نهر

1 نَهَرَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) It (water) ran upon, or along, the ground, (S, TA,) and made for itself a نَهْر [or channel like that of a river]. (S.) See also 10. b2: It (anything, as in one copy of the S, or anything copious, as in another copy of the S and in the TA) ran, or flowed; (S, TA;) as also ↓ استنهر, (S,) or ↓ انتهر. (TA.) b3: It (blood) flowed with force: (Msb:) and ↓ أَنْهَرَ it (blood) flowed (K, TA) like a river: (TA:) and the latter also, it (a vein) flowed and would not stop; (K, TA;) meaning, it flowed like a river; (TA;) as also ↓ انتهر: (Sgh, K, TA:) and ↓ انهر also signifies the same said of the belly; (TA;) or it (the belly) became loose, or relaxed; or it discharged itself; (JK;) as also ↓ انتهر. (JK, K.) A2: نَهَرَ, (S, K.) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَهْرٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S) dug a نَهْر [or channel for a river]: (S, TA:) he made a نَهْر [or river] to run, or flow. (K, TA.) A3: نَهرَ, inf. n. نَهْرٌ, He made an inroad or incursion, or inroads or incursions, into the territory or territories of enemies, in the day-time. (TA.) A4: نَهَرَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ inf. n. نَهْرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ انتهرهُ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.;) He chid him; he checked him, restrained him, or forbade him, with rough speech; syn. زَجَرَهُ, (Mgh, Msb, K, and so in a copy of the S,) or زَبَرَهُ, (as in another copy of the S,) بِكَلَامٍ غَلِيظٍ: (Mgh:) be addressed him with chiding speech, (JK, A,) forbidding him from doing evil. (JK. [in the TA, citing the last explanation from the T, عَنْ خَيْرٍ is erroneously put for عَنْ شَرٍّ.]) It is said in the Kur, [xciii. 10,] وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ [And as for the beggar, thou shalt not chide him, or address him with rough speech]. And in a trad., مَنِ انْتَهَرَ صَاحِبَ بِدْعَةٍ مَلَأَ اللّٰهُ قَلْبَهُ أَمْنًا وِإِيمَانًا وَأَمَّنَهُ اللّٰهُ مِنَ الفَزَعِ الْأَكْبَر [Whoso chideth, or checketh with rough speech, the author of an innovation in religion, God will fill his heart with security and faith, and God will preserve him from the greatest terror]. (TA.) 4 انهر: see 1. in three places.

A2: (tropical:) He made blood to flow: (S:) or to appear and flow: (K:) or to flow amply and copiously: (Mgh:) or to flow with force: (Msb:) or he poured it forth copiously. (TA.) It is said in a trad., أَنْهِرِ الدَّمَ بِمَا شِئْتَ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ سِنِّ أَوْ ظُفُرٍ [Make thou the blood to flow, &c., with what thou pleasest, except with what is made of a tooth or a talon.] (Mgh, Msb.) The issuing forth of the blood from the place of slaughter is likened to the flowing of water in a river. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He made it wide; (S, K;) namely, a spear-wound or the like, (S, TA,) or a نَهْر [or channel of a river], as is implied in the K, but in other lexicons as in the S. (TA.) A3: He was, or became, in day-time: (S, * K, * TA:) he entered upon day-time: (MS:) from النَّهَارُ. (S.) 8 إِنْتَهَرَ see 1, in five places.10 إِسْتَنْهَرَ see 1. b2: It (a river [in the CK النَّهْرَ is put by mistake for النَّهْرُ]) took a place, (JK,) or a settle place, (K,) for its channel. (JK, K.) b3: It (a thing) became wide. (S.) نَهْرٌ and ↓ نَهَرٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) A channel in which water runs: (A, K:) so most say: or the water itself [that runs therein; i. e., a river; a rivulet; a brook; a canal of running water]: (TA:) or a wide channel in which water runs: originally, the water [that runs therein]: (Mgh:) or properly, wide running water: and by a secondary application, which is tropical. (tropical:) the trench or channel [in which it runs]: (Msb, TA *:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْهُرٌ, (Msb, K,) a pl. of the former, (Msb,) and أَنْهَارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) a pl. of the latter, (Msb,) [but used as a pl. of either, both of pauc. and of mult. and the most common of all the pls.,] and نُهُرٌ, (Msb, and so in some copies of the K,) with two dammehs, a pl. of the former, (Msb,) or نُهْرٌ, (as in some copies of the K and in the TA,) and نُهُورٌ, (IAar, K.) You say, جَرَى النَّهْرُ [The river ran, or flowed]; like as you say, جَرَى المِيزَابُ. (Msb.) And نَهْرٌ كَثِير المَآءِ [A channel of running water having much water]. (A.) And ↓ نَهَرٌ is also used in a pl. sense: as in the Kur, [liv. 54], فِى جَنَّاتٍ وَنَهَرٍ [In gardens and among rivers], i. e., أَنْهَارِ; like the phrase in the Kur, (same chap. verse 45,] وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبْرَ, (Fr, S.) meaning الأَدْبَارَ, (Fr, TA:) but it is otherwise explained. (S.) See نَهَرٌ below.

نَهَرٌ: see نَهْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Amplitude: (K:) or light and amplitude: so, accord. to some, in the Kur, liv. 54, differently explained above: see نَهْرٌ, (S, TA.) or, accord. to Th, نَهَر is a pl. [or rather quasi pl.] of نُهُرٌ, which is a pl. of نهَارٌ. (TA.) نَهِرٌ Much, (TA;) as also ↓ نَهيرٌ; (K, TA;) both applied to water. (TA.) b2: A wide نَهْر [or river, or channel in which water runs]. (K.) A2: رَخُلٌ نَهِرٌ A man of day-time; syn. صَاحِبُ نَهَارٍ; (S, K;) who makes inroads or incursions into the territories of enemies therein: (S:) or who works therein: (A:) a kind of rel. n.; as is shown by the ex.

لَسْتُ بِلَيْلِىٍّ وَلٰكِنِّى نهِرٌ لَا أُدْلِجُ اللَّيْلَ وَلٰكِنْ أَبْتَكِرْ [I am not one of the night-time, but I am one of the day-time; I do not journey in the night, but I go forth early in the morning]: as though he said ↓ نَهَارِىّ. (Sb.) The verse is correctly related as above; not as it is given in the S. (IB.) b2: See also أَنْهَرُ.

