عجم
1 عَجَمَهُ, (
S,
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـُ (
S,
Msb,)
inf. n. عَجْمٌ (
S,
Msb,
K) and عُجُومٌ, (
K,) He bit it: (
Msb,
K:) and he chewed it: (
Msb:) or he chewed it for the purpose of eating or of trial: (
K:) or he bit it with the lateral teeth, not with the central incisors: (
TA:) or he bit it, namely, a piece of wood, or a stick, or rod, or the like, in order to know whether it were hard or fragile: (
S:) or he tried it with his lateral teeth in order that he might know, or prove, its hardness: and he bit it, namely, a gaming-arrow known for winning, between two lateral teeth, in order to make upon it a mark by which he might know it. (
TA.)
b2: Hence, (
TA,) (
tropical:) He tried, tested, or proved, him. (
K,
TA.) And عَجَمْتُ عُودَهُ (assumed
tropical:) I tried, tested, or proved his case, and knew his state, or condition. (
S,
TA.) And عَجَمَتْهُ الأُمُورُ (assumed
tropical:) Affairs exercised him so as to render him strong for them, and habituated, or inured, to them. (
TA.) And Kabeesah Ibn-
Jábir says, الأُمُورَ وَعَاجَمَتْنِى ↓ وَعَاجَمْتُ كَأَنِّى كُنْتُ فِى الأُمَمِ الخَوَالِى
[(assumed
tropical:) And I have tried affairs, and they have tried me, as though I were of the generations that have passed away]; meaning, as though I were one of the long-lived, by reason of my many trials. (
Ham p. 340.)
b3: [Hence also,] one says, الثُّوْرُ يَعْجُمُ قَرْنَهُ (assumed
tropical:) The bull smites the tree with his horn to try, or test, it. (
S,
K.)
b4: And عَجَمَ السَّيْفَ, (
S,
K,)
inf. n. عَجْمٌ, (
TA,) (assumed
tropical:) He shook the sword to try, or test, it. (
S,
K.)
b5: مَا عَجَمَتْكَ عَيْنِى
مُنْذُ كَذَا means (assumed
tropical:) My eye has not seen thee since such a time; (
S,
K,
TA;) and is said by a man to one with whom his [last] meeting was long past. (
TA.) An Arab of the desert is related to have said, تَعْجُمُكَ عَيْنِى, meaning (assumed
tropical:) [My eye seems to know thee; or] it seems to me that I have seen thee. (
TA.) And one says, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا فَجَعَلَتْ عَيْنِى تَعْجُمُهُ i. e. (assumed
tropical:) [I saw such a one,] and my eye seemed to know him, (
Lh,
S,
K,
TA,) not knowing him perfectly, as though not certain of him. (
TA.) And عَجَمُونِى (assumed
tropical:) They knew me. (
TA.)
b6: And [hence,
app.,] one says, نَظَرْتُ فِى
الكِتَابِ فَعَجَمْتُ, meaning (assumed
tropical:) [I looked into the book, or writing, and] I did not know surely its letters. (
TA.)
b7: See also 4.
A2: عَجُمَ, [
aor. ـُ
inf. n. عُجْمَةٌ, He had an impotence, or an impediment, or a difficulty, in his speech, or utterance; and [a barbarousness, or vitiousness, therein, especially in speaking Arabic; (see عُجْمَةٌ below;) i. e.] a want of clearness, perspicuousness, distinctness, chasteness, or correctness, therein. (
Msb.) 2 عَجَّمَ see 4.
3 عَاْجَمَ see the verse cited in the first paragraph.
