جمد

1 جَمَدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. جَمْدٌ and جُمُودٌ, said of water, (S, M, L, Msb, K,) &c., (Msb,) [i. e.,] of anything fluid, or liquid, (K,) It congealed; concreted; became solid, or contr. of fluid or liquid; froze; syn. قَامَ; (S, M;) contr. of ذَابَ; (Msb, K;) as also جَمُدَ. (L, K.) And said of blood, &c., (S, M,) It congealed, or concreted; syn. قام: (M:) or became dry; dried. (S.) See also 2. b2: Also, inf. n. جُمُودٌ, (assumed tropical:) He, or it, remained fixed, or stationary. (KL.) You say, مَا زِلْتُ أَضْرِبُهُ حَتَّى جَمَدَ (tropical:) [I ceased not to beat him until he became motionless]. (A.) b3: (assumed tropical:) [He, or it, was, or became, incapable of growth or increase; lifeless, or dead: see جَامِدٌ. b4: (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence; inert; not sharp, penetrating, vigorous, or effective, in the performing of affairs; or soft, without strength or sturdiness, and without endurance: see, again, جَامِدٌ.] b5: Also, inf. n. جُمُودٌ, (tropical:) said of a man's state or condition [as meaning, It was, or became, stagnant, or unimproving]. (A.) b6: Also جَمَدَتْ, aor. ـُ inf. n. جُمُودٌ, (tropical:) She [a camel, &c.,] had little milk. (T, TA.) and جَمَدَتْ عَيْنُهُ (tropical:) His eye shed few tears: a phrase alluding to hardness of the heart. (Msb.) b7: Also جَمَدَ, (L, K,) aor. ـُ (L,) [inf. n. جُمُودٌ;] and ↓ أَجْمَدَ; (A, TA; [in a copy of the A, انجمد, but this is doubtless a mistranscription; see مُجْمِدٌ;]) (tropical:) He was, or became, niggardly, penurious, or avaricious; (L, A, K;) as also جَمَدَ كَفُّهُ [or جَمَدَتْ]; (Msb;) or جَمَدَتْ يَدُهُ: (A:) and ↓ اجمد he possessed little good: (A, TA:) or جُمُودٌ signifies the refraining, or holding back, from beneficence. (Har p. 149.) b8: جَمَدَ لِى عَلَيْهِ حَقِّى (tropical:) My right, or due, was, or became, incumbent, or obligatory, on him; or established against him; (A, K, * TA;) as also ذَابَ. (A, TA.) A2: جَمَدَهُ He cut it, or cut it off. (K.) 2 جمّد, inf. n. تَجْمِيدٌ; (K;) or ↓ جَمَدَ; (so in the L;) It (water, and expressed juice, L) was about to congeal, concrete, become solid, or freeze; was at the point of congealing, &c.; expl. by حَاوَلَ أَنْ يَجْمُدَ. (L, K.) A2: [And the former, It caused water &c. to congeal.]4 اجمد: see 1, in two places. b2: Also, inf. n. إِجْمَادٌ, He was entrusted with the management of affairs among a people or party [in the game called المَيْسِر: see مُجْمِدٌ]. (T, TA.) A2: أَجْمَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَقِّى (tropical:) I made my right, or due, incumbent, or obligatory, on him; or established it against him. (A, K, * TA.) جَمْدٌ: see جَامِدٌ, in two places.

جُمْدٌ: see جُمُدٌ.

جَمَدٌ pl. [or rather quasi-pl. n.] of جَامِدٌ, q. v. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also Congealed, or frozen, water; ice: [see also جَمْدٌ, mentioned with جَامِدٌ:] and snow. (K.) b3: See also what next follows.

