اليمامة:
منقول عن اسم طائر يقال له اليمام واحدته يمامة، واختلف فيه فقال الكسائيّ: اليمام من الحمام التي تكون في البيوت والحمام البري، وقال الأصمعي:
اليمام ضرب من الحمام بريّ، وأما الحمام فكل ما كان ذا طوق مثل القمري والفاختة، ويجوز أن يكون من أمّ يؤمّ إذا قصد ثم غيّر لأن الحمام يقصد مساكنه في جميع حالاته، والله أعلم، وقال المرّار الفقعسي:
إذا خفّ ماء المزن فيها تيمّمت ... يمامتها أيّ العداد تروم
وقال بعضهم: يمامة كلّ شيء قطنه، يقال: الحق بيمامتك، وهذا مبلغ اجتهادنا في اشتقاقه ثم وجدت ابن الأنباري قال: هو مأخوذ من اليمم واليمم طائر، قال: ويجوز أن يكون فعالة من يمّمت الشيء إذا
تعمدته، ويجوز أن يكون من الأمام من قولك:
زيد أمامك أي قدامك فأبدلت الهمزة ياء وأدخلت الهاء لأن العرب تقول: أمامة وأمام، قال أبو القاسم الزجاجي: هذا الوجه الأخير غير مستقيم أن يكون يمامة من أمام وأبدلت الهمزة ياء لأنه ليس بمعروف إبدال الهمزة إذا كانت أولا ياء، وأما الذي حكي أن اليمم طائر فإنما هو اليمام، حكى الأصمعي أن العرب تسمي هذه الدواجن التي في البيوت التي يسميها الناس حماما اليمام واحدتها يمامة، قال: والحمام عند العرب ذات أطواق كالقماريّ والقطا والفواخت، واليمامة في الإقليم الثاني، طولها من جهة المغرب إحدى وسبعون درجة وخمس وأربعون دقيقة، وعرضها من جهة الجنوب إحدى وعشرون درجة وثلاثون دقيقة، وفي كتاب العزيزي: إنها في الإقليم الثالث، وعرضها خمس وثلاثون درجة، وكان فتحها وقتل مسيلمة الكذاب في أيام أبي بكر الصديق، رضي الله عنه، سنة 12 للهجرة وفتحها أمير المسلمين خالد ابن الوليد عنوة ثم صولحوا، وبين اليمامة والبحرين عشرة أيام، وهي معدودة من نجد وقاعدتها حجر، وتسمى اليمامة جوّا والعروض، بفتح العين، وكان اسمها قديما جوّا فسميت اليمامة باليمامة بنت سهم بن طسم، قال أهل السير: كانت منازل طسم وجديس اليمامة وكانت تدعى جوّا وما حولها إلى البحرين ومنازل عاد الأولى الأحقاف، وهو الرمل ما بين عمان إلى الشحر إلى حضرموت إلى عدن أبين، وكانت منازل عبيل يثرب ومســاكن أميم برمل عالج، وهي أرض وبار، ومســاكن جرهم بتهائم اليمن ثم لحقوا بمكة ونزلوا على إسماعيل، عليه السّلام، فنشأ معهم وتزوج منهم كما ذكرنا في مكة، وكانت منازل العماليق موضع صنعاء اليوم ثم خرجوا فنزلوا حول مكة ولحقت طائفة منهم بالشام وبمصر وتفرقت طائفة منهم في جزيرة العرب إلى العراق والبحرين إلى عمان، وقيل: إن فراعنة مصر كانوا من العماليق كان منهم فرعون إبراهيم، عليه السّلام، واسمه سنان ابن علوان، وفرعون يوسف، عليه السّلام، واسمه الريّان بن الوليد، وفرعون موسى، عليه السّلام، واسمه الوليد بن مصعب، وكان ملك الحجاز رجلا من العماليق يقال له الأرقم، وكان الضحاك المعروف عند العجم ببيوراسف من العماليق غلب على ملك العجم بالعراق وهو فيما بين موسى وداود، عليه السّلام، وكان منزله بقرية يقال لها ترس، ويقال إنه من الأزد، ويقال إن طسما وجديسا هما من ولد الأزد ابن إرم بن لاوذ بن سام بن نوح، عليه السّلام، أقاموا باليمامة وهي كانت تسمى جوّا والقرية وكثروا بها وربلوا حتى ملك عليهم ملك من طسم يقال له عمليق ابن هباش بن هيلس بن ملادس بن هركوس بن طسم وكان جبارا ظلوما غشوما، وكانت اليمامة أحسن بلاد الله أرضا وأكثرها خيرا وشجرا ونخلا، قالوا:
وتنازع رجل يقال له قابس وامرأته هزيلة جديسيّان في مولود لهما أراد أبوه أخذه فأبت أمه فارتفعا إلى الملك عمليق فقالت المرأة: أيها الملك هذا ابني حملته تسعا، ووضعته رفعا، وأرضعته شبعا، ولم أنل منه نفعا، حتى إذا تمت أوصاله، واستوفى فصاله، أراد بعلي أن يأخذه كرها، ويتركني ولهى، فقال الرجل: أيها الملك أعطيتها المهر كاملا، ولم أصب منها طائلا، إلا ولدا خاملا، فافعل ما كنت فاعلا، على أنني حملته قبل أن تحمله، وكفلت أمه قبل أن تكفله، فقالت: أيها الملك حمله خفّا وحملته ثقلا، ووضعه شهوة ووضعته كرها! فلما رأى عمليق متانة حجتهما تحير فلم يدر بم يحكم فأمر بالغلام أن
يقبض منهما وأن يجعل في غلمانه وقال للمرأة:
أبغيه ولدا، وأجزيه صفدا، ولا تنكحي بعد أحدا، فقالت: أما النكاح فبالمهر، وأما السفاح فبالقهر، وما لي فيهما من أمر، فأمر عمليق بالزوج والمرأة أن يباعا ويردّ على زوجها خمس ثمنها ويرد على المرأة عشر ثمن زوجها، فاسترقّا، فقالت هزيلة:
أتينا أخا طسم ليحكم بيننا، ... فأظهر حكما في هزيلة ظالما
لعمري لقد حكمت لا متورّعا، ... ولا كنت فيما يلزم الحكم حاكما
ندمت ولم أندم، وأنّى بعترتي، ... وأصبح بعلي في الحكومة نادما
فبلغت أبياتها إلى عمليق فأمر أن لا تزوج بكر من جديس حتى تدخل عليه فيكون هو الذي يفترعها قبل زوجها، فلقوا من ذلك ذلّا حتى تزوجت امرأة من جديس يقال لها عفيرة بنت غفار أخت سيد جديس أي الأسود بن غفار وكان جلدا فاتكا، فلما كانت ليلة الإهداء خرجت والبنات حولها لتحمل إلى عمليق وهنّ يضربن بمعازفهنّ ويقلن:
ابدي بعمليق وقومي فاركبي، ... وبادري الصبح بأمر معجب
فسوف تلقين الذي لم تطلبي، ... وما لبكر دونه من مهرب
ثم أدخلت على عمليق فافترعها، وقيل: انها امتنعت عليه وكانت أيّدة فخاف العار فوجأها بحديدة في قبلها فأدماها فخرجت وقد تقاصرت عليها نفسها فشقت ثوبها من خلفها ودماؤها تسيل على قدميها فمرّت بأخيها وهو في جمع من قومه وهي تبكي وتقول:
لا أحد أذلّ من جديس ... أهكذا يفعل بالعروس؟
يرضى بهذا الفعل قطّ الحرّ ... هذا وقد أعطى وسيق المهر
لأخذه الموت كذا لنفسه ... خير من أن يفعل ذا بعرسه
فأغضب ذلك أخاها فأخذ بيدها ورفعها إلى نادي قومها وهي تقول:
أيجمل أن يؤتى إلى فتياتكم ... وأنتم رجال فيكم عدد الرمل؟
أيجمل تمشي في الدماء فتاتكم ... صبيحة زفّت في العشاء إلى بعل؟
فإن أنتم لم تغضبوا بعد هذه ... فكونوا نساء لا تغبّ من الكحل
ودونكم ثوب العروس فإنما ... خلقتم لأثواب العروس وللغسل
فلو أننا كنا رجالا وكنتم ... نساء لكنّا لا نقرّ على الذلّ
فموتوا كراما أو أميتوا عدوّكم، ... وكونوا كنار شبّ بالحطب الجزل
وإلّا فخلّوا بطنها وتحمّلوا ... إلى بلد قفر وهزل من الهزل
فللموت خير من مقام على أذى، ... وللهزل خير من مقام على ثكل
فدبّوا إليهم بالصوارم والقنا ... وكلّ حسام محدث العهد بالصقل
ولا تجزعوا للحرب قومي فإنما ... يقوم رجال للرجال على رجل
فيهلك فيها كل وغل مواكل، ... ويسلم فيها ذو الجلادة والفضل
فلما سمعت جديس منها ذلك امتلأوا غضبا ونكّسوا حياء وخجلا فقال أخوها الأسود: يا قوم أطيعوني فإنه عز الدهر فليس القوم بأعز منكم ولا أجلد ولولا تواكلنا لما أطعناهم وإن فينا لمنعة، فقال له قومه:
أشر بما ترى فنحن لك تابعون ولما تدعونا إليه مسارعون إلا أنك تعلم أن القوم أكثر منا عددا ونخاف أن لا نقوم لهم عند المنابذة، فقال لهم: قد رأيت أن أصنع للملك طعاما ثم أدعوه وقومه فإذا جاءونا قمت أنا إلى الملك وقتلته وقام كل واحد منكم إلى رئيس من رؤسائهم يفرغ منه فإذا فرغنا من الأعيان لم يبق للباقين قوة، فنهتهم أخت الأسود بن غفار عن الغدر وقالت: نافروهم فلعل الله أن ينصركم عليهم لظلمهم بكم، فعصوها، فقالت:
لا تغدرنّ فإن الغدر منقصة، ... وكل عيب يرى عيبا وإن صغرا
إني أخاف عليكم مثل تلك غدا، ... وفي الأمور تدابير لمن نظرا
حشّوا شعيرا لهم فينا مناهدة، ... فكلكم باسل أرجو له الظفرا
شتّان باغ علينا غير موتئد ... يغشى الظّلامة لن تبقي ولن تذرا
فأجابها أخوها الأسود وقال:
إنّا لعمرك لا نبدي مناهدة ... نخاف منها صروف الدهر إن ظفرا
اني زعيم لطسم حين تحضرنا ... عند الطعام بضرب يهتك القصرا
وصنع الأسود الطعام وأكثر وأمر قومه أن يدفن كل واحد منهم سيفه تحته في الرمل مشهورا، وجاء الملك في قومه فلما جلسوا للأكل وثب الأسود على الملك فقتله ووثب قومه على رجال طسم حتى أبادوا أشرافهم ثم قتلوا باقيهم، وقال الأسود بن غفار عند ذلك:
ذوقي ببغيك يا طسم مجلّلة، ... فقد أتيت لعمري أعجب العجب
إنا أنفنا فلم ننفكّ نقتلهم، ... والبغي هيّج منا سورة الغضب
فلن تعودوا لبغي بعدها أبدا، ... لكن تكونوا بلا أنف ولا ذنب
فلو رعيتم لنا قربى مؤكّدة ... كنّا الأقارب في الأرحام والنسب
وقال جديلة بن المشمخرّ الجديسي وكان من سادات جديس:
لقد نهيت أخا طسم وقلت له: ... لا يذهبنّ بك الأهواء والمرح
واخش العواقب، إنّ الظلم مهلكة، ... وكلّ فرحة ظلم عندها ترح
فما أطاع لنا أمرا فنعذره، ... وذو النصيحة عند الأمر ينتصح
فلم يزل ذاك ينمي من فعالهم ... حتى استعادوا لأمر الغي فافتضحوا
فباد آخرهم من عند أولهم، ... ولم يكن لهم رشد ولا فلح
فنحن بعدهم في الحقّ نفعله ... نسقي الغبوق إذا شئنا ونصطبح
فليت طسما على ما كان إذ فسدوا ... كانوا بعافية من بعد ذا صلحوا
إذا لكنّا لهم عزّا وممنعة ... فينا مقاول تسمو للعلى رجح
وهرب رجل من طسم يقال له رياح بن مرة حتى لحق بتبّع قيل أسعد تبان بن كليكرب بن تبع الأكبر ابن الأقرن بن شمر يرعش بن أفريقس، وقيل: بل لحق بحسان بن تبع الحميري وكان بنجران، وقيل:
بالحرم من مكة، فاستغاث به وقال: نحن عبيدك ورعيتك وقد اعتدى علينا جديس، ثم رفع عقيرته ينشده:
أجبني إلى قوم دعوك لغدرهم ... إلى قتلهم فيها عليهم لك العذر
دعونا وكنّا آمنين لغدرهم، ... فأهلكنا غدر يشاب به مكر
وقالوا: اشهدونا مؤنسين لتنعموا ... ونقضي حقوقا من جوار له حجر
فلما انتهينا للمجالس كلّلوا ... كما كللت أسد مجوّعة خزر
فإنك لم تسمع بيوم ولن ترى ... كيوم أباد الحيّ طسما به المكر
أتيناهم في أزرنا ونعالنا، ... علينا الملاء الخضر والحلل الحمر
فصرنا لحوما بالعراء وطعمة ... تنازعنا ذئب الرّثيمة والنّمر
فدونك قوم ليس لله منهم ... ولا لهم منه حجاب ولا ستر
فأجابه إلى سواله ووعده بنصره ثم رأى منه تباطؤا فقال:
إني طلبت لأوتاري ومظلمتي ... يا آل حسّان يال العزّ والكرم
المنعمين إذا ما نعمة ذكرت، ... الواصلين بلا قربى ولا رحم
وعند حسّان نصر إن ظفرت به ... منه يمين ورأي غير مقتسم
إني أتيتك كيما أن تكون لنا ... حصنا حصينا ووردا غير مزدحم
فارحم أيامى وأيتاما بمهلكة، ... يا خير ماش على ساق وذي قدم
إني رأيت جديسا ليس يمنعها ... من المحارم ما يخشى من النّقم
فسر بخيلك تظفر إن قتلتهم ... تشفي الصدور من الأضرار والسقم
لا تزهدنّ فإنّ القوم عندهم ... مثل النعاج تراعي زاهر السّلم
ومقربات خناذيذ مسوّمة ... تعشي العيون وأصناف من النعم
قال: فسار تبع في جيوشه حتى قرب من جوّ، فلما
كان على مقدار ليلة منها عند جبل هناك قال رياح الطسمي: توقف أيها الملك فإن لي أختا متزوّجة في جديس يقال لها يمامة وهي أبصر خلق الله على بعد فإنها ترى الشخص من مسيرة يوم وليلة وإني أخاف أن ترانا وتنذر بنا القوم، فأقام تبع في ذلك الجبل وأمر رجلا أن يصعد الجبل فينظر ماذا يرى، فلما صعد الجبل دخل في رجله شوكة فأكبّ على رجله يستخرجها فأبصرته اليمامة وكانت زرقاء العين فقالت:
يا قوم إني أرى على الجبل الفلاني رجلا وما أظنه إلّا عينا فاحذروه! فقالوا لها: ما يصنع؟ فقالت: إما يخصف نعلا أو ينهش كتفا، فكذّبوها، ثمّ إنّ رياحا قال للملك: مر أصحابك ليقطعوا من الشجر أغصانا ويستتروا بها ليشبهوا على اليمامة وليسيروا كذلك ليلا، فقال تبع: أوفي الليل تبصر مثل النهار؟ قال: نعم أيها الملك بصرها بالليل أنفذ، فأمر تبع أصحابه بذلك فقطعوا الشجر وأخذ كل رجل بيده غصنا حتى إذا دنوا من اليمامة ليلا نظرت اليمامة فقالت: يا آل جديس سارت إليكم الشّجراء أو جاءتكم أوائل خيل حمير، فكذبوها فصبحتهم حمير فهرب الأسود بن غفار في نفر من قومه ومعه أخته فلحق بجبلي طيّء فنزل هناك، فيقال إن له هناك بقية، وفي شرح هذه القصة يقول الأعشى:
إذا أبصرت نظرة ليست بفاحشة ... إذا رفّع الآل رأس الكلب فارتفعا
قالت: أرى رجلا في كفه كتف، ... أو يخصف النعل، لهفا أيّة صنعا!
فكذّبوها بما قالت فصبّحهم ... ذو آل حسّان يزجي السّمر والسّلعا
فاستنزلوا آل جوّ من منازلهم، ... وهدّموا شاخص البنيان فاتضعا
ولما نزل بجديس ما نزل قالت لهم زرقاء اليمامة:
كيف رأيتم قولي؟ وأنشأت تقول:
خذوا خذوا حذركم يا قوم ينفعكم، ... فليس ما قد أرى م الأمر يحتقر
إني أرى شجرا من خلفها بشر، ... لأمر اجتمع الأقوام والشجر
وهي من أبيات ركيكة، وفتح تبّع حصون اليمامة وامتنع عليه الحصن الذي كانت فيه زرقاء اليمامة فصابره تبّع حتى افتتحه وقبض على زرقاء اليمامة وعلى صاحب الحصن وكان اسمه لا يكلم ثم قال لليمامة: ماذا رأيت وكيف أنذرت قومك بنا؟ فقالت: رأيت رجلا عليه مسح أسود وهو ينكبّ على شيء فأخبرتهم أنه ينهش كتفا أو يخصف نعلا، فقال تبّع للرجل: ماذا صنعت حين صعدت الجبل؟ فقال: انقطع شراك نعلي ودخلت شوكة في رجلي فعالجت إصلاحها بفمي وعالجت نعلي بيدي، قال: فأمر تبّع بقلع عينيها وقال: أحب أن أرى الذي أرى لها هذا النظر، فلما قلع عينيها وجد عروقهما كلها محشوة بالإثمد، قالوا:
وكان قال لها أنّى لك حدّة البصر هذه؟ قالت: إني كنت آخذ حجرا أسود فأدقّه وأكتحل به فكان يقوّي بصري، فيقال إنها أول من اكتحل بالإثمد من العرب، قالوا: ولما قلع عينيها أمر بصلبها على باب جوّ وأن تسمى باسمها فسميت باسمها إلى الآن، وقال تبع يذكر ذلك:
وسمّيت جوّا باليمامة بعد ما ... تركت عيونا باليمامة همّلا
نزعت بها عيني فتاة بصيرة ... رغاما ولم أحفل بذلك محفلا
تركت جديسا كالحصيد مطرّحا، ... وسقت نساء القوم سوقا معجّلا
أدنت جديسا دين طسم بفعلها، ... ولم أك لولا فعلها ذاك أفعلا
وقلت: خذيها يا جديس بأختها، ... وأنت لعمري كنت للظلم أولا!
فلا تدع جوّ ما بقيت باسمها، ... ولكنها تدعى اليمامة مقبلا
قالوا: وخربت اليمامة من يومئذ لأن تبّعا قتل أهلها وسار عنها ولم يخلّف بها أحدا فلم تزل على ذلك حتى كان من حديث عبيد بن ثعلبة بن يربوع بن ثعلبة بن الدّؤل بن حنيفة ما ذكرته في حجر، وممن ينسب إلى اليمامة جبير بن الحسن من أهل اليمامة قدم الشام ورأى عمر بن عبد العزيز وسمع رجاء بن حيوة ويعلى بن شدّاد بن أوس وعطاء ونافعا وعون بن عبد الله بن عتبة والحسن البصري، وروى عنه الأوزاعي وأبو إسحاق الفزاري ويحيى بن حمزة وعبد الصمد بن عبد الأعلى السلامي وعكرمة بن عمّار وخالد بن عبد الرحمن الخراساني وعلي بن الجعد، قال عثمان بن سعيد الدارمي: سألت يحيى بن معين عن جبير فقال: ليس بشيء، وقال أبو حاتم: لا أرى بحديثه بأسا، قال النسائي: هو ضعيف.

