توب

1 تَابَ, (T, A,) or تاب إِلَى اللّٰهِ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. تَوْبَةٌ and تَوْبٌ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) both of these signifying the same, (T, S, M, Msb,) the ة in the former being added to denote the fem. gender, or, as some say, the former is a n. un. like ضَرْبَةٌ, (Msb,) or, as Akh says, تَوْبٌ is pl. [or a quasi-pl. n.] of تَوْبَةٌ, like as عَوْمٌ is of عَوْمَةٌ, (S,) or like as لَوْزٌ is of لَوْزَةٌ, and this is the opinion of Mbr, (M,) and تَابَةٌ, (M, K,) which is for تَوْبَةٌ, (M,) and مَتَابٌ (S, M, A, K) and تَتْوِبَةٌ, (S, * M, * K,) of the measure تَفْعِلَةٌ, (S, M,) an anomalous form, (TA,) syn. with تَوْبَةٌ, mentioned in the Book of Sb; (S;) [He repented; or repented toward God; as will be shown by what follows:] originally, he returned unto God, (T, TA,) مِنْ كَذَا and عَنْ كَذَا [from such a thing]: (TA:) or he returned, [or returned unto God,] (S, M, A, K,) from sin, (S,) or from his sin, (A,) or from disobedience (M, K) to obedience: (M:) or تَابَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ signifies he desisted from his sin: (Msb:) تَوْبَةٌ signifies the repenting of sin; i. e. the grieving for it, or regretting it, with the confession of having no excuse for the commission thereof. (Kull.) It is said in a trad., النَّدَمُ تَوْبَةٌ [Repentance is] a returning from sin. (S.) The time of El-Islám is termed زَمَنُ التَّوْبَةِ as being The time of returning from [or repenting of] the belief in a plurality of gods. (A.) A poet says, تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ فَتَقَبَّلْ تَابَتِى

وَصُمْتُ رَبِّى فَتَفَبَّلْ صَامَتِى

[I have repented toward Thee, and accept Thou my repentance; and I have fasted, O my Lord, and accept Thou my fast]; meaning تَوْبَتِى and صَوْمَتِى. (M.) b2: تَابَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ God returned to forgiveness towards him; became again forgiving to him: (T:) or disposed, or adapted, him to repentance, or returning from sin or disobedience: (S, K:) or reverted from severity to mildness towards him: or returned to him with his favour, or grace, and his acceptance, or approbation; became again propitious to him: (A, K:) all these meanings are correct: (TA:) or God forgave him, and saved him from acts of disobedience: (Msb:) or accepted his repentance: (Jel in ii. 35 &c.:) or returned towards him with mercy, and acceptance of repentance. (Bd ibid.) 10 استتابهُ He proposed to him that he should return [to obedience unto God], (T, A,) and repent of that which he had committed: (T:) he asked him to return from sin, or disobedience: (S, K:) or he asked him to desist from his sin. (Msb.) تَابُوتٌ, originally تَوَبُوتٌ, the ت not being the characteristic of the fem. gender, (Z, MF, TA,) of the measure فَعَلُوتٌ, and meaning A chest, or box, from التَّوْبُ, because what is taken out from it continually returns to it: (AAF, IJ, Z, MF, TA:) or originally تَابُوَةٌ; (S, K; [in the CK تَأْبُوَةٌ;]) the و being made quiescent, and the ة changed into ت: (S, K:) [in Chald. ?: in Hebr. ?:] it signifies also the ribs, with what they contain, as the heart and the liver &c.; as being likened to a chest, or box; (IAth, TA in art. تبت;) the chest, breast, or bosom: (A in that art.:) or [primarily] the ribs, with what they contain, as the heart &c.: and [hence] applied to a chest, or box: (Towsheeh, MF, TA:) also written تَبُوتٌ. (K in art. تبت.) [It is generally applied in the present day to a bier: a coffin: and an oblong case that is placed over a grave: the pl. is تَوَابِــيتُ.] El-Kásim Ibn-Maan says that it is the only word in the Kur-án in respect of which the dialects of Kureysh and the Ansár differ; the former pronouncing it تَابُوتٌ; (S;) and the latter, تَابُوهٌ. (S, K.) But IB denies that its last letter is originally ة, the fem. termination; asserting the final ت to be a radical letter, the measure of the word to be فَاعُولٌ, and its proper place in art. تبت: he says that the final ت is changed in a case of pause, but not generally, into ه, as is that of الفُرَات [the Euphrates], in which the ت is not the fem. termination. (L, TA.) Yousay, مَا أَوْدَعْتُ تَابُوتِى شَيْئًا فَقَدْتُهُ, meaning I have not deposited in my bosom anything of knowledge, or science, that I have lost. (A in art. تبت.) تَوَّابٌ, applied to a man, [One who repents much or often;] returning from disobedience to obedience [to God] (M, K, TA) much or often. (TA.) b2: And applied to God, One who returns [much or often] to forgiveness towards his servant who returns unto Him: (T:) or who [often] disposes, or adapts, to repentance, or returning from sin or disobedience; or reverts from severity to mildness; or returns with his favour or grace, &c.: (A, K: [see 1, last sentence:]) or who forgives much, and save from acts of disobedience. (Msb.) تَائِبٌ [Repenting of sin: (see 1:) originally,] returning from disobedience (M, K) to obedience to God. (M.)

بزر

1 بَزَرَ القِدْرَ, (Msb,) [aor. ـُ or بَزِرَ, accord. to the rule of the K,] inf. n. بَزْرٌ; (K;) and ↓ بزّرها, (A,) inf. n. تَبْزِيرٌ; (TA;) He threw, or put, أَبْزَار, (A,) or إِبْزَار, (Msb,) or أَبَازِير, (A, K,) [i. e. seeds for seasoning the food,] into the cooking-pot. (A, Msb, K.) b2: [Hence,] ↓ بزّر كَلَامَهُ (tropical:) He seasoned (تَوْبَلَ [meaning he embel-lished]) his speech, or language. (A.) b3: بَزَرَ, (TK,) inf. n. بَزْرٌ, (K,) also signifies He sowed (K, TK) seeds; (TK;) i. q. بَذَرَ. (K, TA.) 2 بَزَّرَ see 1, in two places.

بَزْرٌ: see what next follows, in five places.

بِزْرٌ and ↓ بَزْرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former the more chaste, (T, S, Msb,) or the only form used by persons of chaste speech, (ISk, T, Msb,) The seed of herbs or leguminous plants, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) and of other plants: (S, A, Msb:) or small seed or grain, such as that of herbs or leguminous plants and the like: (TA:) or any seed, or grain, that is sown (Kh, Msb, K) for vegetation; (K;) as also بَذْرٌ [q. v.]: (Kh, Msb:) pl. بُزُورٌ. (K.) b2: And Seeds that are used in cooking, for seasoning food; syn. تَابَلٌ: pl. ↓ أَبْزَارٌ and أَبَازِيرٌ; (K;) the latter of which is pl. of أَبْزَارٌ; (TA;) or of this word and of ↓ إِبْزَارٌ; both of which are sings.; arabicized [from the Persian أَفْزَارْ]; the former of them anomalous, being of a pl. form: (Msb:) أَبْزَارٌ and أَبَازِيرُ are syn. with تَوَابِــلُ: (S:) or ابزار and توابــل both signify that with which food is seasoned; but the former of these is applied to what is moist and what is dry; and the latter, to what is dry only: this distinction, however, appears to be conventional [and modern]; for the [classical] language of the Arabs does not indicate it. (MF.) b3: Hence, ↓ أَبَازِيرُ also signifies (tropical:) Additions [or embellishments] in speech. (A.) b4: بِزْرٌ and ↓ بَزْرٌ signify also Oil of بَزْر [i. e. of seeds]. (S.) بِزْرُ الكَتَّانِ [commonly meaning Linseed] signifies linseed-oil in the dial. of the people of Baghdád. (K.) b5: Also ↓ بَزْرٌ, (Mgh,) or بَزْرُ القَزِّ, (Msb,) (tropical:) The eggs of the silk-worm. (Mgh, Msb.) b6: And ↓ the former of these, (assumed tropical:) Offspring. (K, TA.) One says, ↓ مَا أَكْثَرَ بَزْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) How numerous is his offspring! (TA.) بَزْرَآءُ: see مَبْزُورٌ.

بَزْرِىٌّ One who expresses the oil of بِزْر. (TA.) بَزَّارٌ One who sells بِزْر الكَتَّان, i. e., linseed-oil, in the dial. of the people of Baghdád. (K.) بَازُورٌ (tropical:) A man who induces in one, or throws one into, doubt or suspicion; from the phrase بَزَّرَ كَلَامَهُ. (A.) أَبْزَارٌ and إِبْزَارٌ: pl. أَبَازِيرُ: see بِزْرٌ, in three places.

أَبْزَارِىٌّ [One who sells أَبْزَار or إِبْزَار]. (K.) مُبَزَّرٌ Seasoned with أَبَازِير, i. e. تَوَابِــل. (Mgh.) [See بِزْرٌ.]

مَبْزُورٌ (assumed tropical:) Having many children; applied to a man: and so ↓ بَزْرَآءُ applied to a woman. (K, TA.)

تبل

1 تَبَلَهُ, (Lth, T, M,) aor. ـِ (M,) inf. n. تَبْلٌ, (Lth, T, M,) He pursued him with enmity, or hostility: (Lth, T:) or he bore enmity, or was hostile, to him. (M.) b2: تَبَلَهُمُ الدَّهْرُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. تَبْلٌ, (M,) (tropical:) Time, or fortune, smote them with its vicissitudes, (M, K,) and (K) destroyed them; (S, K;) as also ↓ أَتْبَلَهُمْ. (S, TA.) b3: تَبَلَهُ الحُبُّ, (S, M,) or الهَوَى, (T,) aor. ـِ (M,) inf. n. تَبْلٌ; (T, K;) and ↓ اتبلهُ, (S, M,) inf. n. إِتْبَالٌ; (K, TA;) Love made him sick, or ill; (T, S, M, K; [in the CK, والاَسْقَامُ كالاَتْبَالِ is erroneously put for والإِسْقَامُ كالإِتْبَالِ;]) and caused him to be in a bad, or unsound, state: (S:) or, as some say, تَبَلَهُ signifies, (M,) or signifies also, (K,) it took away his reason, (M, K,) and bewildered him. (TA.) b4: You say also, of a woman, تَبَلَتْ فُؤَادَ الرَّجُلِ, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, as though meaning, (M,) She smote the man's heart with ↓ تَبْل [app. meaning love-sickness]. (M, K.) A2: See also Q. Q. 1.2 تَبَّلَand 3: see Q. Q. 1.4 اتبلهُ, inf. n. إِتْبَالٌ, He made him a victim of blood-revenge, or retaliation of murder or homicide. (S: the meaning is indicated there, but not expressed.) b2: See also 1, in two places. Q. Q. 1 تَوْبَلَ القِدْرَ, (A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, Msb, K,) and تَأْبَلَهَا, with hemz, (IJ, M,) or ↓ تَابَلَهَا, [without ء,] (K,) mentioned by Ibn-Abbád in the Moheet, (TA,) and ↓ تَبَّلَهَا, (T, M, K,) said by Lth to be allowable, (T,) and ↓ تَبَلَهَا, (K,) He seasoned [the contents of] the cooking-pot with تَابَل; (Msb;) he put تَابَل into the cooking-pot; (K;) i. q. قَزَّحَهَا and فَحَّاهَا: (A 'Obeyd, T:) from تَابَلٌ. (S, M. *) b2: [Hence,] تَوْبَلَ كَلَامَهُ (tropical:) He seasoned [meaning he embellished] his speech, or language; syn. قَزَّحَهُ (TA) and بَزَّرَهُ. (A in art. بزر.) تَبْلٌ [originally inf. n. of 1, q. v. b2: ] Enmity, or hostility, (Lth, T, M, K, TA,) in the heart, (TA,) with which one is pursued: (Lth, T:) pl. تُبُولٌ (Lth, T, M, K) and ↓ تَبَابِيلُ, which latter is extr. (K.) You say, لِى عِنْدَهُ تَبْلٌ [He has enmity, or hostility, towards me, with which he pursues me]. (T.) b3: I. q. تِرَةٌ (S) and ذَحْلٌ (S, M, K) [by the former of which may be intended the meaning explained above, or, as appears to be meant by the latter, blood-revenge; or retaliation of murder or homicide; or prosecution for blood; or a desire of, or seeking for, retaliation of a crime or of enmity]: pl. تُبُولٌ. (S.) التَّبْلُ as meaning الذَّحْلُ is likened by Yezeed Ibn-El- Hakam Eth-Thakafee to a debt which one should be paid. (Ham p. 530.) And one says, أُصِيبَ بِتَبْلٍ

[He was made a victim of blood-revenge, or retaliation of murder or homicide: or, perhaps, of enmity, or hostility]. (S.) And بَيْنَهُمْ تُبُولٌ [Between them are blood-revenges, &c.]. (TA.) b4: Love-sickness. (Kull p. 167. [See حُبُّ.]) See 1.

دَهْرٌ تَبِلَ, (M,) or ↓ تَابِلٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) Time, or fortune, that smites people with its vicissitudes, (M, TA,) and destroys them. (TA.) And ↓ دَهْرٌ مُتْبِلٌ خَبِلٌ, occurring in a poem of El-Aashà, (assumed tropical:) Time, or fortune, that destroys, or carries off, family and children. (S.) تَبِيلٌ: see مَتْبُولٌ.

تَبَابِيلُ: see تَبْلٌ.

تَبَّالٌ A possessor [or seller] of تَوَابِــل pl. of تَابَلٌ. (K.) تَابَلٌ, (A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, Msb, K,) also pronounced تَأْبَلٌ, with ء, (IJ, M,) and ↓ تَابِلٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ تَوْبَلُ, (IAar, T, K,) Seeds (أَبْزَارٌ Msb and K) that are used in cooking, for seasoning food; (T, S, * M, Msb, K;) i. q. فَحًا; (T, M;) such as cumin-seeds and coriander-seeds: (TA voce قِزْحٌ:) said to be arabicized: Ibn-El-Jawá- leekee says that the vulgar distinguish between تابل and ابزار, [in the manner explained voce بِزْرٌ,] but the [classical] Arabs do not: (Msb:) pl. تَوَابِــلُ. (T, S, Msb, K.) تَابِلٌ: see تَبِلٌ: A2: and see تَابَلٌ.

تَوْبَلُ : see تَابَلٌ.

تُوبَالٌ [from the Persian تُوبَالْ or تُوپَالْ?] What falls in consecutive portions, or particles, on the occasion of the hammering of copper and of iron: a مِثْقَال thereof, with hydromel, drunk, powerfully alleviates the [ejection of] phlegm. (K.) مُتْبِلٌ: see تَبِلٌ.

مَتْبُولٌ A man rendered love-sick; (T;) as also ↓ تَبِيلٌ: (M:) and the former, a lover who is not granted that which he wants. (TA.)

