دبغ

1 دَبَغَ الإِهَابَ, (S, K,) or الجِلْدَ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ and دَبَغَ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and دَبْغٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. دَبْغٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and دِبَاغٌ (S, Mgh, K) and دِبَاغَةٌ, (S, K,) or the last is a subst. sometimes used as an inf. n., (Msb,) He tanned the hide, or skin; i. e., prepared it, or made it fit for use, and softened it, or made it pliable, with قَرَظ [q. v.] and the like. (TA.) It is said in a trad., دِبَاغُهَا طَهُورُهَا [The tanning thereof is the means of purification thereof]. (S, TA.) b2: See also دَبُوغٌ.7 اندبغ It (a hide, or skin,) was, or became, tanned; i. e., prepared, &c., with قَرَظ and the like; (TA;) quasi-pass. of 1. (S, Msb, K, TA.) جِلْدُ الخِنْزِيرِ لَا يَنْدَبِغُ [The skin of the pig will not become tanned] is a prov., said of him whom good advice will not profit. (TA.) دِبْغٌ: see دِبَاغٌ.

دَبْغَةٌ [in one of my copies of the S written دَبْغ] A single act of tanning. (S, * TA.) دِبْغَةٌ: see what next follows.

دِبَاغٌ Tan; [tanning-liquor, or ooze;] that with which one tans, (S, * Mgh, * Msb, * K, * TA,) i. e., prepares, or makes fit for use, and softens, or makes pliable, a hide, or skin, consisting of قَرَظ [q. v.] and the like; (TA;) as also ↓ دِبْغٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ دِبْغَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ دِبَاغَةٌ. (AHn, TA.) One says, الجِلْدُ فِى الدِّبَاغِ [The skin is in the tan, or tanning-liquor]. (S.) And نَقَعَهُ فِى الدِّبَاغِ [He soaked it in the tanning-liquor]. (K in art. منأ.) b2: [Hence,] دِبَاغٌ لِلْمَعِدَةِ [app. A stomachic]. (Lth and M and Msb voce طُرْثُوثٌ, q. v.) A2: Also an inf. n. of 1. (S, Mgh, K.) دَبُوغٌ (tropical:) Rain that puts the earth into a good state, and softens it, (الأَرْضَ ↓ يَدْبُغُ,) by its water. (IDrd, K, TA.) دَبِيغٌ, applied to a hide, i. q. ↓ مَدْبُوغٌ [i. e. Tanned]. (K.) دِبَاغَةٌ The craft of the دَبَّاغ [or tanner]. (Msb, K, TA.) b2: Also an inf. n. of 1, (S, K,) or a subst. sometimes used as an inf. n. of 1. (Msb.) A2: See also دِبَاغٌ.

دَبَّاغٌ A tanner. (Msb, * K, * TA.) دَابُوغٌ Anguria, or water-melon; in Pers\.

هِنْدُوَانَهْ (KL.) مَدْبَغَةٌ and مَدْبُغَةٌ A place where hides, or skins, are tanned. (T, * Msb, * K, * TA.) [Hence,] one says, هٰذَا البَلَدُ مَدْبَغَةُ الرِّجَالِ (tropical:) [This country is the place where men are tanned by the sun]. (TA.) b2: Also, the former, Skins put into the دِبَاغ [or tanning-liquor]: (Sgh, K:) or of which the tanning has been commenced: (Az, TA:) as though made a pl., (Sgh, TA,) like مَشْيَخَةٌ as syn. with مَشَائِخُ. (Sgh, K.) أُدُمٌ مُدَّبَغَةٌ [app. Hides, or skins, much tanned]. (TA.) مَدْبُوغٌ: see دَبِيغٌ. b2: [Hence,] هٰذَا كَلَامٌ غَيْرُ مَدْبُوغٍ (tropical:) This is speech in which nothing is meant. (TA.)