جُمُدٌ and ↓ جُمْدٌ Elevated ground; as also ↓ جَمَدٌ: (M, K:) or a hard, elevated place: (S, TA:) or جُمُدٌ signifies rugged ground: (TA:) or an elevated, rugged place: (As, TA:) or a small isolated mountain, not high, sometimes rugged and sometimes soft, and producing trees, only found in rugged land; so called because of its dryness; it is the smallest kind of أَكَمَة, round and small, not extending along the ground, rugged at the top, and producing herbs, or leguminous plants, as well as trees; differing from جُمُودٌ [q. v.]: (ISh, L, TA:) pl. [of mult.] جِمَادٌ (ISh, S, M, K) and [of pauc.] أَجْمَادٌ. (S, M, K.) b2: Also, the first, A stone: pl. جِمَادٌ. (Fr, TA.) جَمَادٌ (assumed tropical:) [A thing that does not grow, or increase; that is incapable of growth, or increase; an inorganic thing; as a mineral and the like:] an inanimate thing; a thing that has no soul: [an epithet used as a subst.; or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant:] pl. جَمَادَاتٌ. (Har p. 13.) [See also جَامِدٌ.] b2: (tropical:) Land (أَرْضٌ) upon which rain has not fallen: (T, S, K:) or dry land, upon which no rain has fallen, and in which is nothing: (T, TA:) or land in which is no produce: (A:) or, as some say, rugged land: (L:) or sterile, barren, or unfruitful, land, in which is nothing; as also جَهَادٌ: pl. جُمُدٌ. (AA, L in art. جهد.) b3: (tropical:) A year (سَنَةٌ) in which is no rain: (S, K:) or in which is no produce of the earth: (A:) and, in like manner, ↓ جَامِدَةٌ a year in which is no herbage, or pasture, no plenty, or fruitfulness, and no rain. (T, TA.) b4: (tropical:) A she-camel having no milk; (S, M, K;) and so a ewe or a she-goat: (L:) or having little milk: (T, TA:) and [accord. to some,] a slow she-camel; syn. بَطِيْئَةٌ; (L, K;) but [this is app. a mistranscription for بَكِيْئَةٌ

“ having little milk,” and] ISd says that the explanation بطيئة does not please him. (TA.) b5: See also جَامِدٌ, in two places.

A2: A kind of cloth or garment; as also ↓ جِمَادٌ. (K.) جَمَادِ, like قَطَامِ, (K,) or جَمَادِ لَهُ, (S, A, L,) said with reference to a niggard, (S, A, L, K,) in dispraise, (K,) as an imprecation, meaning (tropical:) May a stagnant, or an unimproving, state or condition (جُمُودُ الحَالِ) be his lot [or his constant lot]: (A:) or may he not cease to be in a stagnant, or an unimproving, state or condition (لَا زَالَ جَامِدَ الحَالِ). (S, L.) جَمَادِ is [a proper name,] indecl., with kesr for its termination, because it is transformed from the inf. n., namely, الجُمُودُ, like فَجَارِ, which means الفَجْرَةُ: (S:) and the contr. of جَمَادِ لَهُ is جَمَادِ لَهُ, (S, * A,) which denotes praise. (S.) El-Mutalemmis says, جَمَادِ لَهَا وَلَا تَقُولِى

لَهَا أَبَدًا إِذَا ذُكِرَتْ حَمَادِ i. e., Say thou جُمُودًا to her, [جُمُودًا,] and say not to her [ever, when she is mentioned,] حَمْدًا and شُكْرًا. (S.) جِمَادٌ: see جَمَادٌ, last meaning.

جَمُودٌ: see جَامِدٌ.

جُمُودٌ [app. Elevated tracts,] softer, or more plain, than what is termed جُمُدٌ, and more intermixed with soft, or plain, tracts, sometimes in, or by, that [kind of high ground] which is termed قُفٌّ, and sometimes in, or by, soft, or plain, tracts. (ISh, L, TA.) جَمِيدُ العَيْنِ: see جَامِدٌ.

جُمَادَى One of the names of the months, (Msb, K,) applied to two of the Arabian months, together called جُمَادَيَانِ, (TA,) and distinguished by the appellations of جُمَادَى الأُولَى and جُمَادَى