4 اعجمهُ He made it (i. e. speech, or language,
S,
K, or a thing,
TA) to want, or be without, or to have a quality the contrary of, clearness, perspicuousness, or distinctness; (
S,
Msb,
K, *
TA;) or [to be barbarous, or vitious, i. e.] to want, or be without, chasteness, or correctness. (
K, *
TA.) Ru-beh says, [in some verses very differently cited in different copies of the
S,] of him who attempts poetry without having knowledge thereof, يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُعْرِبَهُ فَيُعْجِمُهْ [He desires to make it clear, &c., and he makes it to want clearness, &c.]. (
S.)
b2: And He dotted it, or pointed it, (
S,
K,) namely, a letter, (
S,) or a writing; (
K;) he removed its عُجْمَة [or want of clearness, &c.,] by means of dots, or [diacritical] points, (
Nh,
Msb,
TA,) and [the signs called]
شَكْل, [but see شكل,] which distinguished it, namely, a letter, from other letters; the ا denoting privation; (
Msb;) as
ISd holds to be the case; (
TA;) and so ↓ عجّمهُ, (
S, *
K,)
inf. n. تَعْجِيمٌ; (
S;) and ↓ عَجَمَهُ, (
K,)
inf. n. عَجْمٌ; (
S;) for
J's assertion [in the
S] that one should not say عَجَمْتُ is a mistake: (
K:) this last verb, however, which
J thus disallows, is disallowed also by
Th, in his
Fs, and by most of the expositors thereof; and
J confined himself to the correct and chaste. (
TA.)
b3: And He locked it; namely, a door. (
Msb.)
b4: نَهَانَا النِّبِىُّ أَنْ نُعْجِمَ النَّوَى طَبْخًا [The Prophet forbade us to make the date-stones to become as though they were chewed and bitten], (
K,*
TA,) occurring in a
trad., means that when dates are cooked for دِبْس, (
K,
TA,) i. e. for taking their sweetness, (
TA,) they should be cooked gently, so that the cooking shall not extend to the stones, (
K,
TA,) nor produce upon them such an effect as that of their being chewed and bitten, (
TA,) and thus spoil the taste of the حَلَاوَة, (
K,
TA,) so in the copies of the
K, but correctly, as in the
Nh, the سُلَافَة [here meaning the sweet decocture]; (
TA;) or because they [the date-stones] are food for the home-fed animals, and therefore they should not be thoroughly cooked, that their taste, (
K,
TA,) in the
Nh their strength, (
TA,) may not go away: (
K,
TA:) or the meaning is, [that he forbade] the cooking the date-stones immoderately, so that they would crumble, and their strength, with which they would be good for the sheep, or goats, would be spoiled. (
TA.) 7 إِنْعَجَمَ see the next paragraph.
10 استعجم He was unable to speak: (
TA:) he was silent, mute, or speechless; (
K,
TA;) said of a man. (
TA.) And اِسْتَعْجَمَتِ الدَّارُ عَنْ جَوَابِ سَائِلِهَا [The dwelling kept silence from replying to its interrogator]: and Imra-el-Keys says, صَمَّ صَدَاهَا وَعَفَا رَسْمُهَا وَاسْتَعْجَمَتْ عَنْ مَنْطِقِ السَّائِلِ [Its echo has become dumb, and its trace has become effaced, and it has become in the state of keeping silence from answering the speech of the interrogator]: he makes استعجمت
trans. by means of عن because it is used in the sense of سَكَتَتْ. (
TA.)
b2: One says also, استعجم عَلَيْهِ الكَلَامُ, (
S,) or عَلَيْنَا, (
Msb,) meaning Speech was as though it were closed against him, or us; or he, or we, became impeded in speech, unable to speak, or tongue-tied;
syn. اِسْتَبْهَمَ: (
S,
Msb:) and عليه الكلام ↓ انعجم; [which means the same;]
syn. اِنْطَبَقَ and اِنْغَلَقَ. (
K * and
TA in art. طبق.) And
accord. to the
K, one says, استعجم القِرَآءَةَ, meaning He was unable to perform [or continue] the recitation, or reading, by reason of the overcoming of drowsiness: but what is said in the
Nh and other works is اِسْتَعْحَمَتْ عَلَيْهِ قِرَآءَتُهُ i. e. His recitation, or reading, was cut short, and he was unable to perform [or continue] it, by reason of drowsiness: and it is also
expl. as meaning he was, or became, impeded in his recitation, or reading, and unable to perform [or continue] it, as though he became one in whom was عُجْمَة. (
TA.)