جردب

Q. 1 جَرْدَبَ [from جَرْدَبَانُ] He put his hand upon the food (K, TA) that was before him on the table, (TA,) in order that no other person might take it: (K, TA:) or he ate with his right hand, and prevented [others from eating] with his left hand: (IAar, K:) also, (K,) or جردب عَلَى الطَّعَامِ, (TA,) he ate greedily, gluttonously, or voraciously: (K, TA:) or جردب فِى الطَّعَامِ he put his left hand upon food that was before him on the table, in order that no other person might take it; as also جَرْدَمَ: (Yaakoob, S:) or جردب مَا فِى الإِنَآءِ he ate, and made an end of, devoured, or consumed, what was in the vessel; as also جردم [q. v.]. (Sh, TA.) جَرْدَبِىٌّ: see what next follows, in two places.

جَرْدَبَانٌ, an arabicized word, (S, K,) from the Persian, (S,) originally گِرْدَهْ بَانْ “guardian of the cake of bread,” (S, K,) and جُرْدُبَانٌ and ↓ جَرْدَبِىٌّ and ↓ مُجَرْدِبٌ, (K,) One who puts his hand, (K,) or who puts his left hand, (S,) upon food, (K,) or upon a thing that is before him on the table, (S,) in order that no other person may take it: (S, K:) or who eats with his right hand, and prevents [others from eating] with his left hand: and one who eats greedily, gluttonously, or voraciously: or the first and ↓ third signify, (K, TA,) or signify also, (tropical:) a spunger; (K, TA;) because of his greediness, gluttony, or voraciousness, and his boldness. (TA.) A poet says, (namely, ElGhanawee, TA voce جَرْدَبِيلٌ,) إِذَا مَا كُنْتَ فِى قَوْمٍ شَهَاوَى

فَلَا تَجْعَلْ شِمَالَكَ جَرْدَبَانَا [When thou art among a greedy company of men, put not thy left hand upon the food as a جردبان]: (Fr, S:) or the last word is جَرْدَبِيلَا, meaning, (accord. to Sh, as also جَرْدَبَان, TA voce جردبيل,) one that takes a fragment [of food] with his left hand, and eats with his right hand, and, when what the party have is consumed, eats what is in his left hand. (TA.) مُجَرْدِبٌ: see جَرْدَبَانٌ.

خدب

1 خَدَبَهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خَدْبٌ, (TA,) He smote him with a sword: (S, K:) or he cut him: (Az:) or he smote him with a sword, cutting the flesh, without cutting the bone: (T, K:) or he smote him on the head, (JK, K, * TA,) and the like, (JK, TA,) with a sword. (JK.) b2: خَدْبٌ signifies also The act of rending, or cutting open, the skin and the flesh together, (JK, S, TA.) with the canine tooth. (JK, TA.) b3: And The act of biting. (K.) You say, خَدَبَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ The serpent bit him. (S.) b4: and The act of lying, or saying what is untrue. (K.) You say, خَدَبَ He lied. (JK, S.) b5: And The act of milking much. (K.) 5 تخدّب He went a middling pace. (As, K.) خَدَبٌ Stupidity; (JK;) i. q. هَوَجٌ [which means the same; or tallness combined with stupidity; &c.]: (S, K:) and [simply] tallness, or length; (S, * K, TA;) as also ↓ خُدْبَةٌ. (TA.) One says, كَانَ بِنَعَامَةَ خَدَبٌ There was, in Na'ámeh, هَوَج [i. e. stupidity, &c.]: (S, TA:) Na'ámeh being the surname of Beyhes, (TA,) who became the subject of a prov. respecting the taking of blood-revenge: (K in art. بهس:) Beyhes El-Fezáree, surnamed En-Na'ámeh, [or simply Na'ámeh,] was one of seven brothers, who were slain [in a case of blood-revenge], except himself; he being left because of his stupidity; for which he became proverbial. (TA in art. بهس.) One says also, فِى لِسَانِهِ [He is long-tongued; lit.] in his tongue is length. (S.) b2: Also The act of making haste. (KL.) خَدِبٌ Cutting; or sharp: (IAar, K:) applied to a sword, and a spear-head, and a dog-tooth. (IAar.) A2: See also أَخْدَبُ, in three places.

