صبو

1 صَبَا, (S, M, K,) aor. ـْ inf. n. صَبْوَةٌ, (S,) or صَبْوٌ, (M, K,) and صُبُوٌّ (S, M, K) and صِبًا [also written صِبًى, in the CK (erroneously) صَبًى,] and صَبَآءٌ, (M, K,) [app., in its primary acceptation, He was a youth, or boy, or child; agreeably with an explanation of a phrase in what follows, and with explanations of صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ which will be found below: b2: and hence,] He was, or became, youthfully ignorant, or foolish, or silly: (M, K:) [and, as seems to be indicated in the TA, he indulged in amorous dalliance; a sense in which the verb, more especially with صِبًا (q. v. infrà) for its inf. n., is very frequently used:] or he inclined to ignorant, or foolish, or silly, and youthful, conduct; and in like manner ↓ تصابى; from الصِّبَا, which is from الشَّوْق [i. e. “ desire ”]: (S: [see an ex. of the inf. n. of the latter verb in a verse cited voce شَابَ, in art. شيب:]) or صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ, as inf. ns., signify the inclining the heart to any one; and have other significations expl. in what follows: and ↓ تَصَابٍ signifies the manifesting passionate love, and desire: (KL:) [but صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ are often used in different senses: thus Et-Tebreezee says that] in the following hemistich of a poem by Dureyd Ibn-Es-Simmeh, صَبَا مَا صَبَا حَتَّى عَلَا الشَّيْبُ رَأْسَهُ the first صبا may be from الصِّبَى [or الصِّبَا], and the second صبا from الصَّبَآءُ signifying الفَتَآءُ; so that the meaning may be, He engaged in play, or sport, and الصِّبَى [or amorous dalliance, &c.], as long as he was a youth, [until hoariness came upon his head;] or the meaning may be, he engaged in الصِّبِى as long as he engaged therein, &c. (Ham p. 380.) And صَبِىَ, (S, M, K,) [aor. ـْ inf. n. صَبَآءٌ, (S,) or صِبًا, (M,) [or both, as will appear from what follows,] signifies He played, or sported, with the صِبْيَان [i. e. youths, or boys, or children]: (S:) or he acted in the manner of the صِبْيَان: (M, K: *) or both صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ, as inf. ns., signify the acting as a youth, or boy, or child; and the playing, or sporting, with youths, or boys, or children: (KL:) and ↓ تصبّى and ↓ تصابى, said of an old man, signify he acted in a youthful, boyish, or childish, manner. (TA.) b3: صَبَا, inf. n. صُبُوٌّ and صَبْوَةٌ, also signifies He inclined. (Msb.) You say, صَبَا إِلَيْهَا He inclined to her, namely, a woman; as also صَبِىَ: and in like manner, صَبَتْ إِلَيْهِ and صَبِيَتْ [She inclined to him]. (M. [See also صُبٌّ, in art. صب.]) And صَبَا إِلَيْهِ, (M,) or إِلَيْهَا, (K,) inf. n. صَبْوَةٌ (M, K) and صُبْوَةٌ (K) and صُبُوٌّ; (M, K;) and صَبِىَ; (K;) He yearned towards, longed for, or desired, (M, K,) him, (M,) or her: (K.) b4: [Hence, app.,] صَبَتِ النَّخْلَةُ, (M, K,) aor. ـْ (M,) The [female] palm-tree inclined, or leaned, towards the male palm-tree that was distant from it. (M.) b5: And صَبَتِ الرَّاعِيَةُ, (M, K,) aor. ـْ (M,) inf. n. صُبُوٌّ, The pasturing beast inclined its head and put it upon the pasturage. (M, K.) [See also 2.]

A2: صَبَتْ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـْ (S, M,) inf. n. صُبُوٌّ (S, M, K) and صَبًا, (M, K,) in [some of] the copies of the K صَبَاء, (TA,) said of the wind called الصَّبَا, (S, M, K,) It blew. (K.) b2: And صُبِىَ القَوْمُ, (M, K,) like عُنِىَ, (K,) The people, or party, were blown upon by the wind called الصَّبَا. (M, K.) 2 صبّى رَأْسَهُ, inf. n. تَصْبِيَةٌ, He inclined his head towards the ground. (TA.) [See also 1, near the end.]3 صابى رُمْحَهُ, (T, S, *, M, K, TA,) inf. n. مُصَابَاةٌ, (TA,) He inclined his spear, (M, K,) or he lowered the head of his spear towards the ground, (T, TA,) [or, as the context in the S seems to indicate, he inverted his spear,] to pierce, or thrust, (T, M, K,) with it. (M, TA.) b2: صابى السَّيْفَ He put the sword into its غِمْد [which generally means its scabbard] (S, M, K,) or into its قِرَاب [which generally means its case for enclosing it together with its scabbard,] (TA,) reversed, or inverted: (S, M, K, TA:) or, accord. to the A, صابى سَيْفَهُ, and سِكِّينَهُ, means he put his sword, and his knife, into its قِرَاب not in the right manner: and one says to one who hands a knife, صَابِ سِكِّينَكَ i. e. Reverse thy knife, putting the handle towards me. (TA.) b3: صابى بِنَآءَهُ He made his building to incline, or lean. (K.) b4: صابى مَشَافِرَهُ He (a camel) inverted his lips on the occasion of drinking. (K.) b5: صابى الشَّيْخَ He, or it, overturned the old man; and made him to incline. (TA.) b6: صابى البَيْتَ, (M, K,) i. e. البَيْتَ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ, (TA,) He recited the verse not rightly, or not regularly. (M, K, TA. [In the CK, صاباهُ البَيْتَ.]) and صابى الكَلَامَ He made the speech, or language, to deviate from its proper course, or tenour. (M, K.) b7: صَابَيْنَا عَنِ الحَمْضِ is a phrase mentioned by Az as meaning We turned away from the [plants called] حمض. (TA.) b8: And one says, الجَوَارِى يُصَابِينَ فِى السِّتْرِ, meaning يطلعن [i. e.

يَطَّلِعْنَ, but I think that فِى is a mistranscription for مِن, and that the meaning is, The girls, or young women, look from within the curtain]. (TA.) 4 أَصْبَتْ She (a woman) had a child such as is termed صَبِىّ [i. e. a boy, or a young male child]; (S, M;) and a child, male or female. (S.) A2: أَصْبَتْهُ She (a woman, M, K, or a girl, or young woman, S) excited his desire, and invited him, (M, K,) or made him to incline, (S,) to ignorant, or foolish, or silly, and youthful, conduct, (S, M, K,) so that he yearned towards her; as also ↓ تَصَبَّتْهُ. (M, K.) And ↓ تَصَبَّاهَا He invited her to the like thereof. (M.) And ↓ تصبّاها also signifies He deceived, or beguiled, her, and captivated her heart; (M, K; [see also another rendering in an explanation of a verse cited voce إِصَارٌ;]) as also ↓ تصاباها. (K.) And اصبى عِرْسَ فُلَانٍ He endeavoured to cause the wife of such a one to incline [to him]. (TA.) A3: أَصْبَوْا They entered upon [a time in which blew] the wind called الصَّبَا. (M, K.) 5 تَصَبَّوَ see 1, latter half: A2: and see also 4, in three places.6 تَصَاْبَوَ see 1, in three places: A2: and see also 4.10 استصبى, as stated by Freytag, is expl. by Reiske as signifying Pueriliter se et proterve gessit: A2: and by Jac. Schultens as signifying Pro puero habuit. But the usage of this verb in any sense is app. post-classical.]