نَهَارٌ Day; or day-time; contr. of لَيْلٌ: (S, TA:) or broad daylight, (Mgh,) from sunrise to sunset: (Mgh, Msb, K:) this is the original signification: (TA;) or this is the signification in the vulgar conventional language: but in the classical language it signifies the time from the rising of the dawn to sunset: (Msb:) or the light between the rising of the dawn and sunset: (K:) and so accord. to the lawyers: (TA:) in the trads., it is the whiteness of the نهار, and the blackness of the ليل; and there is nothing intervening between the ليل and the نهار: but sometimes the Arabs amplified, and applied نهار to the time from the clear shining of the dawn to the setting [of the sun]: (Msb.) or (so accord. to the TA. but in some copies of the K, and the spreading of the light [which is a cause] of sight and its dispersion: (K:) in this explanation in the L, in the place of وَافْتِرَاقُهُ we find وَاجْتِمَاعُهُ [and its collecting together]: (TA:) it is also syn. with يَوْمٌ; and is so when used without restriction in the non-fundamental sciences of religion, (الفُرُوع,) as in the phrases صُمْ نَهَارًا [fast thou a day] and إِعْمَلْ نَهَارًا [work thou a day]: and it may be so used, or in its proper classical sense, when prefixed to يَوْم, governing the latter in the gen. case: (Msb:) it has no proper dual, (Mgh, Msb,) and no proper pl., (S, Mgh, Msb, K, (like عَذَابٌ and سَرَابٌ; (S, K;) the former of which, however, has a pl. assigned to it [by Zj and] in the K, namely, أَعْذِبَةٌ; (MF;) [and respecting the latter see شَرَابٌ, with ش;] [for] نهار is a name applied to every يَوْم [or day]; and لَيْلٌ, to every لَيْلَة [or night]: one does not say نَهَارٌ وَنَهَارَانِ, nor لَيْلٌ وَلَيْلَانِ: but the sing. of نهار is يَوْمٌ (TA.) and the dual, يَوْمَانِ, (Msb, TA:) and the pl., أَيَّامٌ. (Msb:) and the contr. of يوْمٌ is لَيْلَةٌ, so says Az, on the authority of AH(??) (TA:) or it has pls.: namely, أَنْهُرٌ, (IAar, S, K,) a pl. of pauc., (S,) in some lexicons أَنْهِرَةٌ, (TA,) also a pl. of pauc.,] and نُهُرٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) a pl. of mult. (S) [See also نَهَرٌ.] Ibn-Keys(??) cites the following ex., لَوْلَا الثَّرِيدَان لَمُتْنَا بِالضُّمُرْ ثَرِيدُ لَيْلٍ وَثرِيدٌ بِالنَّهُرْ [Were it not for the two thereeds (or messes of crumbled bread moistened with broth), we had died of leanness: the thereed of night, and thereed in the day-times]. (S.) نَهِيرٌ: see نَهِرٌ.

نَهَارِىٌّ: see نَهِرٌ. b2: Food that is eaten in the beginning of the day. (TA.) نَهَارٌ أَنْهَرُ, and ↓ نَهرٌ, [A bright day:] in each of these phrases the epithet has an intensive effect, (K, * TA,) as the epithet in لَيْلٌ أَلْيَلُ. (TA.) مَنْهَرٌ The place of a river. (T, TA.) b2: A place which the water hollows out in a نَهْر [or channel of a river]. (K.) b3: A cleft, (K, TA,) or hole, (TA,) in a fortress, passing through [the wall], whence water runs. (K, TA,) or by which water enters: (TA:) pl. مَنَاهِرُ. (TA.)

نهش

1 نَهَشَهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَهْشٌ, (S,) i. q. نَهَسَهُ; (S, K;) i. e. He took it with his mouth to bite it and make a mark upon it without wounding it: [&c.:] (TA:) or he took it (namely flesh or flesh-meat) with his fore teeth: (S:) and so accord. to some, ↓ انتهشهُ. (S.) And It [a serpent or scorpion] bit him; or stung him; syn. لَسَعَهُ: (K:) you say, نَهَشَتُهُ الحَيَّةُ the serpent bit him. (S.) And He (a dog, TA) bit him, or it; (K;) as also نَهَسَهُ. (TA.) Or He took it with his [teeth that are called]

أَصْرَاس: whereas نَهَسَهُ signifies he took it with the extremities of the teeth: (K:) or نَهْشٌ is less then نَهْسٌ; the latter signifying the taking, or reaching, with the mouth; but the former, the taking, or reaching, from a distance, like the نهش of the serpent. (Lth, TA.) [For other observations on these two verbs, see art. نهس.] b2: نَهَشَهُ الدَّهْرُ فَاحْتَاجَ (IAar, S, K) (tropical:) Time, or fortune, bit him, so that he became in want. (TA.) b3: نَهَشَتْ وَجْهَهَا She (a woman) seized the flesh of her face with her nails. (TA.) b4: نَهَشَهُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) He, or it, harassed, distressed, fatigued, or wearied him. (IAth.) b5: نُهِشَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He became emaciated, or lean: and أَعْضَادُنَا ↓ أُنْتُهِشَتْ (assumed tropical:) our arms from the elbow upwards became emaciated: (TA:) and نُهِشَتْ عَضُدَاهُ (assumed tropical:) his arms from the elbow upwards became slender, (ISh, K, [but in the CK دُقَّتا is put by mistake for دَقَّتَا]) and their flesh became little. (ISh.) 8 إِنْتَهَشَ see 1, in the first and last sentences.

نَهْشٌ: see مَنُهُوشٌ.

نَهِشٌ: see مَنْهُوشٌ, in five places. b2: As an epithet applied to a camel, i. q. نَمِشٌ, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) as explained in art. نمش. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) نَهِيشٌ: see مَنْهُوشٌ.

مَنْهُوشٌ (assumed tropical:) A man harassed. distressed, fatigued, or wearied: (S, IAth, K:) (tropical:) bitten by time, or fortune, so as to be in want, (IAar, S, K, TA,) (assumed tropical:) and emaciated, or lean: or having little flesh, even if fat: or light; as also ↓ نَهْشٌ and ↓ نَهِشٌ and ↓ نَهِيشٌ. (TA.) Applied to the pudendum muliebre, (assumed tropical:) Having little flesh; as also ↓ نَهِشٌ. (TA.) And in like manner, مَنْهُوشُ الفَخِذَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) Emaciated, or lean, in the thighs. (TA.) and مَنْهُوشُ القَدَمَيْن (assumed tropical:) A man having little flesh upon the feet. (IAar, K.) And اليَدَيْنِ ↓ نَهِشُ (tropical:) A man, (TA,) or a beast of carriage, (S,) light in the arms, or fore legs; (S, K, TA;) as though from الحَيَّةِ ↓ نَهْشُ: (S:) and so ↓ نَهِشُ القَوَائِمِ (tropical:) light in the legs, (K, TA,) in passing along, and having little flesh upon them; (TA;) as also ↓ نَهِشُ المُشَاشِ. (S * TA.) [But see also مُشَاشٌ.]

مُنْتَهِشَةٌ A woman scratching her face in affairtion or misfortune. (K, TA.) Such Mohammad cursed. (TA.)