b3: And استعجم الخَبَرُ means The information, or narration, was dubious, confused, vague, or difficult to be understood or expressed; or was not to be understood or expressed; as though it were closed [against the hearer or speaker];
syn. اِسْتَبْهَمَ, and اِسْتَغْلَقَ. (
Msb in art. بهم.) عَجْمٌ The young of camels; (
S,
Msb,
K,
TA;) such as the بَنَات لَبُون and حِقَاق and جِذَاع: (
IAar,
S, *
Msb, *
TA:) thus far: (
S,
Msb:) when they have entered upon the state of إِثْنَآء, they are of the جِلَّة thereof: (
IAar,
TA:) applied to the male and to the female: (
S,
Msb,
K:)
pl. عُجُومٌ [
app. meaning young camels of different ages not exceeding the age of the جَذَع]. (
S,
K.)
A2: And The root, or base, of the tail; (
S,
Msb,
K;) which is the عُصْعُص; (
S,
Msb;) as also ↓ عُجْمٌ; (
K;) like عَجْبٌ [and عُجْبٌ]; (
S,
Msb;) [each] a
dial. var. of عجب; (
Msb;) or,
accord. to
Lh, the م is a substitute for the ب of عجب. (
TA.)
A3: See also عَجَمٌ.
A4: [Golius and Freytag have assigned to this word a meaning belonging to عَجْمِىٌّ.]
عُجْمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph:
A2: and that here following.
عَجَمٌ [Foreigners, as meaning] others than Arabs; such as are not Arabs; [often used as implying disparagement, like barbarians; and often especially meaning Persians;] (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) as also ↓ عُجْمٌ, [of which see an
ex. in a verse of Lebeed cited
voce رَازِقِىٌّ,] (
S,
Msb,
K,) or this latter may be a
pl. of the former: (
TA:) ↓ عَجَمِىٌّ (of which أَعْجَامٌ is
pl.,
TA) signifies one thereof; (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) one who is of the race of the عَجَم; (
K;) though he may be chaste, or correct, in [the Arabic] speech; (
Mgh,
K;) the ى denoting unity; but it is also the relative ى, and thus one may apply to an Arab the appellation ↓ عَجَمِىٌّ as meaning called thus in relation to the عَجَم: (
Msb:) and one says also ↓ رَجُلٌ أَعْجَمُ [a man not of the Arabs]: and ↓ قَوْمٌ أَعْجَمُ [a people, or party, not of the Arabs]. (
K.)
A2: Also The stones of dates (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K) and of the drupes of the lote-tree (
Msb) and of grapes (
Mgh,
Msb) and of raisins and of pomegranates and the like, (
Mgh,) or also of other things, (
Msb,) or the similar stones of anything, (
K,) or also whatever is in the interior of a thing that is eaten such as the raisin and the like; (
S;) and ↓ عُجَامٌ signifies the same: (
K:) the vulgar say ↓ عَجْم: (Yaakoob,
S:) [see also غِيضٌ, in an explanation of which عَجَمٌ is evidently, I think, used as meaning the heart (commonly termed جُمَّار
q. v.) of the palm-tree:] the
n. un. is عَجَمَةٌ, (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,) which is incorrectly
expl. by
AHn as meaning a grape-stone when it germinates. (
ISd,
TA.)
A3: Also Camels that bite, or chew, the [trees called] عِضَاه and the tragacanths and [other] thorny trees, and satisfy themselves therewith so as to be in no need of the [plants called] حَمْض. (
S.) عَجْمَةٌ
sing. of عَجَمَاتٌ, (
K,
TA,) which signifies Hard rocks (
S,
K,
TA) protruding (
lit. growing forth) in a valley. (
TA.)
b2: See also عَجَمَةٌ.
عُجْمَةٌ (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K,
TA) An impotence, or an impediment, or a difficulty, (
Msb,
TA, *) in speech, or utterance; (
S,
Msb,
K,
TA;) and [a barbarousness, or vitiousness, therein; i. e.] a want of clearness, perspicuousness, distinctness, chasteness, or correctness, therein, (
Mgh,
Msb,) meaning, in speaking Arabic. (
Mgh,
Msb. *) [See also 1, last sentence, where it is mentioned as an
inf. n.]
