نوش

1 نَاشَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Msb,) inf. n. نَوْشٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) He took it, or reached it, absolutely, or with the hand, or with the extended hand; (S, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تناوشهُ, (A, TA,) inf. n. تَنَاوُشٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and ↓ انتاشهُ, (A, TA,) inf. n. إِنْتِيَاشٌ: (S, K:) it is also written with ء; (A, K, TA, in art. نأش;) and so is تَنَاوُشٌ. (Msb, and K in art. نأش.) And He took him, or reached him, to seize his beard, or his head. (ISk, S.) You say, نَاشَهُ نَوْشَةً خَفِيفَةً

[He reached him with a feeble, or slight reach, with his spear or the like]. (A.) And الرِّمَاحُ تَنُوشُهُ The spears reach him: occurring in a poem of Dureyd Ibn-Es-Simmeh. (TA.) and الظِّبَآءُ تَنُوشُ الأَرَاكَ [The antelopes reach and take with their mouths of the trees called اراك]; as also ↓ تَنْتَاشُهُ. (A.) And النَّاقَةُ تَنُوشُ بِفِيَها الحَوْضَ [The she-camel reaches and takes with her mouth of the water of the drinking-trough]. (TA.) A poet says, (ISk, S,) namely, Gheylán Ibn-Horeyth Er-Raba'ee, (TA,) فَهْىَ تَنُوشُ الحَوْضَ نَوْشًا مِنْ عَلَا نَوْشًا بِهِ تَقْطَعُ أَجْوَازَ الْفَلَا And she reaches and takes of the drinking-trough, from above it, a copious draught by means of which she traverses [the middles of the] waterless deserts without needing other water. (S.) Yousay also, نُشْتُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ شَيْئًا I obtained somewhat of the food. (TA.) And الوَصِيَّةُ نَوْشٌ مِنَ المَعْرُوفِ [The testament is a means of an attaining of benefit]: i. e., the testator gives [for يَتَنَاوَلُ in my original I read يُنَاوِلُ] to the legatee without diminishing his property [during his own life]. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [xxxiv. 51,] مِنْ مَكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ ↓ وَأَنَّى لَهُمُ التَّنَاوُشُ meaning, [But how shall] the attaining of belief [be possible to them from a distant place, i. e.,] in the world to come, when they have disbelieved in him [namely Mohammad] in the present world? in which passage some read [التَّنَاؤُشُ,] with ء. (S.) [See art. نأش.] Accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, in this instance, ↓ التناوش signifies Returning. (K, * TA.) And 'Áïsheh said of her father, الدِّينَ بِنَعْشِهِ إِيَّاهُ ↓ فَانْتَاشَ And he restored the religion, and laid hold upon it and took it from the abyss into which it had fallen; [by his exalting it;] in which instance, also, the verb is sometimes pronounced with ء. (TA.) b2: نَاشَ بِهِ, aor. as above, He clung, or clave, to him, or it. (TA.) A2: نُشْتُهُ خَيْرًا, (Lth, S,) inf. n. نَوْشٌ, (Lth,) I made him to attain good; (Lth, S;) and شَرًّا evil. (Lth.) 3 نَاوَشُوهُمْ بِالرِّمَاحِ, [inf. n. مُنَاوَشَةٌ, They reached, or thrust, them with the spears, in near, but not close, conflict, being in like manner reached, or thrust, by them,] (A, Mgh,) is from تَنَاوُشٌ in the first of the senses assigned to it above: (Mgh:) مُنَاوَشَةٌ, in conflict, is the reaching one another [with spears or other weapons] (ISk, S, K) when the two parties are near [but not close]: (ISk, S, TA) and is like مُهَاوَشَةٌ, i. e., conflicting. (TA.) See also 6. b2: ناوش الشَّىْءَ He mixed with [or engaged in] the thing. (IAar.) 6 تَنَاْوَشَ see 1, in three places. b2: تَنَاوَشُوهُمْ بِالرِّمَاحِ They [reached or] thrust them with the spears, [in near, but not close, conflict,] being in like manner [reached or] thrust by them: (Msb:) تَنَاوُشٌ is the reaching one another with the spears [or other weapons] when the two parties are not close together. (TA.) See also 3.8 إِنْتَوَشَ see 1, in three places. b2: انتاشهُ also signifies he caused him to come, or go, forth (K, TA) from a place of destruction: or he took, led, or drew, him forth therefrom: (TA:) and he saved him, or rescued him, from destruction. (A, * TA.) نَوُوشٌ Strong: (K:) a man possessing might, or strength, courage, valour, or prowess: (S, TA:) as also نَؤُوشٌ, q. v. (TA.) [In two copies of the S, I find the latter only, with ء].

غر
الغَرُّ: الكَسْرُ في الجِلْدِ من السِّمَن.
والغُرُوْرُ: كُسُورُ الثوب التي يُطْوى عليها، الواحِدُ غَرُّ. ويُقال: اطْوِهِ على غَره.
والغُرَيْرِيّاتُ: نُون مَنْسُوبةٌ.
والغُرَّةُ: فى الجَبْهَة، والنعْتُ أغَرُّ وغَرّاء. وتَغَررَ الفَرَسُ.
وفلانٌ غُرةٌ من غُرَرِ قَوْمه.
وغُرةُ النباتِ: رَأْسُه. والهِلالُ لَيْلَةَ يُرى.
والغُرَرُ: ثلاثَةُ أيّام من أولِ الشَّهْر.
والغُرَّةُ: عَبْدٌ أو أمَةٌ في دِيَةِ الجَنِين.
والغُرُّ: طَيْرٌ سُوْدٌ من طَيْرِ الماءِ، والواحِدُ غَرّاءُ ة ذَكَراً كانَ أو أُنثى.
والغِرُّ: كالغمْرِ، والمَصْدَر الغَرَارَةُ. وجارِيَةٌ غَرِيرة: غِرَّةٌ. وفي المَثَل: " أغَرَّ من ظبْيٍ مُقْمِرٍ " من الغِرَّة، ويكون من الغُرُور.
وعَيْشٌ غَرِيْرٌ: لا يفزعُ أهْله.
وأنا غَرِيْرُكَ من فلانٍ: أي أًحَذِّرُكَه، وقيل: معناه اغتَرني فَسَلْني عنه على غِرةٍ، فإني عالِمٌ به. واغْتَرَّهُ الأمْرُ: أتاه على غِرَّةٍ.
والغَرِيْرُ: الكَفِيلُ. وا
لغارُّ: الغافِلُ.
والغَرُوْرُ: الشَّيطانُ.
والغَرّارَة: الــدُّنيا.
وغَررَ بمالِه: إذا حَمَلَه على خَطَرٍ. والفِعْلُ غَرَّ يَغُرُّ غُرُوراً. وقَوْمٌ غِرٌّ وأغِرَّاء.
والغِرَارةُ: وِعاءٌ. وسَمَكَةٌ طَويلةٌ، والجميع غِرَارٌ.
والغَرَرُ: كالخَطَرِ. والتغِرةُ والتغْرِيْرُ واحِد في الحَدِيث.
والغَرْغَرَةُ: التغَرْغُرُ في الحَلْق. وكَسْرُ قَصَبِ الأنْفِ ورأْسِ القارُوْرَة.
وحِكايَةُ صَوْتِ الراعي ونحوِه.
والطَّيْرُ يَغُر فَرْخَه: إذا زَقَّه.
وغَررْتُ القِرْبَةَ: مَلأْتها.
والغِرَارُ: حَدُّ السَّيْفِ والسَّهْم. والمِثالُ. والنوْمُ القَليلُ. بَنَوْا بُيُوْتَهم على غِرَارٍ واحدٍ. ويقولونَ: لَيْتَ غداً يكون غِرارَ شَهْرٍ: أي مِثاله في الطُّول. والنُّقْصانُ أيضاً، غارَّتِ الناقةُ غِرَاراً: نَقَصَ لبنُها، ولا غِرَارَ في التَّسليم. وهو الكَسَادُ أيضاً. وفي المَثَل: " سَبَقَتْ دِرَّتُه غِرَارَه ".
وغِرَارُ العَيْنِ: مُؤْخِرُ العَيْن.
والغِرْغِرُ: دَجَاجُ الحَبَشِ. وقيل: نَبْتٌ.
والغُرْغُورُ: الوادي الذي يَتَغَرْغَرُ فيه السَّيْلُ أي يَتَرَدَّدُ.
وأخَذْتُ على غَرَرِ المَدِينةِ وغِرَارِها: أي قَصْدِها.
ولنَصْل السًهْم غَرَّانِ: وهما الخَطّانِ اللَّذانِ في أصْل العَيْرِ من جانِبَيْه. وهو في السَّيف: شُطْبَتانِ في وَسَطه.
والغُرَيْرَاءُ: طائر أسْوَدُ أصْغَرُ من العُصْفُور.
والغَرّاءُ: عُشْبَةٌ حارَّةٌ تَنْبُتُ في الرِّمال.
والغُرَيْرى - مَقْصُور -: نَبْتٌ.
وغَر الماءُ غِرَاراً: نَضَبَ.
ورَجُلٌ مُغَارُّ الكَفِّ وأنَّ به لَمُغَازَةً: إذا كانَ بخيلاً صَلُوداً.
وغَرَّرَتْ سِنُّ الصَبيِّ: إذا خَرَجَتْ. وغُرُوْرُ الأسنانِ: أطرافُها، الواحِدُ غَر.
والغارُّ: الذي يَغُرُّ القَلِيبَ أي يَحْفِرُها.
وتَرَكَ حاجَتَه حتى غارَّتْ: أي مَضَتْ.
والغُرّانُ: النُّفّاخاتُ فَوْقَ الماء.
وتُدْعى العَنْزُ للحَلَب فَيُقال: غرْغُرى.
والغَرْغَرَةُ: الرِّفْهُ من الأوْراد.

غر

1 غَرَّهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. غُرُورٌ (Fr, S, Msb, K) and غَرٌّ, (Az, K,) which latter is preferable to the former, [though less common,] because the inf. n. of a trans. verb is scarcely ever of the measure فُعُولٌ, (Az,) and غِرَّةٌ (Lh, K) and غَرَرٌ, (IKtt, TA,) He (the devil, TA) deceived him; beguiled him; (S, K;) made him to desire what was vain, or false. (K.) You say غَرَّتْهُ الــدُّنْيَا The world deceived him, or beguiled him, by its finery, or show, or pomp. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [lxxxii. 6], مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ What hath deceived thee, and led thee into error, so that thou hast neglected what was incumbent on thee to thy Lord? (Aboo-Is-hák:) or what hath deceived thee respecting thy Lord, and induced thee to disobey Him, and to feel secure from his punishment? (TA:) or what hath deceived thee, and emboldened thee to disobey thy Lord? (Bd. [But see بِ as syn. with عَنْ.]) مَا غَرَّكَ بِفُلَانٍ signifies [What hath deceived thee, and emboldened thee against such a one? or] how is it that thou art emboldened against such a one? (As, S, Msb, TA.) [See also 4.] And مَنْ غَرَّكَ بِفُلَانٍ, (TA,) and مِنْ فُلَانٍ, (S, TA,) Who hath made thee to pursue a course without being rightly directed, or a course not plain, (مَنْ أَوْطَأَكَ عُشْوَةً, S, TA,) with respect to such a one, (S,) or with respect to the case of such a one? (TA. [See again 4.]) [Also غُرَّ مِنْ فُلَانٍ, i. e. غُرَّ غُرُورًا صَادِرًا مِنْ فُلَانٍ, He was deceived by such a one; he was deceived with deceit proceeding from such a one. See غَرِيرٌ, as syn. with مَغْرُورٌ.] And غَرَّ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا Such a one exposed such a one to perdition or destruction [app. by deceiving him]. (TA. [See also 2, and 4.]) Also Such a one acted with such a one in a manner resembling the slaying with the edge of the sword. (TA. [See 3 in art. عطو.]) A2: غَرَّ فَرْخَهُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) inf. n. غَرٌّ (S, O, K) and غِرَارٌ, (O, K, [or the latter is inf. n. of غَارَّ only,]) It (a bird, S, O, K, * or a pigeon, TA) fed its young one with its bill: (S, O, K:) and أُنْثَاهُ ↓ غارّ, (As, S, K,) inf. n. غِرَارٌ (S) or مُغَارَّةٌ, (TA,) he (the [collared turtle-dove called] قُمْرِىّ) fed his female with his bill. (As, S, K.) b2: Hence, in a trad., كَانَ يَغُرُّ عَلِيًّا (O, TA) بِالعِلْمِ (TA) (assumed tropical:) He (the Prophet) used to nourish 'Alee with knowledge like as the bird feeds its young one. (O, TA. *) And one says, غُرَّ فُلَانٌ مِنَ العِلْمِ مَا لَمْ يُغَرُّهُ غَيْرُهُ (assumed tropical:) Such a one has been nourished, and instructed, with that wherewith other than he has not been nourished, and instructed, of knowledge. (TA.) A3: غَرَّ, aor. ـِ (S, Msb,) with kesr; (S;) or غَرَّ, see. Pers\. غَرِرْتَ, aor. ـَ (K, TA;) inf. n. غَرَارَةٌ; (S, Msb, K;) He (a man, S, Msb, or a youth, or young man, K) was inexperienced in affairs; (S, K;) he was ignorant of affairs; negligent, or heedless, of them. (Msb.) You say كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى غَرَارَتِى وَحَدَاثَتِى, i. e. فِى غِرَّتِى, That was in [the time of] my inexperience and youth. (S.) [See also 8.] b2: And غَرَّ, (K,) see. Pers\. غَررْتَ, (IAar, T, TA,) aor. ـَ with fet-h, (IAar, T, K,) inf. n. غَرَارَةٌ, (IAar, T, TA,) He acted in a youthful or childish manner: (IAar, T, TA:) or he so acted after having soundness of judgment, produced by experience. (Sgh, K.) But this is at variance with what J cites from Fr, in art. شد, that the aor. of an intrans. verb of this class of the measure فَعَلَ, should be of the measure يَفْعِلُ, with kesr to the ع. (TA.) A4: غَرَّ, (IAar, IKtt, K,) in one place written by IAar غَرِرَ, to show that it is of the measure فَعِلَ, and that the sec. Pers\. is غَرِرْتَ, (TA,) aor. ـَ (IAar, IKtt, K,) inf. n. غَرَرٌ (IAar, K) and غُرَّةٌ, (IAar, IKtt, K,) or the latter, as ISd thinks, is not an inf. n., but a subst., (TA,) and غَراَرَةٌ, (K,) He (a horse, IAar, IKtt, and a camel, IAar) had what is termed a غُرَّة upon his forehead: (IAar, IKtt:) it (his face) had what is so termed: (K:) it (his face) became white. (IAar, K. *) b2: غَرَّ, aor. ـَ He (a man) became eminent, or noble. (TA.) b3: And غُرَّةٌ signifies also A grape-vine's quickly becoming tall. (K.) A5: See also R. Q. 1.

A6: غَرَّ عَلَيْهِ المَآءَ He poured upon him, or it, the water: like قَرَّ. (TA.) And غُرَّ فِى حَوْضِكَ Pour thou into thy watering-trough. (TA.) And غُرَّ فِى سِقَائِكَ Fill thou thy skin by putting it into the water and throwing the water into it with thy hand, not abstaining until thou fillest it: thus as related by Az accord. to the usage of the desert-Arabs. (TA.) 2 غرّر بِنَفْسِهِ, (S, K, TA,) and بِمَالِهِ, (TA,) inf. n. تَغْرِيرٌ and تَغِرَّةٌ, (S, K,) He exposed himself, (K, TA,) and his property, (TA,) to perdition, or destruction, or loss, (K, TA,) without knowing it: (TA:) he endangered, jeoparded, hazarded, or risked, himself, (S, TA,) [and his property,] and was negligent, or heedless, of the end, issue, or result, of an affair. (TA.) [See also 1.]

A2: غُزِّرَ He (a horse) was marked with a غُرَّة [i. e. a star, or blaze, or white mark, on the forehead or face]: you say بِمَ غُرِّرَ فَرَسُكَ With what kind of غُرَّة is thy horse marked? and the owner answers, With a شاَدِخَة, or with a وَتِيرَة, &c. (Mubtekir El-Aarábee, TA.) A3: غَرَّرَتْ ثَنِيَّتَا الغُلاَمٍ

The central incisors of the boy showed their points for the first time: (S:) or غرّر الغُلاَمُ the first of the teeth of the boy showed its point; as though the غُرَّة, i. e. whiteness, of his teeth appeared: and غَرَّرَتْ أَسْنَانُ الصَّبِىِّ the teeth of the boy were disposed to grow, and came forth. (TA.) b2: and hence, (TA,) غَرَّرَتِ الطَّيْرُ The birds desired, or endeavoured, to fly, and raised their wings. (K, TA.) A4: غرّر القِرْبَةَ (Sgh, K, TA) and السِّقَآءَ (TA) He filled the water-skin. (Sgh, K, TA.) 3 غارّت النَّاقَةُ, (As, ISk, S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. غِرَارٌ, (ISk, S,) The she-camel became scant of milk: (As, S, K:) or deficient in milk: (TA:) or she took fright, and drew up her milk, (ISk, S,) after yielding milk freely: (ISk, TA:) or the she-camel, having yielded milk abundantly on her teats' being stroked, and not being promptly milked, drew up her milk, and would not yield it plentifully until it collected again in her udder in the interval before the next period of milking. (Az.) [This signification of the verb is said in the TA to be tropical: but I rather think it to be proper; as the next is derived from it.] b2: غارَّت السُّوقُ, aor. ـَ (Az, S,) inf. n. غِرَارٌ, (Az, S, K,) (tropical:) The market became stagnant, or dull, with respect to traffic; (Az, S, K;) contr. of دَرَّت. (Az, S.) b3: [See also غِرَارٌ, below.]

