رجل

1 رَجِلَ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. رَجَلٌ (T, S, M, Msb) and رُجْلَةٌ, (T, TA,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) He (a man) went on foot, in a journey, by himself, [i. e.] having no beast whereon to ride; (T, TA;) he had no beast whereon to ride, (M, K, TA,) in a journey, so went on his feet: (TA:) or he remained going on foot: so says Az; and Ks says the like: (S:) or he was, or became, strong to walk, or go on foot: (Msb:) and ↓ ترجّل [in like manner] signifies he went on foot, (S, K, TA,) having alighted from his beast: (TA:) [used in the present day as meaning he alighted from his beast:] and ↓ ترجُلوا they alighted [upon their feet, or dismounted,] in war, or battle, to fight: and ↓ ارتجل he (a man) went on his legs, or feet, for the purpose of accomplishing the object of his want. (TA.) b2: رَجِلَ, (M, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) [inf. n. رَجَلٌ, being similar to رَكِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَكَبٌ,] also signifies He (a man) was, or became, large in the رِجْل [i. e. leg, or foot]. (M, K: but omitted in some copies of the K.) b3: And رُجِلَ, like عُنِىَ; and رَجِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. [of the former] رِجْلَةٌ and [of the latter]

رِجْلٌ; [so in the CK; but accord. to the rule of the K they should be رَجْلَةٌ and رَجْلٌ, as neither is expressly said to be with kesr; or the latter may be correctly رِجْلٌ, as رَجِلَ is said to be like عَلِمَ, of which the inf. n. is عِلْمٌ;] He had a complaint of his رِجْل [i. e. leg, or foot]: (CK; but omitted in other copies: both mentioned in the TA:) the latter verb is mentioned in this sense by El-Fárisee, and also on the authority of Kr. (TA.) b4: And رَجِلَ مِنْ رِجْلِهِ He was, or became, affected in his leg, or foot, by something that he disliked. (TA.) b5: And رَجِلَ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. رَجَلٌ, (TA,) He (a beast, such as a horse or the like,) had a whiteness in one of his رِجْلَانِ [i. e. hind legs or feet], (K, TA,) without a whiteness in any other part. (TA.) A2: رَجِلَ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. رَجَلٌ, (Msb, TA,) is also said of hair, (Msb, K,) meaning It was, or became, [wavy, or somewhat curly, i. e.] of a quality between lankness and crispness or curliness, (K,) or neither very crisp or curly, nor very lank, but between these two. (Msb, TA.) A3: رَجَلَهُ, (CK, TA, omitted in some copies of the K,) [aor. ـُ as in similar verbs,] inf. n. رَجْلٌ, (TA,) He, or it, hit, or hurt, his رِجْلِ [i. e. leg, or foot]. (CK, TA.) b2: رَجَلَ الشَّاةَ, (S, K,) or, accord. to the O and the Mufradát, رَجَلَ الشَّاةَ بِرِجْلِهَا, (TA,) and ↓ ارتجلها, (K,) He suspended the sheep, or goat, by its hind leg or foot: (S, O, K:) or the meaning is عَقَلَهَا بِرِجْلَيْهِ [app. he confined its shank and arm together with his feet, by pressing his feet upon its folded fore legs while it was lying on the ground], (K,) or, as in the M, بِرجْلِهِ [with his foot]. (TA.) b3: رَجَلَتْ وَلَدَهَا, (K,) inf. n. رَجْلٌ; in the copies of the M written ↓ رَجَّلَتْ, with teshdeed; (TA;) She (a woman) brought forth her child preposterously, so that its legs came forth before its head. (K.) A4: رَجَلَهَا, namely, the mother of a young camel, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. رَجْلٌ, (TA,) He sent the young one with her [to suck her whenever he would; as is implied by what immediately precedes]; as also ↓ أَرْجَلَهَا: (K:) or الفَصِيلَ ↓ أَرْجَلْتُ (so in two copies of the S and in the O) I left the young camel with his mother to such her whenever he pleased: (S, * O: [in one of my copies of the S رَجَلْتُ, which appears from what here follows to be a mistake:]) so says ISk: and he cites as an ex., حَتَّى فُطِمَا ↓ مُسَرْهَدٌ أُرْجِلَ [Fat, and well nourished: he was left with his mother to such her when he pleased until he was weaned]. (O.) [See also رَجَلٌ, below; where it is explained as though a quasi-inf. n. of أَرْجَلْتُ in the sense here assigned to it in the S and O, or inf. n. of رَجَلْتُ in the same sense.] b2: And رَجَلَ

أُمَّهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. رَجْلٌ, (S,) He (a young camel, S, or a lamb, or kid, or calf, K, TA) sucked his mother. (S, K.) b3: رَجَلٌ also signifies The act of [the stallion's] leaping the mare: (O, K, TA:) [i. e., as inf. n. of رَجَلَ; for] one says, بَاتَ الحِصَانُ يُرْجُلُ الخَيْلَ The stallion-horse passed the night leaping the mares. (TA; and so in the O, except that الخيل is there omitted.) b4: And رَجَلَ المَرْأَةَ He compressed the woman. (TA.) A5: [Golius says that رَجُلَ signifies Vir et virili animo fuit; as on the authority of J; and that رُجْلَةٌ is its inf. n.: but it seems that he found الرُّجْلَةُ incorrectly explained in a copy of the S as مَصْدَرُ رَجُلَ instead of مَصْدَرُ الرَّجُلِ: ISd expressly says that رُجْلَةٌ and its syns. (explained below) are of the number of those inf. ns. that have no verbs.]2 رَجَّلَتْ وَلَدَهَا [app. a mistranscription]: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: تَرْجِيلٌ [the inf. n.] signifies The making, or rendering, strong. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) A3: رجّل الشَّعَرَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَرْجِيلٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He made the hair to be [wavy, or somewhat curly, i. e.] not very crisp or curly, nor lank, (S,) or in a state between that of lankness and that of crispness or curliness: (K:) or he combed the hair; (Msb, TA;) either his own hair, [see 5,] or that of another: (Msb:) or he combed down the hair; i. e., let it down, or made it to hang down, by means of the comb: (Mgh:) Er-Rághib says, as though he made it to descend at the رِجْل [or foot], i. e. from its places of growth; but this requires consideration: (MF:) or he combed and anointed the hair: (TA voce عَسِبٌ:) or he washed and combed the hair. (Ham p. 356.) 4 ارجلهُ He made him to go on foot; (S, K, TA;) to alight from his beast. (TA.) A2: and He granted him some delay, or respite; let him alone, or left him, for a while. (S, K.) b2: أَرْجَلْتُ الحِصَانَ فِى الخَيْلِ I sent-the stallion-horse among the mares. (TA.) b3: See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph, in three places.5 تَرَجَّلَ see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: ترجّل فِى البِئْرِ, (S, Msb, K,) and ترجّل البِئْرَ, (K,) He descended into the well (S, Msb, K) [by means of his feet, or legs, alone, i. e.,] without his being let down, or lowered, or suspended [by means of a rope]. (S, Msb.) b3: ترجّل الزَّنْدَ, and ↓ ارتجلهُ, [or, more probably, ارتجل الزَّنْدَةَ, and ترجّلها, (see مُرْتَجِلٌ,)] He put the زند [or the زندة; (the former meaning the upper, and the latter the lower, of the two pieces of wood used for producing fire,)] beneath his feet: (M, K:) or ↓ ارتجل signifies he (a man come from a distant country) struck fire, and held the زَنْد [here app. meaning (as in many other instances) the زند properly so called and the زندة] with his hands and his feet, [i. e. the زند with his hands and the زندة with his feet,] because he was alone. (TA. [See مُرْتَجِلٌ.]) A2: [ترجّل He became a رَجُل, or man; he rose to manhood. (See an explanation of ترجّل النَّهَارُ, in what follows.) And] ترجّلت She (a woman, TA) became like a رَجُل [or man] (K, TA) in some of her qualities, or states, or predicaments. (TA.) b2: ترجّل النَّهَارُ i. q. اِرْتَفَعَ (tropical:) [i. e. The day became advanced, the sun being somewhat high]; (S, IAth, O, K, TA;) it being likened to the rising of a man from youth; (IAth, TA;) and so النهار ↓ ارتجل: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, the former means the sun went down from [or below] the walls; as though it alighted (كَأَنَّهَا تَرَجَّلَتْ [in a proper sense of this verb: see 1, first sentence]). (TA.) A3: and ترجّل He combed his own hair: (Msb:) or he combed down his own hair; i. e., let it down, or made it to hang down, by means of the comb: (Mgh:) or he anointed [or washed] and combed his own hair. (TA. [See 2.]) Hence, نَهَى

عَنِ التَّرَجُّلِ إِلَّا غِبًّا (Mgh, TA) He [Mohammad] forbade the anointing and combing of one's own hair except it be less frequent than every day. (TA.) 8 ارتجل: see 1, first sentence. b2: Said of a horse, (in his running, TA,) He mixed the pace termed العَنَق with that termed الهَمْلَجَة, (T, TA,) or the former pace with somewhat of the latter, and thus, (S,) he went those two paces alternately, (S, K,) somewhat of the former and somewhat of the latter. (S.) A2: He took a man by his رِجْل [i. e. leg, or foot]. (S, TA.) b2: ارتجل الشَّاةَ: see 1, in the middle of the paragraph. b3: ارتجل الرَّنْدَ [or الزَّنْدَةَ], and ارتجل alone in a similar sense: see 5, in two places.

A3: [He extemporized a speech or verses; spoke it or them extemporaneously, impromptu, or without premeditation;] he began an oration (a خُطْبَة), and poetry, without his having prepared it beforehand; (S;) he spoke a speech (Msb, K) without consideration or thought, (Msb,) or without his having prepared it; (K;) he recited it, or related it, standing, without forecast, consideration, thought, or meditation; so accord. to Er-Rághib [who seems to have held this to be the primary signification of the verb when relating to a speech or the like]; or without reiteration, and without pausing, halting, or hesitating. (TA.) and ارتجل الشَّىْءَ [He did, performed, or produced, the thing without premeditation, or previous preparation]. (TA in art. خرع.) [And ارتجل اسْمًا He coined a name.] b2: ارتجل بِرَأْيِهِ He was, or became, alone, or independent of others, with none to take part or share or participate with him, in his opinion, (Msb, K, TA,) without consulting any one respecting it, (Msb, TA,) and kept constantly, or perseveringly, to it. (Msb.) [Hence,] أَمْرُكَ مَا ارْتَجَلْتَ Thine affair [to which thou shouldst keep] is that respecting which thou art alone [&c.] in thine opinion. (K.) and اِرْتَجِلْ مَا ارْتَجَلْتَ مِنَ الأَمْرِ is explained in the T as meaning اِرْكَبْ مَا رَكِبْتَ مِنْهُ [i. e. Undertake thou what thou hast undertaken of the affair: but it may rather signify keep thou to what thou hast undertaken of the affair; agreeably with what here follows]. (TA.) One says also, ↓ اِرْتَجِلْ رَجْلَكَ Keep thou to thine affair: (IAar, M, K, TA:) in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, رَجَلَكَ. (TA.) A4: He collected a detached number (قِطْعَة [or رِجْل]) of locusts, to roast, or fry, them. (S.) A5: He set up a مِرْجَل [q. v.], to cook food in it: (T, TA:) or he cooked food in a مِرْجَل. (K.) A6: ارتجل النَّهَارُ: see 5.10 استرجل He desired, or requested, to be, or to go, on foot. (KL.) رَجْلٌ: see رَجُلٌ: b2: and رَاجِلٌ; the latter in two places.

A2: See also رَجِلٌ, in two places.

A3: اِرْتَجِلْ رَجْلَكَ, in some of the copies of the K, erroneously, رَجَلَكَ: see 8, near the end of the paragraph.

رِجْلٌ [The leg of a human being and of a bird, and the kind leg of a quadruped; in each of these senses opposed to يَدٌ;] the part from the root of the thigh to the [sole of] the foot of a man [and of any animal]; (Mgh, Msb, K:) رِجْلُ الإِنْسَانِ meaning that [limb] with which the man walks: (Msb:) or the foot of a man [and of a bird, and the kind foot of a quadruped: or rather it signifies thus in many instances; but generally as before explained: and sometimes, by a synecdoche, it is used in a yet larger sense, as will be explained below]: (K:) of the fem. gender: (Zj, Msb, TA:) pl. أَرْجُلٌ: (S, Msb, K, &c.:) it has no other pl. (Msb, TA) known to Sb; (TA;) the pl. of pauc. being also used as a pl. of mult. in this instance. (IJ, TA.) [Hence,] الرِّجْلُ جُبَارٌ [The hind leg or foot, or it may here mean the leg or foot absolutely, is a thing of which no account, or for which no retaliation or mulct, is taken]: i. e., if a beast tread upon a man with its رِجْل, there is no retaliation or mulct, if in motion; but if the beast be standing still in the road, or way, the rider is responsible, whether it strike with a يَد or a رِجْل. (TA.) And هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى رِجْلٍ [lit. He is standing upon a single leg; meaning] (assumed tropical:) he is setting about, or betaking himself to, an affair that presses severely, or heavily, upon him, or that straitens him. (T, K, TA. [In the CK, حَزَنَهُ is erroneously put for حَزَبَهُ.]) And أَنَا عَلَى رِجْلٍ (assumed tropical:) I am in fear, or fright, lest a thing should escape me. (TA.) b2: ذُو الرِّجْلِ [as though meaning The onelegged;] a certain idol, of El-Hijáz. (TA.) b3: رِجْلُ الجَبَّارِ (assumed tropical:) The very bright star [3, called by our astronomers “ Rigel,” and also called by the Arabs رِجْلُ الجَوْزَآءِ اليُسْرَى,] upon the left foot of Orion. (Kzw.) [And رِجْلُ الجَوْزَآءِ اليُمْنَى (assumed tropical:) The star k upon the right leg of Orion.] b4: رِجْلُ الغُرَابِ (assumed tropical:) A certain plant, (K,) called also رِجْلُ الرَّاغِ, the root, or lower part, of which, when cooked, is good for chronic diarrhœa; mentioned in art. غرب [q. v.]. (TA.) Also A certain mode of binding the udder of a camel, so that the young one cannot suck, therewith, nor will it undo: (S, K:) whence the phrase صَرَّ رِجْلَ الغُرَابِ, for صَرَّ صَرًّا مِثْلَ صَرِّرِجْلِ الغُرَابِ. (TA.) El-Kumeyt says, صَرَّ رِجْلَ الغُرَابِ مُلْكُكَ فِى النَّا سِ عَلَى مَنْ أَرَادَ فِيهِ الفُجُورَا (assumed tropical:) [Thy dominion among the people has bound with a bond not to be undone him who desires, within the scope of it, transgression]: (S, TA:) i. e. thy dominion has become firm so that it cannot be undone; like as what is termed رجل الغراب cannot be undone by the young camel. (TA.) And one says, صُرَّ عَلَيْهِ رِجْلُ الغُرَابِ, meaning (tropical:) The affair was, or became, difficult to him: (K and TA in art. غرب:) or his life, or subsistence, was, or became, difficult to him. (TA in that art.) b5: رِجْلُ الجَرَادِ (assumed tropical:) A certain plant, like البَقْلَةُ اليَمَانِيَّةُ [see art. بقل: accord. to Golius, the former appellation is applied to a species of atriplex, or orache]. (IAar, K.) b6: [And several other plants have similar appellations in the present day.] b7: رِجْلُ الطَّائِرِ (assumed tropical:) A certain مِيسَم [i. e. branding-instrument, or brand]. (S, K.) b8: رِجْلُ البَابِ (assumed tropical:) The foot, or heel, of the door, upon which it turns in a socket in the threshold. (MA.) b9: رِجْلُ القَوْسِ (assumed tropical:) The lower curved extremity of the bow; (Kh, S, K;) the upper curved extremity being called its يَد: (Kh, S:) or the part below its كَبِد [q. v.]: accord. to AHn, it is more complete, or perfect, than its يد: accord. to IAar, أَرْجُلُ القَوْسِ means, when the string is bound, or braced, the upper parts of the bow; and أَيْدِيهَا, its lower parts; and the former are stronger than the latter: and he cites the saying, لَيْتَ القِسىَّ كُلُّهَا مِنْ أَرْجُلِ [Would that the bows were all of them, or wholly, of what are termed أَرْجُل]: the two extremities of the bow, he says, are called its ظُفْرَانِ; and its two notches, its فُرْضَتَانِ; and its curved ends, its سِئَتَانش; and after the سئتان are the طَائِفَانِ; and after the طائفان, the أَبْهَرَانِ; and the portion between the ابهران is its كَبِد; this being between the two knots of the suspensory. (TA.) b10: رِجْلَا السَّهْمِ (assumed tropical:) The two extremities of the arrow. (K, * TA. [In the former it is implied that the phrase is رِجْلُ السَّهْمِ.]) b11: رِجْلُ بَحْرٍ (tropical:) A canal (خليج) of a بحر [or large river]. (Kr, K, TA.) b12: رِجْلٌ also signifies (tropical:) A part, or portion, of a thing: (K, TA:) of the fem. gender. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of 'Áïsheh, أَهْدَى لَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ رِجْلَ شَاةٍ مَشْوِيَّةٍ فَقَسَمْتُهَا إِلَّا كَتِفِهَا, meaning (tropical:) [Aboo-Bekr gave to us] the half of a roasted sheep, or goat, divided lengthwise [and I divided it into shares, except its shoulder-blade, or its shoulder]: she called the half thus by a synecdoche: (IAth, O, TA:) or she meant the leg (رجْل) thereof, with what was next to it [for مما يَلِيهَا in the O and TA, I read بِمَا يَلِيهَا] of the lateral half: or she thus alluded to the whole thereof, like as one does by the term رَأْس. (O, TA. [But see what here next follows.]) And in another trad., the رِجْل of a [wild] ass is mentioned as a gift, meaning (tropical:) One of the two lateral halves: or, as some say, the thigh: (TA:) and it is explained as meaning the whole; but this is a mistake. (Mgh.) b13: Also (assumed tropical:) The half of a رَاوِيَة [or pair of leathern bags, such as are borne by a camel, one on each side,] of wine, and of olive-oil. (AHn, K.) b14: It is also applied by some to (assumed tropical:) A pair of trousers or drawers; and رِجْلُ سَرَاوِيلَ occurs in this sense in a trad., for رِجْلَا سَرَاوِيلَ; like زَوْجُ خُفٍّ and زَوْجُ نَعْلٍ, whereas each is properly زَوْجَانِ; for the سراويل are of the articles of clothing for the two legs: (IAth, TA:) this is what is meant by the saying in the K [and in the O likewise] that الرِّجْلُ also signifies السَّرَاوِيلُ [app. for مِنَ السَّرَاوِيلِ الطَّاقُ]. (TA.) b15: Also (assumed tropical:) A swarm, or numerous assemblage, of locusts: (S:) or a detached number (قِطْعَةٌ) thereof: (K:) [or] one says [or says also] رِجْلُ جَرَادٍ, (S, TA,) and رِجْلٌ مِنْ جَرَادٍ: it is masc. and fem.: (TA:) a pl. without a proper sing.; like عَانَةٌ (a herd of [wild] asses, S) and خِيطٌ (a flock of ostriches, S) and صُِوَارٌ (a herd of [wild] bulls or cows, S): (S, K:) pl. أَرْجَالٌ; (K:) and so in the next two senses here following. (TA.) b16: And hence, as being likened thereto, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) An army: (K:) or a numerous army. (TA.) b17: Also (assumed tropical:) A share in a thing. (IAar, K.) So in the saying, لِى فِى

