ذكر خطط البصرة وقراها
وقد ذكرت بعض ذلك في أبوابه وذكرت بعضه هاهنا، قال أحمد بن يحيى بن جابر: كان حمران ابن أبان للمسيّب بن نجبة الفزاري أصابه بعين التمر فابتاعه منه عثمان بن عفّان وعلمه الكتابة واتخذه كاتبا، ثم وجد عليه لأنه كان وجّهه للمسألة عما رفع على الوليد بن عقبة بن أبي معيط، فارتشى منه وكذّب ما قيل فيه، ثم تيقّن عثمان صحة ذلك فوجد عليه
وقال: لا تساكنّي أبدا، وخيّره بلدا يسكنه غير المدينة، فاختار البصرة وسأله أن يقطعه بها دارا وذكر ذرعا كثيرا استكثره عثمان وقال لابن عامر:
أعطه دارا مثل بعض دورك، فأقطعه دار حمران التي بالبصرة في سكة بني سمرة بالبصرة، كان صاحبها عتبة بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن سمرة بن حبيب ابن عبد شمس بن عبد مناف، قال المدايني: قال أبو بكرة لابنه: يا بنيّ والله ما تلي عملا قط وما أراك تقصر عن إخوتك في النفقة، فقال: إن كتمت عليّ أخبرتك، قال: فإني أفعل، قال: فإني أغتلّ من حمّامي هذا في كلّ يوم ألف درهم وطعاما كثيرا. ثم إنّ مسلما مرض فأوصى إلى أخيه عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكرة وأخبره بغلة حمّامه، فأفشى ذلك واستأذن السلطان في بناء حمّام، وكانت الحمامات لا تبنى بالبصرة إلّا بإذن الولاة، فأذن له واستأذن غيره فأذن له وكثرت الحمامات، فأفاق مسلم بن أبي بكرة من مرضه وقد فسد عليه حمّامه فجعل يلعن عبد الرحمن ويقول: ما له قطع الله رحمه! وكان لزياد مولى يقال له فيل، وكان حاجبه، فكان يضرب المثل بحمّامه بالبصرة، وقد ذكرته في حمام فيل. نهر عمرو: ينسب إلى عمرو بن عتبة بن أبي سفيان. نهر ابن عمير: منسوب إلى عبد الله بن عمير بن عمرو بن مالك اللّيثي، كان عبد الله بن عامر بن كريز أقطعه ثمانية آلاف جريب فحفر عليها هذا النهر، ومن اصطلاح أهل البصرة أن يزيدوا في اسم الرجل الذي تنسب إليه القرية ألفا ونونا، نحو قولهم طلحتان:
نهر ينسب إلى طلحة بن أبي رافع مولى طلحة بن عبيد الله. خيرتان: منسوب إلى خيرة بنت ضمرة القشيرية امرأة المهلّب بن أبي صفرة. مهلّبان:
منسوب إلى المهلّب بن أبي صفرة، ويقال بل كان لزوجته خيرة فغلب عليه اسم المهلب، وهي أمّ أبي عيينة ابنه. وجبيران: قرية لجبير بن حيّة.
وخلفان: قطيعة لعبد الله بن خلف الخزاعي والد طلحة الطلحات. طليقان: لولد خالد بن طليق بن محمد بن عمران بن حصين الخزاعي، وكان خالد ولي قضاء البصرة. روّادان: لروّاد بن ابي بكرة.
شط عثمان: ينسب إلى عثمان بن أبي العاصي الثقفي، وقد ذكرته، فأقطع عثمان أخاه حفصا حفصان وأخاه أميّــة أميّــان وأخاه الحكم حكمان وأخاه المغيرة مغيرتان. أزرقان: ينسب إلى الأزرق بن مسلم مولى بني حنيفة. محمّدان: منسوب إلى محمد ابن علي بن عثمان الحنفي. زيادان: منسوب إلى زياد مولى بني الهجيم جدّ مونس بن عمران بن جميع بن يسار بن زياد وجد عيسى بن عمر النحوي لأمّهما.
عميران: منسوب إلى عبد الله بن عمير الليثي. نهر مقاتل بن حارثة بن قدامة السعدي. وحصينان:
لحصين بن أبي الحرّ العنبري. عبد الليان: لعبد الله بن أبي بكرة. عبيدان: لعبيد بن كعب النّميري. منقذان: لمنقذ بن علاج السّلمي. عبد الرحمانان: لعبد الرحمن بن زياد. نافعان: لنافع ابن الحارث الثقفي. أسلمان: لأسلم بن زرعة الكلابي. حمرانان: لحمران بن أبان مولى عثمان بن عفّان. قتيبتان: لقتيبة بن مسلم. خشخشان:
لآل الخشخاش العنبري. نهر البنات: لبنات زياد، أقطع كلّ بنت ستين جريبا، وكذلك كان يقطع العامة. سعيدان: لآل سعيد بن عبد الرحمن بن عتاب بن أسيد. سليمانان: قطيعة لعبيد بن نشيط صاحب الطرف أيام الحجاج، فرابط به رجل من الزهاد يقال له سليمان بن جابر فنسب إليه. عمران:
لعمر بن عبيد الله بن معمر التيمي. فيلان: لفيل
مولى زياد. خالدان: لخالد بن عبد الله بن خالد بن أسيد بن أبي العيص بن أميّــة. المسماريّة: قطيعة مسمار مولى زياد بن أبيه، وله بالكوفة ضيعة.
سويدان: كانت لعبيد الله بن أبي بكرة قطيعة مبلغها أربعمائة جريب فوهبها لسويد بن منجوف السّدوسي، وذلك أن سويدا مرض فعاده عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة فقال له: كيف تجدك؟ فقال: صالحا إن شئت، فقال: قد شئت، وما ذلك؟ قال: إن أعطيتني مثل الذي أعطيت ابن معمر فليس عليّ بأس، فأعطاه سويدان فنسب إليه. جبيران: لآل كلثوم بن جبير. نهر أبي برذعة بن عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة.
كثيران: لكثير بن سيّار. بلالان: لبلال بن أبي بردة، كانت قطيعة لعبّاد بن زياد فاشتراه. شبلان:
لشبل بن عميرة بن تيري الضّبيّ.

ذكر ما جاءَ في ذم البصرة
لما قدم أميــر المؤمنين البصرة بعد وقعة الجمل ارتقى منبرها فحمد الله وأثنى عليه ثم قال: يا أهل البصرة يا بقايا ثمود يا أتباع البهيمة يا جند المرأة، رغا فاتبعتم وعقر فانهزمتم، أما إني ما أقول ما أقول رغبة ولا رهبة منكم غير أني سمعت رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، يقول: تفتح أرض يقال لها البصرة، أقوم أرض الله قبلة، قارئها أقرأ الناس وعابدها أعبد الناس وعالمها أعلم الناس ومتصدقها أعظم الناس صدقة، منها إلى قرية يقال لها الأبلّة أربعة فراسخ يستشهد عند مسجد جامعها وموضع عشورها ثمانون ألف شهيد، الشهيد يومئذ كالشهيد يوم بدر معي، وهذا الخبر بالمدح أشبه، وفي رواية أخرى أنه رقي المنبر فقال:
يا أهل البصرة ويا بقايا ثمود يا أتباع البهيمة ويا جند المرأة، رغا فاتبعتم وعقر فانهزمتم، دينكم نفاق وأحلامكم دقاق وماؤكم زعاق، يا أهل البصرة والبصيرة والسّبخة والخريبة أرضكم أبعد أرض الله من السماء وأقربها من الماء وأسرعها خرابا وغرقا، ألا إني سمعت رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، يقول: أما علمت أن جبريل حمل جميع الأرض على منكبه الأيمن فأتاني بها؟ ألا إني وجدت البصرة أبعد بلاد الله من السماء وأقربها من الماء وأخبثها ترابا وأسرعها خرابا، ليأتينّ عليها يوم لا يرى منها إلا شرفات جامعها كجؤجؤ السفينة في لجة البحر، ثم قال: ويحك يا بصرة ويلك من جيش لا غبار له! فقيل: يا أميــر المؤمنين ما الويح وما الويل؟ فقال: الويح والويل بابان، فالويح رحمة والويل عذاب، وفي رواية أن عليّا، رضي الله عنه، لما فرغ من وقعة الجمل دخل البصرة فأتى مسجدها الجامع فاجتمع الناس فصعد المنبر فحمد الله واثنى عليه وصلى على النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثم قال: أما بعد، فان الله ذو رحمة واسعة فما ظنكم يا أهل البصرة يا أهل السبخة يا أهل المؤتفكة ائتفكت بأهلها ثلاثا وعلى الله الرابعة يا جند المرأة، ثم ذكر الذي قبله ثم قال: انصرفوا إلى منازلكم وأطيعوا الله وسلطانكم، وخرج حتى صار إلى المربد والتفت وقال: الحمد لله الذي أخرجني من شرّ البقاع ترابا وأسرعها خرابا. ودخل فتى من أهل المدينة البصرة فلما انصرف قال له أصحابه: كيف رأيت البصرة؟ قال: خير بلاد الله للجائع والغريب والمفلس، أما الجائع فيأكل خبز الأرز والصحناءة فلا ينفق في شهر إلّا درهمين، وأما الغريب فيتزوّج بشقّ درهم، وأما المحتاج فلا عليه غائلة ما بقيت له استه يخرأ ويبيع، وقال الجاحظ: من عيوب البصرة اختلاف هوائها في يوم واحد لأنهم يلبسون القمص مرة والمبطّنات مرة لاختلاف جواهر
الساعات، ولذلك سمّيت الرّعناء، قال الفرزدق:
لولا أبو مالك المرجوّ نائله ... ما كانت البصرة الرّعناء لي وطنا
وقد وصف هذه الحال ابن لنكك فقال:
نحن بالبصرة في لو ... ن من العيش ظريف
نحن، ما هبّت شمال، ... بين جنّات وريف
فإذا هبّت جنوب، ... فكأنّا في كنيف
وللحشوش بالبصرة أثمان وافرة، ولها فيما زعموا تجار يجمعونها فإذا كثرت جمع عليها أصحاب البساتين ووقفهم تحت الريح لتحمل إليهم نتنها فإنه كلما كانت أنتن كان ثمنها أكثر، ثم ينادى عليها فيتزايد الناس فيها، وقد قصّ هذه القصة صريع الدّلاء البصري في شعر له ولم يحضرني الآن، وقد ذمّتها الشعراء، فقال محمد بن حازم الباهلي:
ترى البصريّ ليس به خفاء، ... لمنخره من البثر انتشار
ربا بين الحشوش وشبّ فيها، ... فمن ريح الحشوش به اصفرار
يعتّق سلحة، كيما يغالي ... به عند المبايعة التجار
وقال أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن هلال الصابي:
لهف نفسي على المقام ببغدا ... د، وشربي من ماء كوز بثلج
نحن بالبصرة الذميمة نسقي، ... شرّ سقيا، من مائها الأترنجي
أصفر منكر ثقيل غليظ ... خاثر مثل حقنة القولنج
كيف نرضى بمائها، وبخير ... منه في كنف أرضنا نستنجي
وقال أيضا:
ليس يغنيك في الطهارة بال ... بصرة، إن حانت الصلاة، اجتهاد
إن تطهّرت فالمياه سلاح، ... أو تيمّمت فالصعيد سماد
وقال شاعر آخر يصف أهل البصرة بالبخل وكذب عليهم:
أبغضت بالبصرة أهل الغنى، ... إني لأمثالهم باغض
قد دثّروا في الشمس أعذاقها، ... كأنّ حمّى بخلهم نافض

