٌ.] b5: See also 1, last sentence but one.

A2: فقّع الأدِيمَ, (O, TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He made the hide red. (O, K, TA.) 4 افقع, (TA,) inf. n. إِفْقَاعٌ, (O, K, TA,) He was, or became, poor, or needy: (TA;) or in an evil state or condition. (O, K, TA.) 5 تَفَقَّعَ see 1. b2: [Reiske, as stated by Freytag, has explained this verb as signifying It was, or became, contracted; said of a hand: but probably, I think, in consequence of his having found تَفَقَّعَت erroneously written for تَقَفَّعَت.]6 تفاقعت عَيْنَاهُ His eyes became white: (O, K, TA:) or became cleft, or fissured: or had in them foul, or foul white, matter. (TA.) 7 انفقع It became cleft, or fissured, or rent open or asunder. (O, K.) فَقْعٌ [an inf. n., of فَقَعَ, q. v. Used as a subst.,] Intense whiteness. (TA.) [But it seems to signify more commonly, Intense yellowness: or yellowness free from admixture: see 1, first sentence.]

A2: And i. q. حُصَاصٌ [app. as meaning An emission of wind from the anus, with a sound]. (S, O, TA. [See 1, last sentence but one.]) A3: Also, and ↓ فِقْعٌ, (S, O, K,) the latter mentioned by ISk, (S, O,) A species of كَمْأَة [or truffles]; (S, O;) accord. to A 'Obeyd, (S, O,) the white and soft thereof: (S, O, K;) which is the worst thereof; or, as IAth says, a species of the worst [kind] of كمأة, accord. to AHn, it comes forth from the ground so as to appear, white, and is bad; the good being that which is extracted by digging: Lth says, It is a كَمْء [or truffle] that comes forth from the base of the plant called إِجْرِد [q. v.], and is of the worst of كمأة, and the quickest in becoming corrupt: (TA:) the pl. is فِقَعَةٌ, (S, O, K,) which is of both forms of the sing.; (S, O, TA;) and فَقْعٌ, with fet-h, has for pls. أُفْقُعٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and فُقُوعٌ [a pl. of mult.]. (AHn, TA.) A vile man is likened thereto: (S, O, K: *) one says, هُوَ أَذَلُّ مِنْ فَقْعِ قَرْقَرٍ, (S,) or مِنْ فَقْعٍ بقَرْقَرَةٍ, (O, K,) [He is more vile than the فقع of, or than فقع In, a (??) and soft tract of ground,] because the beasts kick it along, (S,) or because it offers not resistance to the gatherer thereof, or because it is trodden with the feet, (O, K,) and the beasts kick it along. (O.) b2: [From a mention of the pl. فَقُوعٌ in art. ذأن, and in the present art. in the TA, it appears that فَقْعٌ is also applied to The species of fungus called ذُؤْنُون, and to the species called طُرْثُوث, &c.] b3: And [hence, perhaps,] فَقْعٌ [as a coll. a.] signifies also (assumed tropical:) Pointed toes (خَرَاطِيم of a sort of boots (O, TA.) فِقْعٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

فَقَاعٍ; see what next follows.

فُقَاعٍ; (O, and thus in my MS, copy of the K; in other copies of the K فُقَاع or فُقَاعٌ; and in all the copies is added بالضَّمِّ كَرُبَاع or كَرُبَاعٍ; [but there is no such word as رُبَاعٍ. nor رُباعٌ; whence it seems to be meant that we should read كَرُبَاعَ; i. e. فُقَاعُ, like رُباعُ, imperfectly decl.; but see what follows;]) so says Ibn-Buzurj: (O:) or, (O, K,) accord. to Az, (O,) ↓ فقاعٍ, (O, K, *) like رُبَاعٍ, (O.) [i. e.] with fet-h, like ثَمَانٍ (كَثَمَانٍ): (K:) [which suggests that كَرُبَاعٍ may be an early mistranscription for كَربَاعٍ, and that فُقَاع is wrong, and only فَقَاعٍ right, though it is said in one place in the TA that فَقَاع is like سَحَاب, i. e. that it is فَقَاعٌ:] or it is ↓ فَقِيعٌ, like أَمِيرٌ; (K, TA;) so accord. to El-Jáhidh, as mentioned by Az: (TA:) applied to a man, as meaning Red; (O, K, TA;) intensely so; by reason of إِغْرَاب [i. e. app., goodliness of condition]: (O, TA:) and ↓ فُقَاعِيٌّ, as an epithet applied to a man, signifies red. (TA.) فَقِيعٌ, (so in the O,) or ↓ فِقِّيعٌ, like سِكِّيتٌ, (K,) but the former, like أَمِيرٌ, is the right, [a coll. gen. n.,] and its n. un. is with ة, (TA,) The white, of pigeons; (K, TA;) said by El-Jáhidh to be such, of pigeons, as are like the صِقْلَابِىّ [or Sclave] of men; (O, TA;) a kind of white pigeon; so called as being likened to a [white] species of truffle [i. e. the فَقْع]. (TA.) b2: أَبْيَضُ فَقِيعٌ, (so in the O,) or ↓ ابيض فِقِّيعٌ, like سِكِّيتٌ, (K,) White that is intense (O, K) in whiteness. (O.) [See also فَاقِعٌ.] b3: فَقِيعٌ as an epithet applied to a man: see فُقَاعٍ.

