ذا

ذَا is said by Aboo-'Alee to be originally ذَىْ; the ى, though quiescent, being changed into ا: (M:) or it is originally ذَيَى or ذَوَى; the final radical letter being elided: some say that the original medial radical letter is ى because it has been heard to be pronounced with imáleh [and so it is now pronounced in Egypt]; but others say that it is و, and this is the more agreeable with analogy. (Msb.) It is a noun of indication, [properly meaning This, but sometimes, when repeated, better rendered that,] relating to an object of the masc. gender, (S, M, K,) such as is near: (I'Ak p. 36:) or it relates to what is distant [accord. to some, and therefore should always be rendered that]; and هٰذَا, [which see in what follows,] to what is near: (K in art. هَا: [but the former is generally held to relate to what is near, like the latter:]) or it is a noun denoting anything indicated that is seen by the speaker and the person addressed: the noun in it is ذَ, or ذ alone: and it is a noun of which the signification is vague and unknown until it is explained by what follows it, as when you say ذَا الرَّجُلُ [This man], and ذَا الفَرَسَ [This horse]: and the nom. and accus. and gen. are all alike: (T:) the fem. is ذِى (T, S, M, K, but omitted in the CK) and ذِهْ, (S, M, K, but omitted in the CK,) the latter used in the case of a pause, (S,) with a quiescent ه, which is a substitute for the ى, not a sign of the fem. gender, (S, M,) as it is in طَلْحَهْ and حَمْزَهْ, in which it is changed into ة when followed by a conjunctive alif, for in this case the ه in ذِه remains unchanged [but is meksoorah, as it is also in other cases of connexion with a following word]; and one says also ذهِى; (M;) and تَا and تِهْ: (S and K &c. in art. تا:) for the dual you say ذَانِ and تَانِ; (M;) ذَانِ is the dual form of ذَا (T, S) [and تَانِ is that of تَا used in the place of ذِى]; i. e., you indicate the masc. dual by ذَانِ in the nom. case, and ذَيْنِ in the accus. and gen.; and the fem. dual you indicate by تَانِ in the nom. case, and تَيْنِ in the accus. and gen.: (I'Ak p. 36:) the pl. is أُلَآءِ [or أُلَآءِ] (T, S, and I'Ak ib.) in the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz, (I'Ak,) and أُولَى [or أُلَى] (T, I'Ak) in the dial. of Temeem; each both masc. and fem. (I'Ak ib. [See art. الى.]) You say, ذَا أَخُوكَ [This is thy brother]: and ذِىأُخْتُكَ [This is thy sister]: (T:) and لَاآتِيكَ فِى ذِى السَّنَةِ [I will not come to thee in this year]; like as you say فى هٰذِهِ السَّنَةِ and فى هٰذِى السَّنَةِ; not فى ذَا السَّنَةِ, because ذا is always masc. (As, T.) And you say, ذَانِ أَخَوَاكَ [These two are thy two brothers]: and تَانِ أُخْتَاكَ [These two are thy two sisters]. (T.) and أُولَآءِ إِخْوَتُكَ [These are thy brothers]: and أُولَآءِ

أَخَوَاتُكَ [These are thy sisters]: thus making no difference between the masc. and the fem. in the pl. (T.) b2: The هَا that is used to give notice, to a person addressed, of something about to be said to him, is prefixed to ذَا [and to ذِى &c.], (T, S, M, K,) and is a particle without any meaning but inception: (T:) thus you say هٰذَا, (T, S, M,) and some say هٰذَاا, adding another ا; (Ks, T;) fem.