خُدْبَةٌ: see خَدَبٌ.

وَقَعُوا فِى وَادِى خَدِبَاتٍ [They fell into the valley of Khadibát]: a prov., applied to a man who falls into perdition; or to one who misses the object of his aim, or pursuit: (As, K: *) see, respecting it, [جَذَبَات, in] art. جذب. (TA.) خَدِبٌّ An old man. (A, K.) Great, big, or bulky; (S, A, K;) applied to a man, (S,) or to an ostrich, &c.; (K;) fem. with ة, applied to a girl: (S:) great, and thick or coarse or rude [in make]: (TA:) big in the sides: (Ham p. 439:) big and strong; applied to an old man: (JK:) a man, and a camel, perfect and strong in make: (A:) a camel strong and hardy (A, K, TA) and big. (TA.) خَادِبَةٌ, (JK, TA,) or شَجَّةٌ خَادِبَةٌ, (TA,) A severe wound breaking the head. (JK, TA.) خَيْدَبٌ, (S, K,) or ↓ خَيْدَبَةٌ, (JK,) A conspicuous road: (JK, S, K:) so says Esh-Sheybánee. (S.) b2: And the latter, A way of acting or conduct: so in the saying, فُلَانٌ عَلَى خَيْدَبَةٍ

صَالِحَةٍ [Such a one is following a good, righteous, or just, way of acting or conduct]. (TA.) b3: Opinion, judgment, or counsel: (K:) so in the saying, تَرَكْتُهُ وَخَيْدَبَتَهُ [I forsook him and his counsel]. (TA.) b4: One's first, or original, affair, concern, or business: (Az, JK, S, K:) so in the saying, أَقْبِلْ عَلَى خَيْدَبَتِكَ [Apply thyself to thy first, or thine original, affair, &c.] (Az, JK, S.) خَيْدَبَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَخْدَبُ (S, K) and ↓ خَدِبٌ (JK) and ↓ مُتَخَدِّبٌ (S, K,) applied to a man, (JK, S,) Stupid; (JK;) characterized by هَوَج [i. e. stupidity, or tallness combined with stupidity, &c.]; (S, K;) and [simply] by tallness: (K: [in which أَخْدَبُ is said to be syn. with طَوِيلٌ:]) fem. [of the first], applied to a woman, خَدْبَآءُ: (S:) and the first, one who cannot restrain himself, by reason of stupidity: (TA:) and the same, (K,) or ↓ خَدِبٌ, (JK,) one who goes his own way, at random, or heedlessly, without any certain aim or object, or without consideration, not obeying a guide to the right course, (JK, K, TA,) by reason of ignorance, (JK,) or from boldness. (TA.) b2: Also [the fem.] خَدْبَآMُ, applied to any [she-] animal, That is wont to wound, and kill, and seize its prey and break its neck. (IAar.) And حَرْبَةٌ خَدْبَآءُ and ↓ خَدِبَةٌ [A dart, or javelin,] that inflicts a wide wound. (K.) And طَعْنَةٌ خَدْبَآءُ, (S,) and ضَرْبَةٌ خَدْبَآءُ, (K,) [A thrust, and a blow,] with which the جَوْف [or belly, &c.,] is assaulted: (S, K:) or the former, a wide thrust or wound with a spear or the like: and the latter, a continuous and long act of beating. (TA.) b3: And دِرْعٌ خَدْبَآءُ A coat of mail that is smooth, or pliable, (لَيِّنَةٌ, JK, S, K,) and (so in the JK, but in the K “ or ” ) wide. (JK, K.) مُتَخَدِّبٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