طَبَرَك:
بفتح أوله وثانيه والراء، وآخره كاف:
قلعة على رأس جبيل بقرب مدينة الريّ على يمين القاصد إلى خراسان وعن يساره جبل الريّ الأعظم وهو متصل بــخراب الريّ، خرّبها السلطان طغرل ابن أرسلان بن طغرل بن محمد بن ملك شاه بن أرسلان بن داود بن سلجوق في سنة 588، وكان السبب في ذلك أن خوارزم شاه تكش بن أرسلان قدم العراق واستولى على الريّ وملك هذه القلعة، فلما عزم على العود إلى خوارزم رتب فيها أميرا من قبله يقال له طمغاج في نحو ألفي فارس من الخوارزمية وحصّنها بالأموال والذخائر ولم يترك مجهودا في ذلك، وكان طغرل معتقلا في قلعة فخلّص في السنة المذكورة واجتمع إليه العساكر وقصد الريّ فهرب منه فتلغ إيتاخ بن البهلوان وكتب إلى خوارزم شاه يستنجده ونزل على الريّ وملكها ثم نزل محاصرا لطبرك فاتفق أن الأمير طمغاج مات في ذلك الوقت فضعفت قلوب الخوارزمية وطلبوا من طغرل أن يخرجوا من القلعة بأموالهم ويسلموها، فقال: أما الذخائر والسلاح فلا أمكّن أحدا من إخراجها ولكن أموالكم لكم، فخرجوا على ذلك الشرط، واتفق أن مملوكا لطغرل كان قد هرب والتجأ إلى الخوارزمية فخرج في هذا الوقت معهم فأمسكه أصحاب طغرل وقالوا: هذا مملوكنا، وامتنع الخوارزمية من تسليمه، فتناوشوا وتكاثر عليهم أصحاب طغرل وأهل الريّ فأوقعوا بهم وقتلوهم قتلا شنيعا وملك طغرل طبرك، فأحضر أمراءه فقال: بأي شيء تشبهون هذه القلعة؟ فجعل كل واحد يقول برأيه، فقال: ما منكم من أصاب في وصفها، هي تشبه حية ذات رأسين واحد في العراق وآخر بخراسان، فهي تفتح فمها الواحد إلى هؤلاء فتأكلهم وفمها الآخر إلى هؤلاء فتأكلهم، وقد رأيت في الرأي أن أخرّبها، فنهوه وقالوا له: اصعد إليها وانظرها ثم افعل ما بدا لك، فقال: إن جماعة من ملوكها هموا بــخرابــها ثم يرونها فلا تطيب قلوبهم بــخرابــها وأنا فلا أراها ولا بد من خرابــها، وأمر بنقل ما فيها من السلاح وآلة الحرب، فلما نقل أمر أهل الريّ بنهب ما فيها من الذخائر فبقي أهل الري ينهبون ذخائرها عدة أيام فلما فرغت قال لهم: يا من نهب خرّب، فأعملوا المعاول فيها حتى دحضوها، فقيل إنه بقي نحو سنة كلما مرّ بها يقول: هذا يجب أن يخرب ما كان يبقى منها، فما زال حتى جعلها أرضا، وذلك في سنة 588، ونسب إلى طبرك أبو معين الحسين بن الحسن، ويقال: محمد بن الحسين، سمع بدمشق هشام بن عمار، وبمصر سعيد بن الحكم بن أبي بكر بن نعيم بن حماد ويحيى بن بكير، وبالشام أبا توبة الربيع بن نافع الحلبي، وبغيرها أبا سلمة موسى ابن إسماعيل وأحمد بن عبد الله بن يونس اليربوعي ومنصور بن أبي مزاحم، روى عنه أبو عبد الله محمد ابن أحمد بن مسعود البزتيني وأبو يعقوب يوسف بن إبراهيم الهمذاني وأحمد بن جشمرد ومحمد بن الفضل المحمّدآباذي وأبو عمران موسى بن العباس ومحمد الجويني وأبو نعيم عبد الملك بن محمد بن عديّ الجرجاني وأبو محمد الشيرجي، وقال الحافظ أبو عبد الله الحاكم:
أبو معين من كبار حفاظ الحديث.

دعو

1 دَعَوْتُ and دَعَيْتُ signify the same: (Fr, K and TA in art. دعى:) the aor. of the former is أَدْعُو, (TA in that art.,) sec. Pers\. fem. sing.