A2: Also, (
S,
K,) and ↓ عِجْمَةٌ, (
K,) Such as is accumulated, or congested, of sand: or abundance thereof: (
K,
TA:) or sand rising above what is around it: (
TA:) or the last portion of sand. (
S in explanation of the former.) عِجْمَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.
عَجَمَةٌ, (
S,
TA,) thus in the
L, and thus correctly, (
TA,) i. e. بِالتَّحْرِيكِ, (
S,
TA,) but in the
K ↓ عَجْمَةٌ, (
TA,) [
app. from the same word as signifying “ a date-stone,”
n. un. of عَجَمٌ,] A palmtree growing from a date-stone. (
S,
K,
TA.) عَجْمِىٌّ, with the ج quiescent, Intelligent and discriminating; (
K,
TA;) applied to a man. (
TA.) عَجَمِىٌّ;
pl. أَعْجَامٌ: see عَجَمٌ, first sentence. [The
sing. is applied to anything as meaning Of, or belonging to, the عَجَم.]
عَجَمِيَّةٌ [A speech, or language, foreign to the Arabs]. (
TA in art.
رطن.) عُجَامٌ: see عَجَمٌ, latter half.
عَجُومٌ: see عَجَمْجَمَةٌ.
عُجَامَةٌ A thing that one has bitten, or chewed [like مُضَاغَةٌ]. (
TA. [The explanation there given is ما عجمه: correctly مَا عَجَمْتَ.]) عَجُومَةٌ: see عَجَمْجَمَةٌ.
عَجَّامٌ The large خُفَّاش [or bat]; and the وَطْوَاط [which
accord. to some signifies the same as خُفَّاش; but
accord. to others, the large خُفَّاش; or the swallow; or a species of the swallows of the mountains]. (
K.) عَاجِمَةٌ: and عَاجِمَاتٌ: see what next follows.
عَوَاجِمُ [a
pl. of which the
sing. ↓ عَاجِمَةٌ (a
subst. formed from the
act. part. n. عَاجِمٌ) I do not find mentioned] The teeth. (
S,
K.)
b2: and Camels; because they bite, or chew, bones; and so ↓ عَاجِمَاتٌ. (
TA.) عَجَمْجَمَةٌ applied to a she-camel, (
AA,
S,
K,) Strong; like عَثَمْثَمَةٌ: (
AA,
S:) or strong to journey; as also ↓ عَجُومَةٌ (
K,
TA) and ↓ عَجُومٌ: (
TA:)
pl. of the first عَجَمْجَمَاتٌ. (
AA,
S.) أَعْجَمُ One having an impotence, or an impediment, or a difficulty, in speech, or utterance, (
S,
Msb,) though he may be clear, perspicuous, distinct, chaste, or correct, in speaking a foreign language; (
S;) and [barbarous, or vitious therein; i. e.] not clear, perspicuous, distinct, chaste, or correct, therein; (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) meaning, in speaking Arabic, (
S,
Mgh,
Msb, *
K, *) though he may be an Arab; (
S,
Mgh,
Msb;) and ↓ أَعْجَمِىٌّ signifies the same, (
Mgh,
Msb,
K,) and therefore, if applied to an Arab, it does not imply reproach; (
Msb; [but it is said in the
Mgh that this demands consideration;]) or this latter
epithet is applied to a tongue, or speech, and to a book, or writing, but not to a man unless it be
syn. with the former
epithet: (
S:) the
fem. of the former is عَجْمَآءُ: (
S,
Mgh,
Msb:) and the dual
masc. أَعْجَمَانِ (
S) and fem.
عَجْمَاوَانِ; (
Har p. 226;) and the
pl. masc.