A2: غارّ

أُنْثَاهُ, said of the قُمْرِىّ: see 1.4 اغرّهُ He, or it, emboldened him, or encouraged him; [by deceiving him;] syn. أَجْسَرَهُ: so says AHeyth; and he cites the following verse: أَغَرَّ هِشَامًا مِنْ أَخِيهِ ابْنِ أُمِّهِ قَوَادِمُ صَأْنٍ يَسَّرَتْ وَرَبِيعُ meaning [The teats of sheep that have yielded abundance of milk and of young, and spring herbage, i. e.] the abundance of his sheep and their milk, have emboldened Hishám against his brother, the son of his mother, [to pursue a wrong course towards him, and] to forsake him, thinking himself in dependent of him: the poet makes قوادم to belong to sheep, whereas they properly belong to the udders of camels, using the word metaphorically. (TA.) [But I incline to think that the أَ in أَغَرَّ is the interrogative particle, and that its explanation is أَجَسَّرَ, with the same particle; and the more so as I have not found any authority, if this be not one, for أَجْسَرَ in the sense of جَسَّرَ: so that the meaning of the verse is, Have the teats, &c.? and it shows that غَرَّهُ مِنْهُ, not أَغَرَّهُ, means جَسَّرَهُ عَلَيْهِ, like غَرَّهُ بِهِ. See 1.] b2: Also He caused him to fall into peril, danger, jeopardy, hazard, or risk. (TA.) [But perhaps this meaning is also derived from a misunderstanding of the verse quoted above. See again 1.]8 اغترّ He became deceived, or beguiled; (S, K;) made to desire what was vain, or false; (K;) بِشَىْءٍ by a thing. (S.) [See also 10.] b2: He was negligent, inattentive, inadvertent, inconsiderate, heedless, or unprepared; (S, K;) he thought himself secure, and therefore was not on his guard. (Msb.) [See again 10.]

A2: اغترَهُ He, or it, came to him when he was negligent, inadvertent, heedless, or unprepared; (T, S, TA;) as also ↓ استغرّهُ: (T, K, TA:) or he sought to avail himself of his negligence, inadvertence, heedlessness, or unpreparedness; as also اغترّبِهِ. (TA.) 10 استغرّ i. q. اغترّ [which see in two places: but in what sense, is not said]: (K, TA:) said of a man. (TA.) A2: استغرّهُ: see اِغْتَرَّهُ.

R. Q. 1 غَرْغَرَ, (IKtt,) inf. n. غَرْغَرَةٌ, (K,) He gargled with water; (IKtt, K;) and in like manner with medicine; (IKtt;) made it to reciprocate in his throat, (IKtt, K,) not ejecting it, nor suffering it to descend easily down his throat; (IKtt;) as also ↓ تَغَرْغَرَ. (K.) b2: غَرْغَرَتِ القِدْرُ The cooking-pot made a sound in boiling. (TA.) And غرغر اللَّحْمُ The flesh-meat made a sound in broiling. (K.) [See an ex. in a verse of El-Kumeyt cited voce مَرْضُوفَةٌ.] b3: غرغر He gave up his spirit, [app. with a rattling sound in the throat,] at death; (K;) as also ↓ غَرَّ. (TA.) b4: غرغر بِصُوْتِهِ He (a pastor) reiterated his voice in his throat. (S.) A2: غَرْغَرَهُ He slaughtered him by cutting his throat with a knife. (K, * TA.) b2: He pierced him in his throat with a spear-head (IKtt, K.) A3: And غَرْغَرَةٌ signifies also The breaking of the bone of the nose, and of the head of a flask or bottle. (K.) R. Q. 2 تَغَرْغَرَ: see R. Q. 1. b2: تغرغر صَوْتُهُ فِى حَلْقِهِ His (a pastor's) voice became reiterated in his throat. (S.) b3: تغرغرت عَيْنُهُ بِالدَّمْحِ The water came and went repeatedly in his eye. (TA.) غَرٌّ, (S, O, K, TA,) with fet-h, (S, O, TA, [in the CK erroneously said to be with damm,]) A crease, wrinkle, ply, plait, or fold, (S, O, K, TA,) in skin, (O, * S,) accord. to Lth, from fatness, (TA,) or in a skin, (K,) and in a garment, or piece of cloth; (S, O, K;) syn. كَسْرٌ, (S, O,) or كَسْرٌ مَتَثَنٍّ, (K,) and مَكْسِرٌ: (S, * O:) pl. غُرُورٌ. (S, TA.) [Hence,] غُرُورُ الفَخِذَيْنِ The furrows [or creases or depressed lines] between the muscles of the thighs. (TA.) And غُرُورُ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ The duplicatures [or creases] between the [sinew's called] حِباَل [pl. of حَبْلٌ q. v.] of the fore arms. (TA.) And غَرُّ الظَّهْرِ The duplicature [or crease] of the مَتْن [or flesh and sinew next the backbone]: or, as ISk says, غَرُّ المَتْنِ signifies the line of the متن. (TA.) And غُرُورُ القَدَمِ The creases of the foot. (TA.) And one says, طَوَيْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَلَى غَرِّهِ I folded the garment, or piece of cloth, according to its first, or original, folding. (S, O, TA. [In the TA said to be tropical; but for this I see no reason.]) And hence طَوَيْتُهُ عَلَى غَرِّهِ meaning (assumed tropical:) I left him as he was, without making known his case: a saying proverbially used in relation to one who is made to rely upon his own opinion. (Har p. 233. [In Freytag's Arab Prov., ii. 38, it is not well rendered nor well explained.]) Hence also the saying of 'Áïsheh, respecting her father, mentioned in a trad., فَرَدَّ نَشَرَ الإِسْلَامِ عَلَى غَرِّهِ i. e. (assumed tropical:) And he reduced what was disordered of El-Islám to its [primitive] state [of order]: (O:) meaning that he considered the results of the apostacy [that had commenced], and counteracted the disease thereof with its [proper] remedy. (TA.) b2: Also A fissure, or cleft, in the earth or ground. (K.) b3: And A rivulet: (IAar, TA:) or a narrow steam of water in land: (K, TA:) so called because it cleaves the earth: pl. غُرُورٌ. (TA.) b4: غُرُورٌ signifies also The streaks, or lines, of a road. (TA.) b5: and الغَرَّانِ signifies Two lines by the two sides of the lower part of the عَيْر [or ridge in the middle of the iron head, or blade, of an arrow &c.]. (AHn, TA.) b6: See also غِرَارٌ, last sentence. b7: Also, the sing., The extremity of a tooth: pl. as above. (O.) A2: And The food wherewith a bird feeds its young one with its bill: (K, TA:) pl. as above. (TA.) b2: Its pl. is used in a verse of 'Owf Ibn-Dhirweh in relation to the journeying of camels, in the phrase اِحْتَسَى غُرُورَ عِيدِيَّاتِهَا, meaning (assumed tropical:) He jaded their عِيديَّات [an appellation given to certain excellent she-camels]; as though he supped their غُرُور. (TA.) غِرٌّ Inexperienced in affairs; (S, K;) ignorant of affairs; negligent, or heedless, of them; (Msb;) applied to a man, (S, Msb,) or to a youth, or young man; (K;) as also ↓ غَارٌّ (Msb) and ↓ غَرِيرٌ; (S, K;) and applied to a young woman; as also غِرَّةٌ and ↓ غَرِيرَةٌ (S, K:) or these three epithets, applied to a girl, signify young, inexperienced in affairs, and not knowing what woman know of love: (A'Obeyd:) the pl. of غِرٌّ is أَغْرَارٌ (S) and غِرَارٌ; (TA;) and of ↓ غَرِيرٌ, أَغْرَّآءُ (S, K) and أَغِرَّةٌ [which is a pl. of pane.] (K.) [And غِرَّةٌ is also used as a pl.] Paradise says, يَدْ خُلْنِى غِرَّةُ النَّاسِ The simple, of mankind, who prefer obscurity. and discard the affairs of the present world, and provide themselves for the world to come, enter me. (TA, from a trad.) b2: Also Youthful, or childish, in conduct: applied to a man, and to a girl, or young woman. (IAar, T.) b3: And One who submits to be deceived. (K.) غُرَّةٌ Whiteness: clearness of colour or complexion. (L, TA.) So in the phrase غُرَّةً ↓ أَغَرُّ [app. meaning More, or most. fair-complexioned]; occurring in a trad. applied to virgins: or the phrase is ↓ غِرَّةً ↓ أَغَرُّ, meaning more, or most, remote from the knowledge of evil. (L.) b2: [A star, or blaze, or white mark, on the forehead or face of a horse;] a whiteness on the forehead of a horse, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) above the size of a دِرْهَم; (S, Msb;) or of the size of a درهم; (Mgh;) as also ↓ غُرْغُرَةٌ: (S, K:) or it is a general term [for a star or blaze], including different kinds, as the قُرْحَة and the شِمْرَاخ and the like: or, if round, it is termed وَتِيرَةٌ; and if long, شَادِخَةٌ: or as, ISd thinks, the space itself, of the face, that is occupied by whiteness; not the whiteness: pl. غُرَرٌ. (TA.) [See also أَغَرُّ.] b3: In a dog, A white speck, or a small white spot, above each of the eyes: so in a trad., in which it is said that the black dog having two such marks is to be killed. (TA.) A2: Also (tropical:) The first, or commencement, of the month; (Msb;) the night, of the month, in which the new moon is first seen: (K:) so called as being likened to the غُرَّة on the forehead of a horse: (AHeyth:) pl. غُرَرٌ: (AHeyth, Msb:) which is also applied to the first three nights of the month. (A'Obeyd, S, Msb.) One says كَتَبْتُ غُرَّةَ الشَّهْرِ كَذَا I wrote on the first of the month thus. (TA.) b2: [And hence,] (assumed tropical:) The first, or commencement, of El-Islám; (TA;) and of anything. (S.) b3: The whiteness of the teeth; and the [first that appears] of them. (K.) b4: (assumed tropical:) The head app. when first appearing] of a plant. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) [The sight, or spectacle, or] whatever appears to one, of light, or daybreak: you say thereof, بَدَتْ غُرَّتُهُ [The sight, or spectacle, thereof appeared]. (K.) b6: (assumed tropical:) The aspect of the new moon: (K:) because of its whiteness: (TA:) or the phasis of the moon in the first night of the month]. (TA in art. هل.) b7: (assumed tropical:) The face of a man: (K:) or his aspect; syn. طَلْعَة. (TA.) b8: (assumed tropical:) [And The forehead of a man. So used, as opposed to قَفًا, in the Life of Teemoor, 170, ed. Mang., cited by Freytag; and so used in the present day; but whether in classical times I know not.] b9: تَطْوِيلُ الغُرَّةِ. in performing the ablution termed وَضُوْء, means (assumed tropical:) The washing of the fore part of the head with the face, and the washing of the side of the neck: or, as some say the washing of somewhat of the fore arm and of the shank with the hand and the foot. (Msb) b10: And غُرَّهٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A noble, or an (??) man, (K,) or a chief, or lord, (S,) of a people (S, K:) pl. غُرَرٌ. (S.) b11: And (tropical:) The best. (K.) and chiefest, (TA,) of goods. or household furniture: (K:) pl. as above: (TA:) the best of anything: (S:) the best, (Mgh,) or most precious and excellent, (Aboo-Sa'eed,) of property ; as, for instance, a horse, and an excellent camel, (Aboo-Sa'eed, Mgh.) and camels, (TA.) and a male slave. (Aboo-Sa'eed. S. Mgh, Msb, K.) and a female slave, (S, Msb, K,) or a clever female slave: (Aboo-Sa'eed, Mgh:) its application to a slave, male or female, [among articles of property,] is most common. (TA.) It has this last signification (a male or female slave) in a trad. in which it relates to the compensation for the destroying of a child in the womb: (TA:) as though this term were applied, by a synecdoche, to the whole person; (S;) the word properly signifying the “ face; ” in like manner as the terms رَقَبَةٌ and رَأْسٌ are employed: (Mgh:) Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-Alà is related to have said that it there means a white male slave or a white female slave: but this is not a condition accord. to the doctors of practical law; for they hold the term to mean a male or female slave whose price amounts to the tenth part of the whole price of blood: (IAth:) or to the twentieth part thereof: (K, T:) or it means a slave of the best sort. (Mgh.) The Rájiz says, كُلُّ قَتِيلٍ فِى كُلَيْبٍ غُرَّهْ حَتَّى يَنَالَ القَتْلُ آلَ مُرَّهْ Every one slain in retaliation for Kuleyb is as a slave, until the slaying reach the family of Mur-rah. (TA.) b12: Also (assumed tropical:) Goodness, and righteous conduct: so in the saying, إِيَّاكُمْ وَالمُشاَرَّةَ فَإِنَّهَا تَدْفِنُ الغُرَّةَ وَتُظْهِرُ العُرَّةَ [Avoid ye contention, or disputation, for it hides goodness, &c., and manifests what is disgraceful]. (TA.) A3: [It is also an inf. n.: see 1, latter part.]

غِرَّةٌ Negligence; inattention; inadvertence, or inadvertency; inconsiderateness; heedlessness; or unpreparedness: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) [pl. غِرَّاتٌ and غِرَرٌ: see an ex. of the former in a verse cited voce شَفَعَ, and exs. of both in a verse cited voce دَرَى.] It is said in a prov., الغِرَّةُ تَجْلِبُ الدِّرَّةَ Inadvertence brings the means of subsistence: (TA:) or paucity of milk causes to come abundance thereof: applied to him who gives little and from whom much is hoped for afterwards. (Meyd. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 179: and see also غِراَرٌ.]) [Hence,] عَلَى غِرَّةٍ [On an occasion of negligence, &c.; unexpectedly]. (K in art. عرض; &c.) [And عَنْ غِرَّةٍ In consequence of inadvertence: see an ex. in a verse cited voce زَلَقٌ.] Also Inexperience in affairs. (S.) غِرَّةٌ and غَرَارَةٌ signify the same. (A'Obeyd.) [The latter is an inf. n.: see 1.] See also غُرَّةٌ, second sentence. b2: غِرَّةٌ بِاللّٰهِ means Boldness against God. (Mgh.) A2: [See also غِرٌّ.]

غُرَّى: see أَغَرُّ, near the end.

غَرَرٌ Peril; danger; jeopardy; hazard; or risk. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الغَرَرِ He (Mohammad) forbade the sale of hazard, or risk; (S, Mgh, Msb;) of which it is unknown whether the thing will be or not; (Mgh;) such as the sale of fish in the water, and of birds in the air: (S, Mgh:) or, accord. to 'Alee, in which one is not secure from being deceived: (Mgh:) or of which the outward semblance deceives the buyer, and the intrinsic reality is unknown: (TA:) or that is without any written statement (عُهْدَة), and without confidence. (As, Mgh.) b2: حَبْلٌ غَرَرٌ means غَيْرُ مَوْثُوقٍ بِهِ [i. e., app., A bond, or compact, in which trust, or confidence, is not placed]. (TA.) A2: See also غَرِيرٌ.

غِرَارٌ Paucity of milk of a camel: (K:) or deficiency thereof. (S.) [See 3.] It is said in a prov., respecting the hastening a thing before its time, سَبَقَ دِرَّتُهُ غِرَارَهُ [lit., His abundant flow of milk preceded his paucity thereof]: (As:) or سَبَقَ دِرَّتَهُ غِرَارُهُ [lit., his paucity of milk preceded his abundance thereof; agreeably with an explanation of Z, who says that it is applied to him who does evil before he does good: see Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 613: and see also غِرَّةٌ]. (So in my copies of the S.) b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) Paucity of sleep. (As, A'Obeyd, S.) b3: [Hence also,] in prayer, (tropical:) A deficiency in, (K,) or an imperfect performance of, (S,) the bowing of the body, and the prostration, (S, K,) and the purification. (K.) And in salutation, The saying (in reply to السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ) وَعَلَيْكُمْ, not وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامُ: (T, TA:) or the saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ (K) or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ (M) [without ال prefixed to سلام: as though it were a deficient form; but it is the form specially sanctioned by the Kur-án]: or the replying by saying عَلَيْكَ, not عَليْكُمْ. (K.) This is said in explanation of a trad., لاَ غِرَارَ فِى صَلَاةٍ وَلَا تَسْلِيمٍ [There shall be no deficiency in prayer, nor in salutation]: but accord. to one relation, it is لا غرار فى صلاة ولا تَسْلِيمَ, meaning, that the person praying shall not salute nor be saluted: in the former case, تسليم is an adjunct to صلاة: in the latter, it is an adjunct to غرار, so that the meaning is, There shall be no deficiency nor salutation in prayer. (TA.) b4: Also (tropical:) Little sleep (S, K) &c. (K.) El-Farezdak uses the expression نَوْمُهُنَّ غِراَرٌ Their sleep is little. (TA.) b5: And particularly (assumed tropical:) Littleness of consideration; denoting haste. (TA.) You say, أَتَانَا عَلَى غِراَرٍ (assumed tropical:) He came to us in haste. (S.) And لَقِيتُهُ غِرَارًا (assumed tropical:) I met him in haste. (TA.) b6: And مَا أَقَمْتُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا غِرَارًا (assumed tropical:) [I remained not at his abode save] a little while. (TA.) And لَبِثَ غِرَارَ شَهْرٍ He (a man, S) tarried the space of a month. (S, O, TA.) And لَيْتَ اليَوْمَ غِرَارُ شَهْرِ i. e. [Would that the day were] of the length of a month. (So in some copies of the S, and in the O: in other copies of the S, لَبِثَ القَوْمُ غِرَارَ شَهْرٍ [like the phrase immediately preceding].) b7: And, accord. to As, غِرَارٌ signifies A way, course, mode, or manner. (S, O, TA.) One says, رَمَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ عَلَى غِرَارٍ وَاحِدٍ [I shot three arrows] in one course. (S, O, TA.) And وَلَدَتْ فُلَانَةُ ثَلَاثَةَ بَنِينَ عَلَى غِرَارٍ, (S,) or عَلَى غِرَارٍ وَاحِدٍ, (TA,) i. e. [Such a woman brought forth three sons,] one after another, (S, TA,) without any girl among them. (TA.) And بَنَى القَوْمُ بُيُوتَهُمْ عَلَى

غِرَارٍ وَاحِدٍ [app. The people, or party, reared their tents, or, perhaps, their houses, in one line, or according to one manner]. (S, O.) b8: Also The model, or pattern, according to which iron heads (S, K) of arrows (S) are fashioned, (S, K,) in order to their being made right. (K.) One says, ضَرَبَ نِصَالَهُ عَلَى غِرَارٍ وَاحِدٍ (S, TA) i. e. [He fashioned his arrow-heads according to] one model, or pattern. (TA.) b9: And The حَدّ [app. meaning point, or perhaps the edge of the iron head or of the blade,] of a spear and of an arrow and of a sword: [see also ذُبَابٌ:] and ↓ غَرٌّ also signifies the حَدّ of a sword: (K, TA:) or الغِرَارَانِ signifies the two sides of the [arrow-head called] مِعْبَلَة: (AHn, TA:) or the two edges of the sword: [see, again, ذُبَابٌ:] and غِرَارٌ, the حَدّ of anything that has a حَدّ: (S, O:) and the pl. is أَغِرَّةٌ. (S.) غَرُورٌ Very deceitful; applied in this sense as an epithet to the present world; (Msb;) or what deceives one; (K;) such as a man, and a devil, or other thing; (As, TA;) or such as property or wealth, and rank or station, and desire, and a devil: (B, TA:) and ↓ غُرُورٌ signifies a thing by which one is deceived, of worldly goods or advantages: (S:) or the former signifies the devil, specially; (Yaakoob, S, K;) because he deceives men by false promises and by inspiring hopes; or because he urges a man to do those things which are causes of his being loved but which are followed by that which grieves him: (TA:) and this last sense it has, accord. to ISk, in the Kur xxxi. 33 and xxxv. 5: (S:) also the present world; (K;) as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: and this sense is assigned to it by some as used in the passages of the Kur-án to which reference has just been made. (TA.) [It is masc. and fem., agreeably with analogy.]