سنف

1 سَنَفَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـِ and سَنُفَ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. سَنْفٌ; (M, K;) and ↓ اسنقهُ; (S, * M, K;) or, accord. to As, the latter only; (S;) He bound the سِنَاف [q. v.] upon the camel: (S, M, K:) and the latter, he put to him (i. e. the camel), or made for him, a سِنَاف; (K, TA;) thus expl. by El-'Ozeyzee. (TA.) [Hence, accord. to some,] one says, in a prov., of a person confounded or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, in his affair, ↓ عَىَّ بِالإِسْنَافِ, (S, Meyd,) meaning He was confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, by reason of fright, like him who knows not where to bind the سِنَاف: (Z, TA:) it originated from the fact of a man's being thus confounded, or perplexed: (Meyd:) a poet says, (namely, Ibn-Kulthoom, TA,) إِذَا مَا عَىَّ بِالإِسْنَافِ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الأَمْرِ المُشَبَّهِ أَنْ يَكُونَا [as though meaning When a people are unable to find the right way to bind the سناف, in consequence of the affair that is uncertain to be: (thus related by Meyd; but in the TA with حَىٌّ in the place of قوم, and عَلَى in the place of من:)] Az, however, says that this is not the meaning: that الاسناف here signifies the advancing, or preceding; and that the meaning is, are unable to find the right way of advancing, or preceding; (Meyd, TA;) from أَسْنَفَ said of a horse, expl. below. (TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph.4 اسنف, inf. n. إِسْنَافٌ: see above, in two places. b2: Hence, i. e. from this verb in the sense expl. in the first sentence, (S, TA,) اسنف أَمْرَهُ (tropical:) He performed his affair skilfully, soundly, or thoroughly. (S, M, K, TA.) A2: Also He (a horse) preceded the other horses: (S, TA:) and اسنفت she (a camel) preceded the other camels (K, TA) in going, or journeying, or pace; (TA;) as also ↓ سَنَفَتْ. (K, TA.) [See the verse cited in the preceding paragraph, and the explanation of it by Az.] Said of a camel, it means also He put forward his neck, to go on: (K, TA:) or he advanced, or preceded. (TA.) b2: Said of lightning, It appeared, or was seen, near; and so said of the clouds (السَّحَاب). (K.) b3: And اسنفت الر ِّيحُ The wind blew violently, and raised the dust. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) سَنْفٌ: see the next paragraph.

سِنْفٌ A leaf; (M, and so in copies of the K, and in the TA;) or leaves: (so in other copies of the K:) pl. سِنْفٌ; thus in the copies of the K, [like the sing.,] but this requires consideration; and it seems that it is سُنُوفٌ, a pl. assigned to سِنْفٌ in a sense that will be mentioned in what follows: (TA:) [or the pl. is سِنَفَةٌ, likewise mentioned, as a pl. of سِنْفٌ, in what follows, in three places:] also (K) the leaf of the [tree called]

مَرْخ: (AA, S, O, K:) or the pericarp of the مَرْخ: (S, M, O, K:) this, says IB, is the correct meaning, as those acquainted with the مرخ affirm; for, as 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh says, the مرخ has not leaves, nor thorns, but consists of slender twigs; it grows in [water-courses such as are termed] شُعَب: (TA:) a poet likens thereto the ears of horses: (S:) the pl. is سِنَفَةٌ: (M:) or the pericarps of any tree having a produce consisting of grains in a long pod, (AHn, O, K,) that become scattered, when they dry, from that pod, the shale thereof remaining; (AHn, O;) one such pod is termed ↓ سِنْفَةٌ; (AHn, O, K;) and the pl. [or coll. gen. n.] is سِنْفٌ; (K;) and this last has for its pl. سِنَفَةٌ: (AHn, O, K:) Aboo-Ziyád says that it is like [the pod of] the بَاقِلَّى [or bean], except that it is wider, and pointed at the extremity; wherefore a poet likens thereto the ear of a horse: (O:) or, accord. to AHn, ↓ سِنْفَةٌ signifies any pericarp, whether oblong or not oblong; and the pl. [or coll. gen. n.] is سِنْفٌ; and the pl. of سِنْفٌ is سِنَفَةٌ: (M:) [see also حُبْلَةٌ:] and the shale of the [bean called]

بَاقِلَّآء, and of the [species of kidney-bean called]

لُوبِيَآء, and of the lentil, and the like; (IAar, TA;) or the shale of the first of these three when what was in it has been eaten; (K;) and the pl. is سُنُوفٌ. (IAar, TA.) b2: Also, (K,) or ↓ سَنْفٌ, with fet-h, (IAar, O, L,) A branch, or twig, (عُودٌ,) stripped of its leaves. (IAar, O, L, K.) b3: And the former, The [grain called] دَوْسَر [i. e.

زُؤَان, q. v.,] which is sometimes in wheat and barley, (O, K,) and which vitiates them, and lowers their prices. (O.) A2: Also i. q. صِنْفٌ [A sort, or species]. (K.) One says, هٰذَا طَعَامٌ سِنْفَانِ [This is food, or wheat,] of two sorts, good and bad. (AA, O.) b2: And A company of men. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) One says, جَآءَنِى سِنْفٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ A company of men came to me. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) سِنْفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

سُنْفَتَانِ and سَنْفَتَانِ Two pieces of wood set upright, between which is put the [pulley called]

مَحَالَة [by means whereof water is drawn.] (K.) سِنَافٌ The [breast-girth called] لَبَب: (K:) or the appertenance of the camel that is as the لَبَب to the horse or similar beast: (Kh, S:) or a cord which you tie to the تَصْدِير [or breast-girth of the camel], then you bring it forward so as to put it behind the callous protuberance upon the breast, [and there, app., make it fast in some manner,] and it keeps the تصدير in its place: (As, S, O, K:) this is done only when the belly of the camel has become lank, and his تصدير has [consequently] become unsteady: (S, O, K: *) or a cord that is tied from the hind girth of the camel to his breast-girth and is then tied to his neck, when he has become lank: (M:) pl. [of mult.]

سُنُفٌ (M, K) and سُنْفٌ (K) and [of pauc.] أَسْنِفَةٌ: (TA:) and a leathern strap or thong, or some other thing, that is put behind the [breast-girth called] لَبَب, in order that it may not slip [from its place]. (M.) سَنُوفٌ A horse that shifts the saddle forwards. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) [See also مِسْنَافٌ.]

سَنِيفٌ A cloth that is put, (AA, O, K,) or tied, (M,) upon the shoulders of the camel: pl. سُنُفٌ (AA, M, O, K) and سُنْفٌ: (K:) the cloths that are similarly placed upon the hinder parts of camels are called أَشِلَّةٌ [pl. of شَلِيلٌ]. (AA, O.) b2: Also The حَاشِيَة [properly meaning selvage, or selvedge,] of a carpet; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K;) i. e., its خَمْل [which generally means nap; but this addition I think doubtful]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) مُسْنَفَةٌ A she-camel having the سِنَاف [q. v.] tied upon her. (S, TA.) b2: And خَيْلٌ مُسْنَفَاتٌ Horses having the [withers, or parts called] مَنَاسِج high, or elevated: denoting a quality approved in them; for it is only in the best, and the generous, thereof: and when they are thus, the saddles recede upon their backs; wherefore the سِنَاف is put to them, to keep the saddles in their places. (M.) مُسْنِفَةٌ A mare, (S, M, K,) and a she-camel, (M,) preceding others in going, or journeying, or pace; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ مِسْنَافٌ: (M:) and مَسَانِيفٌ [being pl. of the latter] signifies the same; and is applied to camels: (Th, TA:) or [so in the K, but more properly “ and ”] مُسْنَفَةٌ, with fet-h to the ن is specially applied to the she-camel, (K, TA,) in the sense first assigned to it above: (TA:) or مُسْنِفَةٌ, (K, TA,) with kesr to the ن, (TA,) signifies a [youthful she-camel such as is termed] بَكْرَة that has completed the tenth month of her pregnancy, and whose udder has become swollen. (Ibn-'Abbád, K, TA,) b2: Also, (El-'Ozeyzee, O, K,) or مُسْنِفٌ and ↓ مِسْنَافٌ, (AA, M,) applied to a she-camel, Lean, or light of flesh, (AA, El-'Ozeyzee, M, O, K,) or lank in the belly. (AA, M.) b3: And مُسْنِفَةٌ signifies also Land affected with drought, barrenness, or dearth: (El-'Ozeyzee, O, K:) or a year of drought, barrenness, or dearth: [thus expl. as a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant:] pl. مَسَانِفُ. (AHn, M.) مِسْنَافٌ (tropical:) A camel that makes the saddle to shift backwards; (S, M, K, TA;) wherefore a سِنَاف is put to him: (S, TA:) and, (K,) or as some say, (S,) that makes it to shift forwards: (S, K, TA:) so says Lth: but ISh disallows his explanation, saying that it means a she-camel that makes the load to shift forwards; and that مِجْنَأَةٌ [a word which I have not found anywhere except in this instance] signifies the contrary: (TA:) or that makes her fore girth to slip forward; contr. of مُدْرِجٌ and مِدْرَاجٌ. (TA in art. درج.) b2: See also مُسْنِفَةٌ, in two places.

عهر

1 عَهَرَ المَرْأَةَ, (K,) or عَهَرَ إِلَيْهَا, (M, Mgh, O,) aor. ـَ (M, Mgh, O, K,) inf. n. عَهْرٌ and عَهَرٌ (Mgh, O, K) and عِهْرٌ, (K,) or this last is a simple subst., (S,) or a quasi-inf. n., (TA,) and عُهُورٌ (O, K) and عَهَرَانٌ (O) and عَهَارَةٌ and عُهُورَةٌ; (K;) and ↓ عَاهَرَهَا, inf. n. عِهَارٌ; (K;) He came to the woman by night for the purpose of adultery or fornication: (Mgh, O, * TA:) and hence the committing adultery or fornication, absolutely, has become the predominant signification: (TA:) or he came to her by night for that purpose, or by day: (K:) or he committed adultery or fornication (فُجُور) with her at any time, in the night or in the day, i. e., with a free woman or a slave: (TA:) or عَهَرَ بِهَا, inf. n. عَهْرٌ, he committed adultery or fornication with her (فَجَرَ بِهَا) by night: (IKtt, TA:) and عَهَرَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K, MS,) or ـُ (Msb,) [but this I think a mistake,] inf. n. عَهْرٌ and عَهَرٌ, (S,) or عُهُورٌ, (Msb,) or all the forms mentioned above, (accord. to the K,) he committed adultery or fornication; syn. زَنَى, (S, K, TA,) or فَجَرَ; (Msb;) as also عَهِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَهَرٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ عاهر; and ↓ تَعَيْهَرَ: (TA:) you say بِهَا ↓ عاهر he committed adultery or fornication with her, i. e., with a free woman or a slave: (TA, from a trad.:) or عَهَرَ signifies he stole: (K:) and he followed evil, (K, TA,) whether by committing adultery or fornication, or by transgressing [in any other manner], or quitting the way of truth or justice, or forsaking the command of God: (TA:) and ↓ تَعَيْهَرَ he was, or became, an adulterer or a fornicator, following evil: (S:) and ↓ عَيْهَرَتْ and ↓ تَعَيْهَرَتْ she (a woman) committed adultery or fornication: (TA:) or she was, or became, light, or active, and volatile, (Kr, K,) not remaining fixed in her place, (Kr,) without continence. (K, not added by Kr.) 3 عَاْهَرَ see the preceding paragraph, in three places. Q. Q. 1 عَيْهَرَتْ: see 1, near the end. Q. Q. 2 تَعَيْهَرَ and تَعَيْهَرَتْ: see 1, in three places.

عَهْرٌ: see عَاهِرٌ.

عِهْرٌ Adultery or fornication. (S, O.) [See also 1.]

عَهَرَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

عَهِرَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

عُهَيْرَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

عَاهِرٌ An adulterer or a fornicator; (S, O, Msb;) as also ↓ عَهْرٌ [originally an inf. n.]: and ↓ عُهْيَرَةٌ occurs in a trad. in the same sense, as a dim. of عَهْرٌ: or, accord. to ISh, on the authority of Ru-beh, عَاهِرٌ signifies one who follows evil, whether by committing adultery or fornication, or by stealing: (O, TA:) or, as in the L, whether by committing adultery or fornication, or by transgressing [in any other manner], or quitting the way of truth or justice, or forsaking the command of God; أَوْ فَاسِقًا being put in the L in the place of او سَارِقًا: (TA:) or any one who does that which induces doubt, or suspicion or evil opinion, or doubt combined with suspicion or evil opinion: (A, TA:) pl. عُهَّارٌ. (Ham p. 131.) It is said in a trad., الوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الحَجَرُ, (S, Mgh, O, &c.,) i. e., The child is for the master of the bed, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) meaning, the husband (Msb, TA) of the child's mother, or, if she be a slave, her owner; (TA;) and for the adulterer, or fornicator, disappointment; (Msb;) meaning, he shall have no right of relationship, (A'Obeyd, S, Mgh, O, Msb,) nor any share in the child: (TA:) like the saying لَهُ التُّرَابُ, (A'Obeyd, Mgh, O, Msb,) which means “ [he has, or shall have, or may he have,] disappointment,” (Msb,) or “ nothing: ” (Mgh, O, TA:) for some of the Arabs used to establish relationship arising from adultery or fornication; therefore the law annulled this: (Msb:) some, however, explain it agreeably with the apparent [or literal] meaning, and for the adulterer, or fornicator, stoning. (Mgh.) [See also art. حجر.] b2: Also عَاهِرَةٌ (Az, S) and عَاهِرٌ, (K, TA,) if not a verbal epithet, [but a possessive epithet meaning properly ذَاتُ عِهْرٍ,] (TA,) A woman who comes to a man by night for the purpose of فُجُور [adultery or fornication], or by day; as also ↓ مُعَاهِرَةٌ (K) and ↓ مُعَاهِرٌ: (CK: [but this is app. a mistake:]) an adulteress or a fornicatress; as also ↓ مُعَاهِرَةٌ (Az, S, O) and ↓ عَيْهَرَةٌ; (S;) which last is originally ↓ عَهَرَةٌ, like ثَمَرَةٌ, with an augmentative ى: (Th, Mbr:) or عَيْهَرَةٌ signifies a woman light, or active, and volatile, (Kr, O, K,) who does not remain fixed in her place, (Kr, O,) without continence: (K, not added by Kr:) and ↓ عَهِرَةٌ signifies the same as عَاهِرَةٌ, applied to a woman. (O, TA.) عَيْهَرٌ A strong camel. (O, K.) b2: عَيْهَرَةٌ: see عَاهِرٌ, near the end. b3: Also The [kind of goblin, or demon, called] غُول. (O, K.) عَيْهَرَانٌ The male of the عَيْهَرَة, i. e. غُول: pl. عَيَاهِيرُ. (O, K.) مُعَاهِرٌ, and with ة: see عَاهِرٌ, near the end, in three places.