الآخِرَةُ [the fifth and sixth months of the Arabian year]: (S, K:) it is of the measure فُعَالَى, from الجَمْدُ; (S;) the two months to which it is applied being [said to be] so called because, when the months were named, these two fell in the season of the freezing of water: (ISd, L, Msb:) [but this derivation seems to have been invented when the two months thus named had fallen back, into, or beyond, the winter; for when they received this appellation, the former of them evidently commenced in March, and the latter ended in May; therefore I hold the opinion of M. Caussin de Perceval, that they were thus called because falling in a period when the earth had become dry and hard by reason of paucity of rain, from جَمَادٌ, an epithet applied to land upon which rain has not fallen, or from جُمَادَى, an epithet applied to an eye that sheds few tears; which opinion is confirmed by the obvious derivations of the names of other months, صَفَرٌ and رَبِيعٌ and رَمَضَانُ and شَوَّالٌ:] afterwards, when the lunar months superseded the solar, the same names were retained: (Msb:) [see زَمَنٌ, and الهِجْرَةُ:] جمادى is determinate, (K,) being a proper name, (TA,) and of the fem. gender: (Msb, K:) if you find it masc., it is because it is made to accord to الشَّهْرُ: all the other names of the months are masc.: (Fr, IAmb, Msb:) the pl. is جُمَادَيَاتٌ, (Fr, L, K,) agreeably with analogy; and if the form جِمَادٌ [a mistranscription for جَمَائِدُ, like حَبَائِرُ, pl. of حُبَارَى,] were used, it would also be agreeable with analogy. (Fr, L.) The former of these two months is also called جُمَادَى خَمْسَةٍ; and the latter, جُمَادَى سِتَّةٍ; (K;) which mean, respectively, Jumádà the fifth month and Jumádà the sixth month, from the commencement of the year. (TA.) Lebeed says, [describing a pair of wild asses,] حَتَّى إِذَا سَلَخَا جُمَادَى سِتَّةً

جَزَآ فَطَالَ صِيَامُهُ وَصِيَامُهَا [Until, when they both pass, and come to the end of, Jumádà, completing six months, they satisfy themselves with green pasture so as to be in no need of water, and his and her abstinence from water becomes of long continuance]: thus cited by Bundár; ستّة being in the accus. case as a denotative of state, and by جمادى being meant جمادى الآخرة: or, accord. to IAar, the poet said ستّةٍ, meaning the six months of winter, which are the months of dew; and Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee says the like. (MF.) AHn says that the Arabs applied the name of جمادى to The whole of the winter; [see above;] whether the winter were at the same time as the months so called or not: and Aboo-Sa'eed says the like. (L.) b2: See also جَامِدٌ.

لَيْلَةٌ جُمَادِيَّةٌ A wintry night. (Aboo-Sa'eed, L.) [See جُمَادَى.]

جَمَّادٌ (tropical:) A sword such that he who is struck with it becomes motionless (يَجْمُدُ): (A, TA:) or a sharp, cutting, sword. (AA, K.) جَامِدٌ, applied to water, (Msb, K,) &c., (Msb,) [i. e.] anything fluid, or liquid, (K,) In a state of congelation, concretion, or solidity; freezing; as also ↓ جَمْدٌ; contr. of ذَائِبٌ: (Msb, K:) you say مَآءٌ جَمْدٌ [as well as مَآءٌ جَامِدٌ]: (Msb:) or ↓ جَمْدٌ signifies what is congealed, or frozen, of water [&c.]; ice; (S, A;) contr. of ذَوْبٌ: (S:) [see also جَمَدٌ:] it is originally an inf. n.: (S, Msb, K:) [or it is an epithet from جَمُدَ, like ضَخْمٌ from ضَخُمَ:] and ↓ جَمَدٌ is a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] of جَامِدٌ, (S, Msb, K,) like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ: (S, Msb:) you say, قَدْ كَثُرَ الجَمَدُ [The frozen waters have become many]. (S.) [Hence,] مُخَّةٌ جَامِدَةٌ A hard piece of marrow. (L.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Remaining fixed, stationary, or motionless. (Bd and Jel in xxvii. 90.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A thing that does not grow, or increase; [incapable of growth, or increase; inanimate;] as stone, in contradistinction to a tree [and an animal]. (Kull.) [See also جَمَادٌ.] You say, لَكَ جَامِدُ هٰذَا المَالِ وَذَائِبُهُ (A, L, K *) (tropical:) To thee belongs, or shall belong, what consists of gold and silver [or the like inanimate things], of this property, and what consists of live stock, thereof: (L, K:) or what consists of stones, thereof, and what consists of trees, thereof: or what is solid, thereof, and what is fluid, or liquid, thereof. (L.) b4: [Hence its application in lexicology and grammar to (assumed tropical:) A noun that is not an inf. n. nor derived from an inf. n.; a noun having the quality of a real substantive (اِسْمِ عَيْنٍ), opposed to that which has the quality of an ideal substantive (اِسْمُ مَعْنًى): and (assumed tropical:) a verb that has but one tense and no inf. n., as لَيْسَ and نِعْمَ &c., opposed (as is said in the TA voce قَدْ) to مُتَصَرِّفٌ: it may be rendered (and so I have rendered it), in these cases, aplastic.]