ذكر ما جاء في مدح البصرة
كان ابن أبي ليلى يقول: ما رأيت بلدا أبكر إلى ذكر الله من أهل البصرة، وقال شعيب بن صخر:
تذاكروا عند زياد البصرة والكوفة فقال زياد: لو ضلّت البصرة لجعلت الكوفة لمن دلّني عليها، وقال ابن سيرين: كان الرجل من أهل البصرة يقول لصاحبه إذا بالغ في الدعاء عليه: غضب الله عليك كما غضب على المغيرة وعزله عن البصرة وولاه الكوفة، وقال ابن أبي عيينة المهلبي يصف البصرة:
يا جنّة فاقت الجنان، فما ... يعدلها قيمة ولا ثمن
ألفتها فاتخذتها وطنا، ... إنّ فؤادي لمثلها وطن
زوّج حيتانها الضّباب بها، ... فهذه كنّة وذا ختن
فانظر وفكّر لما نطقت به، ... إنّ الأديب المفكّر الفطن
من سفن كالنّعام مقبلة، ... ومن نعام كأنها سفن
وقال المدائني: وفد خالد بن صفوان على عبد الملك ابن مروان فوافق عنده وفود جميع الأمصار وقد اتخذ مسلمة مصانع له، فسأل عبد الملك أن يأذن للوفود في الخروج معه إلى تلك المصانع، فأذن لهم، فلما نظر إليها مسلمة أعجب بها فأقبل على وفد أهل مكة فقال: يا أهل مكة هل فيكم مثل هذه المصانع؟
فقالوا: لا الا أن فينا بيت الله المستقبل، ثم أقبل على وفد أهل المدينة فقال: يا أهل المدينة هل فيكم مثل هذه؟ فقالوا: لا إلّا أن فينا قبر نبي الله المرسل، ثم أقبل على وفد أهل الكوفة فقال: يا أهل الكوفة هل فيكم مثل هذه المصانع؟ فقالوا: لا إلّا أن فينا تلاوة كتاب الله المرسل، ثم أقبل على وفد أهل البصرة فقال: يا أهل البصرة هل فيكم مثل هذه المصانع؟
فتكلم خالد بن صفوان وقال: أصلح الله الــأميــر! إن هؤلاء أقرّوا على بلادهم ولو أن عندك من له ببلادهم خبرة لأجاب عنهم، قال: أفعندك في بلادك غير ما قالوا في بلادهم؟ قال: نعم، أصلح الله الــأميــر! أصف لك بلادنا؟ فقال: هات، قال: يغدو قانصانا فيجيء هذا بالشّبوط والشّيم ويجيء هذا بالظبي والظليم، ونحن أكثر الناس عاجا وساجا وخزّا وديباجا وبرذونا هملاجا وخريدة مغناجا، بيوتنا الذهب ونهرنا العجب أوله الرّطب وأوسطه العنب وآخره القصب، فأما الرطب عندنا فمن النخل في مباركه كالزّيتون عندكم في منابته، هذا على أفنانه كذاك على أغصانه، هذا في زمانه كذاك في إبّانه، من الراسخات في الوحل المطعمات في المحل الملقحات بالفحل يخرجن أسفاطا عظاما وأقساطا ضخاما، وفي رواية: يخرجن أسفاطا وأقساطا كأنما ملئت رياطا، ثم ينفلقن عن قضبان الفضة منظومة باللؤلؤ الأبيض ثم تتبدّل قضبان الذهب منظومة بالزبرجد الأخضر ثم تصير ياقوتا أحمر وأصفر ثم تصير عسلا في شنّة من سحاء ليست بقربة ولا إناء حولها المذابّ ودونها الجراب لا يقربها الذباب مرفوعة عن التراب ثم تصير ذهبا في كيسة الرجال يستعان به على العيال، وأما نهرنا العجب فإنّ الماء يقبل عنقا فيفيض مندفقا فيغسل غثّها ويبدي مبثّها، يأتينا في أوان عطشنا ويذهب في زمان ريّنا فنأخذ منه حاجتنا ونحن نيام على فرشنا فيقبل الماء وله ازدياد وعباب ولا يحجبنا عنه حجاب ولا تغلق دونه الأبواب ولا يتنافس فيه من قلّة ولا يحبس عنّا من علّة، وأما بيوتنا الذهب فإنّ لنا عليهم خرجا في السنين والشهور نأخذه في أوقاته ويسلمه الله تعالى من آفاته وننفقه في مرضاته، فقال له مسلمة: أنّى لكم هذه يا ابن صفوان ولم تغلبوا عليها ولم تسبقوا إليها؟ فقال: ورثناها عن الآباء ونعمّرها للأبناء ويدفع لنا عنها ربّ السماء ومثلنا فيها كما قال معن بن أوس:
إذا ما بحر خندف جاش يوما ... يغطمط موجه المتعرّضينا
فمهما كان من خير، فإنّا ... ورثناها أوائل أوّلينا
وإنّا مورثون، كما ورثنا ... عن الآباء إن متنا، بنينا
وقال الأصمعي: سمعت الرشيد يقول: نظرنا فإذا كلّ ذهب وفضة على وجه الأرض لا يبلغ ثمن نخل البصرة. وقال أبو حاتم: ومن العجائب، وهو مما أكرم الله به الإسلام، أنّ النخل لا يوجد إلّا في بلاد الإسلام البتة مع أن بلاد الهند والحبش والنوبة بلاد حارة خليقة بوجود النخل فيها، وقال ابن أبي عيينة يتشوّق البصرة:
فإن أشك من ليلي بجرجان طوله، ... فقد كنت أشكو منه بالبصرة القصر
فيا نفس قد بدّلت بؤسا بنعمة، ... ويا عين قد بدّلت من قرّة عبر
ويا حبذاك السائلي فيم فكرتي ... وهمّي، ألا في البصرة الهمّ والفكر
فيا حبّذا ظهر الحزيز وبطنه، ... ويا حسن واديه، إذا ماؤه زخر
ويا حبذا نهر الأبلّة منظرا، ... إذا مدّ في إبّانه الماء أو جزر
ويا حسن تلك الجاريات، إذا غدت ... مع الماء تجري مصعدات وتنحدر
فيا ندمي إذ ليس تغني ندامتي! ... ويا حذري إذ ليس ينفعني الحذر!
وقائلة: ماذا نبا بك عنهم؟ ... فقلت لها: لا علم لي، فاسألي القدر
وقال الجاحظ: بالبصرة ثلاث أعجوبات ليست في غيرها من البلدان، منها: أنّ عدد المدّ والجزر في جميع الدهر شيء واحد فيقبل عند حاجتهم إليه ويرتدّ عند استغنائهم عنه، ثم لا يبطئ عنها إلّا بقدر هضمها واستمرائها وجمامها واستراحتها، لا يقتلها غطسا ولا غرقا ولا يغبّها ظمأ ولا عطشا، يجيء على حساب معلوم وتدبير منظوم وحدود ثابتة وعادة قائمة، يزيدها القمر في امتلائه كما يزيدها في نقصانه فلا يخفى على أهل الغلّات متى يتخلفون ومتى يذهبون ويرجعون بعد أن يعرفوا موضع القمر وكم مضى من الشهر، فهي آية وأعجوبة ومفخر وأحدوثة، لا يخافون المحل ولا يخشون الحطمة، قلت أنا: كلام الجاحظ هذا لا يفهمه إلّا من شاهد الجزر والمد، وقد شاهدته في ثماني سفرات لي إلى البصرة ثم إلى كيش ذاهبا وراجعا، ويحتاج إلى بيان يعرفه من لم يشاهده، وهو أن دجلة والفرات يختلطان قرب البصرة ويصيران نهرا عظيما يجري من ناحية الشمال إلى ناحية الجنوب فهذا يسمونه جزرا، ثم يرجع من الجنوب إلى الشمال ويسمونه مدّا، يفعل ذلك في كل يوم وليلة مرّتين، فإذا جزر نقص نقصانا كثيرا بيّنا بحيث لو قيس لكان الذي نقص مقدار ما يبقى وأكثر، وليست زيادته متناسبة بل يزيد في أول كل شهر، ووسطه أكثر من سائره، وذاك أنه إذا انتهى في أول الشهر إلى غايته في الزيادة وسقى المواضع العالية والأراضي القاصية أخذ يمدّ كل يوم وليلة أنقص من اليوم الذي قبله، وينتهي غاية نقص زيادته في آخر يوم من الأسبوع الأول من الشهر، ثم يمدّ في كل يوم أكثر من مدّه في اليوم الذي قبله حتى ينتهي غاية زيادة مدّه في نصف الشهر، ثم يأخذ في النقص إلى آخر الأسبوع ثم في الزيادة في آخر الشهر هكذا أبدا لا يختلف ولا يخل بهذا القانون ولا يتغير عن هذا الاستمرار، قال الجاحظ: والأعجوبة الثانية ادّعاء أهل أنطاكية وأهل حمص وجميع بلاد الفراعنة
الطلسمات، وهي بدون ما لأهل البصرة، وذاك أن لو التمست في جميع بيادرها وربطها المعوّذة وغيرها على نخلها في جميع معاصر دبسها أن تصيب ذبابة واحدة لما وجدتها إلا في الفرط، ولو أن معصرة دون الغيط أو تمرة منبوذة دون المسنّاة لما استبقيتها من كثرة الذّبّان، والأعجوبة الثالثة أن الغربان القواطع في الخريف يجيء منها ما يسوّد جميع نخل البصرة وأشجارها حتى لا يرى غصن واحد إلا وقد تأطّر بكثرة ما عليه منها ولا كربة غليظة إلا وقد كادت أن تندقّ لكثرة ما ركبها منها، ثم لم يوجد في جميع الدهر غراب واحد ساقط إلا على نخلة مصرومة ولم يبق منها عذق واحد، ومناقير الغربان معاول وتمر الأعذاق في ذلك الإبّان غير متماسكة، فلو خلاها الله تعالى ولم يمسكها بلطفه لاكتفى كل عذق منها بنقرة واحدة حتى لم يبق عليها إلا اليسير، ثم هي في ذلك تنتظر أن تصرم فإذا أتى الصرام على آخرها عذقا رأيتها سوداء ثم تخللت أصول الكرب فلا تدع حشفة إلا استخرجتها، فسبحان من قدّر لهم ذلك وأراهم هذه الأعجوبة، وبين البصرة والمدينة نحو عشرين مرحلة ويلتقي مع طريق الكوفة قرب معدن النّقرة، وأخبار البصرة كثيرة والمنسوبون إليها من أهل العلم لا يحصون، وقد صنف عمر بن شبّة وأبو يحيى زكرياء الساجي وغيرهما في فضائلها كتابا في مجلدات، والذي ذكرناه كاف.