مَالِكَ رِجْلٌ (assumed tropical:) [To me belongs a share in thy property]. (TA.) b18: And (tropical:) A time. (TA.) One says, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ عَلِى رِجْلِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) That was in the time of such a one; (S, K, TA;) in his life-time: (K, TA:) like the phrase على رَأْسِ فُلَانٍ. (TA.) b19: Also (assumed tropical:) Precedence. (Abu-l- Mekárim, K.) When the files of camels are collected together, an owner, or attendant, of camels says, لِىَ الرِّجْلُ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [The precedence belongs to me; or] I precede: and another says, لَا بَلِ الرِّجْلُ لِى (assumed tropical:) [Nay, but the precedence belongs to me]: and they contend together for it, each unwilling to yield it to the other: (Abu-l-Mekárim, TA:) pl. أَرْجَالٌ: (K:) and so in the senses here following. (TA.) b20: And (assumed tropical:) Distress; straitness of the means of subsistence or of the conveniences of life; a state of pressing want; misfortune; or calamity; and poverty. (O, K.) A2: Also A man who sleeps much: (O, K:) fem. with ة. (TA.) b2: And A man such as is termed قَاذُورَةٌ [which means foul in language; evil in disposition: one who cares not what he does or says: very jealous: one who does not mix, or associate as a friend, with others, because of the evilness of his disposition, nor alight with them: &c.: see art. قذر]. (O, K.) A3: Also Blank paper; (O, K, * TA;) without writing. (TA.) رَجَلٌ: see رَاجِلُ, first sentence: A2: and see also رَجِلٌ, in two places.

A3: [It is also explained as here follows, as though a quasi-inf. n. of 4 in a sense mentioned in the first paragraph on the authority of the S and O, or inf. n. of رَجَلَ in the same sense; thus:] The sending, (S, O,) or leaving, (K, TA,) a lamb or kid or calf, (S, O, TA,) or a young camel, (K, TA,) and a colt, (TA,) with its mother, to such her whenever it pleases: (S, O, K:) [but I rather think that this is a loose explanation of the meaning implied by رَجَلٌ used as an epithet; for it is added in the S and O immediately, and in the K shortly after, that] one says بَهْمَةٌ رَجَلٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ رَجِلٌ (K) [meaning, as indicated in the S and O, A lamb, or hid, or calf, sent with its mother to such her whenever it pleases, or, as indicated in the K, sucking, or that sucks, its mother]: pl. أَرْجَالٌ. (S, O, K.) b2: Also A horse [i. e. a stallion] sent upon the خَيْل [meaning mares, to leap them]: (K:) and in like manner one says خَيْلٌ رَجَلٌ, [using it as a pl., app. meaning horses so sent,] (K accord. to the TA,) or ↓ خَيْلٌ رَجِلَةٌ. (CK, and so in my MS. copy of the K: [perhaps it should be رَجَلَةٌ.]) رَجُلٌ (S, O, Mgh, Msb, K &c.) and ↓ رَجْلٌ, (O, K,) the latter a dial. var., (O,) or, accord. to Sb and El-Fárisee, a quasi-pl. n., [but app. of رَاجِلٌ, not of رَجُلٌ,] called by Abu-l-Hasan a pl., (TA,) A man, as meaning the male of the human species; (Msb;) the opposite of اِمْرَأَةٌ: (S, O, Mgh:) applied only to one who has attained to puberty and manhood: (K, * TA:) or as soon as he is born, (K, TA,) and afterwards also: (TA:) pl. رِجَالٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) [applied in the Kur lxxii. 6 to men and to jinn (or genii), like نَاسٌ and أُنَاسٌ, and likewise a pl. of رَاجِلٌ, and of its syn. رَجْلَانُ,] and رجَالَاتٌ, (S, K,) said by some to be a pl. pl., (TA,) and ↓ رَجْلَةٌ, (Sb, Msb, K, TA, in the CK رِجْلَةٌ, [which is a mistake, as is shown by what follows,]) of the measure فَعْلَةٌ, with fet-h to the ف, (Msb,) [but this is, properly speaking, a quasi-pl. n.,] said to be the only instance of its kind except كَمْأَةٌ, which, however, some say is a n. un. like others of the same form belonging to [coll.] gen. ns., (Msb,) used as a pl. of pauc. instead of أَرْجَالٌ, (Sb, Ibn-Es-Serráj, Msb, TA,) because they assigned to رَجُلٌ no pl. of pauc., (Sb, TA,) not saying أَرْجَالٌ (TA) [nor رِجْلَةٌ], and ↓ رَجِلَةٌ, mentioned by Az as another pl., but this [also] is a quasi-pl. n., and of it Abu-l-' Abbás holds ↓ رَجْلَةٌ to be a contraction, (TA,) and رِجَلَةٌ (Ks, K) and أَرَاجِلُ (Ks, S, K) and [another quasi-pl. n. is] ↓ مَرْجَلٌ. (IJ, K.) شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ, in the Kur [ii. 282], means [Two witnesses] of the people of your religion. (TA.) [رَجُلٌ also signifies A woman's husband: and the dual] رَجُلَانِ [sometimes] means A man and his wife; predominance being thus attributed to the former. (IAar, TA.) And ↓ رَجُلَةٌ signifies A woman: (S, K:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, a woman who is, or affects to be, or makes herself, like a man in some of her qualities, or states, or predicaments. (TA.) It is said of 'Áïsheh, (S, TA,) in a trad., which confirms this latter explanation, (TA,) كَانَتْ الرَّأْىِ, ↓ رَجُلَةَ, (S, TA,) meaning She was like a man in judgment. (TA. [See also مَرْجَلَانِيَّةٌ.]) The dim. of رَجُلٌ is ↓ رُجَيْلٌ and ↓ رُوَيْجِلٌ: (S, K:) the former reg.: (TA:) the latter irreg., as though it were dim. of رَاجِلٌ: (S, TA:) [but it seems that رُوَيْجِلٌ is properly the dim. of رَاجِلٌ, though used as that of رَجُلٌ.] One says, هُوَ رَجُلُ وَحْدِهِ [He is a man unequalled, or that has no second], (IAar, L in art. وحد,) and وَحْدِهِ ↓ رُجَيْلُ [A little man (probably meaning the contrary) unequalled, &c.]. (S and L in that art.) and it is said in a trad., إِنْ صَدَقَ ↓ أَفْلَحَ الرُّوَيْجِلُ [The little man prospers if he speak truth] (TA.) b2: Also One much given to coition: (Az, O, K:) used in this sense by the Arabs of ElYemen: and some of the Arabs term such a one عُصْفُورِىٌّ. (O, TA.) b3: And i. q. رَاجِلٌ, q. v. (Mgh, Msb, K.) b4: And Perfect, or complete [in respect of bodily vigour or the like]: ('Eyn, O, K, TA: [in the CK, والرّاجِلُ الكَامِلُ is erroneously put for والراَجل والكامل:]) or strong and perfect or complete: sometimes it has this meaning, as an epithet: and when thus used, Sb allows its being in the gen. case in the phrase, مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ رَجُلٍ أَبُوهُ [I passed by a man whose father is strong &c.]; though the nom. case is more common: he says, also, that when you say, هُوَ الرَّجُلُ, you may mean that he is perfect or complete, or you may mean any man that speaks and that walks upon two legs. (M, TA.) A2: [In the CK, شَعَرٌ رَجُلٌ is erroneously put for شَعَرٌ رَجْلٌ: and, in the same, رَجُلُ الشَّعَرِ, as syn. with رَجِلُ الشَّعَرِ, is app. a mistake for رَجْلُ الشَّعَرِ; but it is mentioned in this sense by 'Iyád:] see the paragraph here following.

رَجِلٌ; and its fem., with ة: see رَاجِلٌ.

A2: شَعَرٌ رَجِلٌ (ISk, S, Msb, K) and ↓ رَجَلٌ (ISk, S, K) and ↓ رَجْلٌ, (Msb, K, [in the CK, erroneously, رَجُلٌ,]) Hair [that is wavy, or somewhat curly, i. e.] of a quality between [بَيْنَ, for which بَيِّنُ is erroneously put in the CK,] lankness and crispness or curliness, (K,) or not very crisp or curly, nor lank, (ISk, S,) or neither very crisp or curly, nor very lank, but between these two. (Msb, TA.) b2: And رَجِلُ الشَّعَرِ and ↓ رَجَلُهُ (ISd, Sgh, K) and ↓ رَجْلُهُ (ISd, K, TA, but accord. to the CK as next follows,] and ↓ رَجُلُهُ, with damm to the ج, added by 'Iyád, in the Meshárik, (MF, TA,) A man having hair such as is described above: pl. أَرْجَالٌ and رَجَالَى; (M, K;) the former, most probably, accord. to analogy, pl. of رَجْلٌ; but both may be pls. of رَجِلٌ and رَجَلٌ: accord. to Sb, however, رَجَلٌ has no broken pl., its pl. being only رَجَلُونَ. (M, TA.) A3: See also رَجَلٌ, in two places.

رَجْلَةٌ: see رَجُلٌ, first sentence, in two places: b2: and رَاجِلٌ.

A2: See also the next paragraph.

رُجْلَةٌ The going on foot; (T, S, * M, TA;) the act of the man who has no beast [to carry him]; (T, TA;) an inf. n. (T, S, TA) of رَجِلَ: (T, TA: [see 1, first sentence:]) or it signifies strength to walk, or go on foot; (Msb, K;) and is a simple subst.: (Msb:) and also excellence of a دَابَّة [meaning horse or ass or mule] and of a camel in endurance of long journeying; in which sense [Az says] I have not heard any verb belonging to it except [by implication] in the epithets رَجِيلَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, and رَجِيلٌ, applied to an ass and to a man: (T, TA:) and (M) ↓ رِجْلَةٌ, with kesr, signifies vehemence, or strength, of walking or going on foot; (M, K;) as also ↓ رَجْلَةٌ. (K. [In the K is then added, “or with damm, strength to walk, or go on foot; ” but it seems evident that we should read “ and with damm,”

&c., agreeably with the passage in the M, in which the order of the two clauses is the reverse of their order in the K.]) One says, حَمَلَكَ اللّٰهُ عَنِ الرُّجْلَةِ and مِنَ الرُّجْلَةِ, i. e. [May God give thee a beast to ride upon, and so relieve thee from going on foot, or] from the act of the man who has no beast. (T, TA.) And هُوَ ذُو رُجْلَةٍ He has strength to walk, or go on foot. (Msb.) b2: And The state, or condition, of being a رَجُل [or man, or male human being; generally meaning manhood, or manliness, or manfulness]; (S, K;) as also ↓ رُجُولَةٌ (Ks, S, TA) and ↓ رُجُولِيَّةٌ (IAar, S, K) and ↓ رَجُولِيَّةٌ (Ks, T, K) and ↓ رُجْلِيَّةٌ; (K) of the class of inf. ns. that have no verbs belonging to them. (ISd, TA.) A2: And The having a complaint of the رِجْل [i. e. leg, or foot]. (TA.) b2: And in a horse, (S,) or beast, (دَابَّة, K,) A whiteness, (K,) or the having a whiteness, (S,) in one of the رِجْلَانِ [i. e. hind legs or feet], (S, K,) without a whiteness in any other part; (TA;) as also ↓ تَرُجِيلٌ (K.) This is disliked, unless there be in him some other [similar] وَضَح. (S.) رِجْلَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence.

A2: [Also, accord. to the K, a pl. of رَاجلٌ or of one of its syns.]

A3: And A herd, or detached number collected together, of wild animals. (IB, TA.) A4: And A place in which grow [plants, or trees, of the kind called] عَرْفَج, (K,) accord. to Az, in which grow many thereof, (TA,) in one رَوْضَة [or meadow]. (K.) b2: and A water-course, or channel in which water flows, (S, K,) from a [stony tract such as is called] حَرَّة to a soft, or plain, tract: (K:) pl. رِجَلٌ; (S, K;) a term similar to مَذَانِبُ [pl. of مِذْنَبٌ]: so says Er-Rághib: the waters (he says) pour to it, and it retains them: and on one occasion he says, the رِجْلَة is like the قَرِيّ; it is wide, and people alight in it: he says also, it is a water-course of a plain, or soft, tract, such as is ملباث, or, as in one copy, مِنْبَات [which is app. the right reading, meaning productive of much herbage]. (TA.) A5: الرِجْلَةُ also signifies A species of the [kind of plants called] حَيْض. (K.) b2: And, accord. to [some of] the copies of the K [in this place], The عَرْفَج; but correctly the فَرْفَخ [as in the CK here, and in the K &c. in art. فرفخ]; (TA;) i. q. البَقْلَةُ الحَمُقَآءُ; (S, Msb, TA;) thus the people commonly called it; i. e. البقلةالحمقآء; (TA;) [all of these three appellations being applied to Purslane, or purslain; and generally to the garden purslane:] it is [said to be] called الحمقآء because it grows not save in a water-course: (S: [i. e. the wild sort: but see art. حمق:]) whence the saying, أَحْمَقُ مِنْ رِجْلَةٍ [explained in art. حمق], (S, K,) meaning this بَقْلَة: (TA:) the vulgar say, مِنْ رِجْلِهِ. (S, K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, من رَجْلَةٍ.]) رَجُلَةٌ: see رَجُلٌ in two places.

رَجِلَةٌ a quasi-pl. n. of رَجُلٌ q. v. (TA.) A2: [Also fem. of the epithet رَجِلٌ.]

رجْلَي fem. of رَجْلَانُ: see رَاجِلٌ near the end of the paragraph. b2: حَرَّةٌ رَجْلَي and ↓ رَجْلَآءُ A [stony tract such as is called] حَرَّة that is rough [or rugged], in which one goes on foot: or level, but abounding with stones: (K:) or rough and difficult, in which one cannot go except on foot: (TA:) or the latter signifies level, but abounding with stones, in which it is difficult to go along: (S:) or hard and rough, which horses and camels cannot traverse, and none can but a man on foot: (AHeyth, TA:) or that impedes the feet by its difficulty. (Er-Rághib, TA.) A2: رَجْلَي is also a pl. of رَجْلَانُ: (S:) [and app. of رَجِيلٌ also.]

رَجْلَآءُ fem. of أَرْجَلُ [q. v.]. b2: See also the next preceding paragraph.

رَجَلِيٌّ sing. of رَجَلِيُّونَ, which latter is applied, with the article ال to Certain men who used to run (كَانُوا يَعْدُونَ, so in the O and K, but in the T يَغْزُونَ [which is evidently a mistranscription], TA) upon their feet; as also ↓ رُجَيْلَآءُ, in like manner with the article ال: (O, K, TA:) in the T, the sing. is written رَجْلِيٌّ; and said to be a rel. n. from الرُّجْلَةُ; which requires consideration: (TA:) they were Suleyk El-Makánib, (O, K, TA,) i. e. Ibn-Sulakeh, (TA,) and El-Munteshir Ibn-Wahb El-Báhilee, and Owfà Ibn-Matar ElMázinee. (O, K, TA. [All these were famous runners.]) رُجْلِيَّةٌ: see رُجْلَةٌ.

رَجْلَانُ; and its fem., رَجْلَي: see رَاجِلٌ.

رُجَالٌ [a quasi-pl. n.] : see رَاجِلٌ.