سبل: سَبْل يَسُبُل سَبْلاً: سبَّ وشتم (محيط المحيط) سبل الشعر: أرسله (محيط المحيط) = أسبل. وانظر: سبل سَبَّل (بالتشديد): جعل شيئاً في سبيل الله وأعطاه.
ويقال: سبَّل عليه (فوك). وفي كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص70 و): وسبَّل عليهم الخيل بسروجها. ويقال خاصة. سبّل الماء أعطاه للعطشان مجاناً (زيشر 11: 513، لين عادات 2: 23) ويعني الفعل سبَّل أيضاً أعطى الشيء مجاناً، وتركه لاستعمال العامة مجانا ويقال: سبَلّ له (مملوك 1، 1: 23) ففي بعض العبارات التي نقلت فيه نجد هذا الفعل قد استعمل استعمالاً جديراً بالملاحظة، ففيه مثلاً: سَبَّل البيت الشريف لسائر الناس أي فتح البيت الشريف لدخول سائر الناس - وفيه: تسبيل السبل للحج، أي جعل الطرق حرة للحج. وسبّلنا حماهم للحمام في كل سبيل، أي تركنا حماهم للموت في كل سبيل. وقصدن بفروجهن تسبيل فروجهن أي قصدن بخروجهن إعطاء فروجهن أي الزنا.
سَبَّل: استعمل (؟) (الكالا).
سَبَّل: مهد الطريق (باين سميت 954).
أسبل. إسبال اليدين: إرسال اليدين إلى جانبي المصلى في الصلاة وهو عند المالكية والروافض (ابن بطوطة 2: 352).
تسبل على: أعَطي مجاناً (فوك). انسبل: مطاوع سبل بمعنى أرخى (فوك).
انسبل: ارتخى (بوشر).
استسبل: استبسل للموت: طلب الموت مجاهداً في سبيل الله (معجم البيان).
سَبْل = إسبال: إرسال، إرخاء (الكامل للمبرد ص27، 411).
سَبَل: صنف من الجلبان (ابن العوام 2: 69، 2: 70).
سَبَل: مرض العين (انظر لين) وتنفخ في جدار شريان العين (بوشر) وطبقة الجلد الدهنية (سنج) سَبْلَة: نوع من الدراعات الواسعة الفضفاضة ترتديها النساء في مصر إذا خرجن من بيوتهن ويرتدين فوقها الحبرة. (الملابس ص199، عويدي ص395).
سَبَلَة: شارب وتجمع على سِبال. وقد اعتبرت سبال مفرداً فجمعت على سبل واسبلة (فليشر في تعليقه على المقري 2: 816، بريشت ص202) سَبلة (عند النجارين): البرد الرقيق الذي تفلج به أسنان المنشار (محيط المحيط).
سَبلة النهر: الماء الشديد الجري (محيط المحيط).
سبول. ذرة (تونس). مجلة الشرق والجزائر 7: 262.
سبول الفار: ثيل، نجيل (هلو) phalaris ( براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر (8: 281).
سَبُول: ترجمها بيرناور في الجريدة الأسيوية (1861، 1: 16) بما معناه: خرنوب عذب، خَرَّوب عذب، غير أني لا أدري إذا ما كانت هذه العبارة فيها صحيحة.
سَبَيلِ. السبيلان: الإست والذكر أو الإست والفرج ففي معجم المنصوري: عجان هو ما بين السبيلَيْن من الذكور والإناث (محيط المحيط).
سبيل النساء: الحيض (محيط المحيط).
سبيل: حجة. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص240): جعل على نفسه سبيلاً، أي جعل له حجة للقضاء عليه.
سبيل: حرج وسبب للعقوبة، ففي القرآن الكريم: ما على المحسنين من سبيل، أي ليس عليهم جناح ولا إلى معاتبتهم سبيل، كما يقول البيضاوي، ومنه المثل عند المولَّدين: ما على المحسن سبيل وقد فسر في محيط المحيط بمعارضة.
ليس لك علي سبيل أي حجة تعتل بها (محيط المحيط) ليس عليّ في كذا سبيل أي حرج (محيط المحيط) ومنه قول الحريري ملغزاً في ميل (ص475).
وما ناكح أختين جهرا وخفية ... وليس عليه في النكاح سبيل
وقد فسرت بلا إثم عليه ولا حرج.
سبيلنا أن نفعل كذا: أي نحن جديرون بفعله (محيط المحيط).
جمال السبيل: الإبل المخصصة لحمل المنقطعين عن القافلة. ففي العبدري (ص46 و): وكان الفرسان في مقدمة القافلة ومؤخرتها يجمعون المتأخرين ومعهم جمال السبيل يحملون المنقطعين.
هو منك بسبيل: هو دائم الصلة بك (الحماسة ص638).
سائر أبواب الإمارة والملك الذي هو (السلطان بسبيله. أي الذي يلتقي به كثيراً المقدمة 2: 278 مع تعليقه دي سلان.
اخذ بسبيل: أحاط علما. فهم (بوشر) لا تأخذه بسبيل المزح: لا تعتبر هذا مزحاً (بوشر) ترك سبيله: تركه يفعل ما يريد (ألف ليلة 1: 3).
أجابه إلى سبيله: أعطاه ما طلب. ففي حيان (ص39 و): استدعى من الأمير تجديد الاسجال له على ما بيده فأجابه إلى سبيله وجدد الاسجال له على ما في يده.
خَلَّي سبيله: أطلقه وتركه يرحل (فريتاج طرائف ص57).
راح إلى حال سبيله: مضى في طريقه (بوشر، ألف ليلة 1: 65). ويقال أيضاً: مضى لسبيله (المقري 1: 317).
سبيل: سبيل الله: ففي ألف ليلة (1: 74) وصرخ الحمال، الذي تلقى الضربات وخشي أن يتلقى ضربات أخرى: في سبيل الله رقبتي وأكتافي، وهذا مثل ما نقول، رقبتي وأكتافي استشهدوا في سبيل الله وفي عبارة أخرى (برسل 9: 266): فقال إلا في سبيل الله عليك، لابد إن معناها أحلفك باسم الله أن تخبرني. لأن في طبعة ماكن في هذا الموضع: فقال بحق الاسم الأعظم أن تخبرني.
السبيل: اختصار سبيل الله، ففي رحلة ابن بطوطة (2: 46): هو موقوف في السبيل لا يلزم اأحداً في دخوله شيء، ومن هذا قيل للسبيل أي مجاناً بغير أجرة أي في سبيل الله، ففي مملوك (1: 229): عملت التوابيت لتغسيل الموتى للسبيل بغير أجرة. وهناك أمثلة أخرى (ابن جبير ص186، 188).
ويقال أيضاً: مكتب السبيل أي مدرسة في سبيل الله بغير أجرة، وكذلك: مكتب سبيل.
كاتب السبيل: كاتب بغير أجرة (مملوك 141) وخان السبيل (ابن جبير ص259)
وأخيراً فقد استعملت كلمة السبيل مجازاً بمعنى ما يؤسس أو ينذر في سبيل الله لسائر الناس، ففي مملوك (1: 1): السبيل كل هبة أو عطية تقدم في سبيل الله للحصول على رضا الله مثل التضحية بالنفس والمال والجهاد وحفر الآبار في الطرق التي لا ماء فيها. وبناء الخانات لنزول المسافرين في المناطق الخالية من السكان. وبناء المصانع وأحواض الماء في الطرقات. وهذه الأخيرة هي التي تسمى السبيل في بلاد الشام (زيشر 11: 512 رقم 38). وفي البيان (2: 252): بيت المال الذي للسبيل بداخل المسجد الجامع بقرطبة وسبيل، عند ابن خلكان (1: 610): زاد يقدم مجاناً للمسافرين، (وفيه) وكان يقيم في كل سنة سبيلاً للحاج وسيرَّ معه جميع ما تدعو حاجة المسافر إليه في الطريق.
وسبيل بمعنى فسقية ماء عامة يسميها المقريزي سبيل الماء غير أنها تسمى عادة سبيل فقط (مملوك 1: 1).
وسبيل عند بركهارت: بناية صغيرة مثل الرواق بجانب الفسقية يصلى فيها المسافرون ويستريحون.
سَبُولة، سبولة الدرة: الذرة البيضاء. (دوماس صحارى ص295).
سَبولة وسَبُولى: يطلق في مراكش على خنجر ذي حدين (دومب ص81).
سبّالة: فسقية، عين ماء (بوشر، باربيبه) وحوض ماء في مؤسسة دينية (براكس، مجلة الشرق والجزائر 6: 291) وحوض ماء للجمهور (رولاند، همبرت ص186 جزائرية) وفسقية ماء كبيرة مع حوض ومنهل (بليسبيه ص60، 61).
سَّبالة: سبالة الماء (الجريدة الآسيوية 1852، 2: 222) وفي تاريخ تونس (ص81): وأمر السلطان ببناء سبالة باب أبي سعدون.
سبالة وتجمع على سبايل: قنينة سدادها من زجاج، قارورة (شيرب ديال ص140).
سابل: عام، مشاع الاستعمال (معجم الماوردي).
إسبلان وفي قول بعضهم مسبلان: عود طويل ذو شعبتين يتناول به الشوك من بعد (محيط المحيط).
مُسَبلّ: من نذر نفسه للموت في الحرب فأقدم على مخاطرها (بربر دجر ص112). وارى إنها اختصار قولهم: مسبّل نفسه. انظر فيما تقدم استبسل للموت أي نذر نفسه للموت في سبيل الله.
مُسَبّلات: اختصار مسبلات أنفسهن. ويظهر أن معناها راهبات. ففي كرتاس (ص237) وفي كلامه على استيلاء المسلمين على حصن للنصارى واسروا ما بقي من الرجال والنساء والمسبلات.
مُسَبّل: من يوزع ماء السبيل (انظر سبيل). (زيشر 11: 512).
مسبلان: انظر اسبلان.

سبل

2 سبّلهُ, inf. n. تَسْبِيلٌ, means جَعَلَهُ فِى سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ [He assigned it, or the profit, or revenue, or usufruct, thereof, to be employed in the way, meaning cause, of God, or of religion; or in the doing of anything, or all, that God has commanded, or of the works whereby one pursues the way that leads to advancement in the favour of God; he dedicated it to pious, or charitable, uses or purposes]; (K, TA;) as though [meaning] he made it a trodden way [whereby to advance] to [the favour of] God. (TA.) Yousay, سبّل ضَيْعَتَهُ, using the verb in this sense [i. e. He assigned the profit, or revenue, or usufruct, of his estate to be employed in the cause of God, or of religion]; (S;) to be given to the wayfarer, and the poor, and the warrior against unbelievers, and others. (TA voce سَبِيلٌ.) and سبّل التَّمَرَةَ He assigned the profit to be employed in the ways of good works (Mgh, Msb) and the various kinds of pious deeds: (Msb:) or he made the profit to be allowable, or free, to those for whose benefit the property itself was made unalienable in perpetuity. (TA. [See an ex. in the first paragraph of art. حبس, relating to some palm-trees which 'Omar desired to give in charity.]) A2: سبّل, [either سَبَّلَ or, سُبِّلَ both app. allowable, (see the part. ns., below,)] He (a man) was, or became, long in the سَبَلَة [q. v.]; as though he had a long سَبَلَة given to him. (TA.) b2: See also 4.4 أَسْبَلَتِ الطَّرِيقُ The road had many passengers following, or succeeding, one another, or going repeatedly to and fro, upon it. (M, K.) A2: اسبل إِزَارَهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. إِسْبَالٌ, (TA,) He let loose, let down, or lowered, his waist-wrapper; (S, M, K;) and so السِّتْرَ the veil, or curtain, (Msb,) or he let down, let fall, or made to hang down, the veil, or curtain: (Mgh:) the former act is forbidden in a trad. (TA.) And اسبلت ذَيْلَهَا [She made her skirt to hang down; or to hang down low, so that she dragged it on the ground]; said of a woman. (M.) And اسبل ثَوْبَهُ He dragged his garment [on the ground]; (O;) and ↓ سبّلهُ signifies the same, (O, TA,) inf. n. تَسْبِيلٌ. (TA.) And اسبل ذَنَبَهُ He made his tail to hang down; he hung down his tail; said of a horse. (M.) b2: [Hence,] اسبل المَآءَ (assumed tropical:) He (a man) poured forth the water. (Msb.) and اسبل دَمْعَهُ (M, K, TA) (tropical:) He shed, or let fall, his tears. (K, TA.) A3: The verb is also similarly used intransitively. (TA.) You say, of a part of the beard, اسبل عَلَى الصَّدْرِ [It fell, or hung down, upon the breast]. (Az, O, TA.) b2: and اسبل المَطَرُ (tropical:) The rain let fall a shower, and became dense; as though it let down a curtain: (A, TA: [but accord. to this explanation, the verb is app. trans.; and the phrase, elliptical:]) or the rain fell continuously, or in consecutive showers, and in large drops: and in like manner, الدَّمْعُ the tears. (S, K,) b3: And اسبلت السَّمَآءُ (Az, S, M, K) (assumed tropical:) The sky let fall its rain issuing from the clouds and not as yet having reached the earth: (Az, S, TA:) or [simply] the sky rained. (K.) And اسبلت أَرْوَاقُ العَيْنِ (tropical:) The sides of the eye shed tears. (O, K, * TA, all in art. روق.) b4: And اسبل عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He poured forth his speech against him abundantly, [or in torrents,] (A, K, * TA,) like as rain pours. (A. TA.) A4: اسبل الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its سُنْبُل [or ears]; (S;) and so ↓ سَنْبَلَ; (S, Mgh, Msb;) or put forth its سَبَل, (Msb in explanation of the former,) which is syn. with سُنْبُل, (S, M, Msb, K,) or its سَبُولَة: (K in explanation of the former:) [Mtr says,] ↓ تَسَنْبَلَ I have not found. (Mgh.) Q. Q. 1 سَنْبَلَ: see 4, last sentence: A2: and art. سنبل.

Q. Q. 2 تَسَنْبَلَ: see 4, last sentence.

سَبَلٌ A thing that one has let loose, let down, let fall, or made to hang down, and to drag [on the ground]; like as نَشَرٌ signifies “ a thing that one has spread ” &c.: whence the trad., مَنْ جَرَّ سَبَلَهُ مِنَ الخُيَلَآءِ لَا يَنْظُرُ اللّٰهُ يَوْمَ القِيٰمَةِ [He who drags what he has made to hang down of his garment from pride, or self-conceit, God will not look towards him on the day of resurrection]: (O:) or سَبَلٌ means garments made to hang down [so as to drag]; and is pl. of ↓ سَبَلَةٌ; [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which سَبَلَةٌ is the n. un.;] whence جَرَّ سَبَلَتَهُ, (TA,) which means [He dragged his garment; though said to mean,] his garments. (K, TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) Rain: (S, M, K:) or rain issuing from the clouds and not as yet having reached the earth: (Az, S, TA:) or flowing rain: and likewise flowing blood. (Ham p. 359.) b3: [Hence, app., as indicating swiftness,] سَبَلُ is the name of (assumed tropical:) A certain mare, (S, K,) an excellent mare, said by As to have been the mother of أَعْوَجُ, and to have belonged to [the tribe of] Ghanee. (S, TA.) b4: And سَبَلٌ [or سَبَلُ as a fem. proper name] is a name for (assumed tropical:) A ewe, or she-goat: and such is called to be milked by saying سَبَلْ سَبَلْ. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) A2: Also i. q. ↓ سُنْبُلٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) which signifies The ears of corn: (MA: [and in like manner both are expl. in the KL, but as singulars, app. because used as gen. ns.:]) n. un. of the former with ↓ ة, and so of ↓ the latter: and the pl. of ↓ سُنْبُلٌ, which is of the measure فُنْعُلٌ, is سَنَابِلُ: (Msb:) or this is pl. of سُنْبُلَةٌ, (S,) as also سُنْبُلَاتٌ: (Kur xii. 43 and 46:) or سُنْبُلَةٌ [in the CK (erroneously) سُبْلَة] signifies an ear of corn [so I render زَرْعَةٌ (in the CK زُرْعَة)] that is bending, or inclining, as also ↓ سَبُولَةٌ [mentioned in one of my two copies of the S as syn. with سُنْبُلَةٌ but not in the other copy] and ↓ سُبُولَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ سَبَلَةٌ; (K;) or, accord. to Lth, ↓ سَبُولَةٌ signifies an ear (سُنْبُلَة) of millet (ذُرَة), and of rice, and the like, when bending, or inclining: (O, TA:) and some say that سَبَلٌ signifies spreading, or expanding, awn of the سُنْبُل [or ears of corn]; (M, TA;) or the extremities thereof; (TA;) and the pl. is سُبُولٌ; (M;) or سبول is syn. with سُنْبُلٌ, in the dial. of بنو هميان [?]. (TA.) ↓ السُّنْبُلَةُ is also the name of A certain sign of the Zodiac [i. e. Virgo]: (S in the present art., and K in art. سنبل:) [or Spica Virginis;] a star in Virgo; thus called by astrologers; also called السِّمَاكُ الأَعْزَلُ. (Kzw. [See art. سمك.]) الطِّيبِ ↓ سُنْبُلُ is A well-known plant, [spikenard, which is called in the present day السُّنْبُلُ الهِنْدِىُّ,] brought from India. (O. [See also art. سنبل.]) b2: Also sing. of أَسْبَالٌ, which signifies (assumed tropical:) The uppermost parts of a bucket, (O,) or the lips thereof: (S:) or ↓ سَبَلَةٌ is the sing. of أَسْبَالٌ in these senses; and signifies (tropical:) the head of a vessel [like as it signifies the “ ear,” which is the “ head,” of a culm of wheat &c.]. (TA.) Yousay, مَلَأَهَا إِلَى أَسْبَالِهَا (tropical:) He filled it (i. e. the winecup, الكَأْسَ, M, TA, or the bucket, الدَّلْوَ, O) to its edges, (M, K, TA,) and to its lips. (K.) And a poet says, (S,) namely Bá'ith Ibn-Sureym El-Yeshkuree, (TA,) إِذْ أَرْسَلُونِى مَاتِحًا بِدِلَائِهِمْ فَمَلَأْتُهُا عَلَقًا إِلَى أَسْبَالِهَا [When they sent me drawing with their buckets, and I filled them with blood to their brims]: he says, they sent me seeking to execute their blood-revenges, and I slew many: العَلَق meaning “ blood. ” (S, TA. [See also Ham p. 268, where some different readings are mentioned; and it is said that the اسبال may mean the knots that are connected with the cross-pieces of wood of the bucket.]) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A number of spears, few or many. (K. [Perhaps because their heads are likened to the heads of corn.]) A3: Also The nose: (K:) pl. سِبَالٌ: so in the Moheet. (TA.) One says, أَرْغَمَ اللّٰهُ سَبَلَهُ [May God make his nose to cleave to the earth, or dust: or (assumed tropical:) abase, or humble, him]. (TA.) A4: And Garments made of the hards, or hurds, of flax of the coarsest of qualities: and so ↓ سَبَلَةٌ [if one of these words be not a mistranscription for the other]. (TA.) A5: And A certain disease in the eye, [thus رِيحُ السَّبَلِ is expl. in the M,] resembling a film, as though it were the web of a spider, with red veins: (S:) or a film of the eye, from the swelling, or inflation, of its external veins upon the surface of the مُلْتَحِمَة, (K,) which is one of the layers of the eye, (TA,) [namely, the tunica albuginea, or white of the eye, so called in the present day,] and the appearance of a web, or thing woven, between the two, [i. e. between those veins and the white tunic,] like smoke: (K:) or a film covering the eye; as though from إِسْبَالْ meaning the “ letting down ” of a veil, or curtain. (Mgh.) A6: Also A reviling, or vilifying. (K.) One says, بَيْنِى وَ بَيْنَهُ سَبَلٌ Between me and him is a reviling, or vilifying: so in the Moheet. (TA.) سَبِلٌ [is app. a possessive epithet, meaning Having length and flaccidity]. خُصْيَةٌ سَبِلَةٌ means[A scrotum] that is long (M, K, TA) and flaccid. (TA.) سُبْلَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A rain of wide extent. (IAar, O, K.) سَبَلَةٌ: see سَبَلٌ, in five places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The شَارِب [or mustache]: (S:) or the دَائِرَة [or small protuberance termed حِثْرِمَة, q. v.,] in the middle of the upper lip: or the hair that is upon [app. meaning of] the شَارِب; (M, K;) whence the saying, طَالَتْ سَبَلَتُكَ فَقُصَّهَا [thy hair of the mustache has become long, therefore clip it]; and it is tropical: (TA:) or the extremity of that hair: (M, K:) or the two mustaches together: (M, K: *) or what is upon the chin, to the extremity of the beard: or the fore part of the beard: (M, K:) or what hangs down, of, or from, the fore part of the beard: (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) or, accord. to Az, it signifies, with the Arabs, the fore part of the beard, and what hangs down thereof, or therefrom, upon the breast: or, accord. to IDrd, some of them apply it to the extremity of the beard; and some, to the hair of the mustache that hangs down on the beard: in a trad., in which it is said that he [Mohammad] was full in the سَبَلَة, Az says that it means the hairs beneath the lower jaw: accord. to Az, it is what appears, of the fore part of the beard, after [or exclusive of] the hair of the side of each cheek and the عُثْنُون [here app. meaning the portion of the beard next the front of the throat], and what is concealed [thereof]: (TA:) or, accord. to Th, the beard altogether: (M:) the pl. is سِبَالٌ, (S, K,) [to which ة is sometimes added, agreeably with a common license, as appears from an ex. in what follows,] and سَبَلَاتٌ, occurring in the saying, إِنَّهُ لَذُو سَبَلَاتٍ, mentioned by Lh, in which the term سَبَلَة is made to apply to every separate portion [so that the meaning is, Verily he has a سَبَلَة]. (M.) One says, of enemies, هُمْ صُهْبُ السِّبَالِ (assumed tropical:) [They are red, or reddish, in respect of the mustaches, &c.: see art. صهب]. (TA.) and of a man who has come threatening, one says, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ وَ قَدْ نَشَرَ سَبَلَتَهُ (tropical:) [Such a one came having spread out his mustache, &c.]. (K, * TA.) And in a trad. respecting Dhu-th-Thudeiyeh, [see art. ثدى,] it is said, عَلَيْهِ شُعَيْرَاتٌ مِثْلُ سِبَالَةِ السِّنَّوْرِ [app. meaning (assumed tropical:) Having upon him small hairs like the whiskers of the cat]. TA.) b3: سَبَلَةُ البَعِيرِ means (assumed tropical:) The part of the camel, in which he is stabbed, or stuck, in the uppermost part of the breast; (T, M;) called also the تَرِيبَة: (T:) or the fur that flows down upon that part of the camel. (M, K. [In the CK, مَنْخَرِه is erroneously put for مَنْحَرِهِ.]) You say لَتَبَ فِى سَبَلَةِ النَّاقَةِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He stabbed, or stuck, the she-camel in the part above mentioned: (M in art. لتب: [in the K, in the present art., كَتَبَ is erroneously put, in this phrase, in the place of لَتَبَ:]) Az heard an Arab of the desert say لَتَمَ فِى سَبَلَةِ بَعِيرِهِ, [which means the same as لَتَبَ,] and he supposes the سَبَلَة to be hairs in the part above mentioned. (TA.) You say also, بَعِيرٌ حَسَنُ السَّبَلَةِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) [A camel goodly in respect of] the thinness of his skin (جِلْدِهِ): so in the O and K: but accord. to the T, of his cheek (خَدِّهِ); and this is probably the right explanation. (TA.) سَبَلَانِىٌّ: see أَسْبَلُ.