A2: Also A medicine with which one gargles: (S, K:) a word similar to لَدُودٌ and لَعُوقٌ and سَعُوطٌ (S) and سَفُوفٌ. (TA.) غُرُورٌ False, or vain, things; vanities: (Zj, K:) as though pl. of غَرٌّ, inf. n. of غَرَّهُ: (Zj:) or pl. of ↓ غَارٌّ; (Zj, K;) like as شُهُودٌ is pl. of شَاهِدٌ, and قُعُودٌ of قَاعِدٌ: (Zj:) or what is false, or vain; a deception; a thing by which one is deceived. (Az.) See also غَرُورٌ.

غَرِيرٌ Deceived; beguiled; made to desire what is vain, or false; (A'Obeyd, K;) and so ↓ مَغْرُورٌ. (K.) And you say likewise, مِنْكَ ↓ أَنَا غَرَرٌ, in the sense of مَغْرُورٌ [I am deceived by thee]. (TA.) And ↓ مَغْرُورٌ signifies also A man who marries to a woman in the belief that she is free, and finds her to be a slave. (TA.) b2: See also غِرٌّ, in three places. b3: It is said in a prov., أَنَا غَرِيرُكَ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ, meaning I am one possessing knowledge in this affair so that when thou askest me of it I will inform thee respecting it without being prepared for it and without consideration: so says Az: and Z says the like; i. e. I [am one who] will answer thee if thou ask me unexpectedly respecting this affair by reason of the soundness of my knowledge of the true state of the case: or [it means I am a deceived informant of thee respecting this affair; for] as As says, the meaning is, thou art not deceived by me, but I am the person deceived; the case being this, that false information came to me, and I acquainted thee with it, and it was not as I told thee; I having only related what I had heard. (TA.) And one says, أَنَا غَرِيرُكَ مِنْهُ i. e. I caution thee [or I am thy cautioner] against him; (K, TA:) [i. e.,] مِنْ فُلَانٍ [against such a one]; (S, O;) meaning, as Aboo-Nasr says in the “ Kitáb el-Ajnás,” [that] there shall not happen to thee, from him, that whereby thou shalt be deceived; (S, O, TA;) as though he said, I am thy surety, or sponsor, for that. (AM, TA.) b4: [Hence, app., it is said that] غَرِيرٌ signifies also A surety, sponsor, or guarantee. (K, TA.) b5: And عَيْشٌ غَرِيرٌ (tropical:) A life in which one is not made to be in fear: (S, K, TA:) like عَيْشٌ أَبْلَهُ: (TA:) pl. غُرَّانٌ. (K.) b6: Hence, perhaps; or from الغِرَّةُ [app. as meaning “ inexperience ”], which is sometimes approved; (Har p. 607;) or because it [sometimes] deceives; (TA;) غَرِيرٌ also signifies (tropical:) Good disposition or nature. (S, O, K, TA.) One says of a man when he has become old, and evil in disposition, أَدْبَرَ غَرِيرُهُ وَأَقْبَلَ هَرِيرُهُ (tropical:) His good disposition has regressed, or departed, and his evil disposition has advanced, or come: (S, Meyd, O, TA:) or what deceived and pleased has gone from him, and what is disliked on his part, of evilness of disposition &c., has come. (Meyd.) غِرَارَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) not غَرَارَةٌ, (K,) for the latter is vulgar, (TA,) A sack, syn. جُوَالِقٌ, (K,) for straw &c., (S,) resembling what is called عِدْلٌ: (Msb:) [J says,] I think it is an arabicized word: (S:) pl. غَراَئِرُ. (S, Msb.) غَارٌّ Deceiving; beguiling; causing to desire what is vain, or false; a deceiver. (TA.) b2: See also غُرُورٌ.

A2: And Negligent; inattentive; inadvertent; inconsiderate; heedless; unprepared. (S, K.) See also غِرٌّ.

غَرْغَرَةٌ A sound with which is a roughness, (K,) like that which is made by one gargling with water. (TA.) b2: The sound of a cooking-pot when it boils. (K.) b3: The reciprocation of the spirit in the throat. (S.) b4: A word imitative of the cry of the pastor (K, TA.) and the like. (TA.) [See also R. Q. 1.]

غُرْغُرَةٌ: see غُرَّةٌ: b2: and see أَغَرُّ.

أَغَرُّ More, or most, negligent, inattentive, inadvertent, inconsiderate, heedless, or unprepared. (Mgh.) See also غُرَّةٌ, second sentence.

A2: and White; (S, K;) applied to anything: (K:) pl. غُرٌّ (TA) and غُرَّانٌ (S) [and perhaps غُرَرٌ, as in an ex. voce ذِرْوَةٌ: but see what is said of this pl. in a later part of this paragraph]. You say رَجُلٌ أَغَرُّ الوَجْهِ A man white of countenance. (TA.) And قَوْمٌ غُرَّانٌ, (S,) and غُرٌّ, (TA,) White people. (S.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ غَرَّآءُ A woman [white of countenance: or] beautiful in the front teeth. (TA voce فَرَّآءُ.) See, again, غُرَّةٌ, second sentence. And الأَيَّامُ الغُرُّ The days of which the nights are white by reason of the moon; which are the 13th and 14th and 15th; also called البِيضُ. (TA.) And يَوْمٌ أَغَرُّ مُحَجَّلٌ: see art. حجل. And اللَّيْلَةُ الغَرَّآءُ (assumed tropical:) The night of [i. e. preceding the day called] Friday. (O.) b2: Also A horse having a غُرَّة [i. e. a star, or blaze, or white mark, on the forehead or face]: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or having a غُرَّة larger than a دِرْهَم, in the middle of his forehead, not reaching to either of the eyes, nor inclining upon either of the cheeks, nor extending downwards; it is more spreading than the قُرْحَة, which is of the size of a درهم, or less: or having a غُرَّة of any kind, such as the قُرْحَة or the شِمْرَاخ or the like: (L, TA:) and in like manner a camel having a غُرَّة: (IAar:) fem. غَرَّآءُ. (Msb, K.) [See an ex. in a prov. cited voce بَهِيمٌ: and another (from a trad.) voce مُحَجَّلٌ.] b3: [Hence]

الغَرَّآءُ (assumed tropical:) A certain bird, (K, TA,) black, (TA,) white-headed: applied to the male and the female: pl. غُرٌّ; (K, TA;) which is also expl. in the K as signifying certain aquatic birds. (TA.) b4: and أَغَرُّ, (K, TA,) applied to a man, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) One whose beard occupies the whole of his face, except a little: (K, TA:) as though it [his face] were a [horse's] غُرَّة. (TA.) b5: And (tropical:) Generous; open, or fair, or illustrious, in his actions; (K;) applied to a man: (TA:) eminent; noble; as also ↓ غُرْغُرَةٌ: (S, K:) or fair-faced: or a lord, or chief, among his people: (Msb:) pl. غُرٌّ, (T, M,) accord. to the K غُرَرٌ, but the former is more correct, (TA,) and غُرَّانٌ. (T, M, K.) And ↓ غُرَّى signifies (assumed tropical:) A woman of rank, eminence, or nobility, among her tribe. (Sgh, K, TA.) b6: يَوْمٌ أَغَرُّ means (tropical:) An intensely hot day: (K, TA: afterwards expl. in the K as meaning [simply] a hot day: TA.) and in like manner one says هَاجِرَةٌ غَرَّآءُ, and ظَهِيرَةٌ غَرَّآءُ, (K, TA, expl. by As as meaning, white by reason of the intense heat of the sun, TA,) and وَدِيقَةٌ غَرَّآءُ. (K, TA.) b7: And سَنَةٌ غَرَّآءُ (assumed tropical:) A year in which is no rain. (L in art. شهب.) مَغْرُورٌ: see غَرِيرٌ, in two places.

مُغَارٌّ (S, K) and مُغَارَّةٌ (TA) A she-camel having little milk: (S, K:) or having lost her milk by reason of some accident or disease; as some say, on disliking her young one, and rejecting the milker: (TA:) or taking fright, and drawing up her milk, (ISk, S,) after yielding it freely: (TA:) pl. مَغَارُّ, (S, K,) imperfectly decl. [being originally مَغَارِرُ]. (S.) b2: Hence, (TA,) (tropical:) A niggardly, or tenacious, hand: (K:) but accord. to the A and the TS, you say رَجُلٌ مُغَارُّ الكَفِّ, meaning a niggardly, or tenacious, man. (TA.)

قطب

1 قَطَبَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (TA,) He collected a thing, brought it, gathered it, or drew it, together: (K, TA:) this is the primary signification. (O.) b2: [Hence] one says, قَطَبَ الحِمَارُ عَانَتَهُ i. e. (tropical:) [The wild ass] collected [his herd of wild she-asses]. (A: there distinguished as tropical.) b3: And قَطَبَ القَوْمُ, [أَنْفُسَهُمْ being app. understood,] and ↓ اقطب, (assumed tropical:) The people, or party, assembled themselves together, or congregated, (O, K, TA,) and were guests, and mixed together. (TA.) b4: And قَطَبَ, (A, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. قَطْبٌ and قُطُوبٌ; (K, TA;) and ↓ قطّب, (K,) inf. n. تَقْطِيبٌ; (TA;) He contracted the part between his eyes; (A, K;) and grinned, or displayed his teeth, frowning, or contracting his face, and looking sternly, austerely, or morosely; (K, TA;) by reason of drink, &c.: (TA:) or قَطَبَ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ, (S, O, Msb,) aor. ـِ inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (Msb,) he contracted the part between his eyes: (S, O, Msb:) and وَجْهَهُ ↓ قطّب, inf. n. تَقْطِيبٌ, he contracted his face; (S, O;) or did so much. (So accord. to a copy of the S.) b5: And قَطَبَ الشَّرَابَ, (S, A, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (Msb,) He mixed the wine, or beverage; (S, A, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اقطبهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ قطّبهُ, (O, K, TA,) inf. n. تَقْطِيبٌ. (TA.) b6: And قَطَبَ الإِنَآءَ He filled the vessel. (K.) b7: قَطَبَ الجُوَالِقَ, (K, TA,) inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (S, O,) He inserted one of the two loops of the [sack called]

جوالق into the other, (S, O, K, TA,) on the occasion of making up a load, (TA,) then bent it (S, O, K *) again, (S, O,) [this time, app., back and down,] and put them together [in order, it seems, to insert a stick, so that the middle of one loop should be above the stick and the middle of the other should be beneath it]: (K, TA:) when he does not bend the loop, [app. meaning through the other and then a second time as described above,] the action is termed سَلْقٌ. (S, O, [See سَلَقَ الجُوَالِقَ, in art. سلق.]) A2: قَطَبَهُ signifies also He angered him; (O, K;) aor. as above [and so, app., the inf. n.]. (O.) A3: And also, (K, TA,) aor. ـِ (TA,) inf. n. قَطْبٌ, (S, O,) He cut it, or cut it off: (S, O, K:) but in this instance the ط is substituted for ض. (O.) 2 قَطَّبَ see above, in three places.4 أَقْطَبَ see the first paragraph, in two places.

قَطْبٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

قُطْبٌ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ قَطْبٌ and ↓ قِطْبٌ (S, A, O, K, but some reject the second and third of these, TA) and ↓ قُطُبٌ (A, K) and ↓ قُطْبَةٌ, (so in some copies of the K,) or ↓ قَطْبَةٌ, (so in other copies of the K, and thus accord. to the TA, as on the authority of Th,) The axis, or pivot, (T, A, Msb, K,) of iron, (A, K,) of a mill; (T, S, A, O, Msb, K;) the iron thing that is fixed in the middle of the nether stone of a mill; (IAth, TA;) the iron in the nether stone, around which revolves the upper stone, of a mill: (Ham p. 54:) pl. أَقْطَابٌ (A, IAth, O, TA) and قُطُوبٌ (IAth, TA) and قِطَبَةٌ. (O.) b2: Hence, (TA,) القُطْبُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and accord. to some ↓ القَطْبُ and ↓ القِطْبُ, (MF,) (tropical:) [The pole-star: or the pole of the celestial sphere:] a certain star, (K,) a small star, (ISd, TA,) according to which the kibleh is constructed: (ISd, K, TA:) a star between the جَدْى and the فَرْقَدَانِ, around which the celestial sphere, or firmament, revolves, (S, O, TA,) small and white, and never moving from its place: [but it seems that nebula should be here substituted for star:] Aboo-'Adnán says that the قظب is a small star always in the midst of the four [stars] of بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ, [which is evidently a mistake,] never quitting its place, around which revolve the جدى and the فرقدان: but accord. to Ibn-Es-Saláh El-Mohaddith, it is not a star, but a بُقْعَة [meaning a spot, or a nebula,] in the sky, near the جدى, which latter is the [pole-] star whereby the kibleh is known in the northern countries. (TA.) b3: And [hence likewise,] القُطْبُ signifies also (tropical:) The cause, or means, of the subsistence of a thing: and (tropical:) the thing, or point, [or person,] upon which [or upon whom] a thing [such as an affair, and a question,] turns: pl. [as above, i. e.] أَقْطَابٌ and قُطُوبٌ and قِطَبَةٌ. (K, TA.) b4: And (tropical:) The chief, or lord, of a people or tribe; (S, A, O, K;) قُطْبُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ meaning (tropical:) the chief, or lord, of the sons of such a one, upon whom their state of affairs turns [i. e. depends, and by whose government their affairs are regulated]. (S, O, TA.) And قُطْبُ رَحَى الحَرْبِ [lit. The axis, or pivot, of the mill of war, or of the mill of the war,] means (tropical:) the commander of the army. (S, O, TA.) b5: [In the conventional language of the mystics, it is applied to (assumed tropical:) The hierarch of the saints of his generation, who is also called الغَوْثُ, and is supposed to be pre-eminently endued with sanctity, and with thaumaturgic faculties, and to be known as the قُطْب to none but his agents unless he make himself known: at his death, his place is believed to be filled by another.]

A2: [قُطْبٌ also signifies A species of plant:] accord. to AHn, the قُطْب [is a species of plant that] extends upon the ground like ropes, and has a yellow, thorny, or prickly, blossom; when fit to be reaped, and dry, it hurts men to tread upon it; and is round like a pebble: n. un. ↓ قُطْبَةٌ: (O:) [it is said in the K that ↓ القُطْبَةُ is said to signify a certain plant: and the pl. is قُطْبٌ or قُطَبٌ: (thus accord. to different copies: in my MS. copy, the former; and in the CK, the latter, and there said to be like صُرَدٌ: if the former be right, it is a coll. gen. n.:)] or قُطْبٌ and ↓ قُطْبَةٌ signify two species of plants: and the latter is said to be a certain herb, having a fruit, or produce, and berries (حَبّ) like those of the هَرَاس [a tree that bears a kind of drupe]: Lh says that it [app. the قُطْب, the pronoun being masc.,] is a species of thorn, from which diverge three thorns, resembling a حَسَك [here meaning caltrop: the leaves of its stem resemble those of the [species of trefoil called] نَفَل and ذُرق, and قطب is the name of the fruit: and أَرْضٌ قطبة [i. e., accord. to general analogy, ↓ قَطِبَةٌ, like قَصِبَةٌ &c.,] signifies Land in which this kind of plant grows. (TA.) A3: See also قُطْبَةٌ.

قِطْبٌ: see قُطْبٌ, first and second sentences.

قَطَبٌ, [app. an inf. n. of which the verb is not mentioned, (in the CK قَطْب, but, as is said in the TA, it is مُحَرَّكَة,)] which is forbidden, is One's taking a thing [by measure or weight], and then taking the rest of the commodity by comparing it with the former portion, without measure or weight. (Kr, K, * TA.) قَطِبٌ: see قَطُوبٌ: A2: and أَرْضٌ قَطِبَةٌ: see قُطْبٌ, last sentence but one.

قُطُبٌ: see قُطْبٌ, first sentence.

قَطْبَةٌ: see قُطْبٌ, first sentence.

قُطْبَةٌ: see قُطْبٌ, first sentence: A2: and again, in the last quarter of the paragraph, in three places.

A3: Also An arrow-head (S, O, K) of small size (O) with which one shoots at a butt: (S, O, K:) accord. to ISd, a small, short, foursided head at the end of an arrow with which one shoots, to the utmost possible distance, at the butts: accord. to Th, the end of an arrow with which one shoots at the butt: accord. to AHn, it is of what are called المَرَامِى [pl. of مِرْمَاةٌ, q. v.]: (TA:) or an arrow with which one contends for superiority in shooting: (A:) [but] accord. to En-Nadr, it is not accounted an arrow: and ↓ قُطْبٌ signifies an arrow-head; occurring in a trad. in this sense. (TA.) قُطْبَانٌ A certain plant. (K.) قِطِبَّى A certain plant, of which is made rope of twisted strands, or well-twisted rope, (K, TA,) resembling that of the cocoa-nut, the price of which mounts to a hundred deenárs of ready money, (TA,) and which is better than that made of the fibres of the cocoa-nut. (K, TA.) قِطَابٌ An admixture (Lth, S, * O, K, TA) in what is drunk and what is not drunk. (Lth, TA.) b2: And قِطَابُ الجَيْبِ, (S, A, O, K, *) from القَطْبُ meaning “ the act of cutting,” (S, TA,) or from the same as meaning “ the act of bringing, or drawing, together ” two things, (TA,) The opening that is cut out at the neck and bosom of a shirt or the like, for the head to enter into it: (O:) or (tropical:) the part where the two sides of that opening unite: (A, * K, * TA:) or, as AAF says, the lower, or lowest, part of that opening. (TA.) قَطُوبٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ قَاطِبٌ (K) [and ↓ قَطِبٌ (occurring in the A in art. دعب, as opposed to دَعِبٌ and لَعِبٌ, to which it seems to be therefore assimilated in form,)] Who contracts the part between his eyes; (S, O, K;) and grins, or displays his teeth, frowning, or contracting his face, and looking sternly, austerely, or morosely; (K;) [or rather the first signifies one who does so much;] applied to a man. (S.) b2: Hence, (TA,) القَطُوبُ and ↓ القَاطِبُ signify The lion. (O, K, TA.) قَطِيبٌ Mixed wine or beverage [&c.]; as also ↓ مَقْطُوبٌ. (K.) قُطَابَةٌ A piece of flesh: (Kr, K:) from قَطَبَ signifying “ he cut ” a thing. (TA.) قَطِيبَةٌ Anything mixed. (TA.) And [particularly] (TA) Camels' milk and sheeps' or goats' milk mixed together: (IAar, S, O, K:) or goats' milk and sheeps' milk mixed together; (K;) which is also called نَخِيسَةٌ: (TA:) or fresh milk, or milk such as is termed حَقِين [q. v.], mixed with إِهَالَة [or melted fat, &c.]: and i. q. رَثِيئَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: See also قَاطِبَة.