رَجِيلٌ: see رَاجِلٌ, in two places. b2: Also i. q. مَشَّآءٌ; and so ↓ رَاجِلٌ; (K;) i. e. (TA) [That walks, or goes on foot, much; or a good goer; or] strong to walk, or go, or go on foot; (S, in explanation of the latter, and TA;) applied to a man, (S, K, TA,) and to a camel, and an ass: (TA:) or the latter, a man that walks, or goes on foot, much and well: and strong to do so,. with patient endurance: and a beast, such as a horse or an ass or a mule, and a camel, that endures long journeying with patience: fem. with ة: (T, TA:) or, applied to a horse, that does not become attenuated, or chafed, abraded, or worn, in the hoofs [by journeying] : (S, O:) or, so applied, that does not sweat: and rendered submissive, or manageable; broken, or trained: (K, * TA:) the fem., with ة is also applied to a woman, as meaning strong to walk, or go on foot: (TA:) pl. رَجْلَي [most probably of رَجِيلٌ, agreeably with analogy,] and رَجَالَي. (K.) b3: Also A place of which the two extremities are far apart: (M, K, * TA:) in the copies of the K, الطَّرِيقَيْنِ is here erroneously put for الطَّرَفَيْنِ: and the M adds, trodden, or rendered even, or easy to be travelled: (TA:) or rugged and hard land or ground: (O, TA:) and a hard place: and a rugged, difficult, road, in a mountain. (TA.) A2: Also, applied to speech, i. q. ↓ مُرْتَجَلٌ [i. e. Extemporized; spoken extemporaneously, impromptu, or without premeditation]. (O, K, TA.) رُجَيْلٌ dim. of رَجُلٌ, which see, in two places.

رُجُولَةٌ: see رُجْلَةٌ.

رَجُولِيَّةٌ: see رُجْلَةٌ.

رُجُولِيَّةٌ: see رُجْلَةٌ.

رُجَيْلَآءُ: see رَجَلِيٌّ b2: وَلَدَتْهَا الرُّجَيْلَآءَ They (sheep or goats) brought them forth [i. e. their young ones] one after another. (El-Umawee, T, S, O, K.) رَجَّالٌ i. q. رَاجِلٌ, q. v. (Az, TA.) رَجَّالَةٌ: quasi-pl. ns. of رَاجِلٌ, q. v.

رُجَّالَي: quasi-pl. ns. of رَاجِلٌ, q. v.

رَاجِلٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ رَجُلٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) the latter of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (MF,) in copies of the M written ↓ رَجَلٌ, (TA,) and ↓ رَجِلٌ (S, K) and ↓ رَجِيلٌ [afterwards mentioned as a quasi-pl. n.] (K) and ↓ رَجْلَانُ (S, K) and ↓ رَجْلٌ, (K,) but this last is said by Sb to be a quasi-pl. n., (TA,) Going, or a goer, on foot; a pedestrian; a footman; the opposite of فَارِسٌ; (S, Msb;) one having no beast whereon to ride, (K, TA,) in a journey, and therefore going on his feet: (TA:) see also رَجِيلٌ : pl. ↓ رَجَّالَةٌ, (Ks, T, S, M, Msb, K,) [or rather this is a quasi-pl. n.,] written by MF رِجَالَةٌ, as on the authority of AHei, but the former is the right, (TA,) and رُجَّالٌ (Ks, T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَجْلٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) this last mentioned before as being said by Sb to be a quasi-pl. n., (TA,) like صَحْبٌ (S, Msb, TA) and رَكْبٌ, and occurring in the Kur xvii. 66, (TA,) all of رَاجِلٌ, (S, Msb,) and رِجَالٌ, (S, M, K,) of رَجْلَانُ (S) and of رَاجِلٌ, (TA,) [but more commonly of رَجُلٌ, q. v.,] and رَجْلَي, (S, O, K,) of رَجْلَانُ, (S, O,) and رَجَالَي, (S, M, K,) of رَجِلٌ, (S,) or of رَجْلَانُ, (TA,) and رُجَالَي and رُجْلَانٌ, (M, K,) which last is of رَاجِلٌ or of رَجِيلٌ, (TA,) and رِجْلَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.], (M, K,) written by MF رَجَلَةٌ, and if so, of رَاجِلٌ, like as كَتَبَةٌ is pl. of كَاتِبٌ, (TA,) and ↓ رَجْلَةٌ, (T, M, K,) [but this is a quasi-pl. n., mentioned before as of رَجُلٌ, q. v.,] and أَرْجِلَةٌ, (M, K,) which may be pl. of رِجَالٌ, which is pl. of رَاجِلٌ, (IJ,) and أَرَاجِلُ, (M, K,) which may be pl. of the pl. أَرْجِلَةٌ, (IJ,) and أَرَاجِيلُ, (M, K,) and to the foregoing pls. mentioned in the K are to be added (TA) رِجَلَةٌ, (Ks, M, TA) which is of رَجُلٌ, (TA,) and رُجَّلٌ, like سُكَّرٌ, (AHei, TA,) and [the quasi-pl. ns.]

↓ رُجَّالَي, (Ks, T, M, AHei, TA,) termed by MF an anomalous pl., (TA,) and ↓ رُجَالٌ, (AHei, TA,) said by MF to be extr., of the class of رُخَالٌ, (TA,) and ↓ رَجِيلٌ, (AHei, TA,) said to be a quasi-pl. n. like مَعِيزٌ and كَلِيبٌ. (TA.) Az says, I have heard some of them say ↓ رَجَّالٌ as meaning رَاجِلٌ; and its pl. is رَجَاجِيلُ. (TA.) And رَاجِلَةٌ and ↓ رَجِلَةٌ are applied in the same sense to a woman, (Lth, TA,) and so is ↓ رَجْلَي [fem. of رَجْلَانُ, like غَضْبَي fem. of غَضْبَانُ]: (S:) and the pl. [of the first] is رَوَاجِلُ (TA) and ([of the first or second or] of the third, S) رِجَالٌ (Lth, S, TA) and رَجَالَي. (S.) b2: Lh mentions the saying, لَا تَفْعَلْ كَذَا أُمُّكَ رَاجِلٌ, but does not explain it: it seems to mean [Do not thus:] may thy mother mourn, and be bereft of thee. (TA.) A2: نَاقَةٌ رَاجِلٌ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا means A she-camel [left to give suck to her young one,] not having her udder bound with the صِرَار [q. v.]. (K.) رَاجِلَةٌ The pastor's كَبْش [or ram] upon which he conveys, or puts to be borne, his utensils. (AA, O, K.) So in the saying of a poet, فَظَلَّ يَعْمِتُ فِى قَوْطٍ وَرَاجِلَةٍ

يُكَفِّتُ الدَّهْرَ إِلَّا رَيْثَ يَهْتَبِدُ (AA, TA,) meaning [And he passed the day] spinning from a portion of wool [wound in the form of a ring upon his hand], termed عَمِيتَه, [amid a flock of sheep, with a ram upon which he conveyed his utensils,] ever collecting [to himself], and coveting, or labouring to acquire, save when he was sitting cooking هَبِيد [i. e. colocynths or their seeds or pulp]. (T and TA in art. عمت: where راجلة is likewise explained as above.) رُوَيْجِلٌ: see رَجُلٌ, in two places.

أَرْجَلُ A man large in the رِجْل [i. e. leg, or foot]: (S, K:) like أَرْكَبُ “ large in the knee,” and أَرْأَسُ “ large in the head. ” (TA.) b2: And A horse, (S,) or beast, (دَابَّة, K,) having a whiteness in one of his رِجْلَانِ [i. e. hind legs or feet], (S, K,) without a whiteness in any other part. (TA.) This is disliked, unless there be in him some other [similar] وَضَح. (S. [See also 2 in art. خدم.]) The fem. is رَجْلَآءُ, (S, K,) which is applied in like manner to a sheep or goat: (S:) or to a ewe as meaning whose رِجْلَانِ [or hind legs] are white to the flanks, (M, TA,) or with the flanks, (T, TA,) the rest of her being black. (TA.) b3: حَرَّةٌ رَجْلَآءُ: see رَجْلَى.

A2: هُوَ أَرْجَلُ الرَّجُلَيْنِ means [He is the more manly, or manful, of the two men; or] he has رُجْلِيَّة that is not in the other [of the two men]: (T, TA:) or he is the stronger of the two men. (K.) ISd thinks ارجل in this case to be like أَحْنَكُ, as having no verb. (TA.) أَرَاجِيلُ app. a pl. of أَرْجِلَةٌ, which may be pl. of رِجَالٌ, which is pl. of رَاجِلٌ [q. v.] (TA.) b2: Also Men accustomed to, or in the habit of, taking, capturing, catching, snaring, or trapping, game or wild animals or the like, or birds, or fish; hunters, fowlers, or fishermen. (Sgh, K.) تَرْجِيلٌ: see رُجْلَةٌ, last signification.

تَرَاجِيلُ i. q. كَرَفْسٌ [q. v., i. e. The herb smallage]; (K;) of the dial. of the Sawád; one of the herbs, or leguminous plants, of the gardens. (TA.).

مَرْجَلٌ: see رَجُلٌ, of which it is a quasi-pl. n. : A2: and مِرْجَلٌ.

مُرجِلٌ A woman that brings forth men-children; (M, TA;) i. q. مُذْكِرٌ, (M, K, TA,) which is the epithet commonly known. (M, TA.) مِرْجَلٌ A copper cooking-pot: (S, Mgh, Msb:) or a large copper cooking-pot: (Ham p. 469:) or a cooking-pot of stones [or stone], and of copper: (K:) or any cooking-pot (Mgh, Msb, TA, and Ham ubi suprà) or vessel in which one cooks: (TA:) of the masc. gender: (K:) pl. مَرَاجِلُ. (Ham ubi suprà.) b2: And A comb. (Mgh, K.) b3: Also, and ↓ مَرْجَلٌ, (K,) the latter on the authority of IAar alone, (TA,) A sort of [garment of the kind called] بُرْد, of the fabric of El-Yemen: (K:) pl. as above, مَرَاجِلُ; with which مَرَاحِل, occurring in a trad., is said in the T, in art. رحل, to be syn.: [and ↓ بُرْدٌ مِرْجَلِىٌّ signifies the same as مِرْجَلٌ:] it is said in a prov., حَدِيثًا كَانَ بُرْدُكَ مِرْجَلِيَّا [Recently thy بُرْد was of the sort called مِرْجَلِىّ;] i. e. thou hast only recently been clad with the مَرَاجِل, and usedst to wear the عَبَآء: [whence it appears that the مِرْجَل may be thus called because worn only by full-grown men:] so says IAar: it is said in the M that ثَوْبٌ مِرْجَلِىٌّ is from الممرجل [i. e. المُمَرْجَلُ, perhaps a mistranscription for المَرْجَلُ]: (TA:) [but] ↓ مُمَرْجَلٌ signifies a sort of garments, or cloths, variegated, or figured; (S and K in art. مرجل;) similar to the مَرَاجِل, or similar to these in their variegation or decoration, or their figured forms; as explained by Seer and others; (TA in that art.;) [wherefore] Sb holds the م of مَرَاجِلُ to be an essential part of the word; (S in that art.;) and hence Seer and the generality of authors also say that it is a radical, though Abu-l-'Alà and some others hold it to be augmentative. (MF and TA in that art.) مِرْجَلِىٌّ A maker of cooking-pots [such as are called مَرَاجِلَ, pl. of مِرْجَلٌ]. (MA.) b2: See also the next preceding paragraph.

مَرْجَلَانِيَّةٌ A woman who is, or affects to be, or makes herself, like a man in guise or in speech. (TA. [See also رَجُلَةٌ, voce رَجُلٌ.]) مُرَجَّلٌ A skin, (Fr, TA,) or such as is termed a زِقّ, (K,) that is stripped off [by beginning] from one رَِجْل [or hind leg]; (Fr, K, TA;) or from the part where is the رِجْل (M, TA.) And شَاةٌ مُرَجَّلَةٌ A sheep, or goat, skinned [by beginning] from one رِجْل: (Ham p. 667:) and in like manner ↓ مَرْجُولٌ applied to a ram. (Lh, K voce مَزْقُوقٌ, which signifies the contr. [like مُزَقَّقٌ].) b2: Also A [skin such as is termed] زِقّ full of wine. (As, O, K.) A2: A [garment of the kind called] بُرْد upon which are the figures of men; (K;) or upon which are the figures of of men. (TA.) b2: And A garment, or piece of cloth, (O, TA,) and a بُرْد, (TA,) ornamented in the borders. (O, K, TA.) A3: Combed hair. (O, TA. [See its verb, 2.]) A4: جَرَادٌ مُرَجَّلٌ Locusts the traces of whose wings are seen upon the ground. (ISd, K.) مَرْجُولٌ A gazelle whose رِجْل [or hind leg] has fallen [and is caught] in the snare: when his يَد [or fore leg] has fallen therein, he is said to be مَيْدِىٌّ. (TA.) b2: See also the next preceding paragraph.

مُرْتَجَلٌ: see رَجِيلٌ, last sentence.

مُرْتَجِلٌ A man holding the زَنْد with his hands and feet, (K, TA,) because he is alone: (TA:) [i. e.] one who, in producing fire with the زَنْد, holds the lower زَنْدَة with his foot [or feet]. (AA, TA. [See 5.]) A2: One who collects a detached number (قِطْعَة [or رِجْل]) of locusts, to roast, or fry, them: (S:) one who lights upon a رِجْل of locusts, and roasts, or fries, some of them, (K, TA,) or, as in the M, cooks. (TA.) مُمَرْجَلٌ: see مِرْجَلٌ.