هٰذِى, (T, S, M,) and [more commonly] هٰذِهْ in the case of a pause, (M,) and هٰذِهِ in other cases, (T, S,) and هَاتَا, and some say هٰذَاتِ, but this is unusual and disapproved: (T:) dual هٰذَانِ for the masc., and هَاتَانِ for the fem.; (T;) said by IJ to be not properly duals, but nouns formed to denote duals; (M;) and many of the Arabs say هٰذَانِّ; (T;) some, also, make هٰذَانِ indecl., like the sing. ذَا, reading [in the Kur xx. 66] إِنَّ هٰذَانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ [Verily these two are enchanters], and it has been said that this is of the dial. of Belhárith [or Benu-l-Hárith] Ibn-Kaab; but others make it decl., reading إِنَّ هٰذَايْنِ لَسَاحِرَانِ: (S, TA: [see, however, what has been said respecting this phrase voce إِنَّ:]) the pl. is هٰؤُلَا in the dial. of Temeem, with a quiescent ا; and هٰؤُلَآءِ in the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz, with medd and hemz and khafd; and هٰؤُلَآءٍ in the dial. of Benoo-'Okeyl, with medd and hemz and tenween. (Az, T.) The Arabs also say, لَا هَا اللّٰهِ ذَا, introducing the name of God between هَا and ذَا; meaning No, by God; this is [my oath, or] that by which I swear. (T.) In the following verse, of Jemeel, وَأَتَى صَوَاحِبُهَا فَقُلْنَ هٰذَا الَّذِى

مَنَحَ المَوَدَّةَ غَيْرَنَا وَجَفَانَا [it is said that] هَذَا is for أَذَا, (M,) i. e., ه is here substituted for the interrogative hemzeh (S * and K in art. ها) [so that the meaning is, And her female companions came, and said, Is this he who gave love to other than us, and treated us unkindly?]: or, as some assert, هَذَا is here used for هٰذَا, the ا being suppressed for the sake of the measure. (El-Bedr El-Karáfee, TA in art. ها.) b3: One says also ذَاكَ, (T, S, M, K,) affixing to ذَا the ك of allocution, [q. v., meaning That,] relating to an object that is distant, (T, *, S, and I'Ak p. 36,) or, accord. to general opinion, to that which occupies a middle place between the near and the distant, (I'Ak pp. 36 and 37,) and this ك has no place in desinential syntax; (S, and I'Ak p. 36;) it does not occupy the place of a gen. nor of an accus., but is only affixed to ذا to denote the distance of ذا from the person addressed: (T:) for the fem. you say تِيكَ (T, S) and تَاكَ; (S and K in art. تا, q. v.;) but not ذِيكَ, for this is wrong, (T, S,) and is used only by the vulgar: (T:) for the dual you say ذَانِكَ (T, S) and ذَيْنِكَ, as in the phrases جَآءَنِى ذَانِكَ الرَّجُلَانِ [Those two men came to me] and رَأَيْتُ ذَيْنُكَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ, [I saw those two men]; (S;) and some say ذَانِّكَ, with teshdeed, (T, S,) [accord. to J] for the purpose of corroboration, and to add to the letters of the noun, (S,) but [accord. to others] this is dual of ذٰلِكَ, [which see in what follows,] the second ن being a substitute for the ل; (T on the authority of Zj and others;) and some say تَانِّكَ also, with tesh-deed, (T, S,) as well as تَانِكَ: (T in this art., and S and K in art. تا, but there omitted in some copies of the S:) the pl. is [أُولَاكَ and] أُولٰئِكَ. (T, S.) هَا is also prefixed to ذَاكَ; so that you say, هٰذَاكَ زَيْدٌ [That is Zeyd]: (S, TA:) and in like manner, for the fem., you say هَاتِيكَ and هَاتَاكَ: (S and K in art. تا:) but it is not prefixed [to the dual nor] to أُولٰئِكَ. (S.) b4: You also add ل in ذَاكَ, (T, S, M, K,) as a corroborative; (TA;) so that you say ذٰلِكَ, [meaning That,] (T, S, M, K,) relating to an object that is distant, by common consent; (I'Ak pp. 36 and 37;) or hemzeh, saying ذَائِكَ, (K,) but some