فره

1 فَرُهَ, aor. ـُ (S, K,) inf. n. فَرَاهَةٌ and فَرَاهِيَةٌ (K) [and app. also فُرُوهَةٌ, expl. below as a simple subst.], He was, or became, skilled, or skilful. (S, K.) b2: And فَرُهَ and فَرَهَ, aor. of each ـُ [inf. n. app. فُرُوهَةٌ and فَرَاهَةٌ and فَرَاهِيَةٌ, expl. below as simple substs.,] said of a horse or similar beast, &c., He was, or became, brisk, lively, sprightly, active, agile, or light. (Msb.) b3: [And فَرُهَ, inf. n. فَرَاهَةٌ, (of which see an explanation below,) probably signifies He was, or became, beautiful, comely, pretty, or elegant; like صَبُحَ, inf. n. صَبَاحَةٌ.] b4: And فَرِهَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. فَرَهٌ, (TK,) He exulted, or rejoiced above measure; or he exulted greatly, and behaved insolently and unthankfully, or ungratefully: (S, K:) the ه in this verb, accord. to Fr, is substituted for the ح in فَرِحَ, which has this meaning. (TA.) 2 فَرَّهَ see what next follows.4 أَفْرَهَت She (a camel) brought forth [young ones such as are termed] فُرْهٌ (S) or فُرَّهٌ (K) [i. e. such as were brisk, lively, sprightly, active, agile, or light]; as also ↓ فرّهت, inf. n. تَفْرِيهٌ. (K.) b2: And She (a woman) brought forth beautiful children. (TA.) b3: And افره He (a man) took for himself a غُلَام [i. e. youth, young man, or male slave,] such as is termed فَارِهٌ (IAar, K) meaning beautiful, or comely, of countenance. (IAar, TA.) 10 هُوَ يَسْتَفْرِهُ الأَفْرَاسَ means يَسْتَكْرِمُهَا [i. e. He seeks the horses, or mares, that are of generous race]: (aK, TA:) and the like is said in the A, but with الدَّوَابَّ in the place of الافراس. (TA.) فَرِهٌ [part. n. of فَرِهَ, meaning Exulting, or rejoicing above measure; &c.]. In the Kur xxvi.

149, some read فَرِهِينَ, from فَرِهَ, signifying as expl. above: others reading فَارِهِينَ, which is from فَرُهَ: (S, TA:) b2: but فَرِهٌ is also syn. with فَارِهٌ, as an epithet applied to a youth, or young man, or male slave; and thus the reading of فَرِهِينَ in the Kur has been expl. as meaning Possessing skill. (TA.) فُرَاهٌ i. q. فُرَاتٌ, as an epithet applied to water, signifying Sweet, &c.: both are chaste forms, and well known, like تَابُوهٌ and تَابُوتٌ: so in the Towsheeh. (MF and TA in art. فرت.) فَرَاهَةٌ [mentioned in the first paragraph as an inf. n. is also expl. as a simple subst.]: see فُرُوهَةٌ. b2: Also Beauty, or comeliness. (Msb, TA.) فُرُوهَةٌ [app. an inf. n., but mentioned as a simple subst., meaning] Skilfulness. (K.) b2: And فُرُوهَهٌ and ↓ فَرَاهَةٌ and ↓ فَرَاهِيَةٌ denote a quality of a hackney and of a mule and of an ass, (S,) or of a horse, or similar beast, &c., (Msb,) all signifying Briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, activity, agility, or lightness. (Msb, TA. *) فَرَاهِيَةٌ [mentioned in the first paragraph as an inf. n.]: see what next precedes.

فَارِهٌ Skilful, or possessing skill; (S, Msb, K;) part. n. of فَرُهَ, irregularly formed, for by rule it should be فَرِيهٌ: (S:) accord. to Z, it is applied to a man; and also, without ة, to a قَيْنَة [i. e. female slave, or slave-songstress]. (Msb.) b2: And it is applied as an epithet to a hackney, (Az, S, Msb,) and a mule, (S,) and an ass, (Az, S, Msb,) or to a horse, or similar beast, (Az,) meaning Brisk, lively, sprightly, active, agile, or light; (Az, * Msb;) sharp; strong; that goes, or journeys, much; a great goer: (Az, TA:) it is not applied to a فَرَس, (Az, S,) i. e. to an Arabian horse; (Az, Msb;) such being termed جَوَادٌ, (Az, S, Msb,) and رَائِعٌ: (S:) 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd has applied it to the latter; but As has charged him with error in so doing; saying that he possessed not knowledge of horses: (S:) the pl. is فُرْهٌ, (S, Msb,) like بُزْلٌ and حُولٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and حَائِلٌ, (S,) or فُرُهٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (K,) and فَرَهَةٌ, with two fet-hahs, (Msb,) or فُرْهَةٌ, (S, K,) but this is held by Sb to be a quasi-pl. n., (ISd, TA,) and فُرَّهٌ, like رُكَّعٌ, and فُرَّهَةٌ, like سُكَّرَةٌ, (K,) as in the A, but MF says that no pl. of this measure is known. (TA.) b3: Also, applied to a غُلَام [i. e. youth, young man, or male slave], Beautiful, or comely, of countenance. (IAar, TA.) And [the fem.]

فَارِهَةٌ signifies A beautiful, or comely, girl, or young woman: (K:) [and] so ↓ فَرْهَآءُ, [of which the masc. is أَفْرَهُ, and] of which the pl. is فُرْهٌ; but Az says, I do not think that they use this word in relation to girls, or young women, though they may apply it peculiarly to female slaves like as they apply فَارِهٌ and فَارِهَةٌ peculiarly to hackneys and mules and jades, exclusively of Arabian horses. (Msb.) b4: And فَارِهَةٌ is also syn. with فَتِيَّةٌ [i. e. A youthful females, or one in the prime of life]: (thus accord. to several copies of the K and accord. to the TA:) or قَيْنَةٌ [i. e. a female slave, or a slave-songstress: see the first sentence of this paragraph]. (Thus in the CK.) b5: and it signifies also [A woman] who eats vehemently: (K:) and فَارِهٌ applied to man, A vehement eater. (IAar, TA.) أَفْرَهُ: see its fem., فَرْهَآءُ, in the next preceding paragraph. b2: فُلَانٌ أَفْرَهُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ means Such a one is more beautiful, or comely, than such a one. (Msb.) مُفْرِهٌ and مُفْرِهَةٌ (S, K) and مُفَرِّهَةٌ (S) are epithets applied to a she-camel, meaning Bringing forth [young ones such as are termed] فُرْهٌ (S) or فُرَّهٌ. (K.) [See 4.]

الجملة القرآنية
كِتابٌ أُحْكِمَتْ آياتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ مِنْ لَدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ (هود 1). ذلك خير ما توصف به الجملة القرآنية، فهى بناء قد أحكمت لبناته، ونسقت أدق تنسيق، لا تحس فيها بكلمة تضيق بمكانها، أو تنبو عن موضعها، أو لا تعيش مع أخواتها، حتى صار من العسير بل من المستحيل، أن تغير في الجملة كلمة بكلمة، أو أن تستغنى فيها عن لفظ، أو أن تزيد فيها شيئا، وصار قصارى أمرك إذا أردت معارضة جملة في القرآن، أن ترجع بعد طول المطاف إليها، كأنما لم يخلق الله لأداء تلك المعانى، غير هذه الألفاظ، وكأنما ضاقت اللغة، فلم تجد فيها، وهى بحر خضم، ما تؤدى به تلك المعانى غير ما اختاره القرآن لهذا الأداء.
والجملة القرآنية تتبع المعنى النفسى، فتصوره بألفاظها، لتلقيه في النفس، حتى إذا استكملت الجملة أركانها، برز المعنى، ظاهرا فيه المهم والأهم، فليس تقديم كلمة على أخرى صناعة لفظية فحسب، ولكن المعنى هو الذى جعل ترتيب الآية ضرورة لا معدى عنه، وإلا اختل وانهار. خذ مثلا قوله تعالى: وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْراهِيمُ الْقَواعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْماعِيلُ رَبَّنا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (البقرة 127).
تجد إسماعيل معطوفا على إبراهيم، فهو كأبيه يرفع القواعد من البيت، ولكن تأخره في الذكر، يوحى بأن دوره في رفع القواعد دور ثانوى، أما الدور الأساسى فقد قام به إبراهيم، «قيل كان إبراهيم يبنى، وإسماعيل يناوله الحجارة » فنزلت الآية، وكأنما كانت ستنسى دور إسماعيل لثانويته، ثم ذكرته بعد أن انتهت من تكونها.
وخذ قوله تعالى: إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ (الفاتحة 5). فإنك ترى تقديم المفعول هنا؛ لأنه موضع عناية العابد ورجاء المستعين، فلا جرم وهو مناط الاهتمام أن يتقدم كما يتقدم كل ما يهتم به ويعنى. وخذ قوله تعالى: وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلاةِ وَإِنَّها لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى الْخاشِعِينَ (البقرة 45). تجد المستعان عليه في الآية غير مذكور، لا تخففا من ذكره، ولكن ليوحى هذا الحذف إلى النفس أن كل ما يقوم أمام المرء من مشقة، وما يعترضه من صعوبات، يستعان على التغلب عليه، بالصبر والصلاة.
تمضى الجملة القرآنية، وقد كونت من كلمات قد اختيرت، ثم نسقت في سلك من النظام، فلا ضعف في تأليف، ولا تعقيد في نظم، ولكن حسن تنسيق، ودقة ترتيب، وإحكام في تلاؤم. واقرأ قوله تعالى: ذلِكَ الْكِتابُ لا رَيْبَ فِيهِ هُدىً لِلْمُتَّقِينَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْناهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَما أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ أُولئِكَ عَلى هُدىً مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (البقرة 2 - 5). ترى آيات قد التحم نسجها، وارتبط بناء بعضها ببعض، تسلم الجملة إلى أختها، فى التئام واتساق، فالجملة الأولى قد وصفت القرآن بالكمال، ووصفته الجملة الثانية، بأنه لا يعلق به الريب، لا في أخباره، ولا في نسبته إلى الله، وفي الجملة التالية جعله هاديا لأولئك الذين يخشون الله ويتقونه، ومضت الآية الثانية تصف هؤلاء الذين ينتفعون بالقرآن، فهم الذين يوقنون بما أنبأهم به من أمور غائبة لا يرونها، ويقومون بواجبهم لله، فيؤدون الصلاة كما يجب أن تؤدى، وواجبهم للمجتمع، فيقدمون من أموالهم ما يساعدون به البائس والمعتر، ولا يتعصبون لرسول دون رسول، بل يؤمنون بما أنزل على محمد، وما أنزل من قبله، ورأس الإيمان وأساسه هو إيمانهم باليوم الآخر، لأن ذلك الإيمان يدفع إلى العمل الصالح، وينهى عن المنكر والبغى، فلا جرم أن كان أولئك على هدى من ربهم وكانوا هم المفلحين.
ذلك مثل من أمثلة الارتباط القوى بين جمل الآية القرآنية، وكثير من الجمل فى القرآن توحى إليك ألفاظها، بمعان لا يستطيع لفظ أن يحدها، بل يترك للنفس أمر إدراكها، وحسبى أن أشير من ذلك إلى قوله سبحانه: وَإِذْ أَخَذْنا مِيثاقَكُمْ لا تَسْفِكُونَ دِماءَكُمْ وَلا تُخْرِجُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنْ دِيارِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ هؤُلاءِ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَتُخْرِجُونَ فَرِيقاً مِنْكُمْ مِنْ دِيارِهِمْ تَظاهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوانِ (البقرة 84، 85). أولا توحى إليك جملة ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ هؤُلاءِ بالفرق بين ما كان يجب أن يكونوا عليه، وما هم حقيقة عليه، فأى خيبة أمل تملأ النفس منهم، أو لا تدل هذه الجملة القصيرة على سخط شديد، وتعجب لأمور ما كان ينتظر حدوثها، ونتائج كانت المقدمات تمهد لغيرها. وقوله تعالى: وَقالُوا لَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مَنْ كانَ هُوداً أَوْ نَصارى تِلْكَ أَمانِيُّهُمْ قُلْ هاتُوا بُرْهانَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صادِقِينَ (البقرة 111). أولا تحس في قوله سبحانه: تِلْكَ أَمانِيُّهُمْ؛ بالتهكم اللاذع بهم، وأن تلك الأمانى التى تجول في صدورهم، لن تجد لها سبيلا إلى التحقق في غير أحلامهم.
وتستخدم الجملة الفعلية في القرآن للدلالة على التجدد والحدوث، والاسمية للثبوت والاستمرار، والمراد بالتجدد في الماضى حصوله، وفي المضارع تكراره، تأمل ذلك في قوله تعالى على لسان إبراهيم: الَّذِي خَلَقَنِي فَهُوَ يَهْدِينِ وَالَّذِي هُوَ يُطْعِمُنِي وَيَسْقِينِ وَإِذا مَرِضْتُ فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِ (الشعراء 78 - 80). فأتى في الخلق بالماضى لحصوله مرة واحدة، وفيما عداه بالمضارع لتكرره طول الحياة، وتأمل قوله تعالى: قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ مالِكَ الْمُلْكِ تُؤْتِي الْمُلْكَ مَنْ تَشاءُ وَتَنْزِعُ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّنْ تَشاءُ وَتُعِزُّ مَنْ تَشاءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَنْ تَشاءُ بِيَدِكَ الْخَيْرُ إِنَّكَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ تُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهارِ وَتُولِجُ النَّهارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَتُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَتُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَيِّ وَتَرْزُقُ مَنْ تَشاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسابٍ (آل عمران 26، 27). تجد المضارع هنا دالا على ما يتجدد من فعل الله سبحانه في كل حين، ومن الجملة الاسمية قوله تعالى: أُولئِكَ جَزاؤُهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَجَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهارُ خالِدِينَ فِيها (آل عمران 136).
وقد يتغير اتجاه الجملة تبعا لتغيّر الاتجاه النفسى ففاتحة الكتاب قد تلون فيها الحديث، وتغير اتجاه الجملة، فكان حديثا عن الله المستحق للحمد، وكان التصريح باسمه وصفاته مؤذنا بأنه أهل للحمد والثناء، فإذا كان المقام مقام العبادة والاستعانة، تحولت الجملة إلى الخطاب إيذانا بقربك ممن تحمد قربا قلبيا، ويسمح لك الشعور بهذا القرب أن تطلب منه العون والمساعدة، ويستمر الخطاب في الجمل إلى اهْدِنَا الصِّراطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ. صِراطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ حتى إذا جاء دور المغضوب عليهم، تحول
الأسلوب مرة أخرى، فمن تعظيم الله ترك مخاطبته بإسناد الغضب إليه والإضلال.
وقوله تعالى: وَقالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمنُ وَلَداً لَقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَيْئاً إِدًّا (مريم 88، 89).
فالانتقال من الحديث عنهم، إلى الحديث إليهم زيادة في تهديد من قالوا، ومواجهة لهم بالسخط عليهم، والتأنيب لهم. ومن ذلك قوله تعالى: سُبْحانَ الَّذِي أَسْرى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى الَّذِي بارَكْنا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ آياتِنا إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ (الإسراء 1). فقد يكون ظاهر السياق أن يقال: «سبحان الذى أسرى بعبده ليلا، من المسجد الحرام إلى المسجد الأقصى، الذى بارك حوله، ليريه من آياته، إنه هو السميع البصير»، ولكنه عدل عن الغيبة إلى الحضور في وسط الآية، تعظيما من شأن المسجد الأقصى، ومن شأن ما يرى الله من آياته. وقوله سبحانه: وَما لِيَ لا أَعْبُدُ الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (يس 22). فقد يتراءى أن اتجاه الآية يقضى بأن تنتهى بقوله: وإليه أرجع: ولكنه عدل عن ذلك؛ لأن المقام مقام نقاش بين من آمن ومن كفروا؛ فهو ينتهز كل فرصة ليقنعهم فيها بوجود الإيمان بالله واليوم الآخر. أولا تدلنا هذه الخاتمة على أن كمال الأدب هو الذى صاغ العبارة هذا الصوغ. وأنه يخفى وراءها قوله: وما لكم لا تعبدون الذى فطركم؛ وقد يكون في تعبيره هذا موحيا لهم بأنه لا يريد لهم غير ما يريد لنفسه؛ وذلك أسرع إلى قبول النصح، وأشد إظهارا للإخلاص.
ومن ذلك قوله سبحانه: هُوَ الَّذِي يُسَيِّرُكُمْ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ حَتَّى إِذا كُنْتُمْ فِي الْفُلْكِ وَجَرَيْنَ بِهِمْ بِرِيحٍ طَيِّبَةٍ وَفَرِحُوا بِها جاءَتْها رِيحٌ عاصِفٌ وَجاءَهُمُ الْمَوْجُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكانٍ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ أُحِيطَ بِهِمْ دَعَوُا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ لَئِنْ أَنْجَيْتَنا مِنْ هذِهِ لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ فَلَمَّا أَنْجاهُمْ إِذا هُمْ يَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ (يونس 22، 23). فقد كان السياق يقضى أن تسير الآية على الخطاب. ولكنه انتقل ليقص قصة هؤلاء الذين لا يذكرون الله إلا عند شدة تنزل بهم، حتى إذا انقضت المحنة بغوا في الأرض، وفي ذلك تعجيب من أمر هؤلاء القوم، وإنكار عليهم كفرهم بأنعم الله، ونسيانهم التخلص من المآزق متى ابتعدوا عنها، وفي الحديث عن غائبين إيحاء للمخاطبين بألا يفعلوا هذا الفعل المستنكر. وعلى منوال هذه الآية يجرى قوله تعالى: إِنَّ هذِهِ أُمَّتُكُمْ أُمَّةً واحِدَةً وَأَنَا رَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُونِ وَتَقَطَّعُوا أَمْرَهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ كُلٌّ إِلَيْنا راجِعُونَ (الأنبياء 92، 93).
وقوله سبحانه: يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعاً الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحيِي وَيُمِيتُ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَكَلِماتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ (الأعراف 158). فقد يكون ظاهر السياق يقضى أن يقول: (فآمنوا بالله وبى)، ولكنه عدل عن ذلك ليبين الدوافع التى تدعو إلى الإيمان به واتباعه».
وقوله تعالى: ثُمَّ اسْتَوى إِلَى السَّماءِ وَهِيَ دُخانٌ فَقالَ لَها وَلِلْأَرْضِ ائْتِيا طَوْعاً أَوْ كَرْهاً قالَتا أَتَيْنا طائِعِينَ فَقَضاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَماواتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَوْحى فِي كُلِّ سَماءٍ أَمْرَها وَزَيَّنَّا السَّماءَ الدُّنْيا بِمَصابِيحَ وَحِفْظاً ذلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ (فصلت 11، 12). فعند ما جاء الحديث عن زينة السماء الدنيا، نسب ذلك إلى نفسه صراحة، لما فيها من الجمال الذى يبهر نفس رائيه، والنفع الملموس لهم، فذكرهم الله بأنه خالق هذا الجمال، ومبدع هذه الزينة. وقوله سبحانه: وَأَوْحَيْنا إِلى مُوسى وَأَخِيهِ أَنْ تَبَوَّءا لِقَوْمِكُما بِمِصْرَ بُيُوتاً وَاجْعَلُوا بُيُوتَكُمْ قِبْلَةً وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (يونس 87)، فربما ظن أن وجه العبارة أن تسند الأفعال كلها إلى ضمير الاثنين: «موسى وهارون» ولكنه أسند الفعل مرتين إلى واو الجماعة إشارة إلى أن هذا التكليف لا يخصهما فحسب، بل هما وقومهما جميعا، ثم أفرد الفعل في آخر الآية يشير بذلك إلى أن المخاطب أولا وبالذات إنما هو أحدهما، وهو الرسول موسى.
ومن ذلك قوله تعالى: قالُوا يا هُودُ ما جِئْتَنا بِبَيِّنَةٍ وَما نَحْنُ بِتارِكِي آلِهَتِنا عَنْ قَوْلِكَ وَما نَحْنُ لَكَ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنْ نَقُولُ إِلَّا اعْتَراكَ بَعْضُ آلِهَتِنا بِسُوءٍ قالَ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ وَاشْهَدُوا أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ (هود 53، 54)، فلم يقل: وأشهدكم، لما يشعر به هذا التعبير من العناية بأمرهم، لجعلهم قرناء لله، فى الشهادة عليه؛ أما التعبير بفعل الأمر ففيه تنبيه لهم، وإيقاظ، حتى يتلقوا ما سيلقيه عليهم، مؤذنا إياهم بمباينتهم فيما يعبدون.
وتأمل سر تلوين الأسلوب في قوله تعالى: قُلْ أَمَرَ رَبِّي بِالْقِسْطِ وَأَقِيمُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وَادْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ كَما بَدَأَكُمْ تَعُودُونَ (الأعراف 29). فقد أبرز هذا التلوين العناية بكل واحد مما أمروا به على حدة، فاتجه أمر الرب إلى القسط وحده، ثم أمروا أمرا جديدا، بأن يقيموا وجوههم عند كل مسجد، وأمرا جديدا آخر بأن يدعوه مخلصين له الدين، وفي ذلك من العناية بتوكيد كل أمر ما فيه، ولم يجعل أحد هذه الأمور ملحقا بصاحبه- وانظر تفخيم أمر النبى صلوات الله عليه من تغيير نهج الأسلوب، فى قوله تعالى: وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ إِذْ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ جاؤُكَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا اللَّهَ وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُمُ الرَّسُولُ لَوَجَدُوا اللَّهَ تَوَّابــاً رَحِيماً (النساء 64). إذ لم يقل: واستغفرت لهم.
ومن ذلك استعمال أحد الفعلين الماضى والمضارع، موضع صاحبه، فيأتى بالمضارع مكان الماضى؛ لإحضار صورة الفعل أمام السامع، حتى لكأنه يشاهده؛ وليس ذلك مما يثيره الفعل الماضى، لأن سامعه قد يكتفى بأن يتخيل فعلا قد مضى، وربما لا يستحضر صورته أو تكرره. واقرأ قوله تعالى: أَفَكُلَّما جاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِما لا تَهْوى أَنْفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ فَفَرِيقاً كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقاً تَقْتُلُونَ (البقرة 87). تجد الفعل المضارع قد صور جريمتهم كأنهم يرتكبونها؛ وفي ذلك من التشنيع عليهم ما فيه. وقوله تعالى: وَاللَّهُ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ الرِّياحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحاباً فَسُقْناهُ إِلى بَلَدٍ مَيِّتٍ فَأَحْيَيْنا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها كَذلِكَ النُّشُورُ (فاطر 9). ففي (تثير) ما يحضر تلك الصورة الطبيعية، الدالة على القدرة الباهرة.
وقوله تعالى: وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَكَأَنَّما خَرَّ مِنَ السَّماءِ فَتَخْطَفُهُ الطَّيْرُ أَوْ تَهْوِي بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي مَكانٍ سَحِيقٍ (الحج 31). ففي ذكر المضارع استحضار صورة خطف الطير له، وهوىّ الريح به. ويستخدم الماضى مكان المضارع إشارة إلى تأكيد وقوع الفعل، حتى كأنه قد وقع، وذلك يكون فيما يستعظم من الأمور؛ ومن أمثلته قوله سبحانه وَيَوْمَ يُنْفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ فَفَزِعَ مَنْ فِي السَّماواتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا مَنْ شاءَ اللَّهُ وَكُلٌّ أَتَوْهُ داخِرِينَ (النمل 87). وقوله تعالى: وَيَوْمَ نُسَيِّرُ الْجِبالَ وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ بارِزَةً وَحَشَرْناهُمْ فَلَمْ نُغادِرْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَداً (الكهف 47). وقوله تعالى: أَتى أَمْرُ اللَّهِ فَلا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ سُبْحانَهُ وَتَعالى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ (النحل 1). وقوله تعالى: وَبَرَزُوا لِلَّهِ جَمِيعاً فَقالَ الضُّعَفاءُ لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعاً فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُغْنُونَ عَنَّا مِنْ عَذابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قالُوا لَوْ هَدانَا اللَّهُ لَهَدَيْناكُمْ سَواءٌ عَلَيْنا أَجَزِعْنا أَمْ صَبَرْنا ما لَنا مِنْ مَحِيصٍ (إبراهيم 21). وفي الإتيان بالماضى هنا من إيقاع الرهبة في النفوس ما فيه لأن الفعل كأنه قد تم، والقرآن يتحدث عنه، وفي استخدام الماضى في قوله تعالى: الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ ما أَنْزَلْنا مِنَ الْبَيِّناتِ وَالْهُدى مِنْ بَعْدِ ما بَيَّنَّاهُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْكِتابِ أُولئِكَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّاعِنُونَ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تابُوا وَأَصْلَحُوا وَبَيَّنُوا فَأُولئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَنَا الــتَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (البقرة 159، 160).
إشارة إلى ما اتسم به هؤلاء التائبون من مبادرة، وإسراع إلى التوبة. وفي قوله تعالى: وَلَوْ يَرَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا إِذْ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذابَ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعاً وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعَذابِ إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبابُ وَقالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَما تَبَرَّؤُا مِنَّا كَذلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعْمالَهُمْ حَسَراتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ وَما هُمْ بِخارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ (البقرة 165 - 167). تأكيد لما سيحدث في المستقبل حتى كأنه حدث.