فُقَّاعٌ: see فُقَاعٍ: b2: and see فَاقِعٌ, in two places.

فَقَّاعٌ One who emits wind from the anus, with a sound, much, or frequently. (TA.) b2: And Strong, or vehement; and bad, corrupt, or wicked. (Lth, O, K.) فُقَّاعٌ. 1 certain beverage, (S, O, L, K,) [a sort of beer.] made from barley: (L, TA:) [but there are several sorts thereof, perhaps peculiar to postclassical times: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, see, ed., vol. i., pp. 149-154:)] so called because of the froth that rises upon its head. (O, K. [See فُقَّاعَةٌ.]) b2: And A certain plant, (AHn, O, K.) such as is termed ↓ مُتَفَقِّعٌ, i. e., (AHn, O, K. *) which, when it dries up, becomes hard, and as though it were horns. (AHn, O, K.) [Now applied in North-Western Africa to The toadstool, which is called in other parts فُطْرٌ.]

فِقِّيعٌ: see فَقِيعٌ, in two places.

فُقَّاعَةٌ, like رُمَّانَةٌ, sing. of فَقَاقِيعُ, (TA,) which signifies The bubbles that rise upon water, (S, O, K, TA,) and upon wine, (O,) [&c.,] round, [or globular.] (TA,) like قَوَارِير [or vessels of glass]. (S, O, TA.) فُقَّاعِىٌّ A seller of [the beverage called] فُقَّاع. (TA.) فَاقِعٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ فُقَاعِىٌّ (K) Yellow intensely yellow; (S, O, K;) thus both signify: (Lh, K, TA:) or red intensely red: (K:) or red free from an admixture of whiteness: or purely red: (TA:) or فَاقِعٌ is applied to white and to any other colour as signifying free from admixture; (K;) and ↓ فُقَاعِىٌّ is applied in this sense to white: (TA:) and ↓ أَفْقَعُ, of which the pl. is فُقْعٌ, signifies intensely white. (K.) فَاقِعَةٌ A calamity, or misfortune: (S, O, K:) pl. فَوَاقِعُ. (S, O, K. *) أَفْقَعُ; pl. فُقْعٌ: see فَاقِعٌ.

فَقْرٌ مُفْقِعٌ, accord. to the K, signifies مُدْقِعٌ [as though meaning Poverty causing to cleave to the dust or earth]: but the right phrase is فَقِيرٌ مُفْقِعٌ, signifying مُدْقِعٌ [i. e. a poor person cleaving to the dust or earth: for أَدْقَعَ is intrans. as well as trans.]; which denotes the worst condition, like مَجْهُودٌ. (TA.) [See 4.]

مِفْقَعٌ and ↓ مِفْقَاعٌ [The anus (as being the instrument) with which wind is emitted vehemently, with a sound]: see 1, last sentence but one.

خَفٌّ مُفَقَّعٌ i. q. مُخَرُطَمٌ (O, K) i. e. A boot having its fore part pointed. (TA in art. خرطم.) المُفَقِّعَةُ A certain black bird of which the base of the tail is white, (O, K,) that pecks camels', or similar, dung. (O.) مِفْقَاعٌ: see مِفْقَعٌ; and 1, last sentence but one.

مُتَفَقِّعٌ: see فُقَّاعٌ.