say that this is a mispronunciation: (TA in art. ذوى:) for the fem. you say تِلْكَ and تَالِكَ: the dual of ذٰلِكَ is ذَانِّكَ, mentioned above; and that of the fem. is ثَانِّكَ: (T: [and in the K in art. تا, تَالِكَ is also mentioned as a dual, as well as a sing.:]) and the pl. is أُولَالِكَ. (S and M and K voce أُولَى or أُلَى or أُلَا. [See art. الى.]) هَا is not prefixed to ذٰلِكَ (S) nor to تِلْكَ [nor to أُولَالِكَ] because, as IB says, the ل denotes the remoteness of that which is indicated and the ها denotes its nearness, so that the two are incompatible. (TA in art. تا.) b5: In the saying in the Kur [ii. 256, the Verse of the Throne], مَنْ ذَا الَّذِى يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ, (T, TA,) accord. to Th and Mbr, (TA,) هٰذَا is syn. with ذا [so that the meaning is, Who is this that shall intercede with Him but by his permission?]: (T, TA:) or it may be here redundant [so that the meaning is, Who is he that &c.?]. (Kull.) b6: It is sometimes syn. with اَلَّذِى. (T, S, M.) So in the saying, مَا ذَا رَأَيْتَ [What is it that thou sawest?]; to which one may answer, مَتَاعٌ حَسَنٌ [A goodly commodity]. (Sb, S.) and so in the Kur [ii. 220 (erroneously stated as 216 in Lane's original)], وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ[And they ask thee what amount of their property is it that they shall expend in alms]; (T, M, TA;) accord. to those who make the reply to be in the nom. case; for this shows that ما is [virtually] in the nom. case as an inchoative, and ذا is its enunciative, and ينفقون is the complement of ذا; and that ما and ذا are not to be regarded as one word: [or] this is the preferable way of explanation in the opinion of Sb, though he allowed the other way, [that of regarding ما and ذا as one word, together constituting an inchoative, and ينفقون as its enunciative, (see Ham p. 521,)] with [the reply in] the nom. case: (M:) and هٰذَا, also, is used in the same sense: (TA:) so too ذا in مَا ذَا هُوَ and مَنْ ذَا هُوَ may be considered as syn. with الذى; but it is preferable to regard it as redundant. (Kull.) b7: It is [said to be] redundant also in other instances: for ex., in the trad. of Jereer, as related by Aboo-'Amr Ez-Záhid, who says that it is so in this instance: يَطْلُعُ عَلَيْكُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ ذِى يَمَنٍ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ مَسْحَةٌ مِنْ ذِى مُلْكٍ

[There will come to you a man from El-Yemen, having upon his face an indication of dominion]. (TA. [But this evidently belongs to art. ذُو; in which see a similar ex. (أَتَيْنَا ذَا يَمَنٍ). See also other exs. there.]) b8: [كَذَا lit. means Like this: and hence, thus: as also هٰكَذَا. b9: It is also often used as one word, and, as such, is made the complement of a prefixed noun; as in سَنَةَ كَذَا and فِى سَنَةِ كَذَا In such a year. See also art. كَذَا: and see the letter ك.] b10: هٰذَا is sometimes used to express contempt, and mean estimation; as in the saying of 'Áïsheh respecting 'Abd-Allah Ibn-'Amr Ibn-'Abbás, يَا عَجَبًا لِابْنِ عَمْرٍو هٰذَا [O wonder (meaning how I wonder) at Ibn-'Amr, this fellow!]. (Kitáb el-Miftáh, cited in De Sacy's “ Gram. Ar.,” 2nd ed., i. 442.) [يَا هٰذَا often occurs as addressed to one who is held in mean estimation: it is like the Greek ὦ οὗτος, and virtually like the vulgar Arabic expression يَا أَنْتَ, and the Latin heus tu; agreeably with which it may be rendered O thou; meaning O thou fellow; an appellation denoting mean estimation being understood: in the contrary case, one says يَا فَتَى.