كسر

كَسَرَ(n. ac. كَسْر)
a. Broke; broke off.
b. [acc. & 'Ala], Divided into ( chapters: book ).
c. Routed, defeated.
d. Subdued; humbled, abased.
e. [acc.
or
Min], Abated; quenched, allayed (thirst).
f. Sold by retail (goods).
g. Marked, pronounced with Kasra ( consonant).
h. [acc. & 'An], Turned, diverted from.
i. Folded, doubled (cushion); contorted (
tail ).
j. Wrinkled, contracted (eyelids); blinked
made to blink (eye).
k.(n. ac. كُسُوْر), Folded ( its wings ); glided down (
bird ).
l. [ coll. ], Annulled (
will ).
m. [pass.], Fell, dropped (wind).
n. see VII (e)
كَسَّرَa. Broke into pieces, smashed; crushed; wrecked.
b. Divided into fractions (number).
c. Used a broken form of ( a word ).
d. Crimped (hair).
e. Made languid.
f. ['Ala] [ coll. ], Civilized
refined.
g. [Fī] [ coll. ], Pronounced badly.

كَاْسَرَa. see I (j)
تَكَسَّرَa. Was broken, smashed; was divided, split up.
b. Was rippled (water); was crimped (
hair ); was wrinkled, creased, puckered; was
folded; was contracted.
c. Was languid; affected languor.
d. [ coll. ], Was civilized
refined.
إِنْكَسَرَa. Broke; became broken.
b. Was routed, defeated; was subdued, humbled.
c. [An], Was unable to do.
d. Remitted, flagged; became languishing (
look ).
e. Became abated, allayed; lessened; diminished
fell.
f. Became soft (dough).
g. Was creased, folded &c.
h. Failed, became bankrupt.

إِكْتَسَرَa. see I (a)
كَسْرa. Rupture; fracture; breakage.
b. (pl.
كُسُوْر & كُسُوْرَات )
Fraction.
c. Crease, wrinkle, ply, plait, fold.
c. see 1t (a) & 2
(a), (b).
كَسْرَةa. Kasra ( كَسِرَ) ( vowel point ).
b. (pl.
كَسَرَات), Fracture.
c. Defeat, overthrow, rout.

كَسْرَىa. see 2ya
كِسْر
(pl.
كُسُوْر أَكْسَاْر)
a. Limb; part of a limb; bone.
b. Side; side-wall; flap ( of a tent ).
c. Large (vessel).
كِسْرَة
(pl.
كِسَر كِسَْرَات )
a. Piece, portion, fragment, morsel.

كِسْرَى
(pl.
كُسُوْر
أَكَاْسِرُ
أَكَاْسِرَة
37t
&
a. كَسَاسِرَة ), Chosroes, title of
the Persian kings.
مَكْسِر
(pl.
مَكَاْسِرُ)
a. Broken place; breakage; fracture; breach.
b. Side, opening ( in a canal ).
c. Stock, race, origin.
d. Lumber.

كَاْسِر
(pl.
كُسَّر)
a. Breaking; breaker, smasher.
b. Folding, doubling.
c. [art.], The eagle.
كَاْسِرَة
(pl.
كُسَّر
كَوَاْسِرُ
41)
a. fem. of
كَاْسِر
كُسَاْرa. Fragments.

كُسَاْرَةa. see 24b. [ coll. ], Freshly ploughed
earth.
كَسِيْر
(pl.
كَسْرَى
1ya
كَسَاْرَى)
a. Broken.
b. Brokenlegged.

كَسِيْرَةa. fem. of
كَسِيْر
كُسُوْرa. Windings; ravines ( of a valley ).

كَسَّاْرa. Breaker, smasher.

إِكْسِيْرa. Philosopher's stone; elixir.

كَوَاْسِرُ
a. [art.], Plungers ( camels that break their
harness ).
N. P.
كَسڤرَa. Broken.
b. Defeated, routed.
c. Bankrupt.
d. Marked with a Kasra ( كَسِرَ) (consonant).
N. P.
كَسَّرَa. Broken, smashed.
b. Rough, uneven, rugged; intersected by torrents (
valley ).
c. [ coll. ], Broken in; civilized.

N. Ac.
إِنْكَسَرَa. Defeat, overthrow, rout.
b. Bankruptcy, failure, insolvency.

جَمْع التَّكْسِيْر
جَمْع مُكَسَّر
a. Broken plural ( irregular plur. ).

مُكَاسِرِيّ
a. Adjoining; next door; next-door ( neighbour).
رَأَيْتَةُ مُنْكَسِرًا
a. I saw him in a languid state.

كَاْسَرَ

كَاسَرَهُ فِى البَيْع
a. [ coll. ], He beat him down in
price.
كَسْطَال كَسْطَل
a. Dust.