حكم:
حكم عليه: أخضعه وقهره واستولى عليه (أماري ص168، المقري 2: 691) حيث الصواب حكم عليه كما في طبعة بولاق وعند فليشر بريشت (ص170).
وحكم: ألصق كتفي على الأرض في لعبة المصارعة. ويقال: حكم فيه (ألف ليلة برسل 9: 281، 282).
وحكم أجل الكمبيالة: حان، استحقت.
وحكم الوقت: حان الوقت. (بوشر).
حكمة عارضة: وقع له حادث. (بوشر).
حكمهم فرطنة: جاءتهم زوبعة (بوشر).
حكم ورسم: تكلم بالحكمة (بوشر).
حكَّم (بالتشديد): احكم (فوك).
حكَّمه: أعطاه الحق في أن يتمنى ويختار ما يشاء (معجم المتفرقات).
حكَّم: علَّم، أرشد (همبرت ص109).
وحكّم: ثبت اللون (فوك).
وحكَّم: صاح لا حكم ألا لله. أو لا حَكَم إلا الله. كما يفعل الخوارج (معجم المتفرقات).
وحكَّم له: خصَّص له (بوشر).
حكَّم الدم: أنضجه وهو من اصطلاح الأطباء بمعنى أصلحه وجعله اصلح وأكمل (بوشر).
أحكم: أتقن فهم الكتاب ففي ترجمة ابن خلدون بقلمه (ص208 و): كان هو قد أحكم الكتاب عن شيخه الأبّلي.
أحكم عليه عِلْماً: أتقن بالدراسة عليه العلم (ميرسنج ص19، في آخر الصفحة).
كان لا يجاري معرفة بالهيئة وإحكاماً للآلة الفلكية ((أي كان لا يجاري في معرفته لعلم الفلك وإتقانه ومهارته في استعمال الراصدة الفلكية (تلسكوب). (الخطيب ص33 و).
أحكم رسماً: صادق على حُكْم (دي ساسي ديب 9: 486).
أحكم: حاكم، عَلَّل (بوشر).
تحكَّم: استبد وتصرف كما يشاء (المقدمة 1: 319، 320) والمصدر منه تحكَّم بمعنى زعم باطل. (المقدمة 2: 342).
تحكم الدم: تهيأ للتَمثل (بوشر). متحكِّم: ذو حِكَم وأمثال. وبتحكم: بحكم وبأمثال (بوشر).
تحكَّم: ثبت اللون (فوك).
تحكَّم الله: جعل الله تعالى حكماً، فوض أمره إلى الله. ففي رياض النفوس (ص72 و): كتب إلي المسجونون رسالة يذكرون لي فيها ما هم فيه من الجوع والضيق وسوء الحال ويتحكمون الله عز وجل.
وتحكم على الله: حابه الله وتحدَّاه. ففي جيان (ص69 ق): وفَتْحانِ في يوم تحكُّم على الله تَعْ واحتقار لما ابتداءك به من النعمة.
تحكَّ من فلان: غلبه، استولى عليه. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 74): فلما تحكَّم الشراب مِنَّا. صحَّح في ألف ليلة (1: 63): عنهم فالصواب منهم.
احتكم عليه: حكم عليه بما يريد وأعلن له ذلك (معجم المتفرقات).
واحتكم: بمعنى الكلمة السريانية مووطه: تعرف بامرأة وجامعها (باين سميث 1473).
استحكم: تتضمن معنى الكلية والكمال. ففي طرائف دي ساسي مثلاً (2: 37): استحكام غرق هذه الأرض بأجمعها، وفي ((رحلة ابن بطوطة (2: 192): الزنوج المستحكمو السواد. الزنوج السود تماماً.
واستحكم المرض: صار مزمنا (محيط المحيط). واستحكم في معجم فوك: ثبت اللون.
حُكْم: تسلط، سلطان، نفوذ (بوشر).
حُكْم: في كرتاس (ص58): وتوسل إليه أن يعطيه هذه القطعة من العنبر على ان يرضيه عنها بحكمه. أي على أن يعطيه عنها الثمن الذي يقدره. ولم يفهم تورنبرج هذه العبارة.
الحكم: الحكومة (محيط المحيط).
حكم الرُّعاء: مجلس يعقده في كل سنة (عند فكتور في كل شهر) أصحاب قطعان الماشية ورعاتها (ألكالا).
والٍ للحكم الشرعي: من يتولى سلطة القضاء (المقري 1: 134).
أحكام النجوم: علم التنجيم. ففي الخطيب (ص34 ق): له تدرُّب في أحكام النجوم.
وأحكام وحدها: علم التنجيم (المقدمة 2: 188، 193).
العلماء بصناعة الأحكام: المنجمون (الخطيب ص5 ق).
على حكم النجوى: على الضريبة المفروضة (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 140).
حَكَّم: انظرها في مادة لَعْب.
حِكْمَة: طريقة عمل شيء، صنعة، يقال مثلاً حكمة البناء (ابن بطوطة 3: 218).
حِكْمة: طب (بوشر، محيط المحيط).
حكمة: تفكير خلقي. وبصيرة، وعبرة، قاعدة، كلام يوافق الحق (بوشر) والجمع حِكَم: أمثال سائرة، أقوال مأثورة، أقوال مأثورة تتضمن عبرا خلقية (معجم بدرون). وحِكْمَة: سبب. علَّة (المقدمة 1: 252، 2: 97، 300).
ثلج الحكمة عند الأطباء أقراص مركبة من الكبريت وملح البارود (محيط المحيط).
طين الحكمة: علك يطين به الإناء الذي يوضع في النار (بوشر، محيط المحيط).
حِكْمِيّ: فلسفي (بوشر) ولم تضبط فيه الكلمة. وربد إنها نسبة إلى حِكْمة.
الكتب الحمية: كتب الفلسفة والطب. (أبو الفرج ص250).
وحِكْمِيّ: مثلي، نسبة إلى الحكمة وهي عبارة تجري مجرى المثل (بوشر) ولم تضبط فيه بالشكل.
حُكْمِيّ: مزادي، مقضي بالمزاد (بوشر).
وحُكْمي: حُكِم عليه، رسم عليه، سامة (بوشر).
وحُكْمِي: قضائي، غداري (بوشر).
كتاب حُكْميّ: شكوى، تظلم، عرض موضوع الدعوى أمام القضاء (حياة صلاح الدين ص10، 11) نقلها شولتنز. وقد أخطأ فريتاج بقوله أن شولتنز فسّر هذا القول بما معناه باللاتينية ((قضائي)) لئن شولتنز يقول كتاب حكمي تعني باللاتينية ما معناه مذكرة قضائية كما ترجمها أبوه.
حُكُومة: القضاء بالشيء لصاحبه (بوشر).
وحكومة: مجلس الشورى (دوماس قبيل ص158).
الحكومة: أرباب السياسة (محيط المحيط).
حكومات: اختصاص، صلاحيات (هلو).
حُكَيْمَة: تصغير حكمة وهي عبارة تجري مجرى المثل (فوك) حاكم: من يتولى الدارة القضائية وينفذ الأحكام التي يقضي بها القضاة. وهو الذي يشير أيضاً على القضاة بقبول شهادة من يرى انهم عدول (دي ساسي المقدمة 1 ص76).
وحاكم في أفريقية: صاحب الشرط (المقدمة 2: 30).
وحاكم: مفوض الشرطة، ضابط الشرطة (جرابرج 211).
وحاكم: والي الإقليم (هاي ص23).
وحاكم: مقدم، قائد وحدة عسكرية، محافظ والي (بوشر).
تحكيم: إتقان، إحكام، تدقيق، نظام (بوشر).
تحكيم الكيلوس: صيرورة الكيلوس (بوشر).
مَحْكَمَ وجمعه محاكم: محكمة، ديوان القضاء (فوك).
مُحْكَم: دقيق، صارم، وثيق (بوشر).
ومُحْكَم: مبرهن، مثبت بحجج (بوشر).
مُحَكَّم: مُحكَم، متقن. منظم، مضبوط، محدود، مخصص، معين، محدد، معلوم (بوشر).
محكوم: ضيق ويطلق على ذلك على طرف الحذاء (دلابورت ص91).
محكوم به: مثبوت، قرار المحكمة وما يثبت أو ينفى في الموضوع (بوشر).