رجل: أَرْجَل: أنزل الحمل (فوك).
أرِجل: أخضع (؟)، وفي المعجم اللاتيني - العربي ( subicere: إرجال ورياضة).
وعند ابن العوام (1: 673): ماء شديد الحرارة قد أُرْجِل على النار (وكذلك في مخطوطتنا) حيث يعني هذا الفعل فيما يظهر غلي في المرجل، مثل ارتجل.
ترجَّل. ترجَّل عن دابته، وعن الفرس: نزل عن دابته وعن الفرس فمشى (معجم الطرائف). وفي معجم ألكالا ترجَّل وحدها تدل على هذا المعنى.
ترجَّل لفلان وإلى فلان: تحية له وإكراماً وتشريفاً، وهي علامة الخضوع والطاعة (معجم الطرائف).
ارتجل: ترجّل: نزل عن دابته فمشى (فوك).
ارتجل: نكس رأسه، طأطأ (فوك).
ارتجل: أنزل الحمل (فوك).
ارتجال: وضع الكلمات، ضد اشتقاق (تاريخ البربر 4: 7).
رِجْل، رِجْل الجبل: أسفله (محيط المحيط).
رِجْل: ساق حرف مائل بعض الميل، خط يشطب الكلمة أو الحرف أو أي شيء آخر (بوشر).
رِجْل: ركيزة، عماد، عمود مستطيل ناتئ بعض الشيء، من جدار، يجمع على أرجل، وجمع الجميع أَرْجالات (معجم الإدريسي). وفي حيّان (ص102 ق): وفيها وافى بنهر قرطبة سَيْل عظيم اعتصت (اغتصت) به حلاقيم القنطرة وتثلم بعض أرجلها.
رِجْل: خيزران، دقة المركب، سكان السفينة (فوك، معجم ابن جبير، معجم مسلم).
رجل الأَسَد: نبات (بوشر).
رجل البقرة: لوف قبطي (نبات) (بوشر). رجل الحجر، عند البنّائين: وجهه الأسفل (محيط المحيط).
رجل الحَلُّوف: عتلة حديدية، رفاعة حديدية أحد طرفيها على شكل رجل الماعز (دومب ص95).
رجل الدَّجاجة: هو في أفريقية البابونج الأبيض الزهر (ابن البيطار 1: 106).
رجل الأرنب: لاغوبس (بوشر، ابن البيطار 1: 492).
رجل الزرزور: نبات اسمه coronopus ( ابن البيطار 1: 492). رجل الزاغ: نبات اسمه عند أهل الشام coenopus ( ابن البيطار 1: 490).
رجل العصفور: نبات اسمه arnithapode أو رجل الطير (بوشر).
رجل العقاب: نبات اسمه coenopus ( ابن البيطار 1: 492).
رجل العقعق: نبات اسمه coenopus ( ابن البيطار 1: 492).
رجل الغراب: جزر الشيطان، زركشت، رجل الدجاجة (بوشر).
رجل الغزال: عند فانسليب (ص110): ((رويت غزال أو رجل الإبل (الوعل) سمي بذلك أن أوراقه تشبه رجل هذا الحيوان كل الشبه، وهو نبات زيتي)). وأرى أن هذا الاسم يجب أن يصحح كما صححته.
رجل الفَرُّوج ورجل الفُلُّوسي: اسم عند عامة الأندلس لنبات اسمه العلمي: salsola fruticosa ( ابن البيطار 1: 492).
رجل القطّ: نبات (بوشر).
رجل الوَزّ: نبات سام (بوشر).
رجل اليمامة، رجل القبّرة، نبات اسمه Delphinium ( بوشر).
أرْجُل الجراد: اسم نبات يسمى أيضاً افلنجة (انظر افلنجة) كما يسمى زَرْنُب (ابن البيطار 1: 525) والجمع أرجل في مخطوطة في ب.
قام رجله: فاضت نفسه، مات (بوشر).
نبيذ الأرجل: نبيذ العنب الذي يستخرج بدوس الأرجل. ونبيذ الأيدي هو النبيذ المعروف. انظر رسالة إلى فليشر (ص196).
رجع على رجله: رجع عند وصوله وهو واقف قبل أن يجلس (محيط المحيط).
رَجُل وجمعه رِجَال، أي الرجال الكاملون الممتازون بعلمهم وتقواهم (ابن جبير ص45) والرجال عند الصوفية هم الرجال الممتازون بارتقائهم في الحياة الروحية (المقدمة 3: 63، زيشر 16: 136 رقم 4).
رجال: في رياض النفوس (ص94 ر): دخل عليه عمرون الفقيه وكان من رجاله، أي من أصحابه وأصدقائه.
الله والرجال: أي الله والأولياء (ألف ليلة 4: 689، 694) مع تعليقه لين في الترجمة (3: 729 رقم 17).
تَعاطَي ما ليس من رجاله: اشتغل بما ليس من اختصاصه، بما لا يعنيه (ابن بطوطة 4: 358).
رجال الحديث: رواة الحديث الذين ذكرت أسماؤهم في أسانيد الحديث (دي سلان 2: 482) ويقال: الرجال فقط. ففي المقري (1: 492): كان بصيراً بالحديث والرجال (ص501).
رِجالات، جمع رجال: كبار رجال الدولة (دي سلان المقدمة 2: 18 رقم 2) وانظر الجريدة الآسيوية (1869، 2: 158 - 159) وأماري (ص398).
رجل خُنْثَى: مُخَنَّث، عديم المروءة، ضعيف الإرادة (بوشر).
رجل وَحْشِي: إنسان الغاب، نوع من القردة (أورانج - أوتانج) عديم الذنب قامته كقامة الإنسان (بوشر).
رِجْلَة: جرادة (معجم الماوردي).
رِجْلِيّ: جندي مشاة، راجل (تاريخ البربر 1: 302).
رُجْلِيَّة: رُجولية (فوك).
رَجَالَة: مروءة، شهامة، نجدة (روتجرز ص155، 156).
رُجَيْلَة: رِجلة، بقلة حمقاء، فرفحين (ألكالا). وفي زاد المسافر لابن الجزار: البقلة الحمقاء وهي الرجيلة.
رِجَالِيّ: خاص بالرجال (بوشر).
رَجّال: راجل، جندي المشاة (انظر لين) (كرتاس ص149)، وفي مخطوطتنا: راجل وهي الكلمة المألوفة.
رَجَّال: شجاع، جريء (بوشر).
رجال الدهر: فريدو العصر، قرعاء الدهر، نسيج وحدهم (بوشر).
راجِل: حرس الأمير يسمون رَجَّالة الدائرة (حيان وبسّام 1: 114ق) أو يسمون الرَجَّالة فقط. ففي حيان - بسام (2و) في كلامه عن خليفة: بعض الرجالة القائمين على رأسه.
راجل: عَوْن. ففي رياض النفوس (ص91 و): أمر القاضي الرَجَّالة.
راجل: ويجمع على رجَّالة ورِجال أيضاً: عامل (فوك، الجريدة الآسيوية 1869، 2: 159، معجم الطرائف)، وفي مخطوطتنا لابن العوام (1: 531) عبارة لم تذكر في المطبوع منه، وهي تبدأ بقوله: واليد هو القطيع الذي يقطع من الكرم للرَجَّالة، فكلمة الراجل فيه إذاً هي مرادفة لكلمة الرَجُل الخَدَّام. وفي رياض النفوس (ص97 و) يول أستاذ في مدرسة من مدارس أهل السنة، وكان قد استلم عشرة دنانير من الخليفة العبيدي معدّ: هذه إنمَّا أخذتُها لأستعين بها على هدم قصرهم يُعْطَى لكل راجل رُبْعُ درهم. قال: وكان يسأل عن الصرف فإذا أخبروه إنه زاد ربع درهم فرح وقال: زاد لي في الهَدَّامين راجل.
راجل، وتجمع على رَجَّالة: خادم (الجريدة الآسيوية 1896، 2: 159).
راجل، وتجمع على رجَّالة: فَيجْ، ساعي البريد (بابن سميث 1426).
راجل: مرادف رَجُل (ألكالا).
ارجالة بالأسبانية orchilla: حُمَّاض، حُمَّيضة، بقلة حامضة. يقول ابن جُلْجل: الارجالة التي يصبغ بها.
ترجيل: حذاءَ، نعل (محيط المحيط، ميهرن ص25، ألف ليلة 1: 87، 2: 14، 16) وهي مرادف مركوب (ألف ليلة برسل 12: 368) وفي طبعة ماكن (3: 187): نَعْل.
مِرْجَل وتجمع على مراجيل (الكامل ص315).
رُجَّل: رجل كامل الرجولية (رايسك عند فريتاج، عبار 1: 225).
امرأة مرجلة: امرأة تشبه الرجل، امرأة تشبه الرجل، امرأة مسترجلة (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 71).
مرجلية: رجولية (بوشر).
مَرْجُوليَّة: سن الرجولة (همبرت ص28).
امرأة مسترجلة: امرأة تشبه الرجل (بوشر).