كسر: كسر: حطم، هشّم. وكسر فلان الوصية نقضها وخالفها (محيط المحيط ص780).
كسر قلب فلان: (معجم البلاذري، معجم الطرائف، بدورن 10: 151). كسر خاطره: أحزنه وأشجاه وآلمه كسر الخاطر أو القلب كدَّره وأغمَّه وفتته.
كسر: خفّض، انقض، أنزل، قهر كبرياءه؛ كسر نفسه ردعه من زهوه وتبجحه (بوشر، كوسج، كرست 17، 12 كسر نفسه لها).
كسر: قاطع، أوقف، أخَّر (مملوك 2، 2، 51 معجم البلاذري) كسر الشيء على فلان: حبس ماله واحتجزه.
كسر: نقد، لاَمَ، استهجن. ورد عند (محمد بن الحارث ص279): فعاب عليه فعله وكسر رأيه فانصرف القاضي عن رأيه.
كسر على: (البيان 2، 78 وأماري 186، 8): أراد الخروج مع أسد فشاور في ذلك سحنون فكسر عليه وقال له لا تفعل.
كسر عن: ... غيَّر من فلان رأيه ونحو ذلك كسره عن مراده= صرفه ويقال في المحاكم كسر الحاكمُ التاجرَ حكم بإفلاسه (محيط المحيط ص780).
كسر: يبدو إنها تعني استدار مقبلاً من زاوية (رياض النفوس 92: بينما هو يوماً يوذن مرَّ بقريه أحد الأشخاص وكان يروم هتك عرض أحد الصبيان فاستنجد به الصبيّ فصرخ بالرجل دعه يا فاسق إلا أن هذا شمته وهدده بخنجره؛ فدعا المؤذن ربه أن يقتله في الحال؛ فما هو إلا ان كسر ركن المسجد وإذا بالصبي قد أقبل ليقول له المعتدي قد قُتِل.
كسر: بذّر المال (هذا ما يبدو من العبارة التي وردت في السطر الثاني من الفصل التاسع ص355 من ألف ليلة وليلة). كسر أنفه: ضربه على أنفه وأذلّه (مجازاً).
كسر على جفنه: طرف بعينه (الأغلب 62): ولم يكن أحول وإنما كان يكسر على جفنه إذا نظر.
كسر حاجيبه: أشار بطرف عينه إشارة الاستحسان (فوك).
كسر حدَّة: أضعف مفعول الشيء. خفف ملوحته (بوشر).
كسر خليج القاهرة: قطع سد القنال الذي يحيط بالقاهرة وقت الفيضان الموسمي للنيل (كوسج. كرست 121، 4).
كسر شهوته: أرضى شهيته، وأشبعها. (رياض النفوس99): أراد من خادمه أن يشتري له توابــل للغسانية بدينارين فقال له يشتري له توابــل للغسانية بدينارين فقال له الخادم هذا مبلغ كبير يكفر 300 شخص، وأنت إنما تكسر شهوتك على رُبع مُدّ ورُبع قفيز عسل الخ. إن تعبير كسر الصفرة يعني كسر أول الشهية للطعام أو كسر حدّة الجوع (باسم 78): حين قدم الحلواني المرطبات لباسم قال له: اشتهى أنك تنظر وتكسر الصفرة عندنا بين ما نعمل الغدا عند السرائجي.
كسر كعب حذائه: يبدو إنها تعني أبلي كعب حذائه (بالسير) أو ثنى من الداخل الجوانب العليا من الحذاء. (أنظرها في مادة كعب).
يقال خف بكَسْر: خف مكسور وخف مكسّر (معجم جغرافيا).
كسر على: ألغى، أزال، أبطل. (اللطائف. الثعالبي 115، 2) وقد كسر محمد - على ذكر منافعه أسيئت ترجمتها في المعجم).
كسر على: مكث أمام (مدينة) (حيان 86): إلى أن احتل مدينة اشبيلية- فكسر عليها يومين وبان له امتناع أهلها.
كسّر رأسه: شجَّ رأسه، ثابر بشدة على الدراسة (بوشر).
كسَّر: قتل (مارجريت 25): (الأسد كسر ثوري= قتله).
كسّر: جعّد، قبّض، قلّص، شنّج (فوك) وباللاتينية cincinni يقصد cincinnatus أجعد مفتول مُكسّر.
مكسر: حين تستعمل الكلمة بصيغة المبني للمجهول فهي تعني أثداء المرأة التدالية الرخوة (بوسييه، تاريخ العرب، الجزء الثامن) (مادة مكسور).
كسّر: ردَّ أرجعَ، وفي (محيط المحيط ص780) وكسّرت المرآة النور.
كسّر: قاس، مسح (أرضاً) ذرع (كوليوس، فوك، ألكالا، بكري 25، 42، الادريسي، كليم، 1، القسم السابع تكسيرها ألف ميل ومائتا ميل كليم 3 القسم الخامس وتكسير هذه الغيضة 12 ميلاً في مثلها رحلة ابن جبير 88، 2، ياقوت 19:1، 17، 29، 20، 30، 31، 522، 21، كرتاس 37، 2، 38، 1، 129، 4، وما تلاه معجم البيان 14، 8) يجب أن لا نحدث تغييراً فيه) وانظره أيضاً في مادة مرجع؛ والمعجم اللاتيني يضع أمام الكلمة مرادفها اللاتيني Artimetica علم التكسير والحساب، والمساحة والمهندس والمساح مكسّر (ويطلق ألكالا عليه مُكَسّر Medidor de la tierre) .
كسّر: حدد مساحة الشكل الهندسي (معجم المارودي).
كسّر على أنظر في معجم (فوك) في مادة ( astucia) .
كاسَر: المضاربة (في خفض الأسعار) في السوق (وفي محيط المحيط ص780): وكاسره في البيع مكاسرة طلبي منه نقص الثمن. (مولّدة).
كاسر: (في الفصل الحادي عشر، 46، 4 دي ساسي دبلوماسية) أقسَمَ سفير جنوة قائلاً ... ولا على إنه بقيَ لهم شيء عند أحد من الجنوية وأخفيته وكاسرت عنه وقد ترجمها الناشر (لم أخفَ شيئاً ولم أطرح شيئاً).
متكسّر: أنظر فيما تقدم جعّد وكّرش وقلّص (الادريسي 60، 6).
متكسّر: منعكس (محيط المحيط).
منكسّر: غريق (رين دبلوماسية: 117، 2 وأي جفن تكسّر أو رمت به الريح أو البحر .. الخ).
متكسّر: متخدّر، فاتر الهمة، مسترخ؛ وفي (محيط المحيط ص780) (التكسّر عند الأطباء حالة يجد الإنسان فيها اختلافاً في البرد ونخساً في الجلد والعضل) أي إن (محيط المحيط) يميّز المخبول عن المتكسّر من كثرة النوم.
انكسار: صاحب القلب الكسير، الأسيف (معجم البلاذري) (معجم الطرائف) (أخبار 86، 1) (وصف مصر 14/ 198): الذي أتى بانكسارٍ لباب الكريم وعند بوشر انكسر خاطره.
انكسر: وقع، سقط، انهار، انطرح، ارتمى وذلك عند الحديث عن جَمَلٍ حمّلوه أكثر مما يجب (بركهارت أمثال رقم 17).
انكسر: انقطع، توقف، كفَّ عن، توقف عن؛ ففي (محمد بن حيان ص296): فوبخه الناس وقالوا قد أنصفك إذ وكل مَنْ يناظرك فانكسر وفي (ص320): ففعلت ما دلّني عليه ابن لبابه له ما قال لي فانكسر عند ذلك ورجع عما كرهت.
وفي (ص341): وقد أتته امرأة تخاصم زوجها فاستطالت عليه بلسانها وآذته بصلفها فنظر إليها وقال لها اقصري وإلا عاقبتك فانكسرت المرأة شيئاً ثم عاودت الصلف.
انكسر: توقف، انقطع، تأخَّر. انكسر عليه مال وتعني استحق عليه دفع مبلغ من المال (مملوك 2، 52) وكذلك مثل انكسر له مال أي استحق له مبلغ من المال. ففي (رياض النفوس 94): متولي أخبار سوسة أو مستأجر هذه الأحبار: قيل إنه انكسر عليه من جملة الكرا مال فأدى ذلك من ماله ولم يضطر السكّان إلى الغرم رقة منه عليهم.
انكسر: انتهى: توقف (معجم الثعالبي- لطائف، معجم البلاذري).
انكسر: حين ينكسر شيء، قضاء وقدراً، يقال انكسر الشر يريدون بذلك إن الشيء التافه الذي انكسر قد منع حدثاً أكبر وأخطر منه بكثير (بوشر).
انكسر: غرق (أماري 346، 5، 347، 2؛ دي ساسي دبلوماسية 9، 468 أماري أيضاً 3، 1).
انكسر: تستعمل عند وصف أثداء المرأة الرخوة المتهدلة. (بكري 158، 3).
انكسر: انهار، أفلس (بوشر، همبرت 105، محيط المحيط وفيه انكسر التاجر أفلس. والعسكر غلب وانهزم وتبدد فهو مكسور فيهما ولا يُقال منكسر؛ وفي (ألف ليلة 1، 121 برسل 9، 210، 250): انكسر عن ثمانمائة ألف غرش أي فلس عن ثمانمائة ألف قرش.
انكسر أنفه: تعني أن أنفه قد كُسر فإن استعملت مجازاً عنت فشل ولم تنجح (بوشر).
انكسرت السهام على الرؤوس: لم تنقسم انقساماً صحيحاً (محيط المحيط ص780 وهو مأخوذ من لكسر في الحساب) (محيط المحيط).
انكسار العين= كسر العين: رف، طرف (بعينه)، خلسة، غمز، أشار بطرف عينه (أنظر معجم مسلم).
كسر وجمعها كسور: كسر، فك كاسر، صادم، جزء مكسور، فصل، شق مَكْسر، مكان الكسر، شِقاق (بوشر). (محيط المحيط). كسر وجمعها كسور: شظية، الجزء من الخشب المكسور.
كسور وكسورات: (شولتز في فريتاج 35 ومعجم أبو الفداء) اصطلاح حسابي، كسر، (بوشر، بيروني 7، 1، 18 و10، 1، 7، ومقدمة ابن خلدون 3، 35، 16) ويقال يوماً وكسراً أي أكثر من يوم ويقال قيراطا إلا كسراً .. الخ معجم الادريسي.
كسر: أول حراثة في الأرض (ابن العوام 2، 9، 1، 18).
كسر: إبطال التأثير، تحييد، محايدة. (بوشر).
كَسر: الكسر عن قراءة القرآن هو الإمالة المحضة (محيط المحيط ص780).
كَسر وكِسر: في مادة كسر البيت يُفهم إنه الجزء الأكثر خفاءً أو عزلة من البيت (مقدمة ابن خلدون جزء 3، 226، 4، المقري 2، 404): لزوم كسر بيته: آثر العزلة (ترجمة ابن خلدون بقلمه 197، 241 المقري 1، 897، 20؛ وكذلك قعد في كسر بيته (المقري 1، 699، 17). رفع له كسر البيت: هيأ له ملجأ وحمى (البربرية 2، 342، 5).
كَسرة: وجمعها كسرات وكسور: فضلة، فتات الخبز؛ وفي هذا المعنى كان الجمع لدى (المقري) كسوراً (2، 929، 7).
كسرة: إفلاس، كسرة تاجر (بوشر، همبرت 105).
رجل ذو كسرات وهدرات: أي يغبن في كل شيء (محيط المحيط ص780).
كسرى والجمع كسور: نقود ملوك المجوس مثل قولنا لويس (من الذهب) ونابليون (من الذهب) (معجم المارودي).
كَسري: عدد كسري، ذو كسور (بوشر).
الكسر جوز والكسر لوز نوعان من أنواع العصافير (ياقوت 1، 885 الجزء الخامس).
كَسُور: الذي يكسر (ديوان الهذليين 245، 9).
كَسُور: وردت نعتاً لبغلة (في ألف ليلة رقم 1، 65).
كُسور: تكملة، تتمة، رصيد باق، مكمل لمبلغ من نقود صغير (بوشر).
كسير: مغلوب، مخذول (مملوك 1، 2، 273).
كُسارة: شق، فطر (ألف ليلة 1، 70، 12).
كسّار: كاسر؛ كسار الصوت، محارب الايقونات، عدو التقاليد (بوشر). كسّار وحدها أو كسار الحطب هو الحطّاب (بوشر).
كسّار الطواجن: سوسن (شيرب).
كسّار العظام: عقاب منسوري (ألكالا).
كاسر وجمعها كواسر: وهي الكواسر من الطير والمفترسة منها (بوشر) و (ألف ليلة 3، 449). طير كاسر: طير مفترس (بوشر).
كاسر: مصلح، مخفف، ملطف (بوشر).
كاسر الحجر: فصيلة من ذوات الفلقتين كثيرة التويجات (ابن البيطار 2، 339 وهو لدى بوشر كاسر وحدها).
إكسير: أصلها من الكلمة اليونانية اكسيروس وهو أصلاً عقار يابس يسحق ويمزج عليه اسم حجر الفلاسفة؛ وبالرغم من أن أصل الكلمة واشتقاقها يستعمل في تحضيرات بعض السوائل أي أن من الإكسير ما هو سائل أيضاً. (ينظر معجم فليشر ص70) و (زيشر 30، 536). فضة إكسير؟ (1، 370، 9 المقري).
إكسيرين: دواء مركَّب لعلاج الرمد (معجم المنصوري) ولم يكن (فوك) دقيقاً في كتابة الكلمة: إكسيريُن. أما (باين سميث فقد كتبها مرتين بفتح الراء ومرة واحدة بضم الياء).
تكسّر: عند الأطباء حالة يجد الإنسان فيها اختلافاً في البرد ونخساً في الجلد والعضل اختلافاً في البرد ونخساً في الجلد والعضل (محيط المحيط ص780).
تكسير: فصل، كسر، شق، وقشرة الأرض تقصّفها والجدار تشققه. (دوماس 425).
تكاسير الجلد: غضونة (معجم المنصوري في مادة غضون).
تكسير: مرونة الأعضاء (المقري 2، 163).
تكسير: وجع وتكسر في الجسد يطلق عليه الأطباء اسم الدعث والترصيم يصيب الإنسان والفرس يحدث فيه تيبساً وتقبضاً وهو ينشأ من تعب عظيم (بوشر).
تكسير: تبديل العملة بنقود أصغر منها (بوشر).
تكسير: التكسير عند المهندسين يستعمل بمعنى المساحة وعند أهل الجفر هو نوع من البسط، ويطلق على التحريف أيضاً، وعلم التكسير هو علم الجفر (محيط المحيط ص780).
تكسير: اصطلاح في علم أسرار الحروف (أنظر مقدمة ابن خلدون الجزء الثالث ص138 و147).
مَكْسر: صُلْب المكسِر: نوع راق (من الحنطة) (معجم الجغرافيا).
طيب المكسر: أي محمود عند الخبيرة (محيط المحيط) (وفي ديوان أبي تمام ورد في الهامش -مخطوطة 899 - ليّن الجانب للمعنى نفسه).
مكسر: اصطلاح عند النجارين. ولعلهم يقصدون به العرضة الخشبية التي تدعم السقف. وتعني أيضاً: جائزاً، رافدة، كمرة أو جسراً من الحديد؛ إن هذه الكلمة كُتبت (عند باين سميث 736) على هذه الشاكلة، أي مكسر. ثلاث مرات إلا أن المعنى نفسه اختلفت فيه التسمية في المواضع أخرى ففي ص1652 نجد المكنس والمكنجس وورد مرتين باسم المسكن وورد عند (بار علي ص4547) المكبس.
مكسَّر: كل ما هو أقل من العيار، إذا توخينا الدقة الحرفية في معنى هذه الكلمة أو ما هو أقل من الوزن النسبي للنقود ولكن في ال Transoxiane ( الدراهم) المكسّرة هي نوع من النقود (معجم الجغرافيا).
مكسّرات: اللوز والجوز المكسّر. (تبعاً لترجمة لألف ليلة وليلة الجزء الثالث، 215، برسل 1، 149، 4 المقري 1، 687، 13).
مكسور: حيث يراد حفظ الزيتون يقطف وهو أخضر ويضرب بالحجر الأملس أو بقطة خشبية إلى أن يتم هرسه فيسمى آنذاك الزيتون المكسور (ابن العوام) (1، 686، 3 - 6).
مكسور: عند الحديث عن الذهب أنظر معنى الكلمة سك في معناها الأول؛ (براكس، جريدة الشرق والجزائر) (ص342/ 6) يتطرق إلى وصف مزيل للشعر يدخل في صناعته كبريتور الذهب المكسور (إلى قطع).
مكسور: معزول وذلك عند الحديث عن قناة منقطعة لا تتصل بقناة أخرى أو بمجرى مائي آخر (معجم البلاذري).
مكسور: البضاعة أو الشيء الزهيد الثمن (ألف ليلة 9/ 199).
مكسور: مفلس، مشهر إفلاسه (بوشر، همبرت 106).
مكسور: غريق (وفي الأغلب سفينة غارقة) (دي ساسي دبلوماسية 11/ 43/9). نظر مكسور: نظرات متيّمة (بوشر).
انكسار: تواضع، خشوع، خضوع. (بوشر).
منكسر النفس: متواضع (بوشر).