والبَصْرَةُ:
أيضا: بلد في المغرب في أقصاه قرب السوس، خربت، قال ابن حوقل وهو يذكر مدن المغرب من بلاد البربر: والبصرة مدينة مقتصدة عليها سور ليس بالمنيع، ولها عيون خارجها عليها بساتين يسيرة، وأهلها ينسبون إلى السلامة والخير والجمال وطول القامة واعتدال الخلق، وبينها وبين المدينة المعروفة بالأقلام أقلّ من مرحلة، وبينها وبين مدينة يقال لها تشمّس أقلّ من مرحلة أيضا، ولما ذكر المدن التي على البحر قال: ثم تعطف على البحر المحيط يسارا وعليه من المدن، قريبة منه وبعيدة، جرماية وساوران والحجا على نحر البحر، ودونها في البرّ مشرقا: الأقلام ثم البصرة، وقال البشّاري:
البصرة مدينة بالمغرب كبيرة، كانت عامرة وقد خربت، وكانت جليلة، وكان قول البشّاري هذا في سنة 378، وقرأت في كتاب المسالك والممالك لأبي عبيد البكري الأندلسي: بين فاس والبصرة أربعة أيام، قال: والبصرة مدينة كبيرة، وهي أوسع تلك البلاد مرعى وأكثرها ضرعا ولكثرة ألبانها تعرف ببصرة الذّبّان وتعرف ببصرة الكتان، كانوا يتبايعون في بدء أمرها في جميع تجاراتهم بالكتان، وتعرف أيضا بالحمراء لأنها حمراء التربة، وسورها مبنيّ بالحجارة والطوب، وهي بين شرفين، ولها عشرة أبواب، وماؤها زعاق، وشرب أهلها من بئر عذبة على باب المدينة، وفي بساتينها آبار عذبة، ونساء هذه البصرة مخصوصات بالجمال الفائق والحسن الرائق، ليس بأرض المغرب أجمل منهن، قال أحمد بن فتح المعروف بابن الخزّاز التيهرتي يمدح أبا العيش عيسى بن إبراهيم بن القاسم:
قبح الإله الدهر، إلّا قينة ... بصريّة في حمرة وبياض
الخمر في لحظاتها، والورد في ... وجناتها، والكشح غير مفاض
في شكل مرجيّ ونسك مهاجر، ... وعفاف سنّيّ وسمت إباض
تيهرت أنت خلية، وبرقّة ... عوّضت منك ببصرة، فاعتاضي
لا عذر للحمراء في كلفي بها، ... أو تستفيض بأبحر وحياض
قال: ومدينة البصرة مستحدثة أسست في الوقت الذي أسست فيه أصيلة أو قريبا منه.

عول

1 عَالَ عِيَالَهُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, * K, TA,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِيَالَةٌ (S, O, K) and عُوُولٌ; (K;) He fed, nourished, or sustained, his family, or household, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, * K, [in the Msb, اليَتِيمَ, the orphan,]) and expended upon them: (S, Mgh, O:) or he supplied them with what they needed of food and clothing and other things: (TA:) and ↓ أَعَالَهُمْ and ↓ عَيَّلَهُمْ signify the same. (K.) One says, عُلْتُهُ شَهْرًا I supplied him with his means of subsistence for a month. (S, O.) And it is said in a trad., اِبْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ i. e. [Begin thou] with those whom thou sustainest, and whose expenses are incumbent on thee; and if anything remain over and above, let it be for the strangers, or those who are not related to thee. (TA.) A2: And عال, (Ks, K, TA,) aor. as above, (Ks, TA,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ and عِيَالَةٌ (K, TA) and عُوُولٌ, (TA,) He had a numerous family or household; (K, TA;) [and] so ↓ اعال, (Z, Mgh, O, Msb,) and ↓ أَعْوَلَ, (Z, O, K,) and ↓ أَعْيَلَ, (Msb, K, TA,) this last formed by the change of و into ى, (TA,) [or formed from عِيَالٌ,] and عيل [i. e. ↓ عَيَّلَ]: (Msb:) ↓ اعال is also expl. as meaning [simply] he had a family, or household: and ↓ أَعْوَلَتْ, occurring in a trad., as meaning she brought forth children, is said by IAth to be originally أَعْيَلَتْ, signifying she had a family, or household; but Z says that اعيلت is formed with a regard to the word عِيَالٌ, and is not the original form. (TA.) [See also 4 in art. عيل.] مَا لَهُ عَالَ وَمَالَ is a form of imprecation, meaning [What ails him?] May he have a numerous family or household, and may he decline from the right course in his judgment. (K. [See another explanation in art. عيل.]) And the saying, in the Kur [iv. 3], ذٰلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا has been expl. as meaning [That will be more, or most, apt, fit, or proper,] that ye may not have numerous families or households. (TA.) b2: [Hence, probably,] عال, aor. as above, [and يَعِيلُ, (see 1 in art. عيل,)] signifies also He (a man) was, or became, poor; (Ks, TA;) [and] so ↓ اعال. (K.) And Yoo says that لَا يَعُولُ عَلَى

القَصْدِ أَحَدٌ signifies لَا يَحْتَاجُ [app. meaning No one will become poor, or in want, while following the right course]: (TA:) and so لَا يَعِيلُ. (TA in art. عيل.) A3: عال المِيزَانُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ and يَعِيلُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ and عَيْلٌ, (TA,) The balance inclined, or declined, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) and rose: (Mgh, Msb:) or one of its extremities rose above the other: (TA:) or it was, or became, defective, and declined from the right state: or [in the CK “ and ”] it was, or became, excessive. (K, TA.) And [hence,] عال فِى المِيزَانِ (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, unfaithful; or he acted unfaithfully. (Msb.) A poet says, قَالُوا اتَّبْعْنَا رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ وَاطَّرَحُوا قَوْلَ الرَّسُولِ وَعَالُوا فِى المَوَازِينِ [They said, “We have followed the way of the Apostle of God: ” but they have rejected the saying of the Apostle, (assumed tropical:) and been false in the balances, i. e., unfaithful]. (S, O.) b2: And عال, (inf. n. عَوْلٌ, Msb,) He (a judge, Mgh) deviated from the right course, or acted wrongfully, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) فِى الحُكْمِ [in the judgment]. (S, O.) Hence, in the Kur [iv. 3, mentioned above], أَلَّا تَعُولُوا [that ye may not deviate from the right course], (S, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) accord. to Mujá-hid, (S, O, Msb,) and most of the expositors. (TA.) b3: And hence, (S, Mgh, O,) in the opinion of A'Obeyd, (S, O,) عَالَتِ الفَرِيضَةُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) The فَرِيضَة [or primarily-apportioned inheritance] deviated [by excess] from the limit of the named [primary] portions [which are all fractions of four and twenty]; (Bd in iv. 3;) [meaning] it rose [above], (S, O, Msb, K,) or exceeded, (K,) in the reckoning, (Msb, K,) [the regular sum of the fixed primary portions,] i. e., its [fixed primary], portions exceeded [the regular sum thereof], occasioning a diminution to the sharers: (S, Mgh, O, Msb:) العَوْلُ in this case being the contr. of الرَّدُّ [which I do not find in any lexicon, but only in dictionaries of conventional terms]. (Msb.) Az relates, of El-Mufaddal, that, application having been made to him respecting [the shares of inheritance of] two daughters and a father and a mother and a wife, said, “Her [the wife's] eighth has become a ninth: ” and A' Obeyd says, he meant that the [primary] portions had exceeded [the regular sum] so that there fell to the wife the ninth, whereas in the original case she would have had the eighth; for if the فريضة had not exceeded [the regular sum], it would have consisted of four and twenty; but when it [so] exceeded, it became of seven and twenty; and there pertained to the two daughters the two thirds [of four and twenty], i. e. sixteen portions; and to the father and the mother the two sixths, i. e. eight portions; and to the wife three reckoned as of seven and twenty, i. e. the ninth, whereas, before the exceeding, it would have been three of four and twenty, i. e. the eighth: and this question is called المَسْأَلَةُ المِنْبَرِيَّةُ, because 'Alee was asked respecting it when he was on the pulpit, and said, without premeditation, “Her eighth has become a ninth. ” (TA.) Hence the saying, in a trad. of Maryam, [i. e. the Virgin Mary, respecting a story to which allusion is made in the Kur iii. 39, (see a note on that verse in Sale's Translation,)] وَعَالَ قَلَمُ زَكَرِيَّآءَ i. e. [and the divining-arrow of Zacharias] rose upon the water. (TA.) b4: And one says also, عال زَيْدٌ الفَرَائِضَ, (S, Mgh, O,) or الفَرِيضَةَ, (Msb,) first Pers\. عُلْتُهَا, (K,) meaning Zeyd made the فرائض, or فريضة, to be as described above; as also ↓ أَعَالَهَا; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K; *) which latter is the more common. (Msb.) b5: عال said of an affair, or event, It was, or became, hard to be borne, severe, or distressing, and great, or formidable. (S, O, K.) b6: And also, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S. O,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ, (TA,) It (a thing) overcame a person; burdened, or oppressed, him; (S, O, K;) distressed him; (Fr, O;) and disquieted him, or rendered him anxious. (K.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce مَسَافَةٌ, in art. سوف.] One says, عِيلَ مَا هُوَ عَائِلُهُ i. e. غُلِبَ مَا هُوَ غَالِبُهُ [May he be overcome! Of what is he the overcomer?]: (S, Meyd, O, K:) a prov., (Meyd,) applied to him at whose speech, or some other thing proceeding from him, (S, Meyd, O, K,) of a like sort, (K,) one wonders: (S, Meyd, O, K:) it is of the nature of a prayer, (S, Meyd, O,) for the man; (Meyd;) like the saying, when a thing pleases one, قَاتَلَهُ اللّٰهُ, and أَخْزَاهُ اللّٰهُ. (TA.) And عِيلَ صَبْرِى My patience was overcome; (S, O, K;) and so عَالَ صَبْرِى: (Abu-l-Jarráh, Lh, K:) or, accord. to Aboo-Tálib, the former may mean رُفِعَ [i. e., was taken away, lit. raised; and if so, the latter may in like manner mean اِرْتَفَعَ]. (TA.) عَالَتِ البَيْقُورَ, occurring in a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abi-s-Salt, refers to a year of drought, and means It oppressed the [wild] oxen, by occasioning their having سَلَع and عُشَر tied to their tails and set on fire, and being made to ascend upon the mountain; by the doing of which, the Arabs asserted that they obtained rain. (S, O. [See art. سلع.]) b7: عَالَكَ عَالِيًا [in which عَالَكَ app. signifies properly رَفَعَكَ, the agent (اللّٰهُ) being understood,] is like the saying لَعًا لَكَ عَالِيًا, (K, TA, [in the CK لَعا لَكَ,]) and is expl. in the T as meaning Mayest thou rise, or be raised, after stumbling, or falling. (TA.) b8: عِيلَ عَوْلُهُ [app. signifying lit. May the wailing for him be raised (in the CK عَوْلَةً)] means may his mother be bereft of him; as also عَالَ عَوْلُهُ. (K, TA.) 2 عَيَّلَهُمْ [app. formed from عِيَالٌ, in which the ى is originally و]: see 1, first sentence. b2: It signifies also He made them to become what are termed عِيَال [i. e. a family, or household]: or he neglected them: (K:) or تَعْيِيلٌ signifies the feeding badly. (S and O in art. عيل.) A2: عيّل as intrans.: see 1, fourth sentence.