سَبِيلٌ A way, road, or path; (S, M, Msb, K;) and what is open, or conspicuous, thereof; (M, K;) and Er-Rághib adds, wherein is easiness: (TA:) and ↓ سَبِيلَةٌ signifies the same: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) the former is masc. and fem.; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) like زُقَاقٌ; (Msb;) made fem. by the people of El-Hijáz, and masc. by Temeem; (Akh, S voce زُقَاقٌ;) but mostly fem.; (IAth, TA;) in the Kur it is made masc. in vii. 143, and fem. in xii. 108: (S, M, TA:) pl. سُبُلٌ, (M, K,) or, accord. to ISk, it has this pl. when masc., and سُبُولٌ, like عُنُوقٌ when fem., (Msb, [but this distinction and the latter pl. are both strange,]) and it has also as a pl. [of pauc.]

أَسْبِلَةٌ. (TA.) In the saying, وَ عَلَى اللّٰهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ [And upon God it rests to show the right way (see art. قصد)], (M, K,) in the Kur [xvi. 9], (M,) it is used as a gen. n., because it is added, وَ مِنْهَا جَائِرٌ. (M, K.) b2: اِبْنُ السَّبِيلِ means (assumed tropical:) The son of the road; (M, K;) he whom the road has brought, or [as it were] brought forth; (IB;) the wayfarer, or traveller: (Mgh, Msb:) or he who travels much or often: (TA:) or the traveller who is far from his place of abode: (Er-Rághib:) as used in the verse of the Kur, (M, Mgh, Msb,) ix, 60, (M,) it means the person to whom the way has become cut short [so that he is unable to continue his journey]; (M, K;) to which has been added, who desires to return to his country, or town, and finds not what will suffice him: (TA:) or the traveller who is cut off from his property: (Mgh, Msb:) or the person who desires to go to a country, or town, other than his own, for a necessary affair: or, accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, the guest who has become disabled from proceeding in his journey, his means having failed him: to such should be given as much as will suffice him to his home. (TA.) b3: تَقْطَعُونَ السَّبِيلَ, in the Kur [xxix. 28], means (assumed tropical:) [And ye cut off] the way of offspring [by your unnatural practices]: or and ye oppose yourselves to men in the roads [or road] for the purpose of that which is excessively, or enormously, foul or abominable. (TA.) b4: [سَبِيلُ اللّٰهِ means (assumed tropical:) The way, or cause, of God, or of religion; or the way whereby one seeks approach to God, or advancement in his favour.] It is said in the Kur [ii. 191], وَ أَنْفِقُوا فِى سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) And expend ye in warring against unbelievers and the like, and in every good work commanded by God; (M, K;) such being of the ways [that lead] to God: (M:) mostly used in relation to warring against unbelievers and the like. (M, K.) And in the same, iii. 163, الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِى سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ, meaning [Who have been slain in the cause of God, or of his religion, i. e.,] for the sake of the religion of God. (Jel.) And you say, جَعَلَ ضَيْعَتَهُ فِى سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ (assumed tropical:) [He made his estate to have its profit, or revenue, or usufruct, employed in the cause of God, or of religion]. (S.) b5: سَبِيلٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A means of access; a connexion, or a tie: so in the saying, in the Kur [xxv. 29], يَا لَيْتَنِى اتَّخَذْتُ مَعَ الرَّسُولِ سَبِيلًا (assumed tropical:) [O would that I had obtained, with the Apostle, a means of access to Paradise]: (S, Msb, TA:) thus it has been explained: (TA:) or the meaning is, [O would that I had taken, with the Apostle,] a way to safety: or one way, the way of truth. (Bd.) b6: [Also, in the present day, applied to A public drinking-fountain.]

سَبُولَةٌ and سُبُولَةٌ: see سَبَلٌ, in three places.

سَبِيلَةٌ: see سَبِيلٌ, first sentence.

سَابِلٌ Travelling upon a road: pl. سَوَابِلُ and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ سَابِلَةٌ; (TA:) this last signifies travellers, (S, M, *) or a company of people, (Mgh, K,) following, or succeeding, one another, or going repeatedly to and fro, (S, M, Mgh, K,) upon the roads, (S, Mgh,) or upon the road, (M, K,) for the accomplishment of their wants: it is made fem. as denoting a جَمَاعَة. (Mgh.) b2: Also, ↓ سَابِلَةٌ, (TA in art. شغر,) or سَبِيلٌ سَابِلَةٌ, (M, K, * TA,) A travelled road; (M, K, TA;) a beaten road. (TA in art. شغر.) A2: غَيْثٌ سَابِلٌ (assumed tropical:) Rain falling continuously, or in successive showers, and in large drops, and copiously. (TA.) سَابِلَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

سُنْبُلٌ and سُنْبُلَةٌ: see سَبَلٌ, in five places: and see also art. سنبل.

سَلْسَبِيلُ the name of A certain fountain in Paradise: determinate; [without tenween;] but occurring at the end of a verse of the Kur [lxxvi. 18], (Akh, S, K,) and being with fet-h, (Akh, S,) ا is added to it, (Akh, S, K,) for the sake of conformity [with the endings of other verses before and after it]. (K.) See also art. سلسبل.

أَسْبَلُ (tropical:) A man long in the سَبَلَة [q. v., here said in the TA to mean the beard, but this is questionable], as also ↓ سَبَلَانِىٌّ and ↓ مُسْبِلٌ and ↓ مُسْبَلٌ and ↓ مُسَبِّلٌ and ↓ مُسَبَّلٌ. (M, K, TA.) b2: And the fem., سَبْلَآءُ, (assumed tropical:) A woman having hair in the place of the mustache. (TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) An eye having long lashes. (M, K.) مُسْبَلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُسْبِلٌ A man lengthening his garment, and making it to hang down to the ground. (IAar, TA.) [And in like manner,] applied to a woman, [though without ة,] Who has made her skirt to hang down [app. to the ground]. (M.) b2: See also أَسْبَلُ. b3: And المُسْبِلُ signifies (tropical:) The penis: (M, K, TA:) because of its pendulousness. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) The [lizard called] ضَبّ. (K.) b5: and the fifth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر: (M, K:) or the sixth of those arrows, (Lh, S, M, K,) also called المُصْفَحُ, (S,) in which are six notches, and to which are assigned six shares [of the slaughtered camel] if it win, and six fines if it do not win: (M:) pl. المَسَابِلُ. (TA.) b6: And مُسْبِلٌ is one of the names of Dhul-Hijjeh; (M, K; *) of the time of 'Ád. (M.) مُسَبَّلٌ: see أَسْبَلُ. b2: Also An ugly old man: (K:) app. because of the length of his beard. (TA.) مُسَبِّلٌ: see أَسْبَلُ.

عهد: عَهِد: تعهَّد، وعد وأشهد الله على ذلك. (ألكالا). وفيه: عَهَد.
اعْهَدْ: أوصِ بمعنى تهيأ للموت. (معجم الطرائف).
عهد لفلان، عهد لابنه: أوصى بحقوقه لابنه (دي ساسي طرائف 2: 24).
عهد بفلان. لعهده بهم يومئذ: لالتقائه بهم يومئذ. (دي سلان، تاريخ البربر 2: 169).
عهد من فلان وبفلان، ففي ألف ليلة 1: 100): وكنت اعهد منه بدين الاسلام، وقد ترجمها لين إلى الإنجليزية بما معناه: حضضته ونصحته من قبل باعتناق الإسلام.
عاهَد. عاهد فلاناً على: وعده ب، (بوشر).
عهد ب: نذر على نفسه، وهي مرادف: نذر لله. (فوك).
تَعهَّد: زار، وتردّد إلى المكان. (ويجرز ص13).
وفي تاريخ البربر (1: 440): وانقبض تجار النصارى عن تعَّد بلاد المسلمين.
تعهَّد فلاناً: اعتنى به، ووفّر له حاجاته، وقام بمعاشه. (معجم الطرائف). وفيه: عالج مريضاً، غير إنه ليس في النص ما يدل على أن فلانا هذا كان مريضاً.
تعَّهد فلاناً: اهتم به وتفقده، ورعاه. (انظر لين) وفي ألف ليلة (1: 269): وهو يتعهد العجوز وينظر إليها كل وقت. وهذا أيضاً في طبعة بولاق. وفي طبعة برسل (2: 298): تعاهَد.
التعَهَّدُ (المصدر): إكباب ومثابرة على الدرس.
ففي عباد (1: 245): انصرف إلى الأدب وحصل منه لثقوب ذهنه على قطعة وافرة علقها من غير تعَّهد لها ولا إمعان في غمارها.
تعَّهد: قبل الاقتراح، ووافق على العرض. (تاريخ البربر 1: 564).
تعَّهد فلاناً وبه: أرسل إليه كل حين أو من وقت لآخر بعض الأشياء. ففي حَيان (15و): تعَّهدهم بالصلات. وفي تاريخ البربر (1: 148): صاروا يتعهد ونهم بالجباية بعض السنين. وفيه (2: 26): تعهدهم بالجوائز والخِلَع. وفيه (2: 51): تعهدهم بالعطاء. أو بمعنى أرسل فقط، ففي حيّان- بسّام (3: 140ق): لم يتعهدوه فيها (فيما) بَعْدُ بفارس ولا درهم.
تعهَّد إلى فلان وبه: أوصاه به، وتشفع فيه إليه، وزكّاه. (تاريخ البربر 1: 516).
تعهَّد: تكفّل، أخذ على نفسه، ألزم نفسه (بوشر).
تعهّد: حالف، تحالف. (هلو).
تعاهد: زار، تردد إليه. (فوك).
ويقال: تعاهد مع. وانظر: تعاهده بالزيارة (تاريخ البربر 1: 359).
تعاهد الشيء: اعتنى به، ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص174): فَلْتُحْسِن تعاهُدَك لنفسك فانك إذا فعلت ذلك جاءك الخير يطلبك كما يطلب الماء انحداره.
تعاهد فلانا ب: أرسل إليه في كل حين أو من وقت إلى آخر شيئاً ما، مثل تعَّهد. (أخبار ص52). وأظن أن صاحب المعجم اللاتيني أراد نفس هذا المعنى في تفسير: dirigo) premitto ونجد في عبارات أخرى نفس المعنى، ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 206). مثلاً: تعاهدهم بحُنُوه: أي أظهر لهم الحنان دائماً. وفيه (1: 106): يتعاهدون الرؤوس بالحلق. أي يحلقون رؤوسهم من حين إلى آخر.
وفي التقويم (ص42): ويتعاهد نَقْصُ الامتلاء بالفصد والدواء. أي يداوون كظّة الدم وزيادته ووفرته بالعنصر والإسهال من حين إلى آخر.
تعاهد مع فلان على: تحالف معه على، واتفق معه وتعاقد على. (فوك).
اعتهّد: نفَّذ، أنجز. (الفخري ص174).
عَهْد: وعد، عقد عرفي. (بوشر).
عَهْد: فرمان. (محيط المحيط).
العهد القديم والجديد: الأسفار المقدسة التي كتبت قبل المسيح وبعد المسيح (محيط المحيط).
عَهْد: عند الدراويش: حفل كان الدراويش يقيمونه لتلقين العضو الجديد أسرار طريقتهم. انظر (لين عادات 1: 370).
عَهْد: موعد، مكان اللقاء، ملتقى .. (بوشر).
خميس العهد: خميس جمعة الآلام. خميس القربان أو الأسرار، لين عادات (2: 364).
عَهْدَة: في معجم لين (2183) عهد مرادف ذمة. ويقول ابن جبير (ص344): المقام تحت عهدة الذمة.
عُهْدَة: لا ادري ما هو المعنى الدقيق لهذه الكلمة التي وردت في عبارة حَيان- بسّام (3: 5ق): لم يكن جواداً ولم يكن بخيلا أعطى وحرم وجاد وبخل فكأنَّه نجا من عهدة الذَّم.
عُهْدة: أجل، موعد معين للجواب. (ألكالا).
عليه عهدة: يمكن الاعتماد عليه. (بوشر).
عهدة الشيخ عند أهل لبنان: مقاطعته (محيط المحيط).
مَعهْد: موضع التسلية والانشراح واللهو. (المقري 1: 304) = (مُنْتَزَه 2: 409) وانظر: 1: 308).
مَعْهَد: اسم زمان، ويستعمل بنفس المعنى الذي تستعمل به كلمة عَهْد في قولهم: متى عهدك بفلان، عهدي به قريب. (معجم مسلم).
مَعْهُود. المعهود: المعروف. ويكنى به عن آلة التناسل. (ألف ليلة 1: 899).
موضع معهود موضع اللقاء، ملتقى. (بوشر).
غير معهود: غير منتظر، غير متوقع، طارئ (بوشر).
مُعاهِد. كنا معاهدين نشاهد أشياء عجيبة: كنا نؤمل ونتوقع مشاهدة أشياء عجيبة. (بوشر).
مُعَاهَدة: اتفاق بين ملكين. (محيط المحيط).

عهد

1 عَهِدَ إِلَيْهِ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. عَهْدٌ, (TA,) He enjoined, charged, bade, ordered, or commanded, him; (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA;) as also مِنْهُ ↓ استعهد. (A.) One says, عَهِدْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِالأَمْرِ I enjoined him, or charged him, &c., to do the thing. (Msb.) And it is said in the Kur [xxxvi. 60], أَلَمْ أَعْهَدْ إِلَيْكُمْ يَا بَنِى آدَمَ أَنْ لَا تَعْبُدُوا الشَّيْطَانَ [Did I not enjoin you, or charge you, &c., O sons of Adam, that ye should not serve the Devil? or, saying, Serve not ye the Devil?]. (O, Msb.) [And in the same, ii. 119, وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرٰهِيمَ وَإِسْمٰعِيلَ أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِى And we enjoined, or charged, &c., Abraham and Ishmael, saying, Purify ye my house.] And one says also, عَهِدَ إِلَيْه فِيهِ, meaning تَقَدَّمَ [i. e. He enjoined him, or charged him, &c., respecting it, or to do it]. (TK.) And He obliged him to do it. (L in art. عقد.) b2: Also He imposed a condition, or conditions, upon him; (A;) and so مِنْهُ ↓ استعهد: (A, K:) which latter signifies (O, K) also (K) he wrote a statement of a compact, covenant, confederacy, or league, as binding upon him. (O, K.) b3: And He made a compact, contract, covenant, or the like, with him; or a promise to him. (MA.) [See also 3.] b4: And عَهِدَ إِلَىَّ فُلَانٌ فِى

كَذَا Such a one was, or became, or made himself, responsible, answerable, accountable, amenable, surety, or guarantee, to me, for, or in respect of, such a thing. (TK.) A2: عَهِدَ وَعْدَهُ, inf. n. عَهْدٌ, He fulfilled his promise. (TK.) b2: And عَهِدَ الحُرْمَةَ, inf. n. as above, He was mindful, regardful, or observant, of that which should be sacred, or inviolable; or of that which was entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence. (TK.) A3: عَهِدَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. عَهْدٌ, (Msb, K,) He met, or met with, him, or it, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) بِمَكَانِ كَذَا in such a place. (S, Mgh, Msb.) [See also عَهْدٌ below.] b2: And He knew, or was acquainted with, him, or it, (Msb, K, * TA,) عَلَى حَالٍ in a state, or condition, or فِى مَكَانٍ in a place. (TA.) And عُهِدَ He, or it, was known. (S, O.) One says, الأَمْرُ كَمَا عَهِدْتَ The affair, or case, was as thou knewest. (Msb.) And the saying of Umm-Zara, وَلَا يَسْأَلُ عَمَّا عَهِدَ (O, TA,) means Nor used he to ask respecting that which he saw, (O,) or that which he knew, (TA,) in the tent, or house, by reason of his liberality. (O, TA.) [See, again, عَهْدٌ below.]