أَعْجَمُونَ (
S,
Msb,
TA) and أَعَاجِمُ (
S,
TA) and عُجْمَانٌ: (
TA:) and the
pl. of ↓ أَعْجَمِىٌّ is أَعْجَمِيُّونَ. (
Msb.) See also عَجَمٌ, first sentence, in two places.
b2: Also Dumb; speechless; destitute of the faculty of speech; (
K,
TA:) unable to speak; and so ↓ مُسْتَعْجِمٌ: (
S,
TA:)
fem. of the former as above. (
TA.)
b3: Hence, (
S,) by predominance of its application, (
Mgh,) عَجْمَآءُ signifies A beast, or brute;
syn. بَهِيمَةٌ; (
S,
Mgh,
K;) and so ↓ مُسْتَعْجِمٌ [or the
fem. of this]: (
TA:)
pl. of the former in this sense, as a
subst., عَجْمَاوَاتٌ: (
Har p. 13:) [and] عَجْمَآءُ is applied [also] as an
epithet to a beast, or brute, (بهيمة,) for the like reason. (
Msb.) It is said in a
trad., جُرْحُ العَجْمَآءِ جُبَارٌ [
expl. in art. جبر]. (
S,
Mgh.)
b4: [Hence also] فَحْلٌ أَعْجَمُ signifies A stallion [camel] that brays in a شِقْشِقَة [or faucial bag] to which there is no perforation, so that the sound does not issue from it: and they approve of the sending such among the شَوْل [or she-camels that have passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth] because he usually begets females. (
TA.)
b5: (
tropical:) The prayer of the daytime is termed عَجْمَآءُ because the reciting [of the
Kur-án] therein is inaudible; (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K,
TA;) i. e. the prayer of noon and of afternoon; (
TA;) and these two together are termed العَجْمَاوَانِ. (
Har p. 226.)
b6: مَوْجٌ أَعْجَمُ means (
tropical:) Waves that do not sprinkle their water, and of which no sound is heard. (
S,
K.)
b7: And عَجْمَآءُ [or رَمْلَةٌ عَجْمَآءُ?] (assumed
tropical:) A tract of sand in which are no trees. (
IAar,
K.) أَعْجَمِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence, in two places. [It is often improperly used for عَجَمِىٌّ.]
أَعْجَمِيَّةٌ [A barbarous, or vitious, speech or language]. (
TA in art.
رطن.) صُلْبُ المَعْجَمِ [
lit. Hard in respect of the place of biting, or of chewing. And hence,] applied to a man, (
S,
K,
TA,) as also ↓ صُلْبُ المَعْجَمَةِ, (
TA,) (
tropical:) Mighty, strong, resisting, or indomitable, in respect of spirit; (
S,
K,
TA;) such as, when tried by affairs, or events, is found to be mighty, strong, or resisting, and hard, or hardy. (
TA.) And ↓ نَاقَةَ ذَاتُ مَعْجَمَةٍ (
tropical:) A she-camel having strength, or power, and fatness, and endurance of journeying: (
S,
K,
TA:) or having patience, and soundness, and strength for treading the way with vehemence: [for الدعك the last word of this explanation in my original, (evidently, I think, a mistranscription,) I read الدَّعْق:]
Sh disapproves of the saying having fatness:
accord. to
IB, the phrase signifies a she-camel such as, when tried, is found to have strength for traversing the desert, or waterless desert; and he says that it does not mean in which is fatness. (
TA.) مُعْجَمٌ [
pass. part. n. of 4: and also an
inf. n. of that verb]. حُرُوفُ المُعْجَمِ, an appellation of The letters of the alphabet (الحُرُوف المُقَطَّعَة) [of the language of the Arabs], most of which are distinguished by being dotted from the letters of other peoples, means حُرُوفُ الخَطِّ المُعْجَمِ [the letters of the dotted character]: (
S:) or by المُعْجَمِ is meant الإِعْجَامِ, it being an
inf. n., like المُدْخَل (
S,
K) and المُخْرَج, (
S,) so that the meaning of حُرُوفُ المُعْجَمِ is [the letters] of which a property is the being dotted: (
S,
K:) of which explanations, the latter is held by
Mbr and
IB and others to be the more correct. (
L,
TA.)
b2: Also, applied to a door, Locked. (
S,
K.) مَعْجَمَة: see مَعْجَم, in two places.
مُعَجَّمٌ [applied to a plant, or herbage, Much bitten; or] eaten [or depastured] until but little thereof has remained. (
IAar,
TA.) مُسْتَعْجَمٌ: see أَعْجَمُ, in two places.