A3: عوّل عَلَيْهِ He acted, or behaved, with boldness, or presumptuousness, towards him; or confided in his love, and therefore acted presumptuously towards him; and he put, or imposed as a burden, upon him [some affair]; (Az, S, O, K;) as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ أَعْوَلَ, (K, TA,) part. n. ↓ مُعْوِلٌ. (TA.) One says, عَوَّلْتُ, عَلَى فُلَانٍ I put, or imposed as a burden, upon such a one, somewhat of my affair: and عَوِّلْ عَلَىَّ Put thou, or impose thou as a burden, upon me what thou desirest. (Ham p. 125.) b2: And He asked aid of him; (K, TA;) as also عوّل بِهِ. (TA.) One says, عَوِّلٌ عَلَىَّ بِما شِئْتَ Ask thou aid of me in what thou wilt; as though he said, put thou, or impose thou as a burden, upon me, what thou likest. (S, O.) b3: And He relied upon it, or confided in it; (Msb, K;) namely, a thing; as also عوّل بِهِ; inf. n. تَعْوِيلٌ (Msb) and ↓ مُعَوَّلٌ, (K, TA,) thus on the authority of Th, who thus explains it in the saying, (TA,) of Imra-el- Keys, (O,) وَإنَّ شِفَائِى عَبْرَةٌ مُهَرَقَةٌ فَهَلْ عِنْدَ رَسْمٍ دَارِسٍ مِنْ مُعَوَّلِ [When verily my cure is a flow of tears poured forth: but is there reliance, or confidence, to be felt at the remains of an abode becoming rased, or effaced?]: or ↓ مُعَوَّل is here an inf. n. of عَوَّلْتُ in the sense of أعْوَلْتُ, i. e. بَكَيْتُ; so that the meaning is, weeping: (TA:) or it here means a place of weeping: or, as some say, a seeking of any means of profiting. (O. [See also EM pp. 6 and 7.]) One says likewise, ↓ عَلَيْهِ المُعَوَّلُ, meaning [Upon him is placed] reliance. (TA.) A4: See also 4.

A5: And عوّل, (K, and Ham p. 125,) or عوّل عَالَةً, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْوِيلٌ, (K,) signifies He (a pastor, Ham) made, or constructed, a shelter from the rain, termed عالة, (S, O, K, and Ham * ubi suprà,) by binding some branches of a tree to some branches of a tree near to the former, and then covering them with small lopped wood such as is used for firewood. (Ham.) 4 أعَالَهُمْ: see 1, first sentence.

A2: اعال and أعْوَلَ and أَعْيَلَ as intrans.: see 1, former half, in six places.

A3: اعال الفَرَئِضَ or الفَرِيضَةَ: see 1, latter half.

A4: See also 2, former half.

A5: أَعْوَلَ (Sh, S, O, K) and ↓ عوّل (Sh, O, K) He wept; (O;) as also ↓ اِعْتَوَلَ: (O, K:) or he wailed; i. e. raised his voice with weeping, (S, K,) and cried out; (K;) or wept, and cried out; عَلَيْهِ for him: (Sh, O, Msb:) and an instance occurs, in a verse of 'Obeyd-Allah Ibn-'Abd-Allah Ibn-'Otbeh, cited by Th, of اعول trans. by itself, عَلَى

being suppressed. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] one says also, أَعْوَلَتِ القَوْسُ (assumed tropical:) The bow produced a sound: (S, M, O, K, TA:) in some lexicons, as in the L, erroneously, الفَرَسُ. (TA.) A6: And اعال and أَعْوَلَ (Az, O, K, and S in art. مُعْوِلٌ) and مُعْيِلٌ (K) signify He (a man, K) desired vehemently, eagerly, greedily, very greedily, or with avidity; or did so excessively, or culpably; or coveted; (Az, S, O, K;) part. ns. ↓ مُعْوِلٌ and ↓ مُعْيِلٌ. (TA.) 8 اِعْتَوَلَ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عَالٌ a word occurring in the saying مَا لَهُ عَالٌ وَلَا مَالٌ, which means He has not anything belonging to him. (K.) عَوْلٌ: see عَوِيلٌ. b2: عَوْلَ is a word like وَيْبَ: one says, عَوْلَكَ and عَوْلَ زَيْدٍ [i. e. May God decree thy woe and the woe of Zeyd, virtually meaning woe to thee and woe to Zeyd]: (S, O, K:) and عَوْلٌ لِزَيْدٍ [lit. meaning Woe to Zeyd]: (S, O:) or, accord. to Sb and others, عَوْلَ is used only as a sequent to وَيْلَ; they said وَيْلَهُ وَعَوْلَهُ; in which, Az says, ويل and عول both signify weeping, or lamentation with tears; and Aboo-Tálib says that they are put in the accus. case as expressive of an imprecation and of blame, like as is done in the sayings وَيْلًا لَهُ and تُرَابًا لَهُ. (TA.) A2: Also Any affair, or event, that renders one anxious: (K, * TA:) app. an inf. n. used thus as a subst. (TA.) A3: And One whose aid is asked (K, TA) in affairs of difficulty or importance. (TA. [See also مُعَوَّلٌ.]) A4: And The food of a family or household. (K.) عَوَلٌ: see the next paragraph.

عِوَلٌ is [said to be] a subst. signifying Reliance, and confidence: (S, * K, TA:) and [it is said that]

هُوَ عِوَلِى signifies He is my stay, or support: the word, however, occurs in this form, twice, in a verse of Taäbata-sharrà, accord. to the relation thereof by Aboo-'Ikrimeh; but accord. to others it is ↓ عَوَلٌ, with fet-h to the ع and و, and is said to be an inf. n.; whereas the former is said to be pl. of ↓ عَوْلَةٌ; [and the two words signify, respectively, a weeping and weepings; for] by his saying لٰكِنَّمَا عَِوَلِى إِنْ عَِوَلٍ the poet means If I wept for any one, I would weep &c. (TA.) b2: And عِوَلٌ is also a subst. signifying An asking for aid. (K, TA.) عَالَةٌ A ظُلَّة [or covering], (K,) or a thing like a ظُلَّة, (S, O,) used as a shelter from the rain, (S, O, K,) constructed with cuttings of trees [in a manner described above: see 2, last sentence]. (TA.) b2: And i. q. نَعَامَةٌ, (Kr, K,) either as meaning The species of animal thus called [i. e. an ostrich], or as meaning a ظُلَّة, for thus نَعَامَةٌ also signifies. (TA.) A2: [As a pl.: see عِيَالٌ.]

A3: See also art. عيل.

عَوْلَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places: and see also عِوَلٌ.

عَوِيلٌ A wailing; i. e. a raising of the voice with weeping; as also ↓ عَوْلٌ and ↓ عَوْلَةٌ: (S, O, K:) or a weeping and crying out: (Msb:) and sometimes it signifies a cry, or voice, from the chest, without weeping: (O, TA:) and sometimes ↓ عَوْلَةٌ signifies the burning sensation of grief and of love, without a raising of the voice and without weeping. (TA.) [See also عَوَّالٌ.]