See also, in what follows, a usage of ذَاكَ and ذٰلِكَ. b11: هٰذَا in a letter and the like is introduced when the writer breaks off, turning to a new subject; and means “ This is all that I had to say on the subject to which, it relates: ” what follows it is commenced with the conjunction وَ.] b12: One says, لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ [and لَيْسَ بِذٰلِكَ], meaning It is not approved: for, [like as a person held in mean estimation is indicated by هٰذَا, which denotes a thing that is near, so,] on account of its high degree of estimation, a thing that is approved is indicated by that whereby one indicates a thing that is remote. (Kull voce ليس.) [See also what next follows.] b13: ذٰلِكَ الكِتَابُ in the Kur ii. 1 is said by Zj to mean هٰذَا الكِتَابُ [This book]: but others say that ذلك is here used because the book is remote [from others] in respect of highness and greatness of rank. (TA.) b14: كَذٰلِكَ [lit. Like that, often means so, or in like manner: and b15: ] Let that suffice [thee or] you. (TA in art. ذعر, from a trad.) b16: The dim. of ذَا is ذَيَّا: (T, S, M:) you form no dim. of the fem. ذِى, using in its stead that of تَا, (S,) which is تَيَّا: (T:) the dim. of the dual [ذَانِ] is ذَيَّانِ: (S:) and that of [the pl.] أُولَآءِ [and أُولَى] is أُولَيَّآءِ [and أُولَيَّا]: (T:) b17: that of هٰذَا is ذَيَّا, like that of ذَا; [and you may say هٰذَيَّا also; for] that of هٰؤُلَآءِ is هٰؤُلَيَّآءِ: (T:) b18: that of ذَاكَ is ذَيَّاكَ: (S, K: *) and that of تَاكَ is تَيَّاكَ: (K in art. تا:) b19: that of ذٰلِكَ is ذَيَّالِكَ: (S, K: *) and that of تِلْكَ is تَيَّالِكَ. (S.) A rájiz says, أَوْ تَحْلِفِى بِرَبِّكَ العَلِىِّ

إِنِّى أَبُو ذَيَّالِكِ الصَّبِىِّ [Or thou shalt swear by thy Lord, the High, that I am the father of that little child]: (S, TA:) he was an Arab who came from a journey, and found that his wife had given birth to a boy whom he disacknowledged. (TA.) A2: ذَا is also the accus. case of ذُو, q. v.

علم الزائرجة
هو: من القوانين الصناعية لاستخراج الغيوب المنسوبة إلى العالم المعروف: بأبي العباس أحمد السبتي وهو من أعلام المتصوفة بالمغرب كان في آخر المائة السادسة بمراكش وبعهد يعقوب بن منصور من ملوك الموحدين وهي كثيرة الخواص يولعون باستفادة الغيب منها بعملها وصورتها التي يقع العمل عندهم فيها دائرة عظيمة في داخلها دوائر متوازنها للأفلاك والعناصر وللمكونات والروحانيات إلى غير ذلك من أصناف الكائنات الموجودات والعلوم
وكل دائرة منها مقسومة بانقسام فلكها إلى البــروج والعناصر وغيرهما وخطوط كل منها مارة إلى المركز ويسمونها: الأوتار وعلى كل وتر حروف متتابعة موضوعة فمنها أعداد مرسومة برسوم الزمام التي هي من أشكل الأعداد عند أهل الدواوين والحساب بالمغرب.
ومنها برسوم قلم الغبار متناسقة كلها مع تلك الحروف وفي داخل الزايرجة وبين الدوائر أسماء العلوم ومواضع الأكوان وعلى ظهور الدوائر جدول مستكفي البيوت المتقاطعة طولا وعرضا يشتمل على خمسة وخمسين بيتا في العرض ومائة وإحدى وثلاثين في الطول جوانب منه معمورة البيوت تارة بالعدد وأخرى بالحروف ومن جوانب أخرى منه خالية البيوت ولا يعلم نسبة تلك الأعداد في أوضاعها نسبة البيوت العامرة من الخالية وجانبي الزائرجة أبيات من عروض بحر الطويل الكامل على روي اللام المنصوبة تتضمن صورة العمل في استخراج المطلوب من تلك الزائرجة إلا أنها من قبيل اللغز في عدم الوضوح ومستعجمة غير جلية.
فإذا أرادوا استخراج الجواب عما يسألون عنه أحضروا آلة الاصطرلاب لأخذ الارتفاع واستخراج الطالع فإذا علموا درجة من البرج أحصوه وأخذوا أس ذلك البرج في تلك الزائرجة وسموه: سلطان الطالع.