A4: عُهِدَتِ الأَرْضُ, (S,) or الرَّوْضَةُ, (A,) The land, or the meadow, was rained upon (S, A) by the rain called عَهْدَة [or عَهْد]: (A:) and عُهِدَ المَكَانُ [in the CK بالمَكَانِ] the place was rained upon by the rain called عهْد, i. e. the first of the rain called الوَسْمِىّ: (K:) or was altogether rained upon. (TA.) 3 مُعَاهَدَةٌ is between two persons; (O;) signifying The uniting with another in a compact, a contract, a covenant, an agreement, a confederacy, a league, a treaty, or an engagement, (Msb,) عَلَى

كَذَا [respecting, or to do, such a thing]. (MA.) You say, يُعَاهِدُكَ وَتُعَاهِدُهُ [He makes a compact, &c., with thee, and thou makest a compact, &c., with him]. (S, O.) [See also عَهِدَ إِلَيْهِ.] b2: and عاهدهُ He swore to him. (K in this art., and Mgh in art. وثق.) A2: See also 5.4 أَنَا أُعْهِدُكَ مِنْ إِبَاقِهِ, (ISh, O, K,) inf. n.إِعْهَادٌ, (K,) I hold thee clear of responsibility for his running away: (ISh, O, K, TA:) said by one who has purchased a slave. (TA.) And in like manner, أَنَا أُعْهِدُكَ مِنْ هَذٰا الأَمْرِ I hold thee, or make thee, secure from this thing. (TA.) Hence the term ↓ عُهْدَةٌ. (TA.) And the latter phrase signifies [also] I am responsible for thy security from this thing. (ISh, O, K.) 5 تعهّدهُ He renewed his acquaintance with it, or his knowledge of it; (S, O, L, Msb, K;) this is the proper signification; (Msb;) as also ↓ اعتهدهُ; (O, * L, K;) and ↓ تعاهدهُ; (L, K;) and ↓ عاهدهُ, inf. n. مُعَاهَدَةٌ: (L:) and he sought it, or sought for it or after it, it being absent from him; syn. تَفَقَّدَهُ; as also ↓ تعاهدهُ, and ↓ اعتهده: (K:) or تعهّدهُ and تفقّدهُ are used, by some, each in the place of the other; but accord. to Er-Rághib and many others, the former signifies he sought, or sought leisurely or repeatedly, to obtain knowledge of it, having known of it before; and the latter, he sought, or sought leisurely or repeatedly, to obtain knowledge of it, having lost it: (MF in art. فقد:) or تعهّدهُ signifies he renewed his acquaintance with it, or his knowledge of it, and sought, or sought leisurely or repeatedly, to find means of rectifying it, reforming it, or putting it into a good or right or proper state: (IDrst, TA:) or he came to it, and rectified it, reformed it, or put it into a good or right or proper state: (Mgh:) or as first expl. above, and also he returned to it time after time, or went frequently to it, and rectified it, reformed it, or put it into a good or right or proper state: (Msb:) or, simply, [as also ↓ تعاهدهُ,] he returned, or recurred, to it time after time, [see an instance voce أَخْرَقُ,] or went frequently to it: (Et-Tedmuree, TA:) and also [i. e. both signify also he paid repeated, or frequent, attention to it; or] he was careful, or mindful, of it; or attentive to it. (S, O, Msb. *) One says also, تَعَهَّدْتُ فُلَانًا [I renewed my acquaintance with such a one; repaired, or betook myself, to him frequently; paid frequent attention to him; or simply paid attention to him]. (S, O.) And تَعَهَّدْتُ ضَيْعَتِى, (S, O, Mgh,) properly signifying I renewed my acquaintance with, or my knowledge of, my estate, is used as meaning I came to my estate, and put it into a good or right or proper condition: (Mgh:) [or I paid repeated, or frequent, or much, attention to it, taking good and effectual care of it; I husbanded it well:] or, accord. to IDrst, the verb here has the meaning given above on his authority: or, accord. to Ed-Tedmuree, the meaning is that given above as his explanation; and is from عَهْدٌ as signifying “ rain that falls after other rain,” or from the same word as signifying “ a place of abode in which one has known a thing: ” (TA:) and one may say also ↓ تَعَاهَدْتُ; (Fr, ISk, Mgh;) but تَعَهَّدْتُ is more chaste, (El-Fá- rábee, S, O, Msb,) because ↓ تَعَاهُدٌ is only between two [or more]: (S, O:) or تعاهدت is not allowable, (Az, AHát, Th, IF, Msb,) for the reason just mentioned: (IF, Msb:) Az says that six Arabs of the desert, of chaste speech, being asked in the presence of himself and of Yoo, one after another, whether they said تعهّدت ضيعتى or ↓ تعاهدت, all answered, تعهّدت. (AHát, TA.) One also says, of a man, يَتَعَهَّدُهُ صَرْعٌ [Epilepsy befalls him repeatedly, or time after time]. (S, O.) 6 تعاهدوا They united in a compact, a contract, a covenant, an agreement, a confederacy, a league, a treaty, or an engagement, [عَلَى كَذَا respecting, or to do, such a thing;] syn. تَعَاقَدُوا, (S and K in art. عقد,) and تَحَالَفُوا. (S and K in art. حلف.) A2: See also 5, in six places.8 إِعْتَهَدَ see 5, near the beginning, in two places.10 إِسْتَعْهَدَ see 1, former half, in two places. b2: One says also, اسْتَعْهَدْتُهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ, meaning I made him responsible for accidents [arising, or that might arise,] from himself. (O, K. *) عَهْدٌ [an inf. n. of 1, q. v.: used as a simple subst.,] An injunction, a charge, a bidding, an order, or a command. (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA.) [Pl. in this and other senses عُهُودٌ.] عَهْدِى

أَنْ لَا آخُذَ مِنْ رَاضِعٍ شَيْئًا, occurring in a trad., is a phrase tropically abridged, meaning (tropical:) It is in the injunction, or charge, prescribed as obligatory on me [that I should not take anything from a suckling]. (Mgh.) b2: A compact, a contract, a covenant, an agreement, a confederacy, a league, a treaty, an engagement, a bond, an obligation, or a promise: (S, A, Mgh, O, L, Msb, K, TA:) pl. عُهُودٌ: or, accord. to AHeyth, ↓ عَهْدَةٌ has this this meaning, and عَهْدٌ is its pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.]. (TA.) Hence وَلِىُّ عَهْدٍ The suc-cessor by virtue of a covenant of a Khaleefeh [or King]. (TA.) [And وِلَايَةُ عَهْدٍ The succession by virtue of a covenant.] b3: Protection, or safeguard; a promise, or an assurance, of security or safety; responsibility, or suretiship; syn. أَمَانٌ; and ذِمَّةٌ; (Sh, S, A, O, Msb, K;) and ضَمَانٌ; (O, K;) as also ↓ عُهَّيْدَى [in the O ↓ عُهَيْدَى] and ↓ عِهْدَانٌ [which last is said in the S and O to be syn. with عَهْدٌ, but in what sense is not there specified]. (K.) Hence, ذُو عَهْدٍ, an appel-lation given to a Christian, and a Jew, [and a Sabian, who is a subject of a Muslim government,] meaning One between whom and the Muslims a compact, or covenant, subsists, whereby the latter are responsible for his security [and freedom and toleration] as long as he acts agreeably to the compact [by living peaceably with them and paying a poll-tax]; (Mgh, * Msb, * TA;) [i. e. a free non-Muslim subject of a Muslim government;] as also ↓ مُعَاهِدٌ and ↓ مُعَاهَدٌ, the act. and pass. forms being both applied to such a person because the compact is mutual; (Msb;) both syn. with ذِمِّىٌّ: (S:) persons of this description are called collectively أَهْلُ العَهْدِ. (TA.) b4: An oath: (S, A, O, K:) pl. عُهُودٌ: or, accord. to AHeyth, ↓ عَهْدَةٌ signifies an oath whereby one secures himself against him with whom he makes a compact, contract, covenant, or the like, and عَهْدٌ is its pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.]. (TA.) [But it is generally used as a sing.: hence,] one says, عَلَىَّ عَهْدُ اللّٰهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا [The oath by attestation of God is binding on me that I will assuredly do such a thing]. (S, O.) b5: A writ, or diploma, of appointment to the office of a prefect or governor or the like: (S, O, K:) pl. عُهُودٌ. (TA.) b6: Defence of those persons, or things, that should be sacred, or inviolable, or that are entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence; (S, A, O, K;) and mindfulness, regard, or observance, (S, K,) of such things, (K,) or of love, or affection; occurring in this sense in a trad., in which it is said that generosity therein is a point of religion. (S.) b7: Fulfilment of a promise or the like. (O, K.) So in the Kur vii. 100. (O.) b8: The assertion of the unity of God: whence, إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمٰنِ عَهْدًا [Except such as hath made a covenant with the Compassionate to assert his unity], (O, K,) in the Kur [xix. 90]: (O:) and the words of a trad. relating to prayer, أَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِكَ وَوَعْدِكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ I am persevering in the observance of my covenant and promise to Thee to believe in Thee and to assert thy unity incessantly [as far as I am able]. (TA.) A2: Also A time; (S, * A, K;) and so ↓ عِهْدَانٌ. (A, TA.) One says, كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ فُلَانٍ and ↓ عِهْدَانِهِ It was in the time of such a one. (A.) And كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى عَهْدِ شَبَابِى That was in the time of my youth, or young manhood. (TK.) And أَتَى عَلَيْهَا عَهْدٌ طَوِيلٌ [Over which a long time has passed]. (S, in explanation of قَرْيَةٌ عَهِيدَةٌ meaning قَدِيمَةٌ.) b2: One says also, عَهْدِى بِهِ قَرِيبٌ i. e. My meeting [with him, or it, was a short time ago]. (S, * Msb.) And هُوَ قَرِيبُ العَهْدِ بَكَذَا He knew, or was acquainted with, such a thing, and was in such a state, or condition, recently, or a short time ago. (Msb. [And in like manner one says حَدِيثُ العَهْدِ and حَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ.]) And عَهْدِى بِهِ بِمَوْضِعِ كَذَا, (K, TA,) and فِى حَالِ كَذَا, (TA,) I met, or met with, or I knew, [or I saw,] him, or it, in such a place, (K, TA,) and in such a state, or condition. (TA.) And مَا لِى عَهْدٌ بِهِ [I have not any knowledge of, or acquaintance with, him, or it]. (A.) And مَتَى عَهْدُكَ بِفُلَانٍ When didst thou meet, or meet with, such a one? (Mgh:) or see such a one? (TA.) And مَتَى عَهْدُكَ بِالخُفِّ When didst thou wear the boots? (Mgh.) and مَتَى عَهْدُكَ بِأَسْفَلِ فِيكَ [When didst thou see the lower part of thy mouth?]: a prov.; said in asking a person respecting an old affair of which he has no knowledge. (L.) The saying of the poet, (Aboo-Khirásh El-Hudhalee, TA, and so in a copy of the S,) فَلَيْسَ كَعَهْدِ الدَّارِ يَا أُمَّ مَالِكٍ

وَلٰكِنْ أَحَاطَتْ بِالرِّقَابِ السَّلَاسِلُ [And it is not like the formerly-known state of the abode, O Umm-Málik; but chains have surrounded the necks;] is expl. as meaning, the case is not as thou knewest it; but El-Islám has come, and has subverted that case. (S, TA.) [Hence, لِلْعَهْدِ and ↓ لِلْمَعْهُودِ, said of the article اَلْ; meaning Used to distinguish a noun as known to the hearer, or reader, in a particular sense.]

A3: Also A first rain; the rain immediately following which is called وَلْىٌ: (TA:) or the first of the rain called الوَسْمِىُّ; (IAar, M, K;) and so ↓ عَهْدَةٌ and ↓ عِهْدَةٌ and ↓ عِهَادَةٌ, (M, K, TA,) or, as in some copies of the K [and in the CK], ↓ عِهَادٌ, which is pl. of عَهْدٌ. (TA.) b2: And Rain that falls after other rain, (AHn, S, K,) while the moisture of the former yet remains; (AHn, K;) as also ↓ عَهْدَةٌ and ↓ عِهْدَةٌ: (TA:) pl. عِهَادٌ and عُهُودٌ: (S:) or عِهَادٌ, accord. to some, signifies recent rains; app. from the saying, أَصَابَتْنَا دِيمَةٌ بِعْدَ دِيمَةٍ عَلَى عِهَادٍ

غَيْرِ قَدِيمَةٍ [A continuous and still rain fell upon us after a continuous and still rain following upon عهاد not long anterior]: (AHn, TA:) or عِهَادٌ signifies rains of the [season called] رَبِيع [here meaning autumn, as is shown voce نَوْءٌ], after the rain called الوَسْمِىّ: (A:) or weak, fine rain, of that which is called وَسْمِىّ. (IAar, TA.) b3: And عَامُ العُهُودِ means The year of few rains. (TA.) A4: See also عُهْدَةٌ, near the middle, in two places: A5: and see مَعْهَدٌ, in three places.

عَهِدٌ A man who applies himself repeatedly to affairs, and to prefectures or governments or the like; or who applies himself repeatedly thereto, and to the reforming thereof; expl. by the words يَتَعَاهَدُ الأُمُورَ وَالوِلَايَاتِ: (S, K:) or one who loves prefectures or the like, and writs of appointment thereto; expl. by مُحِبٌّ لِلْوِلَايَاتِ وَالعُهُودِ. (A.) عَهْدَةٌ: see عَهْدٌ, former half, in two places: A2: and again, in the last quarter, in two places.

A3: عهدة [thus written, without any syll. sign], in a verse cited by AHeyth, [the measure of which shows it to be عَهْدَةٌ or ↓ عُهْدَةٌ or ↓ عِهْدَةٌ, and in which it is applied to the depository of a secret,] is expl. as signifying [properly] A place on which the sun does not come. (TA.) عُهْدَةٌ A written statement of a purchase or sale: (S, Msb, K:) so called because one recurs to it on an occasion of doubt. (Msb.) And A written statement of a confederacy, league, compact, or covenant. (K.) b2: Also A return [to claim an indemnification for a fault or the like in a thing purchased]; syn. رَجْعَةٌ: so in the saying, لَا عُهْدَةَ [There shall be no return to claim an indemnification]: (S, O, K:) one says, أَبِيعُكَ المَلَسَى لَا عُهْدَةَ i. e. [I sell to thee on the condition that] thou shalt get thee away, and not return to me, (S in this art., and S and Msb and K in art. ملس,) nor have any claim upon me for indemnification: (Msb in art. ملس:) عُهْدَةٌ with respect to an article of merchandise being when it is sold in a faulty state or subject to a claim on the part of its owner. (TA. [See more voce مَلَسَى.]) One says also, عَلَيْكَ فِى

هٰذِهِ عُهْدَةٌ لَا تَتَفَصَّى مِنْهَا Thou art subject to a claim for acting unjustly [in respect of this, from which thou wilt not liberate thyself]. (A, TA.) And عُهْدَةُ الرَّقِيقِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ The claim for indemnification for a fault in a slave, from the property of the seller, if he have sold him without making it a condition that he is clear of responsibility for any fault, is during three days, and the purchaser may return him without proof; but if he find a fault after three days, he may not return him without proof. (TA, from a trad.) And ↓ عَهْدٌ and عُهْدَةٌ signify the same: (TA:) you say, بَرِئْتُ

إِلَيْكَ مِنْ عُهْدَةِ هٰذَا العَبْدِ [and ↓ مِنْ عَهْدِهِ], meaning I am clear of responsibility to thee for any fault that thou mayest find in this slave known to exist in him while he was with me. (AHeyth, Mgh, TA.) See 4. And you say also, عُهْدَتُهُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ The responsibility for the rectification of any fault that may be found in him, or it, is upon such a one. (S, * Mgh, Msb, * K, * TA.) and فِى الأَمْرِ عُهْدَةٌ In the affair is an occasion for reverting to it for the purpose of its rectification; (Msb;) i. e. the affair is not yet performed soundly, thoroughly, or well, (S, O, Msb,) and the manager thereof has to revert to it in order to render it so. (Msb.) And فِيهِ عُهْدَةٌ In it is a fault, a defect, or an imperfection. (TA.) and فِى عَقْلِهِ عُهْدَةٌ In his intellect is a weakness. (S, A, O, K.) And فِى خَطِّهِ عُهْدَةٌ In his handwriting is a weakness: (K:) or badness: (A:) or faulty formation of the letters. (O.) A2: See also عَهْدَةٌ.

عِهْدَةٌ: see عَهْدٌ, last quarter, in two places: A2: and see also عَهْدَةٌ.

عِهْدَانٌ: see عَهْدٌ, in three places.

عِهَادٌ: see عَهْدٌ, near the end of the paragraph. b2: Also Parts of land upon which the rain called الوَسْمِىّ has fallen. (TA.) عَهِيدٌ One who makes, and with whom is made, a compact, a contract, a covenant, an agreement, a confederacy, a league, a treaty, or an engagement; [a confederate;] (S, O;) i. q. ↓ مُعَاهِدٌ [and ↓ مُعَاهَدٌ]. (A, K.) A2: Also Old, or ancient. (K.) قَرْيَةٌ عَهِيدَةٌ means An old, or ancient, town or village. (S, O.) عِهَادَةٌ: see عَهْدٌ, last quarter.

عُهَيْدَى and عُهَّيْدَى: see عَهْدٌ, first quarter.

مَعْهَدٌ A place in which one used to know, or be acquainted with, or meet with, a thing; (S, A, O;) a place in which a thing is, or has been, known, or met with; as also ↓ عَهْدٌ; (K;) the latter originally an inf. n.: (TA:) an abode in which one used to know love, or desire: (TA:) and, as also ↓ عَهْدٌ, a place of abode to which people return: (A:) or a place of abode to which people, when they have gone far away from it, always return: (S, O:) pl. of the former مَعَاهِدُ. (A.) One says, الأَحِبَّةِ ↓ اِسْتَوْقَفَ الرَّكْبَ عَلَى عَهْدِ and عَلَى مَعْهَدِهِمْ [He asked the company of riders to stop at the place where he used to know, or meet, the objects of love; or] at the abode to which the objects of love used to return. (A.) أَرْضٌ مُعَهَّدَةٌ Land upon which a partial rain has fallen. (Az, O, K. *) مَعْهُودٌ Known. (S, O.) مَعْهُودٌ وَمَشْهُودٌ وَمَوْعُودٌ, as meaning Past and present and future, are applied to denote the tenses of a verb. (Kh, L.) See also عَهْدٌ, last quarter.