محمد
رسم القرآن لمحمد صورة محبّبة إلى النفوس، فيها لين ورقة، وفيها الخلق المثالى، والقلب الرءوف الرحيم، والنّفس الوادعة المطمئنة، نزل عليه روح من أمر الله، يهدى إلى الصراط المستقيم، ويخرج الناس من الظلمات إلى النور، يقول الله تعالى يخاطبه: ن وَالْقَلَمِ وَما يَسْطُرُونَ ما أَنْتَ بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجْنُونٍ وَإِنَّ لَكَ لَأَجْراً غَيْرَ مَمْنُونٍ وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلى خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ (القلم 1 - 4). ويقول: لَقَدْ جاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ ما عَنِتُّمْ حَرِيصٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ (التوبة 128). ويقول:
فَبِما رَحْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ وَلَوْ كُنْتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ الْقَلْبِ لَانْفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ
(آل عمران 159). ويقول: وَكَذلِكَ أَوْحَيْنا إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِنْ أَمْرِنا ما كُنْتَ تَدْرِي مَا الْكِتابُ وَلَا الْإِيمانُ وَلكِنْ جَعَلْناهُ نُوراً نَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ نَشاءُ مِنْ عِبادِنا وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ صِراطِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَما فِي الْأَرْضِ (الشورى 52، 53). ويقول: قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْراً رَسُولًا يَتْلُوا عَلَيْكُمْ آياتِ اللَّهِ مُبَيِّناتٍ لِيُخْرِجَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ مِنَ الظُّلُماتِ إِلَى النُّورِ (الطلاق 10، 11).
ويدعوه سراجا منيرا، فى قوله: يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْناكَ شاهِداً وَمُبَشِّراً وَنَذِيراً وَداعِياً إِلَى اللَّهِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَسِراجاً مُنِيراً (الأحزاب 45، 46). ورحمة في قوله: وَما أَرْسَلْناكَ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً لِلْعالَمِينَ (الأنبياء 107). ويأمره باستشارتهم وخفض الجناح لهم إذ يقول:
فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ وَشاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ (آل عمران 159). ويقول: وَاخْفِضْ جَناحَكَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَقُلْ إِنِّي أَنَا النَّذِيرُ الْمُبِينُ (الحجر 88 - 89).
ولكن هذه الصفات في سموّها المثالى لم ترفع محمدا عن البشرية، وهذه صفة من الصفات التى أكدها القرآن وأطال في الحديث عنها، فهو حينا يثبت هذه الصفة على لسانه، وحينا ينفى عن نفسه القدرة على ما لا يقدر عليه البشر، قُلْ إِنَّما أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُوحى إِلَيَّ أَنَّما إِلهُكُمْ إِلهٌ واحِدٌ (الكهف 110). وهو لهذا لا يملك لنفسه أمرا، ولا يدرى من الغيب شيئا، قُلْ لا أَمْلِكُ لِنَفْسِي نَفْعاً وَلا ضَرًّا إِلَّا ما شاءَ اللَّهُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ لَاسْتَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَما مَسَّنِيَ السُّوءُ إِنْ أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ (الأعراف 188).
ولننصت إليه يتبرأ من قدرته على فعل ما ليس في طاقته، عند ما سألوه ما ليس فى طوقه، وَقالُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى تَفْجُرَ لَنا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ يَنْبُوعاً أَوْ تَكُونَ لَكَ جَنَّةٌ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَعِنَبٍ فَتُفَجِّرَ الْأَنْهارَ خِلالَها تَفْجِيراً أَوْ تُسْقِطَ السَّماءَ كَما زَعَمْتَ عَلَيْنا كِسَفاً أَوْ تَأْتِيَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْمَلائِكَةِ قَبِيلًا أَوْ يَكُونَ لَكَ بَيْتٌ مِنْ زُخْرُفٍ أَوْ تَرْقى فِي السَّماءِ وَلَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لِرُقِيِّكَ حَتَّى تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنا كِتاباً نَقْرَؤُهُ قُلْ سُبْحانَ رَبِّي هَلْ كُنْتُ إِلَّا بَشَراً رَسُولًا (الإسراء 90 - 93)، ومما يلحظ أنهم طالبوه بأمور يستحيل وجودها في الصحراء، من تفجير الأرض ينابيع وأنهارا، وانظر إليه كيف يعجب من أمرهم، وكيف يقرر في صراحة أنه ليس سوى بشر رسول. ولأنه بشر، يجوز أن يموت كما يموت سائر البشر، وَما مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ ماتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلى أَعْقابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلى عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئاً وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرِينَ (آل عمران 144). ولم يتميز محمد من البشر إلا بأنه كالرسل بشير ونذير، قُلْ ما كُنْتُ بِدْعاً مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَما أَدْرِي ما يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلا بِكُمْ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا ما يُوحى إِلَيَّ وَما أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ (الأحقاف 9). إِنَّا أَرْسَلْناكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيراً وَنَذِيراً وَلا تُسْئَلُ عَنْ أَصْحابِ الْجَحِيمِ (البقرة 119). وهو ليس إلا مذكّرا، لا سيطرة له على القلوب، ولا مقدرة عنده على تحويل الأفئدة، فَذَكِّرْ إِنَّما أَنْتَ مُذَكِّرٌ لَسْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمُصَيْطِرٍ (الغاشية 21، 22).
ومما أكده القرآن من صفات محمد الأمّية، يصفه بها في قوله: قُلْ يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعاً الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحيِي وَيُمِيتُ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَكَلِماتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ (الأعراف 158). ويبين حكمة اختياره أميا في قوله: وَما كُنْتَ تَتْلُوا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ مِنْ كِتابٍ وَلا تَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ إِذاً لَارْتابَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ (العنكبوت 48). وإذا كانت الأمية مما يعاب فهى المعجزة التى تحول بين رسالة النبى والشك فيها، ولو أنه كان يقرأ ويكتب، لكان للمبطلين مجال للرّيب في صدق رسالته.
والقرآن يعظم أمر الرسول، فيحدّثنا عن صلاة الله عليه والملائكة، إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيماً (الأحزاب 56). ويعظم من أمر مبايعته، حتى لكأن من يبايعه إنما يبايع الله، إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُبايِعُونَكَ إِنَّما يُبايِعُونَ اللَّهَ (الفتح 10). ويشهد له القرآن بالخلق القويم كما سبق أن نقلنا، وبأنه لا ينطق عن هوى النفس، ولا يميل إلى ضلالة ولا غواية، ويقسم على ذلك: وَالنَّجْمِ إِذا هَوى ما ضَلَّ صاحِبُكُمْ وَما غَوى وَما يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوى إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحى (النجم 1 - 4)، كما يقسم على رسالته فيقول: وَالْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِيمِ إِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ عَلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ تَنْزِيلَ الْعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ (يس 2 - 5). ويعدّد القرآن نعم الله عليه فيقول: أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ وَوَضَعْنا عَنْكَ وِزْرَكَ الَّذِي أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ وَرَفَعْنا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ (الشرح 1 - 4). أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيماً فَآوى وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدى وَوَجَدَكَ عائِلًا فَأَغْنى (الضحى 6 - 8). ويقسم له القرآن أن الله ما تخلى عنه وما قلاه، ويؤكد أن الذين يناصبونه العداء سيكبتون ويخذلون مذلولين، إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولئِكَ فِي الْأَذَلِّينَ (المجادلة 20). ويحذر المؤمنين من معصيته، يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذا تَناجَيْتُمْ فَلا تَتَناجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوانِ وَمَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ (المجادلة 9). ويأمرهم بأن يقفوا عند الحدود التى رسمها الرسول، ولا يبطلوا أعمالهم بعصيانه، يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَلا تُبْطِلُوا أَعْمالَكُمْ (محمد 33). وَما آتاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَما نَهاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا (الحشر 7). وَما كانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْراً أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلالًا مُبِيناً (الأحزاب 36). ويؤكد لهم أنهم لن يكونوا مؤمنين حقا حتى يجدوا العدالة المطلقة في أحكامه، ولا يجدوا فيها غضاضة ولا حرجا في نفوسهم، ويقسم على ذلك قائلا: فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيما شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجاً مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيماً (النساء 65). ذلك أنه لا ينطق عن الهوى، إن هو إلا وحى يوحى.
وإذا كان محمد رسولا، فله حرمته ومنزلته الاجتماعية، ومن الواجب احترامه، فلا يليق أن ينادى باسمه، كما ينادى الناس بعضهم بعضا، ولا أن ترتفع أصواتهم فوق صوته، يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْواتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ وَلا تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ أَنْ تَحْبَطَ أَعْمالُكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لا تَشْعُرُونَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصْواتَهُمْ
عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُولئِكَ الَّذِينَ امْتَحَنَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ لِلتَّقْوى لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُنادُونَكَ مِنْ وَراءِ الْحُجُراتِ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْقِلُونَ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ صَبَرُوا حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ إِلَيْهِمْ لَكانَ خَيْراً لَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
(الحجرات 2 - 5). ولا تَجْعَلُوا دُعاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضاً (النور 63). وفي تربية الشعب على احترام الرسول ما يدفعهم إلى طاعته، فإن الطاعة أساسها الاحترام كما وضع القرآن أساسها الثانى وهو الحب، بما وصف القرآن به محمدا من حبّ لهداية قومه، وحدب عليهم، ورحمة بهم ورأفة، وشوق ملح إلى هدايتهم، حتى صح للقرآن أن يقول: فَلَعَلَّكَ باخِعٌ نَفْسَكَ عَلى آثارِهِمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَسَفاً (الكهف 6). وهكذا بنى القرآن الطاعة على أساسين من الحب والاحترام معا.
ويؤيد القرآن رسالة محمد بشهادة الله الذى لا يشهد بغير الحق، وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُهُ (المنافقون 1). وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَسْتَ مُرْسَلًا قُلْ كَفى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيداً بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ وَمَنْ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْكِتابِ (الرعد 43). لكِنِ اللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِما أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْكَ أَنْزَلَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ وَكَفى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيداً (النساء 166). وبأن عيسى قد بشر به قومه، وأخبرهم برسالته، وَإِذْ قالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ يا بَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ مُصَدِّقاً لِما بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مِنَ التَّوْراةِ وَمُبَشِّراً بِرَسُولٍ يَأْتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي اسْمُهُ أَحْمَدُ فَلَمَّا جاءَهُمْ بِالْبَيِّناتِ قالُوا هذا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ (الصف 6). وبأنه فيما أتى ليس بدعا، فقد أوحى الله إلى كثير من الرسل قبله، إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنا إِلَيْكَ كَما أَوْحَيْنا إِلى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَوْحَيْنا إِلى إِبْراهِيمَ وَإِسْماعِيلَ وَإِسْحاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْباطِ وَعِيسى وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهارُونَ وَسُلَيْمانَ وَآتَيْنا داوُدَ زَبُوراً (النساء 163).
وبأنه أمى ما كان يتلو قبله كتابا، ولا يخطه بيمينه. كما سبق أن ذكرنا، أوليس من يشهد الله له بالرسالة، ويبشر به رسول ذو كتاب، ويجرى على سنن من سبقه من الأنبياء- جديرا بأن يصدق إذا ادعى، وأن يطاع إذا أمر؟ ويناقش من أنكر رسالته، ويدفع دعاويهم في هدوء وقوّة معا، فأخبرنا القرآن مرّة أنهم كانوا ينسبون ما يعرفه محمد من قصص وأخبار وأحكام إلى عالم فارسى يعلمه، وما كان أسهل دحض تلك الدعوى بأن لسان من يدعون أنه يعلّم محمدا- أعجمى، أما هذا الكتاب فعربى مبين، وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّما يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ لِسانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَهذا لِسانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُبِينٌ (النحل 103). وحينا نسبوه إلى أنه سحر أو شعر أو كهانة، بَلْ قالُوا أَضْغاثُ أَحْلامٍ بَلِ افْتَراهُ بَلْ هُوَ شاعِرٌ (الأنبياء 5)، وَيَقُولُونَ أَإِنَّا لَتارِكُوا آلِهَتِنا لِشاعِرٍ مَجْنُونٍ (الصافات 36). فوجه القرآن أنظارهم إلى أن النظرة الصائبة تنفى عن القرآن السحر والشعر والكهانة، فللحق آياته البينات التى لا تشتبه بالسحر، وَإِذا تُتْلى عَلَيْهِمْ آياتُنا بَيِّناتٍ قالُوا ما هذا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَصُدَّكُمْ عَمَّا كانَ يَعْبُدُ آباؤُكُمْ وَقالُوا ما هذا إِلَّا إِفْكٌ مُفْتَرىً وَقالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلْحَقِّ لَمَّا جاءَهُمْ إِنْ هذا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ (سبأ 43). ونفى القرآن عن النبى قول الشعر والكهانة، وَما عَلَّمْناهُ الشِّعْرَ وَما يَنْبَغِي لَهُ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرٌ وَقُرْآنٌ مُبِينٌ (يس 69). وَما هُوَ بِقَوْلِ شاعِرٍ قَلِيلًا ما تُؤْمِنُونَ وَلا بِقَوْلِ كاهِنٍ قَلِيلًا ما تَذَكَّرُونَ (الحاقة 41، 42).
ومن أكبر ما أنكروه على الرسول أنهم وجدوه لا يمتاز على البشر في شىء فهو يأكل الطعام كما يأكلون، ويمشى في الأسواق يبيع ويشترى كما يمشون، وظنوا أنه لا يكون نبيا إلا إذا امتاز بملك ينذر الناس معه، أو أصبح غنيا غنى مطلقا عن الناس، فألقى إليه كنز، أو كانت له جنة يأكل منها، وقد حكى القرآن عنهم ذلك الحديث، وردّ عليهم ردّا رفيقا في قوله: وَقالُوا مالِ هذَا الرَّسُولِ يَأْكُلُ الطَّعامَ وَيَمْشِي فِي الْأَسْواقِ لَوْلا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ فَيَكُونَ مَعَهُ نَذِيراً أَوْ يُلْقى إِلَيْهِ كَنْزٌ أَوْ تَكُونُ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ يَأْكُلُ مِنْها وَقالَ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنْ تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلًا مَسْحُوراً انْظُرْ كَيْفَ ضَرَبُوا لَكَ الْأَمْثالَ فَضَلُّوا فَلا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلًا تَبارَكَ الَّذِي إِنْ شاءَ جَعَلَ لَكَ خَيْراً مِنْ ذلِكَ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهارُ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكَ قُصُوراً (الفرقان 7 - 10). فهو يشير في رفق إلى أن الحكمة إنما هى فى أن يساوى الرسول الشعب في الاحتياج، حتى لا يكون امتيازه على الناس في أمور لا تتصل بالرسالة، ولا دخل لها في النبوة، وحتى يبقى تقويم الرسول بعيدا عن زخارف الحياة وما ليس من صميم الرسالة، فقد يتهيأ الغنى الفاحش لفرد من الناس، من غير أن يجلب له ذلك رسالة ولا نبوّة ولو أراد الله لفعل للرسول ما اقترحوه وزاد عليه، ولكن الخير والحكمة فيما كان، أما ما اقترحوه من نزول الملك مع الرسول فقد رد عليه في قوله: وَقالُوا لَوْلا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ وَلَوْ أَنْزَلْنا مَلَكاً لَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ ثُمَّ لا يُنْظَرُونَ وَلَوْ جَعَلْناهُ مَلَكاً لَجَعَلْناهُ رَجُلًا وَلَلَبَسْنا عَلَيْهِمْ ما يَلْبِسُونَ (الأنعام 8، 9). ألا ترى أن نزول الملك كما اقترحوا لا يدع لهم فرصة التفكير بعد نزوله، ومن الخير أن يترك لهم مجال التدبّر وتقليب الأمر على وجوهه، وإنزال الملك لن يحل المشكل، لأنه سيكون في هيئة رجل، ويلتبس الأمر كما لو كان الرسول رجلا والقرآن برغم ذلك، يوحى بأن الرسول كانت عنده رغبة ملحة في أن يحقق لهم بعض ما اقترحوه ليؤمنوا، ولتجتمع كلمتهم على الدين، حتى صحّ للقرآن أن يقول للرسول: وَإِنْ كانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيْكَ إِعْراضُهُمْ فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَبْتَغِيَ نَفَقاً فِي الْأَرْضِ أَوْ سُلَّماً فِي السَّماءِ فَتَأْتِيَهُمْ بِآيَةٍ وَلَوْ شاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى الْهُدى فَلا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْجاهِلِينَ (الأنعام 35).
ويقول في أخرى: فَلَعَلَّكَ تارِكٌ بَعْضَ ما يُوحى إِلَيْكَ وَضائِقٌ بِهِ صَدْرُكَ أَنْ يَقُولُوا لَوْلا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ كَنْزٌ أَوْ جاءَ مَعَهُ مَلَكٌ إِنَّما أَنْتَ نَذِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ (هود 12).
وكانت صفة البشرية حائلة دون الايمان به، ومدعاة للهزء بالرسول والسخرية به، فَقالُوا أَبَشَراً مِنَّا واحِداً نَتَّبِعُهُ إِنَّا إِذاً لَفِي ضَلالٍ وَسُعُرٍ (القمر 24). وَلَئِنْ أَطَعْتُمْ بَشَراً مِثْلَكُمْ إِنَّكُمْ إِذاً لَخاسِرُونَ (المؤمنون 34). وقد رد الله تلك الدعوى بأن الحكمة تقضى بأن الرسول يكون من جنس المرسل إليهم، ليكون أدنى إلى نفوسهم، يألفونه ويسهل اتصالهم به، ولو أن في الأرض ملائكة يسكنونها، ما أرسل الله إليهم رسولا، سوى ملك من جنسهم، قال سبحانه: وَما مَنَعَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا إِذْ جاءَهُمُ الْهُدى إِلَّا أَنْ قالُوا أَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ بَشَراً رَسُولًا قُلْ لَوْ كانَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَلائِكَةٌ يَمْشُونَ مُطْمَئِنِّينَ لَنَزَّلْنا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ السَّماءِ مَلَكاً رَسُولًا (الإسراء 94 - 95).
وعند ما تعرّض القرآن للاستهزاء بالرسول، كان لا يعنيه كثيرا الردّ على ما يتعلق بشخص الرسول، بل ينتقل مباشرة إلى صميم الدعوى يناقشهم فيها، ويحدثهم عن مغبّة كفرهم، قال تعالى: وَإِذا رَآكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ يَتَّخِذُونَكَ إِلَّا هُزُواً أَهذَا الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ آلِهَتَكُمْ وَهُمْ بِذِكْرِ الرَّحْمنِ هُمْ كافِرُونَ خُلِقَ الْإِنْسانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ سَأُرِيكُمْ آياتِي فَلا تَسْتَعْجِلُونِ وَيَقُولُونَ مَتى هذَا الْوَعْدُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صادِقِينَ لَوْ يَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا حِينَ لا يَكُفُّونَ عَنْ وُجُوهِهِمُ النَّارَ وَلا عَنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ وَلا هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ بَلْ تَأْتِيهِمْ بَغْتَةً فَتَبْهَتُهُمْ فَلا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ رَدَّها وَلا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ (الأنبياء 36 - 40). ألا تراه قد مرّ مرّ الكرام باستهزائهم بالرسول، وكأنه لغو لا يؤبه له، ولا يستحق الالتفات إليه، ولا التّنبّه لشأنه، وانتقل من ذلك إلى الحديث عما يعنى القرآن بشأنه، من الحديث عن الله واليوم الآخر، وما ينتظرهم من عذاب كان جديرا به أن يصرفهم عن التمادى في الباطل، لو أنهم فكروا في الأمر وتدبّروا العاقبة، ويقول في موضع آخر: وَإِذا رَأَوْكَ إِنْ يَتَّخِذُونَكَ إِلَّا هُزُواً أَهذَا الَّذِي بَعَثَ اللَّهُ رَسُولًا إِنْ كادَ لَيُضِلُّنا عَنْ آلِهَتِنا لَوْلا أَنْ صَبَرْنا عَلَيْها وَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ حِينَ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذابَ مَنْ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا أَرَأَيْتَ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ إِلهَهُ هَواهُ أَفَأَنْتَ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ وَكِيلًا أَمْ تَحْسَبُ أَنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ أَوْ يَعْقِلُونَ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا كَالْأَنْعامِ بَلْ هُمْ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا (الفرقان 41 - 44). وهو هنا أيضا ينتقل إلى صميم الدعوى، فيتحدث عن اتخاذهم الهوى إلها، وأنهم لا يستخدمون آذانهم وعقولهم فيما خلقت لأجله، فصاروا بذلك أضل سبيلا من الأنعام.
ويهوّن القرآن على الرسول أمر الاستهزاء به وتكذيبه، فحينا يخبره بأن ذلك دأب الرّسل، يكذّبون برغم ما يجيئون به من البينات والهدى، ويؤكد له مرة بأن هؤلاء الساخرين سينالهم ما نبّئوا بنزوله بهم، وكانوا يسخرون ولا يطيعون، فيقول للرسول: فَإِنْ كَذَّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كُذِّبَ رُسُلٌ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ جاؤُ بِالْبَيِّناتِ وَالزُّبُرِ وَالْكِتابِ الْمُنِيرِ (آل عمران 184). وَلَقَدِ اسْتُهْزِئَ بِرُسُلٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ فَحاقَ بِالَّذِينَ سَخِرُوا مِنْهُمْ ما كانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِؤُنَ (الأنعام 10).
وينذر القرآن المكذبين والمستهزئين بأن عاقبتهم كعاقبة من كذّب الرسل من قبل: أخذ شديد وعقاب أليم، وهنا يلجأ القرآن إلى غريزة المحافظة على النفس، فيصوّر رفض الدعوة والتكذيب لها معرّضا أنفسهم للتهلكة، وجالبا الوبال عليها، فماذا تكون النتيجة إذا هم أصرّوا على كفرهم؟ أضمنوا أعمارا طويلة، يصلحون فيها ما كانوا قد أفسدوه؟ أَوَلَمْ يَنْظُرُوا فِي مَلَكُوتِ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَما خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَأَنْ عَسى أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ اقْتَرَبَ أَجَلُهُمْ فَبِأَيِّ حَدِيثٍ بَعْدَهُ يُؤْمِنُونَ (الأعراف 185). أأمنوا مكر الله؟ أم اطمأنوا إلى أن القيامة لن تأتيهم فجأة؟ أَفَأَمِنُوا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمْ غاشِيَةٌ مِنْ عَذابِ اللَّهِ أَوْ تَأْتِيَهُمُ السَّاعَةُ بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لا يَشْعُرُونَ (يوسف 107). إنهم بنهيهم عنه، ونأيهم عنه لا يضرون إلا أنفسهم ولا يهلكون غيرها، وَهُمْ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَما يَشْعُرُونَ (الأنعام 26). ولن يضرّ الرسول بكفرهم، فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّما عَلَيْكَ الْبَلاغُ الْمُبِينُ (النحل 82). فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا فَما أَرْسَلْناكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظاً إِنْ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا الْبَلاغُ (الشورى 48).
أوليس في قصر أمر الرسول على البلاغ، ما يدفعهم إلى التفكير في أمر هذه الدعوة التى لن يحمل عبء أضرار رفضها غيرهم، والتى يتحمّل الرسول المشاق فى سبيل إذاعتها، لا يبغى من وراء ذلك أجرا، ولا يريد إلا أن تصل الهداية إلى قلوبهم، قُلْ ما سَأَلْتُكُمْ مِنْ أَجْرٍ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَى اللَّهِ وَهُوَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (سبأ 47).
وإن في تنزّه الرسول عن الغرض المادىّ، وإخلاصه في دعوتهم وإرشادهم، لبعثا لهم على تدبر أمر هذه الدعوة المبرأة من الهوى والغرض، والنفس بطبيعتها تنقاد لمثل هذه الدعوة وتؤمن بها. وقد دعاهم القرآن إلى التفكير في شأن الرسول، فرادى وجماعات، ليقلبوا أمره على وجوهه، ويتفكروا أبه جنّة أو شذوذ؟ وسوف يصلون إذا فكروا إلى أنه نذير لهم بين يدى عذاب شديد.
ويمضى القرآن محببا لهم إجابة دعوة محمد، مبينا طبيعتها، وأنها توافق الإنسانية السليمة، فهو لا يأمر إلا بما تعترف به النفوس الصحيحة ولا ينهى إلا عما تنكره، ولا يحلّ سوى الطّيب، ولا يحرّم سوى الخبيث، وأنه يعمل على تخليصهم من عادات ثقيلة على النفوس، وقيود كانت تغل حياتهم، وقد خفف الإسلام كثيرا من القيود التى كانت على أهل الكتاب، يقول الله: الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوباً عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْراةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّباتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلالَ الَّتِي كانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ أُولئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (الأعراف 157). أما الأميون، وقد كانوا في ضلال مبين فإنه يعلمهم الكتاب والحكمة ويهديهم، هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ يَتْلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ آياتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَإِنْ كانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ لَفِي ضَلالٍ مُبِينٍ (الجمعة 2). ويجعل طريق حب الله ونيل رضوانه اتباع منهجه والاقتداء به، قُلْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُحِبُّونَ اللَّهَ فَاتَّبِعُونِي يُحْبِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (آل عمران 31). ومن أطاعه فسيكون مع من أنعم الله عليهم من أكرم الرفقاء، وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُولئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَداءِ وَالصَّالِحِينَ وَحَسُنَ أُولئِكَ رَفِيقاً (النساء 69). ومن آمن وعمل صالحا فسوف يورّثه الله الأرض، ويمكن له دينه، ويبدله بالخوف أمنا وطمأنينة، وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضى لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْناً (النور 55).
ولا يكتفى القرآن بالوعد المحبوب حين طلب إليهم طاعة الرسول، بل أنذرهم وأوعدهم، وأكّد لهم أن النهاية ستكون نصرا مؤزرا للرسول أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ مَنْ يُحادِدِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَأَنَّ لَهُ نارَ جَهَنَّمَ خالِداً فِيها (التوبة 63). ويقول: فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ (النور 63). إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ
وَرَسُولَهُ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذاباً مُهِيناً
(الأحزاب 57). ويخاطب الرسول قائلا:
وَلَقَدْ كُذِّبَتْ رُسُلٌ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ فَصَبَرُوا عَلى ما كُذِّبُوا وَأُوذُوا حَتَّى أَتاهُمْ نَصْرُنا وَلا مُبَدِّلَ لِكَلِماتِ اللَّهِ وَلَقَدْ جاءَكَ مِنْ نَبَإِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (الأنعام 34). وينزل القرآن إلى أعماق نفوسهم، فيحدثنا عن شكوكهم التى تنتابهم، فهم يقولون في أغوار قلوبهم: إذا كان محمد على صواب، ونحن على خطأ، فلم يدعنا الله أحرارا في هذه الحياة ولا يعذبنا بسبب هذه التّصرّفات، والله ينبئهم بأن جهنم مصيرهم المنتظر، أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوى ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِما نُهُوا عَنْهُ وَيَتَناجَوْنَ بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوانِ وَمَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ وَإِذا جاؤُكَ حَيَّوْكَ بِما لَمْ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ اللَّهُ وَيَقُولُونَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ لَوْلا يُعَذِّبُنَا اللَّهُ بِما نَقُولُ حَسْبُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ يَصْلَوْنَها فَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ (المجادلة 8).
ويعلم القرآن ما لحوادث التاريخ من الأثر في النفوس، ولذا أكثر، فى معرض الأمر بطاعة الرسول، من توجيه أنظارهم إلى من كذّب من الماضين كيف كانت عاقبتهم، فلعلهم يتّعظون بها، فيسأل: أَوَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كانَ عاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ كانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ كانُوا هُمْ أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً وَآثاراً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَأَخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَما كانَ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ واقٍ ذلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كانَتْ تَأْتِيهِمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّناتِ فَكَفَرُوا فَأَخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ قَوِيٌّ شَدِيدُ الْعِقابِ (غافر 21، 22). ويقصّ عليهم قصص الماضين كقوله: فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا فَقُلْ أَنْذَرْتُكُمْ صاعِقَةً مِثْلَ صاعِقَةِ عادٍ وَثَمُودَ إِذْ جاءَتْهُمُ الرُّسُلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ قالُوا لَوْ شاءَ رَبُّنا لَأَنْزَلَ مَلائِكَةً فَإِنَّا بِما أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ كافِرُونَ فَأَمَّا عادٌ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَقالُوا مَنْ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةً أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُمْ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً وَكانُوا بِآياتِنا يَجْحَدُونَ فَأَرْسَلْنا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحاً صَرْصَراً فِي أَيَّامٍ نَحِساتٍ لِنُذِيقَهُمْ عَذابَ الْخِزْيِ فِي الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا وَلَعَذابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَخْزى وَهُمْ لا يُنْصَرُونَ وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْناهُمْ فَاسْتَحَبُّوا الْعَمى عَلَى الْهُدى فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ صاعِقَةُ الْعَذابِ الْهُونِ بِما كانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ وَنَجَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكانُوا يَتَّقُونَ (فصلت 13 - 18).
ولم يأل القرآن جهدا في تصوير من لا يستجيب إلى دعوة محمد في صورة ينفر منها العاقل، ويأنف من أن تكون صورته، فحينا يرسمهم أمواتا لا يعون، صما لا يسمعون، عميا لا يبصرون، فيقول: وَما يَسْتَوِي الْأَحْياءُ وَلَا الْأَمْواتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسْمِعُ مَنْ يَشاءُ وَما أَنْتَ بِمُسْمِعٍ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ إِنْ أَنْتَ إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ (فاطر 22، 23).
وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ أَفَأَنْتَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ وَلَوْ كانُوا لا يَعْقِلُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْكَ أَفَأَنْتَ تَهْدِي الْعُمْيَ وَلَوْ كانُوا لا يُبْصِرُونَ (يونس 42، 43).
وأكثر القرآن من أمر الرسول بالصّبر، وهو خليقة أولى العزم من الرسل فقال:
فَاصْبِرْ كَما صَبَرَ أُولُوا الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَلا تَسْتَعْجِلْ لَهُمْ (الأحقاف 35). وقال: وَاصْبِرْ لِحُكْمِ رَبِّكَ فَإِنَّكَ بِأَعْيُنِنا (الطور 48). وقال: وَاصْبِرْ وَما صَبْرُكَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ وَلا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ (النحل 127). وقال: وَاصْبِرْ عَلى ما يَقُولُونَ وَاهْجُرْهُمْ هَجْراً جَمِيلًا (المزمل 10). إلى غير ذلك من كثير الآيات التى تدعو الرسول إلى الصبر، وتحثه عليه، ولا ريب أن دعوة دينية جديدة تتطلب زادا لا ينفد من الصبر على المكروه حتى تنجح وتؤتى ثمارها.
أما المنهج الذى رسمه القرآن، لكى ينهجه محمد في دعوته، فقد بينه في قوله:

رسل

1 رَسِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَلٌ and رَسَالَ, He (a camel) was, or became, easy in pace. (M, K.) b2: Also, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَلٌ (Az, Az, Msb, K) and رَسَالَةٌ, as above, (Az, Az, K,) It (hair) became lank, not crisp; (Msb, K;) and so ↓ استرسل: (S, K:) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) لَا يَجِبُ مِنَ البِّحْيَةِ ↓ غَسْلُ مَا اسْتَرْسَلَ means [The washing] of what hangs down, and descends, [of the beard,] from the chin [is not requisite, or necessary, or incumbent]. (Mgh.) A2: [Golius says, as on the authority of the KL, that رَسَلَ signifies Nuncium misit: but what I find in the KL is, that رَسُولٌ, as an inf. n., signifies the bringing a message (پيغام بردن) : whence it seems that رَسَلَ means he brought a message.]2 تَرْسِيلٌ, in reading, or reciting, (Msb, K,) i. q. تَرْتِيلٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) Easy [or leisurely] utterance; without haste: (Yz, Msb, TA:) or, as some say, with consecution of the parts, or portions: (TA:) and ↓ تَرَسُّلٌ therein signifies the same: (Yz, Msb:) or فِى ↓ تَرَسَّلَ قِرّآءَتِهِ signifies he proceeded in a leisurely manner in his reading, or reciting, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and was grave, staid, sedate, or calm, (Mgh,) and endeavoured to understand, without raising his voice much. (TA.) It is said in a trad., كَانَ فِى كَلَامِهِ تَرْسِيلٌ i. e. تَرْتِيلٌ [There was in his (Mohammad's) speech an easy, or a leisurely, utterance]. (TA.) And in another trad. it is said, وَإِذَا أَقَمْتَ فَاحْذِمْ ↓ إذَا أَذَّنْتَ فَتَرَسَّلْ [expl. in art. حذم]. (Mgh.) A2: See also 4, last sentence but one.

A3: رَسَّلْتُ فُصْلَانِى, inf. n. تَرْسِيلٌ, I gave to drink [to my young camels, or my young weaned camels,] رِسْل (K, TA,) i. e. milk. (TA.) 3 راسلهُ (S, MA,) inf. n. مُرَاسَلَةٌ, (S,) He sent a message, and a letter, or an epistle, to him, (MA, PS,) the latter doing the like: (PS:) [he interchanged messages, and letters, with him.] Yousay, راسلهُ فِى كَذَا [He interchanged messages, or letters, with him, in relation to such a thing]: and بَيْنَهُمَا مُرَاسَلَاتٌ [Between them two are interchanges of messages, or of letters]. (TA.) and هَىَ تُرَاسِلُ الخُطَّابَ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with those who demand women in marriage]. (M, K.) And تُرَاسِلُهُ بِالخُطَّابِ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with him by means of those who demand women in marriage]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] راسلهُ فِى نِضَالٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ [He acted interchangeably, or alternated, with him in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance]. (S.) And راسلهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ, and العَمَلِ, He relieved him, or aided him, in singing, and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the latter was unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the latter person was unable to continue it; or he so relieved, or aided, him in singing with a high voice: or راسلهُ فِى عَمَلِهِ he aided him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] or he followed him, or imitated him, in his work: (IAar, Msb:) and راسلهُ الغِنَآءَ he emulated him, or imitated him, [by alternating with him,] in the singing. (TA.) And راسلهُ فِى

القِرَآءَة He aided him, or assisted him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] in the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án &c. (MA.) 4 إِرْسَالٌ signifies The act of sending. (K, KL, &c.) Thus is explained إِرْسَالُ اللّٰهِ أَنْبِيَآءَهُ [i. e. God's sending his prophets.] (Th, TA.) You say, ↓ أَرْسَلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَالَةٍ (S) I sent such a one with a message. (PS.) And ↓ ارسل إِلَيْهِ رَسُولًا (MA, Msb *) He sent to him a message, or a letter, (MA,) or a messenger. (Msb.) b2: [The act of sending forth, or starting, a horse for a race: the discharging a thing; as, for instance, an arrow from a bow; and water, or the like, from a vessel &c. in which it was confined: the launching forth a ship or boat; letting it go; letting it take its course:] the act of setting loose or free; letting loose; loosing, unbinding, or liberating. (K.) You say ارسل الشَّىْءَ He set loose or free, &c., the thing. (M.) And أَرْسَلْتُ الطَّائِرَ مِنْ يَدِى I let go, or let loose, the bird from my hand. (Msb.) And [hence,] ارسل الحُرُوفَ [He uttered the letters]. (Mgh in art. رتل.) And ارسل الغِنَآءَ [He uttered the song; he sang]. (TA.) and ارسل الإِقَامَةَ [He chanted the اقامة]. (Msb in art. درج. [See أَدْرَجَ.]) And ارسل عَلَيْهِ لِسَانَهُ [(assumed tropical:) He let loose his tongue against him]. (A in art. برد.) and ارسل الكَلَامَ (assumed tropical:) He made the speech, or language, to be unrestricted. (Msb.) [In like manner,] إِرْسَالٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The making a thing, such as property, and a legacy, absolute, or unrestricted. (Mgh.) b3: [The act of letting down, letting fall, or making to hang down, the hair &c. You say, ارسلهُ, and ارسلهُ مِنْ أَعْلَى إِلَى أَسْفَلَ, He let it down, &c., or lowered it.] b4: (assumed tropical:) The act of leaving, leaving alone, or neglecting, (M, K,) a thing. (M.) [Hence,] one says, ارسلهُ عَنْ يَدِهِ (tropical:) He left, forsook, or deserted, him; or he abstained from, or neglected, aiding him, or assisting him. (TA.) b5: Also The act of making to have dominion, or authority, and power; making to have, or exercise, absolute dominion or sovereignty or rule, or absolute superiority of power or force; or giving power, or superior power or force. (M, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xix. 86], أَرْسَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ عَلَى

الكَافِرِينَ تَؤُزُّهُمْ أَزًّا, i. e. [We have made the devils to have dominion, &c., over the unbelievers, inciting them strongly to acts of disobedience; or] we have appointed, or prepared, the devils for the unbelievers, because of their unbelief; like as is said in the same [xliii. 35], نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا [“ We will appoint, or prepare, for him a devil ” as an associate]: this is the preferred explanation: [or it may be well rendered we have sent the devils against the unbelievers:] some say that the meaning is, we have left the devils to do as they please with the unbelievers, not withholding them, or preserving them, from acceptance from them. (Zj, M.) A2: ارسلوا [from رِسْلٌ] They had milk in their cattle: (S:) or their milk became much; as also ↓ رسّلوا, inf. n. تَرْسِيلٌ: (K:) or the latter signifies their milk and drink became much. (TA.) b2: Also [from رَسَلٌ] They became possessors of herds or flocks. (O, K. *) 5 ترسّل He acted, or behaved, gently, and deliberately, or leisurely, (M, K, TA,) and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness. (TA.) التَّرَسُّلُ فِى الأُمُورِ is The acting, or behaving, [gently, and] deliberately, or leisurely, and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness, in affairs. (TA.) See also 2, in three places. b2: التَّرَسُّلُ in riding is The extending one's legs upon the beast so as to let, or make, his clothes hang down loosely upon his legs: and in sitting, the crossing one's legs, and letting, or making, his clothes hang down loosely upon them and around him. (TA.) A2: ترسّلا بَيْنَ القَوْمِ [He acted as a رَسُول (or messenger) between the people]. (Msb and TA in art. الك.) 6 تراسلوا They sent, one to another, (MA, Msb, TA,) a message [or messages], (MA, Msb,) or a messenger [or messengers]. (Msb.) b2: Hence, تراسلوا فِى الغِنَآءِ [They relieved, or aided, one another alternately in singing;] i. e. they combined in singing, one beginning, and prolonging his voice, but being unable to continue long enough to accomplish the cadence, and therefore pausing, and another then taking up the strain, and then the first returning to the modulation, and so on to the end. (Msb.) لَا تَرَاسُلَ فِى الأَذَانِ means[in like manner] There shall be no relieving, or aiding, one another [alternately], i. e., no combining [of two or more persons, each performing a part alternately], in the chanting of the call to prayer. (Msb.) [In other cases likewise]

التَّرَاسُلُ signifies The doing the like of that which one's companion, or fellow, [or another,] does, in such a manner as that one follows another [alternately]. (Har p. 268.) 10 استرسل It (a thing) was, or became, loose, or slack; syn. سَلِسَ. (M, TA.) b2: Said of hair: see 1, in two places. [In like manner said of a tree, &c., It drooped; or was pendent. Said of a cheek, (to which its part. n. مُسْتَرْسِلٌ is applied as an epithet in the K voce أَسِيلٌ,) It was, or became, lank.] b3: الاِسْتِرْسَالُ in the pace of a beast is The going gently, deliberately, or leisurely. (TA.) [And you say, استرسلت الدَّابَّةٌ The beast went a gentle, deliberate, or leisurely, pace.]

b4: Also, [in other cases,] The being still, and steady. (TA.) b5: Hence, (TA,) استرسل إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) He acted, or behaved, towards him with freedom, boldness, forwardness, or presumptuousness, and with familiarity; syn. اِنْبَسَطَ, and اِسْتَأْنَسَ; (S, K, TA;) and was at ease, and confided in him, with respect to that which he told him: (TA:) or he acted forwardly, or impudently, towards him: he acted forwardly, impudently, freely, or familiarly, towards him, in the way of coquetry, or feigned disdain. (MA.) b6: And استرسل الدَّهْرُ فِيهِمْ فَأَفْنَاهُمْ [(assumed tropical:) Fate made free with them, and destroyed them]. (TA in art. بهل) A2: Also He said, Send thou to me the camels in droves (أَرْسَالًا [in the CK, erroneously, اِرْسالًا]); (K, TA;) ارسالا being with fet-h to the hemzeh; i. e. drove after drove: for the camels, when they come to the water, are numerous; and their tender brings them to the watering-trough thus; not all together, as in this case they would press together upon the watering-trough and not satisfy their thirst. (TA.) رَسْلٌ Easy; applied to a pace. (M, K.) b2: Easy in pace; applied to a he-camel: fem. with ة: (S, M, K:) or soft, or gentle, in pace; applied to a he-camel and to a she-camel: (Msb:) and ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, also, applied to a she-camel, has the former of these significations; and its pl. is مَرَاسِيلُ: (S, K:) or this pl. signifies light, or active, she-camels, that give thee what they have to give spontaneously; and رَسْلَةٌ is applied to one thereof: a she-camel is termed ↓ مِرْسَالٌ as being likened to the arrow thus called. (TA.) b3: Soft, and lax, or flaccid: [app. applied to a he-camel; for it is added,] one says نَاقَةٌ رَسْلَةٌ القَوَائِمِ, meaning A she-camel loose, or slack, [in the legs, and] soft in the joints [thereof]. (TA. [See also another meaning assigned to this phrase in what follows.]) b4: Applied to hair, i. q. ↓ مُسْتَرْسِلٌ; (S, K; in the CK مُرْسَل;) which means Lank; not crisp: (Mgh, Msb: [and so accord. to an explanation of استرسل in the S and K:]) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) b5: And رَسْلَةٌ, (M,) or رَسْلَةُ القَوائِمِ, [of which see an explanation in what precedes,] (L, TA,) and ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, applied to a she-camel, (M, L, TA,) Having much hair, (M,) or much and long hair, (L, TA,) upon her shanks, or hind legs (فِى سَاقِيْهَا): (M, L, TA:) but in the K, رَسْلَةٌ and ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [not مِرْسَالٌ] are explained as epithets applied to a woman, meaning having much and long hair upon her shanks. (TA.) b6: Also sing. of ↓ رِسَالٌ, (TA,) which signifies The legs of a camel: (Az, S, K, TA:) so called because of their length. (Az, TA.) A2: See also مُرَاسِلٌ.

A3: And see the paragraph here next following.

رِسْلٌ Gentleness; and a deliberate, or leisurely, manner of acting or behaving; as also ↓ رِسْلَةٌ; (M, K;) [and perhaps ↓ رَسْلٌ and ↓ رَسْلَةٌ; for] one says اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَكَذَا عَلَى رِسْلِكَ (S, Mgh, * Msb, * CK * [but not in my MS. copy of the K nor in the copies used by SM]) and رَسْلِكَ and رَسْلَتِكَ, (CK, [but likewise wanting in MS. copies of the K,]) i. e. [Do thou such and such things] at thine ease; (Msb;) or act thou gently, deliberately, or leisurely, (S, Mgh, K, *) in doing such and such things; like as one says, عَلَى هِينَتِكَ. (S.) Sakhr-el-Ghei says, when despairing of his companions' overtaking him, his enemies surrounding him, and he feeling sure of slaughter, (M,) لَوْ أَنَّ حَوْلِى مِنْ قُرَيْمٍ رَجْلَا بِيضَ الوَجُوهِ يَحْمِلُونَ النَّبْلَا

لَمَنَعُونِى نَجْدَةً أَوْ رِسْلَا (Skr, M, *) i. e. [If there were around me, of the family of Kureym, men on foot, fair in the faces (app. meant tropically), bearing arrows, they would defend me] by violent means or by gentle means: (Skr:) or with fighting or without fighting. (M.) [See also a phrase cited from a trad. in what follows of this paragraph.] One says also, ↓ جَاؤُوا رِسْلَةً رِسْلَةً They came company by company. (M.) b2: And A soft, gentle, saying or speech. (TA.) A2: Also Milk, (S, M, K,) of whatever sort it be: (M, K:) or, accord. to the Towsheeh, fresh milk. (TA.) One says, كَثُرَ الرِّسْلُ العَامَ, meaning Milk has become abundant this year: and the people of the desert assert that, when this is the case, dates are few; and that, when dates are abundant, milk is scarce. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad. [respecting the giving of the poor-rate], إِلَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى فِى نَجْدَتِهَا وَرِسْلِهَا, (S, TA,) which is explained in two different ways: (TA:) [J says that] it is from رِسْلٌ in the sense first explained above; meaning straitness and plenty; i. e. Except him who gives when they are fat and goodly, when it is difficult, or hard, to their owner to give them forth, and when they are lean, [or] in a middling condition: (S:) and A'Obeyd says the like; and that it is similar to the saying, قَالَ فُلَانٌ كَذَا عَمَّا رِسْلِهِ, meaning Such a one said such a thing holding it (the saying) in light estimation: others say that it is from رِسْلٌ signifying “ milk; ” which A'Obeyd disallows: IAth says that what is meant by نجدة is straitness and drought or barrenness or dearth; and by رسل, plenty, and abundance of herbage or the like; because رسل, i. e. milk, is plentiful only in the case of abundance of herbage; so that the meaning is, except him who gives forth the due of God in the case of straitness and in that of plenty. (TA.) A3: The رِسْلَانِ of a horse are The extremities of the عَضُدَانِ [or two arms]. (M, K. *) رَسَلٌ Camels: (M, K:) thus expl. by A'Obeyd, without any epithet: (M:) or a drove, or herd, or a distinct collection or number, of camels, (S, M, * Msb, K,) and of sheep or goats, (S, K,) accord. to ISk from ten to twenty-five, (TA,) or the رَسَل of the watering-trough is at least ten, and extending to twenty-five; and the word is masc. and fem.; (M;) and also (assumed tropical:) of horses or horsemen; (S;) applied to (tropical:) a company of men (Mgh, Msb) as being likened to a drove, or herd, of camels: (Msb:) and also a distinct collection or number of any things: (M, K:) pl. أَرْسَالٌ. (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) A rájiz says, يَا ذَائِدَيْهَا خَوِّصَا بِأَرْسَالْ وَلَا تَذُودَاهَا ذِيَادَ الضُّلَّالْ

[O ye two drivers of them, water some before others, by droves, and drive them not with the driving of those who err from the right way]: (S, TA:) i. e. bring near your camels some after some, and do not let them crowd upon the water-ing-trough. (TA.) And one says, جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَلًا The camels came [in a drove, or] following one another. (IAmb, TA.) And جَآءَتِ الخَيْلُ أَرْسَالًا, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [The horses, or horsemen, came] in successive distinct companies. (S, TA.) And جَاءُوا أَرْسَالًا (tropical:) They (men) came in successive companies. (Msb. [And the like is said in the Mgh and in the TA.]) وَقِيرٌ كَثِيرُ الرَّسَلِ قَلِيلُ الرِّسْلِ, occurring in a trad. relating to a drought, is said by IKt to mean [A collection of sheep or goats] of which many were sent to the pasture, i. e. many in number, but having little milk but the more probable explanation of كثير الرسل is that of El-'Odhree, who says that it means much dispersed in search of pasture: for the trad. relates that the camels had died, notwithstanding their ability to endure drought: how then should the sheep or goats be safe, and increase so as to become numerous? (IAth, TA.) b2: Also Animals, or beasts, having milk. (M, TA.) رُسُلٌ A young girl, that has not worn the [muffler, or veil, called] خَمَار. (K.) A2: Also a pl. of رَسُولٌ. (S, M, &c.) رَسْلَةٌ A soft, or delicate condition of life: you say, هُمْ فِى رَسْلَةٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ They are in a soft, or delicate, condition of life. (M.) b2: and Heaviness, sluggishness, laziness, or indolence: (M, K:) you say رَجُلٌ فِيهِ رَسْلَةٌ A man in whom is heaviness, &c. (M.) b3: See also رِسْلٌ, first sentence.