صَبًا [is of the fem. gender, and] is a subst. and an epithet, [so that one says رِيحٌ صَبًا, as well as صَبًا alone and رِيحُ الصَّبَا,] (M, TA,) [and signifies The east wind: or an easterly wind:] the wind that blows from the place of sunrise: (Msb:) or the wind of which the mean place whence it blows is the place where the sun rises when the night and day are equal; the opposite wind of which is the دَبُور: (S:) or the wind that faces the House [of God, i. e. the Kaabeh; app. meaning that blows from the point opposite to the corner, of the Kaabeh, that is between the Black Stone and the door]; as though yearning towards the House: (M, TA:) or, accord. to IAar, (M,) the wind of which the place whence it blows extends from the place of rising of الثُّرَيَّا [or the Pleiades] to [the place of] بَنَات نَعْش [meaning the tail of Ursa Major]: (M, K:) [it is often commended by poets as a gentle and pleasant gale, like the Zephyr with us:] the dual is صَبَوَانِ and صَبَيَانِ: (Lh, M, K:) and pl. صَبَوَاتٌ and أَصْبَآءٌ. (M, K.) صِبًا [also written صِبًى] and ↓ صَبَآءٌ, the former with kesr and the short alif, and the latter with fet-h and the long alif, (S, Msb,) [both mentioned before as inf. ns.,] Youth, or boyhood; the state of the صَبِىّ [q. v.]: (S:) or childhood. (Msb.) One says, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى صِبَاهُ and صَبَائِهِ [That was in his youth or boyhood: or in his childhood]. (Msb.) [See also an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. شفع.] b2: And the former [or each, as is shown in the first sentence of this art.,] has also a signification derived from الشَّوْقُ [or “ desire; ” i. e., each signifies also An inclining to ignorant, or foolish, or silly, and youthful, conduct; and amorous dalliance]: (S:) and ↓ صَبْوَةٌ signifies [the same, as is also shown in the first sentence of this art., or, like صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ,] the ignorance, or foolishness, or silliness, of youth; (Lth, M, K;) and amorous dalliance. (Lth, TA.) [See an ex. of the first in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. ادى; and another in a verse cited voce عَارَضَ.]

صَبْوَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

صَبَآءٌ: see صَبًا.

صَبِىٌّ A youth, boy, or male child; syn. غُلَامٌ: (S:) or a young male child; (Mgh, Msb;) before he is called غُلَام: (Mgh:) or one that has not yet been weaned, (M, K,) so called from the time of his birth: (M:) and ↓ صَابٍ signifies the same as صَبِىٌّ; these two words being like قَادِرٌ and قَدِيرٌ: (TA:) the pl. of the former is صِبْيَةٌ [a pl. of pauc., in which the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, like as is said in the M respecting another of the pls.,] (S, M, Msb, K, but not in the CK,) and صِبْوَةٌ (M, K, TA, in the CK صَبْوَةٌ,) and صُبْيَةٌ (M, K) and صَبْيَةٌ, (K, TA, but not in the CK,) [or rather the last two are quasi-pl. ns.,] and أَصْبٍ [another pl. of pauc.] (K) and أَصْبِيَةٌ [also a pl. of pauc.], (M, K,) but this last is said by J to have been unused, because the usage of صِبْيَةٌ rendered it needless, (TA,) and صِبْيَانٌ, (S, M, Msb, K, but not in the CK,) in which the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, (M,) and صُبْيَانٌ, (M, K,) as some say, preserving the ى notwithstanding the dammeh, (M,) and صِبْوَانٌ (M, K, but not in the CK,) and صُبْوَانٌ: (M, K:) and [ISd says,] accord. to Sb, the dim. of صِبْيَةٌ is ↓ أُصَيْبِيَةٌ, and that of أَصْبِيَةٌ is ↓ صُبَيَّةٌ, each irreg.; but in my opinion, صُبَيَّةٌ is the dim. of صِبْيَةٌ, and أُصَيْبِيَةٌ is that of أَصْبِيَةٌ: (M:) [J says,] أُصَيْبِيَةٌ occurs in poetry as being the dim. of أَصْبِيَةٌ. (S.) ↓ صَبِيَّةٌ signifies A young woman, girl, or female child; (S, TA;) and so too, [sometimes,] صَبِىٌّ: (TA:) and the pl. is صَبَايَا. (S TA.) b2: أُمُّ الصِّبْيَانِ is a term applied to The flatus, or flatulence, (الرِّيحُ,) that is incident to children. (TA in art. ام.) [Golius, in that art., explains it as meaning Larva, terriculamentum puerorum; on the authority of Meyd.: and also as meaning Epilepsy; on the authority of Ibn-Beytár.] b3: صَبِىٌّ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The pupil of the eye: (M, K:) but Kr ascribes this meaning to the vulgar. (M.) b4: And (tropical:) The extremity of each of the jaw-bones: (K, TA:) i. e. (TA) الصَّبِيَّانِ signifies the two extremities of the two jaw-bones (S, M, TA) of the camel and of other animals: or, as some say, the two edges curving outwards from the middle of the two jaw-bones: (M, TA:) or, accord. to the A, the thin portions of the two extremities thereof: and it is [said to be] tropical. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) A bone below the lobe, or lobule, of each of the two ears: (K:) or, as some say, the head of the bone that is below the lobe, or lobule, of each of the two ears by the space of about three fingers put together. (M.) b5: And (tropical:) The edge (حَدّ) of the sword: (M, K, TA:) or the ridge thereof, (M, TA, in the copies of the K أَوْ غَيْرِهِ is erroneously put for أَوْ عَيْرُهُ, TA,) which rises in [i. e. along] its middle; (M, K, TA;) and likewise of a spear-head: (M, TA:) or, accord. to the A, that part of a sword below, or exclusive of, (دُونَ,) its ظُبَة [q. v.]. (TA.) b6: And (assumed tropical:) The head of the human foot; (M, A, TA; in the copies of the K رَأْسُ القَوْمِ is erroneously put for رَأْسُ القَدَمِ; TA;) i. e. the part [thereof] between its حِمَارَة [q. v.] and the toes. (A, TA.) And الصَّبِيَّانِ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The two sides of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل. (M.) b7: It is also said that صِبْيَانُ الجَلِيدِ signifies (tropical:) The grains of hoar-frost that resemble pearls: and صِبْيَانُ المَطَرِ (tropical:) the small drops of rain: but accord. to the author of the “ Khasáïl,” it is صِئْبَان [pl. of صُؤَابَةٌ, q. v.], with ء and then ب. (TA.) صَبِيَّةٌ fem. of صَبِىٌّ, q. v.

صُبَيَّةٌ: see صَبِىٌّ, former half.