قَاطِبٌ: see قَطُوبٌ, in two places.

جَاؤُوا قَاطِبَةً (tropical:) They came all together: (S, A, * O, Msb, K:) قاطبة being a noun denoting generality, (Sb, S, O,) not used but as a word descriptive of state, in the accus. case: (Sb, S, O, K:) its use otherwise is a vulgar corruption, though allowed by El-Khafájee: (MF:) or it may be regarded in a phrase such as that above as being in the accus. case as an inf. n.: (IAth, TA:) it is expl. in the T as meaning all together; mixed, one with another. (TA.) And ↓ جَاؤُوا بِقَطِيبَتِهِم means (assumed tropical:) They came with their [whole] company. (K.) المُقَطَّبُ and المُقَطِّبُ and المَقْطِبُ The part between the eyebrows. (TA.) مَقْطُوٰٰبٌ: see قَطِيبٌ. b2: قِرْبَةٌ مَقْطُوبَةٌ A water-skin filled. (Lh, O, TA.) وَجْهٌ مُتَقَطِّبٌ [A contracted face]. (K in art. بسر.)

ذهب: ذهب: مصدره ذَهَبٌ، ففي معجم المنصوري إمعان الإبعاد في الذَهَب، هذا إذا كانت كتابة الكلمة صحيحة، غير المخطوطة جيدة صحيحة وهي مضبوطة بالشكل.
اذهب فعل الأمر يستعمل للتحريض والزجر مثل مقابله الفرنسي (معجم الماوردي).
وذَهَب: هلك. فعند ابن القوطية (ص7 و): فدارت بينهم حرب عظيمة ذهب فيها كلثوم وعشرة آلاف من الجيش. وفي النويري (الأندلس ص457): مجاعة ذهب فيها خلق كثير. وفي معجم البيان (ص15): مما يذهب فيه الوَصف بمعنى مما لا يمكن وصفه (تاريخ البربر 2: 45).
ذهب عنه: تركه وأفلت منه. ففي المقري (1: 241): فما للصنيعة مَذْهَب عنه.
وذهب: خرج من المعسكر ليقضي حاجته، ومصدره مَذْهَب (انظر لين)، ونجد عن كوسج (طرائف ص141): وكان جميل إذا أراد الحاجة أبعد في المذهب. وفي تاريخ البربر (1: 607): أبعد المذهب.
وذهب: ذاع وانتشر. ففي الأغاني (ص44) في كلامه عما حصل عليه امرؤ من ذيوع الصيت: قال مَعْبَد غَنَّيْت فأعجبني غنائي وأعجب الناس وذهب لي به صَوْت وذكر. ذهب في: دخل، تغلغل، ففي ابن العوام (1: 194) في كلامه عن نباتات: ما لا يذهب عروقها في الأرض وفي (1: 290) عليك أن تقرأ وفقاً لما جاء في مخطوطتنا: لأنه ليس له أصل ذاهب في الأرض.
ويقال أيضاً: ذاهب في الهواء أو ذاهب في السماء أي مرتفع جداً. وذاهب في العرض أي عريض جداً (معجم الإدريسي) وذاهب في العمق أي عميق جداً (معجم المنصوري انظر غور).
وذاهب وحدها ترادف كلمة كثير، يقال شجرتين ذاهب أي شجرتين كثير (معجم الإدريسي) وكلمة قاطع معناها قوي، يقال نبيذ قاطع وخميرة قاطعة إلى غير ذلك غير أن صاحب محيط المحيط يفسر ((دواء قاطع)) (أي دواء قوي) بقوله: ذهبت قوته.
ذهب عليه: لا يعني نسيه فقط (لين، دي يونج) بل يعني أيضاً: لم ينتبه إليه وانصرف عنه، ففي النووي (ص81) وقد نقله دي يونج: وأيّ علم كان يذهب على الشافعي، يريد أن الشافعي قد درس كل العلوم.
وذهب يليها فعل مضارع: من أفعال الشروع بمعنى أخذ يفعل وبدأ يفعل (معجم الطرائف، تاريخ الأغالبة ص16).
وذهب: صمم، عزم، نوى، قصد. يقال: ذهب أن، ففي كتاب محمد بن الحارث (294): فذهب صاحب المدينة أن يأمر بزجره. كما يقال: ذهب إلى، ففي حيان (ص57 ق): وذهب إلى إدخال المسجد الجامع معه في قصبته. وفيه أيضاً: اجتمع بنو خلدون - لأفكار ما ذهب إليه من ذلك.
ويجب إضافة إلى، إلى العبارة في حيان - بسام (1: 46 ق): فعَرَّفْناه مَن كره مِنْ ورائنا لاجتيازه ذهابهم (إلى) التمرس به (المقدمة 2: 44، ملّر ص8، أماري ديب ص224).
ويقال: ذهب إلى أن أيضاً، ففي حيان (ص57 ق): وذهب أمية بن عبد الغافر إلى أن يأخذ بالحزم في حراسة نفسه ودولته.
وذهب إلى: فكر، رأى، ففي رحلة ابن بطوطة (2: 368): ذهب الأمير إلى راحتي.
وذهب مع: وافق، طاوع، جارى (تاريخ البربر 1: 608، 2: 165).
ذَهَب، وتجمع على ذهبات: ذهبة، قطعة من الذهب (بوشر، همبرت ص 103، ألف ليلة برسل 4: 323 وما يليها، 9: 200، 11، 14) وفي عقود غرناطة: وثلاثة ذهب جشطوش (أي جديد) ذهب قشطلياته وريقي (أي نقود ذهبية تسمى قسطلانه وانريق).
ذهب أَبْيض: بلاتين (بوشر).
ذهب المِسْكِين: خرزات من الخزف الصيني سود منقطة بنقط صفر (ليون ص152).
من ذهب: تستعمل مجازاً بمعنى رابح، يقال: سواق من ذهب أي تجارة رابحة، وكلام من ذهب: كلام حسن (بوشر). ذَهَبِيّ: صفر مصفح لامع (فوك).
وذهبي: اسم نوع من الدود فيما يظهر (ابن العوام 1: 630).
ذَهَبِيَّة: نوع من السفن في النيل يستعملها المسافرون، وليس لها سطح، وفي مؤخرتها بيت كبير ذو غرف حيث يستطيع ستة مسافرين الجلوس والنوم، وشراعها المثلث الزوايا (اللاتيني) مفرط السعة. انظر برتون (1: 29) وفيسكيه (ص59، 60) وبخاصة فان كارنبيك في المجلة الهولندية ((جيدس)) (سنة 1868، مجلد 4 ص128).
ذَهَبِية: طعام يعمل من طبيخ الباذنجان مفتوتاً فيه الخبز كالثريد (محيط المحيط).
ذَهْبان: في ألف ليلة (برسل 9: 359): كانوا دهبانين (كذا) من الجوع. أي كادوا يموتون من الجوع. وفي طبعة ماكن: ضعيفين.
ذَهَاب: إسراف، تبذير (بوشر).
ذَهَّاب به: حَمَّال له (الشهرستاني ص438).
أَذْهَب مع: أكثر انسجاماً. ففي قلائد العقيان (ص118): فلو تركت فعل هذا لكان أَلْيَقَ بك، وأَذْهَبَ مع حسن مذهبك.
أَذْهَب: أولى بالحذف (المفصل طبعة بروش ص87).
تذهيب، وتجمع على تذاهيب: أشياء مذهبة (المقري 1: 91).
مَذْهَب: ملجأ، سفر (معجم بدرون).
ومَذْهَب: غزوة، غزاة، غارة (تاريخ البربر 1: 250، 359، 617).
ومَذْهَب: طيّار، متبخر. ففي ابن البيطار (1: 119): والبادزهر دقيق المذاهب أي شديد التبخر والطيران.
والمذهب: المعتقد الذي يذهب إليه في كل أمر لا في الدين وحده. (المقري 1: 97، 2: 381، تاريخ البربر 1: 280).
ومذهب: غرض، قصد، نيَّة. ففي أبحاث (ص286 الطبعة الأولى): وقد أَعَدَّ المعتضد له النزل والضيافة هنالك ومذهبه القبض عليه وعلى نعمته.
مُذْهِب الكَلَبِ: ألوسن. (ابن البيطار 2: 494) وضبط الكلمة هذا في مخطوطة ب.
المُذَهَّبَات: اسم يطلق على سبع قصائد جاهلية تعد في الطبقة الثانية بعد المعلقات (محيط المحيط).

ذهب

1 ذَهَبَ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـَ (A, K,) inf. n. ذَهَابٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ذِهَابٌ (TA) and ذُهُوبٌ (S, A, K) and مَذْهَبٌ, (A, K,) He (a man, S, [and a beast,]) went [in any manner, or any pace]; went, or passed, along; marched; journeyed; proceeded: went, or passed, away; departed: syn. مَشَى, (A,) or سَارَ, (K,) or مَرّ: (S, A, K:) and said of a mark or trace or the like [as meaning it went away]. (Msb.) [And hence, (assumed tropical:) It wasted away; became consumed, destroyed, exhausted, spent, or expended.] b2: ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ He went, repaired, betook himself, or had recourse, to him, or it. (TA.) And they say also, ذَهَبَ الشَّأْمَ [He went to Syria]; making the verb trans. without a particle; for although الشأم is here a special adv. n., they liken it to a vague locality. (TA.) b3: ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ He, or it, went from, quitted, relinquished, or left, him, or it. (TA.) b4: ذَهَبَ فِىالأَرْضِ, (A, Msb,) inf. n. ذَهَابٌ and ذُهُوبٌ and مَذْهَبٌ, He went away [into the country, or in the land]: (Msb:) [but it often means (assumed tropical:) he went into the open country, or out of doors, to satisfy a want of nature: or simply] (tropical:) he voided his excrement, or ordure. (A.) b5: ذَهَبَ بِهِ He went, or went away, with him, or it: (A:) and he made him, or it, to go, go away, pass away, or depart; (A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اذهبهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and بِهِ ↓ اذهب, (K,) but this is rare; (Zj, TA;) and ↓ ذهّبهُ, inf. n. تَذْهِيبٌ: (MF:) [all may likewise be rendered he removed, dispelled, put away, or banished, it; properly and tropically: and (assumed tropical:) he made it to cease; made away with it, did away with it, made an end of it; wasted, consumed, destroyed, exhausted, spent, or expended, it; and these meanings may perhaps be intended by أَزَالَهُ, whereby the first is explained in the A and K, as are also the second and third in the K:] or, accord. to some, when ذَهَبَ is trans. by means of بِ, accompaniment is necessarily signified; but not otherwise; so that if you say ذَهَبَ بِهِ, the meaning is, he went away with him, or it; i. e., accompanying him, or it; [he took away, or carried off or away, him, or it;] but if you say ↓ اذهبهُ or ↓ ذهّبهُ, the meaning is, he made him, or it, to go, go away, pass away, or depart, alone, without accompanying him, or it: this, however, is not agreeable with the phrase in the Kur [ii. 16], ذَهَبَ اللّٰهُ بِنُورِهِمْ [though this may be well rendered God taketh away their light]. (MF, TA.) [Hence,] one says, أَيْنَ يُذْهَبُ بِكَ, which may mean (assumed tropical:) Where, or whither, wilt thou be taken away, and what will be done with thee and made to come to pass with thee, if this be thine intellect? or, accord. to Mtr, it is a saying of the people of Baghdád, addressed to him whom they charge with foolish judgment or opinion, as meaning أَيْنَ يُذْهَبُ بِعَقْلِكَ (assumed tropical:) [Where, or whither, is thine intellect taken away?]. (Har p. 574.) [In like manner one says, ذَهَبَ عَقْلُهُ (assumed tropical:) His reason, or intellect, quitted him, or forsook him; he became bereft of his reason, or intellect. And ذَهَبَ فُؤَادُهُ (assumed tropical:) His heart forsook him, or failed him, by reason of fear or the like.] and ذَهَبَ لَحْمُهُ (assumed tropical:) [His flesh wasted away]. (K in art. بحر, &c.) And ذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ فِى القَوْمِ (tropical:) The man became lost [or he disappeared] among the people, or party. (A.) And ذَهَبَ المَآءَ فِى اللَّبَنِ (tropical:) The water became lost [or it disappeared] in the milk. (A.) b6: ذَهَبَ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) It escaped his memory; he forgot it. (A, TA.) And (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, dubious, confused, or vague, to him. (MA.) b7: ذَهَبَ مَذْهَبًا حَسَنًا (S, A, TA) (tropical:) He pursued a good way, course, mode, or manner, of acting or conduct or the like. (TA.) And ذَهَبَ فِى الدِّينِ مَذْهَبًا (assumed tropical:) He formed, or held, an opinion, or a persuasion, or a belief, respecting religion: or, accord. to Es-Sarakustee, he introduced an innovation in religion. (Msb.) And ذَهَبَ مَذْهَبَ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) He pursued the way, course, mode, or manner, of acting &c. of such a one. (Msb.) And ذَهَبَ لِذَهْبِهِ and لِمَذْهَبِهِ (tropical:) He pursued his way, course, mode, or manner, of acting &c. (JK, TA.) and ذَهَبَ إِلَى مَذْهَبٍ (tropical:) He betook himself to [or took to or held] a belief, a creed, a persuasion, a doctrine, an opinion, a tenet, or a body of tenets or articles of belief. (K, TA.) And فُلَانٌ يَذْهَبُ

إِلَى قَوْلِ أَبِى حَنِيفَةَ (tropical:) Such a one takes to, or holds, [the saying, or] the belief, creed, persuasion, doctrine, &c., of Aboo-Haneefeh. (A.) [and ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ الأَمْرَ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He held, or was of opinion, that the thing, or affair, or case, was so. And ذَهَبَ بِلَفْظٍ إِلَىلَفْظٍ آخَرَ (assumed tropical:) He regarded a word, or an expression, in his manner of using it, as equivalent to another word, or expression; as, for instance, when one makes a fem. noun masc. because it is syn. with a noun that is masc., or makes a verb trans. by means of a certain perticle because it is syn. with a verb that is trans. by means of that same particle: and also (assumed tropical:) he regarded a word, or an expression, as etymologically relating, or traceable, to another word, or expression. And ذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى مَعْنَى كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He regarded it, or used it, (i. e. a word, or an expression,) as relating to such a meaning, or as meaning such a thing.] b8: ذَهَبَ فِى طَلَبِ الشَّىْءِ كُلَّ مَذْهَبٍ (assumed tropical:) [He tried every way, or did his utmost, in seeking the thing]. (K in art. موت.) And ذَهَبَ فِىاللِّينِ كُلَّ مَذْهَبٍ (assumed tropical:) [It attained the utmost degree of softness]: said of the skin. (TA in that art.) b9: اِذْهَبْ إِلَيْكَ (assumed tropical:) Betake, or apply, thyself to thine own affairs; or occupy thyself therewith. (T and K * voce إِلَى.) b10: ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ فِى الشَّبَهِ i. q. نَزَعَ (assumed tropical:) [He inclined to his father in likeness; resembled him; or had a natural likeness to him]. (S in art. نزع.) A2: ذَهِبَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. ذَهَبٌ; (TA;) and ذِهِبَ, with two kesrehs, (IAar, K,) of the dial. of Temeem, held by AM to be a variation generally allowable in the case of a verb of which the medial radical letter is a faucial and with kesr; (TA;) He (a man) saw gold in the mine, (S,) or came suddenly, in the mine, upon much gold, and his reason departed in consequence thereof, (K,) and his eyes became dazzled, so as not to close, or move, the lids, or became confused, so as not to see, (S, K,) by reason of the greatness thereof in his eye: (S:) it is derived from ذَهَبٌ: and the epithet applied to a man in this case is ↓ ذَهِبٌ. (TA.) 2 ذَهَّبَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places: A2: and see also 4.4 أَذْهَبَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in three places.

A2: Also اذهبهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. إِذْهَابٌ; (S;) and ↓ ذهّبهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَذْهِيبٌ; (S;) He gilded it; did it over with gold. (S, Msb, K.) Q. Q. 2 تَمَذْهَبَ, from مَذْهَبٌ, is used by late writers as meaning (assumed tropical:) He followed, or adopted, a certain religious persuasion or the like.]

ذَهْبٌ: see مَذْهَبٌ: A2: and see also the last sentence of the paragraph here following.