A2: Also Weak: b2: and hence it is used as a name for One of the ropes of a ship or boat. (TA.) عِيَالٌ, belonging to this art. and to art. عيل; (K, mentioned in the S and O in the latter art.;) or its ى is substituted for و, for it is from عَالَ, aor. ـُ in the first of the senses expl. above, and seems to be an inf. n. used in the sense of a pass. part. n.; (IB, TA;) [and if so, it may be used as a sing. (as it is in the Ksh and by Bd in xvi. 78 and in the S and Mgh &c. voce كَلٌّ and in the O and K voce حَمِيلَةٌ) and also as a pl.; but in general] it signifies A family, or household; (Msb;) [i. e.,] a man's عِيَال are the persons whom he feeds, nourishes, or sustains; (S, O, Msb, K;) or the persons who dwell with him, and whose expenses are incumbent on him, as his young man, or slave, his wife, and his young child: (KT:) and ↓ عَيِّلٌ signifies the same: (K:) or this latter (which is originally عَيْوِلٌ, TA) is sing. of عِيَالٌ x(S, Mgh, O, Msb) and of عَيَائِلُ, (S, O,) like as جَيِّدٌ is sing. of جِيَادٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb) and of جَيَائِدُ; (S, O;) the last being a pl. pl., (K in art. عيل,) [as also عِيَالَاتٌ, of which see an ex. voce

أزْمَلٌ;] but is sometimes used as a pl., for عَشَرَةُ عَيِّلٍ, accord. to an ex. in a trad., signifies ten persons fed, nourished, or sustained, by a man: (TA:) or the pl. [of ↓ عَيِّلٌ] is عَالَةٌ, (Kr, K,) [like as سَادَةٌ is said to be pl. of سَيِّدٌ,] or, accord. to ISd, it is pl. of عَائِلٌ, [q. v. in art. عيل, and in like manner سَادَةٌ is held by him to be pl. of سَائِدٌ, not of سَيِّدٌ,] for [he says that] a word of the measure فَيْعِلٌ never forms a pl. [like عَالَةٌ, which is] of the measure فَعَلَةٌ; (TA;) and [عَيَائِلُ is applied to women, for] one says نِسْوَةٌ عَيَائِلُ. (K.) العِيَالُ [as meaning (assumed tropical:) The dependants for sustenance] is also used, metaphorically, in relation to birds, and to predaceous and other beasts. (TA.) And أُمُّ العِيَالِ is a name for (assumed tropical:) The cooking-pot. (T in art. ام.) عَوَالَةٌ Want: and intrusion at feasts, uninvited. (TA.) عَوَّالٌ A weeping: an inf. n. [or rather a quasiinf. n.] of عَوَّلَ: pl. عَوَاوِيلُ, and by poetic license عَوَاوِلُ. (TA.) [See also عَوِيلٌ.]

عَائِلٌ [act. part. n. of عَالَ]. b2: One says أَمْرٌ عَائِلٌ and عَالٍ, the latter being formed by transposition, meaning [An affair, or event,] hard to be borne, severe, or distressing, and great, or formidable. (TA.) b3: عَائِلٌ applied to a measure of capacity means Exceeding others. (IAar, TA in art. عيل.) عَيِّلٌ: see عِيَالٌ, in two places.

أَعْوَلُ i. q. أَشَدُّ [More, and most, hard to be borne, &c.]: and أَعْلَى, occurring in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, signifies the same, being formed from أَعْوَلُ by transposition. (TA.) مَعُولٌ [Fed, nourished, or sustained: &c.

A2: And] Overcome: applied in this sense to patience: (K:) and to a man, in respect of his opinion, or judgment. (TA.) مُعْوَلٌ, followed by عَلَيْهِ, Wailed for: thus in the trad., المُعْوَلُ عَلَيْهِ يُعَذَّبُ, (S, O,) or, as some relate it, ↓ المُعَوَّلُ; i. e. He (of the dead) who is wailed for will be punished. (O.) مُعْوِلٌ: see 2: A2: and see also 4, last sentence.

مِعْوَلٌ [A pickaxe, or stone-cutter's pick; (so in the present day;)] the iron implement, (K,) a large فَأْس, (S, O, Msb,) with which are pecked, or hollowed out, (S, O, K,) rocks, or great masses of stone, (S, O,) or mountains: (K:) pl. مَعَاوِلُ. (S, O.) [See also صَاقُورٌ.]

مُعْيِلٌ A man having a family, or household, whom he has to feed; [or, accord. to an explanation of its verb, having a numerous family or household;] as also ↓ مُعَيَّلٌ, like مُحَمَّدٌ [in measure]: (TA: [see also art. عيل:]) or ↓ مُعَيَّلٌ signifies one whose property is deficient and whose family, or household, have overcome him. (TA in art. خلع.) A2: See also 4, last sentence.

مُعَوَّلٌ One of whom aid, or succour, is asked: (S, O, TA:) and one upon whom reliance, or confidence is placed. (TA.) One says, مَا لَهُ فِى القَوْمِ مِنْ مُعَوَّلٍ He has not, among the people, or party, any of whom aid is [to be] asked. (S, O.) [See also عَوْلٌ.]

A2: It is also an inf. n. of عَوَّلَ. (Th. K. TA.) See that verb, in three places.

A3: Also A place of weeping [or of wailing]: so, accord. to some, in the verse cited in the second paragraph [q. v.]. (O.) A4: See also مُعْوَلٌ.

مُعَيَّلٌ: see مُعْيِلٌ, in two places.

مُعَيِّلٌ A constructor of the sort of shelter from the rain called عَالَة. (Skr, S, O.)

برز: برز: يقال في الحديث عن أهل مدينة ما: برزوا لدخول فلان، أو: برزوا للقاء فلان، أي خرجوا في احتفال للقاء أميــر أو أي شخص ذي مكانة. ففي ابن بسام (2: 3و) وقد برز الناس لدخول الراضي (وكانوا ينتظرون وصوله إلى قرطبة). (ابن بطوطة 1: 19، 2: 67).
وبَرَز وحدها تدل على نفس المعنى (المقري 3: 48، ملر 25، 32) ويجب ان يقال: برز الى، غير أنا نجد عند كرتاس (ص155) حيث يخلط في الغالب بين حرفي الجر إلى وعلى: برز عليه أهل البلد، وهذا الخروج للقاء يسمى ((بَرْز)) (كرتاس 223) غير أن الاسم المألوف هو (بروز) (ابن جبير 238، ملر 40، تاريخ البربر 2: 263، ابن بطوطة 4: 290 كرتاس 252).
وبرز: خرج في موكب واحتفال، (فوك) وفي المقري (1: 376): البروز إلى الاستسقاء بالناس، ويقال في نفس المعنى: برز إلى الله (وأصل المعنى: حضر أمام الله) (المقري 1: 14).
يوم البروز: يوم خروج السلطان في موكب واحتفال. ففي كتاب محمد بن الحارث ص210: كان المنذر بن محمد رحه شديد الإعظام لبَقي بن مَخْلد دخل عليه يوم البروز في المصلا فمنعه من تقبيل يده .. الخ. - وبرز الجند: عرضوا وساروا في رتل أمام الــأميــر أو القائد. ففي الحلل الموشية ص 58و: فميزوا وبرزوا وعجبت الناس من كثرة عددهم (كرتاس 238)، وفيه (ص241): برزوا بها عليها، أي أن الجنود عرضوا مع أسراهم في المدينة. وكذلك معناها في عرض السفن البحرية (كرتاس 243) ومن هنا كان معنى البروز: العرض (كرتاس 238، المقري 1: 230) قارن هذا بما سنذكره في مادة ((بروز)).
وبرز: خرج من الصف ودعا عدوه إلى القتال، ففي مباحث (2: 65): طلب للبرز: طلب من يخرج إليه للقتال (بوشر).
وبرز له: خرج لقتاله (بوشر، ألف ليلة 3: 331) - وبرز الفرخ: فقس خرج من القيض أي قشر البيضة (بوشر) - وبرز الماء: تفجر وتدفق (بوشر) - وبرز على: أشرف على؛ ففي كرتاس (241، 252): برز على شريش وقاتلها. أي أشرف على مدينة شريش وظهر أمامها. وجاءت هذه الكلمة في المقري (1: 273) بمعنى يختلف قليلا، ولكنه في الحقيقة نفس المعنى، قال في كلامه عن مختلس: فلما ضم إلى الحساب أُبْرِز عليه 3 آلاف دينار - وبرز الإقرار بما برز عليه. (ومعنى عليه هنا: ضده، وفي مضرته).
وبرز: خرج عن مستوى الحائط كالإفريز، ونتأ، وارتفع وتقبب (بوشر) ويقال مثلاً بارزة الهند (ألف ليلة 1: 57)، والصبي الذي تبرز مقعدته: (ابن البيطار 1: 172) وهو المصاب بمرض الانسدال في مؤخرته.
وبرز: زين، يقال برزت الماشطة العروس (محيط المحيط).
برّز (بالتضعيف) يقال: برز الفرس على الخيل سبقها. ولا يقال برّز على فقط (بدرون 121) بل برز عن أيضاً (بدرون ص3، هذا إذا كانت كتابة المخطوطة صحيحة، غير أني أميــل إلى أن أبدل عن بعلى حيثما وردت فيه. (وفي معجم بدرون عليك أن تقرأ برّز (بالتضعيف بدل برز).
والمعنى الذي ذكره لين على إنه عامي معتمداً على تاج العروس وهو عزم على السفر أو بالأحرى سار على الدرب (الفخري 275، فريتاج لكم 52 حيث يجب أن يقرأ برَز) هو المعنى الذي يمكن ان تفسر به العبارتان اللتان ذكرتهما في رسالتي إلى فليشر ص152) غير أن من المشكوك فيه أن يكون معنى هذا الفعل: حمله على السفر. (نفس المصدر ص151)، ومع ذلك فان هذا المعنى قد يقتضيه القياس.
ويستعمل برّز بمعنى برز أي خرج في موكب للقاء أميــر أو شخص ذي مكانة (ملر 17، 24، 25 حيث كلمة تبريز تدل على نفس معنى بروز). وفي مخطوطة كوبنهاجن المجهولة الهوية ص6 (في كلامه عن أسرى باجة وقد نقلوا إلى قلبيرة): فعمل (ابن الرنك النصراني) تبريز عظيم (صوابه تبريزاً عظيماً). وفي ص8 (وبعد النصر): رجع العسكر إلى اشبيلية بالتبريز إليهم والعلامات والطبول، وفي ص12: دخل اشبيلية في تبريز وحفل عظيم. وفي كرتاس ص202 في كلامه عن سلطان سار إلى مدينة بموكب وحفل عظيم: سار أميــر المسلمين إلى مراكش فنزل بجبل جليز ثم زحف إليها وبرز إليها أحسن تبريز وصف جيوشه، وفي ص8: فوقف المنصور بجليز مبرزاً بأحسن التبريز.
بارز: خرج من الصف ودعا للقتال، وهو مبارز (بحوث 2: 65، 66) وما ذكرته فيها يتفق كل الاتفاق مع ما ذكره برتون (1: 290): المبارز هو المقاتل الفارس والبطل العربي المعروف في عصور الفروسية، وتطلق هذه الكلمة على الكلب الشجاع (نفس المصدر).
مبارزة، مصدر بارز: مقاتلة بين اثنين (الكالا، همبرت 243، بوشر، وبراز أيضاً)
أبرز: أظهر (فوك) وأعلن. ففي النويري (مخطوطة 273 ص138) في كلامه عن الحب: أبرزته الألسن، أي أظهرته وأعلنته (راجع المقري 1: 273 في مادة بَرَز) - وافتتح مستشفى للناس (ابن جبير 48) وفتح أبواب مطبخه للناس (معجم البلاذري) ومن هنا قيل للحمام إنه: مبرز للناس، أي عام يستطيع كل أحد دخوله (معجم الإدريسي، غير أن الكلمة مشتقة من أبرز وليس من بَرَّز)، المقري 1: 355).
وأبرز لهم نفسه: أظهرها لهم وأبانها (معجم البيان). وفي الأخبار ص13 في هذا الموضع: اسمه بدل نفسه.
وأبرزت له خدها: قدمته إليه ليقبله (عباد 1: 45) - وأبرز الأموال للناس: أعطى الناس الكثير منها (كرتاس 73) - وأبرز فلاناً: مازه عن غيره وفضله احتراماً له. ففي الأخبار ص49: وقد أبرزناك أن تقتل بالسيف: أي فضلناك وشرفناك بأن تقتل بالسيف (لا بطريقة شائنة كما هلك غيرك).
تبرز وانبرز: أظهر نفسه، وأبان ذاته (فوك).
بَرْز: انظره في بَرَز.
بَرْزَة: هي عند البدو خيمة صغيرة يقضي فيها العروسان أول ليلة (زيشر 22: 105 رقم 44).
وبرزة العروس: ما تنقش به (محيط المحيط).
بِراز وبرازة وبيت البراز وبيت البرازة: الكنيف (باين سميث 1442).
بُروز الجند: عرضهم (انظره في مادة برز) غير أن هذا المعنى قد تغير فأصبحت كلمة بروز تعني كوكبة من الفرسان أو فوجاً من الجند في لباس الحفلات وقد اصطفوا صفين للعرض. (كرتاس 156). ويقال في الحديث عن الــأميــر يأمر بعرض الجند: جعل بروزاً (كرتاس 156) أو صنع بروزاً (كرتاس 64). ومع هذا فإن كلمة بروز تدل أيضاً على خروج الناس محتفلين لاستقبال أميــر (كرتاس 156 وراجع المعنى مادة برز) - وميدان ألعاب الفروسية (الكالا وهو فيه = شابر).
وبروز دم: نزول دم، ظهور دم (بوشر).
وموضع البروز من الزهر: وزيم (طرف عضو التأنيث من الزهر حيث يكون البزر) (بوشر).
برازيّ: غائطي (نسبة إلى البراز) (بوشر).
برّاز: من أعتاد المبارزة، من امتهن المبارزة، ويسمى بالأسبانية: Campeador ( بحوث 2: 66) - ومن يكثر من الظهور (فوك).
بارز: ناتئ (بوشر).
مبرز: يطلق في قوص من مدن مصر على موضع فسيح الساحة ظاهر البلد، محدق بالنخيل يشد فيه الحاج أمتعتهم والتجار بضاعتهم ويزنونها (ابن جبير 62).
مُبَرَّز: فائق. ذكرها فريتاج وهو خطأ والصواب مُبَرَّز (ميرسنج 90).
مبروز = مبرز: ظاهر للعيان، منشور (كوزج، مختار 75).
مُتَبَرّز: براز وهو الفضاء الواسع الخالي يقضي فيه الإنسان حاجته (معجم البلاذري)