رِسْلَةٌ: see رِسْلٌ, in two places.

رِسَالٌ: see رَسْلٌ (of which it is the pl.), near the end of the paragraph: A2: and see also مُرَاسِلٌ.

رَسُولٌ i. q. رِسَالَةٌ: (S, M, K:) see the latter, in five places. b2: Hence, as meaning ذُو رَسُولٍ, i. e. ذُو رِسَالَةٍ [One who has a message; i. e. a messenger]; (TA;) i. q. ↓ مُرْسَلٌ, (S, M, K,) meaning one sent with a message; (S;) of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ [or rather مُفْعَلٌ]: (Msb:) [and often meaning an apostle of God; and with the article ال especially applied to Mohammad:] accord. to IAmb, its meaning in the proper language of the Arabs is one who carries on by consecutive progressions the relation of the tidings of him who has sent him; taken from the phrase جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَلًا, meaning “ The camels came following one another: ” and the saying of the Muëdhdhin, أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللّٰه means I know [or acknowledge] and declare that Mohammad is the relater by consecutive progressions of the tidings from God: (TA:) [or, as commonly understood, I testify that Mohammad is the apostle of God:] a رَسُول is also called ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, as being likened to the arrow thus termed: (TA:) the pl. of رَسُولٌ is رُسُلٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and رُسْلٌ (S, Msb) and رُسَلَآءٌ, (M, K,) which last is from IAar, (M,) or Fr, (Sgh,) and أَرْسُلٌ, (M, K,) which [is a pl. of pauc., and] occurs in the saying of the Hudhalee, لَوْكَانَ فِى قَلْبِى كَقَدْرِ قُلَامَةٍ

حُبًا لِغَيْرِكِ قَدْ أَتَاهَا أَرْسُلِى

[Had there been in my heart as much as a nailparing of love for another than thee, my messengers (or, accord. to the TA, app., my messages) had come to her]: respecting which IJ says that he has given to رَسُولٌ this form of pl., which is [regularly] proper to feminines [of this class of words, consisting of four letter whereof the third is a letter of prolongation], such as أَتَانٌ and عَنَاقٌ and عُقَابٌ, because women are meant thereby, as they, generally, are the persons required to serve in cases of this kind: (M:) [for] رَسُولٌ is applied without variation to a male and a female, and to one [and to two] and to a pl. number; (S, M, Msb, K;) sometimes: (M:) i. e., it is allowable thus to apply it: (Msb:) hence, (S, K,) in the Kur [xxvi. 15], (S,) إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ [Verily we are the apostles of the Lord of the beings of the whole world]: (S, K:) MF says, in ch. xx. [verse 49], we find إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَبِّكَ [Verily we are the two apostles of thy Lord]; the dual form being here used: and Z says, in the Ksh, that in this instance it means the messengers, and therefore the dual form is necessarily used; but in ch. xxvi. it means the message, and therefore it is allowable to use it alike, when applying it as an epithet, as sing. and dual and pl.: Aboo-Is-hak the Grammarian says that the meaning here is, إِنَّا رِسَالَةٌ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ, i. e. ذَوُو رِسالَةِ [Verily we are those that have the message &c.]: (TA:) [but] رَسُولٌ [as meaning a messenger] is like عَدُوٌّ and صَديقٌ [&c.] in its being used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. [and dual] and pl.: (Sgh, TA:) Aboo-Dhu-eyb uses it in the sense of رُسُل in his saying, أَلِكْنِى إِلَيْهَا وَخَيْرُ الرَّسُو لِ أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِنَوَاحِى الخَبَرْ [Be thou my messenger to her: and the best of messengers is the most knowing of them in respect of the bounds, or limits, of the tidings]. (M.) See 4. The saying in the Kur [xxv. 39], وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ لَمَّ كَذَّبُوا الرُّسُلَ أَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ [lit. And the people of Noah, when they charged with lying the apostles, we drowned them], Zj says, may mean that they charged with lying Noah alone; for he who charges with lying a prophet charges therewith all the prophets, since they believe in God and in all his apostles; or the general term may be here used as meaning one; like as when you say, أَنْتَ مِمَّنْ يُنْفِقُ الدَّرَاهِمَ, meaning “ Thou art of those who expend the kind of things termed دراهم. ” (M.) b3: One says also, السِّهَامُ رُسُلُ المَنَايَا (tropical:) [Arrows are the messengers of death, or of the decrees of death]. (TA.) b4: See also the next paragraph.

رَسِيلٌ Easy: occurring in the saying of Jubeyhà El-Asadee, وَقُمْتُ رَسِيلًا بِالَّذِى جَآءَ يَبْتَغِى

إِلَيْهِ بَلِيجَ الوَجْهِ لَسْتُ بِبَاسِرِ [And I undertook, or managed, with ease, that which he came seeking to obtain; bright in countenance to him: I was not frowning]. (TA.) A2: Also A stallion-camel (K, * TA) of the Arabian race, that is sent among the شَوْل [or she-camels that have passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth] in order that he may leap them: one says, هٰذَا رَسِيلُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ

This is the stallion of the camels of the sons of such a one: and أَرْسَلَ بَنُو فُلَانٍ رَسِيلَهُمْ [The sons of such a one sent the stallion of their camels]: as though it were of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعَلٌ, from أَرْسَلَ. (TA.) b2: and accord. to some, A horse that is started with another in a race. (Har p. 544.) b3: [In the CK and in a MS. copy of the K, voce عَمُودٌ, it occurs as though meaning The scout, or emissary, or perhaps the advanced guard, of an army: but in other copies of the K, in this instance, accord. to the TA, and in the L, the word is رَئِيس.] b4: I. q. ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [as meaning one who interchanges messages or letters with another: see 3]. (S, K.) b5: The person who stands with thee (المُوَاقِفُ لَكَ [in the K (in which this explanation is erroneously assigned to ↓ رَسُولٌ) المُوَافِقُ لَكَ in a competition in shooting and the like: (M:) [i. e.] رَسِيلُ الرَّجُلِ signifies he who stands with the man, (يَقِفُ مَعَهُ, Har p. 544,) or he who acts interchangeably, or alternates, with the man, (يُرَاسِلُهُ, S,) in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance. (S and Har.) And, as also ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ, One who relieves, or aids, another, in singing and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the other is unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the other is unable to continue it; or one who so relieves, or aids, another in singing with a high voice; i. q. مُتَالٍ: or one who aids another, [or relieves him, by alternating with him,] or who follows him, or imitates him, in his work. (IAar, Msb.) One says, هُوَ رَسِيلُهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ وَنَحْوِهِ [He is the person who relieves him, or aids him, by alternating with him, in singing and the like thereof]. (TA.) b6: See also رِسَالَةٌ, in two places.

A3: Also Wide, or ample. (K.) b2: A thing little in quantity, or incomplete: الشَّىْءُ اللَّطِيفُ in the copies of the K should be الشَّىْءُ الطَّفِيفُ, as in the Moheet (TA.) b3: and Sweet water. (K.) رَسَالَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

رِسَالَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسَالَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ رَسُولٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسِيلٌ (Th, M, K) signify the same, (S, M, Msb, K,) A message; and a letter; (MA in explanation of the first, and KL in explanation of the first and third;) [a communication sent from one person or party to another, oral or written;] substs. from أَرْسَلَ

إِلَيْهِ: (M, K: *) the pl. of the first is رَسَائِلُ; (Msb;) and أَرْسُلٌ is pl. of ↓ رَسُولٌ in the sense of رِسَالَةٌ, and of the fem. gender. (TA. [See the former of the two verses cited voce رَسُولٌ.]) Yousay, أَرْسَلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَالَةٍ: (S:) and أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ

↓ رَسُولًا: (MA:) see 4. A poet says, (S,) namely El-Ash'ar El-Joafee, (TA,) ↓ أَلَا أَبْلغْ أَبَا عَمْرٍو رَسُولًا بِأَنِّى عَنْ فُتَاحَتِكُمْ غَنِىُّ [Now deliver thou to Aboo-' Amr a message, saying that I am in no need of your judging]: (S:) or بَنِى عَمْرٍو [the sons of ' Amr]: he means, عَنْ حُكْمكُمْ. (TA.) And hence the saying of Kutheiyir, لَقَدْ كَذَبَ الوَاشُونَ مَا بُحْتُ عِنْدَهُمْ

↓ بِسِرٍّ وَلَا أَرْسَلْتُهُمْ بِرَسُولِ [Assuredly the slanderers have lied: I revealed not in their presence a secret, nor did I send them with a message]: (S, TA:) or, as some relate the second hemistich, (TA,) ↓ بِلَيْلَى وَلَا أَرْسَلْتُهُمْ بِرَسِيلِ [i. e. I revealed not the case of Leyla, nor did I send them with a message]: thus cited by Th. (M, TA.) b2: رِسَالَةٌ also signifies [A tract, or small treatise or discourse;] a مَجَلَّة [i. e. book, or writing, relating to science, or on any subject.] comprising a few questions, inquiries, or problems, of one kind: pl. رَسَائِلُ. (TA.) b3: And Apostleship; the apostolic office or function. (MA.) b4: أُمُّ رِسَالَةَ [in a copy of the K أُمُّ رِسَالَةٍ] The رَخَمَة [or female of the vultur percnopterus, in the CK رَحْمَة]: (M, K, TA:) a surname thereof. (TA.) الرُّسَيْلَى A certain small beast or reptile or insect; expl. by the word دُوَيْبَّةٌ: (M, K, TA:) in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, الرُّسَيْلَآءُ. (TA.) رُسَيْلَاتٌ dim. of رسلات [i. e. رِسَلَاتٌ] pl. of رِسْلٌ [or rather of its syn. رِسْلَةٌ]: hence the saying, (TA,) أَلْقَى الكَلَامَ عَلَى رُسَيْلَاتِهِ, i. e. He held the saying, or speech, in light, or little, or mean, estimation; or in contempt. (M, K, TA.) الرَّاسِلَانِ The two shoulder-blades: or two veins therein: (M, K:) he who says that they are two veins in the two hands, (K,) pointing to what is found in the copies of the Mj of IF, [in which فِى الكَفَّيْنِ is put in the place of فى الكَتِفِيْنِ,] (TA,) is in error: (K:) or the وَابِلَتَانِ [q. v., a word variously explained]: (M, TA:) in the copies of the K, الرَّابِلَتَانِ is erroneously put for الوَابِلَتَانِ. (TA.) مُرْسَلٌ: see رَسُولٌ, second sentence. b2: Applied to a tradition (حَدِيثٌ), it means (assumed tropical:) Of which the ascription is not traced up so as to reach to its author: (Msb:) [i.e.] الأَحَادِيثُ المُرْسَلَةُ means the traditions which one relates as on the authority of a تَابِعِىّ, (K TA,) by tracing up the ascription thereof uninterruptedly to him, (TA,) when the تابعىّ says, “The Apostle of God (May God bless and save him) said,” without mentioning a صَحَابِىّ (K, TA) who heard it from the Apostle of God: (TA: [and the like is said in the Mgh:]) مَرَاسِيلُ is the [pl. or] quasi-pl. n. of مُرْسَلٌ thus used, [or rather used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like as مَنَاكِيرُ is of مُنْكَرٌ. (Mgh.) b3: In lexicology, it means, like مُنْقَطِعٌ, (assumed tropical:) That of which the series of transmitters is interrupted: as a word &c. handed down by IDrd as on the authority of Az [with whom he was not contemporary, without his mentioning the intermediate transmitters]: and such is not admitted [as unquestionable]; because exactness is a condition of the admission of what is transmitted, and the exactness of him who is not mentioned is not known. (Mz 4th نوع.) b4: مَجَازٌ مُرْسَلٌ: see art. جوز. b5: [See also the next paragraph.]

مُرْسَلَةٌ A قِلَادَة [or necklace], (M,) or a long قلادة, (IDrd, O, K,) that falls upon the bosom: (IDrd, M, O, K:) or a قلادة upon which are beads &c. (Yz, O, K.) b2: As used in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], (M,) المُرْسَلَاتُ means The winds (S, M, K, TA) that are sent forth, [by عُرْفًا, which follows it, being meant consecutively,] like [the several portions of] the mane of the horse: (TA:) or the angels [so sent forth]: (Th, S, M, K, TA:) or the horses (M, K, TA) that are started, [one following another,] in the racecourse. (TA.) مِرْسَالٌ One who sends the morsel [that he eats] into his fauces: or who throws forth the branch from his hand, (O, K,) when he goes in a place of trees, (O,) in order that he may hurt his companion. (O, K.) b2: A short arrow: (S, O:) or a small arrow. (K.) b3: See also رَسْلٌ, in three places. b4: And see رَسُولٌ.

مُرَاسِلٌ: see رَسْلٌ.

A2: See also رَسِيلٌ, in two places. b2: Also A woman who interchanges messages, or letters, with the men who demand women in marriage: or whose husband has become separated from her (M, K, TA) in any manner, (M, TA,) by his having died or his having divorced her: (TA:) or who has become advanced in age, (M, K, TA,) but has in her some remains of youth: (M, TA:) or whose husband has died, or who has perceived that he desires to divorce her, and who therefore adorns herself for another man, and interchanges messages, or letters, with him (S, K, * TA) by means of the men who demand women in marriage, (TA,) and who has in her some remains (K, TA) of youth; but this addition is more properly mentioned in a former explanation. (TA.) The subst. [app. meaning The state, or condition, of a woman such as is thus termed] is ↓ رِسَالٌ. (M, TA.) مُسْتَرْسِلٌ: see رَسْلٌ.

A2: مُسْتَرْسِلٌ لِلْمَوْتِ i. q. مُسْتَميتٌ and مُسْتَقْتلٌ [i. e. Seeking, or courting, death or slaughter; resigning, or subjecting, himself to death, and not caring for death]. (A and TA in art. موت.)

رسل: رَسَّل (بالتشديد): ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة spistola وهي تعني كتب رسائل رسمية بكلام مرسل من غير سجع أو بقليل من السجع حسب التعريف الذي نجده في المقدمة (3: 324). غير أنها تعني أيضاً: كتب رسائل رسمية بكلام مسجوع، انظر (عباد 1: 6 رقم 23، معجم البيان، حيان ص35 ق، تاريخ البربر 1: 429، 445، 540)، ومن هذا: الترسيل وهو ملكة كتابة هذه الرسائل (تاريخ البربر 1: 420). أرسل: بعث، يبحث. ويقال: أرسل عن فلان (انظر رسالة إلى فليشر ص38 حول استعمال أرسل عن). وفي حيّان - بسام (1: 10و): وكان قد بادَرَ في الإرسال عن جماعة من وزرائه (ص30 ق).
وأرسل الصائد: أثار الحيوانات المتوحشة التي لونها الشقرة أو الصحرة كالظباء والأيائل والأسود من مكمنها (معجم الطرائف).
تَرسَّل: تبادل الرُسُل، تبادل السفراء (المقري 1: 511).
تَرسَّل: تدل على نفس معنى رَسَّل الذي ذكرته من قبل (فوك، عباد 1: 7 رقم 23، الفخري ص388، ميرسخ ص6)، وفي النويري (أفريقية ص30 و): تعلَّم الخطَّ والترسَّل.
تراسل القوم: أرسل بعضهم إلى بعض رسائل (بوشر، فوك في مادة epistola) .
استرسل، مسترسلاً: متهاوناً، متغافلاً (المقري 2: 417).
استرسل: انهمك، انبسط. ففي المقري (2: 800): قد استرسل في اللَّذات وركن إلى الراحات، وانظر (2: 832). وفي المقدمة (2: 260): الانهماك في الشهوات واسترسال فيها. وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص18 ق): يسترسل في إطلاق عنان النادرة الحارَّة في مجالس حُكْمِه.
استرسل على وفي: ثابر على، استمر في، تمادى في، واظب على (فوك).
استرسل: أصيب بالزحار، تزحّر. ففي معجم المنصوري: خراطة هو ما ينجرد من المِعَي عند الاسترسال.
رَسْب ورُسْل ورُسُل (فوك) تجمع على أَرْسال ورُسُول: رَسُول، سفير (رسالة إلى السيد فلايشر ص73 - 74).
رَسْلَة: رويداً رويداً، بتأنٍّ (فوك).
رَسُول: حواري، مبشر (بوشر).
َسُول: ضابط مكلف بتنفيذ أحكام القضاء. ويوجد أيضاً ضباط تابعون له ملحقون بالمدرسة (مملوك 2، 1: 270).
رسول محكمة: مُرْسل المحكمة (ضابط) (بوشر).
رَسِيل: زميل، رفيق (بيان 2: 270).
رِسالة: هدية ترسل إلى شخص. ففي رياض النفوس (ص57 ق): أتبيعني هاتين السمكتين؟ لا حتى ولو دفعت فيهما ديناراً لأنهما معي رسالة، لمن؟ لأبي هارون الأندلسي.
وتستعمل كلمة رسول بمعنى الضابط المكلف بتنفيذ أحكام القضاء، ففي حكاية باسم الحداد (ص68): فقال القاضي صنعتك حدَّاد ومن أين لك الرسالة، فقال له: من أمس عبرت للرسالة.
رَسِيلة: خادمة؟ أمة؟ (ألف ليلة برسل 11: 376).
رَسُولي: نسبة إلى رسول بمعنى حواري (بوشر).
رَسُولِيَّة: رسالة، مهمة رسول أو حواري (بوشر). حمام رَسَائلي: حمام زاجل، حمام يقول بحمل الرسائل (مملوك 2، 2: 116).
رُسَّال، وتجمع على رَساسيل: هي في إسبانيا غديدة في طرف الجفن، بثرة صغيرة تتكون على طرف الجفن، شحاذ العين، جلجل (ألكالا)، وقد ترجمها إلى اللاتينية ب nuça وجمعها racicil غير أن الصواب ruçal وهي تحريف الكلمة الإسبانية orzuclo.
إِرْسالِيَّة: إرسال، بعث، رسالة (بوشر).
مُرْسَل، الكلام المرسل: نثر حر لا يتقيد بسجع (المقدمة 3: 322، ابن جبير ص2، المقري 3: 436، دي سلان المقدمة 1 ص38).
والحائط المرسل في صناعة البناء: هو الحائط الطويل المنفرد بنفسه كحائط السور ونحوه (محيط المحيط).
مَرْسل، ويجمع على مَراسيل: رسائل، ففي ترجمة ابن خلدون بقلمه (ص211 ق): إنشاء مخاطباته ومراسله.
مرسل عِوَض، في مصطلح التجارة: مسترد، ما يرسل عوضاً عن غيره من البيع (بوشر).
مُرْسَلَة: بيع بالجملة، بيع صُبرة (معجم الإدريسي).
مِرْسال: رسول، ساعٍ، مُرسل، وكيل، مبعوث (بوشر، محيط المحيط، ألف ليلة 4: 631). وفي معجم بوشر: والمرسال خالص الأجرة أي والعمولة مدفوعة.
مَرْسُول: رسول، مُرسل، سفير (ألكالا).
مَرْسُول: رَسُول، حواريّ (تقويم قرطبة ص66).
مُراسلة: يقال على ما لا يقع دفعة واحدة بل شيئاً بعد شيء (محيط المحيط).