تَدْعِينَ and تَدْعُوِينَ and تَدٌعُيْنَ, the last with an inclination to the sound of a dammeh in the vowel of the ع [so that it is between a kesreh and a dammeh], and sec. Pers\. masc. and fem. pl. تَدْعُونَ: (S, TA:) aor. of the latter verb أَدْعِى: inf. n. دُعَآءٌ. (TA in art. دعى.) دُعَآءٌ [generally] signifies [or implies] The act of seeking, desiring, asking, or demanding. (KT.) b2: You say, دَعَا اللّٰهَ, (K,) first Pers\. دَعَوْتُ, aor. ـْ (Msb,) inf. n. دُعَآءٌ (Msb, K) and دَعْوَى, (K,) in which latter the alif [written ى] is to denote the fem. gender, [and therefore the word is without tenween,] (TA,) He prayed to God, supplicated Him, or petitioned Him humbly, (Msb, K, TA,) desiring to obtain some good that He had to bestow. (Msb, TA.) And دَعَوْتُ اللّٰهَ لَهُ [I prayed to God for him]; and عَلَيْهِ [against him]; inf. n. دُعَآءٌ: (S:) [and دَعَوْتُ لَهُ I prayed for him, or blessed him; and دَعَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ I prayed against him, or cursed him:] and دَعَوْتُ لَهُ بِخَيْرٍ [I supplicated for him good]; and دَعَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِشَرٍّ [I imprecated upon him evil]. (TA.) b3: دَعَا بِالكِتَابِ He desired, or required, or requested, that the writing, or book, should be brought. (TA.) And دَعَا أَنْفُهُ الطِّيبَ His nose, perceiving its odour, desired the perfume. (TA.) b4: [Hence,] دَعَا بِهِ, said of anything in the earth, means It needed it; or required it: [and so دَعَا إِلَيْهِ: one says of a wall, دَعَا إِلَى إِصْلَاحِهِ It needed, or required, its being repaired: (see 10 in art. رم:) and] one says to him whose clothes have become old and worn out, قَدْ دَعَتْ ثِيَابُكَ [Thy clothes have become such as to need thy putting on others; or] thou hast become in need of putting on other clothes. (Aboo-'Adnán, TA.) [See also 10.] b5: دَعَوْتُهُ, (S, MA, Mgh, Msb,) and دَعَوْتُ بِهِ, (MA, [and of frequent occurrence,]) inf. n. [دُعَآءٌ and] دَعْوٌ, (TA, [but the former is more common,]) also signify I called him, called out to him, or summoned him, (S, MA, Mgh, Msb,) syn. نَادَيْتُهُ, (Mgh, Msb,) or الدُّعَآءُ is to the near and النِّدَآءُ is to the distant, (Kull p. 184,) and desired him to come, to come forward, or to advance; (Msb;) and ↓ اِسْتَدْعَيْتُهُ signifies the same, (S, MA,) [i. e.] I called him to myself. (MA.) One says, دَعَا المُؤَذِّنُ النَّاسَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ [The مؤذّن called the people to prayer]. (Msb.) And the saying of En-Nahdee كُنَّا نَدْعُو وَنَدَعُ means We used to call, or invite, them to ElIslám at one time, and to leave doing so at another time. (Mgh.) And دَعَوْتُ النَّاسَ, (Msb,) inf. n. دُعَآءٌ and دَعْوَةٌ, (S,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) and مَدْعَاةٌ, (S, [app. there mentioned as an inf. n., agreeably with many other instances,]) means also I invited people to eat with me, or at my abode. (Msb.) b6: [Hence,] مَا دَعَاكَ إِلَى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ What drew, led, induced, or caused, and constrained, or drove, thee to do this thing? (TA.) And دَعَانَا غَيْثٌ وَقَعَ بِبَلَدٍ قَدْ أَمْرَعَ, i. e. [Rain that fell in a region which had become abundant in herbage invited us thither, or] was the cause of our seeking its herbage. (TA.) And يَدْعُومَا بَعْدَهُ, (S, Mgh, K, *) or يَدْعُومَا وَرَآءَهُ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ, (Nh, TA,) [It draws, or attracts, what is to come after it, of the milk,] said of some milk left in the udder. (S, Nh, Mgh, K, TA.) And دَعَاهُ إِلَى الأَمِيرِ He drove him, or urged him to go, [but more commonly meaning he summoned him,] to the prince, or commander. (K, * TA. [In the TK, الى الأَمْرِ to the thing, or affair.]) b7: [Hence likewise,] الدُّعَآءُ signifies also The calling to one's aid: thus, [in the Kur ii. 21,] وَادْعُوا شُهَدَآءَكُمْ meansAnd call ye to your aid [your helpers]. (TA.) b8: And دَعَا المَيِّتَ He called upon the dead, praising him, and saying, Alas for such a one! or he wailed for, wept for, or deplored the loss of, the dead, and enumerated his good qualities and actions; as though he called him. (TA. [See also 5.]) b9: And دَعَوْتُهُ زَيْدًا and بِزَيْدٍ (tropical:) I called him, i. e. named him, Zeyd. (Msb, K, TA.) And دَعَوْتُهُ بِابْنِ زَيْدٍ (assumed tropical:) I called him, i. e. asserted him to be, the son of Zeyd. (Msb.) b10: دَعَاهُ اللّٰهُ (assumed tropical:) God destroyed him: [as though He called him away:] whence تَدْعُو مَنْ أَدْبَرَ وَتَوَلَّى, in the Kur lxx. 17, [describing the fire of Hell,] (assumed tropical:) It shall destroy him who shall have gone back from the truth and turned away from obedience: or this means (tropical:) it shall draw, and bring, &c.: or it refers to the زَبَانِيَة of Hell [i. e. the tormentors of the damned]: (Bd:) or it means (assumed tropical:) it will do to them hateful deeds. (TA.) [Also] God punished him, or tormented him. (TA.) and دَعَاهُ اللّٰهُ بِمَكْرُوهٍ (tropical:) God caused an evil, or abominable, event to befall him. (ISd, Z, K.) b11: دَعَا فِى الضَّرْعِ (tropical:) He left some milk, such as is termed دَاعِيَة, in the udder. (M, K, TA.) Accord. to IAth, دَاعِيَةٌ is an inf. n., like عَاقِبَةٌ and عَافِيَةٌ. (TA.) 3 مُدَاعَاةٌ signifies (tropical:) The proposing an enigma or enigmas to a person; or the contending with another in doing so; syn. مُحَاجَاةٌ. (S, K, TA.) You say, دَاعَيْتُهُ (tropical:) I proposed to him an enigma or enigmas; &c. (TA.) A poet says, أُدَاعِيكَ مَا مُسْتَصْحَبَاتٌ مَعَ السُّرَى حِسَانٌ وَمَا آثَارُهَا بِحِسَانِ [(assumed tropical:) I propose to thee an enigma: What are things that are taken as companions in night-journeying, good, and the effects whereof are not good?]: meaning swords. (S.) b2: And The asking a thing of one much, so as to weary; as also مُحَاجَاةٌ. (K.) b3: دَاعَيْنَا الحَائِطَ عَلَيْهِمْ (tropical:) We pulled down, or demolished, the wall upon them, from the sides [or foundations] thereof. (K, * TA.) b4: [Golius assigns other significations to دَاعَى, for which I find no authority: namely, “Convocavit ad Deum propheta, præco sacer,” followed by an accus.: and “ Contendit contra alium: Provocavit: pecul. rem vindicans sibi vel arrogans. ”]4 أَدْعَاهُ [so in some copies of the K; in other copies ↓ اِدَّعَاهُ; the former of which I regard as the right reading;] He made him to assert his relationship as a son [for يُدْعَى, in my copies of the K, I read ↓ يَدَّعِى, syn. with يَعْتَزِى,] to one who was not his father. (K.) [SM, who appears to have read ↓ اِدَّعَاهُ, says that it is like اِسْتَلْحَقَهُ and اِسْتَلَاطَهُ.]5 التَّدَعِّى [inf. n. of تَدَعَّتْ] signifies The تَطْرِيب [or singing, or quavering or trilling and prolonging of the voice, or prolonging and modulating of the voice,] of a woman wailing for the dead. (TA. [See دَعَا المَيِّتَ, above.]) 6 التَّدَاعِى signifies The calling, summoning, or convoking, one another. (Mgh.) You say, تَدَاعَوْ لِلْحَرْبِ [They called, summoned, or convoked, one another for war: and hence,] (assumed tropical:) they prepared themselves for war. (TA.) And تَدَاعَوْا عَلَيْهِ, (Msb, K,) or عَلَى بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (T, M,) They collected themselves together, (K,) or called one another so that they assembled together, (M,) or leagued together, and called one another to mutual aid, (T, Msb, *) against him, (Msb, K,) or against the sons of such a one. (T, M.) and تَدَاعَى عَلَيْهِ العَدُوُّ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ (assumed tropical:) The enemy advanced against him from every side. (K, * TA.) b2: [Hence,] تَدَاعَتِ السَّحَابَةُ بِالبَرْقِ وَالرَّعْدِ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ (assumed tropical:) The cloud lightened and thundered from every quarter. (TA.) And تَدَاعَى البُنْيَانُ, (Mgh, Msb,) or البِنَآءُ, (TA,) (tropical:) The building cracked in its sides, (Msb,) or became much broken, (TA,) and gave notice of falling to ruin: (Msb, TA:) or cracked in several places, without falling; and in like manner, تَدَاعَتِ الحِيطَانُ, (Mgh,) the walls cracked in several places, without falling: (Mgh, K: *) and تَدَاعَتِ الحِيطَانُ لِلْــخَرَابِ the walls fell to ruin by degrees; syn. تَهَادَمَت: (S:) [but Mtr says,] تَدَاعَتْ إِلَى الــخَرَابِ is a vulgar phrase; not [genuine] Arabic. (Mgh.) And تداعى said of a sand-hill, (assumed tropical:) It, being put in notion, or shaken in its lower part, poured down. (Msb.) And [hence,] تَدَاعَتْ إِبِلُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) (tropical:) The camels of such a one became broken by emaciation. (TA.) b3: تَدَاعَوْ بِالأَلْقَابِ They called one another by surnames, or nicknames. (Msb.) b4: التَّدَاعِى also signifies (assumed tropical:) The trying one another with an enigma or enigmas; or contending, one with another, in proposing an enigma or enigmas; syn. التَّحَاجِى. (TA in art. حجو.) You say, بَيْنَهُمْ أُدْعِيَّةٌ يَتَدَاعُوْنَ بِهَا (assumed tropical:) [Between them is an enigma with which they try one another; or by proposing which they contend, one with another]. (S, K. *) b5: يَتَدَاعَوْنَ فَصْلَ الخِطَابِ (assumed tropical:) They compete, one with another, [as though each one challenged the others,] in discoursing of the science of chasteness of speech, and eloquence. (Har p. 446.) b6: See also 8, in two places.