ذَهَبٌ [Gold;] a certain thing well known; (S, Msb, &c.;) accord. to several of the leading lexicologists, (TA,) i. q. تِبْرٌ; (A, L, K, &c.;) but it seems to have a more general meaning; for تِبْرٌ is specially applied to such [gold] as is in the mine, or such as is uncoined and unwrought: (TA:) [it is a coll. gen. n.; and therefore] it is masc. and fem.: (S, * Msb, K, * TA:) or it is fem. in the dial. of El-Hijáz: or, accord. to Az, it is masc., and not to be made fem. unless regarded as pl. of ↓ ذَهَبَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) [or rather as a coll. gen. n., for] ذَهَبَةٌ is the n. un., (K,) signifying a piece of ذَهَب [or gold]: (S, A, L, TA:) or, accord. to El-Kurtubee, it is fem., and sometimes masc., but more commonly fem.: ↓ ذُهَيْبَةٌ is the dim. of ذَهَبٌ, the ة being added because the latter word is fem., like as it is in قُوَيْسَةٌ and شُمَيْسَةٌ; or it is the dim. of ذَهَبَةٌ, and signifies a little piece of ذَهَب [or gold]: (TA:) the pl. of ذَهَبٌ is أَذْهَابٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (S, A, Msb, K) and ذُهُوبٌ (S, K) and ذُهْبَانٌ (Nh, Msb, K) and ذِهْبَانٌ. (Nh, TA.) [مَآءُ الذَّهَبِ means Water-gold; goldpowder mixed with size, for ornamental writing &c.] b2: The yolk, or the entire contents, i. e. yolk and white, (مُحّ, K, TA, with the unpointed ح, TA, [in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K مُخّ,]) of an egg. (K.) A2: Also, (S, K,) in a copy of the T written ↓ ذَهْبٌ, (TA,) A certain measure of capacity, for corn, used by the people of ElYemen, (S, K,) well known: (S:) pl. ذِهَابٌ (K) and أَذْهَابٌ, [the latter a pl. of pauc.,] (S, K,) and pl. pl. [i. e. pl. of the latter of the pls. above]

أَذَاهِبُ, (S, and so in the K accord. to the TA,) mentioned by A' Obeyd, (S,) or أَذَاهِيبُ. (So in the CK.) ذَهِبٌ: see 1, last sentence.

ذِهْبَةٌ A rain: (S:) or a weak rain: or a copious rain: (A'Obeyd, K:) pl. ذِهَابٌ. (A'Obeyd, S, K.) ذَهَبَةٌ: see ذَهَبٌ, first sentence.

ذَهُوبٌ: see ذَاهِبٌ.

ذَهِيبٌ: see مُذْهَبٌ, first sentence.

ذُهَيْبَةٌ: see ذَهَبٌ, first sentence.

ذَاهِبٌ [part. n. of ذَهَبَ;] Going [in any manner, or any pace]; going, or passing, along; marching; journeying; proceeding: going, or passing, away; departing: [&c.:] (A, K:) and ↓ ذَهُوبٌ signifies the same [in an intensive manner]. (K.) b2: [ذَاهِبٌ فِى الطُّولِ means (assumed tropical:) Excessive in length or tallness.]

مَذْهَبٌ is an inf. n.: (JK, A, K:) b2: and also signifies A place of ذَهَاب [or going, &c.]: and a time thereof. (JK.) b3: [Also A place to which one goes: see an ex. voce مَحْضَرٌ. b4: And hence,] (tropical:) A place to which one goes for the purpose of satisfying a want of nature; a privy; (TA;) i. q. مُتَوَضَّأٌ; (JK, A, K, TA;) in the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz. (JK, A, TA.) b5: [Also A way by which one goes or goes away. b6: and hence, as in several exs. in the first paragraph of this art.,] (tropical:) A way, course, mode, or manner, of acting or conduct or the like: (Msb, K, TA:) (tropical:) [a way that one pursues in respect of doctrines and practices in religion &c.; and particularly a way of believing, opining, thinking, or judging;] a belief, a creed, a persuasion, a doctrine, an opinion, a tenet, or a body of tenets or articles of belief; (K, TA;) an opinion in, or respecting, religion; and, accord. to Es-Sarakustee, an innovation in religion: (Msb:) and ↓ ذَهْبٌ signifies the same. (JK, TA.) [The pl. is مَذَاهِبُ.

Hence, ذَوُو مَذَاهِبُ (assumed tropical:) Persuasions, as meaning persons holding particular tenets in religion or the like.] b7: Also (assumed tropical:) Origin: (Ks, Lh, K:) so in the sayings, مَا يُدْرَى لَهُ أَيْنَ مَذْهَبَهُ and لَا يُدْرَى لَهُ مَذْهَبٌ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) It is not known whence is his origin. (Ks, Lh, TA.) مُذْهَبٌ Gilt, or done over with gold; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ مُذَهَّبٌ (A, K) and ↓ ذَهِيبٌ. (T, K.) b2: Also sing. of مَذَاهِبُ, which signifies Skins gilt, (ISk, JK, TA,) i. e. having gilt tines, or stripes, regularly, or uniformly, succeeding one another: (ISk, TA:) or gilt straps or thongs: (S, TA:) and variegated, or figured, [garments of the kind called] بُرُود: (JK, TA:) [or it is applied as an epithet to such garments; for] you say بُرْدٌ مُذْهَبٌ. (TA.) The pl. above mentioned is also applied [as an epithet] to swords [app. meaning Adorned with gilding]. (TA.) b3: Applied to a horse, Of a red colour tinged over with yellow; (TA;) and so كُمَيْتٌ مُذْهَبٌ [i. e. of a gilded bay colour]: (S, TA:) fem. with ة: the mare thus termed is of a clearer colour and thinner skin. (TA.) A2: المُذْهَبُ is also a name of The Kaabeh. (K, TA.) A3: See also the next paragraph, in three places.

مُذْهِبٌ A gilder. (S.) b2: ↓ المُذْهَبُ, explained by Lth as the name of (assumed tropical:) A certain devil, said to be of the offspring of Iblees, who tempts reciters of the Kur-án in the performance of [the ablution termed] الوُضُوْء, (K, * TA,) and on other occasions, (TA,) is [said to be] correctly [المُذْهِبُ,] with kesr to the ه: (K:) applied to the devil, (TA in art. شيط,) as meaning (assumed tropical:) he who embellishes, or renders goodly in appearance, acts of disobedience [to God], as also المُهَذِّبُ, (Fr, TA in art. هذب,) IDrd thinks that it is not [genuine] Arabic. (TA.) And accord. to the S and El-Kurtubee and many others, ↓ بِهِ مُذْهَبٌ means (assumed tropical:) [In him is] a vain suggestion [of the devil] respecting the water, and [respecting] the using much thereof in the وُضُوْء: [i. e. a vain suggestion that may induce him to think that the water is unfit, or deficient in quantity, or the like:] but accord. to the K, it is correctly المُذْهِبُ. (TA.) Az says that the people of Baghdád apply the appellation مُذْهِبٌ to (assumed tropical:) A man who inspires vain suggestions; and that the vulgar among them pronounce it ↓ مُذْهَبٌ. (TA.) مَذْهَبَةٌ [A cause, or means, of doing away with, removing, dispelling, or banishing]. Fasting is said, in a trad., to be مَذْهَبَةٌ لِلْأَشَرِ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) A cause, or means, of dispelling exultation, or excessive exultation, and resting the mind upon things agreeable with natural desire]. (T and S voce مَحْسَمَةٌ, q. v.) مُذَهَّبٌ: see مُذْهَبٌ.