صَابٍ: see صَبِىٌّ, first sentence. b2: Also i. q. صَاحِبُ صَبْوَةٍ [i. e. One who indulges in youthful folly, and amorous dalliance]. (TA.) b3: Kureysh, (M,) or the Jews, (TA,) used to call the Companions of the Prophet صُبَاةٌ. (M, TA. [See صَابِئٌ, in art. صبأ.]) And Náfi' read [in the Kur ii. 59 and xxii. 17] الصَّابِينَ instead of الصَّابِئِينَ; (TA;) and [in v. 73] الصَّابِيُونَ instead of الصَّابِئُونَ. (TA voce صَابِئٌ.) b4: صُبَّى, a pl. of صَابٍ, is expl. as meaning Those who incline to conflicts and factions, seditions, or the like, and love to be foremost therein. (TA. [See صُبٌّ, in art. صب.]) الصَّابِيَةُ The oblique wind (النُّكَيْبَآءُ, dim. of النَّكْبَآءُ,) that blows in a direction between that of the east or easterly wind (الصَّبَا) and that of the north or northerly wind (الشَّمَال): (S, K:) it is very cold, (S and TA voce نَكْبَآءُ,) and very boisterous, and unattended by rain or by any good. (TA ibid.) أُصَيْبِيَةٌ: see صَبِىٌّ.

مُصْبٍ, (Ks, Az, M,) or مُصْبِيَةٌ, (S, A,) or both, (K,) applied to a woman, (Ks, Az, S, M, A, K,) and the former also applied to a man, (Er-Rághib, TA,) Having صِبْيَة [i. e. children, or young children, or young unweaned children], (S, Er-Rághib, A, *) or having a child such as is termed صَبِىّ. (M, K.) b2: Hence the latter is metaphorically applied by El-Hareeree to (tropical:) Wine of which the sealed cover has been broken. (Har p. 450.) b3: [See also the verb, 4.]

مَصْبُوٌّ: see صَابِئٌ, in art. صبأ.

مُصَابِيَةٌ A calamity, or misfortune. (K.)

بهو

1 بَهَا, (JK, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (JK,) or ـْ (Msb, K;) and بَهُوَ, aor. ـْ and بَهِىَ, aor. ـْ (S, * K;) and بَهَى, [first Pers\. بَهَيْتُ,] aor. ـْ (K;) inf. n. بَهَآءٌ and بَهَآءَةٌ; (JK, TA;) He (a man, S) or it, was, or became, characterized by, or possessed of, بَهَآء, meaning beauty, or goodliness [&c.]. (JK, S, Msb, K.) A2: بَهَوْتُهُ and بَهَيْتُهُ: see 3.

A3: بَهِىَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. بَهًا, (TA,) It (a tent, S, K) was, or became, empty, or vacant: (K:) or it was, or became, rent, or pierced with holes, and rendered vacant. (S, TA.) A4: بَهِىَ بِهِ i. q. بَهَأَ بِهِ [q. v.]. (JK.) and بَهَؤُوا بِهِ occurs in a trad., as they relate it, for بَهَؤُوا بِهِ. (A'Obeyd, TA in art. بهأ.) 2 بهّاهُ, inf. n. تَبْهِيَةٌ, He made it wide, or ample; or widened it; and made it; namely, a بَيْت [i. e. tent, or house]. (K.) 3 باهاهُ, (TA,) [and باهى بِهِ, as will be seen from what follows,] inf. n. مُبَاهَاةٌ, (S, TA,) He vied, or competed, with him, or contended with him for superiority, in beauty, or goodliness, or in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, or excellence; he emulated, or rivalled, him therein; or, simply, he vied with him; syn. بَارَاهُ; (TA in art. بهج;) and فَاخَرَهُ. (S, * TA.) Hence, in a trad. respecting

'Arafeh, تُبَاهِى بِهِمُ المَلَائِكَةُ [The angels vie with them]. (TA.) You say, ↓ بَاهَانِى فَبَهَوْتُهُ (Lh, JK, K *) and ↓ بَهَيْتُهُ (Lh, JK) i. e. [He vied, or competed, with me, or contended with me for superiority, in beauty, or goodliness, &c.,] and I became, (Lh,) or I was, (JK,) more beautiful, or goodly, [&c.,] than he, (Lh, JK,) or I surpassed him in beauty, or goodliness [&c.]. (K.) 4 ابهى He (a man) was, or became, beautiful, or handsome, in face. (K.) A2: ابهاهُ [He deprived it of beauty, or goodliness; the ا being a privative, as it often is, like the Greek a: this is probably the primary signification: (see Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 604:) and hence, b2: ] He made it empty, or vacant: (K:) or he rent it, or made holes in it: (JK:) or he rent it, or made holes in it, and rendered it vacant: (S:) namely, a tent. (JK, S, K.) Hence the saying, المِعْزَى

تُبْهِى وَ لَا تُبْنِى [explained in art. بنى]: (JK, S:) applied to him who injures and does not profit. (JK.) b3: He emptied it; namely, a vessel. (A'Obeyd, JK, S, K.) b4: ابهى الخَيْلَ He freed the horses from service (JK, S, K) in warfare; (S, K;) i. e. he did not go to war upon the horses: (TA:) or he divested the horses of their furniture, and did not ride them: or he supplied the horses amply with fodder, and gave them rest: but the first is the-approved explanation. (TA.) 6 تَبَاهَوْا They vied, or competed, or contended for superiority, one with another, [in beauty, or goodliness, or] in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, or excellence; they emulated, or rivalled, one another therein; or, simply, they vied, one with another; syn. تَفَاخَرُوا. (S, K.) 8 يَبْتَهِى occurs in a verse of El-Aashà for يَبْتَهِئُ. (O, TS, L, on the authority of As, in art. بهأ, q. v.) بَهْوٌ Ampleness; or an ample state, or condition: so in the saying, هُوَ فِى بَهْوٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ [He is in an ample state, or condition, of life]: and this is [said to be] the primary signification. (As, TA.) b2: Anything ample, wide, or spacious. (K.) [Hence,] نَاقَةٌ بَهْوَةٌ الجَنَبَيْنِ A she-camel wide in the two sides. (TA.) b3: A wide, or spacious, tract of land, (K, TA,) in which are no mountains, between two elevated tracts. (TA.) b4: A wide covert, or hiding-place, of a [wild] bull, (JK, K, TA,) which he makes for himself at the foot of the kind of tree called أَرْطًى [q. v.]: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَبْهَآءٌ and [of mult.] بُهُوٌّ and [quasi-pl.-n.] بَهِىٌّ. (K.) b5: Any vacant, or intervening, space. (TA.) b6: The interior of the chest, or breast, (K, TA,) of a man and of any beast: (TA:) or the space that intervenes between the two breasts and the uppermost part of the chest (K, TA) is called بَهْوُ الصَّدْرِ: (TA:) or the part between [or within] the extremities of the ribs that project over the belly: (TA:) and in her that is pregnant, (JK, K,) whatever she be, (JK,) the resting-place of the fœtus, between the two haunches: (JK, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَبْهَآءٌ and أَبْهٍ and [of mult.] بُهِىٌّ and [quasi-pl. n.] بَهِىٌّ [in the TA بِهِىٌّ, which seems to be a mistake]. (K) b7: A tent that is placed in advance, before the other tents: (JK, S, TA:) pl. أَبْهَآءٌ. (JK.) In a trad., Arabs are spoken of as removing with their أَبْهَآء. (TA.) بَهٍ [originally بَهِوٌ]: see بَهِىٌّ, in two places.