كسر

1 كَسَرَهُ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ اكتسرهُ: (K;) [He broke it: or the latter signifies he broke it off: or it is similar to إِقْتَطَعَهُ and the like and signifies he broke it off for himself: for] you say مِنْهُ طَرَفًا ↓ اكتسرتُ [I broke off, or broke off for myself, from it, an extremity]. (A.) You say ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and إِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا, putting each of the inf. ns. in the place of the other, because of their agreement in meaning, not in respect of being trans. and intrans. (Sb, TA.) b2: كُسِرَ He had his leg broken; his leg broke. (Mgh.) b3: فُلَانٌ يَكْسِرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, (A, K,) or الأَرْعَاظَ, (K,) or ↓ يُكَسِّرُ, (as in the CK, * and in a MS copy of the K, but we find the former reading in art. رعظ in the K,) [lit., Such a one breaks against thee the notch of the arrow, or the sockets of the arrow-heads: meaning,] (tropical:) such a one is angry with thee: (A, K:) or is vehemently angry with thee. (K, art. رعظ, in which see further explanations.) b4: [كُسِرَ بَيْنَهُمْ رُمْحٌ lit., A spear was broken among them: meaning, (assumed tropical:) a quarrel occurred among them. (Reiske, cited by Freytag, but whether from a classical author is not said; and explained by him as signifying Simultas inter eos intercessit.)] b5: كَسَرَ الكِتَابَ عَلَى عِدَّةِ أَبْوَابٍ وَفُصُولٍ (tropical:) [He divided the book, or writing, into a number of chapters and sections]. (A.) b6: كَسَرَ الشَّعْرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) [He broke the measure of the poetry;] he did not make the measure of the poetry correct. (TA.) b7: كَسَرْتُ القَوْمَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I [broke, crushed, routed, or] defeated, the people or party. (Msb.) b8: كَسَرْتُ خَصْمِى (tropical:) [I defeated my adversary]. (A.) b9: [كَسَرَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) He broke, or subdued, his spirit. b10: (assumed tropical:) He abased, or humbled, himself.] b11: كَسَرْتُ مِنْ سَوْرَتِهِ (tropical:) [I broke, or subdued, or abated, somewhat of his impetuosity, or violence, or tyranny, or anger]. (A.) b12: كَسَرَ حُمَيَّا الخَمْر بِالْمِزَاجِ (tropical:) [He broke, or subdued, or abated, the intoxicating influence of the wine by the mixture of water]. (A.) b13: كَسَرَ مِنْ بَرْدِ المَآءِ, and حَرِّهِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He abated, or allayed, somewhat of the coldness of the water, and its heat. (TA.) b14: اِكْسِرْ عَنَّا: see an ex. voce رُوبَةٌ. b15: [كَسَرَ العَطَشَ (assumed tropical:) It abated, or allayed, thirst.] b16: كَسَرَ مَتَاعَهُ (tropical:) He sold his goods by retail, one piece of cloth after another: (IAar, K:) because, [on the contrary,] wholesale makes them to find purchasers readily. (TA) b17: كَسَرْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَنْ مُرَادِهِ (assumed tropical:) I turned the man, averted him, or turned him back, from his desire. (Msb.) b18: يَكْسِرُ ذَنَبَهُ بَعْدَ مَا أَشَالَهُ [app. (assumed tropical:) He contorts his tail after raising it], said of a camel. (K.) b19: كَسَرَ الثَّوْبَ, and الجِلْدَ, (assumed tropical:) He folded, and he creased, the garment, or piece of cloth, and the skin. Ex. of the former signification, [in which the pronoun refers to a tent:] مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ [(assumed tropical:) Where its two sides are folded]. (S.) You say also كَسَرَ الوِسَادَ, meaning (tropical:) He folded, or doubled, the pillow, or cushion, and leaned, or reclined, upon it. (K.) See also كَاسِرٌ. b20: كَسَرَ جَفْنَهُ نَحْوَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He blinked, (lit. he wrinkled his eyelid) towards him]. (Mgh. art. غمز.) You say also, رِيحٌ حَارَّةٌ تَكْسِرُ العَيْنَ حَرًّا (assumed tropical:) [A hot wind, that makes the eye to blink, or contract and wrinkle the eyelids, by reason of heat]. (K, art. خوص.) And كَسَرَ عَيْنَهُ, (A,) and كَسَرَ مِنْ طَرْفِهِ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He contracted (غَضَّ, q. v.,) his eye, or eyes; [so as to wrinkle the lids; in which sense the former phrase is used in the present day:] (K:) and كَسَرَ عَلَى

طَرْفِهِ, accord. to Th, he contracted (غَضَّ) his eye, or eyes, somewhat: (TA:) [or perhaps عَلَى is here a mistake for عَلَىَّ, in which case we must read طَرْفَهُ, so that the meaning would be as above with the addition at me:] and ↓ مُكَاسَرَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ signifies المُغَاضَنَةُ [i. e. the contracting of the eyes so as to wrinkle the lids]. (S, K, in art. غضن.) b21: كَسَرَ الطَّائِرُ جَنَاحَيْهِ, (A, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (TA;) and كَسَرَ alone, (S, A, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) or in this case, when the wings are not mentioned, كُسُورٌ [only]; which shows that a verb, when its objective complement is forgotten [or suppressed], and the inf. n. [for الحَدِيثُ in my original I read الحَدَثُ] itself is desired [to be expressed], follows the way of an intrans. verb; (A;) [ for فُعُولٌ is by rule the measure of the inf. n. of an intrans. verb, of the measure فَعَلَ, such as قَعَدَ, inf n. قُعُودٌ, and جَلَسَ, inf. n. جُلُوسٌ, and فَعْلٌ of that of a trans. verb;] (tropical:) The bird contracted his wings, (S, A, K,) or contracted them somewhat, (TA,) so that he might descend in his flight, (S,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b22: [كَسَرَ الحَرْفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, He pronounced the letter with the vowel termed kesr: and he marked the letter with the sign of that vowel. A conv. phrase of lexicology and grammar.]

A2: See also 7.2 كسّرهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (Msb,) is with teshdeed to denote muchness [of the action] or multiplicity [of the objects] (S) [He broke it much, in pieces, or into many pieces: or many times, or repeatedly; or he broke it, meaning a number or collection of things.] b2: فُلَانٌ يُكَسِّرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, or الأَرْعَاظَ: see 1. b3: [كسّرهُ also signifies He divided it (i. e. a number, and a measure,) into fractions.] b4: كسّرهُ الكَرَى (tropical:) [Drowsiness made him languid]. (A, TA in art. هيض.] b5: [كسّر شَعَرَهُ, inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (assumed tropical:) He crimped his hair, see رَطَّلَ.]

A2: كسّر المَآءُ الوَادِى (tropical:) The water made [the كُسُور, i. e.,] the turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف,) of the valley, and the parts thereof eaten away by torrents, to flow with water. (Th.) 3 كَاْسَرَ see 1.5 تكّسر, (S, A, Msb, K,) quasi-pass. of 2, (Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken, much, in pieces, or into many pieces; or many times, or repeatedly; or it (a number or collection of things) broke, or became broken.] b2: [Said of water, and of sand, (assumed tropical:) It became rippled by the wind. And of crisp hair, (assumed tropical:) It became crimped; or became rimpled, as though crimped. (In these senses it is used in the S in art. حبك, &c. See حِبَاكٌ.) Also said of the skin, (assumed tropical:) It became wrinkled: see تَغَضَّنَ. Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and of a coat of mail, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded, and it became creased, much, or in several, or many places. See an ex. below, voce كِسْرٌ.] b3: [And hence, as meaning, (assumed tropical:) It became contracted,] said also of the eye. (TA in art. خشع.) [See 1.] b4: [(tropical:) He was, or became, languid, or loose in the joints. And (assumed tropical:) He affected languor, or languidness: a very common signification.] You say, فِيهِ تَخَنُّثٌ وَتَكَسُّرٌ (assumed tropical:) [In him is effeminacy, and affectation of languor or languidness]. (A.) And one says of an effeminate man, تكسّر فِى كَلَامِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He affected languor, or languidness, in his speech], (IDrd, O, voce تَفَرَّكَ,) and also مَشْيِهِ [his walk]. (K, ibid.) See also 7.7 انكسر, quasi-pass. of 1, (S, A, Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken.] You say, ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and اِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا. (Sb, TA. See 1.) b2: انكسرت السِّهَامُ عَلَى الرُّؤُوسِ (assumed tropical:) The portions became fractional to the several heads; were not divisible into whole numbers. (Msb.) b3: انكسر الشِّعْرُ (assumed tropical:) The poetry became [broken, or] incorrect in measure. (TA.) b4: [انكسر القَوْمُ (assumed tropical:) The people became broken, or defeated.] b5: انكسر خَصْمِى (tropical:) [My adversary became defeated.] (A.) b6: [انكسرت نَفْسُهُ (assumed tropical:) His spirit became broken, or subdued: and انكسر, alone, he became broken in spirit; his sharpness of temper, vehemence of mind, or fierceness, became broken, or subdued; he became meek, gentle, or humble.] b7: [انكسر, said of a man, also signifies, very frequently, (tropical:) He became languid, or languishing. See the act. part. n., below. And see 5.] فَتْرَةٌ and اِنْكِسَارٌ and ضَعْفٌ are syn. (S, art. فتر.) b8: انكسر عَنِ الشَّىْءِ (assumed tropical:) He lacked power, or ability, to do, or accomplish the thing. And انكسر [alone] (assumed tropical:) He, or it, (said of anything, [man or beast,]) remitted, flagged, or became remiss, in an affair, lacking power, or ability, to perform, or accomplish, it. (TA.) b9: انكسر نَظَرُ الطَّرْفِ (assumed tropical:) The look of the eye, or eyes, became languid, or languishing; syn. فَتَرَ. (IKtt, in TA, art. فتر.) And انكسر طَرْفُهُ (assumed tropical:) [His eye, or eyes, or sight, became languid, or languishing, or not sharp]. (T, K, art. فتر.) b10: Also انكسر, said of the coldness of water, [and of cold, absolutely, and of the heat of water,] and of heat, [absolutely,] and of anything, (TA,) for instance, of a price, and so ↓ كَسَرَ, (Fr. in TA, art. قط,) (assumed tropical:) It abated, or became allayed; or, [said of heat,] it became languid, or faint. (TA.) b11: Said of dough, (assumed tropical:) It became soft, and leavened, or good, and fit to be baked. (TA.) b12: [Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded; it became creased. Ex.:] يَطْوِى الثِّيَابَ أَوَّلَ طَيِّهَا حَتَّى تَنْكَسِرَ عَلَى طَبِّهِ [He folds the garments, or pieces of cloth, the first time of folding them, so that they may crease agreeably with his folding]. (S, K, voce قَسَامِىٌّ.

[In one copy of the S, I find تَتَكَسَّرَ in the place of تَنْكَسِرَ, which latter reading I find in a better copy of the same work.]) 8 إِكْتَسَرَ see 1, first sentence.

كَسْرٌ: see كِسْرٌ, throughout. b2: (tropical:) A fraction, or broken part of an integral, as the half, and the tenth, and the fifth; (Msb;) what does not amount to an integral portion: (K:) pl. كُسُورٌ. (A, Msb.) You say, ضَرَبَ الحُسَّابُ الكُسُورَ بَعْضَهَا فِى بَعْضٍ (tropical:) [The calculator multiplied the fractions together]. (A.) b3: Little in quantity or number: (ISd, K:) as though it were a fraction of much. (ISd.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A crease, wrinkle, ply plait, or fold, in skin, and in a garment or piece of cloth; (JK, S, * K, * voce غَرٌّ, in the CK غُرّ; and so accord. to the explanation of the pl. in the present art. in the TA;) as also ↓ مَكْسِرٌ: (accord. to the explanations of its pl. in the S, Mgh, Msb voce غَضْنٌ:) pl. of the former كُسُورٌ: (JK, S, voce غَرٌّ; and TA in the present art.;) and of the latter, مَكَاسِرُ. (S, Mgh, Msb, voce غَضْنٌ; &c.) b5: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

A2: [As a conventional term in grammar, A vowel-sound, well known; the sign for which is termed ↓ كَسْرَةٌ.]

كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ, (S, K, &c.,) the latter of which is [said to be] of higher authority (أَعْلَى) than the former, [but this is doubtful, for the former is certainly the more common,] (TA,) A portion of a limb: or a complete limb: (K:) or a limb by itself, which is not mixed with another: (TA:) or half of a bone, with the flesh that is upon it: (K:) or a bone upon which there is not much flesh, (S, K,) and which is broken; otherwise it is not thus called: (S) or any bone: (AHeyth:) or a limb of a camel: (TA:) or of a human being or other: (ISd. TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَكْسَارٌ (TA) and [of mult.]

كُسُورٌ. (S, TA.) b2: كِسرُ قَبِيحٍ, (S, K,) and قَبِيحٍ ↓ كَسْرُ, (S,) The bone of the سَاعِد [here meaning the upper half of the arm, from the part next the middle to the elbow. (El-Umawee, S, K.) [See also قَبِيحٌ. And كسر حَسَنٍ signifies The upper part of that bone.] b3: Also كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ The side of a بَيْت [or tent]: (K:) or the part of [each of] the two sides thereof that descends from the طَرِيقَتَانِ [app. meaning the two outer poles of the middle row]; every tent having two such, on the right and left: (TA:) or the lowest شُقَّة [or oblong piece of cloth] of a [tent of the kind called] خِبَآء: (A, K:) or the part of that شقّه which is folded or creased (تَكَسَّرَ وَتَثَنَّى) upon the ground: (K:) or the lowest شقّة of a بَيْت [or tent], that is next the ground, from where its (the tent's) two sides are folded (مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ), on thy right hand, and thy left. (ISk, S.) b4: Also, (K,) or ↓ كَسْرٌ [only], (TA,) [but for this limitation there appears no reason,] A side (K, TA) of anything; as, [for instance,] of a desert: (TA:) pl. أَكْسَارٌ and كُسُورٌ [app. in all the senses: see above]. (K.) b5: قِدْرٌ كِسْرٌ, and أَكْسَارٌ, (TA,) and إِنَآءٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (IAar,) and جَفْنَةٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (K,) A cooking-pot, (TA,) and a vessel, (IAar,) and a bowl, (K,) large, and [composed of several pieces] joined together: (IAar, K:) because of its greatness or its oldness: as though, in the second and following phrases, the term كسر applied to every distinct part of it. (TA.) b6: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

كَسْرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A defeat. You say, وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِمُ الكَسْرَةُ Defeat befell them. (Msb.) A2: See also كَسْرٌ.

كِسْرَةٌ (in some copies of the K كِسْرٌ, but this is a mistake, TA,) A piece of a broken thing: (S, K:) or rather a piece broken from a thing: (TA:) or a fragment, or broken piece, of a thing: (Msb:) pl. كِسَرٌ. (S, Msb, K.) Yousay, كِسْرَةٌ مِنْ الخُبْزِ A broken piece of bread. (Msb.) See also كُسَارٌ.