b5: (assumed tropical:) Lifeless; dead. (Kull p. 147.) b6: (assumed tropical:) Stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence; inert; not sharp, penetrating, vigorous, or effective, in the performing of affairs; or soft, without strength or sturdiness, and without endurance. (TA.) b7: It is also applied to a man's state, or condition: you say رَجُلٌ جَامِدُ الحَالِ (assumed tropical:) [A man in a stagnant, or unimproving, state or condition]. (S, L.) b8: and to the eye: you say عَيْنٌ جَامِدَةٌ (assumed tropical:) An eye that sheds no tears; (Ks, K;) as also ↓ جُمَادَى, (Ks, K,) and ↓ جَمُودٌ; (S, K;) or this last signifies (tropical:) an eye that sheds few tears. (A.) And رَجُلٌ جَامِدُ العَيْنِ, (A, K,) and العين ↓ جَمِيدُ, and العين ↓ جَمَادُ, (A,) (tropical:) A man whose eye sheds few tears; (A;) or whose eye sheds no tears. (K.) b9: See also جَمَادٌ. b10: Also, (L,) and ↓ مُجْمِدٌ, (M, A, K,) and الكَفِّ ↓ جَمَادُ, (A, K,) (tropical:) Niggardly, penurious, or avaricious; (M, A, K;) niggardly of that which it is incumbent on him to give: (L:) and ↓ مُجْمِدٌ, also, a man of little, or no, good; possessing little, or no, good. (K.) A2: جَوَامِدُ, (as its pl., IAar, L,) Limits, or boundaries, or boundary-marks, between lands, (IAar, L, K, *) and between two dwellings. (L.) مُجْمِدٌ: see جَامِدٌ, last sentence but one, in two places. b2: The person who is entrusted with the management of affairs in a game of chance (قِمَار [here meaning the game called المَيْسِر]): (K:) [i. q. ضَرِيبٌ:] or the person entrusted with the management of affairs among a people or party, (T, K, TA,) who does not take part in the game called المَيْسِر, except that he shuffles the arrows (يَضْرِبُ بِهَا) for the players, and has them placed in his hands, and is confided in with respect to them, and compels him who has incurred an obligation to fulfil it: (L, TA:) or one who takes no part in the game called المَيْسِر, (who is called بَرَمٌ,) but who sometimes shuffles, or deals forth, the arrows, (يُفِيضُ بِهَا,) for the players; so in the following verse of Tarafeh: وَأَصْفَرَ مَضْبُوحٍ نَظَرْتُ حَوِيرَهُ عَلَى النَّارِ وَاسْتَوْدَعْتُهُ كَفَّ مُجْمِدِ [And of many a yellow arrow, changed in colour by fire, I have awaited the sound over the fire, and I have deposited it in the hand of one taking no part in the game but only shuffling, or dealing forth, the arrows for the players]; meaning, I have awaited its sound, which was like an answer proceeding from it, when I straightened it and marked it, over the fire: (S:) [or, accord. to the EM (p. 105), where we find حِوَارَهُ in the place of حَوِيرَهُ, the meaning is, and of many a yellow arrow, &c., I have awaited the returning and gaining, while we were assembled at the fire, &c.:] or مجمد here means a man taking with both his hands so as not to let anything go forth from them: (AA, TA:) or, accord. to As, it here means a man entering upon Jumádà, which was in that [the poet's] time a month of cold: (S, K: *) or one whose arrow does not gain anything in the game called المَيْسِر: (L:) or a person in whom one confides, and who is tenacious of that which is in his hand or possession, and not to be deceived. (A 'Obeyd, TA.) مَجْمَدَةٌ A place in which ice is kept. (MA.) هُوَ مُجَامِدِى He is my neighbour, his house, or tent, adjoining mine. (K.)