بَهَآءٌ Beauty, or goodliness: (S, Msb, K:) beauty of aspect, of mien, or of external state or condition: (Msb:) a beautiful aspect, that excites admiration, and satisfies the eye: (TA:) and, as an attribute of God, (Msb,) greatness, or majesty. (Msb, Har p. 271.) b2: (tropical:) The froth of milk: (JK:) or the glistening of the froth of milk. (K.) A2: As an epithet applied to a she-camel, it belongs to art. بهأ [in which it is explained]. (S.) بَهِىٌّ Possessing the quality, or attribute, of بَهَآء

[i. e. beauty, or goodliness, &c.]; (JK, S, Msb;) the beauty of which, (JK,) or the pleasing appearance of which, (TA,) satisfies the eye; (JK, TA;) as also ↓ بَهٍ and ↓ بَاهٍ: the fem. of بَهِىٌّ is بَهِيَّةٌ; of which the pl. is بَهِيَّاتٌ and بَهَايَا: and the fem. of ↓ بَهٍ is بَهِيَةٌ; and the pl. is أَبْهِيَآءُ. (TA.) بَاهٍ: see بَهِىٌّ.

A2: Also, applied to a بَيْت [or tent (see بَهِىَ)], Empty, or vacant; (JK, S, K;) containing nothing: (S:) or containing little furniture, or few goods or utensils. (TA.) b2: بِئْرٌ بَاهِيَةٌ A wide-mouthed well. (K.) أَبْهَى [More, and most, beautiful, or goodly;] surpassingly, or superlatively, beautiful, or goodly: fem. بُهْيَا; which is applied to a woman, and, by Honeyf El-Hanátim, to a she-camel. (Az, TA.) [Hence,] one says, إِنَّ هٰذَا لَبُهْيَاىَ [This is my superlatively beautiful quality; or] this is of the things in which I vie with others. (AA, ISk.)

خص

1 خَصَّهُ بِالشَّىْءِ, (S, K,) or بِكَذَا, (A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. خَصٌّ (K) and خُصُوصٌ (S, Msb, K) and خَصُوصٌ (TA) and خَصُوصِيَّةٌ and خُصُوصِيَّةٌ, (S, Mgh, * Msb, K,) of which last two the former is the more chaste, (S, TA,) and is the form mentioned in the Fs and its Exposi tions, and the ى in it is said to be the relative ى, and the ى which is characteristic of an inf. n., whereas in the latter it is said to be a characteristic of intensiveness, but MF thinks that this requires consideration, because the ى is also said to be, and by some more commonly, without teshdeed, as in كَرَاهِيَةٌ and عَلَانِيَةٌ, (TA,) and خِصِّيصَى, (S, K,) like مِكِّيثَى, which is said to be the only other instance of this measure, (TA,) [but some others might be added, as دِلِّيلَى and فِخِّيرَى and قِتِّيتَى,] and خِصِّيصَآءُ, (IAar, Kr, K,) [like مِكِّيثَآءُ,] the former of which last two [each of which has an intensive signification] is the chaste, and com monly known, form, (TA,) and خُصِّيَّةٌ, or خِصِّيَّةٌ, or خَصِيَّةٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) written by Sgh with damm, (TA,) and تَخِصَّةٌ, (Ibn-' Abbád, K,) or, as some say, خَصُوصِيَّةٌ and خِصِّيَّةٌ [or خُصِّيَّةٌ or خَصِّيَّةٌ] are each a quasi-inf. n., as also خَاصَّةٌ, (TA,) He distinguished him particularly, peculiarly, or specially, i. e., above, or from, or exclusively of, others, by the thing, or by such a thing; he particularized him, or particularly or peculiarly or specially characterized him, thereby; syn. فَضَّلَهُ (A, K, TA) دُونَ غَيْرِهِ, and مَيَّزَهُ; (TA;) he appropriated, or assigned, [the thing or] such a thing, or made it to belong, to him alone, or in particular, or peculiarly, or specially, exclusively of others; (Msb;) and بِهِ ↓ اختصّهُ signifies the same; (S, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اخصّهُ, (A, [but for this I know not any other authority,]) and ↓ خصّصهُ; (A;) or this last has an intensive signification. (Msb.) You say, خَصَّهُ بِالُودِّ He distinguished him &c. by love, or affection; or favoured him in preference to another, or others, thereby. (K, TA.) As to the saying of Az, إِنِ امْرَأٌ خَصَّنِى عَمْدًا مَوَدَّتَهُ عَلَى التَّنَانِى لَعِنْدِى غَيْرُ مَكْفُورِ [If a man distinguish me above, or from, or exclusively of, others, purposely, by his love, or because of his love of me, notwithstanding distance of each from the other, it will not be disacknowledged with me,] the meaning is, خَصَّنِى بِمَوَدَّتِهِ; or it may be خَصَّنِى لِمَوَدَّتِهِ إِيَّاىَ [in the TA بِمَوَدَّتِهِ, which is evidently a mistranscription]; for, says ISd, we have not heard خَصَّهُ [or rather خَصَّ] doubly transitive. (TA.) And [hence]

خَصَّهُ بِكَذَا also signifies He gave him such a thing in large quantity, or abundantly. (TA.) [You say also, خَصَّهُ بِالذِّكْرِ He distinguished, &c., or singled out, him, or it, by mention: or he particularized, peculiarized, or specified, him, or it, thereby; he particularly, peculiarly, or specially, mentioned him, or it. And خَصَّهُ, alone, He pointed particularly, or peculiarly, to him, or it, in what he said; or he meant particularly, or peculiarly, him, or it. And خَصَّ مِنْهُ كَذَا He distinguished, particularized, peculiarized, or specified, thereof such a thing: and he distinguished therefrom such a thing; he particularly, peculiarly, or specially, excepted therefrom such a thing.] Youalso say, خَصَّهُ لِنَفْسِهِ (TA) and لِنَفْسِهِ ↓ اختصّهُ (T, A, TA) [He appropriated, or took, or chose, him, or it, particularly, or specially, to, or for, himself; as also خَصَّ بِهِ نَفْسَهُ and بِهِ نَفْسَهُ ↓ اختصّ]. And فُلَانًا ↓ هُوَ يَسْتَخِصُّ and يَسْتَخْلِصُهُ (A, TA) [He appropriates such a one purely to himself, exclusively of any partner; (see the latter verb;)] he chooses such a one for himself; he appropriates him to himself as his particular, or special, intimate; (TA in art. خلص;) both signify the same. (S and K in art. خلص.) [And ↓ اختصّهُ He treated him, or behaved towards him, with partiality; was partial towards him: a signification implied by the first explanation in this art.: and in this sense it is often used.]

A2: خَصَّ, aor. ـُ [contr. to general rule, by which it should be خَصِّ, for it is intrans., and of the measure فَعَلَ, accord. to the Msb,] inf. n. خُصُوصٌ, [and app. خَصُوصِيَّةٌ and خُصُوصِيَّةٌ, accord. to modern usage,] It was, or became, particular, peculiar, or special; restricted, or confined, to one or more of persons, places, or things; distinct, or distinguished, from others; not common, or general; contr. of عَمَّ; as also ↓ اختصّ: (Msb:) [each, also, followed by لَهُ, signifies He, or it, belonged, pertained, or appertained, to him, or it, particularly, peculiarly, specially, or exclusively; it so related to him, or it; it was, or became, peculiar to him, or it: see also the latter verb below.]