الله
صور القرآن الله المثل الأعلى في جميع صفات الكمال، فهو السميع الخبير، على كل شىء قدير، غفور رحيم، عزيز حكيم، حى قيوم، واسع عليم، بصير بالعباد، يحب المحسنين والصابرين، ولا يحب الظالمين، ويمحق الكافرين، غنى حميد، واحد قهار، نور السموات والأرض، قوى، شديد العقاب، خالق كل شىء، لا إله إلا هو، على كلّ شىء شهيد، عالم الغيب والشهادة، هو الرحمن الرحيم، الملك القدوس السلام المؤمن المهيمن العزيز الجبار المتكبر، الخالق البارئ المصور، له الأسماء الحسنى، يسبح له ما في السموات والأرض وهو العزيز الحكيم، الأول والآخر، والظاهر والباطن، الصمد، لم يلد، ولم يولد، ولم يكن له كفوا أحد، سريع الحساب، غنى عن العالمين، عليم بذات الصدور، بكل شىء محيط، علىّ كبير، عفو غفور، شاكر حليم، ليس بظلام للعبيد، يجزى المتصدقين، ولا يهدى كيد الخائنين، لا يخلف الميعاد، عزيز ذو انتقام، خير الرازقين، لطيف خبير، ذو القوة المتين. أوليس من يتصف بهذه الصفات المثالية جديرا بالعبادة والتقديس، وألا يتخذ له شريك، ولا من دونه إله.
ومن بين ما عنى القرآن به أكبر عناية إبراز صفة الإنعام التى يتصف بها الله سبحانه؛ فيوجه أنظارهم إلى النعمة الكبرى التى أودعها قلوبهم وهى نعمة الهدوء والسكينة يحسون بها، عند ما يعودون إلى بيوتهم، مكدودين منهوكى القوى، وإلى هدايتهم إلى بناء بيوت من جلود الأنعام، يجدونها خفيفة المحمل في الظعن
والإقامة، وإلى اتخاذ أثاثهم وأمتعتهم من أصوافها وأوبارها، وإلى نعمة الظل يجدون عنده الأمن والاستقرار، وإن للشمس وحرارتها لوقعا مؤلما في النفوس وعلى الأجسام، ومن أجمل وسائل الاستتار هذه الثياب تقى صاحبها الحر، وبها تتم نعمة الله، فيقول: وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ سَكَناً وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ جُلُودِ الْأَنْعامِ بُيُوتاً تَسْتَخِفُّونَها يَوْمَ ظَعْنِكُمْ وَيَوْمَ إِقامَتِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَصْوافِها وَأَوْبارِها وَأَشْعارِها أَثاثاً وَمَتاعاً إِلى حِينٍ وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِمَّا خَلَقَ ظِلالًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْجِبالِ أَكْناناً وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ سَرابِيلَ تَقِيكُمُ الْحَرَّ وَسَرابِيلَ تَقِيكُمْ بَأْسَكُمْ كَذلِكَ يُتِمُّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُسْلِمُونَ (النحل 79 - 81).
ويوجه أنظارهم إلى ما في خلق الزوج من نعمة تسكن إليها النفس، وتجد في ظلها الرحمة والمودة، فيقول: وَمِنْ آياتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْواجاً لِتَسْكُنُوا إِلَيْها وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ مَوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ (الروم 21). وهو الذى يرزقهم، ويرزق ما على الأرض من دواب، لا تستطيع أن تتكفل برزق نفسها، وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ دَابَّةٍ لا تَحْمِلُ رِزْقَهَا اللَّهُ يَرْزُقُها وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (العنكبوت 60). وينبههم إلى ما في اختلاف الليل والنهار من تجديد النشاط للجسم، وبعث القوة في الأحياء وما في الفلك المسخرة تنقل المتاجر فوق سطح البحر، فتنفع الناس، وفي الماء ينزل من السماء فيحيى الأرض بعد موتها، وفي الرياح تحمل السحاب المسخر بين السماء والأرض، ينبههم إلى نفع ذلك كله فيقول: إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهارِ وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِما يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ وَما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِنْ ماءٍ فَأَحْيا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها وَبَثَّ فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّياحِ وَالسَّحابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّماءِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (البقرة 164). ويسأل عمن يلجئون إليه، حين يملأ قلبهم الرعب من ظلمة البر البحر، أليس الله هو الذى ينجيهم منه ومن كل كرب، فيقول:
قُلْ مَنْ يُنَجِّيكُمْ مِنْ ظُلُماتِ الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ تَدْعُونَهُ تَضَرُّعاً وَخُفْيَةً لَئِنْ أَنْجانا مِنْ هذِهِ لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُنَجِّيكُمْ مِنْها وَمِنْ كُلِّ كَرْبٍ ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ تُشْرِكُونَ (الأنعام 63 - 64).
ويحدثهم عن نعمة تبادل الليل والنهار، وعما خلق له الليل من نعمة الهدوء والسكون، وعن الشمس والقمر يجريان في دقة ونظام، فيحسب الناس بهما حياتهم، وينظمون أعمالهم، وعن النجوم في السماء تزينها كمصابيح، ويهتدى بها السائر في ظلمات البر والبحر، وعن المطر ينزل من السماء، فتحيا به الأرض وتنبت به الجنات اليانعة، ذات الثمار المشتبهة وغير المشتبهة، وكان للمطر في الحياة العربية قدره وأثره، فعليه حياتهم، فلا جرم أكثر القرآن من الحديث عنه نعمة من أجلّ نعمه عليهم، فيقول: فالِقُ الْإِصْباحِ وَجَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْباناً ذلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ النُّجُومَ لِتَهْتَدُوا بِها فِي ظُلُماتِ الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ قَدْ فَصَّلْنَا الْآياتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ واحِدَةٍ فَمُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمُسْتَوْدَعٌ قَدْ فَصَّلْنَا الْآياتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَفْقَهُونَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَخْرَجْنا بِهِ نَباتَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَأَخْرَجْنا مِنْهُ خَضِراً نُخْرِجُ مِنْهُ حَبًّا مُتَراكِباً وَمِنَ النَّخْلِ مِنْ طَلْعِها قِنْوانٌ دانِيَةٌ وَجَنَّاتٍ مِنْ أَعْنابٍ وَالزَّيْتُونَ وَالرُّمَّانَ مُشْتَبِهاً وَغَيْرَ مُتَشابِهٍ انْظُرُوا إِلى ثَمَرِهِ إِذا أَثْمَرَ وَيَنْعِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكُمْ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ (الأنعام 96 - 99)، وتحدث عن هذه النعم نفسها مرارا أخرى كقوله:
اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَراتِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ لِتَجْرِيَ فِي الْبَحْرِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْأَنْهارَ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ دائِبَيْنِ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهارَ وَآتاكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ ما سَأَلْتُمُوهُ وَإِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ لا تُحْصُوها إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ (إبراهيم 32 - 34). وتحدث إليهم عما أنعم به عليهم من أنعام، فيها دفء ومنافع، وجمال، وعاد فذكرهم بنعمة المطر وإنباته الزرع، وخص البحر بالحديث عن تسخيره، وما نستخرجه منه من اللحم والحلى، وما يجرى فوقه من فلك تمخر عبابه، فقال: وَالْأَنْعامَ خَلَقَها لَكُمْ فِيها دِفْءٌ وَمَنافِعُ وَمِنْها تَأْكُلُونَ وَلَكُمْ فِيها جَمالٌ حِينَ تُرِيحُونَ وَحِينَ تَسْرَحُونَ وَتَحْمِلُ أَثْقالَكُمْ إِلى بَلَدٍ لَمْ تَكُونُوا بالِغِيهِ إِلَّا بِشِقِّ الْأَنْفُسِ إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ وَالْخَيْلَ وَالْبِغالَ وَالْحَمِيرَ لِتَرْكَبُوها وَزِينَةً وَيَخْلُقُ ما لا تَعْلَمُونَ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ وَمِنْها جائِرٌ وَلَوْ شاءَ لَهَداكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً لَكُمْ مِنْهُ شَرابٌ وَمِنْهُ شَجَرٌ فِيهِ تُسِيمُونَ يُنْبِتُ لَكُمْ بِهِ الزَّرْعَ وَالزَّيْتُونَ وَالنَّخِيلَ وَالْأَعْنابَ وَمِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَراتِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهارَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّراتٌ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ وَما ذَرَأَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُخْتَلِفاً أَلْوانُهُ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَذَّكَّرُونَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ الْبَحْرَ لِتَأْكُلُوا مِنْهُ لَحْماً طَرِيًّا وَتَسْتَخْرِجُوا مِنْهُ حِلْيَةً تَلْبَسُونَها وَتَرَى الْفُلْكَ مَواخِرَ فِيهِ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ وَأَلْقى فِي الْأَرْضِ رَواسِيَ أَنْ تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ وَأَنْهاراً وَسُبُلًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ وَعَلاماتٍ وَبِالنَّجْمِ هُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ أَفَمَنْ يَخْلُقُ كَمَنْ لا يَخْلُقُ أَفَلا تَذَكَّرُونَ وَإِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ لا تُحْصُوها إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (الأنعام 5 - 18)، وللأنعام في حياة العرب بالبادية ما يستحق أن يذكروا به، وأن يسجل فضله عليهم بها. ويوجه القرآن نظرهم إلى خلقهم وما منحهم الله من نعمة السمع والبصر والعقل، فيقول: قُلْ هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْشَأَكُمْ وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَالْأَبْصارَ وَالْأَفْئِدَةَ قَلِيلًا ما تَشْكُرُونَ (الملك 23). وكثيرا ما امتنّ عليهم بنعمة الرزق، فيقرّرها مرة، ويقررهم بها أخرى، فيقول حينا: اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ قَراراً وَالسَّماءَ بِناءً وَصَوَّرَكُمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُمْ وَرَزَقَكُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّباتِ ذلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ فَتَبارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعالَمِينَ (غافر 64). ويقول حينا: قُلْ مَنْ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ السَّماءِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَمَّنْ يَمْلِكُ السَّمْعَ وَالْأَبْصارَ وَمَنْ يُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَيُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَيِّ وَمَنْ يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ فَسَيَقُولُونَ اللَّهُ فَقُلْ أَفَلا تَتَّقُونَ (يونس 31). ويسترعى انتباههم إلى طعامهم الذى هو من فيض فضله، فيقول: فَلْيَنْظُرِ الْإِنْسانُ إِلى طَعامِهِ أَنَّا صَبَبْنَا الْماءَ صَبًّا ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا الْأَرْضَ شَقًّا فَأَنْبَتْنا فِيها حَبًّا وَعِنَباً وَقَضْباً وَزَيْتُوناً وَنَخْلًا وَحَدائِقَ غُلْباً وَفاكِهَةً وَأَبًّا مَتاعاً
لَكُمْ وَلِأَنْعامِكُمْ
(عبس 24 - 32).
وإن في إكثار القرآن من الحديث عن هذه النعم، وتوجيه أنظارهم إليها، وتقريرهم بها، ما يدفعهم إلى التفكير في مصدرها، وأنه جدير بالعبادة، وما يثير في أنفسهم شكرها وتقديس بارئها، ولا سيما أن تلك النعم ليست في طاقة بشر، وأنها باعترافهم أنفسهم من خلق العلىّ القدير. وهكذا يتكئ القرآن على عاطفة إنسانية يثيرها، لتدفع صاحبها عن طريق الإعجاب حينا، والاعتراف بالجميل حينا، إلى الإيمان بالله وإجلاله وتقديسه. كما أن ذلك الوصف يبعث في النفس حب الله المنعم، فتكون عبادته منبعثة عن حبه وشكر أياديه.
ومما عنى القرآن بإبرازه من صفات الله وحدانيته، لم يلد، ولم يولد، ولم يكن له كفوا أحد، وقد أبرز القرآن في صورة قاطعة أنه لا يقبل الشرك ولا يغفره: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ ما دُونَ ذلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشاءُ وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ افْتَرى إِثْماً عَظِيماً (النساء 48)؛ ويعد الإشراك رجسا فيقول: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرامَ بَعْدَ عامِهِمْ هذا (التوبة 28).
أوليس في هذا التصوير ما يبعث في النفس النفور منه والاشمئزاز؟!
والقرآن يعرض لجميع ألوان الإشراك، فيدحضها ويهدمها من أساسها، فعرض لفكرة اتخاذ ولد، فحدثنا في صراحة عن أنه ليس في حاجة إلى هذا الولد، يعينه أو يساعده، فكل من في الوجود خاضع لأمره، لا يلبث أن ينقاد إذا دعى، وَقالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَداً سُبْحانَهُ بَلْ لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ كُلٌّ لَهُ قانِتُونَ بَدِيعُ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَإِذا قَضى أَمْراً فَإِنَّما يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ (البقرة 116، 117). وحينا يدفع ذلك دفعا طبيعيا بأن الولد لا يكون إلا إذا كان ثمة له زوجة تلد، أما وقد خلق كل شىء، فليس ما يزعمونه ولدا سوى خلق ممن خلق:
بَدِيعُ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ صاحِبَةٌ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ذلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ خالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَاعْبُدُوهُ وَهُوَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ (الأنعام 101، 102).
ويعرض مرة أخرى لهذه الدعوى، فيقرر غناه عن هذا الولد، ولم يحتاج إليه، وله ما في السموات وما في الأرض، فيقول: قالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَداً سُبْحانَهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَما فِي الْأَرْضِ إِنْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطانٍ بِهذا أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ ما لا تَعْلَمُونَ قُلْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ لا يُفْلِحُونَ مَتاعٌ فِي الــدُّنْيا ثُمَّ إِلَيْنا مَرْجِعُهُمْ ثُمَّ نُذِيقُهُمُ الْعَذابَ الشَّدِيدَ بِما كانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ (يونس 68 - 70). ويعجب القرآن كيف يخيل للمشركين عقولهم أن يخصوا أنفسهم بالبنين ويجعلوا البنات لله، فيقول:
أَفَأَصْفاكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بِالْبَنِينَ وَاتَّخَذَ مِنَ الْمَلائِكَةِ إِناثاً إِنَّكُمْ لَتَقُولُونَ قَوْلًا عَظِيماً (الإسراء 40).
ويصور القرآن- فى أقوى صور التعبير- موقف الطبيعة الساخطة المستعظمة نسبة الولد إلى الله، فتكاد- لشدة غضبها- أن تنفجر غيظا، وتنشق ثورة، وتخر الراسيات لهول هذا الافتراء، وضخامة هذا الكذب، وأصغ إلى تصوير هذا الغضب فى قوله: وَقالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمنُ وَلَداً لَقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَيْئاً إِدًّا تَكادُ السَّماواتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَتَنْشَقُّ الْأَرْضُ وَتَخِرُّ الْجِبالُ هَدًّا أَنْ دَعَوْا لِلرَّحْمنِ وَلَداً (مريم 88 - 91). أما هؤلاء الذين دعوهم أبناء الله، فليسوا سوى عباد مكرمين، خاضعين لأمره، ولن يجرؤ واحد منهم على ادعاء الألوهية، أما من تجرأ منهم على تلك الدعوى فجزاؤه جهنم، لأنه ظالم مبين، وهل هناك أقوى في هدم الدعوى من اعترف هؤلاء العباد أنفسهم الذين يدعونهم أبناء، بأنهم ليسوا سوى عبيد خاضعين، ومن جرؤ منهم على دعوى الألوهية كان جزاؤه عذاب جهنم خالدا فيها، قال تعالى: وَقالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمنُ وَلَداً سُبْحانَهُ بَلْ عِبادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ لا يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ يَعْلَمُ ما بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَما خَلْفَهُمْ وَلا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلَّا لِمَنِ ارْتَضى وَهُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَتِهِ مُشْفِقُونَ وَمَنْ يَقُلْ مِنْهُمْ إِنِّي إِلهٌ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَذلِكَ نَجْزِيهِ جَهَنَّمَ كَذلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ (الأنبياء 26 - 29).
وعلى هذا النسق نفسه جرى في الرد على من زعم ألوهية المسيح، فقد جعل المسيح نفسه يتبرأ من ذلك وينفيه، إذ قال: وَإِذْ قالَ اللَّهُ يا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ أَأَنْتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّي إِلهَيْنِ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ قالَ سُبْحانَكَ ما يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ ما لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ إِنْ كُنْتُ قُلْتُهُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُ تَعْلَمُ ما فِي نَفْسِي وَلا أَعْلَمُ ما فِي نَفْسِكَ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ ما قُلْتُ لَهُمْ إِلَّا ما أَمَرْتَنِي بِهِ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ وَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَنْتَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (المائدة 116، 117).
وتعرض القرآن مرارا لدعوى ألوهية عيسى، وقوض هذه الدعوى من أساسها بأن هذا المسيح الذى يزعمونه إلها، ليس لديه قدرة يدفع بها عن نفسه إن أراد الله أن يهلكه، وأنه لا امتياز له على سائر المخلوقات، بل هو خاضع لأمره، مقر بأنه ليس سوى عبد الله، وليس المسيح وأمه سوى بشرين يتبوّلان ويتبرّزان، أو تقبل الفطرة الإنسانية السليمة أن تتخذ لها إلها هذا شأنه، لا يتميز عن الناس في شىء، ولا يملك لهم شيئا من الضر ولا النفع، ولننصت إلى القرآن مهاجما دعوى ألوهية عيسى قائلا: لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ قُلْ فَمَنْ يَمْلِكُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِنْ أَرادَ أَنْ يُهْلِكَ الْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَأُمَّهُ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَما بَيْنَهُما يَخْلُقُ ما يَشاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (المائدة 17). لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قالُوا
إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَقالَ الْمَسِيحُ يا بَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْواهُ النَّارُ وَما لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصارٍ لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ ثالِثُ ثَلاثَةٍ وَما مِنْ إِلهٍ إِلَّا إِلهٌ واحِدٌ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْتَهُوا عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ لَيَمَسَّنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ أَفَلا يَتُوبُونَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَهُ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ مَا الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ وَأُمُّهُ صِدِّيقَةٌ كانا يَأْكُلانِ الطَّعامَ انْظُرْ كَيْفَ نُبَيِّنُ لَهُمُ الْآياتِ ثُمَّ انْظُرْ أَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ قُلْ أَتَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ما لا يَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ ضَرًّا وَلا نَفْعاً وَاللَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
(المائدة 72 - 76).
وإن الغريزة لتنأى عن عبادة من لا يملك الضرر ولا النفع. وتأمل جمال الكناية في قوله: يَأْكُلانِ الطَّعامَ. والمسيح مقر- كما رأيت- بعبوديته ولا يستنكف أن يكون لله عبدا، لَنْ يَسْتَنْكِفَ الْمَسِيحُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَبْداً لِلَّهِ وَلَا الْمَلائِكَةُ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ وَمَنْ يَسْتَنْكِفْ عَنْ عِبادَتِهِ وَيَسْتَكْبِرْ فَسَيَحْشُرُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ جَمِيعاً (النساء 172).
وهاجم القرآن بكل قوة الإشراك بالله، وهو يهاجم ببلاغته العقل والوجدان معا فيأخذ في نقاش المشركين، ليصلوا إلى الحق بأنفسهم، ويلزمهم الحجة، ويقودهم إلى الصواب، فيسألهم عمن يرزقهم، ومن يملك سمعهم وأبصارهم، ومن يخرج الحى من الميت، ويخرج الميت من الحى، ومن يدبر أمر العالم، ومن يبدأ الخلق ثمّ يعيده، ومن يهدى إلى الحق، وإذا كان المشركون أنفسهم يعترفون بأن ذلك إنما هو من أفعال الله، فما قيمة هؤلاء الشركاء إذا، وما معنى إشراكهم لله في العبادة، أو ليس من يهدى إلى الحق جديرا بأن يعبد ويتّبع، أما من لا يهتدى إلا إذا اقتيد فمن الظلم عبادته، ومن الجهل اتباعه، وليست عبادة هؤلاء الشركاء سوى جرى وراءه وهم لا يغنى من الحق شيئا، وتأمل جمال هذا النقاش الذى يثير التفكير والوجدان معا: يثير التفكير بقضاياه، ويثير الوجدان بهذا التساؤل عن الجدير بالاتباع، وتصويره المشرك، مصروفا عن الحق، مأفوكا، ظالما، يتبع الظن الذى لا يغنى عن الحق شيئا، وذلك حين يقول: قُلْ مَنْ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ السَّماءِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَمَّنْ يَمْلِكُ السَّمْعَ وَالْأَبْصارَ وَمَنْ يُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَيُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَيِّ وَمَنْ يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ فَسَيَقُولُونَ اللَّهُ فَقُلْ أَفَلا تَتَّقُونَ فَذلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمُ الْحَقُّ فَماذا بَعْدَ الْحَقِّ إِلَّا الضَّلالُ فَأَنَّى تُصْرَفُونَ كَذلِكَ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ فَسَقُوا أَنَّهُمْ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ قُلْ هَلْ مِنْ شُرَكائِكُمْ مَنْ يَبْدَؤُا الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ قُلِ اللَّهُ يَبْدَؤُا الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ فَأَنَّى تُؤْفَكُونَ قُلْ هَلْ مِنْ شُرَكائِكُمْ مَنْ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْحَقِّ قُلِ اللَّهُ يَهْدِي لِلْحَقِّ أَفَمَنْ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْحَقِّ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُتَّبَعَ أَمَّنْ لا يَهِدِّي إِلَّا أَنْ يُهْدى فَما لَكُمْ كَيْفَ تَحْكُمُونَ وَما يَتَّبِعُ أَكْثَرُهُمْ إِلَّا ظَنًّا إِنَّ الظَّنَّ لا يُغْنِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ شَيْئاً إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِما يَفْعَلُونَ (يونس 31 - 36). وفي التحدث إليهم عن الرزق، وهدايتهم إلى الحق، ما يثير في أنفسهم عبادة هذا الذى يمدهم بالرزق، ويهديهم إلى الحق، واستمع إلى هذا النقاش الذى يحدثهم فيه عن نعمه عليهم، متسائلا:
أله شريك في هذه النعم التى أسداها، وإذا لم يكن له شريك فيما أسدى، فكيف يشرك به غيره في العبادة؟ فقال مرة: قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَسَلامٌ عَلى عِبادِهِ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفى آللَّهُ خَيْرٌ أَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ أَمَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَأَنْزَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَنْبَتْنا بِهِ حَدائِقَ ذاتَ بَهْجَةٍ ما كانَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُنْبِتُوا شَجَرَها أَإِلهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ يَعْدِلُونَ أَمَّنْ جَعَلَ الْأَرْضَ قَراراً وَجَعَلَ خِلالَها أَنْهاراً وَجَعَلَ لَها رَواسِيَ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حاجِزاً أَإِلهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ أَمَّنْ يُجِيبُ الْمُضْطَرَّ إِذا دَعاهُ وَيَكْشِفُ السُّوءَ وَيَجْعَلُكُمْ خُلَفاءَ الْأَرْضِ أَإِلهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ قَلِيلًا ما تَذَكَّرُونَ أَمَّنْ يَهْدِيكُمْ فِي ظُلُماتِ الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَمَنْ يُرْسِلُ الرِّياحَ بُشْراً بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَحْمَتِهِ أَإِلهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ تَعالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ أَمَّنْ يَبْدَؤُا الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ وَمَنْ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ السَّماءِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَإِلهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ قُلْ هاتُوا بُرْهانَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صادِقِينَ قُلْ لا يَعْلَمُ مَنْ فِي السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ الْغَيْبَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَما يَشْعُرُونَ أَيَّانَ يُبْعَثُونَ بَلِ ادَّارَكَ عِلْمُهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ بَلْ هُمْ فِي شَكٍّ مِنْها بَلْ هُمْ مِنْها عَمُونَ وَقالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَإِذا كُنَّا تُراباً وَآباؤُنا أَإِنَّا لَمُخْرَجُونَ لَقَدْ وُعِدْنا هذا نَحْنُ وَآباؤُنا مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنْ هذا إِلَّا أَساطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ قُلْ سِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كانَ عاقِبَةُ الْمُجْرِمِينَ وَلا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلا تَكُنْ فِي ضَيْقٍ مِمَّا يَمْكُرُونَ وَيَقُولُونَ مَتى هذَا الْوَعْدُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صادِقِينَ (النمل 59 - 71). أو ليس في إنبات الحدائق ذات البهجة، وتسيير الأنهار خلال الأرض، وإجابة المضطر إذا دعا، وكشف السوء، وجعلهم خلفاء الأرض، ما يبعث الابتهاج في النفس، والحب لله، ويدفع إلى عبادته وتوحيده ما دام هو الملجأ في الشدائد، والهادى في ظلمات البر والبحر، ومرسل الرياح بشرا بين يدى رحمته؟ ومرة يسائلهم قائلا: وَهُوَ اللَّهُ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي الْأُولى وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُ الْحُكْمُ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمُ اللَّيْلَ سَرْمَداً إِلى يَوْمِ الْقِيامَةِ مَنْ إِلهٌ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ يَأْتِيكُمْ بِضِياءٍ أَفَلا تَسْمَعُونَ قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمُ النَّهارَ سَرْمَداً إِلى يَوْمِ الْقِيامَةِ مَنْ إِلهٌ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ يَأْتِيكُمْ بِلَيْلٍ تَسْكُنُونَ فِيهِ أَفَلا تُبْصِرُونَ وَمِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهارَ لِتَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (القصص 70 - 73). أوليس في الليل السرمد والنهار السرمد ما يبعث الخوف في النفس، والحب لمن جعل الليل والنهار خلفة؟!
وكثيرا ما تعجب القرآن من عبادتهم ما لا يضر ولا ينفع. والقرآن يبعث الخوف من سوء مصير هؤلاء المشركين يوم القيامة، فمرة يصورهم محاولين ستر جريمتهم بإنكارهم، حين لا يجدون لها سندا من الحق والواقع، فيقول:
وَيَوْمَ نَحْشُرُهُمْ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ نَقُولُ لِلَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَيْنَ شُرَكاؤُكُمُ الَّذِينَ كُنْتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ ثُمَّ لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَتُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ قالُوا وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنا ما كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ انْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَذَبُوا عَلى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ ما كانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ (يونس 22 - 24).
وحينا يصورهم، وقد تبرأ شركاؤهم من عبادتهم، فحبطت أعمالهم، وضل سعيهم، وذلك حين يقول: وَيَوْمَ نَحْشُرُهُمْ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ نَقُولُ لِلَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا مَكانَكُمْ أَنْتُمْ وَشُرَكاؤُكُمْ فَزَيَّلْنا بَيْنَهُمْ وَقالَ شُرَكاؤُهُمْ ما كُنْتُمْ إِيَّانا تَعْبُدُونَ فَكَفى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيداً بَيْنَنا وَبَيْنَكُمْ إِنْ كُنَّا عَنْ عِبادَتِكُمْ لَغافِلِينَ هُنالِكَ تَبْلُوا كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ما أَسْلَفَتْ وَرُدُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ مَوْلاهُمُ الْحَقِّ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ ما كانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ (يونس 28 - 30).
وحينا يصورهم هلكى في أشد صور الهلاك وأفتكها، إذ يقول: وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَكَأَنَّما خَرَّ مِنَ السَّماءِ فَتَخْطَفُهُ الطَّيْرُ أَوْ تَهْوِي بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي مَكانٍ سَحِيقٍ (الحج 31). أما المصير المنتظر لمن يشرك بالله فأن يلقى في جهنم ملوما مدحورا.
ومن أبرز صفات الله في القرآن قدرته، يوجّه النظر إلى مظاهرها، ويأخذ بيدهم ليدركوا آثار هذه القدرة، مبثوثة في أرجاء الكون وفي أنفسهم، فهذه الأرض هو الذى بسطها فراشا، وتلك السماء رفعها بناء، وهذه الجبال بثها في الأرض أوتادا، وهذه الشمس والقمر والنجوم مسخرات بأمره، ووجه النظر إلى هذه الحبوب فلقها بقدرته، كما فلق النوى ليخرج منه النخل باسقات، ويوجه أنظارهم إلى ألوان المخلوقات وأنواعها وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ دَابَّةٍ مِنْ ماءٍ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلى بَطْنِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلى رِجْلَيْنِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلى أَرْبَعٍ يَخْلُقُ اللَّهُ ما يَشاءُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (النور 45). وَمِنْ آياتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرابٍ ثُمَّ إِذا أَنْتُمْ بَشَرٌ تَنْتَشِرُونَ وَمِنْ آياتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْواجاً لِتَسْكُنُوا إِلَيْها وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ مَوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ وَمِنْ آياتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلافُ أَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَأَلْوانِكُمْ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِلْعالِمِينَ وَمِنْ آياتِهِ مَنامُكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهارِ وَابْتِغاؤُكُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ وَمِنْ آياتِهِ يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفاً وَطَمَعاً وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَيُحْيِي بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ وَمِنْ آياتِهِ أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّماءُ وَالْأَرْضُ بِأَمْرِهِ ثُمَّ إِذا دَعاكُمْ دَعْوَةً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ إِذا أَنْتُمْ تَخْرُجُونَ (الروم 20 - 25). خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَها وَأَلْقى فِي الْأَرْضِ رَواسِيَ أَنْ تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ وَبَثَّ فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ دابَّةٍ وَأَنْزَلْنا مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَنْبَتْنا فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ كَرِيمٍ (لقمان 10). ويوجّه النظر إلى توالى الليل والنهار، وتسخير الشمس والقمر، فيقول: أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي إِلى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ بِما تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ ذلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ ما يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ الْباطِلُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ (لقمان 29، 30)؛ وكرر ذلك مرارا عدة، كقوله: أَفَلَمْ يَنْظُرُوا إِلَى السَّماءِ فَوْقَهُمْ كَيْفَ بَنَيْناها وَزَيَّنَّاها وَما لَها مِنْ فُرُوجٍ وَالْأَرْضَ مَدَدْناها وَأَلْقَيْنا فِيها رَواسِيَ وَأَنْبَتْنا فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ تَبْصِرَةً وَذِكْرى لِكُلِّ عَبْدٍ مُنِيبٍ وَنَزَّلْنا مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً مُبارَكاً فَأَنْبَتْنا بِهِ جَنَّاتٍ وَحَبَّ الْحَصِيدِ وَالنَّخْلَ باسِقاتٍ لَها طَلْعٌ نَضِيدٌ رِزْقاً لِلْعِبادِ وَأَحْيَيْنا بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَيْتاً كَذلِكَ الْخُرُوجُ (ق 6 - 11).
ويوجّه أنظارهم إلى قدرته في خلقهم، إذ يقول: هُوَ الَّذِي يُصَوِّرُكُمْ فِي الْأَرْحامِ كَيْفَ يَشاءُ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (آل عمران 6). ويقول: يَخْلُقُكُمْ فِي بُطُونِ أُمَّهاتِكُمْ خَلْقاً مِنْ بَعْدِ خَلْقٍ فِي ظُلُماتٍ ثَلاثٍ ذلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَأَنَّى تُصْرَفُونَ (الزمر 6).
صوّر القرآن قدرة الله الباهرة التى لا يعجزها شىء، والتى يستجيب لأمرها كل شىء، بهذا التّصوير البارع إذ قال: إِنَّما أَمْرُهُ إِذا أَرادَ شَيْئاً أَنْ يَقُولَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ (يس 82).
ولما وجّه النظر إلى مظاهر قدرته، اتخذ ذلك ذريعة إلى إقناعهم بأمر البعث، فحينا يتساءل أمن خلق السموات والأرض، ولم يجد مشقة في خلقها يعجز عن إحياء الموتى، فيقول: أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَمْ يَعْيَ بِخَلْقِهِنَّ بِقادِرٍ عَلى أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتى بَلى إِنَّهُ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (الأحقاف 33). ويقرر أن خلق السموات والأرض أكبر من خلق الناس، لَخَلْقُ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ خَلْقِ النَّاسِ وَلكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لا يَعْلَمُونَ (غافر 57). ولذا صح هذا التساؤل ليقروا: أَأَنْتُمْ أَشَدُّ خَلْقاً أَمِ السَّماءُ بَناها رَفَعَ سَمْكَها فَسَوَّاها وَأَغْطَشَ لَيْلَها وَأَخْرَجَ ضُحاها وَالْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ دَحاها أَخْرَجَ مِنْها ماءَها وَمَرْعاها وَالْجِبالَ أَرْساها مَتاعاً لَكُمْ وَلِأَنْعامِكُمْ (النازعات 27 - 33). وسوف نكمل الحديث عن ذلك في فصل اليوم الآخر.
ومن أظهر صفات الله في القرآن علمه، وإحاطة علمه بكل شىء في الأرض وفي السماء وَما يَعْزُبُ عَنْ رَبِّكَ مِنْ مِثْقالِ ذَرَّةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلا فِي السَّماءِ وَلا أَصْغَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ وَلا أَكْبَرَ إِلَّا فِي كِتابٍ مُبِينٍ (يونس 61). ويقول على لسان لقمان لابنه: يا بُنَيَّ إِنَّها إِنْ تَكُ مِثْقالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ فَتَكُنْ فِي صَخْرَةٍ أَوْ فِي السَّماواتِ أَوْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَأْتِ بِهَا اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ (لقمان 16). أرأيت هذا التصوير المؤثر لإحاطة علم الله بكل شىء، فلا يغيب عنه موضع ذرّة بين طيات صخرة أو في طبقات السموات، أو في أعماق الأرض، ويعلم الله الغيب، ومن ذلك ما يرونه بأعينهم في كل يوم من أمور غيبيّة، يدركون أنها مستورة عليهم، مع قرب بعضها منهم، إذ يقول: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ ما فِي الْأَرْحامِ وَما تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ ماذا تَكْسِبُ غَداً وَما تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ (لقمان 34). وَإِنْ تَجْهَرْ بِالْقَوْلِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفى (طه 7). واقرأ هذا التصوير الشامل لعلمه في قوله: وَعِنْدَهُ مَفاتِحُ الْغَيْبِ لا يَعْلَمُها إِلَّا هُوَ وَيَعْلَمُ ما فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَما تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُها وَلا حَبَّةٍ فِي ظُلُماتِ الْأَرْضِ وَلا رَطْبٍ وَلا يابِسٍ إِلَّا فِي كِتابٍ مُبِينٍ (الأنعام 59). وهكذا يصور القرآن شمول علم الله تصويرا ملموسا محسا.
ومن أظهر صفاته كذلك شدة قربه إلى الناس، ما يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ وَلا خَمْسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سادِسُهُمْ وَلا أَدْنى مِنْ ذلِكَ وَلا أَكْثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمْ أَيْنَ ما كانُوا ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِما عَمِلُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (المجادلة 7). وأمر الرسول بأن يخبر الناس بقربه، يسمعهم ويصغى إليهم إذا دعوا، فقال: وَإِذا سَأَلَكَ عِبادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذا دَعانِ (البقرة 186). ولا يستطيع فرد أن يعيش بعيدا عن عينه، يَعْلَمُ ما يَلِجُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَما يَخْرُجُ مِنْها وَما يَنْزِلُ مِنَ السَّماءِ وَما يَعْرُجُ فِيها وَهُوَ مَعَكُمْ أَيْنَ ما كُنْتُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِما تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (الحديد 4). بل هو أقرب شىء إلى الإنسان، يعلم خلجات نفسه، ويدرك أسراره وخواطره لا يغيب عنه منها شىء، وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسانَ وَنَعْلَمُ ما تُوَسْوِسُ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَبْلِ الْوَرِيدِ (ق 16).
والعدل، وقد أطال القرآن في تأكيد هذه الصفة، وأكثر من تكريرها، فكل إنسان مجزى بعمله وَمَا اللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ظُلْماً لِلْعِبادِ (غافر 31). مَنْ عَمِلَ صالِحاً فَلِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَساءَ فَعَلَيْها وَما رَبُّكَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ (فصلت 146). ويقرر في صراحة إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَظْلِمُ النَّاسَ شَيْئاً وَلكِنَّ النَّاسَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ (يونس 44). وإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقالَ ذَرَّةٍ (النساء 40).
وإن في تقرير هذه الصفات وتأكيدها لدفعا للمرء إلى التفكير قبل العمل، كى لا يغضب الله العالم بكل صغيرة وكبيرة تصدر منه، والقريب إليه قربا لا قرب أشد منه، وفي تأكيد صفتى العلم والقرب ما يبعث الخجل في الإنسان من أن يعمل ما يغضب الله وما حرمه، وفي تأكيد صفة العدل ما يبعث على محاسبة النفس لأن الخير سيعود إليها ثوابه، والشر سيرجع عليها عقابه.
وكان وصف القرآن لله بالرحمة والرأفة والحلم والغفران والشكر، أكثر من وصفه بالانتقام وشدّة العذاب، بل هو عند ما يوصف بهما، تذكر إلى جانبهما أحيانا صفات الرحمة؛ فكثيرا ما يكرر القرآن معنى قوله: إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ (البقرة 143). وقوله: وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُوراً رَحِيماً (النساء 110). وأكّد هذا الوصف حتى قال: كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْكُمْ سُوءاً بِجَهالَةٍ ثُمَّ تابَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَنَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (الأنعام 54). وَقُلْ رَبِّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ (المؤمنون 118). أَنْتَ وَلِيُّنا فَاغْفِرْ لَنا وَارْحَمْنا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْغافِرِينَ (الأعراف 155). ويفتح باب رحمته وغفرانه، حتى لمن أسرف ولج في العصيان، إذ يقول: قُلْ يا عِبادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لا تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعاً إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ (الزمر 53). وبذلك كانت الصورة التى رسمها القرآن مليئة بالأمل والرجاء، تحيى في النفس التفاؤل، كما أن كثرة وصفه بالرحمة وأخواتها، تجعل عبادة الله منبعثة عن الحب، أكثر منها منبعثة عن الرهبة والخوف، ولكن لما كان كثير من النفوس يخضع بالرهبة دون الرغبة وصف القرآن الله بالعزة والانتقام وشدة العذاب، يقرن ذلك بوصفه بالرحمة حينا، ولا يقرنها بها حينا آخر، فيقول مرة: اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقابِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (المائدة 98). غافِرِ الذَّنْبِ وَقابِلِ التَّوْبِ شَدِيدِ الْعِقابِ ذِي الطَّوْلِ (غافر 3). إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ وَذُو عِقابٍ أَلِيمٍ (فصلت 43). ويقول أخرى: وَما آتاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَما نَهاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقابِ (الحشر 7). عَفَا اللَّهُ عَمَّا سَلَفَ وَمَنْ عادَ فَيَنْتَقِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ ذُو انْتِقامٍ (المائدة 95). إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآياتِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذابٌ شَدِيدٌ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ ذُو انْتِقامٍ (آل عمران 4). وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَما لَهُ مِنْ هادٍ وَمَنْ يَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَما لَهُ مِنْ مُضِلٍّ أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِعَزِيزٍ ذِي انْتِقامٍ (الزمر 37). وبرغم وصفه بالعزّة والانتقام والجبروت كانت الصفة الغالبة في القرآن هى الإنعام والرحمة والتّفضّل وأنه الملجأ والوزر، يجيب المضطرّ إذا دعاه، ويكشف السوء، وينجّى في ظلمات البرّ والبحر، فهى صورة محبّبة إلى النفوس، تدفع إلى العبادة، عبادة من هو جدير بها، لكثرة فضله وخيره وإنعامه.
وأفحم القرآن من ادّعى الألوهية من البشر إفحاما لا مخلص له منه، وذلك في الحديث الذى دار بين إبراهيم وهذا الملك الذى ادعى أنه إله، إذ يقول: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْراهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ أَنْ آتاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ إِذْ قالَ إِبْراهِيمُ رَبِّيَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ قالَ أَنَا أُحْيِي وَأُمِيتُ قالَ إِبْراهِيمُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْتِي بِالشَّمْسِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِها مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَبُهِتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ وَاللَّهُ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ (البقرة 258).
وأرشد ــالقرآن إلى أن العقل السليم والفطرة المستقيمة يرشدان إلى وجود الله ويدلّان على وحدانيته، فهذا إبراهيم قد وجد قومه يتخذون أصناما آلهة، فلم ترقه عبادتهم، فمضى إلى الكون يلتمس إلهه، فلما رأى نورا يشع ليلا من كوكب في الأفق ظنه إلها، ولكنه لم يلبث أن رآه قد أفل، فأنكر على نفسه اتخاذ كوكب يأفل إلها، إذ الإله يجب أن يكون ذا عين لا تغفل ولا تنام، وهكذا أعجب بالقمر، واستعظم الشمس، ولكنهما قد مضيا آفلين، فأدرك إبراهيم أن ليس في كل هؤلاء من يستحق عبادة ولا تقديسا، وأنّ الله الحق هو الذى فطر السموات والأرض، واستمع إلى القرآن يصوّر تأمل إبراهيم في قوله: وَإِذْ قالَ إِبْراهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ آزَرَ أَتَتَّخِذُ أَصْناماً آلِهَةً إِنِّي أَراكَ وَقَوْمَكَ فِي ضَلالٍ مُبِينٍ وَكَذلِكَ نُرِي إِبْراهِيمَ مَلَكُوتَ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلِيَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُوقِنِينَ فَلَمَّا جَنَّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ رَأى كَوْكَباً قالَ هذا رَبِّي فَلَمَّا أَفَلَ قالَ لا أُحِبُّ الْآفِلِينَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْقَمَرَ بازِغاً قالَ هذا رَبِّي فَلَمَّا أَفَلَ قالَ لَئِنْ لَمْ يَهْدِنِي رَبِّي لَأَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الضَّالِّينَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى الشَّمْسَ بازِغَةً قالَ هذا رَبِّي هذا أَكْبَرُ فَلَمَّا أَفَلَتْ قالَ يا قَوْمِ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ إِنِّي وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضَ حَنِيفاً وَما أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (الأنعام 74 - 79).