A2: [It is also used transitively:] you say, تَدَاعَوُا القَوْمَ They [together] called the people. (Mgh in art. نقض. [See 6 in that art.]) 7 اندعى i. q. أَجَابَ. (K.) Akh heard one or more of the Arabs say, لَوْدَعَوْنَا لَانْدَعَيْنَا, meaning لَأَجُبْنَا [i. e. Had they called us, &c., we had certainly answered, or replied, or assented, or consented]. (S.) 8 اِدَّعَى He asserted a thing to be his, or to belong to him, or to be due to him, either truly or falsely: (K, * TA:) he claimed a thing; laid claim to it; or demanded it for himself: and he desired a thing; or wished for it. (Msb.) and اِدَّعَوُا الشَّىْءَ and الشىء ↓ تَدَاعَوُا signify the same [i. e. They claimed the thing, every one of them for himself]. (Mgh.) You say, اِدَّعَيْتُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ كَذَا [I asserted myself to have a claim upon such a one for such a thing; preferred a claim against such a one for such a thing; or claimed of such a one such a thing]. (S.) And اِدَّعَى زَيْدٌ عَلَى عَمْرو مَالًا [Zeyd asserted himself to have a claim upon 'Amr for property; or preferred a claim against 'Amr &c.]. (Mgh.) And اِدَّعَيْتَ عَلَىَّ مَا لَمْ أَفْعَلْ [Thou hast asserted against me, or charged against me, or accused me of, that which I have not done]. (S and K in art. شرب, and S in art. اكل.) هٰذَا الَّذِى كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تَدَّعُونَ, in the Kur [lxvii. 27], means This is that on account of which ye used to assert vain and false things: or which ye used to deny, or disbelieve: or, accord. to Fr, the latter verb may here be used in the sense of تَدْعُونَ; and the meaning may be, this is that which ye desired to hasten, and for which ye prayed to God in the words of the Kur [viii. 32], “O God, if this be the truth from Thee, then rain Thou upon us stones from Heaven, or bring upon us some [other] painful punishment: ” it may be from الدُّعَآءُ: and it may be from الدَّعْوَى: (TA:) [i. e.] it means this is that which ye used to demand, and desire to hasten; from الدُّعَآءُ: or that which ye used to assert, [namely,] that there will be no raising to life; from الدَّعْوَى. (Bd.) And وَلَهُمْ مَا يَدَّعُونَ, in the Kur [xxxvi. 57], is explained as meaning and they shall have what they desire, or wish for; which is referrible to the meaning of الدُّعَآءُ. (TA.) b2: You say also, اِدَّعَى غَيْرَ أَبِيهِ [He asserted the relationship of father to him of one who was not his father; or claimed as his father one who was not his father]. (T, Mgh, Msb.) And يَدَّعِى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ [He asserts his relationship as a son, or claims the relationship of a son, to one who is not his father]. (T, Msb. See 4, in three places.) And يَدَّعِيهِ غَيْرُ أَبِيهِ [One who is not his father asserts him to be his son; or claims him as his son]. (T, Msb.) الاِدِّعَآءُ in war signifies The asserting one's relationship; syn. الاِعْتِزَآءُ; (S, TA;) as also ↓ التَّدَاعِى; (TA;) i. e. the saying “ I am such a one the son of such a one. ” (S.) And [hence] sometimes it includes the meaning of Informing, or telling; and therefore بِ may be prefixed to its objective complement; so that one says, فُلَانٌ يَدَّعِى بِكَرَمِ فِعَالِهِ, i. e. Such a one informs of the generosity of his deeds. (Msb.) 10 إِسْتَدْعَوَ see 1, near the middle of the paragraph. b2: [Hence, استدعى signifies also It called for, demanded, required, or invited, a thing. See also دَعَابِهِ.]

دَعْوَةٌ [as an inf. n. of un.] signifies A single time or act (S, Msb) [of prayer and of imprecation, as is indicated in the S, and also, though less plainly, in the TA]. See دُعَآءٌ. b2: [Also, as such, A call.] You say, هُوَمِنِّى دَعْوَةُ الرَّجُلَ (K, TA) and الكَلْبِ, and دَعْوَةَ الرَّجُلِ and الكَلْبِ, in the former case دعوة being used as a simple subst., and in the latter case as an adv. n., (TA,) meaning قَدْرُ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهُ ذَاكَ [i. e. He, or it, is distant from me the space of the call of the man and of the dog]. (K, TA.) And لَهُمُ الدَّعْوَةُ عَلَى