A3: خَصَّ, sec. Pers\. خَصِصْتَ, (in the CK خُصِصْتُ,) [inf. n., app., خَصَاصَةٌ and خَصَاصٌ and خَصَاصَآءُ,] (tropical:) He was, or became, poor; in a state of poverty; (Fr, Sgh, K;) as also ↓ اختصّ. (A, TA.) 2 خصّصهُ, inf. n. تَخْصِيصٌ, He made it, or rendered it, particular, peculiar, or special; distinct, or distinguished, from others; not common, or general; he individuated it; particularized it; distinguished it from the generality; singled it out; تَخْصِيصٌ being the contr. of تَعْمِيمٌ. (K. [But only the inf. n. is there mentioned.]) b2: See also 1, first sentence.4 أَخْصَ3َ see 1, first sentence.5 تخصّص quasi-pass. of 2; It was, or became, made, or rendered, particular, peculiar, or special; &c.; not common, or general. (TA.) b2: See also 8, in two places. b3: It is also said to mean (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, in a peculiar, unparticipated state of pressing want and poverty. (Har p. 94.) 8 اختصّهُ: see 1, in four places.

A2: اختصّ as an intrans. v.: see 1, last sentence but one. b2: اختصّ بِالشَّىْءِ, (K,) or بِكَذَا, (A, Msb,) quasi-pass. of خَصَّهُ بِهِ; (A, Msb, K;) He was, or became, distinguished particularly, peculiarly, or specially, i. e., above, or from, or exclusively of, others, by the thing, or by such a thing; he was, or became, particularized, or particularly or peculiarly or specially characterized, thereby; (A, * K * TA;) he had [the thing or] such a thing appropriated, or assigned, or made to belong, to him alone, or in particular, or peculiarly, or specially, exclusively of others; (Msb;) and ↓ تخصّص signifies the same. (A, Msb, K.) You say, اختصّ فُلَانٌ بِالأَمْرِ, and لَهُ ↓ تخصّص, [or بِهِ, accord. to general usage,] Such a one was, or became, alone, with none to share or participate with him, in the affair; syn. اِنْفَرَدَ. (TA.) b3: See also 1, last sentence.10 إِسْتَخْصَ3َ see 1, latter half.

خُصٌّ A booth of reeds, or canes, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) or of [boughs of] trees: (TA:) or a house roofed with a piece of wood, in the form of the [oblong vaulted structure called] أَزْج: (JK, K:) so called because of the خَصَاص, or “ narrow interstices,” which are in it; (T, TA;) or because one sees what is in it through its خَصَاص, or “ interstices: ” (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَخْصَاصٌ (JK, Msb, TA) and [of mult.] خِصَاصٌ (JK, L, K [in the CK خَصَاصٌ, which is wrong,]) and خُصُوصٌ (JK, K) and خُصُوصَةٌ. (JK.) b2: Also The shop of a vintner, (As, K,) although it be not of reeds, or canes. (K.) خَصَاصٌ: see خَصَاصَةٌ, from the beginning to the last sentence but two.

خُصُوصٌ an inf. n. of 1, trans. and intrans. b2: [Used as a simple subst., Particularity; peculiarity; speciality, or specialty; as also the inf. ns.

↓ خَصُوصِيَّةٌ, and ↓ خُصُوصِيَّةٌ.] You say, لَهُ خُصُوصٌ and ↓ خُصُوصِيَّةٌ [To him belongs a particularity, &c.], and بِى [in me is &c.]. (A.) [Hence خُصُوصًا Particularly; specially; as also ↓ خَاصَّةً.] Th was heard to say, ↓ إِذَا ذُكِرَ الصَّالِحُونَ فَبَخَاصَّةٍ

أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ الأَشْرَافُ فَبِخَاصَّةٍ عَلِىٌّ [meaning فَخُصُوصًا, i. e., When the righteous are mentioned, then in particular, or peculiarly, Aboo-Bekr is virtually mentioned; and when the shereefs are mentioned, then in particular, or peculiarly, 'Alee]. (L, TA.) خَصَاصَةٌ An interstice, interval, or intervening space or opening; (S, K;) as also ↓ خَصَاصٌ [which is commonly used as a coll. gen. n.] and ↓ خَصَاصَآءُ: (K:) or an interstice, &c., in the ثَغْر [app. meaning the front teeth]; as also ↓ the second of these words: (TA:) or the first and ↓ second, (TA,) or ↓ all, (K,) any interstice, &c., or hole or perforation, in a door, and sieve, and [veil of the kind called] بُرْقُع, and the like, (K, TA,) such as a cloud, and a strainer, &c.: (TA:) [a crevice, cranny, chink, or fissure:] or the first, (TA,) or ↓ all, (K,) a small hole or perforation: (K, TA:) or the first has this signification as well as the signification first mentioned: (S:) or the ↓ second, the like of a كَوَّة [or mural aperture] in a [structure of the kind called] قُبَّة, or the like, when as wide as the face; or, accord. to some, whether wide or narrow: (TA:) and the same, interstices, intervals, or intervening spaces or openings, in a خُصّ; (TA;) or narrow interstices, &c., therein: (T, TA:) and the same, (TA,) or ↓ all, (K,) the intervening spaces between the three stones upon which a cooking-pot is placed; (K, TA;) and between the fingers: (TA:) and the first, the intervening spaces between the feathers of an arrow: (IAar, TA:) pl. [of the first,] خَصَاصَاتٌ. (TA.) You say of the moon, بَدَا مِنْ خَصَاصَةِ الغَيْمِ [It appeared from the gap of the cloud, or clouds]. (S, A.) b2: Also A cloud itself; or clouds; syn. غَيْمٌ. (TA.) A2: Also the first, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ second, (S, K,) and ↓ third, (IDrd, K,) (tropical:) Poverty; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) need; (A, Msb, TA;) straitness, or difficulty; (Mgh;) an evil state or condition: (TA:) from خَصَاصَات meaning the “ holes ” of a sieve: whence a saying cited voce تَجَمَّلَ: (Mgh:) or from the first of the senses explained in this paragraph; because a thing, when it opens so as to form an interstice, becomes weak and unsound. (TA.) You say also, ↓ سَدَدْتُ خُصَاصَةَ فُلَانٍ, with damm, meaning, (tropical:) I repaired the broken fortune of such a one. (A, TA.) b2: Also the first, (tropical:) Thirst; as in camels when they return from water without having satisfied themselves with drink: and hunger; as in a man when he has not satisfied himself with food. (TA.) خُصَاصَةٌ: see خَصَاصَةٌ, last sentence but one.

خَصَاصَآءُ: see خَصَاصَةٌ, from the beginning to the last sentence but two.

خَصوُصِيَّةٌ and خُصُوصِيَّةٌ: see خُصُوصٌ, in three places.

خِصَّانٌ and خُصَّانٌ: see the next paragraph, in three places.