نفش

1 نَفَشَ, (S, A,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. نَفْشٌ, (S, A, K,) He separated, or plucked asunder, or loosened, a thing, with his fingers, so that it became spread, or sparse, or dispersed; (A, K;) as also ↓ نفّش, inf. n. تَنْفِيشٌ: (S, K:) or the latter has an intensive signification: and accord. to some, the former signifies he separated a thing not difficult to separate, such as cotton and wool: or he pulled wool until its parts became separated, or plucked asunder, or loosened: (TA:) or he spread, or dispersed, a thing. (MF.) You say, نَفَشْتُ القُطْنَ and الصُّوفَ [I separated or plucked asunder, or loosened, with my fingers, &c., the cotton and the wool]. (S, A.) نَفْشٌ is likewise syn. with نَدْفٌ [the separating and loosening cotton by means of a bow and a wooden mallet]. (TA.) You also say, نَفَشَ الرَّطْبَةَ, inf. n. as above, meaning, He separated what was collected together, or compacted, in the [kind of trefoil called] رطبة. (TA.) And, of a cock, (T, S, in art. بول.) or of a حُبَارَى, (K, in that art.,) when about to fight, (T, K. ibid.,) نَفَشَ بُرَائِلَهُ [He ruffled the feathers around his neck]. (T, S, K, ibid.) A2: It is also intrans syn. with انتفش, q. v. (TA.) b2: [And hence,] نَفَشَتِ الغَنَمُ, (S, A, K,) and الإِبِلُ, (S, Msb, K,) accord. to IDrd the former only, but accord. to others the latter also, and in like manner one says of all beasts, though mostly of غَنَم, (TA,) aor. (S, Msb, K) and نَفِشَ, (S, K,) inf. n. نَفْشٌ, (Msb, K,) or نُفُوشٌ, (S,) or both: (TA;) and نَفشت, aor. ـَ (IAar. Sgh, K;) The sheep or goats, and the camels, pastured by night without a pastor: (S, Msb, K:) or without the knowledge of a pastor (TA:) or dispersed themselves by night: (A:) or dispersed themselves and pastured by night without knowledge [of the pastor]: or the sheep or goats entered among seed-produce: (TA:) occurring in the Kur, xxi. 78: (S, TA:) the subst. is نَفَشٌ, signifying their dispersion of themselves and pasturing by night without a pastor. (Msb.) 2 نَفَّشَ see 1, first signification.4 انفش الغَنَمَ, (S, A, K.) and الإِبِلَ, (S, K,) He (the pastor) sent the sheep or goats, and the camels, (K, * TA,) or left them, (S, TA,) to pasture by night without a pastor; (S, K, TA,) neglecting them: (TA:) or to disperse themselves by night. (A.) 5 تَنفّشت الهِرَّةُ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ انتفشت, (S, A,) The cat bristled up her hair. (S, A, K.) and in like manner you say of a hyena. (A, TA, *) And تنفّش الدِّيكُ, (A,) or الطَّاِئرُ, (K,) and ↓ انتفش, (A, TA,) The cock, (A,) or bird, (K,) ruffled, (A,) or shook, (K,) his feathers, as though he feared, (A, K,) or threatened, (A,) or trembled. (K.) 8 انتفش i. q. نَفَشَ used intransitively. [signifying It (a thing, or cotton, and wool, and the like,) became separated, or plucked asunder, or loosened, with the fingers, so that it became spread, or sparse, or dispersed; &c., being] quasi-pass. of نَفَشَ used transitively. (TA.) See also مُنْتَفِشٌ. And see 5, in two places.

نَفَشٌ Wool. (IAar, K.) b2: [Hence, app., the saying,] إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَحْمٌ فَنَفَشٌ, [lit., If there be not fat, then let there be wool;] meaning, (assumed tropical:) If there be not action, then [let there be] a show of action: (IAar, Az, L:) or the last word signifies a little milk. (Meyd, cited by Freytag: see his Arab Prov., i. 70:) it also signifies, [and perhaps in the above saying,] (tropical:) abundance of speech or talk, and of pretensions. (MF.) A2: See also 1, at the end.

A3: And see: نَافِشٌ.

نَفَّاشٌ (assumed tropical:) Proud and boastful. or one who praises himself for that which is not in him; or who says that which he does not. (TA.) A2: A kind of لَيْمُون or citron; the limon sponginus sugosus Ferrari; (Delile, Floræ Aegypt. Illustr., no. 749)] of the largest size, (TA.) نَافِشٌ, applied to a camel [and to a sheep or goat]. fem. نَافشةٌ, Msb, part. n. of 1. (Msb, TA.) You say, إِبِلٌ نَافِشَةٌ, Msb, and نَفَشٌ [quasi-pl. p. of نَافِشٌ] (S, K) and نِفَاشٌ (Msb) and نُفَّاشٌ (S, K) and نُفّشٌ [pls. of نَافشٌ] (TA) and نَوَافِشٌ [pl. of نَافِشةٌ], (S, K,) [and in like manner عَنَمٌ,] Camels [and goats] pasturing by night without a pastur: (S, Msb, K; or dispersing themselves and pasturing by ?? without knowledge [of the pastor] (TA:) نَفَشٌ are only by night; but هَمَلٌ, by night and by day (S,) عِهْنٌ مَنْفُوشٌ (S) Wool of ramous colours separated and loosened by means of bow wooden mallet: (Bd, Jel, ei. 4.) and in like manner, ↓ قُطْنٌ مُسْتَفِشٌ [cotton that is separated, or plucked asunder, or loosened, with the fingers, so that it becomes spread, or dispersed. &c., See 1 and 8]. (TA, voce هَيّبَانٌ,) See also مُسْتَفشٌ, below.

مُنْتَفِشٌ: see مَنْفُوشٌ.b2: ?? A female slave having shaggy or dishevelled hair: (A;) شَعْتآءُ. (K) b3: ?? is likewise applied to anything Swollen, or humid, and loose or flaccid or soft within; as also ↓ مُتَعّشٌ. (Az, K.) b4: You say also أَنْفٌ مُنْتفِشٌ (tropical:) A nose short in the مَارِن [is soft part], and spreading upon the face, like the nose of the زَنْجِىّ] (A;) and ?? has the like signification; as also ↓ ??; (TA;) or in means are cad of a nose spreading upon the face: (K:) and ↓ مُتَبَفّشُ المُنْخِريْنِ, in like manner, wide in the two nostrils. (TA.) See also مُنَتَفّسٌ.

مُتَنَفِّشٌ: see مُنْتَفِشٌ, in three places.

عدن

1 عَدَنَ بِهِ, (Mgh, Msb, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ and عَدُنَ, inf. n. عَدْنٌ and عُدُونٌ, (Msb, K,) He remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in it, (Mgh, Msb, K,) namely, a place, (Mgh, Msb,) or a country, or town. (K.) Whence, (Msb, K,) or from عَدَنَت said of camels as expl. in what follows, (S,) جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ, (S, Msb, K,) [applied to Paradise,] meaning Gardens of abode, (S, Msb,) or gardens of perpetual abode. (TA.) And عَدَنْتُ البَلَدَ means I took for myself the country, or town, as a home, or settled place of abode. (S.) b2: and عَدَنَتِ الإِبِلُ (S, Msb TA) بِمَكَانِ كَذَا, (S, TA,) aors. as above, (Msb, TA,) and so the inf. ns., (TA,) The camels kept to such a place, not quitting it: (S:) or remained, or stayed, (Msb, TA,) in such a place, in the pasturage, (TA,) or pasturing upon the [plants, or trees, called]

حَمْض: (Msb, TA:) or عَدَنْتِ الإِبِلُ فِى الحَمْضِ the camels found the حمض to be wholesome (اِسْتَمْرَتْهُ [for اِسْتَمْرَأَتْهُ]), and increased, or fattened, thereon, and kept thereto: (K, TA:) accord. to Az, the verb is used of camels only in relation to the حمض: or, as some say, it is in relation to anything: (TA:) and the epithet ↓ عَادِنٌ, (S, K,) without ة, (TA,) is applied to a she-camel of which this verb is used; (S, K;) and its pl. is عَوَادِنُ. (TA.) A2: عَدَنَ الأَرْضَ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَدْنٌ, (TA,) He dunged, or manured, the land; as also ↓ عَدَّنَهَا. (K.) b2: And عَدَنَ الشَّجَرَةَ, (K,) inf. n. عَدْنٌ, (TA,) He marred the tree with an axe or the like. (K.) b3: عَدَنَ الحَجَرَ, (K,) inf. n. عَدْنٌ, (TA,) He pulled out the stone (K, TA) with the فَأْس [meaning hoe]. (TA.) A3: See also Q. Q. 1.2 عدّن الأَرْضَ: see 1, near the end.

A2: Also, inf. n. تَعْدِينٌ, He smote the ground بِالْمِعْدَنِ, i. e. with the صَاقُور [or pickaxe], (K, TA,) to put it in a good state [app. for cultivation, by breaking it up]. (TA.) A3: عدّن الغَرْبَ He added a piece, called عَدِينَة, in one side of the hide of which the غرب [or large leathern bucket] was made, to render it of full dimensions, it being [too] small. (ISh, TA.) [And probably, He added to the غَرْب an عَدِينَة (q. v.) of any kind.]

A4: And عدّن said of a drinker, He became full. (K.) Q. Q. 1 عَيْدَنَتِ النَّخْلَةُ, (K accord. to the TA, and so in the TA in art. عود, as on the authority of Az,) or ↓ عَدَنَت, (so in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K,) The palm-tree became such as is termed عَيْدَانَة (K, TA) i. e. tall [&c., n. un. of عَيْدَانٌ, mentioned in art. عود]. (TA.) عَدَنِىٌّ of, or belonging to, [the place called]

عَدَن [in El-Yemen]: b2: hence, عَدَنِيَّاتٌ meaning Highly-prized garments: and an epithet applied to رِيَاط [pl. of رَيْطَةٌ] worn by young women, or girls: b3: and hence likewise عَدَنِىٌّ is an epithet applied to a man as meaning Generous in natural dispositions: (TA:) [or this may be from what next follows:] b4: عَدَنِىٌّ signifies also One who weaves [the garments called] الثِّيَاب العَدَنِيَّة in Neysáboor [app. from سِكَّةُ عَدْنَى, which, as is said in the TA, is in Neysáboor]. (TA.) عَدَانٌ A place of عُدُون [i. e. of remaining, staying, dwelling, or abiding, of men in a place, or of camels in the pasturage &c.: see 1]. (TA.) b2: Also The shore of the sea: (S, K:) but in the phrase بِعَدَانِ السِّيفِ in a verse of Lebeed, it is said that he meant عَدَن [of El-Yemen], adding the ا by poetic license; or some other place: (S:) Sh says that is there means a place on the shore of the sea: and AHeyth related it with kesr to the ع. (TA.) And (K, TA) accord. to IAar (TA) it signifies The side of a river. (K, TA.) A2: And A period of seven years: one says, مَكَثُوا عَدَانًا [They tarried during a period of seven years], (K, TA,) and عَدَانَيْنِ i. e. fourteen years. (TA.) عَدَانَةٌ A company (AA, K, TA) of men: (AA, TA:) pl. عَدَانَاتٌ: (AA, K, TA:) or this latter signifies parties, or distinct bodies, of men: (S, TA:) and accord. to IAar رِجَالٌ عَدَانَاتٌ meansmen remaining, staying, dwelling, or abiding. (TA.) A2: See also what next follows.

عَدِينَةٌ A piece, or patch, in the bottom, or lower part, of a leathern bucket; (S, K;) as also ↓ عَدَانَةٌ: (K:) or at the extremities of the loops of the [leathern water-bag called] مَزَادَة: (AA, TA:) or any piece that is added in the [large leathern bucket called] غَرْب, like the بَنِيقَة in the shirt: (ISh, TA:) pl. عَدَائِنُ. (S, K.) عِدَّانٌ, signifying A time, [as also عَدَّانٌ,] is said by some to be of the measure فِعْلَالٌ [a mistranscription for فِعَّالٌ] from عَدَنَ; but Fr held it to be more probably of the measure فِعْلَانٌ from العَدّ and العِدَاد, in the place of which [i. e. in art. عد] it has been mentioned. (TA.) عَدَوْدَنِىٌّ Swift; (K, TA;) applied to a camel: (TA:) or strong, robust, or hardy; (K, TA;) so applied: (TA:) or whose origin is referred to a certain stallion, (K, TA,) named عَدَوْدَن; (TA;) or to a certain land, (K, TA,) so named. (TA.) عَادِنٌ [act. part. n. of 1:] as an epithet applied to a she-camel; pl. عَوَادِنُ: see 1, latter half.

عَيْدَانٌ (S, K) meaning Tall palm-trees (S) [or the tallest of palm-trees &c. (see art. عود)] has been mentioned in the portion appropriated to words of which the last radical letter is د, (S, K,) as being of the measure فَعْلَانٌ: (TA:) or they are so called because of their long remaining; the word being of the measure فَيْعَالٌ from عَدَنَ بِالمَكَانِ: (Ham p. 712:) [it is a coll. gen. n. :] n. un. with ة, (S, O, K, all in art. عود.) مَعْدِنٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) and accord. to some مَعْدَنٌ also, but this is not of established authority, (TA,) A mine; i. e. a place of the origination of the جَوَاهِر [meaning native ores] of gold and the like: (K:) the place of the origination of anything, (Lth, Msb, K, TA,) as of gold, and of silver, and of other things: (Lth, TA:) or the gold, and silver, [and any other metal or mineral, such as is of value,] created by God in the earth: (Mgh:) so called because the people thereof remain there (S, Mgh, Msb, K) always, (K,) summer and winter; (S, Mgh, Msb;) or because the native ore created therein by God has remained fixed in it; (Msb; [and the like is said in the Mgh and K;]) or, as some say, from عَدَنْتُ الحَجَرَ meaning “ I pulled out the stone: ” (Ham p. 81:) the pl. is مَعَادِنُ. (TA.) It signifies also A place of fixedness of anything. (S, TA.) And مَعَادِنُ signifies also Origins, or sources. (TA.) [Hence the saying,] هَجَرٌ مَعْدِنُ التَّمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [Hejer is famous as the place of production of dates]. (S in art. بضع.) And [hence] one says, هُوَ مَعْدِنٌ لِلْخَيْرِ وَالكَرَمِ (tropical:) [He is a natural source of goodness and generosity], meaning that he was created with a disposition thereto. (TA.) [And هُمْ كِرَامُ المَعَادِنِ (assumed tropical:) They are generous in respect of their origins: see a verse cited voce إِنْ, p. 107.]

مِعْدَنٌ A صَاقُور [or pickaxe], (K, TA,) resembling a فَأْس. (TA.) غَرْبٌ مُعَدَّنٌ [A large leathern bucket] having a piece, or patch, called عَدِينَة, sewed upon its bottom, or lower part, (S, K,) in consequence of its having been rent in that part. (S. [See also 2.]) And خُفٌّ مُعَدَّنٌ A boot having a piece added at the end of the shank, so as to widen it. (TA.) مُعَدِّنٌ One who extracts the masses of stone from a mine, seeking to find in them gold and the like, (K, TA,) after having then broken them in pieces. (TA.) مَعْدِنِىٌّ, also pronounced مَعْدَنِىٌّ, Of, or belonging to, a mine; mineral; and metallic. b2: And A mineral; and a metal: pl. مَعْدَنِيَّاتٌ.]