غَيْرِهِمْ The call is to them before the others of them: (K, TA: [يَبْدَأُ in the CK is a mistake for يُبْدَأُ:]) accord. to the T and the Nh, in the case of gifts, or pay, or salary. (TA.) b3: The call to prayer: whence, in a trad., الدَّعُوَةُ فِى الحَبَشَةِ [meaning The office of calling to prayer rests among the Abyssinians]; (JM, TA;) said by the Prophet in preference of his مُؤَذِّن Bilál. (JM.) b4: A call, or an invitation, to El-Islám. (Mgh.) Yousay, أَدْعُوكَ بِدَعْوَةِ الإِسْلَامِ and السلام ↓ دِعَايَةِ and الاسلام ↓ دَاعِيَةِ, meaning I call thee, or invite thee, by the declaration of the faith whereby the people of false religions are called: دَاعِيَةٌ being an inf. n. syn. with دَعْوَةٌ, like عَافِيَةٌ and عَاقِبَةٌ: (JM:) دَعْوَةُ الإِسْلَامِ and ↓ دَعايَتُهُ and ↓ دَاعِيَتُهُ signify the same: and دَعْوَةُ الحَقِّ [in like manner] means the declaration that there is no deity but God. (TA.) b5: An invitation to food, (S, M, Msb, K, TA,) and to beverage; or, accord. to Lh, specially a repast, feast, or banquet, on the occasion of a wedding or the like: (TA:) thus pronounced by most of the Arabs, except 'Adee of Er-Rabáb, who pronounce it, in this sense, ↓ دِعْوَةٌ: (A 'Obeyd, S, M, Msb:) it is an inf. n. in this sense, (S,) or a simple subst.: (Msb:) and ↓ دُعْوَةٌ signifies the same; (K;) or, as some say, this, which is given as on the authority of Ktr, is a mistake: (TA:) and so does ↓ مَدْعَاةٌ [app. an inf. n.]. (S, Msb, K.) You say, كُنَّافِى

دَعْوَةِ فُلَانٍ and ↓ مَدْعَاتِهِ, meaning [We were included in] the invitation (دُعَآء [see 1]) of such a one to food: (S, Msb: [but in the latter, نَحْنُ, in the place of كُنَّا:]) [or we were at the repast, or feast, or banquet, of such a one; for] you say [also] دَعَاهُ إِلَى الدَّعْوَةِ and ↓ الى المَدْعَاةِ [He invited him to the repast, or feast, or banquet: and in this sense دَعْوَة is commonly used in the present day]. (MA.) b6: See also دِعْوَةٌ: b7: and دَعْوَى. b8: Also i. q. حَلِفٌ or حَلْفٌ (accord. to different copies of the K) [both in the sense of Confederation to aid or assist]: (K, TA:) [whence] one says, دَعْوَةٌ فُلَانٍ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ

[meaning The confederation of such a one is with the sons of such a one]. (TA.) دُعْوَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دِعْوَةٌ respects relationship, (S, Msb,) like ↓ دَعْوَى or دَعْوَى فِى النَّسَبِ; (S;) meaning A claim in respect of relationship; (K;) [i. e.] one's claiming as his father a person who is not his father; (Az, Mgh, Msb;) [in other words,] one's claiming the relationship of a son to a person who is not his father: or one's being claimed as a son by a person who is not his father: (Az, Msb:) thus pronounced by most of the Arabs, except 'Adee of Er-Rabáb, who pronounce it, in this sense, ↓ دَعْوَةٌ. (S, Msb.) See also دَعْوَى. b2: Also Kindred, or relationship, and brotherhood: so in the saying, لِى فِىالقَوْمِ دِعْوَةٌ [I have in, or among, the people, or company of men, kindred, or relationship, and brotherhood]. (Ks, Msb.) b3: See also دَعْوَةٌ.

دَعْوَى: see دُعَآءٌ, in five places. b2: Also a subst. from 8; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA;) omitted in the K, though better known than the sun; (TA;) and so ↓ دَعَاوَةٌ (M, Msb, K) and ↓ دِعَاوَةٌ and ↓ دِعْوَةٌ, (M, K,) accord. to the general pronunciation, (M, TA,) and ↓ دَعْوَةٌ, (M, K,) accord. to the pronunciation of 'Adee of Er-Rabáb, (M, TA,) and ↓ دَاعِيَةٌ; (TA, there said to be syn. with دَعْوَى;) [meaning An assertion that a thing belongs to one, or is due to one; a claim; as is indicated in the S and Mgh and K &c.;] a demand; a suit; (Yz, Az, Msb;) whether true or false: (Mgh, K, TA:) the pl. of دَعْوَى is دَعَاوٍ and دَعَاوَى; the former of which is preferable accord. to some, being, as IJ says, the original form; but some say that the latter is preferable: (Msb:) [the latter only is mentioned in the Mgh:] the alif in the sing. [written ى] is a sign of the fem. gender; and therefore the word is without tenween. (Mgh.) Yz mentions the sayings, لِى فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ دَعْوَى I have, in respect of this thing, [a claim or] a demand, and دَعَاوَى or دَعَاوٍ [claims or] demands, as written in different copies. (Az, Msb.) And لَوْ أُعْطِىَ النَّاسُ بِدَعَاوِيهِمْ [If men were given according to their claims, or demands,] occurs in a trad. (Msb.) b3: See also دِعْوَةٌ.

دُعْوِىٌّ is a word used only in negative sentences: (S:) you say, مَا بِالدَّارِ دُعْوِىٌّ There is not in the house any one: (S, K: *) Ks says that it is from دَعَوْتُ, and [properly] means لَيْسَ فِيهَا مَنْ يَدْعُو [there is not in it one who calls, &c.]. (S.) دُعَآءٌ is an inf. n. of 1; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ دَعْوَى: (K:) the former is originally دُعَاوٌ: (S:) [both, used as simple substs., signify A prayer, or supplication, to God:] and the pl. of the former is أَدْعِيَةٌ. (S.) IF says that some of the Arabs, for ↓ دَعْوَةٌ, say ↓ دَعْوَى, with the fem. alif [written ى]. (Msb, TA.) One says, اَللّٰهُمَّ المُسْلِمِينَ ↓ أَشْرِكْنَا فِى دَعْوَى, meaning [O God, make us to share] in the prayer (دُعَآء) of the Muslims. (TA.) And hence, in the Kur [x. 10], فِيهَا سُبْحَانَك اللّٰهُمَّ ↓ دَعْوَاهُمْ [Their prayer in it shall be سبحانك اللّٰهمّ]. (TA.) [دُعَآءٌ followed by لِ signifies An invocation of good, a blessing, or a benediction: followed by عَلَى, an imprecation of evil, a curse, or a malediction.] سُورَهُ الدُّعَآءِ is a title of The first chapter of the Kur-án. (Bd.) b2: [Hence,] دُعَآءٌ signifies also Adoration, worship, or religious service. (TA.) b3: And i. q. إِيمَانٌ [i. e. Belief; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faith: &c.]: a meaning mentioned by the Expositors of El-Bukháree. (TA.) b4: [Also A call, or cry; and so ↓ دَعْوَى, as in the Kur vii. 4 (where the latter is explained by Bd as syn. with the former) and xxi. 15.] b5: And [particularly] A calling, or crying, for aid or succour. (TA.) دَعِىٌّ One invited to a repast: pl. دُعَوَآءُ; as in the saying عِنْدَهُ دُعَوَآءُ [With him, or at his abode, are guests invited to a repast]. (TA.) b2: One who makes a claim in respect of relationship; (S;) [i. e.] one who claims as his father a person who is not his father; (Az, Mgh, Msb;) [in other words,] one who claims the relationship of a son to a person who is not his father: or one who is claimed as a son by a person who is not his father; (Az, Msb;) an adopted son: (S, K:) pl. أَدْئِيَآءُ, (S,) which is anomalous; (Bd in xxxiii. 4;) occurring in the Kur [in the verse just referred to], where it is said, وَمَاجَعَلَ أَدْئِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَآءَكُمْ (S) Nor hath He made your adopted sons to be your sons in reality. (Jel.) b3: And One whose origin, or lineage, or parentage, is suspected; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مَدْعِىٌّ: pl. of the former as in the next preceding sentence. (TA.) دَعَاوَةٌ and دِعَاوَةٌ: see دَعْوَى.