كِسْرَى and كَسْرَى, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, accord. to Th and others, and it alone is allowed by Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (Msb,) A name (TA) applied to the king of the Persians, (Msb, K, TA,) or a surname of the kings of the Persians, (S,) like النَّجَاشِىُّ, a name of the king of Abyssinia, (TA), arabicized from خُسْرَوْ, (S, K,) which means “ possessing ample dominion, ” (K,) in the Persian language: so they say: but خُسْرَوْ is itself arabicized from خُوشْ رُوْ, which means, in that language, “ goodly in countenance ”: (TA:) [but that خسرو is an arabicized word may reasonably be doubted:] accord. to IDrst, it is changed into كسرى because there is no word in Arabic having the first letter with damm and ending with و; and the خ is changed into ك to shew that it is Arabicized: (MF:) the pl. is أَكَاسِرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) contr. to analogy, (S,) and كَسَاسِرَةٌ and أَكَاسِرُ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) [all of which are also] contr. to analogy: (TA:) by rule it should be كِسْرَوْنَ, like عِيسَوْنَ (S, K) and مُوسَوْنَ. (S.) كِسْرِىٌّ: see كِسْرَوِىٌّ.

كِسْرَوِىٌّ and ↓ كِسْرِىٌّ Of, or relating to, كِسْرَى; rel. ns. from كِسْرَى: (S, Msb, K:) and كَسْرَوِىٌّ alone is the rel. n. from كَسْرَى. (Msb.) [In the TA, it is said that one should not say كَسْرَوِىٌّ; but it seems that what is not allowable is كَسْرِىٌّ.]

كُسَارٌ and كُسَارَةٌ [Fragments, or broken pieces or particles, that fall from a thing:] what breaks from a thing: (Sgh:) or what breaks in pieces from a thing, (K, TA,) and falls: (TA:) fragments, or broken pieces or particles, (دُقَاق, ISk, S, and حُطَام, S,) of fire-wood. (ISk, S.) You speak of the كُسَار of glass, and of a mug, and of aloes-wood. (A.) كُسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) The turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف, K, TA,) and parts eaten away by torrents, (جِرَفَة, TA,) and ravines, (شِعَاب, K, TA,) of valleys, (K, TA,) and of mountains: (TA:) a pl. without a sing.: (K:) you do not say كَسْرُ الوَادِى nor كِسْرُ الوادى. (TA.) b2: أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ كُسُورٍ (tropical:) A land having [places of] ascent and descent. (S, A.) b3: See also كَسْرٌ and كِسْرٌ.

كَسِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مَكْسُورٌ, [Broken,] (S, K,) applied to a thing: (S:) and so the fem., without ة: (TA:) pl. كَسْرَى, (S, K,) like as مَرْضَى is pl. of مَرِيضٌ, (S,) and كَسَارَى: (K:) [and مَكَاسِيرُ is pl. of مَكْسُورٌ:] Abu-l-Hasan says, that Sb mentions the pl. مَكَاسِيرُ because it is of a kind proper to substs. (TA.) b2: ناقة كَسِيرٌ (S, K) i. q. مَكْسُورَةٌ [lit., A broken she-camel,] (K,) is like the phrase كَفٌّ خَضِيبٌ, (S, TA,) meaning مَخْضُوبَةٌ: (TA;) or a she-camel having one of its legs broken: (Mgh:) and شَاةٌ كَسِيرٌ a sheep, or goat, having one of its legs broken: كسير being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Mgh, Msb:) and كَسِيرَةٌ also, [app. as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like نَطِيحَةٌ: (Msb:) كَسِيرٌ, occurring in a trad. is explained as signifying a sheep, or goat, having a broken leg, that cannot walk; (IAth, * Mgh;) but this requires consideration. (Mgh.) كَاسِرٌ [Breaking]; fem. with ة: pl. masc. and fem. كُسَّرٌ; and pl. fem. كَوَاسِرُ also (K.) b2: (tropical:) Folding or doubling, and leaning or reclining upon, a pillow or cushion. Hence the following. in a trad. of 'Omar, لا يَزَالُ أَحَدُهُمْ كَاسِرًا وِسَادَهُ عِنْدَ امْرَأَةٍ مُغْزِيَةٍ, meaning, (tropical:) Not one of them ceases to fold or double his pillow or cushion at the abode of a woman whose husband is absent in war, and to lean or recline upon it, and enter upon discourse with her. (IAth, TA.) b3: (tropical:) An eagle, (A, K,) and a hawk or falcon, (A,) contracting his wings, (A, K,) or contracting them somewhat, so that he may descend in his flight, (TA,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b4: الكَاسِرُ ↓ The eagle. (S, M, K.) الإِكْسِيرُ i. q. الكِيمِيَآءُ q. v. (Sgh, K.) جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيرِ (assumed tropical:) [The broken plural;] the plural in which the composition of the singular is changed; (K;) the change being either apparent, as in رِجَالٌ, pl. of رَجُلٌ, or understood, as in فُلْكٌ, which is both sing. and pl., for the dammeh in the sing. in this case is like the dammeh of قُفْلٌ, and that in the pl. is like that of أسْدٌ. (Ibn-'Akeel: see Dieterici's “ Alfijjah ” &c.; pp.329 and 330.) b2: Also تَكْسِيرٌ (assumed tropical:) [The area of a circle]: in the circle are three things: دَوْرٌ [or circumference] and قُطْرٌ [or diameter] and تَكْسِيرٌ [or area], which [last] is the product of the multiplication of the half of the قطر by the half of the دور: and it is sometimes called مِسَاحَةٌ. You say, مَا تَكْسِيرُ دَائِرَةٍ

قُطْرُهَا سَبْعَةٌ وَدَوْرُهَا اثْنَانِ وَعِشْرُونَ [What is the area of a circle of which the diameter is seven and its circumference two-and-twenty?]: and the answer is ثَمَانِيَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ وَنِصْفٌ [Eight-and-thirty and a half]. (TA.) [It is scarcely necessary to add that this is not perfectly exact.]

مَكْسِرٌ A place of breaking, (K, TA,) of anything. (TA.) You say, عُودٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, or a piece of wood, or a branch, or twig, hard in the place of breaking,] when you know its goodness by its breaking: (S, A:) and عُودٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, &c., good in the place of breaking,] i. e. approved. (K.) b2: Hence, رَجُلٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ (A, L) (tropical:) A man who bears up against difficulty, distress, or adversity: because one breaks a piece of wood, to try if it be hard or soft. (TA.) And of a pl. number, هُمْ صِلَابُ المَكَاسِرِ. (A.) And فُلَانٌ هَشُّ المَكْسِرِ, (TA,) and ↓ المُكَسَّرِ, (TA in art. هش, q. v.,) (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is easy, or compliant, when asked], which is an expression of praise when it means [lit.] that he is not one whose wood gives only a sound when one endeavours to produce fire from it; and of dispraise when it means [lit.] that be is one whose wood is weak. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is praised when tried, proved, or tested: (S, TA:) and رَدِىْءُ المَكْسِرِ [dispraised when tried, &c.]. (TA.) [Wherefore it is said that] مَكْسِرٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The internal state; an internal, or intrinsic, quality; the intrinsic, or real, as opposed to the apparent, state, or to the aspect; syn. مَخْبَرٌ. (K.) b3: Also مَكْسِرٌ The lowest part (أَصْلٌ K, TA) of anything; and especially of a tree, where the branches are broken off. (TA.) b4: [Hence] it is said to be metonymically used as meaning (tropical:) Old property. (TA voce فَرْعٌ.) b5: See also كَسْرٌ.

مَكْسُورٌ: see كَسِيرٌ. b2: سَوْطٌ مَكْسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) A soft, weak, whip. (TA.) مُكَسَّرٌ pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: See also مَكْسِرٌ, with which it is made synonymous. b3: (tropical:) A valley whose كُسُور (q. v.) flow with water: (K:) or are made to flow: (Th:) accord. to one relation of a saying in which it occurs, it is مُكْسَرٌ. (TA.) فُلَانٌ مُكَاسِرِى, (S,) or جَارِى مُكَاسِرِى, (ISd, K,) Such a one is my neighbour; (S;) the كِسْر (q. v.) of his tent is next the كِسْر of my tent. (S, ISd, K.) مُنْكَسِرٌ has for its pl. مَكَاسِيرُ, which is extr.; like مَسَاحِيقُ, pl. of مُنْسَحِقٌ. (TA in art. سحق.) رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْكَسِرًا (tropical:) I saw him in a languid, or languishing state. (A.)

عطر

1 عَطِرَتْ, (S, A, O, Msb,) aor. ـَ inf. n. عَطَرٌ, (S, O, Msb,) said of a woman, (S, A, Msb,) She perfumed herself; (TA;) and ↓ تعطّرت, (A, O, Msb,) inf. n. تَعَطُّرٌ; (S;) and ↓ استعطرت; (A;) [signify the same: also عَطِرَ he (a man) was sweet in the odour of his body; and عَطِرَتْ, said of a woman, signifies the same: see the part. n. عَطِرٌ:] and ↓ استعطرت signifies she (a woman) made use of perfume. (TA.) [See also 5.]2 عطّر He perfumed a woman [&c.; and so, app., ↓ اعطر]. (Msb.) b2: بَطْنِى عَطِّرِى, (K,) but in other lexicons than the K we find ↓ أَعْطِرِى, (TA,) [occurring in a prov.,] see in art. سَأر [voce سَائِرٌ]. (K.) 4 أَعْطَرَ see 2, in two places.5 تَعَطَّرَ see 1. b2: It is said in a trad., of Mohammad, كَانَ يَكْرَهُ تَعَطُّرَ النِّسَآءِ وَتَشَبُّهَهُنَّ بِالرِّجَالِ, (O, K, TA,) meaning He used to dislike women's perfuming themselves with perfume of which the odour was perceived like that of men [and their affecting to be like men]: (TA:) or their being without ornaments (O, K, TA) and dye on the hands &c. [and their affecting to be like men]; (TA;) the ر in this case being substituted for ل: (O, K, * TA:) or تعطَّر, here, is from what follows: (TA:) b3: تعطّرت She (a woman, O, TA) remained in the house, or tent, of, (O, K,) or with, (L,) her father and mother, and did not marry. (O, L, K, TA.) 10 إِسْتَعْطَرَ see 1, in two places.

عِطْرٌ Perfume; an odoriferous, or a fragrant, substance; syn. طِيبٌ: (S, A, O, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَعْطَارٌ (A) and [of mult.] عُطُورٌ. (A, O, K.) [And ↓ عِطَارَةٌ, as used in the present day, and in medical books, signifies Perfumes and drugs: see an ex. voce صِيْدَلَةٌ.] b2: [عِطْرُ الأَمَةِ A certain berb: see ذَفِرٌ.]

عَطِرٌ, applied to a man, (K, TA,) and عَطِرَةٌ, applied to a woman, (S, A, O, Msb, K,) Having perfume upon, or using perfume for, or perfuming, [himself, and] herself; (S, O;) and ↓ مُتَعَطِّرَةٌ, applied to a woman, (S, K,) signifies the same. (S) [See also عَاطِرٌ, and مُعَطَّرَةٌ, and مِعْطِيرٌ.] b2: Also عَطِرٌ, Sweet in the odour of his body; and in like manner عَطِرَةٌ applied to a woman. (TA.) اِمْرَأَةٌ عَطِرَةٌ مَطِرَةٌ means A woman who perfumes and cleanses and washes herself much: (O:) [or is sweet in the odour of her body, and often uses the tooth-stick; for] مَطِرَةٌ signifies here كَثِيرَةُ السِّوَاكِ. (TA.) b3: عَطِرَةٌ A she-camel easy of sale in the market; (O, K;) that sells herself by her goodliness; (TA;) as also ↓ عَطَّارَةٌ (O, K) and ↓ مِعْطَارَةٌ: (TA:) or a she-camel of generous race, or excel-lent; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ مِعْطَارٌ (S, O, TA) and ↓ مِعْطَارَةٌ and ↓ مُعْطِرَةٌ [or مُعْطَرَةٌ?]; (K, TA;) or ↓ مِعْطَرَةٌ: (O:) and عَطِرَاتٌ and ↓ مَعَاطِرُ she-camels goodly, and of generous race, or excel-lent. (A.) عِطْرِيَّةٌ [Fragrance]. (TA in art. زرد.) عِطَارَةٌ The trade of a seller of perfumes. (K.) b2: See also عِطْرٌ.

عَطَّارٌ A seller of perfumes; (O, K;) and ↓ مِعْطِيرٌ signifies the same in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, describing the [wild] he-ass and the she-asses, يَتْبَعْنَ جَأْبًا كَمُدُقِّ المِعْطِيرْ [They (the she-asses) follow a bulky male like the stone with which the seller of perfumes pounds, or pulverizes, his perfume]. (S, O.) عَطَّارَةٌ: see عَطِرٌ.

عَاطِرٌ One who loves perfume: (IAar, O, K:) or i. q. عَطِرٌ [q. v.]: (TA:) pl. عُطُرٌ. (O, K.) أَعْطَرُ العَرَبِ The most sweet, in perfume, of the Arabs. (TA, from a trad.) مُعْطِرٌ [or مُعْطَرٌ is the correct form, pass. part. n. of أَعْطَرَ, and agreeable with the pl. in two copies of the S,] (K, TA) A beautiful she-camel, as though there were a dye upon her fur by reason of her beauty: (TA; and so the pl. is explained in the S:) or strong and beautiful; as also ↓ مِعْطَارٌ: (K, TA:) pl. of the former مُعْطِرَاتٌ, (TA,) or مُعْطَرَاتٌ, (S, O,) meaning fat: or red, as though dyed. (O.) b2: مُعْطِرَةٌ [or مُعْطَرَةٌ] A red she-goat. (El-Báhilee, as cited in the TA.) b3: See also عَطِرٌ.

مِعْطَرَةٌ: see عَطِرٌ, last sentence.

مُعَطَّرَةٌ, applied to a woman [Perfumed: see 2]. (K.) مِعْطَارٌ and مِعْطَارَةٌ: see مِعْطِيرٌ; each in two places. b2: and see مُعْطِرٌ; and عَطِرٌ, in three places.

مِعْطِيرٌ, applied to a woman, (Msb,) or to a man and a woman, (S, K,) and ↓ مِعْطَارٌ, applied to a woman, (S, Msb,) or to a man and a woman, (K,) and ↓ مِعْطَارَةٌ, (K,) One who perfumes himself, and herself, much; (S, Msb;) and who frequently does so: and ↓ مِعْطَارٌ and ↓ مِعْطَارَةٌ a woman who is accustomed to do so: pl. مَعَاطِيرُ. (TA.) Lh says that an epithet of the measure مِفْعَالٌ is mase. and fem. without ة, except in some extraordinary instances, in which the fem. is with ة. (TA.) b2: Also مِعْطِيرٌ, A she-camel red, and whose sweat has a sweet odour. (L, and so in the CK.) In [some of] the copies of the K, طَيِّبَةُ العَرْفِ is put by mistake for طيّبة العَرَق. (TA.) A2: See also عَطَّارٌ.

مَعَاطِرُ: see عَطِرٌ, last sentence.

مُتَعَطِّرَةٌ: see عَطِرٌ, first sentence.