الْعَكْس المستوي: وَيُقَال لَهُ الْعَكْس الْمُسْتَقيم: أَيْضا وَهُوَ تَبْدِيل طرفِي الْقَضِيَّة ملفوظة كَانَت أَو معقولة مَعَ بَقَاء الصدْق والكيف وَإِنَّمَا سمي بهما لحُصُول الاسْتقَامَة والمساواة بَين الْقَضِيَّة وعكسها فِي الصدْق والكيف وكما أَن الْعَكْس المستوي والمستقيم يُطلق على الْمَعْنى المصدري الْمَذْكُور وَهُوَ التبديل المسطور كَذَلِك يُطلق على الْقَضِيَّة الْحَاصِلَة بالتبديل مجَازًا من قبيل إِطْلَاق الْخلق على الْمَخْلُوق أَي تَسْمِيَة الْمُتَعَلّق بِالْفَتْح باسم الْمُتَعَلّق بِالْكَسْرِ فَيعرف بِأَنَّهُ أخص قَضِيَّة لَازِمَة للقضية بطرِيق التبديل مُوَافقَة لَهَا فِي الكيف والصدق فَلَا بُد فِي إِثْبَات الْعَكْس من أَمريْن: أَحدهمَا أَن هَذِه الْقَضِيَّة لَازِمَة للْأَصْل وَذَلِكَ بالبرهان المنطبق على الْموَاد كلهَا، وَالثَّانِي أَن مَا هُوَ أخص من تِلْكَ الْقَضِيَّة لَيست لَازِمَة لذَلِك الأَصْل فَيظْهر ذَلِك بالتخلف فِي بعض الصُّور صرح بِهَذَا السَّيِّد السَّنَد الشريف الشريف قدس سره فِي حَوَاشِيه على شرح الشمسية وَمعنى بَقَاء الصدْق أَنه لَو فرض الأَصْل صَادِقا يجب صدق الْعَكْس مَعَه. وَحَاصِله لُزُوم الْعَكْس للْأَصْل وَمن ثمَّ يجوز أَن يكون الْعَكْس عَاما فَإِن قيل قَوْلنَا لَا شَيْء من الْجِسْم بممتد فِي الْجِهَات إِلَى غير النِّهَايَة صَادِق مَعَ أَن عَكسه وَهُوَ لَا شَيْء من الممتد فِيهَا بجسم كَاذِب فَعلم من هَا هُنَا أَن كَون الْعَكْس لَازِما للْأَصْل غير مُسلم. وَأَيْضًا كُلية قَوْلهم السالبة الْكُلية تنعكس كنفسها منقوضة بالخلف فِي القَوْل الْمَذْكُور قُلْنَا إِن قَوْلكُم لَا شَيْء من الْجِسْم بممتد فِي الْجِهَات إِلَى غير النِّهَايَة لَا يَخْلُو من أَن يكون قَضِيَّة خارجية أَو حَقِيقَة فَإِن أَخَذْتُم الْقَضِيَّة خارجية فعكسه صَادِق لِأَن السالبة تصدق عِنْد انْتِفَاء الْمَوْضُوع وَعَدَمه وموضوع الْعَكْس أَعنِي الممتد فِي الْجِهَات الثَّلَاث إِلَى غير النِّهَايَة مَعْدُوم مُنْتَفٍ لبُطْلَان لَا تناهي الأبعاد بالبراهين الْمَذْكُورَة فِي الْحِكْمَة. وَإِن أخذتموها حَقِيقِيَّة فَنَقُول صدقهَا مَمْنُوع لِأَن كل ممتد فِي الْجِهَات لَا إِلَى نِهَايَة جسم وَيجوز أَن يكون الْأَجْسَام المعدومة فِي الْخَارِج كَذَلِك. فَإِن الْبُرْهَان مَا دلّ إِلَّا على تناهي الْأَجْسَام الْمَوْجُودَة فِي الْخَارِج. وَأما على تناهي الْأَجْسَام الْمقدرَة فَلَا فَإِن قيل إِن قَوْلهم الْمُوجبَة مُطلقًا تنعكس جزئية بَاطِل لِأَنَّهُ لَو كَانَ كَذَلِك لانعكس قَوْلنَا كل شيخ كَانَ شَابًّا إِلَى قَوْلنَا بعض الشَّاب كَانَ شَيخا وَهُوَ كَاذِب مَعَ صدق الأَصْل إِذْ كلمة كَانَ للزمان الْمَاضِي فَهِيَ تَقْتَضِي سبق زمَان الشيخوخة فِي الْبَعْض على زمَان شبابه وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِك قُلْنَا إِن قَوْلكُم الْمَذْكُور ينعكس إِلَى قَوْلنَا بعض من كَانَ شَابًّا شيخ لَا إِلَى مَا ذكرْتُمْ حَتَّى يرد الْمَنْع.