خَاصٌّ Particular; peculiar; special; distinct, or distinguished, from others; contr. of عَامٌّ. (Msb, TA.) b2: [And hence, Choice; select. b3: And Pare; unmixed; unadulterated.] b4: [Used as a subst.,] it is syn. with ↓ خَاصَّةٌ; (Ks, Msb, K;) in which the ة is a corroborative; (Msb;) and which signifies Distinguished people; persons of distinction; the distinguished sort; contr. of عَامَّةٌ: (S, Msb, K:) or the former is contr. of عَامٌّ, and ↓ the latter is contr. of عَامَّةٌ: (TA:) [the pl. of both is خَوَاصٌّ and ↓ خِصَّانٌ and ↓ خُصَّانٌ: or, accord. to rule, the first of these is pl. only of خَاصَّةٌ; and judging from other instances, we should regard the second and third as more probably pls. of خَاصٌّ: but however the case may be,] خِصَّانٌ is syn. with خَوَاصُّ, (S, K,) and so is خُصَّانٌ. (K.) [You say, الخَاصُّ وَالعَامُّ, and وَالعَمَّةُ ↓ الخَاصَّةُ, The distinguished and the common people; the persons of distinction and the vulgar.] You also say, ↓ إِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ هٰذَا خِصَّانٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ meaning خَوَاصُّ مِنْهُمْ [Only distinguished persons of mankind do this]. (S.) b5: [It seems to be also, in some instances, syn. with

↓ خَاصَّةٌ as signifying A particular, peculiar, or special, friend, intimate, familiar, companion, associate, attendant, dependent, or servant:] the latter is explained in the T [and JK] as meaning a person whom thou hast appropriated, particularly distinguished, taken, or chosen, (اِخْتَصَصْتَهُ,) [as a friend, &c.,] to, or for, thyself: (TA:) [and it is used as a sing. and as a pl.: for] you say, هٰذَا خَاصَّتِى [This is my particular, or special, or choice, or choicest, friend, &c.]: and هُمْ خَاصَّتِى [They are my particular, or peculiar, or special, or choice, or choicest, friends, &c.]. (A.) You say also, فُلَانٌ خَاصٌّ لِفُلَانٍ, (Kull p. 174,) or بِفُلَانٍ, (so in the L,) [app. meaning لِفُلَانٍ, unless it be mistranscribed, and the latter be the correct reading, which I think much the more probable;] i. e., Such a one belongs exclusively [as a particular, or peculiar, or special, friend, &c.,] to such a one; (Kull;) and ↓ مُخَصٌّ signifies the same. (L.) b6: See the dim. of خَاصَّةٌ, (namely خُوَيْصَّةٌ,) below.

خَاصَّةٌ: see خَاصٌّ, in four places. b2: It also signifies A property of a thing, not found, or not existing, either wholly or partly, in another thing: and ↓ خَاصِّيَّةٌ [thus correctly written, and thus I have always found it written except by Golius and those who have probably imitated him, who write it without the sheddeh to the ى,] is used as denoting [a property, or particular or peculiar virtue, which is] an unknown cause of a known effect; as that by which a medicine operates: the former differs from the latter in being conventionally applied to an effect, [or effective property,] whether the cause of its existence be known or not: [the pl. of the former is خَوَاصُّ, agreeably with analogy and usage, like as عَوَامُّ is pl. of عَامَّةٌ:] the pl. of the latter is خَاصِّيَّاتٌ [and خَصَائِصُ]; and خَوَاصُّ is a quasi-pl. n., not a pl., of the same. (Kull p. 174. [All the abovementioned words here cited from that work are there without syll. signs, as being well known. Both خاصّة and ↓ خاصّيّة, as here explained, are perhaps post-classical; but of this I am not certain: and both are sometimes used as meaning The peculiar nature of a thing; also termed its essence.]) b3: خَاصَّةً and بِخَاصَّةٍ: see خُصُوصٌ.

خَاصِّيَّةٌ: see خَاصَّةٌ, in two places.

خُوَيْصَّةٌ dim. of خَاصَّةٌ; (A, K;) [like دُوَيْبَّةٌ, q. v., dim. of دَابَّةٌ;] originally خُوَيْصِصَةٌ; (TA;) the ى being quiescent because the ى of the dim. cannot be movent; (A, K;) [properly signifying A little, or young, particular, or peculiar, or special, friend, companion, associate, attendant, or servant; and used in other senses, like other diminutives; implying littleness of estimation; and also affection, and awe.] It is said in a trad., (TA,) عَلَيْكَ بِخُوَيْصَّةِ نَفْسِكَ [Keep thou to the little, or dear, particular friend of thine own self: so it seems to mean accord. to Z, being mentioned by him among the proper expressions belonging to this art.: but accord. to the TK, it appears to be tropical; for the meaning is there said to be, (assumed tropical:) thine own particular state, or condition]. (A, TA.) In another trad., خويصّة is used as signifying A little, young, particular, or peculiar, or special, servant. (TA.) And in another trad. it is said, بَادِرُوا بِالأَعْمَالِ سِتًّا الدَّجَّالِ وَكَذَا وَكَذَا وَخُوَيْصَّةَ أَحَدِكُمْ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) Strive ye to be before six things with [good] works; Antichrist, and such and such things, and the event of death which is specially, or peculiarly, appointed to any one of you: [or, I would rather say, the awful special awaiter of any one of you; though it is asserted that] the diminutive form is here used to denote low estimation of that which it signifies in comparison with what follows it, namely, the resurrection, &c. (TA.) مُخَصٌّ: see خَاصٌّ, last sentence but one.