A2: Also, applied to a place, (K,) and, with ة, to a land, (أَرْضٌ, S,) and to a meadow, (رَوْضَةٌ, A,) Rained upon by the rain called عَهْدٌ (S, * K) or عَهْدَةٌ. (A.) مُعَاهِدٌ and مُعَاهَدٌ: see عَهِيدٌ: and see also عَهْدٌ, former half. معاهد [i. e. either the act. or the pass. part. n.] is mostly applied in the trads. to A person of the class called أَهْلُ الذِّمَّةِ [or أَهْلُ العَهْدِ, expl. voce عَهْدٌ]: but sometimes it is applied also to any other of the unbelievers with whom one is on terms of peace, or with whom peace has been made, for a definite time. (L.)

رأى: رأى: المصدر منه رُؤْيا (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 81).
ورأى في القرآن الكريم إذا أسندت إلى الباري تعالى فمعناها علم فيما يقول المفسرون. ومثله ما جاء في كليلة ودمنة (ص285): الحمد لله الذي علَّمكما مِمَّا رأى.
ورأى تأتي بمعنى visum est ei باللاتينية مثل: فرأى إعمال الحيلة. وكذلك بمعنى: رضي، ارتضى (معجم الإدريسي).
رأيت الوحوش التي كنت تأكلين أما كان لها آباء وأمهات. أي ماذا تظنين أو ما رأيك في الوحوش التي كنت الخ (كليلة ودمنة ص262)، وفي الفخري (ص74): تَرَى هذا النجَّاب إلى أين يمشي في هذا الوقت. أي ما ظنك أو ما رأيك بهذا النجاب، الخ؟ (ولا أدري لماذا طبع الناشر نُرِي).
كما يقال: ما ترى (ويجرز ص31)، ففي النويري (الأندلس ص477): ما ترى فيما نحن فيه. كما يقال: كيف رأيت. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص11): كيف رأيت عظم حيلتي مع صفر جثَّتي.
ورأى: تأمل، تروَّى. ففي رحلة ابن بطوطة (3: 46): أرأيت إن اجتمعوا عليه ما يكون من العمل، أي هل ترويت ما سيحصل إن اجتمعوا عليه؟ ورأى: تشاور، ائتمر، تآمر (معجم الإدريسي).
رأيتُ رَأْياً: وجدت وسيلة (كوسج طرائف ص 100).
رأى عجباً: تعجب، استغرب (بوشر).
ألا ترى إلى فعله: أرأيت شيئاً مثل هذا؟ وكذلك: ما ترى طيب هذه الليلة أي هل رأيت ليلة طيبة مثل هذه الليلة؟ وما ترى ما جاءت به أو أما ترى ما جاءت به (معجم الطرائف).
تَرَى، أَتَرَى، يا تَرَى، ريت (تصحيف رَأَيْتُ) يا ريت، يا هل ترى. هذه الألفاظ تستعمل في لغة العامة فنجدها مثلاً كثيرة الورد في ألف ليلة وفي قصة عنتر مستعملة للتعجب، كما أنها تدل على الاستفهام عما يرغب فيه، فيقال مثلاً: ترى متى يرجع. ويا ابن أخي ترى متى يجمع الله شملنا وشملك (كوسان قواعد العربية والعامية ص330، فليشر معجم ص76).
وفي المعجم اللاتيني - العربي نجد an numquid أم وأَتُرا، و ergon Ahjbvh, estne أَتُرا ولَعَلَّ. و ( numquid) num هل وتُرَى، و Putasm لَعَلَّما وأتُرَامَا، وفي معجم فوك: تُرى في مادة nunquid. والتاء في جميعها مضمومة. كما جاء في الفخري وربما وفقاً للمخطوطة، ففيها (ص371): يقال أنه ملأ بركة من الذهب فرآها يوماً وقد بقي يَعُوزها حتى تمتلئ وتفيض شيء يسير فقال تُرَى أعيش حتى املأها فمات قبل ذلك، ويُقال أن المستنصر شاهَدَ هذه البركة فقال تُرَى أَعِيشُ حتى أُفْنِيهَا وكذلك فعل.
وفي طرائف فريتاج (ص74) عليك أن تقرأ: كيف حاله يا تَرى بدل نرَى التي غيرها الناشر ب ((بني)) وهو مخطئ. ومعناها: كيف صحته! ويا ترى في معجم بوشر معناها: مما يرتاب فيه، من المشكوك فيه.
يا ريت: إن شاء الله (بوشر).
يا ريتني كنت أعرف أن: يا ليتني كنت أعرف أن (بوشر).
أَرَى: جعله يرى، أطلع على. ويقال بدل أراه أي جعله يراه وأطلعه عليه، أراه له، ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص140): أريد أن أريها لصديق لي.
ترأّى. تَرَيَّا مع: تشاور مع (فوك).
ارتأى: تأمل، أمعن في الفحص (المقدمة 3: 228).
رَأْي. رَأْيَ العَينِ: مشاهدة (فوك).
ورَأْي: فكرة، خطة، ففي كرتاس (ص 6)، فقال الرأي ما رأيت. أي أن فكرتك تعجبني فأنا أفضل العمل بها. ويطلق بخاصة على الفكرة الحسنة والخطة الحكيمة، ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 274): وشاور في ذلك كبار التابعين وأشراف العرب فرأوه رأياً.
ورأي في علم الفقه: قياس (انظر لين) وفقهاء العراق الذين ليس لديهم إلا أحاديث قليلة يقولون بالرأي ولذلك أطلق عليهم أهل الرأي وأصحاب الرأي. وكان أبو حنيفة رئيس هذا المذهب.
أما في الحجاز فالأمر على خلاف هذا فمالك بن أنس والشافعي وتلاميذهما فكانوا من أصحاب الحديث. وأما الظاهرية الذين ينكرون الرأي فقد كانوا أكثر تمسكاً بالحديث (المقدمة 3: 2 وما يليه).
وآراء فقهاء العراق التي تعتمد على القياس والتي جمعت بعد ذلك تؤلف علماً مستقلاً يسمى الرأي. ففي المقري (1: 622): كان فقيهاً في الرأي حافظاً، وفي (1: 623): كان عالماً بالرأي. وفي حيان (ص27 ر): روى الحديث كثيراً وطالع الرأيَ.
ولابد أن نلاحظ أن كلمة الرأي تعني عند المالكية والشافعية والحنابلة شيئاً أكثر مما تعنيه كلمة القياس. فهم يتهمون فقهاء الحنفية بالإسراف في استعمال القياس فيتركون ما جاء في القرآن والسنّة وأقوال الأئمة من قبلهم اعتماداً منهم على الرأي (انظر ابن خلكان 1: 272 مع تعليقة دي سلان في الترجمة 1: 534 رقم 1).
الرأي والمشورة: نقرأ في كرتاس (ص114) أن المهدي جعل المرتبة الأولى من مراتب حاشيته إلى العشرة والمرتبة الثانية إلى الخمسين وجعل الخمسين للرأي والمشورة، أي جعل منهم مستشاريه.
ولهذا التعبير معنى أخر لأن الفقيه عبد الله ابن ياسين كان يتولى السلطة العليا على البربر الذين يدور عليهم الكلام وأنهم حين لم يرتضوه ((عزلوه عن الرأي والمشورة))، ويمكن أن نفترض أنه كان يصدر أوامره بصورة مشورة لكيلا يجرح مشاعرهم.
رأي وأمان: عفو عام، يقال مثلاً: أعطى الرأي والأمان للجميع أي عفا عنهم جميعاً (بوشر).
رأي وراء وري أيضاً (من القبطية راي)، انظر زيشر (لغة مصر 1868 ص55، ص83): نوع من حوت سليمان (صومون)، منه كبير يزن ثلاث لبرات (كيلو ونصف)، ومنه صغير أبيض براق أحمر مؤخر الذنب، وهذا النوع الأخير يلمحه أهل مصر ويطلقون عليه اسم صير (انظر المصنفين اللذين ذكروا في معجم الإدريسي).
وراي: سردين وهو سمك صغير يعلب مكبوساً بالزيت (بوشر).
وراي: كتابة الكلمة الإسبانية ray أي ملك (ابن بطوطة 3: 318) وانظر ويندوس (ص75).
وراي: كتابة الكلمة الهندية رايا أو راجا أي ملك (ابن بطوطة 3: 318)، وفي (4: 85) من رحلة ابن بطوطة: ري، وفي إحدى مخطوطاتها: راي. وفي مسالك الأبصار (تعليقات 13: 219): الرا.
راية: كانوا في ميدان سباق الخيل يركزون في آخر المضمار علماً، ومن هذا أصبحت كلمة راية ترادف كلمة غاية وهي نهاية الميدان. فيقال مثلاً: كانت قرطبة منتهى الغاية ومَرْكَز الراية (بسام 3: 1 ق). وفي قلائد العقيان (ص58): ووله نَظْم وَنَثْر ما قصرا عن الغاية ولا اقصرا عن تلقي الراية.
أهل الراية: كان يطلق هذا الاسم على جماع من العرب من مختلف القبائل اجتمعوا تحت راية واحدة، وقد نزلوا ما وراء القاهرة. انتظر ابن خلكان (1: 386) وما يليها.
ذوات الرايات: هنّ البغايا في الجاهلية لأنهن كن يرفعن راية على مساكنهن ليعرفن (الفخري ص144).
راية: سمك الراي (رولاند).
رُؤْيَا: يقال لتمنى السعادة لمن يريد النوم: ليلتكم سعيدة، فيجاب: برؤياكم (بوشر).
رُؤْيَة: فجر، طلوع النهار، في القسم الأول من معجم فوك، وفي القسم الثاني منه: يرقان، صَفَر، أبو صفار.
رُؤْيَة: رأي، فكرة (بوشر).
رُؤْيَة: سيماء، مظهر، هيئة (بوشر).
رِئَاءً، نجد عند العبدري (58 ق) العبارة: فعل ذلك رثاءً وسُمْعَةً وهي تعني معنى آخر غير الذي ذكره كل من فريتاج ولين. وذلك لأنه يقول: وأصروا على الوقوف بعرفة يوم الجمعة (ولم يكن اليوم الصحيح للوقوف) فيبطلون حجَّهم - رئاءً وسمعة. ومعنى هذا عند العبدري: جهرة وعلانية.
تَرْأَى. مرأى العقل: رأي، فكرة (بوشر).
مُرْيءٍ (فهرس) ومُورِي أيضاً: وهو في الإسطرلاب خيط صغير يربط بالكبير ويتحرك ابتداء من المركز.
ومُرْيء: إبرة تشبه عقرب الساعة.
ومُرْئٍ: مشير، دال، وربوة صغيرة في فلك البروج بين برج الجدي أو برج الحمل وبين برج القوس. ويسمى أيضاً مري راس الحمل أي الدال على راس الحمل (دورن) وهو المري عند ألف استر (2: 235).
مراء تصحيف مُراآة: رياء (أماري ص21).
مراء تصحيف مُراآة: رياء، فريسية (بوشر).
مِرْآة: مراية، سجنجل، وهي اسم جنس عند الإدريسي (معجم الإدريسي).
ومرات تصحيف مِراة (المقري 2: 284)، وانظر فليشر (بريشت ص207).
ومرا وتجمع على أَمْرِيَة (فوك، ألكالا)، وهذا الجمع أمرية موجود في كتاب أبي الوليد، ففيه (ص796): الأمرية التي تنظر بها النساء وجوههن.
ومرآة: نظّارة، عوينات، ففي ابن البيطار (2: 4): وإذا اتخذ منه (السبج) مراة نفع من ضعف البصر الحادث عن الكبر وعن علة حادثة وأزال الخيالات وبدء نزول الماء.
ويذكر ألكالا الجمع العامي أَمْرِيَة بمعنى ( antojos, espejulos antojos) .
مراة هِنْديَّة: مراة الهند (أنظرها في مادة هند). مُرْئِيّ: منظور، معاين، ظاهر (بوشر).
مَرِيَّة: برج يطوف عليه العسس (معجم الإدريسي).
مِرَايَة: وتجمع على مِرايات ومري: مرآة، بلورة يرى الناظر فيها نفسه (بوشر).
مِرَاية: مرآة سحرية، فانوس سحري (آلة تعكس الصور مكبرة) (برتون 1: 370).
مُراياه، تصحيف مراآة: نفاق، دَجَل، تضليل بالمظاهر (بوشر).
مِرَاياتيّ: صانع المرايا وبائعها (بوشر).

ر

أى

رَأَى, (S, M, &c.,) for which some say رَا [suppressing the ء and the ى,] (M,) and some say رَآءَ, (T in art. بوأ, and M and K in art. ريأ,) like خَافَ, (TA in the latter art.,) formed by transposition, (T in art. بوأ,) first Pers\. رَأَيْتُ, (M, Msb, K, &c.,) for which some say رَيْتُ, without ء, (T, S, M,) but the former is that which is general and preferred, (T, M,) aor. ـَ (T, S, M,) for which يَرْأَى, agreeably with the root, is said by none except [the tribe of] Teym-erRibáb, (T, M,) or by such as require this form in poetry, (S,) sec. Pers\. fem. sing. and pl., alike, تَرَيْنَ, so that you say تَرَيْنَنِى [with an affixed pronoun], and if you will you may say تَرَيْنِّى, incorporating one ن into the other by teshdeed, (S,) imperative رَ and إِرْءَ (Az, T, S, M,) the people of El-Hijáz saying رَ dual رَيَا, pl. masc.

رَوْا and fem. رَيْنَ, and Teym saying اِرْءَ &c., (T, M,) inf. n. رُؤْيَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and رِيَّةٌ, (T, M, K,) the former being altered to رُوْيَةٌ and then to رُيَّةٌ and then to رِيَّةٌ, (T, M,) and رَأْىٌ (T, S, K) and رَآءَةٌ, (S, M, K, [in the CK رَأَة,]) like رَاعَةٌ [in measure], (S,) in which the ة is not necessarily a restrictive to unity, (M,) and رَايَةٌ (K [but this I do not find elsewhere]) and رِئْيَانٌ, (Lh, M, TA,) for which last we find in the copies of the K رُؤْيَان, (TA,) He saw [a person or thing] with the eye: (S:) in this sense the verb has [only] one objective complement: (S, Msb:) you say, رَأَيْتُهُ (T, M, Msb, K) and ↓ اِستَرْأَيْتُهُ, (T, M, K,) for which some say اِسْتَرَيْتُهُ, (T, M,) and ↓ اِرْتَأَيْتُهُ, (T, M, K,) for which some say اِرْتَيْتُهُ, (T, M,) all signifying the same, (T, M, K,) I saw him, or it, (a person and a thing, Msb) with the eye; (T, M, Msb, K, TA;) [or so,] and also, with the mind. (M and K in relation to the first, and K in relation to all.) رُؤْيَةٌ is of several sorts: (TA:) first, it signifies The seeing with the eye: (M, K, TA:) and with what serves for the same purpose as the organ of sight; as in the saying in the Kur [ix. 106], وَقُلِ اعْمَلُوا فَسَيَرَىاللّٰهُ عَمَلَكُمْ [And Say thou, Work ye, for God will see your work]; because the sense of sight cannot be attributed to God: (TA:) [and similar to this is the phrase, رَأَى فِيهِ كَذَا He saw in him such a thing: and رَأَى مِنْهُ كَذَا He experienced from him such a thing.] Secondly, The seeing by supposition, or fancy; as in the saying, أَرَى أَنَّ زَيْدًا مُنْطَلِقٌ [I suppose, or fancy, that Zeyd is going away]. (TA.) Thirdly, The seeing by reflection, or consideration; as in the saying [in the Kur viii. 50], إِنِّى أَرَى مَا لَا تَرَوْنَ [Verily I see by reflection, or consideration, what ye see not]. (TA.) Fourthly, The seeing with the mind, or mentally; [the opining, or judging, a thing; a sense in which the inf. n. رَأْىٌ is more commonly used;] (M, * K, * TA;) as in the saying in the Kur [liii. 11], مَا كَذَبَ الفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَى [The heart did not belie what he mentally saw]. (TA.) [Of these meanings, other exs. here follow; with exs. of similar meanings.] b2: An ex. of رَا for رَأَى occurs in the saying of a poet, مَنْ رَا مِثْلَ مَعْدَانَ بْنِ َحْيَى

[Who has seen the like of Maadán the son of Yahyà? the measure being وَافِر, with the first foot reduced to مُفْعَلْتُنْ]. (M.) الحَمْدُلِلّٰهِ عَلَى