ثم يعملون بعضا من الأعمال المتداولة بينهم المعروفة عندهم حتى يخرجون حروفا مقطعة إذا ركبت يخرج منها بيت منظومة على الوزن والروي الذي لأبيات القصيدة المرسومة مع الجدول.
وقد يزعم بعضهم أنه يخرج منها أبيات أكثر من واحد وعلى أعاريض أخرى ولا بد عندهم لمن أحكم العمل بهذا القانون أن يخرج له الجواب عن سؤاله منظوما مفهوما وقد يكون مستغلقا على الفهم لقصور الملكة في العمل بذلك القانون وهي من الأعمال الغريبة في استخراج الأجوبة.
قال في الكشف: وفي بعض جوانب الزائرجة بيت من الشعر منسوب إلى بعض أكابر أهل الحذاقة بالمغرب وهو مالك بن وهيب الذي كان من علماء إشبيلية في الدولة اللمتونية والبيت هذا:
سؤال عظيم الخلق حزت فصن إذا ... غرائب شك ضبطه الجد مثلا
وفيه استخراج الجواب لما سئل عنه من المسائل على قانونه.
وذلك إنما وقع من مطابقة الجواب للسؤال لأن الغيب لا يدرك بأمر صناعي البتة.
وإنما المطابقة فيها بين الجواب والسؤال من حيث الإفهام ووقوع ذلك بهذه الصناعة في تكسير الحروف المجتمعة من السؤال والأوتار غير مستنكر وقد وقع اطلاع بعض الأذكياء على التناسب فحصل به معرفة المجهول منها بالتناسب بين الأشياء وهو سر الحضور على المجهول من المعلوم الحاصل للنفس بطريق حصوله سيما الرياضة فإنها تفيد العقل زيادة ولذلك ينسبون الزائرجة إلى أهل الرياضة في الغالب.
وزائرجة منسوبة إلى سهل بن عبد الله أيضا وهي من الأعمال الغريبة.
في تاريخ ابن خلدون وهي غريبة العمل وصنعة عجيبة وكثير من الخواص يعملون بها بإفادة الغيب وحلها صعب على الجاهل انتهى.
وعبارة مدينة العلوم: مبنى هذا العلم هو أنهم يدعون أن العالم كله بما فيه من كلي وجزئي علوا وسفلا أفلاكا وعناصر ذواتا ومعاني ألفاظا وحروفا وأسماء وأفعالا متناسبة كلها على مقادير مقدرة ومرتبط بعضها ببعض ارتباطا غير منفصل.
ومن ذلك السؤال والجواب في ألفاظها وحروفها ومعانيها.
قال الشيخ أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن خلدون في كتابه المسمى بعنوان العبر وديوان المبتدأ والخبر:
إن الناس افترقوا في هذا العلم فرقتين.
لأن منهم: المولعون به منها لكون في أحكام العمل بقانونه يعتقدون استخراج الغيوب بذلك القانون وعمله.
وآخرون: مذعنون بإنكاره ويزعمون أن العمل بقانونه غير صحيح في نفسه وأنه من الحيل ظنا منهم أن صاحب ذلك العمل يعد البيت منظوما ويخبر به جوابا عن السؤال فيطير به الغراب كل مطار ثم قال:
والحق أن مبنى هذا العلم كما مر على مراعاة التناسب بين الأمور المذكورة فيمكن أن يرفع الله - سبحانه وتعالى - الحجاب عن عقول بعض عباده فيطلع على وجه التناسب بينها فيقف على بعض الأمور الكائنة في عالم الملك ومع ذلك لا يمكن للبشر أن يطلع على علم الغيب الذي استأثر الله بعلمه إذ التناسب بين العلم الرباني الذي من عالم الملكوت وبين عالم الملك بعيد فكيف يندرج تحت هذا القانون الذي مبناه على التناسب بين الكائنات في عالم الملك
فالقوانين والصناعة لا توصل إلى معرفة الغيب بوجه من الوجوه والله يعلم وأنتم لا تعلمون انتهى.