حكم

1 حَكَمَهُ, (S, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. حُكْمٌ, (Msb, K, [in the TK حَكْمٌ,]) in its primary acceptation, (Msb,) He prevented, restrained, or withheld, him (S, Msb, K) from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner; as also ↓ احكمهُ: (K:) and (K) from doing that which he desired; as also ↓ احكمهُ; and ↓ حكّمهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: (S:) and حُكُومَةٌ [is another inf. n. of حَكَمَهُ, and], accord. to As, primarily signifies the turning a man back from wrongdoing. (TA.) Ibrá-heem En-Nakha'ee is related to have said, ↓ حَكِّمِ اليَتِيمَ كَمَا تُحَكِّمُ وَلَدَكَ, meaning Restrain thou the orphan from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner, and make him good, or virtuous, as thou restrainest thine offspring &c.: and of every one whom thou preventest, or restrainest, or withholdest, from doing a thing, thou sayest, [حَكَمْتُهُ and] ↓ حكّمته and ↓ احكمته: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, as related by Sh, the forementioned saying of En-Nakh'ee means let the orphan decide respecting his property, when he is good, or virtuous, as thou lettest thine offspring &c.; but this explanation is not approved. (Az, TA.) And Jereer says, سُفَهَآءَكُمْ ↓ أًبَنِى حَنِيفَةَ أَحْكِمُوا

إِنِّى أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ أَنْ أَغْضَبَا [O sons of Haneefeh, restrain your lightwitted ones: verily I fear for you that I may be angry]: (S, TA:) i. e., restrain and prevent them from opposing me. (TA.) You say, also, عَنِ ↓ احكمهُ الأَمْرِ He made him to turn back, or revert, from the thing, or affair. (K.) b2: حَكَمَ الفَرَسَ, and ↓ احكمهُ, and ↓ حكّمهُ, He pulled in the horse by the bridle and bit, to stop him; he curbed, or restrained, him. (TA.) And حَكَمَ الدَّابَّةَ, (S,) or الفَرَسَ, (K,) inf. n. حَكْمٌ; (S; [so in my two copies of that work;]) and ↓ أَحْكَمَهَا, (S,) or احكمهُ; (K;) He put a حَكَمَة [q. v.] to the bit of the beast, or horse. (S, * K.) b3: And ↓ حكّم الحَوَادِثَ (assumed tropical:) [He controlled events: see مُحَكَّمٌ]. (MF.) b4: حَكَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا originally signifies I prevented, restrained, or withheld, him from doing, or suffering, any other than such a thing, so that he could not escape it. (Msb.) [Hence it means I condemned him to such a thing; as, for instance, the payment of a fine or of a debt, and death.] And hence, (Msb,) حَكَمَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, K,) inf. n. حُكْمٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and حُكُومَةٌ, (K,) He judged, gave judgment, passed sentence, or decided judicially, بَيْنَهُمْ between them, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and لَهُ in his favour, and عَلَيْهِ against him. (S, TA.) And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالأَمْرِ He decided judicially the thing, or affair, or case, against him. (K, TA.) And حَكَمَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا [He awarded by judicial sentence in his favour, against him (i. e. another person), such a thing]. (Mgh.) [And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ He exercised judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government, over him. and حَكَمَ بِكَذَا He ordered, ordained, or decreed, such a thing.]