فحو

1 فَحَا بِكَلَامِهِ إِلَى كَذَا, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـْ [like يَعْلُو], the verb being of the class of عَلَى, (so in the Msb accord. to the TA,) or يَفْحَى [like يَنْفَعُ], the verb being of the class of نَفَعَ, (so accord. to my copy of the Msb,) or, as in copies of the T, يَفْحِى, without teshdeed, the verb being of the class of رَمَى, (TA, [but this is app. a mistranscription for يَفْحَى, as the last radical letter is و,]) inf. n. فَحْوٌ; (Msb, TA;) or بكلامه ↓ فحّى

الى كذا, thus accord. to the K, agreeably with what is said by J; (TA;) [but one of my copies of the S has إِنَّهُ لَيَفْحَى بِكَلَامِهِ إِلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا; the other copy having ↓ لَيُفَحِّى;] He meant, or intended, by his saying, or speech, such a thing. (Msb, K, TA. [In the S, the meaning is only indicated by the context.]) A2: بَكَى حَتَّى فَحِىَ, like رَضِىَ, He (a child) wept until he sobbed. (TA.) 2 فحّى القِدْرَ, inf. n. تَفْحِيَةٌ, He made the cooking-pot to have a large quantity of أَبَازِير [or seeds used in cooking, for seasoning the food: from فَحًا, q. v.]: (S, * K, TA:) or, accord. to Aboo-'Alee El-Kálee, he put, or threw, into the cookingpot, أَبَازِير, i. e. تَوَابِــل. (TA.) It is said, by Z, [but with hardly any reason that I can see,] to be formed by transposition from the letters فوح thus combined. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in two places.3 فَاحَيْتُهُ, inf. n. مُفَاحَاةٌ, I talked, discoursed, or held a colloquy, with him, and understood what he intended, or meant. (A, TA.) فَحًا and فِحًى, (S, K,) the former of which is the more common, (S,) The seeds that are used in cooking, for seasoning the food; (S, K;) as also ↓ فَحْوَآءُ: or the dry thereof: (K:) pl. أَفْحَآءٌ; (S, K;) which is said by IAth to signify the [seeds called] تَوَابِــل of the cooking-pot, such as pepper and cumin-seed and the like thereof. (TA.) And it is said to signify particularly The onion, or onions collectively. (TA.) Thus in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, in which he is related to have said to a party who came to him, كُلُوا مِنْ فَحَا أَرْضِنَا فَقَلَّ مَا أَكَلَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ فَحَا أَرْضٍ فَضَرَّهُمْ مَاؤُهَا [Eat ye of the seasoning of our land (meaning of the onions,) for rarely have people eaten of the seasoning of a land and the water thereof has harmed them]. (TA: and the like is said in the S, but not so fully.) فَحْوَةٌ i. q. شَهْدَةٌ [A portion of honey; or a honey-comb; or a portion of a honey-comb]. (K, TA. [It is added in the latter that it is as though it were formed by transposition from فَوْحَة; which I do not find in this sense in any lexicon.]) فَحْيَةٌ, like جَرْيَةٌ; (so in some copies of the K, and accord. to the TA, in which it is said to be “ with fet-h; ”) or فِحْيَةٌ, like جِرْيَةٌ; (so in other copies of the K; [but I think that both are evidently wrong, because deviating from a common rule of the K, and for more than one other obvious reason; and that the right reading is ↓ فِحِّيَّةٌ, like جِرِّيَّةٌ (accord. to those who hold this to be of the measure فِعِّيلَةٌ, not فِعْلِيَّةٌ); i. e., that it is originally فِحِّيوَةٌ, the و being necessarily changed into ى and incorporated into the preceding ى;] and also ↓ فَحِيَّةٌ; (K, TA;) the former on the authority of AA, and the latter on that of IAar; (TA;) Thin soup: (K, TA: [in some copies of the K, حَشْو is erroneously put for حَسْو or حَسُوّ, the readings in other copies:]) or soup in general. (K, TA.) فَحْوَى and ↓ فَحْوَآءُ, (T, S, Msb, K, &c.,) the latter sometimes used, (Msb,) but Az is said to have disallowed the pronunciation with the lengthened alif, (TA,) and ↓ فُحَوَآءُ, (K, TA,) this last mentioned by ISd and Sgh on the authority of Fr, (TA,) The meaning of a saying, or speech; its intended sense or import; syn. مَعْنًى; (S, Msb, K;) and مَذْهَبٌ; (K;) and لَحْنٌ. (S, Msb.) One says, عَرَفْتُهُ, (S, A,) or فَهِمْتُهُ, (Msb,) فِى, (S,) or مِنْ, (A, Msb,) فَحْوَى كَلَامِهِ and كَلَامِهِ ↓ فَحْوَآءِ (S, A, Msb) i. e. [I knew it, or I understood it, in, or from, the intended sense or import of his saying, or speech; or,] in [or from] what I elicited of his meaning, or intent, in what he said. (A.) [See also عَرُوضٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.]

فَحْوَآءُ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places: A2: see also فَحًا.

فُحَوَآءٌ: see فَحْوَى.

فَحِيَّةٌ and فِحِّيَّةٌ: see فَحْيَةٌ, above.

أَفْحَى i. q. أَبَحُّ [Having a hoarse, rough, harsh, or gruff, voice]. (Sgh, TA.)

تبع

1 تَبِعَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ inf. n. تَبَعٌ (S, Msb, K) and تَبَاعَةٌ, (S, K,) He followed; or went, or walked, behind, or after; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) him, (Mgh, Msb, K,) or it; namely, a people, or company of men: (S:) or [in the CK “ and ”] he went with him, or it, when the latter had passed by him: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) and ↓ اِتَّبَعَهُ signifies the same; (Lth, S, K *) and so does ↓ أَتْبَعَهُ: (Lth, Mgh, K:) or ↓ أَتْبَعْتُهُمْ signifies I overtook them, they having gone before me; (Fr, * A'Obeyd, S, Msb, * K;) as also تَبِعْتُهُمْ: (Fr, K:) Akh says that تَبِعْتُهُ and ↓ أَتْبَعْتُهُ signify the same: and hence the saying in the Kur [xxxvii. 10], شِهَابٌ ثَاقِبٌ ↓ فَأَتْبَعَهُ [and a shooting star piercing the darkness by its light overtaketh him]: (S:) and the saying in the same [vii. 174], ↓ فَأَتْبَعَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ and the devil overtook him: (TA:) and the saying in the same [xx. 81], فِرْعَوْنُ ↓ فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ بِجُنُودِهِ and Pharaoh overtook them with his troops: or almost did so: (Ibn-'Arafeh, K:) or this signifies made his troops to follow them; (TA;) the ب, accord. to some, being redundant: (Bd:) or ↓ أَتْبَعَهُ signifies he followed his footsteps; and sought him, following him: (TA:) but ↓ اِتَّبَعَهُمْ signifies he went [after them, or followed them,] when they had passed by him; as also تَبِعَهُمْ, inf. n. تَبَعٌ: you say, ↓ حَتَّى أَتْبَعْتُهُمْ ↓ مَا زِلْتُ أَتَّبِعُهُمْ, i. e. [I ceased not to follow them] until I overtook them: (A'Obeyd:) Fr says that ↓ أَتْبَعَ is better than ↓ اِتَّبَعَ; for the latter signifies he went behind, or after, him, when the latter person was going along; but when you say, ↓ أَتْبَعْتُهُ, it is as though [you meant that] you followed his footsteps: (TA:) and ↓ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا ↓ اِتَّبَعَ [as in the L and TA, but perhaps a mistake for ↓ أَتْبَعَ,] signifies also he followed him, desiring to do evil to him; like as Pharaoh followed Moses: (L, TA:) some say, تَبِعْتُ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. تُبُوعٌ, meaning I went after the thing: and تَبِعَ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. تَبَعٌ and تَبَاعٌ, (assumed tropical:) [he followed the thing] in respect of actions: (L, TA:) you say, تَبِعَ الإِمَامَ (assumed tropical:) he followed the Imám [by doing as he did]: (Msb:) [but in this last sense, more commonly,] one says, ↓ اِتَّبَعَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) he did like as he [another] did: (TA:) and القُرْآنَ ↓ اِتَّبَعَ (assumed tropical:) he followed the Kurán as his guide; did according to what is in it: (TA:) and you say also, عَلَى الأَمْرِ ↓ تَابَعَهُ; (Msb;) or على كَذَا, inf. n. مُتَابَعَةٌ and تِبَاعٌ; (S;) (assumed tropical:) [he followed him, or imitated him, in the affair;] (Msb;) he followed him, or imitated him, in doing such a thing: (PS:) [but this last phrase has another meaning: see 3.] In the saying, لَا يُتْبَعُ بِنَارٍ إِلَى القَبْرِ, [in which the verb may be pass. of تَبِعَ or of ↓ أَتْبَعَ,] or, accord. to one relation, ↓ لا يُتَّبَعُ, each in the pass. form, [Fire shall not be made to follow to the grave, though it may be rendered one shall not follow with fire to the grave, it is said that] the ب is to render the verb transitive. (Mgh.) b2: تَبِعْتُ الرَّجُلَ بِحَقِّى; and بِهِ ↓ تَابَعْتُهُ, inf. n. مُتَابَعَةٌ [and probably تبَاعٌ also]; and به ↓ اِتَّبَعْتُهُ; I prosecuted, or sued, the man for my right, or due. (TA.) The saying in the Kur [ii. 173], بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ↓ فَاتِّبَاعٌ means [Then] prosecution for the bloodwit [shall be made with lenity]. (TA.) b3: تَبِعَ, of which the aor. ـَ occurs in a trad., [see 4,] (Mgh, TA,) pronounced by the relaters of trads. with teshdeed, [↓ يَتَّبِع,] (TA,) also signifies (assumed tropical:) He accepted a reference from his debtor to another for the payment of what was owed to him. (Mgh, TA. *) 2 تَبَّعَ اللّٰهُ لِفُلَانٍ, inf. n. تَتْبِيعٌ, May God make a thing to be followed by another thing to such a one, is said in relation to good and to evil; like سَبَّعَ لَهُ. (TA in art. سبع.) A2: See also 5.3 تِبَاعٌ [and مُتَابَعَةٌ, the inf. ns. of تَابَعَ,] i. q. وِلَآءٌ [The making a consecution, or succession, of one to the other, بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ between two things, or affairs: and the making consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like: see 6]. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., تَابِعُوا بَيْنَ الحَجِّ والعُمْرَةِ [Make ye a consecution between the حجّ and the عمرة; meaning make ye the performance of the حجّ and that of the عمرة to be consecutive]; (TA;) i. e. when ye perform the حجّ, then perform ye the عمرة; and when ye perform the عمرة, then perform ye the حجّ: or when ye perform either of these, then perform ye after it the other, without any length of time [intervening]: but the former [meaning] is the more obvious. (Marginal note in a copy of the Jámi'-es-Sagheer of Es-Suyootee.) And you say, تَابِعْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى الخَيْرَاتِ (assumed tropical:) Make thou us to be followers, or imitators, of them in excellencies. (TA.) And تابع الأَغَانِىَّ [He sang songs consecutively, successively, or uninterruptedly]. (S and K in art. جر.) And تابع إِسْقَاطَهُ [He made it to fall, fall down, drop, drop down, or tumble down, in consecutive portions or quantities]. (M and K in art. سقط: in the CK اَسْقاطَهُ.) And تابع الفَرَسُ الجَرْىَ (assumed tropical:) [The horse prosecuted, or continued, the course, or running, uninterruptedly]. (K voce هَلَبَ; &c.) And هُوَ يَتَابِعُ الحَدِيثَ (tropical:) He carries on the narrative, or discourse, by consecutive progressions, or uninterruptedly: or, as Z says, pursues it, or carries it on, well. (TA.) [See also a similar phrase in what here follows.] b2: تابع القَوْسَ He pared, or trimmed, the bow well, giving to each part thereof what was its due. (K, TA.) Skr says that the phrase تُوبِعَ بَرْيُهَا, used by Aboo-Kebeer El-Hudhalee in describing a bow, means The paring, or trimming, of which has been executed with uniformity, part after part. (TA.) b3: Hence, (TA,) the saying of Abu-l-Wákid ElLeythee, (S, TA,) in a trad., (S,) تَابَعْنَا الأَعْمَالَ فَلَمْ نَجِدْ شَيْئًا أَبْلَغَ فِى طَلَبِ الآخِرَةِ مِنَ الزُّهْدِ فِى

الدُّنْيَا (S, TA) (assumed tropical:) We have practised works with diligence, and acquired a sound knowledge of them, [and we have not found anything more efficacious in the pursuit of the blessings of the world to come than abstinence in respect of the enjoyments of the present world.] (S, * TA.) Yousay also, تابع عَمَلَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He made his work sound, or free from defect: (Kr, S:) and in like manner, كَلَامَهُ his language, or speech. (Kr.) b4: [Hence also,] تابع المَرْعَى الإِبِلَ (tropical:) The pasture fattened the camels well and thoroughly. (K, TA.) b5: تابعهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) He aided, assisted, or helped, him to do the thing, or affair. (TA.) b6: See also 1, where another meaning of the same phrase is mentioned, in the latter half of the paragraph. b7: تَابَعْتُهُ بِحَقِّى: see 1, near the end of the paragraph.4 اتبعهُ: see 1, from the beginning nearly to the end.

A2: Also He made him to follow; or to overtake: (S, K:) he made him to be a follower: (Mgh, Msb:) or he urged him, or induced him, to be a follower. (Mgh.) You say, [making the verb doubly trans.,] أَتْبَعْتُهُمْ غَيْرِى [I made them to follow, or overtake, another, not myself]. (K.) and أَتْبَعْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ فَتَبِعَهُ [I made him to follow, or overtake, the thing, and he followed it, or overtook it]. (S.) And أَتْبَعْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًا I made Zeyd to be a follower of 'Amr: (Mgh, Msb:) or I urged, or induced, Zeyd to be a follower of 'Amr. (Mgh.) And أَتْبَعَهُ نَفْسَهُ مُتَحَسِّرًا عَلَى مَا فَاتَ (assumed tropical:) [He made his mind, or desire, to follow after it, regretting what had passed away]. (TA in art. عجز.) [See also 10.] It is said in a prov., (TA,) أَتْبِعِ الفَرَسَ لِجَامَهَا [Make thou its bit and bridle to follow the horse]: or النَّاقَةَ زِمَامَهَا [her nose-rein, the she-camel]: or الدَّلْوَ رِشَآءَهَا [its rope, the bucket]: used in bidding to complete a favour, or benefaction: (K, TA:) A'Obeyd says, I think the meaning of the first prov. to be, Thou hast liberally given the horse, and the bit and bridle are a smaller matter; therefore satisfy thou completely the want, seeing that the horse is not without need of the bit and bridle. (TA.) b2: Hence the trad., مَنْ أُتْبِعَ عَلَى مَلِىْءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ (tropical:) Whoso is referred, for the payment of what is owed to him, to a solvent man, let him accept the reference: (Mgh, TA: *) [see also 1, last meaning:] the verb being made trans. by means of على because it conveys the meaning of إِحَالَةٌ. (Mgh.) You say [also], أُتْبِعَ فُلَانٌ بِفُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one was referred, for the payment of what was owed to him, to such a one. (S, TA.) And أَتْبَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He referred him, for the payment of what was owed to him, to him. (TA.) b3: [See also إِتْبَاعٌ, below.]5 تتبّعهُ, inf. n. تَتَبُّعٌ, (Lth, S, Msb, * K,) for which ↓ اِتِّبَاعٌ is used by El-Kutámee, tropically, (S,) or, accord. to Sb, because the same in meaning; (TA;) and ↓ تبعّه, inf. n. تَتْبِيعٌ; (S, K; *) He pursued it; investigated it; examined it; hunted after it; prosecuted a search after it; made successive, or repeated, endeavours to attain it, to reach it, or to obtain it; or sought it, sought for it, or sought after it, successively, time after time, or repeatedly, or in a leisurely manner, by degrees, gradually, step by step, bit by bit, or one thing after another, (Lth, S, * Msb, K, * TA,) following after it. (S.) Hence the saying of Zeyd Ibn-Thábit, respecting the collecting of the Kur-án, فَعَلِقْتُ أَتَتَبَّعُهُ مِنَ اللِّخَافِ وَالعُسُبِ [and I set myself to seeking to collect it successively, &c., from the thin white stones and the leafless palm-branches upon which it was written]. (TA.) And تتبّع البِلَادَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَرْضٍ إِلَى أَرْضٍ [He investigated the countries, going forth from land to land]. (S and K in art. قرى.) And فُلَانٌ يَتَتَبَّعُ