رِيَّتِكِ, for رُؤْيَتِكَ, altered in the manner explained above, [meaning Praise be to God for the seeing of thee,] (M, K, *) is a saying mentioned by IAar. (M.) صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ means [Fast ye] at the time of seeing it; [referring to the new moon of Ramadán;] i. e., when ye see it. (Mgh.) In the phrase رَأَيْتُهُ قَائِمًا [I saw him standing], قائما is in the accus. case as a denotative of state. (Msb.) رَأْىُ عَيْنِى زَيْدًا فَعَلَ ذَاكَ [My eye saw (lit. my eye's seeing) Zeyd do that] is held by Sb to be an instance of an anomalous use of an inf. n., and is [said to be] the only instance of the kind, among inf. ns. of trans. verbs except سَمْعُ أُذُنِى. (M, TA: but in a copy of the former written رَأْىَ عينى and سَمْعَاذنى.) رَأَيْتُهُ رَأْىَ العَيْنِ means[I saw him, or it,] where the eye, or sight, fell upon him, or it. (TA.) بِعَيْنٍ مَّا أَرَيَنَّكَ [lit. With some eye I will assuredly see thee] is a saying mentioned by Az as meaning hasten thou, (اِعْجَلْ thus in copies of the S and in the TA, or عَجِّلْ as in one copy of the S,) or work thou, (اِعْمَلْ, thus in two copies of the S,) and be as though I were looking at thee: (S, TA:) it is said to one whom you send, and require to be quick; and means pause not for anything, for it is as though I were looking at thee. (TA in art. عين.) رَأَى المَكَانُ المَكَانَ (tropical:) The place faced [or (as we say) looked upon] the place, as though seeing it, (M, TA,) is tropical: (TA:) [and in like manner you say,] دَارِى تَرَى دَارَهُ (tropical:) My house faces [or looks upon] his house. (T, IAth, TA.) b3: رَأَىفِى مَنَامِهِ رُؤْيَا [He saw, i. e. fancied that he saw, in his sleep, a vision, or dream]. (S, Msb, K. *) b4: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى كَذَا [Has thou not considered such a thing, so as to be admonished thereby?] is a phrase used on an occasion of wonder (IAth, K, TA) at a thing, and in rousing the attention of the person to whom it is addressed; as in the saying in the Kur [ii. 244], أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ [Hast thou not considered those who went forth from their houses, so as to be admonished by their case?]; meaning, hast thou not wondered at their act, and has not their case come to thy knowledge? and so in other instances in the same: (IAth, TA:) Er-Rághib says that, when رَأَيْت is made trans. by means of إِلَى, it denotes consideration that leads to the becoming admonished. (TA.) In like manner also, (IAth, K,) أَرَأَيْتَكَ and أَرَأَيْتَكُمَا and أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ, (T, IAth, K,) and to a woman أَرَأَيْتَكِ, and to a pl. number of women أَرَأَيْتَكُنَّ, (T,) [which may be lit. rendered Hast thou, and have ye two, &c., considered?] are expressions used to arouse attention, (IAth, TA,) meaning tell thou me and tell ye two me &c.; (T, IAth, K;) as in the saying in the Kur [xvii. 64], قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَكَ هٰذَا الَّذِى كَرَّمْتُ عَلَىَّ [He said, Hast thou considered? meaning tell me, respecting this whom Thou hast honoured above me]; and in the same [vi. 40 and 47], قَلْ أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ إِنْ أَتَاكُمْ عَذَابُ اللّٰهِ [Say thou, Have ye considered? meaning tell me, if the punishment of God come upon you]; and occurring without the ك in other places thereof: (IAth, TA:) you say also, أَرَأَيْتَ زَيْدًا and أَرَأَيْتَكَ زَيْدًا, meaning Tell thou me [respecting Zeyd]: (Mgh:) and for أَرَأَيْتَ and أَرَأَيْتَكَ [&c.] some say أَرَيْتَ and أَرَيْتَكَ: (S:) the pronunciation without ء is the more common: the ت in أَرَأَيْتَكَ &c. is always with fet-h; and accord. to the grammarians of accredited science, the ك in these cases is redundant; (T;) [i. e.] it is a particle of allocution, to corroborate the pronoun [ت, which it therefore immediately follows in every case, distinguishing the genders and numbers by its own variations, which are the same as those of the pronominal affix of the second person]: (Bd in vi. 40:) [IHsh says,] the correct opinion is that of Sb; that the ت is an agent, and the ك is a particle of allocution: (Mughnee in art. ك:) but sometimes أَرَأَيْتَكَ &c. mean هَلْ رَأَيْتَ نَفْسَكَ &c.; the ك being in this case an objective complement [and the verb being differently rendered according as it has not, or has, a second objective complement, as is shown here by what precedes and what follows]. (T.) In أَتُرَاكَ, also, [from ↓ أُرِىَ, not from رُئِىَ,] meaning اتظنّ [i. e. أَتَظُنُّ, Thinkest thou?], the pronoun [as some term it, but properly the final particle,] is [a particle of allocution] like that in أَرَأَيْتَكَ in the Kur vi. 40 and 47 [cited above; and in the same sense as this latter phrase, أَتُرَاكَ is used, as meaning tell thou me]. (Har p. 570.) b5: When رَأَى means He knew, (S, Msb,) or he thought, (Msb,) it has two objective complements: (S, Msb:) or when it has two objective complements, it necessarily means knowing [or the like]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [In this case, رَآهُ may be rendered He saw, or knew, him, or it, to be: and he thought, or judged, or held, him, or it, to be; or he regarded, or held, him, or it, as.] Yousay, رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا عَالِمًا, (S, Msb, *) or حَلِيمًا, (M,) I knew [or saw Zeyd to be learned, or forbearing]; (S, M, Msb;) as though seeing him to be so with the eye: (M:) and I thought him [&c.] to be so. (Msb.) In like manner, also, ↓ تَرَآءَيْتُهُ signifies I thought him to be. (Har p. 211.) يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْىَ العَيْنِ, in the Kur [iii. 11], means They [who were the unbelievers] thinking them [who were fighting in the cause of God] twice as many as they, according to the evidence of the sight of the eye. (TA.) The pass. form of رَأَى has [only] one objective complement: you say, رُئِىَ زَيْدٌ عَاقِلًا, meaning Zeyd was thought [to be intelligent]: (TA:) and اَلَّذِى أُرَاهُ, with the verb in the pass. form, means الذىاظنّ [i. e.

أُظَنُّ, He whom I am thought to be; if from رُئِىَ: or الذىأَظُنُّ, what I think, if from ↓ أُرِىَ: it is often used in the latter sense]. (Msb.) b6: You say also, رَأَى فِى الأَمْرِ رَأْيًا [He formed, or held, an opinion, or a persuasion, or a belief, respecting the affair, or case]: (Msb:) and so فِىالفِقْهِ [in the science of the law]. (S.) and الَّذِى أَرَاهُ That to which I take, or which I hold, as my opinion, or persuasion, or belief. (Msb.) and فُلَانٌ يَرَى رَأْىَ الشُّرَاةِ Such a one holds, or believes, the tenets, or belief, of the شراة [a certain sect of schismatics; pl. of شَارٍ]. (M.) When رَأَى is [thus] used as meaning He held, or believed, it has [only] one objective complement. (Msb.) b7: لَا تَرَ مَا (T, K, TA, [mentioned also in the K in art. ترم, in which art. in the CK CK it is written لا تَرْما,]) and لَا تَرَى مَا, and لَوْ تَرَ مَا, and لَوْ تَرَىمَا, (T, TA, [in copies of the K أَوْتَرَ مَا, which I think a mistranscription, and for which is put in the TA, as on the authority of IAar, اذ تر ما, app. a mistranscription of a mistranscription, i. e. of اوترما,]) and لَمْ تَرَ مَا, (T, K, TA,) in this last case with تَرَ [only, agreeably with a general rule], are forms of expression meaning لَا سِيَّمَا [i. e., virtually, Above all, or especially]: (T, K, TA:) you say, إِنَّهُ لَخَبِيثٌ وَلَا تَرَ مَا فُلَانٌ and وَ لَا تَرَى مَا فُلَانٌ and وَ لَوْ تَرَ مَا فُلَانٌ and وَلَوْ تَرَى

مَا فُلَانٌ and .َلَمْ تَرَ مَا فُلَانٌ [i. e. Verily he is bad, or base, or wicked; and above all, or especially, such a one: وَلَا تَرَ مَا فُلَانٌ, or وَلَا تَرَىمَا فُلَانٌ, properly meaning وَلَا تَرَىمِثْلَ الَّذِى هُوَ فُلَانٌ and thou will not see the like of him who is such a one; مِثْلَ and هُوَ being understood: and in like manner are to be explained the other forms of expression here mentioned]: in all of these forms, فلان is in the nom. case: all are mentioned by Lh, on the authority of Ks. (T, TA.) b8: رَأَتْ is also said of a woman, as meaning She saw what is termed التَّرْئِيَة and التَّرِيَّة, i. e., a little yellowness or whiteness or blood on the occasion of menstruation. (M.) A2: رَأَيْتُهُ [form الرِّئَةُ] I hit, or hurt, (S, M, Msb, K, *) or struck, or smote, (Er-Rághib, TA,) his رِئَة [or lungs]: (S, M, Msb, K, Er-Rághib:) and so وَرَيْتُهُ. (Msb.) b2: And رُئِىَ He had a complaint of his رِئَة [or lungs]; (M;) as also ↓ أَرْأَى. (T, K.) A3: رَأَيْتُ رَايَةً I stuck, or fixed, a banner, or standard, (T in art. رى, and K in the present art.,) into the ground; (TA;) as also ↓ أَرَأَيْتُهَا, (T, K,) as some say: (T:) the latter is mentioned by Lh; but [ISd says,] I hold that it is anomalous, and is properly only أَرَيَيْتُهَا. (M in art. رى, and TA.) A4: رَأَىالزَّنْدُ [like وَرَى and وَرِىَ] The زند [or piece of wood for producing fire] became kindled. (Kr, M, K.) b2: And رَأَيْتُ الزَّنْدَ I kindled the زند. (M, K.) 2 رَأَّيْتُهُ, inf. n. تَرْئِيَةٌ, I held for him, or to him, (Az, T, S,) or I showed, or presented, to him, (M, K,) or I withheld, or retained, or restricted, for him, [i. e. for his use,] (Az, * T, * S, * M, K,) the mirror, in order that he might look in it, (Az, T, S, K,) or in order that he might see himself in it; (M;) as also المِرْآةَ ↓ أَرَيْتُهُ. (M.) b2: See also 3.3 رَآءَيْتُهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. مُرَاآةٌ and رِئَآءٌ, (M,) I faced, so that I saw, him, or it; (M, K;) as also ↓ تَرَآءَيْتُهُ. (M.) b2: Also, inf. ns. as above, [I acted hypocritically, or with simulation, towards him;] I pretended to him that I was otherwise than I really was; (M, K; *) as also ↓ رَأَّيْتُهُ, inf. n. تَرْئِيَةٌ: (K:) both are mentioned by Fr: (T:) [accord. to J,] رَآءَى فُلَانٌ النَّاسَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. مُرَاآةٌ, and رَايَاهُمْ, inf. n. مُرَايَاةٌ, the latter formed by transposition, [which indicates, though written as above in my copies of the S, that we should read رَايَأَهُمْ, inf. n. مُرَايَأَةٌ,] signify the same: (S:) [but it is said in the Mgh that رَايَا (perhaps thus written for رَايَأَ) in the sense of رَآءَى is a mistake: and] رَآءَى signifies [he acted ostentatiously; i. e.] he did a deed in order that men might see it: (Mgh:) or رِئَآءٌ signifies the making a show of what one does to men, in order that they may see it and think well of it: and the acting otherwise than for the sake of God: (Msb, TA:) and it is said in the S to be a subst. [as distinguished from an inf. n.; but why so, I do not see]. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [cvii. 6], اَلَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَاؤُونَ Who act hypocritically; when the believers pray, praying with them, pretending to them that they follow the same way [of religion] as they: (M, TA:) or who make a show of their works to men, in order to be praised by them. (Bd.) And مَنْ رَآءَى رَآءَى اللّٰهُ بِهِ He who does a deed in order that men may see it, God will expose his doing so on the day of resurrection. (Mgh) And فَعَلَ ذٰلِكَ رِئَآءً وَسُمْعَةً [He did that in order to make others to see it and hear of it]. (S.) [See also 4.] b3: In the saying of El-Farezdak, satirizing a people, and charging one of their women with that which is not comely, وَ بَاتَ يُرَاآهَا حَصَانًا وَ قَدْ جَرَتْ لَنَا بُرَتَاهَا بِالَّذِى أَنَ شَاكِرُهْ [And he passed the night thinking her chaste, when her two anklets had run to us with that for which I was thankful], by يُرَاآهَا [with حَصَانًا following it] he means يَظُنُّ أَنَّهَا حَصَانٌ, i. e. عَفِيفَةٌ; and by جَرَتْ لَنَا بُرَتَاهَا he means أَنَّهَا أَمْكَنَتْهُ مِنْ رِجْلَيْهَا حَتَّى غَشِيَهَا. (T.) b4: رَآءَيْتُهُ also signifies I consulted with him; or asked his counsel, or advice: (T, K: *) and فِى الرَّأْىِ ↓ اِسْتَرْأَيْتُهُ I consulted him, or asked his counsel, or advice, respecting the opinion. (T, K.) 'Imrán Ibn-Hittán says, فَإِنْ نَكُنْ نَحْنُ شَاوَرْنَاكَ قُلْتَ لَنَا بِالنُّصْحِ مِنْكَ لَنَا فِيمَا نُرَائِيكَا i. e. [And if we ask thy counsel, or advice, thou pronouncest to us, with honesty on thy part towards us, concerning that] respecting which we ask thy counsel, or advice. (T.) 4 أَرَيْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ, (IAar, T, S, M, K,) originally

أَرَأَيْتُهُ, (S,) inf. n. إِرَآءَةٌ (Sb, IAar, T, M, K) and إِرَايَةٌ (IAar, T) and إِرَآءٌ, (Sb, IAar, T, M, K,) [the last originally إِرْأَاءٌ,] the ة in the first inf. n. being a substitute [for the suppressed أ, and in like manner in the second], and the last inf. n. being without any substitution, (Sb, M,) [I made him to see the thing; i. e. I showed him the thing:] you say, أَرَيْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ فَرَآهُ [I showed him the thing, and he saw it[. (S.) See also 8. Aboo-'Amr read أَرْنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا, [in the Kur ii. 122, for أَرِنَا i. e. Show Thou to us our religious rites and caremonies of the pilgrimage, or our places where those rites and ceremonies are to be performed,] which is anomalous. (M.) b2: One says also, أَرَى اللّٰهُ بِفُلَانٍ, meaning God showed men by [the example of] such a one punishment and destruction: (K:) or God showed by [the example of] such a one that which would cause his enemy to rejoice at his misfortune: a saying of the Arabs: (T in art. رى:) said only in relation to evil. (Sh, TA.) b3: And أَرِنِى الشَّىْءَ Give thou, or hand thou, to me the thing. (M, TA.) b4: أَرَى

in the sense of أَعْلَمَ [as meaning He made such a one to know a thing, or person, to be, as in the saying, أَرَيْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًامُنْطَلِقًا I made Zeyd to know “ Amr to be going away, which may be rendered I showed Zeyd that 'Amr was going away,] requires [as this ex. shows] three objective complements. (M, and Bd in iv. 106. [See I “ AK, p. 117.]) b5: This is not the case in the saying in the Kur [iv. 106], لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسَ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللّٰهُ; (M, Bd;) for here it has but two objective complements, namely, the ك in اراك, and the suppressed pronoun هُ in أَرَاكَهُ: it is in this instance from الرَّأْىُ in the sense of الإِعْتِقَادُ: (M:) the meaning is, [That thou mayest judge between men] by means of that which God hath taught thee, syn. عَرَّفَكَ, (Ksh, Bd,) or عَلَّمَكَ, (Jel,) and revealed to thee. (Ksh, Bd.) b6: See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph, in two places, in which the pass., أُرِىَ, is mentioned.

A2: أَرْأَى [as an intrans. v., preserving the original form, inf. n. إِرْآءٌ, as below,] He looked in the mirror; (T, K;) and so فِى المِرْآةِ ↓ تَرَأَّى and فِيهَا ↓ تَرَآءَى: (T, M, K:) or ↓ تَرَآءَى signifies he (a man) looked at his face in the mirror or in the sword: (S:) and فِى المَآءِ ↓ تَمَرْأَى he looked at his face in the water; the doing of which is forbidden in a trad; of the measure تَمَفْعَلَ [from المِرْآةُ]; mentioned by Sb; like تَمَسْكَنَ from المِسْكِينُ, and تَمَدْرَعَ from المِدْرَعَةُ, and تَمَنْدَلَ from المِنْدِيلُ. (M.) b2: He (a man) had many dreams. (T, K. *) b3: He moved his eyelids, (K,) or made much motion with his eyes, (T,) in looking: (T, K:) you say, هُوَ يُرْئِىبِعَيْنَيْهِ, (TA,) and يُرَأْرِئٌ بِعَيْنَيْهِ. (T, TA. *) b4: He acted (T, K) well, or righteously, (T,) in order to make others see what he did, and hear of it. (T, K.) [See also 3.] b5: He possessed, or became possessed of, intelligence (K, TA) and judgment and forecast: (TA:) inf. n. إِرْآءٌ. (K, TA. [The inf. n. is mentioned with this signification, in the K, app. because it is the first there explained, and therefore as applying to the verb in all its senses.]) b6: And He had the appearance, or evidence, of foolishness, or stupidity, in his face: (T, K, TA: [the words by which Az explains this meaning are تَبَيَّنَتْ

آراؤهُ فى وَجْهِهِ وهى الحماقةُ, accord. to one copy of the T; in another copy of the same, الرؤاه: the TA follows the former reading: but the right reading is الرَّأْوَةٌ; mentioned in the T, thus correctly written, in art. رأرأ; in the S, in the present art; and in the M, in art. رأو, which is its proper art., and therefore the proper art. of the verb in the sense thus explained:]) thus it bears two contr. meanings. (K. [But it is added in the TA that this requires consideration.]) b7: Also He had what is termed a رَئِىّ, of the jinn, or genii; (T, K, TA;) i. e., a follower, of the jinn. (TA.) b8: And He followed the opinion, or belief, of some one, or more, of the lawyers (K, TA) in the science of the law. (TA.) b9: أَرْأَتْ said of a she-camel and of a ewe or she-goat, (M,) and of any female in a state of pregnancy, except a solidhoofed animal and a beast of prey, Her udder showed her to be pregnant: (M, K:) and in like manner it is said of a woman: (M:) or, said of a ewe or she-goat, she was, or became, big in her udder: (S:) and accord. to IAar, said of a she-goat, she was, or became, swollen in her vulva, and her being so became apparent, or evident. (M.) And أَرْأَى said of a man, His ewe, or she-goat, was, or became, black in her udder. (T.) A3: See also 1, in two places, near the end of the paragraph.