برز

1 بَرَزَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, TA,) inf. n. بُرُوزٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) He (a man, S) went, or came, or passed, out, or forth; he issued. (S, A.) He (a man, TA) went, or came, or passed, out, or forth, into the field, plain, or open tract or country: (K:) or did so to satisfy a want of nature: (TS, TA:) as also, in the former sense, (K,) or in the latter, (S,) ↓ تبرّز; (S, K, TA;) and بَرِزَ; (Sgh, TA;) and so, in the former sense, ↓ برّز inf. n. تَبْرِيزٌ; (Har p. 510;) [and in the latter sense, ↓ بارز accord. to an explanation of its part. n. مُبَارِزٌ in Har p. 566:] or ↓ تبرّز signifies he voided his excrement, or ordure. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, بَرَزَإِلَى القِرْنِ فِى الحَرْبِ He went, or came, out, or forth, into the field to his adversary in battle or war. (TA.) b2: He, or it, (a man, TA, or thing, Msb, or anything, Fr,) appeared, or became apparent, (Fr, Sgh, Msb, K,) after concealment, (Fr, K,) or after obscurity; (Sgh;) as also بَرِزَ (Sgh, K.) b3: [It was, or became, prominent, or projecting: often used in this sense.]

A2: بَرُزَ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. بَرَازَةٌ, (Msb,) He (a man) was, or became, such as is termed بَرْزٌ q. v.: (Msb, K:) and in like manner, بَرُزَتْ, inf. n. as above, she (a woman) was, or became, such as is termed بَرْزَةٌ (A.) 2 برّزهُ, (inf. n. تَبْرِيزٌ, S, K,) He made it apparent, manifest, plain, or evident; he showed, or manifested, it; (S, A, K;) namely, a writing, or book, (A,) or other thing; (S, A;) as also ↓ ابرزهُ: (A, Msb:) or الكِتَابَ ↓ ابرز signifies he put forth, or produced, the writing, or book; syn. أَخْرَجَهُ: (TA:) and [as it often signifies in the present day,] published, it; syn. نَشَرَهُ. (K, TA.) [See also 4 below.] It is said in the Kur [xxvi. 91 and lxxix. 36], وَ بُرِّزَتِ الجَحِيمُ, meaning And Hell shall be uncovered. (A.) b2: برّز رَاكِبَهُ He (a horse) saved his rider. (K.) A2: See also 1. b2: [Hence,] برّز الفَرَسُ, (S, Msb,) or برّز عَلَى

الخَيْلِ, (K,) inf. n. تَبْرِيزٌ, (Msb,) The horse outstripped (S, Msb, K) the [other] horses (Msb, K) in the race-ground: (Msb:) it is said of a horse that outstrips in a race: and, accord. to some, the like is said of whatever outstrips: (TA:) and برّز عَلَى الغَايَةِ [He (a horse) passed beyond the goal]. (A.) b3: Hence, برّز فِى العِلْمِ, inf. n. as above, He surpassed, or excelled, his fellows in knowledge. (Msb.) And [simply] برّز He surpassed his companions (S, K) in excellence, or in courage. (K.) And برّز عَلَى أَقْرَانِهِ [He surpassed, or excelled, his fellows, or his opponents]. (A.) A3: See also 4, last signification.3 بارزهُ فِى الحَرْبِ, (A, Msb,* K*) inf. n. مُبَارَزَةٌ and بِرَازٌ (S, A, Msb, K,) He went, or came, out, or forth, in the field, to [encounter] him (i. e. his adversary) in battle, or war. (K,* TA.) A2: See also 1.4 ابرزهُ He made, or caused, him (a man) to go, or come, or pass, out, or forth: (S:) [or to go, or come, or pass, out, or forth, into the field, plain, or open tract or country: (see 1:)] and he made, or caused, it (a thing) to go, or come, or pass, out, or forth; or he put it, or took it, or drew it, out, or forth; syn. أَخْرَجَهُ; as also ↓ استبرزهُ. (K.) See also 2, in two places.

A2: ابرز He determined, resolved, or decided, upon journeying: (IAar, K:) the vulgar say ↓ برّز (TA.) 5 تَبَرَّزَ see 1, in two places.6 هُمَا يَتَبَارَزَانِ They two (meaning two adversaries) go, or come, out, or forth, into the field, each to [encounter] the other, in battle or war. (K,* TA.) b2: تبارزا They both separated themselves, each from his company, and betook themselves each to the other. (K.) 10 إِسْتَبْرَزَ see 4.

بَرْزٌ A man characterized by pleasing or goodly aspect, and by intelligence: fem. with ة: (S, TA:) or a man of open condition or state: (TA:) or pure in disposition; (TA;) abstaining from what is unlawful and indecorous; (S, A, Msb:) of great dignity or estimation: (Msb:) fem. with ة: (A, Msb:) pl. fem. بَرْزَاتٌ: (A:) or, as also ↓ بَرْزِىٌّ a man who abstains from what is unlawful and indecorous, and in whose intelligence, (K,) or, as in some copies of the K, in whose excellence, بِفَضْلِهِ, but this is app. a mistranscription, or, as some say, in whose abstinence from what is unlawful and indecorous, (TA,) and his judgment, confidence is placed: (K:) and بَرْزَةٌ a woman whose good qualities or actions, or whose beauties, are apparent: (K:) or open in her converse; syn. مُتَاجِرَةٌ: or, as in some correct lexicons, disdainful of mean things; syn. مُتَجَالَّةٌ: or of middle age, (كَهْلَةٌ,) who is not veiled or concealed like young women: (TA:) or of great dignity or estimation: (AO, TA:) or who goes or comes forth to people, and with whom they sit, and of whom they talk, and who abstains from what is unlawful and indecorous, and is intelligent: (TA:) or who abstains from what is unlawful and indecorous, and goes or comes forth to men, and talks with them, and is advanced in age beyond those women who are kept concealed: (Mgh, Msb:) or open in her converse, (مُتَجَاهِرَةٌ,) of middle age, (كَهْلَةٌ,) of great dignity or estimation, who goes or comes forth to people, and with whom they sit and talk, and who abstains from what is unlawful and indecorous: (K:) or in whose judgment, and her abstaining from what is unlawful and indecorous, confidence is placed: (TA:) or who does not veil her face from a man and bend her head down towards the ground. (IAar, on the authority of Ibn-EzZubeyr.) بَرْزِىٌّ: see بَرْزٌ بَرَازٌ A field, plain, or wide expanse of land, (S, Msb, K,) without trees; (Msb;) as also ↓ بِرَازٌ; but this latter form is rare: (Msb:) or an open tract of land destitute of herbage and trees and without hills or mountains: (Mgh, Msb:) or a place in which is no covert of trees or other things: (Fr, S:) an open place in which is no covert of trees or other things: (Fr, S:) an open place in which is no covert. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] خَرَجَ إِلَى البَرَازِ (tropical:) He went forth to satisfy a want of nature. (A.) And إِذَا أَرَادَ البَرَازَ أَبْعَدَ (tropical:) [When he desired to satisfy a want of nature, he went far off]: a trad.; respecting which El-Khattábee says that the relaters of traditions err respecting the word, pronouncing it with kesr, for ↓ بِرَازٌ is an inf. n.: but (SM says that) authorities differ as to this point. (TA.) b3: [It is further said,] بَرَازٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) or ↓ بِرَازٌ (S, K,) is metonymically applied to (tropical:) Excrement; human ordure; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) the feces of food. (S.) بِرَازٌ: see بَرَازٌ, in three places.