أَثَرَ فُلَانٍ [Such a one pursues, &c., the track of such a one]. (TA.) And يَتَتَبَّعُ مَسَاوِىَ فُلَانٍ [He seeks successively, &c., to discover the vices, faults, or evil qualities or actions, of such a one]. (TA.) And يَتَتَبَّعُ مَدَاقَّ الأُمُورِ وَنَحْوَ ذٰلِكَ [He pursues small, or little, affairs; and the like thereof: or he seeks successively, &c., to obtain a knowledge of the subtilties, niceties, abstrusities, or obscuri-ties, of things, or affairs; and the like thereof]. (TA.) And تتبّع الحَبْلَ [He took successive holds of the rope]: said of a man descending from a part of a mountain such as is termed شِيق, by means of a rope tied to that part, to a place in which honey was deposited. (TA in art. شيق.) 6 تتابع It was, or became, consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like; syn. تَوَالَى. (K.) Yousay, تتابع سُقُوطُهُ [Its falling, falling down, dropping, dropping down, or tumbling down, was, or became, consecutive, &c.; i. e. it fell, fell down, &c., in consecutive portions or quantities]. (M and K in art. سقط.) And تتابع القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, followed one another. (Msb.) and تَتَابَعَتِ الأَشْيَآءُ, and الأَمْطَارُ, and الأُمُورُ, The things, and the rains, and the events, came one after another, each following near upon another. (Lth.) And it is said in a trad., تَتَابَعَتْ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ سِنُو جَدْبٍ [Years of dearth, drought, or sterility, came consecutively upon Kureysh]. (TA.) b2: تتابع الفَرَسُ (tropical:) The horse ran evenly, not raising one of his limbs [above its fellow]. (TA.) b3: تتابعت الإِبِلُ (tropical:) The camels became fat and goodly. (TA.) 8 إِتَّبَعَ see 1, throughout: and see also 5.10 استتبعهُ He desired, or demanded, of him that he should follow him: (TA:) or he made him to follow him. (L.) [See also 4.]

تِبْعٌ A follower of women: (Lh, * Az:) or a passionate lover, and follower, of a woman, (K,) whithersoever she goes: (TA:) and with ة, of a man: (Lh:) and ↓ تُبَّعٌ a sedulous seeker of women. (K.) [See تَابِعٌ.] You say also, هُوَ تِبْعُ ضِلَّةٍ, meaning He is a follower of women: and تِبْعُ ضِلَّةٌ one in whom is no good, and with whom is no good: or, accord. to Th, you only say تِبْعُ ضِلَّةٍ. (TA.) b2: هٰذَا تِبْعُ هٰذَا This is what follows this. (M in art. تلو.) b3: See also تَبِيعٌ, in two places.

تَبَعٌ: see تَابِعٌ, in six places.

رَجُلٌ تُبَعٌ لِلْكَلَامِ A man who makes his speech consecutive, one part to another. (Yoo, K. *) بَقَرَةٌ تَبْعَى A cow desiring [and therefore following] the bull. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) تَبِعَةٌ and ↓ تِبَاعَةٌ signify the same; (T, S, O, L, K;) [The consequence of an action: and] a claim which one seeks to obtain for an injury, or injurious treatment, and the like: (T, O, L, K; and so the Msb in explanation of the former word:) the former is also explained as signifying a right, or due, annexed to property, claimed from the possessor of the property: (L:) pl. [of the former]

تَبِعَاتٌ and [of the latter] تِبَاعَاتٌ. (TA.) A poet says, زَمَنَ التَّقَحُّمِ وَالمَجَاعَهْ أَكَلَتْ حَنِيفَةُ رَبَّهَا

↓ سُوْءَ العَوَاقِبِ وَالتِّبَاعَهْ لَمْ يَحْذَرُوا مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ [Haneefeh ate their lord, in the time of experiencing dearth, or drought, or sterility, and hunger: they did not fear, from their lord, the evil of the results, and the consequence of their action]: for they had taken to themselves a god consisting of حَيْس, [i. e. dates mixed with clarified butter and the preparation of milk called أَقِط, kneaded together,] and worshipped it for some time; then famine befell them, and they ate it. (S.) And one says, مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ اللّٰهِ فِى هٰذَا تَبِعَةٌ, and ↓ تِبَاعَةٌ, There is not, against him, on the part of God, in this, any claim on account of wrong-doing. (TA.) تَبِيعٌ [One who is prosecuted, or sued, for a right, or due; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, from تَبِعْتُهُ بِحَقِّى;] one who owes property to another, (S, K, TA,) and whom the latter prosecutes, or sues, for it. (TA.) A2: The young one of a cow in the first year; (S, Msb, K;) so says Aboo-Fak'as El-Asadee: (TA:) or that is a year old; (Az, Mgh, TA;) not so called until he has completed the year; erroneously said by Lth to signify a calf ripening to his perfect state: (Az, TA:) thus called because he yet follows his mother; (Mgh, Msb;) the word in this sense being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ تِبْعٌ signifies the same: (TA:) fem. of the former with ة: (S, Msb, K:) pl. تِبَاعٌ and تَبَائِعٌ; (AA, S, O, K;) both pls. of تَبِيعٌ; (AA, S, O;) or the former is pl. of تَبِيعَةٌ; (Msb;) and the pl. of تَبِيعٌ is أَتْبِعَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.]; (L, Msb;) and أَتَابِعُ and أَتَابِيعُ, the latter of which is extr., are pls. of أَتْبِعَةٌ: (L:) the pl. of ↓ تِبْعٌ in the abovementioned sense is أَتْبَاعٌ. (TA.) Accord. to EshShaabee, (IF,) One whose horns and ears are equal [in length]: (IF, K:) but this is a judicial explanation; not deduced from the rules of lexicology. (IF.) b2: I. q. ↓ تَابِعٌ [as signifying One who prosecutes, or sues, for a right, or due; and particularly for blood-revenge]. (S, K.) Hence the saying in the Kur [xvii. 71], ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُوا لَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا بِهِ تَبِيعًا Then ye shall not find for you any to prosecute for blood-revenge, nor any to sue, against us therein: (Fr. S, K:) or ye shall not find for you any to sue us for the disallowing of what hath befallen you, nor for our averting it from you: (Zj:) [or any aider against us; for]

تَبِيعٌ also signifies an aider; and especially against an enemy. (Lth, K.) b3: See also تَابِعٌ, latter half.

تِبَاعَةٌ: see تَبِعَةٌ, in three places.

تُبَّعٌ An appellation of each of the Kings of El-Yemen (S, K) who possessed Himyer and Hadramowt, (K, TA,) and, as some add, Sebà; (TA;) but not otherwise; (K, TA;) and the like of this is said in the 'Eyn: (TA:) so called because they followed one another; whenever one died, another took his place, following him in his course of acting: (TA:) pl. تَبَابِعَةٌ, (S, K,) with ة added as having the meaning of a rel. n.; [as though it were pl. of تُبَّعِىٌّ, like as حَنَابِلَةٌ is pl. of حَنْبَلِىٌّ;] erroneously written in some of the copies of the K تتابعة: (TA:) the تبابعة of Himyer were like the أَكَاسِرَة of the Persians and the قَيَاصِرَة of the Romans. (Lth.) In the Kur xliv. 36, it is said in a trad. to mean a particular king, who was a believer, and whose people were unbelievers. (Zj.) b2: And hence, (TA,) A species of the يَعَاسِيب [or kings of the bees], (K,) the greatest and most beautiful thereof, whom the other bees follow: (TA:) pl. تَبَابِيعُ; (K;) in the L, تَتَابِعُ [which is probably a mistranscription for تَبَابِعُ]. (TA.) b3: A species of طَيْر [which means any flying things, as well as birds; and may therefore, perhaps, be meant to indicate what next precedes]. (S.) b4: The shade, or shadow; (S, K;) because it follows the sun; as also ↓ تُبُّعٌ. (K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Soadà El-Juhaneeyeh, (TA,) or Selmà El-Juhaneeyeh, (marginal note in a copy of the S,) bewailing her brother, As'ad, يَرِدُ المِيَاهُ حَضِيرَةٌ وَنَفِيضَةً

وِرْدَ القَطَاةِ إِذَا اسْمَأَلَّ التُّبَّعُ (S) [He comes to the waters when people are dwelling, or staying, there, (but see حَضِيرَةٌ,) and when no one is there, as the bird called katáh comes to water] when the shade has become contracted at mid-day: or, accord. to Aboo-Leylà, the meaning is, the shade of night; i. e., this man comes to the waters in the last part of the night, before any one: though it means also the shade of day-time: (TA:) or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, the meaning here is [the star, or asterism, called] الدَّبَرَان; and this is very probably correct; for the bird above mentioned comes to the waters by night, and seldom by day; and hence the saying, أَدَلُّ مِنْ قَطَاةٍ. (Az, TA.) See تَابِعٌ. b5: See also تِبْعٌ. b6: مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ تُبَّعٍ هُوَ I know not who of men he is. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b7: تُبَّعٌ is also a pl. of تَابِعٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) تُبُّعٌ: see تُبَّعٌ.

تَبُّوعُ الشَّمْسِ A certain wind, (K, TA,) also called النُّكَيْبَآءُ, (TA,) which blows (K, TA) in the early morning, (TA,) with the rising of the sun, (K, TA,) from the direction of the wind called الصَّبَا, unaccompanied by rising clouds, (TA,) and veers round through the various places whence winds blow until it returns to the place from which blows the wind called الصبا, (K, TA,) whence it commenced in the early morning: (TA:) the Arabs dislike it. (Z, TA.) تَابِعٌ Following; a follower: (TA:) and ↓ تَبَعٌ also signifies the same as تَابِعٌ; (K;) a thing that follows in the track of a thing; (Lth, Az;) or that is at the kinder, or latter, part of anything; (TA;) but is used alike as sing. and pl.: (S, Msb, K:) the pl. of تَابِعٌ is تُبَّعٌ and تُبَّاعٌ (TA) [and, applied to rational beings, تَابِعُونَ]: and the pl. of ↓ تَبَعٌ is أَتْبَاعٌ; (S, K;) or this may be used as a pl. of تَبَعٌ; (Msb;) or it is pl. of تَابِعٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is pl. of خَادِمٌ, (Kr, Mgh,) and طَلَبٌ of طَالِبٌ, &c.; (K;) or, correctly speaking, it is a quasi-pl. n. (Sb, TA.) You say, ↓ المُصَلِّى تَبَعٌ لاِمَامِهِ [The person praying is a follower of his Imám]: and النَّاسُ تَبَعٌ لَهُ [The people are followers of him]. (Msb.) And it is said in the Kur [xiv. 24, and xl. 50], ↓ إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا [Verily we were followers of you]: (S, TA:) in which the last word may be a quasi-pl. n. of تَابِعٌ; or it may be an inf. n., meaning ذَوِى تَبَعٍ. (TA.) ↓ تَبَعٌ is applied as an epithet to the legs of a beast: (Lth, T:) and is also used as [an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] signifying The legs of a beast. (K.) b2: A jinnee, or genie, that accompanies a woman and follows her whithersoever she goes, (K, TA,) loving her: (TA:) and تَابِعَةٌ a jinneeyeh, or female genie, that does the same to a man: (S, * K, TA:) or the ة is added in the latter to give intensiveness to the signification, or to denote evilness of nature, or to convey the meaning of دَاهِيَةٌ, q. v.: the pl. is تَوَابِــعُ: and this means female associates. (TA.) b3: A servant; as also ↓ تَبِيعٌ. (TA.) أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِى الإِرْبَةِ, in the Kur [xxiv. 31], accord. to Th, means Or the servants of the husband, such as the old man who is perishing by reason of age, and the aged woman. (TA.) b4: See also تَبِيعٌ. b5: [Also One next in the order of time after the صَحَابَة; like ↓ تَابِعِىٌّ. b6: And in grammar, An appositive.] b7: تَابِعُ النَّجْمِ [The follower of the asterism; i. e., of the Pleiades;] a name of الدَّبَرَان [the Hyades; or the five chief stars thereof; or the brightest star among them, a of Taurus]: this name being given to it as ominous of good; (K;) or as ominous of evil: (O:) or so called because it follows the Pleiades: (T:) also called التَّابِعُ, (T in art. دبر, Sh, IB, and others,) and ↓ تُوَيْبِعٌ, (K,) which is the dim., (TA,) or التُّوَيْبِعُ, (T in art. دبر,) and ↓ تُبَّعٌ, (K,) or التُّبَّعُ [q. v.], (Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, T,) and ↓ التَّبَعُ, (IB, Z,) and التَّالِى, and الحَادِى, (IB,) or حادى النُّجُومِ , (S in art. جدح ,) or حادى النَّجْمِ . (Kzw and others.) [See also المِجْدَحُ.]

تَابِعِىٌّ: see تَابِعٌ.

تُوَيْبِعٌ: see تَابِعٌ, last sentence.

إِتْبَاعٌ in language is when one says the like of حَسَنٌ بَسَنٌ (S, K) and قَبِيحٌ شَقِيحٌ: (S:) The putting, after a word, an imitative sequent, i. e. another word similar to the former in measure or in its رَوِىّ, by way of pleonasm, or for fulness of expression, and for corroboration; (Mz 28th نوع, and Kull p. 11;) the latter word being one not used alone, and having no meaning by itself, as in بسَنٌَ حَسَنٌ; or being one which has a meaning of its own, as in هَنِيْئًا مَرِيْئًا . (Kull ubi suprà.) b2: [Also The latter of such two words; i. e. an imitative sequent. b3: And used in the former sense, as an inf. n., it denotes various other kinds of assimilation, i. e., of one word to another preceding or following it, and of one vowel to another preceding or following it in the same word.]

مُتْبِعٌ She who has with her children, or young ones: (Lh:) or a ewe, or she-goat, and a cow, and a girl, having her offspring following her: (K:) or a cow having a تَبِيع, q. v.: and IB mentions also مُتْبِعَةٌ as signifying the same: and a female servant followed by her offspring whither she comes and goes. (TA.) مَتْبُوعٌ [pass. part. n. of 1. b2: In grammar, The antecedent of a تَابِع, i. e., of an appositive.]

مُتَابَعٌ (assumed tropical:) Anything made, or executed, soundly, thoroughly, well, or so as to be free from defect. (K, * TA.) مُتَتَابِعٌ Consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like. (TA.) You say لُؤْلُؤٌ مُتَتَابِعٌ Pearls following one another, or doing so in uninterrupted order. (TA.) And صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ The fasting of two consecutive months. (TA.) b2: غُصْنٌ مُتَتَابِعٌ (tropical:) An even, or a uniform, branch, in which are no knots. (K, * TA.) And فَرَسٌ مُتَتَابِعُ الخَلْقِ (tropical:) A horse symmetrical in make, (A, K,) justly proportioned in his limbs or parts. (A, TA.) and رَجُلٌ مُتَتَابِعُ العِلْمِ (tropical:) A man whose knowledge is uniform, consistent, without incongruity. (K, * TA.)