زو

ى1 زَوَاهُ, (K,) aor. ـْ (TA,) inf. n. زَىٌّ and زُوِىٌّ, (K, TA,) the latter [accord. to the CK زَوْىٌ, but it is correctly] like عُتِىٌّ, (TA,) He put it aside, or away, or apart; or removed it from its place. (K.) You say, زَوَىَ عَنْهُ كَذَا, inf. n. زُوِىٌّ, He averted, diverted, or removed, from him such a thing; turned, put, or sent, it away, or back, from him. (TA.) b2: And زَوَى سِرَّهُ عَنْهُ He concealed his secret from him. (K.) b3: Also (K) زَوَاهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. as above, inf. n. زَىٌّ, (Msb, TA,) He drew it, collected it, or gathered it, together; contracted it, or grasped it. (S, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., زُوِيَتْ لِىَ الأَرْضُ فَأْرِيتُ مَشَارِقَهَا وَمَغَارِبَهَا [The earth was collected together to me, and I was shown its eastern parts and its western parts]. (S, TA.) And you say, زَوَى المَالَ, (S, Msb,) inf. n. زَىٌّ, (S,) He drew, or collected, together, or he grasped, the property, (Msb,) عَنْ وَارِثِهِ [from its inheritor]. (S.) and زَوَى مَا بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ (S, TA) He (a man, S) drew together, or contracted, the part between his eyes. (TA.) And جَآءَنَا بِصَرْبَةٍ تَزْوِى الوَجْهَ [He brought us some very sour milk such as contracts the face, or makes it to wrinkle]. (S in art. صرب.) And تَزْوِى الوُجُوهَ said of a cold north wind, It contracts [or wrinkles] the faces: a phrase used by Tarafeh Ibn-El-'Abd. (Ham p. 632.) 2 زوّى, inf. n. تَزْوِيَةٌ: see 5.

A2: زَيَّيْتُهُ, (S, Msb, K,) which by rule should be زَوَّيْتُهُ, (S, Msb,) but is made to accord with زِىٌّ in order to facilitate the pronunciation, (Msb,) inf. n. accord. to the K تَزْيِيَةٌ, but correctly, as Lth says, تَزِيَّةٌ, in measure like تَحِيَّةٌ, (TA,) I invested him with, or made him to have, a زِىّ [i. e. garb, guise, &c.]; (S, * Msb, K, * TA;) by means of, or with, such a thing: you say, زَيَّيْتُهُ بِكَذَا [which may be rendered I invested, decked, or adorned, him with such a thing; agreeably with what follows]. (Msb.) Accord. to Fr, they say, زَيَّيْتُ الجَارِيَةَ, meaning I invested the girl, or young woman, with a garb, or guise, &c.; and decked, or adorned, her. (TA.) b2: You say also, زوّى الكَلَامَ, meaning He prepared the speech in his mind; like زَوَّرَهُ. (TA.) A3: زَيَّيْتُ زَايًا and زَوَّيْتُ زَايًا [mean I wrote, or uttered, a ز]: some [hold the ا in زاى to be originally ى, and therefore] say زَيَّيْتُ: others [hold it to be originally و, and therefore] say زَوَّيْتُ. (IB, on the letter أَلِف.) Zeyd Ibn-Thábit said, in relation to the expression in the Kur [ii. 261] نُنْشِزُهَا, [accord. to one reading, or reciting,] هِىَ زَاىٌ فَزَيِّهَا, meaning [It is زاى, therefore make thou it زاى in thy reading, or reciting; or] read thou it, or recite thou it, with the زاى. (S.) 4 ازوى: see art. زو.5 تزوّى He was, or became, [or placed himself,] in a زَاوِيَة, i. e. corner, of a house or chamber; as also ↓ زوّى, (K,) inf. n. تَزْوِيَةٌ; (TA;) and ↓ انزوى. (K.) A2: تَزَيَّا, from الزِّىُّ; (K, KL;) or تَزَيَّا بِزِىٍّ; (Lth, MA;) He invested himself with a garb, guise, or dress; [or with an external appearance;] (MA, KL;) he decked, or adorned, himself. (MA.) You say of a man, تزيّا بِزِىٍّ حَسَنٍ [He invested himself with a beautiful, or goodly, garb, &c.]. (Lth, TA.) Hence the saying of El-Mutanebbee, وَقَدْ يَتَزَيَّا بِالهَوَى غَيْرُ أَهْلِهِ وَيَسْتَصْحِبُ الإِنْسَانُ مَنْ لَا يُلَائِمُهْ (TA:) i. e. [And verily, or sometimes, or often, one who is not entitled to it] assumes the guise of love; and the man asks to be his companion him who is not suited to him: (W p. 374:) his disciple Ibn-Jinnee, however, objected to him his saying يتزيّا, and expressed his opinion that the correct word is يَتَزَوَّى; and El-Mutanebbee admitted that he did not know the former word in any [classical] poetry, nor in any lexicological book, but asserted the verb in use to be only تَزَيَّا: (MF, TA:) in the M it is said that IJ held تَزَيَّا to be originally تَزَوْيَا, and the و to be changed into ى because quiescent, and incorporated into the ى preceded by it. (TA.) 7 انزوى It was, or became, put aside, or away, or apart; or removed from its place. (K.) b2: اِنْزَوَتِ الجِلْدَةُ فِىالنَّارِ The piece of skin became contracted, or shrivelled, or shrunk, in the fire. (S.) And انزوى مَا بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ The part between his eyes became drawn together, or contracted. (TA.) And انزوى القَوْمُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ The people, or party, drew together, one portion of them to another portion. (TA.) b3: See also 5, first sentence.

زَا and زًا and زَآءٌ and see زَاىٌ, below.

زَىْ and زَىٌّ: see زَاىٌ, below.