بَارِزٌ act. part. n. of بَرَزَ [q. v.]. b2: Wholly, or entirely, apparent or manifest. (TA.) b3: أَرْضٌ بَارِزَةٌ Land that is apparent, open, or uncovered, (Bd and Jel in xviii. 45, and TA,) upon which is no mountain nor any other thing, (Jel,) or that has no hill nor mountain nor sand. (TA.) إِبْرِزِىٌّ: see what next follows.

إِبْرِيزٌ (Sh, IAar, A, Msb, K) and ↓ إِبْرِزِىٌّ, (Sh, IAar, K,) the latter of which is incorrectly written in [some of] the copies of the K إِبْرِيزِىٌّ, (TA,) Pure gold: (Sh, Msb, K:) or an ornament of pure gold: (IAar:) the former an arabicized word [app. from the Greek ὄβρυζον, as also the latter]: (Msb:) of the measure إِفْعِيلٌ; the ء and ى being augmentative. (IJ.) مَبْرَزٌ [lit. A place to which one goes forth in the field, or plain, or open tract or country;] a privy, or place where one performs ablution; syn. مُتَوَضَّأْ; (S;) [as also ↓ مُتَبَرَّزٌ, occurring in the TA in art. جوز.]

كِتَابٌ مُبْرَزٌ, (K,) and ↓ مَبْرُوزٌ, (S, Msb, K,) A writing, or book, put forth, or published; syn. مَنْشُورٌ: (S, K:) or made apparent, shown, or manifested: (Msb:) ↓ the latter anomalous; (S, Msb;) being from أَبْرَزَ; (Msb;) and AHát disapproved it; and thought that it might be a mistake for مَزْبُورٌ, meaning “written;” but it [is said that it] occurs in two poems of Lebeed: (S:) in one of these instances, however, for المَبْرُوزُ, some read المُبْرَزُ; and Sgh says that he found not the other instance in the poems of Lebeed: IJ says that ↓ المَبْرُوزٌ is for المَبْرُوزٌ بِهِ. (TA.) You say, ↓ قَدْ أَعْطَوْهُ كِتَابًا مَبْرُوزًا They had given him a writing, or book, published; i. e., مَنْشُورًا. (TA.) مَبْرُوزٌ: see مُبْرَزٌ, throughout.

مُتَبَرَّزٌ: see مَبْرَزٌ.

فلن

فُلَانٌ is a substitute for the proper name of a human being, (S, Msb, * K, TA,) i. e. of a male; (S, TA;) and in like manner ↓ فُلَانَةُ, (Msb, K, TA,) for that of a female; (TA,) each without ال; (Msb:) [the former may be rendered Such a one, or Such a man; and the latter, Such a woman:] and الفُلَانُ and ↓ الفُلَانَةُ for other than a human being, (S, K, TA,) i. e. for a [particular] camel, (Lth, TA,) or for a [particular] beast, as in the saying, رَكِبْتُ الفُلَانَ [I rode such a beast, i. e. such a male beast], and ↓ حَلَبْتُ الفُلَانَةَ [I milked such a beast]: (Msb, TA:) فُلَانٌ has no dual nor pl.: (IB, TA:) [but] sometimes one says to a single person, mase., يَا فُلُ; and to two, يَا فُلَانِ; and to a pl. number, يَافُلُونَ: and in the fem., يَا فُلَةُ; &c.; (K: [see more in art. فل:]) accord. to Kh, فُلَانٌ is of the measure فُعَالٌ; and its dim. is ↓ فُلَيْنٌ: (TA:) or, as some say, it is of the measure فُلَانٌ, [originally فُلْوَانٌ,] with و rejected, therefore its dim. is ↓ فُلَيَّانٌ [originally فُلَيْوَانٌ]; (T, L, TA;) like as إنْسَانٌ is [said by some to be] إنْسِيَانٌ, of which the ى is rejected. and therefore its dim. is أُنيْسِيَانٌ. (T, L.) فُلِيْنٌ: see the preceding paragraph.

فُلَانَةُ, and الفُلَانَةُ: see فُلَانٌ, in three places.

فُلَانِىٌّ the rel. n. of فُلَانٌ: it is rendered indeterminate by the affix ى; and by means of the article اَلْ, it becomes determinate; therefore you say فُلَانٌ الفُلَانِىُّ [meaning Such a one, the person named in relation to such a one], (TA,) فُلَيَّانٌ: see فُلَانٌ, near the end.

(فلن) - في حديث أُسَامَة - رَضي الله عنه -: "في الوَالي الجَائِر يُلْقَى في النَّار، فتَندَلِقُ أَقتابُه، فيقال: أي فُلَ، أين مَا كنتَ تَصِفُ؟ " قال ابن الأَنبارِىِّ: أي فُلَ، معناها يا فُلان، فحذفت النُّون للتَّرخيم، ثم حُذِفَت الأَلِف لسكونها، وتُرِكت اللَّامُ مفتوحةً لِمجيئِها قَبلَ الألف، ويجوز ضَمُّها للنِّداء تَقدِيرًا أنها آخِرُ الاسْمِ، كما قال الشاعِرُ في ترخيم مَرْوان:

حرز: حرز، يحرز: يسوى، يساوي، له ثمن أو قيمة، يقال: كل شيء يحرز ثمنا أي كل شيء له ثمنه.
ويحرز: مُهم، ذو اهمية، خطير. ما تحرز (جاء بالتاء في موضعين مختلفين) أو هذا شيء ما يحرز: أي هذا شيء لا يذكر أو لا يعتد به.
شيء ما يحرز: شيء لا طائل فيه، سفاف، ترّهة (بوشر).
حَرَّز: (بالتشديد) حَصَّن المدينة (معجم البلاذري) أَحْرزَ: إن معناه صان وحفظ وادخر قد تغير لان هذا الفعل يستعمل أيضاً بمعنى حدَّق وحملق وأحدَّ النظر. ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 146): وأقام على ذلك أربع عشرة سنة وعيون الخطوب تحرزه والأيام تستجمع لحربه أي إن عيون الحروب تحدق فيه.
وأحرز: حاز، كسب، اكتسب، حصَّل على يقال مثلا أحرز نقودا وأحرز سلاحا مما كان في معسكر العدو بعد الانتصار عليه (مختارات من تاريخ العرب ص420) في البلد الذي انتصر على المدافعين عنه (معجم البلاذري) وفي قلائد القيان: أحرز من البلاغة مأحرز (انظر لين في مادة خَصَّل) وقد أورد هذا العلم اللغوي في آخر ما ذكره عن أحرز مثلا لا علاقة له باحرز ويجب أن يذكر مع الاسم حَرَز الذي لم يذكره لين وقد صحَّح هذا الخطأ في معجم البلاذري.
تحرَّز: يقال: تحرَّز على نفسه: احتاط لنفسه: تحفظ أخذ حذره (معجم أبو الفداء).
وتحرز: تحصَّن في موقعه، واعتصم به في خنادق. واتخذ من التدابير ما يمكنه من مقاومة العدو (معجم المتفرقات).
تحرزَّ في نقل النسخة: اعتنى بنقل النسخة وتأنق فيها (عبد الواحد ص 220).
انحرز: ذكرها فوك في مادة ( Custodire) .
احترز عنه: توقاه وتحاشاه. واحتراز: احتراس، تحفظ.
ومحترز: محترس، متحفظ (بوشر) حِرْز: عوذة تميمة. ولا تجمع على أَحْراز فقط (لين، فوك، كرتاس ص168) بل على حروز أيضاً (فوك، ألكالا، هلو، شيرب ديال ص107).
والعُوَذ أو التمائم: حسب ما ورد في رحلة إلى عوادة لا تعني العوذ والتمائم بل الاعماد الأسطوانية التي تحفظ فيها. وهذا خطا لان لهذه الاعماد أسماء أخرى ففي كوزج مختارات (ص73) مثلا: وكان مع ستي قَصَبَة فِضَّة فيها حرز كتبه الحكيم دِهْقَان.
وتربط الاحراز على كل ما يحبُّ، على الحيوانات والأشياء (هوست ص223، حيث يجب أن تبدل حرش بحرز) وبخاصة في أعناق الجياد (انظر جاكسون ص247، ريلي ص485) ومن هذا يذكر هوست (ص11) حرز بمعنى الزينة في عنق الفرس.
وضبطها بوشر حُرْز وجمعها حُرُوزَة ويكتبها دافيدسن (ص69) حٌرز أيضا: زينة من الجلد.
أعطيته هذا في حرز مثله، أي أعطيته هذا مقابل رهن شيء له نفس القيمة (بوشر).
حُرْز: انظر: حِرز أعلاه.
حَرَز: أساء فريتاج تفسيره فقال ما معناه: كل ما يُحَرز ومعناه كل ما يحصل عليه (معجم البلاذري) حيث تجد شرحا لشطر البيت الذي تمثَّل به أبو بكر والذي اصبح مثلاً وهو: وأحرز وابتغي النوافلا وقد شرحه لين غير انه ذكره بطريقة غير صحيحة في مادة أحرز. حرزة (حِرْزَة؟) تجمع على حرزات وحرز (حِرَز.؟) يقال في الكلام عن نبات: حرزة من ترابة: مدرة وهو المقدار من التراب الذي يلتصق بجذور النباتات حتى تزرع أو حين تقلع (ابن العوام 1: 170، 174، كررت فيها مرتين، 179، 184، 215، 250، 268) وربما كان لابد لنا أن نقرأ الجمع حرز الذي يعني كومة، وجثوة في تاريخ ابن خلكان (9: 31) الذي جاء فيه: عمد إلى خرز عظام اتخذها من الحجارة ونضدَّ بعضها إلى بعض في البحر المالح. وكلمة حرز هذه هي فيما يقول دي سلان (الترجمة 3: 486 رقم 16) هي التي وردت في جميع المخطوطات غير أنه يشك أن تكون صحيحة وأنا أرى نفس الرأي.
حِرازة: ( Custadia) في معجم فوك.
حَرَّاز: هو الذي يكتب الإحراز (فوك).
أحرزْ: اسم تفضيل، أكثر حصانة (كليلة ودمنة ص240) وقد صحَّحت في التعليقات النقدية (ص106).
وأحرز: هو الذي يحرز قصب السبق في السباق. ففي بسام (3: 99 و): أحرز كل ميدان.
محرزة: نغم موسيقي، صوت، مقام الأنغام والألحان (هوست ص258).
محروز: يقال: فرس محروز أي في حالة جيدة (دوماس حياة العرب ص184) وقد كتبها بالخاء خطأ بدلاً من الحاء.