A2: حَكَمَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ He turned back, or reverted, from the thing, or affair. (IAar, Az, K.) A3: حَكُمَ, (S, MA, TA,) with damm to the ك, (S,) like كَرُمَ, (TA,) [not حَكَمَ as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,] inf. n. حُكْمٌ (KL, MA) and حِكْمَةٌ, (MA,) He was, or became, such as is termed حَكِيمٌ [i. e. wise, &c.]. (S, KL, MA, TA.) b2: And حكم, inf. n. حكم, [so in the TA, without any syll. signs, app. حَكُمَ inf. n. حُكْمٌ,] is said of a man, signifying He reached the utmost point, or degree, in its meaning (فِى

مَعْنَاهُ [i. e., app., in what is the radical meaning of the verb, namely, in judging; like قَضُوَ]); in praising, not in dispraising. (TA.) 2 حكّمهُ, inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: see 1, in five places. b2: Also [He made him judge; or] he committed to him the office of judging, giving judgment, passing sentence, or deciding judicially; (Mgh, Msb;) or he ordered him to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially; (K;) or he allowed him to judge, &c.; (TA;) فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair, or case. (K.) And حَكَّمْتُهُ فِى مَالِى

I gave him authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting my property. (S, TA.) b3: Hence, حَكَّمَتِ الخَوَارِجُ The [schismatics called the] خوارج asserted that judgment (الحُكْمُ) belongs not to any but God. (Mgh.) تَحْكِيمُ الحَرُورِيَّةِ, in the K, erroneously, ↓ تَحَكُّمُ الحروريّة, (TA,) signifies The assertion of the [schismatics called] حروريّة that there is no judgment (حُكْم) but God's, (K, TA,) and that there is no judge (حَكَم) but God. (TA.) 3 حاكمهُ إِلَى الحَاكِمِ, (K,) inf. n. مُحَاكَمَةٌ, (S,) He summoned him to the judge, and litigated with him, (S, K, TA,) seeking judgment: and he made a complaint of him to the judge; or brought him before the judge to arraign him and litigate with him, and made a complaint of him. (TA.) And حَاكَمْنَاهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ We summoned him to the judgment of God [administered by the Kádee]. (TA.) بِكَ حَاكَمْتُ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean I have submitted the judgment [of my case] to Thee, and there is no judgment but thine; and by Thee [or thy means or aid] I have litigated in seeking judgment and in proving the falseness of him who has disputed with me in the matter of religion. (TA. [The past tense, here, is perhaps used as a corroborative present.]) 4 أَحْكَمَ see 1, in seven places. The saying of Lebeed, describing a coat of mail, أَحْكَمَ الجِنْثِىَّ مِنْ عَوْرَاتِهَا كُلُّ حِرْبَآءٍ إِذَا أُكْرِهَ صَلٌّ is explained as meaning Every nail repelled the sword from its interstices: [when it was struck with force, it made a clashing sound:] or, as some say, [the right reading is الجنثىُّ and كُلَّ, (as in the S in arts. جنث and صل,) and, accord. to some, صَنْعَتِهَا in the place of عوراتها, (as in the S and M in art. صل,) and] the meaning is, the manufacturer thereof made firm, or strong, every nail [of its interstices, or of its fabric: &c.]: احكم in this case signifying أَحْرَزَ [agreeably with the explanation here next following]. (TA.) b2: احكمهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِحْكَامٌ, (TA,) i. q. أَتْقَنَهُ [He made it, or rendered it, (namely, a thing, S, Mgh, Msb,) firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; he made it firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, so that it was firmly and closely joined or knit together, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; he so constructed, constituted, established, settled, arranged, did, performed, or executed, it; he put it into a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing: and he knew it, or learned it, soundly, thoroughly, or well; see 1, last sentence, in art. حنك]. (Msb, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xi. 1], كِتَابٌ أَحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ (TA) i. e. [A book whereof the verses are rendered valid] by arguments and proofs; (Bd;) or by command and prohibition, and the statement of what is lawful and unlawful: (TA:) or disposed in a sound manner, (Ksh, Bd,) with respect to the words and meanings, (Bd,) like a building firmly and orderly and well constructed: (Ksh:) or prevented from being corrupted (Ksh, Bd) and from being abrogated: (Bd:) or made to be characterized by wisdom, (Ksh, Bd:) as comprising the sources of speculative and practical wisdom. (Bd.) and hence one says of a man such as is termed حَكِيم, [i. e. wise, &c.,] قَدْ أَحْكَمَتْهُ التَّجَارِبُ [Tryings have rendered him firm, or sound, in judgment]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, أُحْكِمَ عَنْ كَذَا It was secured from such a thing: see مُحْكَمٌ.] b4: [إِحْكَامٌ is also often used as the inf. n. of the pass. verb, signifying The being firm, &c.; or firmness, &c.: see مِرَّةٌ.] b5: See also حَكَمَةٌ.5 تحكّم فِيهِ He did [or decided] according to his own judgment, or did what he judged fit, respecting it, or in it: (Msb:) or he had authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting it; (K, TA;) as also فيه ↓ احتكم: (S, K:) each is quasi-pass. of حَكَّمَهُ; the former regular, and the latter irregular: (TA:) or the former signifies he pretended to have authority to judge, &c. (KL.) You say, عَلَىَّ ↓ احتكم فِى مَالِى He had authority over me to judge, &c., respecting my property. (S.) b2: See also 2.6 تحاكموا إِلَى الحَاكِمِ They summoned one another to the judge, [seeking judgment, (see 3,)] and litigated; as also إِلَيْهِ ↓ احتكموا. (S, TA.) 8 إِحْتَكَمَ see 5, in two places: b2: and 6: b3: and 10.10 استحكم He (a man) refrained from what would injure him in his religion and his worldly concerns. (Aboo-' Adnán, TA.) b2: Also quasipass. of أَحْكَمَهُ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) as signifying أَتْقَنَهُ; (Msb, K;) [It was, or became, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, firmly and closely joined or knit together, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well, made or constructed or constituted or established or settled or arranged or done or performed or executed: and, said of a quality or faculty &c., it was, or became, firm, strong, sound, free from defect or imperfection, established, or confirmed:] and, said of an affair, or a case, it was, or became, in a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing; as also ↓ احتكم. (TA.) b3: استحكم عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The thing, or affair, became confused and dubious to him; syn. اِلْتَبَسَ: so in the A. (TA. [But this seems to require confirmation.]) حُكْمٌ [inf. n. of 1, q. v.,] originally signifies Prevention, or restraint. (Msb.) b2: And hence, (Msb,) Judgment, or judicial decision: (S, Msb, K, TA:) or judgment respecting a thing, that it is such a thing, or is not such a thing, whether it be necessarily connected with another thing, or not: (TA:) [whence,] in logic, [what our logicians term judgment; i. e.] the judging a thing to stand to another [thing] in the relation of an attribute to its subject, affirmatively or negatively; or the perception of relation or non-relation: (Kull:) or it properly signifies judgment with equity or justice: (Az, TA:) and ↓ حُكُومَةٌ signifies the same; (K, TA;) originally, accord. to As, the restraint of a man from wrongdoing: (TA:) [each, though an inf. n., being used as a simple subst., has its pl.:] the pl. of the former is أَحْكَامٌ, (K,) [properly a pl. of pauc., but] its only pl. form: and the pl. of the latter is حُكُومَاتٌ. (TA.) You say, وَ يَفْصِلُ ↓ هُوَ يَتَوَلَّى الحُكُومَاتِ الخُصُومَاتِ [He presides over the affairs of judgment, and decides litigations]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ لَحُكْمًا meaning Verily, of poetry, there is that which is true judgment: so says Er-Rághib: or, as others say, profitable discourse, such as restrains from, and forbids, ignorant and silly behaviour; i. e., [what contains] exhortations and proverbs profitable to men: or, the right reading is, as some relate it, ↓ لَحِكْمَةً [i. e. wisdom, &c.]: (TA:) or حِكَمًا [pl. of حِكْمَة]. (So in a copy of the “ Jámi' es-Sagheer ” of Es-Suyootee.) b3: [The exercise of judicial authority; jurisdiction; rule; dominion; or government. See also حُكُومَةٌ. b4: An ordinance; a statute; a prescript; an edict; a decree; or a particular law; like قَضَآءٌ. Hence the phrase حُكْمَ العَادَةِ According to custom or usage; properly, according to the ordinance of custom or usage. b5: A rule in grammar &c.; as when one says, حُكْمُ الفَاعِلِ الرَّفْعُ or أَنْ يُرْفَعَ, i. e. The rule applying to the case of the agent is that it be put in the nom. case; and حُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ كَذَا, or كَحُكْمِ كذا, i. e. The rule applying to it is the same as the rule applying to such a thing, or like the rule applying to such a thing. b6: It may often be rendered Predicament: (thus the last of the foregoing exs. may be rendered Its predicament is the same as the predicament of such a thing, or like the predicament of such a thing:) and حُكْمًا, or فِى الحُكْمِ, predicamentally, or in respect of predicament; and virtually; as distinguished from لَفْظًا (literally), and حَقِيقَةً (really), and the like.] b7: Also Knowledge of the law in matters of religion. (TA.) b8: See also حِكْمَةٌ, in two places. It is a more general term than حِكْمَةٌ; for all حِكْمَة is حُكْم, but the reverse is not the case. (Er-Rághib, TA.) حَكَمٌ: see حَاكِمٌ, in two places; and مُحَكِّمٌ.