دِعَايَةٌ: see دَعْوَةٌ, in two places.

دَعَّآءٌ One who prays, or supplicates God, or who calls, &c., much, or often. (TA.) الدَّعَّآءَةُ [an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates;] The سَبَّابَة [or fore finger]; (K;) i. e. the finger with which one calls [or beckons]. [TA.) دَاعٍ [Praying, or supplicating God:] calling, or summoning: (Mgh:) [inviting:] and particularly, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] one who calls, or summons, or invites, to obey a right or a wrong religion: (TA:) pl. دُعَاةٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and دَاعُونَ. (Msb, TA.) [Hence,] دَاعِى اللّٰهِ [God's summoner, or inviter; i. e.] the prophet: (K:) and also, (Msb, K,) or simply الدَّاعِى, (TA,) The مُؤَذِّن [or summoner to prayer]. (Msb, K, TA.) [Hence also, دَاعِى المَنَايَا The summoner of death, lit. of deaths; like طَارِقُ المَنَايَا] b2: See also the next paragraph, in two places. b3: Also A punisher. (TA.) دَاعِيَةٌ: see دَعْوَةٌ, in two places: b2: and see also دَعْوَى. b3: دَاعِيَّةٌ اللَّبَنِ The remainder of the milk, (K,) or what is left, of the milk, in the udder, (S, Mgh,) that draws, or attracts, (K,) or in order that it may draw, or attract, (S, Mgh,) what is to come after it; (S, Mgh, K; *) as also اللَّبَنِ ↓ دَاعِى, occurring in a trad., where it is said, دَعْ دَاعِىَ اللَّبَنِ [Leave thou the remainder of the milk, in the udder, that is to draw, or attract, what is to come after it]; (S, Mgh;) i. e. do not exhaust it entirely. (Mgh.) b4: Hence, دَاعِيَةٌ is metaphorically applied to signify (tropical:) A mean, or means; a cause; or a motive; (Har p. 306;) [as also ↓ دَاعٍ, often used in these senses in the present day;] and so, in an intensive sense, ↓ مَدْعَاةٌ [properly signifying a cause of drawing, attracting, or inducing, &c., originally مَدْعَوَةٌ, being a noun of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ]: (Idem p. 86:) [the pl. of the first is دَوَاعٍ.] b5: Also (assumed tropical:) The cry of horsemen in battle; (K;) as being a call to him who will aid, or succour. (TA.) b6: دَوَاعِى الصَّدْرِ (assumed tropical:) The anxiety [or rather anxieties] of the bosom. (Ham p. 509.) b7: دَوَاعِى الدَّهْرِ (tropical:) The vicissitudes of fortune: (K, TA:) sing. دَاعِيَةٌ. (TA.) أُدْعُوَّةٌ: see what next follows.

أُدْعِيَّةٌ (S, K) and ↓ أُدْعُوَّةٌ (K) An enigma; a riddle; (S, K; *) like أُحْجِيَّةٌ [and أُحْجُوَّةٌ]; and including such as is in verse, like that quoted above, in the second paragraph of this article. (S.) مَدْعَاةٌ: see دَعْوَةٌ, latter part, in three places: b2: and see also دَاعِيَةٌ: [pl. مَدَاعٍ. b3: Hence the saying,] لَهُ مَسَاعٍ وَمَدَاعٍ, i. e. (tropical:) [He possesses means of attaining honour and elevation, and] causes of glorying, or memorable and generous qualities, especially in war. (TA.) مَدْعُوٌّ pass. part. n. of 1; as also ↓ مَدْعِىٌّ.]

مَدْعِىٌّ: see what next precedes: b2: and see also دَعِىٌّ, last sentence.

مُدَّعًى Claimed property [&c.]: مُدَّعًى بِهِ is nought. (Mgh.) b2: مُدَّعًى عَلَيْهِ One upon whom a claim is made for property [&c.]. (Mgh.) [A defendant in a law-suit.]

مُدَّعٍ Claiming property [&c.]; a claimant. (Mgh.) [A plaintiff in a law-suit.]