حرز

1 حَرُزَ, aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. حَرَازَةٌ and حِرْزٌ, (TA,) It (a place, TA) was, or became, fortified, strong, or protected against attack. (K, TA.) A2: حَرِزَ, aor. ـَ He was very pious, or abstinent from unlawful things. (Sgh, K.) A3: حَرَزَهُ: see 4, in three places.2 حرّزهُ: see 4, in two places.4 احرزهُ, inf. n. إِحْرَازٌ, He kept, preserved, or guarded, it; he took care of it; (TA;) as also ↓ حَرَزَهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. حَرْزٌ; (TA;) or the latter is formed by substitution of a letter from حَرَسَهُ: (K:) or the former signifies he put it in a حِرْز [q. v.]; (Mgh, Msb;) and so ↓ the latter: (TA:) and the former, he preserved it from being taken. (TA.) You say, أَحْرَرَهُ فِى

وِعَائِهِ [He kept, or preserved, it in his, or its, receptacle]. (A.) And أَحْرَزْتُ المَتَاعَ I put the goods into the حِرْز. (Msb.) And أَنْفَسَكُمْ ↓ حَرِّزُوا Preserve ye, or guard ye, yourselves: (A:) [or do so strenuously; for it is said that] حرّزهُ, inf. n. تَحْرِيزٌ, signifies he took extraordinary pains in keeping, preserving, or guarding, it. (K.) You say also أَحْرَزَتْ فَرْجَهَا She (a woman, TA) guarded her pudendum; (K, TA;) as though she put it in an inaccessible حِرْز. (TA.) and احرز المَكَانُ الرَّجُلَ The place protected the man; afforded him refuge; as also ↓ حرّزهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَحْرِيزٌ. (TA.) b2: He made it firm, or strong. (KL.) [He fortified it, or protected it against attack: see حَرُزَ.] b3: He drew, collected, or gathered, it together; (Msb, TA;) as also ↓ حَرَزَهُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. حَرْزٌ. (TA.) Hence, (Msb,) أَحْرَزَ قَصَبَ السَّبْقِ He grasped, or clutched, the winning-canes; he got them for himself: (Msb:) (tropical:) he outstripped; outran; or won the race. (A, TA. See قَصَبٌ.) [Hence also,] أَحْرَزَ الأَجْرَ He took, received, or got possession of, the recompense, reward, hire, pay, or wages; syn. حَازَهُ. (K.) Whence the prov., أَحْرَزْتُ نَهْبِى وَ أَبْتَغِى

النَّوَافِلَ [I have gained my spoil, and I seek the superabundant gain]: originally said by Aboo-Bekr: he used to perform the prayer called الوتر in the beginning of the night, and to say these words; meaning, that he had performed his وِتْر, and was safe from its escaping his observance, and that he had gained his recompense for it; and if he awoke in the night, would perform the supererogatory prayers. (TA.) You say also, أَحْرَزَ الخَطَرَ [He won the bet]. (A in art. خطر.) 5 تحرّز مِنْهُ: see 8.8 احترز He prepared himself; he was, or became, in a state of preparation. (Msb in art. حذر.) b2: احترز مِنْهُ, and منه ↓ تحرّز, He guarded against it; was cautious of it; syn. تَوَقَّاهُ, (S,) or تَوَقَّى مِنْهُ, (K,) and تَحَفَّظَ مِنْهُ; (A, Msb;) namely, a thing; (S, Msb;) or an enemy: (A:) as though he put himself into a حِرْز to secure himself therefrom. (TA.) 10 اُسْتُحْرِزَ It was, or remained, [or was preserved,] in the [or in a] حِرْز [or place of custody, &c.]. (A.) حِرْزٌ A place that is fortified, strong, or protected against attack: (S, Mgh, K:) or a place in which a thing is kept, preserved, or guarded; a place of custody or protection: (Msb:) or a place or other thing that protects a man: or a place or other thing that is held in one's possession (حِيزَ), or to which one betakes himself for refuge or protection: (TA:) pl. أَحْرَازٌ. (Msb, TA.) You say, هُوَ فِى حِرْزٍ لَا يُوصَلُ إِلَيْهِ He is in a place of protection to which there is no access. (TA.) And هَتَكَ السَّارِقُ الحِرْزَ [The thief broke into the place of custody]. (A.) A2: [Hence,] An amulet, or a charm, bearing an inscription, which is hung upon a person to charm him against the evil eye &c.; syn. تَعْوِيذٌ, (S,) or عُوذَةٌ: (A, K:) pl. as above. (A.) A3: A share, or portion: pl. as above: you say, أَخَذَ حِرْزَهُ He took, or received, his share, or portion. (A, TA.) حَرِيزٌ A place fortified, strong, or protected against attack; (A, TA;) as also ↓ مُحْرَزٌ. (TA.) You say, حِرْزٌ حَرِيزٌ (S, Msb, TA) A strong fortified place: (TA:) the latter word is a corroborative. (Msb.) [See also حَارِزٌ. Hence,] لَا حَرِيزَ مِنْ بَيْعٍ [There is nothing kept from sale]: (A, TA:) a prov.; (TA;) meaning, if thou give me a price that I approve, I will sell to thee. (A, TA.) [Hence also,] حَرَائِزُ [a pl.] Camels that are not sold, because of their preciousness. (K.) And فُلَانٌ حَرِيزٌ مِنْ هٰذَا Such a one is a person who keeps aloof from, or shuns, this. (A.) b2: A recompense or the like, taken, received, or got possession of; as also ↓ مُحْرَزٌ. (TA.) حَارِزٌ occurs in a trad., in a form of prayer; اَللّٰهُمَّ اجْعَلْنَا فِى حِرْزٍ حَارِزٍ, meaning O God, place us in a protecting asylum. (TA.) مُحْرَزٌ: see حَرِيزٌ, in two places.

سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَلَامَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِسَلَامَتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with السَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيــرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الإِسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الإِسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from السَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ السَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الإِسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الإِسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِسَلَامَتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) السُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو السَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو السَّلَامَةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ السَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَةٌ [the most usual inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَى and سُلَامَيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلاميات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلاميات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (السَّلَامَة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الإِسْلَامُ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الإِسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِسْلَامِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِسْلَامِىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الإِسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الإِسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

(س ل م) : (سَلِمَ) مِنْ الْآفَاتِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ أَيْ خَلَصَتْ وَبِمَصْدَرِهِ سُمِّيَتْ (سَلَّامَةُ) بِنْتُ مَعْقِلٍ أَمَةُ الْحُتَاتِ بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ وَالتَّاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَتَيْنِ مِنْ فَوْقَ وَقِيلَ بِالْبَاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَةٍ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (وَبِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ) مِنْهُ سُمِّيَ سَالِمُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ (وَبِفَعَّالِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ وَأَبِي نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ (وَبِفَعْلَانَ مِنْهُ) سُمِّيَ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةِ (وَسَلْمَانُ) أَيْضًا حَيٌّ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ إلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ مِنْ التَّابِعِينَ وَالْمُحَدِّثُونَ عَلَى التَّحْرِيكِ وَأَنْكَرَهُ السِّيرَافِيُّ (وَأَمَّا سُلَيْمَانُ) فَأَعْجَمِيٌّ (وَالسَّلَمُ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْعِضَاهِ (وَبِوَاحِدَتِهِ) سُمِّيَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ (وَكُنِّيَ) أَبُو سَلَمَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ (وَقَوْلُهُ) السُّلَّمُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْبَيْعِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِكْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ يَعْنِي: الْمِعْرَاجَ وَهُوَ مَا يُعْرَجُ فِيهِ وَيُرْتَقَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ يُؤَنَّثُ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ يُقَالُ هِيَ السُّلَّمُ وَهُوَ السُّلَّمُ وَالْجَمْع السَّلَالِيمُ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - سُمِّيَ بِهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ يُسَلِّمُك إلَى حَيْثُ تُرِيدُ (وَأَسْلَمَ الثَّوْبَ) إلَى الْخَيَّاطِ وَأَسْلَمَ فِي الْبُرِّ أَسْلَفَ مِنْ السَّلَمِ وَأَصْلُهُ أَسْلَمَ الثَّمَنَ فِيهِ فَحُذِفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ (مِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ إذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِي لَبْدٍ أَوْ شَعْرًا فِي مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ وَسَلَّمَ إلَيْهِ وَدِيعَتَهُ تَسْلِيمًا (وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ) لَا يَتِمُّ الرَّهْنُ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّاهِنُ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجَ مَنْ الدَّارِ سَلَّمْتُكَهَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الْجَارِّ فَسَهْوٌ (وَالسَّلَامُ) اسْمٌ مِنْ التَّسْلِيمِ كَالْكَلَامِ مِنْ التَّكْلِيمِ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَكَذَا سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ عَنْ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ أَبُو زَيْنَبَ وَكَانَ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَيُنْشَدُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ
سَقَانِي فَرَوَانِي كُمَيْتًا مُدَامَةً ... عَلَى ظَمَإٍ مِنِّي سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمِ
وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ تَنَاوَلَهُ بِالْيَدِ أَوْ بِالْقُبْلَةِ أَوْ مَسَحَهُ بِالْكَفِّ مِنْ السَّلِمَةِ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَهِيَ الْحَجَرُ (وَبِهَا سُمِّيَ) بَنُو سَلِمَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ.

(سلم) - فيَ الحديث: "ما من آدمي إلا ومَعَه شيطان. قيل: ومَعَك؟
قال: نعم، ولكن الله تَعَالى أَعانَني عليه، فأَسْلَمُ"
وفي رواية: "حتَّى أَسْلَم".
: أي انْقادَ وكَفَّ عن وَسْوَسَتِى. وقيل: دَخَل في الإسْلام، فسَلِمتُ من شَرِّه.