علم الأدب
هو علم يحترز به عن الخطأ في كلام العرب: لفظا، وخطا.
قال المولى أبو الخير: اعلم: أن فائدة التخاطب والمحاورات في إفادة العلوم واستفادتها، لما لم تتبين للطالبين إلا بالألفاظ وأحوالها، كان ضبط أحوالها مما اعتنى به العلماء، فاستخرجوا من أحوالها علوما انقسم أنواعها إلى اثني عشر قسما، وسموها: (بالعلوم الأدبية)، لتوقف أدب الدرس عليها بالذات، وأدب النفس بالواسطة وبالعلوم العربية أيضا، لبحثهم عن الألفاظ العربية فقط، لوقوع شريعتنا التي هي أحسن الشرائع، وأولاها على أفضل اللغات، وأكملها ذوقا ووجدانا. انتهى.
واختلفوا في أقسامه.
فذكر ابن الأنباري في بعض تصانيفه أنها ثمانية.
وقسم الزمخشري في (القسطاس) إلى: اثني عشر قسما.
كما أورده العلامة الجرجاني في (شرح المفتاح).
وذكر القاضي: زكريا، في (حاشية البيضاوي) : أنها أربعة عشر، وعد منها: علم القراءات.
قال: وقد جمعت حدودها في مصنف، سميته: (اللؤلؤ النظيم، في روم التعلم والتعليم).
لكن يرد عليه: أن موضوع العلوم الأدبية: كلام العرب، وموضوع القراءات: كلام الله.
ثم إن السيد والسعد: تنازعا في الاشتقاق، هل هو مستقل كما يقوله السيد؟ أو من تتمة علم التصريف كما يقوله السعد؟
وجعل السيد البديع من تتمة البيان.
والحق: ما قال السيد في (الاشتقاق)، لتغاير الموضوع بالحيثية المعتبرة.
وللعلامة، الحفيد، مناقشة في التعريف والتقسيم، أوردها في موضوعاته، حيث قال: وأما علم الأدب فعلم يحترز به عن الخلل في كلام العرب لفظا أو كتابة.
وهاهنا بحثان:
الأول: أن كلام العرب بظاهره لا يتناول القرآن، وبعلم الأدب يحترز عن خلله أيضا، إلا أن يقال المراد بكلام العرب: كلام يتكلم العرب على أسلوبه.
الثاني: أن السيد - رحمه الله تعالى - قال: لعلم الأدب أصول وفروع:
أما الأصول: فالبحث فيها، إما عن: المفردات من حيث جواهرها، وموادها، وهيئاتها، فعلم اللغة.
أو من حيث: صورها وهيئاتها فقط، فعلم الصرف.
أو من حيث: انتساب بعضها ببعض بالأصالة والفرعية، فعلم الاشتقاق.
وأما عن المركبات على الإطلاق، فإما باعتبار هيئاتها التركيبية وتأديتها لمعانيها الأصلية، فعلم النحو.
وأما باعتبار إفادتها لمعان مغايرة لأصل المعنى، فعلم المعاني.
وأما باعتبار كيفية تلك الإفادة في مراتب الوضوح، فعلم البيان.
وعلم البديع، ذيل لعلمي: المعاني والبيان، داخل تحتهما.
وأما عن المركبات الموزونة، فإما من حيث: وزنها، فعلم العروض.
أو من حيث: أواخرها، فعلم القوافي.
وأما الفروع: فالبحث فيها، إما أن يتعلق بنقوش الكتابة، فعلم الخط.
أو يختص بالمنظوم، فالعلم المسمى: (بقرض الشعر). أو بالنثر، فعلم الإنشاء.
أو لا يختص بشيء، فعلم المحاضرات، ومنه: التواريخ.
قال الحفيد: هذا منظور فيه.
فأورد النظر بثمانية أوجه، حاصلها: أنه يدخل بعض العلوم في المقسم دون الأقسام، ويخرج بعضها منه مع أنه مذكور فيه، وإن جعل التاريخ واللغة علما مدونا لمشكل، إذ ليس مسائل كلية، وجواب الأخير مذكور فيه، ويمكن الجواب عن الجميع أيضا بعد التأمل الصادق.