بَرْذَعَة:
وقد رواه أبو سعد بالدال المهملة، والعين مهملة عند الجميع: بلد في أقصى أذربيجان، قال حمزة: برذعة معرب برده دار، ومعناه بالفارسية موضع السبي، وذلك أن بعض ملوك الفرس سبى سبيا من وراء أرمينية وأنزلهم هناك، وقال هلال بن المحسن: برذعة قصبة أذربيجان، وذكر ابن الفقيه أن برذعة هي مدينة أرّان، وهي آخر حدود أذربيجان، كان أول من أنشأ عمارتها قباذ الملك، وهي في سهل من الأرض، عمارتها بالآجر والجص، وقال صاحب كتاب الملحمة: مدينة برذعة طولها تسع وسبعون درجة وثلاثون دقيقة، وعرضها خمس وأربعون درجة في الإقليم السادس، طالعها الحوت ثلاث عشرة درجة، كفّ الخضيب في درجة طالعها وقلب العقرب في خامسها ويد الجوزاء في رابعها وسرّة الجوزاء في رابعها بالحقيقة، وذكر أبو عون في زيجه: برذعة في الإقليم الخامس، طولها ثلاث وسبعون درجة، وعرضها ثلاث وأربعون درجة، وقال الإصطخري: برذعة مدينة كبيرة جدّا أكثر من فرسخ في فرسخ، وهي نزهة خصبة كثيرة الزرع والثمار جدّا، وليس ما بين العراق وخراسان بعد الرّيّ وأصبهان مدينة أكبر ولا أخصب ولا أحسن موضعا من مرافق برذعة، ومنها على أقلّ من فرسخ موضع يسمى الأندراب ما بين كرنة ولصوب ويقطان أكثر من مسيرة يوم، مشتبكة البساتين والباغات، كلها فواكه، وفيها الفندق الجيد أجود من فندق سمرقند، وبها شاه بلّوط أجود من شاه بلوط الشام، ولهم فواكه تسمى الروقال في تقدير الغبيراء، حلو الطعم إذا أدرك، وفيه مرارة قبل أن يدرك، وببرذعة تين يحمل من لصوب يفضّل على جميع أجناسه، ويرتفع منها من الإبريسم شيء كثير مستحدث من توت مباح لا مالك له، يجهز منه إلى فارس وخوزستان جهازا واسعا. وعلى ثلاثة فراسخ من برذعة نهر الكرّ فيه الشورماهي الذي يحمل إلى الآفاق مملّحا، وهو نوع من السمك، ويرتفع من نهر الكرّ سمك أيضا يقال له الدّواقن والعشب، وهما سمكان يفضّلان على أجناس السمك بتلك النواحي. وببرذعة باب يسمّى باب الأكراد تقوم عنده سوق تسمى الكرّكّي في يوم الأحد
يكون مقدارها فرسخا في فرسخ، يجتمع فيها الناس كل يوم الأحد من كل أسبوع من كل وجه وأوب حتى من العراق، وهو أكبر من سوق كورسره، وقد غلب على هذا اليوم اسم الكرّكّي حتى إن كثيرا منهم إذا عدّ أيام الأسبوع قال:
الجمعة والسبت والكرّكي والاثنين والثلاثاء حتى يعد أيام الأسبوع. وبيت ما لهم في المسجد الجامع على رسم الشام، فإن بيوت الأموال بالشام في مساجدها، وهو بيت مال مرصّص السطح وعليه باب حديد وهو على تسع أساطين، ودار الإمارة بجنب الجامع في المدينة والأسواق في ربضها، قلت: هذه صفة قديمة فأما الآن فليس من ذلك كله شيء، وقد لقيت من أهل برذعة بأذربيجان من سألته عن بلده فذكر أن آثار الــخراب بها كثيرة وليس بها الآن إلا كما يكون في القرى ناس قليل وحال مضطرب وصعلكة ظاهرة وضرّ باد ودور متهدّمة وخراب مستول عليهم، فسبحان من يحيل ولا يحول ويزيل ولا يزول وله في خلقه تدبير لا يظهر لأحد من خلقه سرّ المصلحة. ومن برذعة إلى جنزة، وهي كنجة، تسعة فراسخ، وقال مسلم ابن الوليد يرثي يزيد بن مزيد وكان قد مات ببرذعة سنة 135:
قبر ببرذعة، استسرّ ضريحه ... خطرا، تقاصر دونه الأخطار
أجل تنافسه الحمام، وحفرة ... نفست عليها وجهك الأحجار
أبقى الزمان على معدّ، بعده، ... حزنا، لعمر الدّهر ليس يعار
نفضت بك الآمال أحلاس الغنى، ... واسترجعت نزّاعها الأمصار
سلكت بك العرب السبيل إلى العلى، ... حتى إذا بلغ المدى بك حاروا
فاذهب، كما ذهبت غوادي مزنة ... أثنى عليها السّهل والأوعار
وأما فتحها فقد قالوا: سار سلمان بن ربيعة الباهلي في أيام عثمان بن عفان، رضي الله عنه، بعد فتح بيلقان إلى برذعة فعسكر على الثّرثور، وهو نهر منها على أقل من فرسخ، فأغلق أهلها دونه أبوابها فشنّ الغارات في قراها، وكانت زروعها مستحصدة فصالحوه على مثل صلح البيلقان، فدخلها وأقام بها ووجّه خيله ففتحت بلادا أخر، وينسب إلى برذعة جماعة من الأئمة، منهم مكّيّ بن أحمد بن سعدويه البرذعي أحد المحدثين المكثرين والرّحالين المحصّلين، سمع بدمشق أحمد بن عمير ومحمد بن يوسف الهروي وبأطرابلس أبا القاسم عبد الله بن الحسن بن عبد الرحمن البزّاز وببغداد أبا القاسم البغوي وأبا محمد صاعدا وبغيرها أبا يعلى محمد بن الفضل بن زهير وأبا عروبة وأبا جعفر الطحاوي وعبد الحكم بن أحمد المصري ومحمد بن أحمد بن رجاء الحنفي ومحمد بن عمير الحنفي بمصر وعرس بن فهد الموصلي، روى عنه الأستاذ أبو الوليد حسان بن محمد الفقيه والحاكم أبو عبد الله وأبو الفضل نصر بن محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب العطّار الرّسّي، وكان نزل نيسابور سنة 330 فأقام بها ثم خرج إلى ما وراء النهر سنة 350، وكتب بخراسان ما يتحير فيه الإنسان كثرة، وتوفي بالشاش سنة 354، وسعيد بن عمرو بن عمّار أبو عثمان الأزدي، سمع بدمشق أبا زرعة الدمشقي وأبا يعقوب الجوزجاني وأبا سعيد الأشجّ ومسلم بن الحجاج الحافظ ومحمد بن يحيى الذهلي وأبا زرعة وأبا حاتم الرازيّين ومحمد بن إسحاق الصاغاني وغيرهم، روى
عنه محمد بن يوسف بن إبراهيم وأبو عبد الله أحمد ابن طاهر بن النجم الميانجي وغيرهما، وقال حفص بن عمر الأردبيلي: جلس سعيد بن عمرو البرذعي في منزله وأغلق بابه وقال: ما أحدّث الناس فإن الناس قد تغيّروا، فاستعان عليه أصحاب الحديث بمحمد بن مسلم بن واره الرازي فدخل عليه وسأله أن يحدثهم، فقال: ما أفعل، فقال: بحقي عليك إلّا حدّثتهم، فقال: وأيّ حق لك عليّ؟ فقال: أخذت يوما بركابك، فقال: قضيت حقّا لله عليك وليس لك عليّ حقّ، فقال: إن قوما اغتابوك فرددت عنك، فقال: هذا أيضا يلزمك لجماعة المسلمين، قال:
فإني عبرت بك يوما في ضيعتك فتعلّقت بي إلى طعامك فأدخلت على قلبك سرورا، فقال: أما هذه فنعم، فأجابه إلى ما أراد، وعبد العزيز بن الحسن البرذعي الحافظ العابد أبو بكر من الرّحّالة، سمع بدمشق محمد بن العباس بن الدّرفس وبمصر محمد بن أحمد الحافظ وأبا يعقوب إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن يونس البغدادي المنجنيقي وبالموصل أحمد بن عمر الموصلي، وأظنه أبا يعلى لأنه يروي عن غسّان بن الربيع، روى عنه أبو علي الحسين بن علي بن يزيد الحافظ وأبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى المزكّي وأبو محمد عبد الله بن سعيد الحافظ، وقال الحاكم أبو عبد الله في تاريخه: عبد العزيز بن الحسن أبو بكر البرذعي العابد، وهو من الغرباء الرّحّالة الذين وردوا على أبي بكر محمد بن إسحاق بن خزيمة فائتمنه أبو بكر على حديثه لزهده وورعه وصار المفيد بنيسابور في حياة أبي بكر وبعد وفاته، ثم خرج سنة 318 من نيسابور إلى رباط فراوة فأقام به مدة ثم سكن نسا إلى أن توفي بها سنة 323. وجوّ برذعة: أرض لبني نمير باليمامة في جوف الرّمل، فيها نخل.