الطائفُ:
بعد الألف همزة في صورة الياء ثم فاء:
وهو في الإقليم الثاني، وعرضها إحدى وعشرون درجة، وبالطائف عقبة وهي مسيرة يوم للطالع من مكة ونصف يوم للهابط إلى مكة، عمّرها حسين ابن سلامة وسدّها ابنه، وهو عبد نوبيّ وزر لأبي
الحسين بن زياد صاحب اليمن في حدود سنة 430 فعمّر هذه العقبة عمارة يمشي في عرضها ثلاثة جمال بأحمالها، وقال أبو منصور: الطائف العاسّ بالليل، وأما الطائف التي بالغور فسميت طائفا بحائطها المبنيّ حولها المحدق بها، والطائف والطيف في قوله تعالى:
إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ من الشَّيْطانِ 7: 201، ما كان كالخيال والشيء يلمّ بك، وقوله تعالى: فَطافَ عَلَيْها طائِفٌ من رَبِّكَ 68: 19، لا يكون الطائف إلا ليلا ولا يكون نهارا، وقيل في قول أبي طالب بن عبد المطلب:
نحن بنينا طائفا حصينا قالوا: يعني الطائف التي بالغور من القرى. والطائف:
هو وادي وجّ وهو بلاد ثقيف، بينها وبين مكة اثنا عشر فرسخا، قرأت في كتاب ابن الكلبي بخط أحمد بن عبيد الله محجج النحوي: قال هشام عن أبي مسكين عن رجل من ثقيف كان عالما بالطائف قال:
كان رجل من الصّدف يقال له الدّمون بن عبد الملك قتل ابن عمّ له يقال له عمرو بحضرموت ثم أقبل هاربا، وقال:
وحربة ناهك أوجرت عمرا، ... فما لي بعده أبدا قرار
ثم أتى مسعود بن معتب الثقفي ومعه مال كثير وكان تاجرا فقال: أحالفكم لتزوّجوني وأزوّجكم وأبني لكم طوفا عليكم مثل الحائط لا يصل إليكم أحد من العرب، قالوا: فابن، فبنى بذلك المال طوفا عليهم فسمّيت الطائف وتزوّج إليهم فزوّجوه ابنة، قال هشام: وبعض ولد الدمون بالكوفة ولهم بها خطّة مع ثقيف، وكان قبيصة من الدمون هذا على شرطة المغيرة بن شعبة إذ كان على الكوفة، وكانت الطائف تسمّى قبل ذلك وجّا بوجّ بن عبد الحيّ من العماليق وهو أخو أجإ الذي سمّي به جبل طيّء، وهو من الأمم الخالية، قال عرّام:
والطائف ذات مزارع ونخل وأعناب وموز وسائر الفواكه وبها مياه جارية وأودية تنصبّ منها إلى تبالة، وجلّ أهل الطائف ثقيف وحمير وقوم من قريش، وهي على ظهر جبل غزوان، وبغزوان قبائل هذيل، وقال ابن عباس: سمّيت الطائف لأن إبراهيم، عليه السلام، لما أسكن ذرّيته مكة وسأل الله أن يرزق أهلها من الثمرات أمر الله عز وجل قطعة من الأرض أن تسير بشجرها حتى تستقرّ بمكان الطائف فأقبلت وطافت بالبيت ثم أقرّها الله بمكان الطائف فسمّيت الطائف لطوافها بالبيت، وهي مع هذا الاسم الفخم بليدة صغيرة على طرف واد وهي محلّتان: إحداهما على هذا الجانب يقال لها طائف ثقيف والأخرى على هذا الجانب يقال لها الوهط والوادي بين ذلك تجري فيه مياه المدابغ التي يدبغ فيها الأديم يصرع الطيور رائحتها إذا مرّت بها، وبيوتها لاطئة حرجة، وفي أكنافها كروم على جوانب ذلك الجبل فيها من العنب العذب ما لا يوجد مثله في بلد من البلدان، وأما زبيبها فيضرب بحسنه المثل، وهي طيبة الهواء شمالية ربما جمد فيها الماء في الشتاء، وفواكه أهل مكة منها، والجبل الذي هي عليه يقال له غزوان، وروى أبو صالح: ذكرت ثقيف عند ابن عباس فقال، إن ثقيفا والنّخع كانا ابني خالة فخرجا منتجعين ومعهما أعنز لهما وجدي فعرض لهما مصدق لبعض ملوك اليمن فأراد أخذ شاة منهما فقالا: خذ ما شئت إلا هذه الشاة الحلوب فإنّا من لبنها نعيش وولدها، فقال: لا آخذ سواها، فرفقا به فلم يفعل فنظر أحدهما إلى صاحبه وهمّا بقتله ثم إن أحدهما انتزع له سهما فلق به قلبه فخرّ ميتا، فلما نظرا إلى ذلك قال
أحدهما لصاحبه: إنه لن تحملني وإياك الأرض أبدا فاما أن تغرّب وأنا أشرّق وإما أن أغرّب وتشرق أنت، فقال ثقيف: فاني أغرب، وقال النخع:
فأنا أشرق، وكان اسم ثقيف قسيّا واسم النخع جسرا، فمضى النخع حتى نزل ببيشة من أرض اليمن ومضى ثقيف حتى أتى وادي القرى فنزل على عجوز يهودية لا ولد لها فكان يعمل نهارا ويأوي إليها ليلا فاتخذته ولدا لها واتخذها امّا له، فلما حضرها الموت قالت له: يا هذا إنه لا أحد لي غيرك وقد أردت أن أكرمك لإلطافك إيّاي، انظر إذا أنا متّ وواريتني فخذ هذه الدنانير فانتفع بها وخذ هذه القضبان فإذا نزلت واديا تقدر فيه على الماء فاغرسها فاني أرجو أن تنال من ذلك فلاحا بيّنا. ففعل ما أمرته به، فلما ماتت دفنها وأخذ الدنانير والقضبان ومضى سائرا حتى إذا كان قريبا من وجّ، وهي الطائف، إذا هو بأمة حبشية ترعى مائة شاة فطمع فيها وهمّ بقتلها وأخذ الغنم فعرفت ما أراد فقالت: إنك أسررت في طمعا لتقتلني وتأخذ الغنم ولئن فعلت ذلك لتذهبنّ نفسك ولا تحصل من الغنم شيئا لأن مولاي سيد هذا الوادي وهو عامر بن الظرب العدواني، وإني لأظنّك خائفا طريدا، قال: نعم، فقالت: فاني أدلك على خير مما أردت، فقال: وما هو؟ قالت:
إن مولاي يقبل إذا طفلت الشمس للغروب فيصعد هذا الجبل ثم يشرف على الوادي فإذا لم ير فيه أحدا وضع قوسه وجفيره وثيابه ثم انحدر رسوله فنادى: من أراد اللحم والدّرمك، وهو دقيق الحوارى، والتمر واللبن فليأت دار عامر بن الظرب، فيأتيه قومه فاسبقه أنت إلى الصخرة وخذ قوسه ونباله وثيابه فإذا رجع ومن أنت فقل رجل غريب فأنزلني وخائف فأجرني وعزب فزوّجني، ففعل ثقيف ما قالت له الأمة وفعل عامر صاحب الوادي فعله، فلما أن أخذ قوسه ونشّابه وصعد عامر قال له: من أنت؟
فأخبره وقال: أنا قسيّ بن منبّه، فقال هات ما معك فقد أجبتك إلى ما سألت، وانصرف وهو معه إلى وجّ وأرسل إلى قومه كما كان يفعل فلما أكلوا قال لهم عامر: ألست سيدكم؟ قالوا: بلى، قال:
وابن سيّدكم؟ قالوا: بلى، قال: ألستم تجيرون من أجرت وتزوّجون من زوّجت؟ قالوا: بلى، قال: هذا قسيّ بن منبّه بن بكر بن هوازن وقد زوّجته ابنتي فلانة وأمّنته وأنزلته منزلي، فزوّجه ابنة له يقال لها زينب، فقال قومه: قد رضينا بما رضيت، فولدت له عوفا وجشما ثم ماتت فزوّجه أختها فولدت له سلامة ودارسا فانتسبا في اليمن، فدارس في الأزد والآخر في بعض قبائل اليمن، وغرس قسيّ تلك القضبان بوادي وجّ فنبتت فلما أثمرت قالوا: قاتله الله كيف ثقف عامرا حتى بلغ منه ما بلغ وكيف ثقف هذه العيدان حتى جاء منها ما جاء، فسمي ثقيفا من يومئذ، فلم يزل ثقيف مع عدوان حتى كثر ولده وربلوا وقوي جأشهم، وجرت بينهم وبين عدوان هنات وقعت في خلالها حرب انتصرت فيها ثقيف فأخرجوا عدوان عن أرض الطائف واستخلصوها لأنفسهم ثم صارت ثقيف أعز الناس بلدا وأمنعه جانبا وأفضله مسكنا وأخصبه جنابا مع توسطهم الحجاز وإحاطة قبائل مضر واليمن وقضاعة بهم من كل وجه فحمت دارها وكاوحت العرب عنها واستخلصتها وغرست فيها كرومها وحفرت بها أطواءها وكظائمها، وهي من أزد السراة وكنانة وعذرة وقريش ونصر بن معاوية وهوازن جمعا والأوس والخزرج ومزينة وجهينة وغير ذلك من القبائل، ذلك كله يجري والطائف تسمّى وجّا إلى
أن كان ما كان مما تقدّم ذكره من تحويط الحضرمي عليها وتسميتها حينئذ الطائف، وقد ذكر بعض النّساب في تسميتها بالطائف أمرا آخر وهو أنه قال:
لما هلك عامر بن الظرب ورثته ابنتاه زينب وعمرة وكان قسيّ بن منبّه خطب إليه فزوّجه ابنته زينب فولدت له جشما وعوفا ثم ماتت بعد موت عامر فتزوّج أختها وكانت قبله عند صعصعة بن معاوية بن بكر بن هوازن فولدت له عامر بن صعصعة، فكانت الطائف بين ولد ثقيف وولد عامر بن صعصعة، فلما كثر الحيّان قالت ثقيف لبني عامر: إنكم اخترتم العمد على المدن والوبر على الشجر فلستم تعرفون ما نعرف ولا تلطفون ما نلطف ونحن ندعوكم إلى حظ كبير لكم ما في أيديكم من الماشية والإبل والذي في أيدينا من هذه الحدائق فلكم نصف ثمره فتكونوا بادين حاضرين يأتيكم ريف القرى ولا تتكلفوا مؤونة وتقيموا في أموالكم وماشيتكم في بدوكم ولا تتعرضوا للوباء وتشتغلوا عن المرعى، ففعلوا ذلك فكانوا يأتونهم كل عام فيأخذون نصف غلّاتهم، وقد قيل: إن الذي وافقوهم عليه كان الربيع، فلما اشتدّت شوكة ثقيف وكثرت عمارة وجّ رمتهم العرب بالحسد وطمع فيهم من حولهم وغزوهم فاستغاثوا ببني عامر فلم يغيثوهم فأجمعوا على بناء حائط يكون حصنا لهم فكانت النساء تلبّن اللبن والرجال يبنون الحائط حتى فرغوا منه وسموه الطائف لإطافته بهم، وجعلوا لحائطهم بابين: أحدهما لبني يسار والآخر لبني عوف، وسموا باب بني يسار صعبا وباب بني عوف ساحرا، ثم جاءهم بنو عامر ليأخذوا ما تعوّدوه فمنعوهم عنه وجرت بينهم حرب انتصرت فيها ثقيف وتفرّدت بملك الطائف فضربتهم العرب مثلا، فقال أبو طالب ابن عبد المطلب:
منعنا أرضنا من كل حيّ، ... كما امتنعت بطائفها ثقيف
أتاهم معشر كي يسلبوهم، ... فحالت دون ذلكم السيوف
وقال بعض الأنصار:
فكونوا دون بيضكم كقوم ... حموا أعنابهم من كل عادي
وذكر المدائني أن سليمان بن عبد الملك لما حجّ مرّ بالطائف فرأى بيادر الزبيب فقال: ما هذه الحرار؟
فقالوا: ليست حرارا ولكنها بيادر الزبيب، فقال:
لله درّ قسيّ بأيّ أرض وضع سهامه وأيّ أرض مهّد عشّ فروخه! وقال مرداس بن عمرو الثقفي:
فانّ الله لم يؤثر علينا ... غداة يجزّئ الأرض اقتساما
عرفنا سهمنا في الكف يهوي ... كذا نوح، وقسّمنا السهاما
فلما أن أبان لنا اصطفينا ... سنام الأرض، إنّ لها سناما
فأنشأنا خضارم متجرات ... يكون نتاجها عنبا تؤاما
ضفادعها فرائح كلّ يوم ... على جوب يراكضن الحماما
وأسفلها منازل كلّ حيّ، ... وأعلاها ترى أبدا حراما
ثم حسدهم طوائف العرب وقصدوهم فصمدوا لهم وجدّوا في حربهم، فلما لم يظفروا منهم بطائل ولا طمعوا منهم بغرّة تركوهم على حالهم أغبط العرب عيشا إلى أن جاء الإسلام فغزاهم رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فافتتحها في سنة تسع من الهجرة
صلحا وكتب لهم كتابا، نزل عليها رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، في شوال سنة ثمان عند منصرفه من حنين وتحصنوا منه واحتاطوا لأنفسهم غاية الاحتياط فلم يكن إليهم سبيل، ونزل إلى رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، رقيق من رقيق أهل الطائف، منهم: أبو بكرة نفيع بن مسروح مولى رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، في جماعة كثيرة منهم الأزرق الذي تنسب إليه الأزارقة والد نافع بن الأزرق الخارجي الشاري فعتقوا بنزولهم إليه ونصب رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، منجنيقا ودبّابة فأحرقها أهل الطائف فقال رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: لم نؤذن في فتح الطائف، ثم انصرف عنها إلى الجعرّانة ليقسم سبي أهل حنين وغنائمهم فخافت ثقيف أن يعود إليهم فبعثوا اليه وفدهم وتصالحوا على أن يسلموا ويقرّوا على ما في أيديهم من أموالهم وركازهم، فصالحهم رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، على أن يسلموا وعلى أن لا يزنوا ولا يربوا، وكانوا أهل زنا وربا، وفي وقعة الطائف فقئت عين أبي سفيان بن حرب، وقصّة ذلك في كتب المغازي، وكان معاوية يقول: أغبط الناس عيشا عبدي أو قال مولاي سعد، وكان يلي أمواله بالحجاز ويتربّع جدّة ويتقيّظ الطائف ويشتو بمكة، ولذلك وصف محمد بن عبد الله النّميري زينب بنت يوسف أخت الحجاج بالنعمة والرّفاهية فقال:
تشتو بمكة نعمة ... ومصيفها بالطائف
وذكر الأزرقي أبو الوليد عن الكلبي باسناده قال:
لما دعا إبراهيم، عليه السلام: فاجعل أفئدة من الناس تهوي إليهم وارزقهم من الثمرات، فاستجاب الله له فجعله مثابة ورزق أهله من الثمرات فنقل إليهم الطائف، وكانت قرية بالشام وكانت ملجأ للخائف إذا جاءها أمن، وقد افتخرت ثقيف بذلك بما يطول ذكره ويسئم قارئه، وسأقف عند قول غيلان بن سلمة في ذلك حيث قال:
حللنا الحدّ من تلعات قيس ... بحيث يحلّ ذو الحسب الجسيم
وقد علمت قبائل جذم قيس، ... وليس ذوو الجهالة كالعليم،
بأنّا نصبح الأعداء قدما ... سجال الموت بالكأس الوخيم
وأنّا نبتني شرف المعالي، ... وننعش عثرة المولى العديم
وأنّا لم نزل لجأ وكهفا، ... كذاك الكهل منّا والفطيم [1]
وسنذكر في وجّ من القول والشعر ما نوفّق له ويحسن ذكره إن شاء الله تعالى.