زِىٌّ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally زِوْىٌ, (S, Msb,) Garb, guise, dress, habit, fashion of dress, and aspect, or outward appearance; syn. لِبَاسٌ, (S, TA,) and هَيْئَةٌ, (Fr, Msb, K, TA,) and مَنْظَرٌ: (Fr, TA:) pl. أَزْيَآءٌ. (K.) [In the Kur xix. 75,] some read أَحْسَنُ أَثَاثًا وَزِيًّا [Better in respect of household-goods and in respect of garb, &c.]: others read رِيًّا, with ر: (TA:) and رِئْيًا: and رِيْئًا: and رِيًا. (Bd.) زَاىٌ, (Kr, S, K, &c.,) in which the ا, accord. to Lth, is originally ى, but accord. to Sb and IJ it is و, (TA,) A certain letter (i. e. ز); (S, TA;) [in spelling, pronounced زَاىْ; and] also called ↓ زَآءٌ, (Kr, S, K,) and ↓ زًا, and [in spelling (see the first sentence of art. ب)] ↓ زَا, (Kr, K, but omitted in some copies of the K,) this last being indecl., (Kr, TA,) and ↓ زَىٌّ (K) and [in spelling]

↓ زَىْ: (Kr, K:) of all which, the first is that which is held in [most] repute: (TA:) and this and زَآءٌ may be meant by J's saying, الزَّاىُ حَرْفٌ يُمَدُّ وَيُقْصَرُ وَلَا يُكْتَبُ إِلَّا بِيَآءٍ بَعْدَ الأَلِفِ; though the author of the K asserts J to have erred in saying this: (MF, TA:) the pl. is أَزْوَآءٌ and أَزْيَآءٌ, (Kudot;,) the former or the latter accord. to different opinions, (TA,) and أَزْوٍ and أَزْىٍ, (K,) each [originally] of the measure أَفْعُلٌ. (TA.) One says, هٰذِهِ زَاىٌ حَسَنَةٌ [This is a beautiful; ز]: and كَتَبْتُ زَايًا صَغِيرَةً [I wrote a small; ز]: and the like. (IJ, TA.) A2: زَاىْ is also said by the vulgar on an occasion of wonder, and of disapproval: but [SM says,] I know not what is its origin. (TA.) [It may be from the Pers\. زَىْ, or زِهِى; which are likewise said on an occasion of wonder. إِزَّاىْ and إِزَّىّ and إِزَّىْ, and with أَ in the place of إِ, are also said by the vulgar in Egypt on an occasion of wonder, and of denial, meaning How? And زَىْ is used by them for the prefix كَ, meaning Like.]

زُوَيَّةٌ: see what next follows.

زُيَيَّةٌ dim. of زَاىٌّ [accord. to those who hold the ا in the latter to be originally ى, or ↓ زُوَيَّةٌ accord. to those who hold that letter to be originally و; like أُيَيَّةٌ and أُوَيَّةٌ as dims. of آءٌ accord. to different opinions: see art. ا, in the middle of the first column]. (TA.) زَاوِيَةٌ A corner, or an angle, (رُكْن,) of a house or room or the like: (K:) of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ from زَوَى signifying جَمَعَ; because of its em-bracing (لِأَنَّهَا جَمَعَتْ) a part, or portion, (قُطْرًا,) thereof: (Msb, TA:) pl. زَوَايَا [which is irreg.; for by rule it should be زَوَآءٍ, being originally of the measure فَوَاعِلُ, not فَعَائِلُ]. (S, K.) They say, كَمْ فِى الزَّوَايَا مِنَ الخَبَايَا [How many hidden things are there in the corners!]. (TA.) b2: [In geometry, An angle. b3: And hence, زَاوِيَةُ العَوَّآءِ The star γ of Virgo; العَوَّآءُ being composed of four stars, γ,δ,ε and η of Virgo, disposed nearly in the form of a capital L, with ε, δ, γ from top to bottom and η to the right. ] b4: In a saying cited voce رَاوِيَةٌ, the pl. زَوَايَا is used as meaning Houses, or tents. (T in art. روى.) b5: [And in the present day, the term زَاوِيَةٌ is also applied to A small mosque, or chapel: and in some instances, a building of this kind, thus called, serves as a hospice, or an asylum for poor Muslims, students and others; like رِبَاطٌ.]

خفض

1 خَفَضَهُ, [aor. ـِ inf. n. خَفْضٌ, He lowered it; depressed it; namely, a thing; contr. of رَفَعَهُ. (A.) b2: He (God) abased him; (S, Msb;) namely, an unbeliever. (Msb.) You say, اَللّٰهُ يَخْفِضُ مَنْ يَشَآءُ وَيْرفَعُ (assumed tropical:) God abaseth whom He will, and exalteth.. (S.) b3: خَفَضَ جَنَاحَهُ He (a bird) [lowered or] relaxed his wing, and contracted it to his side, in order that he might rest, or cease, from his flying. (TA.) b4: And the same phrase, (tropical:) He made himself gentle, easy to deal with, compliant, or obsequious. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xv. 88], وَاخْفِضْ خَنَآحَكَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ (tropical:) And make thyself gentle, &c., to the believers: (Jel, TA:) or be thou condescending to the believers, and treat them with gentleness. (Bd.) And again, in the same [xvii. 25], (TA,) وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ (tropical:) And humble, or abase, thou thyself to them both, from compassion: (Bd, K, TA:) or make thyself submissively gentle to them both, from compassion: (Bd, * Jel:) or there is a transposition in the sentence, and the meaning is واخفض لهما جناح الرحمة من الذلّ [and make thyself compassionately gentle to them both, from submissiveness]. (O, K.) b5: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَخْفِضُ القِسْطَ وَيَرْفَعُهُ, in a trad., means Verily God, at one time, bringeth down to the ground the just, or equitable; and, at another time, exalteth him: (ISh:) or maketh ample [the means of subsistence &c.] to whom He will, and maketh scanty to whom He will: (Sgh, K:) or maketh little the portion of the means of subsistence which is the share of any created being, and maketh it much. (TA in art. قسط, q. v.). خَفْضُ العَدْلِ وَرَفْعُهُ is also explained as signifying The just's being overcome by the unjust, when men act corruptly, and the just's overcoming the unjust, when they repent, and act righteously. (TA.) [See also art. رفع.]

b6: مَازَالَتْ تَخْفِضُنِى أَرْضٌ وَتَرْفَعُنِى أُخْرَى حَتَّى وَصَلْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ (tropical:) [app. means One land ceased not to make me go a gentle pace, and another to make me go a vehement pace, until I came unto you: for خَفَضَ as relating to pace is probably not only intrans., as it will be seen to be below, but also trans., like its contr. رَفَعَ: or it may mean one land ceased not to make me go down, and another to make me go up, &c.; though its being tropical if having this meaning may be doubted]. (A, TA.) b7: خَفَضَ صَوْتَهُ, (A, Msb,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. خَفْضٌ, (S, Msb, K,) (tropical:) He (a man, Msb) lowered his voice; (S, K;) did not raise his voice; (Msb;) [contr. of رَفَعَهُ, as is indicated in the A.] b8: [In most of the above-mentioned senses, ↓ خَفَّضَ is nearly; if not exactly, syn. with خَفَضَ.] b9: خَفَضَ الحَرْفَ فِى الإِعْرَابِ (assumed tropical:) He made the [final] letter to have kesreh, in inflection. (Msb.) خَفْضٌ is syn. with جَرٌّ [q. v.] (S, K) in the inflection of words: (K:) these two terms, in the inflection of words, are like كَسْرٌ in the non-inflection, in the conventional language of the grammarians. (S.) A2: خَفُضَ عَيْشُهُ, aor. ـُ [inf. n., app., خَفْضٌ, q. v. infrà,] (assumed tropical:) His life was, or became, easy; free from trouble or inconvenience, and toil or fatigue; tranquil; and plentiful. (JK, K. *) b2: خَفُضَ صَوْتُهَا (assumed tropical:) Her (a woman's) voice was, or became, [low, soft,] gentle and easy. (TA.) b3: خَفَضَتْ (assumed tropical:) She (a woman) was, or became, low, soft, or gentle, in voice. (TA.) b4: خَفَضَتِ الإِبِلُ, [inf. n. خَفْضٌ and مَخْفُوضٌ, like the contr. رَفْعٌ and مَرْفُوعٌ, (see خَفْضٌ below,)] (tropical:) The camels went a gentle pace; (A, TA;) contr. of رَفَعَت. (A.) b5: خَفَضَ بِالمَكَانِ, aor. ـِ (assumed tropical:) He remained, stayed, or abode, in the place. (K.) [See also خَافِضٌ.] A poet says, [app. using the verb in this sense,] إِنَّ شَكْلِى وَإِنَّ شَكْلَكِ شَتَّى

فَالْزَمِى الخُصَّ وَاخْفِضِى تَبْيَضِضِّى

[Verily the like of me, and verily the like of thee, are different: therefore keep thou to the booth which is our home, and remain at rest: thou wilt become fair]: the last word is for تَبْيَضِّى; a ض being added. (S.) b6: خَفَضَ, inf. n. خُفُوضٌ, also signifies (assumed tropical:) He died; said of a man. (TA.) A3: خَفَضَتِ الجَارِيَةَ, [aor. and inf. n. as below,] She circumcised the girl: [see بَظْرٌ:] (Msb:) خَفَضْتُ الجَارِيَةَ, (S,) or خُفِضَتِ الجَارِيَةُ, (A, K,) is like خَتَنْتُ الغُلَامَ, (S,) or, خُتِنَ الغُلَامُ: (A, K:) the former verb applies only to a girl: (Msb, K:) or you say sometimes, خفَضَ الصَّبِىَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. خَفْضٌ, meaning he circumcised the boy. (TA.) 2 خَفَّضَ see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: خَفِّضْ رَأْسَ البَعِيرِ Draw thou the camel's head towards the ground, that thou mayest mount him. (Lth, K.) b3: خفّضهُ (assumed tropical:) He weakened, and lowered, or abased, his state, and his rank. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) He quieted him, or tranquillized him, and rendered the affair, or case, or state, easy to him. (TA, from a trad.) b5: خَفِّضْ عَلَيْكَ جَاشَكَ (assumed tropical:) Quiet, or calm, thy heart. (TA.) b6: خَفِّضِ القَوْلَ يَا فُلَانُ (tropical:) Make thou thy words (lit. the saying) gentle, or soft, O such a one: (K, TA:) and خَفِّضْ عَلَيْكَ القَوْلَ [signifies the same]. (S.) b7: خَفِّضْ عَلَيْكَ الأَمْرَ, (S, K, *) or [simply] خَفِّضْ عَلَيْكَ, (A,) (tropical:) Make thou the case, or affair, light, or easy, (S, A, K,) to thyself: (A:) [i. e. regard it lightly: for] خَفِّضِى عَلَيْكِ, occurring in a trad., as said by Aboo-Bekr to 'Áïsheh, means make thou the case, or affair, light, or easy; and do not grieve for it. (TA.) b8: أُصِيبَ بِمَصَائِبَ تَخَفِّضُ المَوْتَ (assumed tropical:) He was smitten by afflictions which brought near to him death, and from which he could not escape. (IAar, L.) 3 رَافَعَنِى وَخَافَضَنِى: see art. رفع.5 تَخَفَّضَ see what next follows.7 انخفض, (JK, S, Sgh,) or ↓ اختفض, (K,) or both, (TA,) [but the latter seems to be very rare, whereas the former is of very frequent occurrence,] and ↓ تخفّض, (A,) It was, or became, lowered, or low, or depressed (JK, S, A, Sgh, K.) 8 اختفض: see 7.

A2: اختفضت She (a girl) was, or became, circumcised. (S, K.) [See 1, last signification.]

خَفْضٌ: [see خَفَضَ, (of which it is the inf. n.,) throughout. b2: ] A state of abatement, or remissness, or the like: (A, TA:) (assumed tropical:) ease; repose; freedom from trouble or inconvenience, and toil or fatigue; tranquillity; quietness; quietude; stillness; syn. دَعَةٌ; (S, A, K;) and رَاحَةٌ; (Msb;) and سُكُونٌ; (TA;) of life: (Msb:) or ampleness of the circumstances of life; (El-Marzookee, Msb;) plentifulness and pleasantness thereof: (El-Marzookee:) softness, delicateness, or easiness: (A, TA:) pleasant life: (L:) and [in like manner] ↓ خَفِيضَةٌ, softness, delicateness, or easiness, of life; and ampleness of the circumstances thereof: (TA:) and the former, (assumed tropical:) gentleness and easiness of voice. (TA.) You say, هُمْ فِى خَفْضٍ

مِنَ العَيْشِ (assumed tropical:) They are in an easy, or a tranquil, [or a plentiful and pleasant, or a soft or delicate,] state of life. (S.) [This phrase is said in the A to be tropical; but why, I do not see; since خَفْضٌ in the sense of دَعَةٌ is proper accord. to the same authority.] And هُوَ فِى خَفْضِ العَيْشِ (assumed tropical:) He is in an ample, and an easy, or a tranquil, state of life. (Msb.) And a poet says, لَا يَمْنَعَنَّكَ خَفْضَ العَيْشِ فِىدَعَةٍ

نُزُوعُ نَفْسٍ إِلَى أَهْلٍ وَأَوْطَانِ تَلْقَى بِكُلِّ بِلَادٍ إِنْ حَلَلْتَ بِهَا

أَهْلًا بِأَهْلٍ وَجِيرَانًا بِجِيرَانِ (Ham p. 137, and Sgh;) i. e. (assumed tropical:) [Let not yearning of soul for family and homes prevent thee from enjoying] ampleness of the circumstances of life, or plentifulness and pleasantness thereof, in ease and tranquillity: [thou wilt find in every country, if thou take up thine abode in it, a family for a family, and neighbours for neighbours:] (ElMarzookee, MF:) another reading, which is preferable, though each is allowable, is نِزَاعُ in the place of نُزُوعُ. (Ham ubi suprà.) b3: [It is also used as an epithet; app. for ذُو خفْضٍ.] Yousay, عَيْشٌ خَفْضٌ, (JK, TA,) and ↓ خَافِضٌ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ خَفِيضٌ, and ↓ مَخْفُوضٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) An easy, or a tranquil, (JK, S, K, TA,) and plentiful, (JK, TA,) and soft, or delicate, (TA,) life: (JK, S, &c.:) and ↓ مَخْفِضٌ signifies the same as خَفْضٌ. (TA: there mentioned in the same place as here.) [It is said in the A, that عيش ↓ خافض is like عِيشَةٌ رَاضِيَةٌ, (meaning that it is for عَيْشٌ مَخْفُوضٌ,) and that it is tropical.] b4: Also (tropical:) A gentle pace; contr. of رَفْعٌ; (S, A, * K;) and so ↓ مَخْفُوضٌ; (S, * A;) contr. of مَرْفُوعٌ. (A, TA.) [See خَفَضَتِ الإِبِلُ.] b5: Also Low, or depressed, land: (TA:) and [in like manner]

↓ خَافِضَةٌ a low, or depressed, tract (تَلْعَةٌ مُطْمَئِنَّةٌ) of land: (ISh, K:) رَافِعَةٌ signifying [the contr., i. e.] a hard and elevated tract of land. (ISh.) هُوَ فِى حَالِ خَفْضَةٍ and حَالِ رِفْعَةٍ [He is in a state of abasement and in a state of elevation: or perhaps the word خفضة should be written خِفْضة, to agree in form with رِفْعَة, and because in itself denoting a state]. (A.) صَوْتٌ خَفِيضٌ (tropical:) A low, soft, or gentle, voice. (TA.) And كَلَامٌ خَفِيضٌ and ↓ مَخْفُوضٌ (tropical:) [Low, soft, or gentle, speech]. (A, TA.) See also خَافِضٌ. b2: عَيْشٌ خَفِيضٌ: see خَفْضٌ.

خَفِيضَةٌ, as a subst.: see خَفْضٌ, near the beginning of the paragraph.

الخَافِضُ, one of the names of God called الأَسْمَآءُ الحُسْنَى, The Abaser of the proud, haughty, or insolent: (K:) the Abaser of everything which He desireth to abase. (TA.) b2: خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ in the Kur [lvi. 3, applied to the resurrection, (القِيَامَة,)] means Abasing certain persons to Hell: exalting certain persons to Paradise: (O, K:) or abasing the disobedient: exalting the obedient. (Zj.) b3: A rájiz [of the tribe of Asad (S in arts.

شول and صن)] says, censuring a collector of the poor-rate, خَافِضَ سِنٍّ وَمُشِيلًا سِنَّا أَإِبِلِى تَأْكُلُهَا مُصِنَّا [Dost thou devour my camels, elevating the nose with pride, lowering age in one case and raising age in another?]: or, accord. to IAar, this was a man addressing his wife, and censuring her father, who had required as her dowry twenty camels, all to be بَنَات لَبُون, and demanded them of him; and when he saw among his camels a fat حِقَّة, he said “ This is a بِنْت لَبُون,” that he might take her; and when he saw a lean بنت لبون, he said “ This is a بِنْت مَخَاض,” that he might leave her. (S.) b4: هُوَ خَافِضُ الجَنَاحِ (tropical:) He is gentle, easy to deal with, compliant, or obsequious: (A, TA:) (tropical:) he is grave, staid, sedate, or calm; (TA;) and so هُوَخَافِضُ الطَّيْرِ. (K, TA.) b5: اِمْرَأَةٌ خَافِضَةُ الصَّوْتِ, and الصَّوْتِ ↓ خَفِيضَةُ, (assumed tropical:) A woman low, soft, or gentle, in voice: (TA:) not clamorous and foul-tongued. (T, TA.) b6: عَيْشٌ خَافِضٌ: see خَفْضٌ, in two places. b7: أَرْضٌ خَافِضَةُ السُّقْيَا (assumed tropical:) Land easy of irrigation. (K.) The contr. is termed رَافِعَةُ السقيا. (TA.) b8: بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ لَيْلَةٌ خَافِضَةٌ (tropical:) Between me and thee is a night of easy journeying. (S, TA.) b9: قَوْمٌ خَافِضُونَ (assumed tropical:) A people, or company of men, remaining at a water: when going in search of pasture and of the places where rain has fallen, they are not so called. (IAar.) A2: خَافِضَةٌ A woman who circumcises girls. (S, A, Msb, K. *) And خَافِضٌ is sometimes applied to A man who circumcises boys. (TA.) خَافِضَةٌ, as a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: see خَفْضٌ, last signification.

مَخْفِضُ قَوْمٍ A place where a people are in a state of ease, or tranquillity; or in a plentiful and pleasant state of life. (TA.) b2: See also خَفْضٌ, in the latter part of the paragraph.

A2: مَخْفِضٌ also signifies The place of a girl where the operation of circumcision is performed. (Lh and Az, in TA, voce عُذْرَة.) مَخْفُوضٌ: see خَفْضٌ, in two places, in the latter part of the paragraph: and see خَفِيضٌ.

A2: مَخْفُوضةٌ A girl circumcised. (Mgh, Msb.) الحُرُوفُ المُنْخَفِضَةُ All the letters of the alphabet except غ ظ ط ض ص خ, and ق; (K;) which latter are called المُسْتَعْلِيَةُ. (TA.)