[Hence,] الحَكَمُ [The Judge] is one of the names of God. (TA.) b2: A man advanced in age (K, TA) to the utmost degree. (TA.) A2: See also حَكَمَةٌ.

حِكْمَةٌ [properly, or primarily,] signifies What prevents, or restrains, from ignorant behaviour: (Mgh:) [in its most usual sense, which is wisdom, agreeably with explanations here following,] it is derived from حَكَمَةٌ, signifying a certain appertenance of a beast, [a kind of curb,] because it prevents its possessor from having bad dispositions: (Msb:) it means knowledge; or science; (S, K;) as also ↓ حُكْمٌ: (S, TA:) or [generally] knowledge of the true natures of things, and action according to the requirements thereof; and therefore it is divided into intellectual and practical: or a state, or quality, of the intellectual faculty: this is the theological حِكْمَة: in the Kur xxxi. 11, by the حِكْمَة given by God to Lukmán, is meant the evidence of the intellect in accordance with the statutes of the law: (TA:) in the conventional language of the learned, it means the perfecting of the human mind by the acquisition of the speculative sciences, and of the complete faculty of doing excellent deeds, according to the ability possessed: (Bd on the passage of the Kur above mentioned:) or it means the attainment of that which is true, or right, by knowledge and by deed: so that in God it is the knowledge of things, and the origination thereof in the most perfect manner: and, in man, the knowledge and doing of good things: or it means acquaintance with the most excellent of things by the most excellent kind of knowledge: (TA:) [and in the modern language, philosophy: pl. حِكَمٌ:] see حُكْمٌ. b2: Also Equity, or justice, (K, TA,) in judgment or judicial decision; and so ↓ حُكْمٌ. (TA.) b3: and i. q. حِلْمٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. [Forbearance, or clemency, or] the management of one's soul and temper on the occasion of excitement of anger: which, if correct, is nearly the same as equity or justice. (TA.) b4: And Obedience of God: and knowledge in matters of religion, and the acting agreeably therewith: and understanding: and reverential fear; piety; pious fear; or abstinence from unlawful things: and the doing, or saying, that which is right: and reflection upon what God has commanded, and doing according thereto. (TA.) b5: And [Knowledge of] the interpretation of the Kur-án, and saying that which is right in relation to it: so in the Kur ii. 272. (TA.) b6: And The gift of prophecy, or the prophetic office; (K, TA;) and apostleship: so in the Kur ii. 252 and iii. 43 and xxxviii. 19: (TA:) or in the [first and] last of these instances it means b7: The Book of the Psalms [of David]: or, as some say, any saying, or discourse, agreeable with the truth: (Mgh:) and it also means [in other instances] the Book of the Law of Moses: (TA:) and the Gospel: and the Kur-án: (K:) because each of these comprises what is termed الحِكْمَةُ المَنْطُوقُ بِهَا, i. e. the secrets of the sciences of the law and of the course of conduct; and الحِكْمَةُ المَسْكُوتُ عَنْهَا, i. e. the secrets of the science of the Divine Essence. (TA.) حَكَمَةٌ [A kind of curb for a horse;] a certain appertenance of a beast; so called because it renders him manageable, or submissive, to the rider, and prevents him from being refractory and the like; (Msb;) or because it prevents him from vehement running: (TA:) it is the appertenance of the لِجَام [or bridle] that surrounds the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw]: the Arabs used to make it of untanned thong or of hemp; because what they aimed at was courage, not finery: (S:) or the appertenance of the لجام that surrounds the حَنَكَانِ [which word app. here means the two jaws] of the horse, and in which are [attached] the عِذَارَانِ [or two side-pieces of the headstall, that lie against the two cheeks]: (K:) or a ring which surrounds the مَرْسِن [or part of the nose which is the place of the halter] and the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw], of silver or iron or thong: (IDrd in his Book on the Saddle and Bridle:) or a ring which is upon (فى) the mouth of the horse: (ISh, TA:) pl. حَكَمَاتٌ (S, TA) and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ حَكَمٌ. (TA.) Zuheyr says, describing horses, حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ meaning قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ بِحَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ بِحَكَمَاتِ الأَبَقِ [That had been curbed with curbs of untanned thong, and with curbs of hemp]: (S, TA:) or, accord. to Abu-l-Hasan, [the meaning is that had been furnished with curbs &c.; for he says that]

احكمت is here made trans. because it implies the signification of قُلِّدَتْ: (TA:) some relate the hemistich thus: حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ مَحْكُومَةً

[furnished with curbs of untanned thong, and hemp]. (S, TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The chin of a sheep (S, K) or goat. (S.) b3: And, of a man, (tropical:) The fore part of the face: (K, TA:) or, as some say, the lower part of the face: a metaphorical term from the حَكَمَة of the لِجَام: (TA:) or [in some copies of the K “ and ”] (tropical:) his head: [accord. to the CK, or the fore part of the head of a man:] and (tropical:) his state, or condition: and (tropical:) rank, and station. (K, TA.) You say, رَفَعَ اللّٰهُ حَكَمَتَهُ (tropical:) God exalted, or may God exalt, his head, or his state, or condition, and his rank, and station: because the stooping of the head is a characteristic of the low, or abject. (TA.) And لَهُ عِنْدَنَا حَكَمَةٌ (tropical:) He has rank in our estimation. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ عَالِى الحَكَمَةِ (tropical:) [Such a one is elevated in respect of rank, or station.] (TA.) A2: [See also حَاكِمٌ, of which it is a pl.]

حَكِيمٌ Possessing knowledge or science; [in its most usual sense,] possessing حِكْمَة [as meaning wisdom]; (S, TA; [see also أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ;]) [wise; a sage: and in the modern language, a philosopher: and particularly a physician:] one who performs, or executes, affairs firmly, solidly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; (S, IAth;) so that it is, in this sense, of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) one who executes well, and firmly, solidly, &c., the niceties of arts: (TA:) [pl. حُكَمَآءُ.] الحَكِيمُ [as meaning The All-wise] is one of the names of God. (TA.) b2: الذِّكْرُ الحَكِيمُ, applied to the Kur-án, means [The admonition] that decides judicially in your favour and against you: or that is rendered free from defect or imperfection; in which is no incongruity, nor any unsoundness. (TA.) حُكُومَةٌ an inf. n. of حَكَمَ [q. v.]: (K:) [and used as a simple subst.; pl. حُكُومَاتٌ:] see حُكْمٌ, in two places. b2: Also [Judicial authority; authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, فِى أَمْرٍ respecting an affair, or a case;] a subst. from اِحْتَكَمَ and تَحَكَّمَ; and so ↓ أُحْكُومَةٌ. (K, TA.) حَاكِمٌ One who judges, gives judgment, passes sentence, or decides judicially; a judge; an arbiter, arbitrator, or umpire; (S * Msb, K, TA;) between people: (Msb, TA:) [one who exercises judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government; a ruler, or governor:] and ↓ حَكَمٌ signifies the same: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) the حَاكِم between people is so called because he restrains from wrongdoing: (As, TA:) the pl. is حُكَّامٌ (Msb, K) and حَكَمَةٌ, meaning judges, [&c.,] (TA,) and حَاكِمُونَ is allowable. (Msb.) It is said in a prov., ↓ فِى بَيْتِهِ يُؤْتَى الحَكَمُ [In his house the judge is to be come to]. (S. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 204.]) الحَاكِمُ [as meaning The Supreme Judge] is one of the names of God. (TA.) See also the next paragraph.

A2: [The pl.] حَكَمَةٌ also signifies Mockers, scoffers, or deriders. (TA. [The ح in this case seems to be a substitute for ه: see art. هكم.]) ↓ أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ [The most qualified to judge of those who judge: or] the most knowing and most just [of them]: (Bd and Jel in xi. 47, where it is applied to God:) or it may mean the wisest of those who possess attributes of wisdom; supposing حَاكِمٌ to be [a possessive epithet] from الحِكْمَةُ, like دَارِعٌ from الدِّرْعُ. (Bd.) أُحْكُومَةٌ: see حُكُومَةٌ.

مُحْكَمٌ [pass. part. n. of أَحْكَمَهُ;] applied to a building [&c.,] Made, or rendered, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, &c.; held to be secure from falling to pieces. (KT.) b2: And hence, A passage, or portion, of the Kur-án of which the meaning is secured (أُحْكِمَ) from change, and alteration, and peculiarization, and interpretation not according to the obvious import, and abrogation. (KT.) And سُورَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ A chapter of the Kur-án not abrogated. (K.) And الآيَاتُ المُحْكَمَاتُ, [see Kur iii. 5, where it is opposed to آيَاتٌ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ,] The portion commencing with قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ [Kur vi. 152], to the end of the chapter: or the verses that are rendered free from defect or imperfection, so that the hearer thereof does not need to interpret them otherwise than according to their obvious import; such as the stories of the prophets; (K;) or so that they are preserved from being susceptible of several meanings. (Bd in iii. 5.) And المُحْكَمُ The portion of the Kur-án called المُفَصَّلُ [q. v.]; because nought thereof has been abrogated: or, as some say, what is unequivocal, or unambiguous; because its perspicuity is made free from defect, or imperfection, and it requires nothing else [to explain it]. (TA.) مَحْكَمَةٌ A place of judging; a tribunal; a court of justice.]

مُحَكَّمٌ فِى نَفْسِهِ [One who is made to judge respecting himself: and particularly] one who is given his choice between denial of God and slaughter, and chooses slaughter. (Mgh.) In a trad., in which it is said, إِنَّ الجَنَّةَ لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, [Verily Paradise is for the مُحَكَّمُون], (S,) لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, (S, K,) or, as some read, ↓ لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, (K,) denotes a people of those who are called أَصْحَابُ الأُخْدُودِ, who were given their choice between slaughter and the denial of God, and chose the remaining constant to El-Islám, with slaughter: (S, K:) or المحكّمون means those who fall into the hand of the enemy, and are given their choice between [the profession of] belief in a plurality of Gods, and slaughter, and choose slaughter. (IAth, TA.) b2: المُحَكَّمُ occurring in a poem of Tarafeh, (S,) or this is a mistake, and the right reading is ↓ المُحَكِّمُ, (K,) An old man, tried, or proved, and strengthened by experience in affairs; (S, K;) to whom حِكْمَة [or wisdom, &c.,] is attributed: (S:) or both are correct, like مُجَرَّبٌ and مُجَرِّبٌ, as several authors have allowed; the former meaning one whom events have controlled (حَكَّمَتْهُ الحَوَادِثُ), and tried, or proved; and the latter, one who has controlled (حَكَّمَ), and experienced, events. (MF.) مُحَكِّمٌ, and its pl. مُحَكِّمُونَ: see مُحَكَّمٌ. b2: المُحَكِّمَةُ is an appellation applied to the [schismatics called the] خَوَارِج because they disallowed the judgment of the ↓ حَكَمَانِ [or two judges], (S,) namely, Aboo-Moosà El-Ash'aree and 'Amr Ibn-El-' Ás, (K, TA,) and said that judgment الحُكْمُ) belongs not to any but God. (S.) فَرَسٌ مَحْكُومَةٌ A horse [furnished with a حَكَمَة; or] having a حَكَمَة upon his head. (Az, TA.) See حَكَمَةٌ.

مُتَحَكِّمٌ A judge who judges without evidence: and one who judges in the way of asking respecting a thing with the desire of bringing perplexity, or doubt, and difficulty, upon the person asked. (Har p. 97.)