A4: [It is also said in the K and TA that أَرأَى, said of a camel, means اِنْتَكَثَ خَطْمُهُ عَلَى حَلْقِهِ; in the CK انْتَكَبَ; and in the TA this is said to be on the authority of En-Nadr: but in a copy of the T, I find it stated, on the authority of ISh, (i. e. En-Nadr,) that الارآ (i. e. الإِرْآءُ) signifies انتكاثُ خطم البَعيرِ على حَلْقِه: in another copy of the T, on the authority of En-Nadr, that الرآ (a mistranscription for الإِرْآءُ) signifies انتكاث خطم البعير خِلقة: and it is added that the epithet applied to a camel is مُرأى (as in one copy, i. e. ↓ مُرْأَى, and thus it is written in the TA, but in the other copy of the T مراْى, an obvious mistranscription); and to camels, مُرآاتٌ (as in one copy, for مُرْأَاتٌ, i. e. مُرْآتٌ, in the other copy of the T erroneously written مُرَأاة, and in the TA مرايات): therefore the verb is evidently أُرْئِىَ, in the pass. form, inf. n. إِرْآءٌ; and I think that the correct explanation is اِنْتَكَثَ خَطْمُهُ خِلْقَةً, app. meaning His muzzle was thin, or lean, by nature: see art. نكث: and see also مُرْأًى below.]5 ترأّى فِى المِرْآةِ: see 4, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: ترأّى لِى: see the paragraph here following.6 تَرَآءَوْا They saw one another: (M, K:) dual تَرَآءَيَا. (TA.) And تَرَآءَى الجَمْعَانِ, (S, TA,) in the Kur [xxvi. 61], (TA,) The two bodies of people saw each other: (S:) or approached and faced each other so that each was able to see the other. (TA.) And تَرَآءَيْنَا We met and saw each other. (A'Obeyd, T.) See also 3, first sentence. It is said in a trad, (T,) لَاتَرَاآنَاراهُمَا, [for تَتَرَاآ, as it is written in some copies of the K,] (T, K,) [i. e. (tropical:) Their two fires shall not be within sight of each-other;] meaning that the Muslim may not dwell in the country of the believers in a plurality of gods, and be with them so that each of them shall see the fire of the other: (T, K *) so says A'Obeyd: or, accord. to AHeyth, it means that the Muslim may not mark himself with the mark of the believer in a plurality of gods, nor assimilate himself to him in conduct and guise, nor assume his manners, or dispositions; from the phrase مَا نَارُ بَعِيرِكَ, meaning “ What is the brand of thy camel? ” (T:) IAth explains it similarly to A'Obeyd; and says that the verb is thus used tropically. (TA.) b2: ترآءى لِى He addressed, or presented, himself [to my sight, or] in order that I might see him; as also لى ↓ ترأّى. (M, K.) And ترآءى لَهُ شَىْءٌ مِنَ الجِنِّ [Somewhat of the jinn, or genii, presented itself to his sight]. (S.) b3: ترآءى النَّخْلُ The palm-trees showed the colours of their unripe dates. (AHn, M, K.) b4: تَرَآءَيْنَا الهِلَالَ We tasked the sight by trying whether or not we could see the new moon: or, as some say, we looked [together, at, or for, the new moon]: (Sh, * T, TA:) or we lowered our eyes towards the new moon in order that we might see it. (Msb.) [See also 6 in art. نقض.] b5: See also 4, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places. b6: تَرَآءَيْنَا فِىالأَمْرِ or ترآءينا الأَمْرَ: see 8. b7: هُوَ يَتَرَآءَى بِرَأْىِ فُلَانٍ He takes to, or holds, the opinion, or persuasion, or belief, of such a one; and inclines to it; and conforms to it. (T, TA.) b8: See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.8 اِرْتَآهُ [is syn. with رَآهُ as signifying He saw him, or it, with the eye; and also, with the mind]: see 1, first sentence: or it is [syn. with رَآهُ in the latter sense only, being] from الرَّأْىُ and التَّدْبِيرُ: (S, TA:) or اِرْتَأَى is from رَأْىُ القَلْبِ, (Lth, T,) or from رُؤْيَةُالقَلْبِ, or from الرَّأْىُ, and means he thought, reflected, or considered, and acted deliberately, or leisurely. (IAth, TA.) You say, اِرْتَأَيْنَا فِى الأَمْرِ, and ↓ تَرَآءَيْنَا [i. e. ترآءينا فِيهِ] or تَرَآءَيْنَاهُ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) meaning نَظَرْنَاهُ [or نَظَرْنَاهُنَظَرْنَا فيه, i. e. We looked into, examined, or considered, the affair, or case]. (K.) And اِرْتَآهُ وَاعْتَقَدَهُ [He saw it with his mind, looked into it, examined it, or considered it, and believed it]. (Mgh.) 10 استرآهُ He, or it, called for, demanded, or required, the seeing of it; (M, K;) i. e., a thing. (M.) b2: See also 1, first sentence. b3: And see 3, last sentence but one. b4: You say also, يُسْتَرْأَى

فُلَانٌ [Such a one is counted, accounted, or esteemed, hypocritical, or ostentatious], from الرِّئَآءُ [inf. n. of 3]; like as you say, يُسْتَحْمِقُ, and يُسْتَعْقَلُ. (AA, S.) Q. Q. 2 تَمَرْأَى: see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

رَأْىٌ is an inf. n. of رَأَى [q. v.]: (T, S, K:) [and is also a subst.: used as a subst.,] it means The رَأْى of the eye; (Lth, T, Msb;) i. e. the sight thereof; like رُؤْيَةٌ, q. v.: (Msb:) and also, of the mind; (Lth, T;) [i. e.,] it signifies also mental perception: (Msb:) [conception: idea: nation:] belief; (M, K;) as a subst., not as inf. n.: (M:) [or judgment: or persuasion: or opinion; i. e.] a preponderating belief of one of two things that are inconsistent, each with the other: (Er-Rághib, TA:) a thing that a man has seen with his mind, looked into, examined, or considered, (مَا ارْتَآهُ,) and believed: (Mgh:) [a tenet:] also intelligence: and forecast: and skill in affairs: (Msb:) [and hence it often means counsel, or advice:] pl. أَرْآءٌ (T, S, K &c.) and آرَآءٌ, (S, M, K,) the latter formed by transposition, [being for أَأْرَآءٌ,] (S,) and أَرْىءٍ [originally أَرْؤُىٌ, like as أَظْبٍ is originally أَظْبُىٌ,] (Lh, M, K, TA, in some copies of the K أَرْىٌ) and رُئِىٌّ and رِئِىٌّ [both originally رُؤُوىٌ], (Lh, M, TA,) in the K رُىٌّ, with damm, [in the CK رَىٌّ,] and رِىٌّ, with kesr, (TA,) and [quasipl. n.] ↓ رَئِىٌّ, (S, K,) of the measure فَعِيلٌ, like ضَئِينٌ. (S.) One says, مَاأَضَلَّ رَأْيَهُ [How erroneous is his mental perception, &c.!], and مَاأَضَلَّ

أَرُآهُ [How erroneous are his mental perceptions, &c.!]. (Lth, T.) أَصْحَابُ الرَّأْىِ, [often meaning The speculatists, or theorists,] as used by those who treat of the traditions, means the followers of analogy; because they pronounce according to their رَأْى [or belief, &c.,] in relation to that concerning which they have not found any [tradition such as is termed] حَدِيث or أَثَر, (IAth, K, TA,) or in relation to that which is dubious to them in a tradition. (IAth, TA.) But accord. to the usage of others, one says, فُلَانٌ مِنْ أَهُلِ الرَّأْى

meaning Such a one holds the belief, or opinion, &c., of the [heretics, or schismatics, called] خَوَارِج, and says according to their persuasion. (TA.) [Sometimes, also, this phrase means Such a one is of the people of intelligence; or of counsel, or advice.] See also رَئِىٌّ. And رَجُلٌ ذُو رَأْىٍ meansA man having mental perception, and skill in affairs. (Msb.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

أَتَاهُمْ حِينَ جَنَّ رُؤْىٌ and رُؤْيًا and ↓ رَأْىٌ and رَأْيًا (M, K *) [He came to them] when the darkness had become confused so that they did not see one another. (M, K.) رِئْىٌ, (M, TA,) in the K said to be ↓ رُئِىٌّ, like صُلِىٌّ, (TA, [but the former is the right, as will be shown by a citation from the Kur in what follows,]) and ↓ رُؤَآءٌ and ↓ مَرْآةٌ Aspect, look, or outward appearance: (M, K:) [and so ↓ رُؤْيَةٌ; used in this sense in the S and K in explanation of طَلْعَةٌ:] or the first and second (i. e. رِئْىٌ and ↓ رُؤَآءٌ, M) signify beauty of aspect or outward appearance; (M, K;) or so does this last; (T, S;) [and so رُوَآءٌ, with و, mentioned in the S in art. روى, and there explained as syn. with مَنْظَرٌ;] and ↓ مَرْآةٌ signifies aspect, or outward appearance, absolutely, (M, K, *) whether beautiful or ugly: (M:) or this (مرآة) signifies a beautiful aspect or outward appearance: and رِئْىٌ signifies what the eye sees, of goodly condition and clean apparel; as in the phrase in the Kur [xix. 75], هُمٌ أَحسَنُ

أَثَاثًا وَوِئْيًا [they being better in respect of goods, or property, and of appearance of goodly condition and outward apparel], accord. to him who reads it [thus] with ء; and read without ء it may be from the same, or from رَوِيَتْ أَلْوَانُهُمْ وَجُلُودُهُمْ meaning “ their colours and skins became full and beautiful ” [or rather “ beautiful and full ”] : (S:) for Náfi' and Ibn-'Ámir read رِيًّا, by conversion of the ء [into ى] and incorporating it [into the radical ى], or from الرِّىٌّ meaning النَّعْمَةُ; and Aboo-Bekr read رِئًا, by transposition; and another reading is رِيًا, with the ء suppressed; and another زِيًّا, from الزَّىُّ. (Bd.) One says ↓ اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةُ المَرْآةِ and ↓ المَرْأَى [A woman beautiful of aspect]; like as you say حَسَنَةُ المَنْظَرَةِ and المَنْظَرِ: (T, S:) and فُلَانٌ حَسَنٌ العَيْنِ ↓ فِى مَرْآةِ Such a one is beautiful in aspect: and it is said in a prov., ↓ تُخْبِرُ عَنْ مَجْهُولِهِ مَرْآتُهُ His outward appearance indicates [what would otherwise be his unknown character, meaning,] his inward state. (S.) [See also تَرِئيَةٌ]

رِئَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K,) with ء, (T, S, Msb,) and رِيَةٌ without ء, (T, Msb,) The سَحْر [or lungs, or lights]; (S;) the place of the breath and wind (M, K) of a man &c., (M,) [i. e.] of an animal: (K:) the ة is a substitute for the ى (S, Msb,) which is suppressed: (Msb:) pl. رِئُونَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) agreeably with a general rule relating to words of this class, (M,) and رِئَاتٌ: (M, Msb, K:) dim. ↓ رُؤَيَّةٌ and رُوَيَّةٌ (T.) Some say that the suppressed letter [in رِيَةٌ] is و; and that it is originally وِرْيَةٌ like as عِدَةٌ is originally وِعْدَةٌ: and وَرَيْتُهُ signifies “ I hit, or hurt, his رِيَة ” (Msb.) [hence ذَاتُ الرِّئَةِ Inflammation of the lungs.]

رَأْوَةٌ An indication of a thing. (M in art. رأو [to which it belongs: but in the S and TA mentioned in the present art.; and in the T, in art. رأ: in one copy of the S written رَآوَةٌ; and in one place in the TA, written رؤاوة, and said to be like ثُمَامَةٌ, app. from the author's having found it written رُآوَةٌ for رَأْوَةٌ].) You say, عَلَى فُلَانٍ رَأْوَةُ الحُمْقِ [Upon such a one is the indication of foolishness, or stupidity]. (M.) And عَلَى وَجْهِهِ رَأْوَةُ الحُمْقِ [Upon his face is the indication of foolishness, or stupidity], when you know foolishness, or stupidity, to be in him before you test him. (Lh, T, S.) And إِنَّ فِى وَجْهِهِ لَرَأْوَةً Verily in his face is an ugliness. (T.) [See also an explanation of أَرْأَى, above. J seems to have regarded the و as substituted for ى.]

رَأْيَةٌ, originally thus, with ء; (T, Msb;) but the Arabs prefer omitting it, [saying رَايَةٌ,] and some of them say that it has not been heard with ء; (Msb;) [Az says,] the Arabs did not pronounce it with ء: accord. to Lth, its radical letters are رىى: (T:) A banner, or standard, (T, Msb,) of an army: (Msb:) pl. رَايَاتٌ (T, Msb.) [See also art. رى.]

رُؤْيَةٌ an inf. n. of رَأَى [q. v.] : (T, S, M, Msb, K:) [and also a subst.: used a as subst.,) it means The sight of the eye; as also ↓ رَأْىٌ: [and accord. to the M and K, it is with the mind also; like رَأْىٌ:] pl. رُوًى. (Msb.) b2: See also رِئْىٌ b3: [Also The phasis of the moon.]

رُؤْيَا, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) with ء, (T, M,) of the measure فُعْلَى, (S, Msb,) without tenween, (S,) [i. e.] imperfectly decl., because the ا is that which is the sign of the fem. gender, (Msb,) also pronounced رُويَا, without ء, (Fr, T, M,) and رُيَّا, [which is anomalous, like رُىٌّ, for رِىٌّ,] mentioned by El-Fárisee on the authority of Abu-l- Hasan, (M,) and رِيَّا, (T, M,) heard by Ks from an Arab of the desert, (T,) A dream, or vision in sleep; (T, * S, * M, K;) accord. to most of the lexicologists, syn. with حُلْمٌ; or the former is such as is good, and the latter is the contr.: (MF voce حُلْمٌ, q. v.:) accord. to Lth, it has no pl.; but accord, to others, (T,) its pl. is رُؤًى, (T, S, M, K,) with tenween. (S.) One says, رَأَيْتُ عَنْكَ رُؤًى حَسَنَةً I dreamt, of thee, good dreams. (M.) رُءَآءٌ: see رِئْىٌ, in two places.

رِئَآءٌ an inf. n. of 3 [q. v.]. (M. [Said in the S to be a subst.]) b2: [Hence,] قَوْمٌ رِئَآءٌ A party, or company of men, facing one another. (S.) and in like manner, بُيُوتُهُمْ رِئَآءٌ [Their tents, or houses, are facing one another]. (S.) And مَنَازِلُهُمْ رِئَآءٌ Their places of alighting, or abode, are facing, or opposite, one to another. (T.) b3: And دُورُ القَوْمِ مِنَّا رِئَآؤٌ The houses of the people, or party, are as far as the eye reaches, where we see them, namely, the people. (M.) b4: And هُمْ رِئَآءُ أَلْفٍ They are as many as a thousand in the sight of the eye. (K, * TA.) رَئِىٌّ and ↓ رِئِىٌّ (Lth, T, M, K, TA) A jinnee, or genie, that presents himself to a man, and shows him, or teaches him, divination or enchantment or the like: (Lth, T, TA:) or a jinnee whom a man sees: or, accord. to Lh, one whom a person loves, and with whom he becomes familiar: (M:) or a jinnee that is seen and loved: or the latter word means such as is loved: (K:) and the former word, some other than this: (TA:) or the former means a follower, who is of the jinn; of the measure فَعِيلٌ or فَعُولٌ; [if the latter, originally رَؤُوى;] so called because he presents himself to the sight of him of whom he is the follower; or from the saying, فُلَانٌ رَئِىُّ قَوْمِهِ, meaning, صَاحِبُ

↓ رَأْيِهِمْ [i. e. Such a one is the counsellor, or adviser, of his people, or party]: and sometimes it is pronounced رِئِىٌّ (IAth, TA.) You say, لَهُ رَئِىٌّ He has a jinnee &c. (Lh, M, TA.) and مَعَهُ رِئِىٌّ With him is a jinnee &c. (Lth, T, TA.) And بِهِ رَئِىٌّ مِنَ الجِنِّ, meaning مَسٌّ [i. e. In him is a touch, or stroke, from the jinn, or genii]. (S.) b2: Also, both words, A great serpent, (K, TA,) that presents itself to the sight of a man; (TA;) so called as being likened to a jinnee; (K, TA;) or because they assert that the serpent is a transformed jinnee, wherefore they call it شَيْطَانٌ and جَانٌّ. (IAth, TA.) b3: And A garment, or piece of cloth, that is spread out for sale. (Aboo-'Alee, M, K.) A2: For the former word, see also رَأْىٌ [of which it is a quasi-pl. n.].

رُئِىٌّ: see رِئْىٌ [for which it is app. a mistranscription].

رِئِىٌّ: see رَئِىٌّ.

رُؤَيَّةٌ dim. of رِئَةٌ, q. v.; also prounced رُوَيَّةٌ. (T.) رَأّءٌ, or رَأَّءٌ, A man (M) who sees much. (M, K.) رَآءٍ [act. part. n. of رَأَى; Seeing: &c.

A2: ] Still, or motionless: as also رَاهٍ. (TA.) أَرْأَى More, and most, apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, proper, competent, or worthy. (M, K, TA.) You say, أَنَا أَرْأَى أَنْ أَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ I am more, or most, apt, &c., to do that. (K, * TA.) And هُوَ أَرْآهُمْ لِأَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ He is the most apt, &c., of them to do that. (M.) تَرْئِيَةٌ inf. n. of 2. (Az, T, S.) b2: [Also,] as a subst., not an inf. n., (M,) Beauty, or goodliness; beauty of aspect. (M, K.) [See also رِئْىٌ.] b3: Also, (M, Mgh,) and تَرِيَّةٌ (S, M, Mgh) and تِرِيَّةٌ, the former of these two words extr., (M,) A slight yellowness and dinginess (S, Mgh) which a woman sees after washing herself in consequence of menstruation: what is in the days of menstruation is termed حَيْضٌ [app. for دَمُ حَيْضٍ]; not تريّة: (S:) or a little yellowness or whiteness or blood which a woman sees on the occasion of menstruation: or, as some say, تَرَيَّةٌ signifies the piece of rag by means of which she knows her state of menstruation from her state of purity: it is from الرُّؤْيَةُ. (M.) b4: See also what next follows.

تِرْئِيَةٌ A man who practises evasions or elusions, shifts, wiles, or artifices; as also ↓ تَرْئِيَةٌ. (Ibn-Buzurj, T.) مَرْأًى: see رِئْىٌ b2: You say also, هُوَ مِنِّى مَرْأًى

وَمَسْــمَعٌ, and مَرْأًى وَمَسْــمَعًا, (M, K,) accord. to Sb, as adv. ns. having a special, or particularized, meaning, used as though they had not such a meaning, (M,) and sometimes they said مَرًى, (TA in art. سمع,) He is where I see him and hear him. (M, K.) And فُلَانٌ مِنِّى بِمَرْأًى وَمَسْــمَعٍ

Such a one is where I see him and hear what he says. (S.) مُرْأًى, applied to a [camel's] head, Long in the خَطْمٍ [or muzzle], (As, T, M, K,) in which is تَصْوِيب [i. e. a bending down], (M, K, [in the CK, erroneously, تَصْوِيتٌ,]) or in which is the like of التَّصْوِيب, like the form of the [vessel called]

إِبْرِيق: (As, T:) Nuseyr likens رُؤُوس مُرْأَيَات to قَوَارِير [i. e. flasks, or bottles]: I know not [says ISd] any verb belonging to this word, [though أُرْئِى seems to be its verb,] nor any art. to which it belongs. (M.) See 4, last sentence.

مُرْىءٍ, applied to a she-camel, and a ewe or she-goat, (M,) and any female in a state of pregnancy, except a solid-hoofed animal and a beast of prey, Whose udder shows her to be pregnant; as also مُرْئِيَةٌ: (M, K:) and in like manner applied to a woman: (M:) or, applied to a ewe or she-goat, big in her udder. (S.) مَرْآةٌ: see رِئْىٌ, in five places. b2: You say also, هُوَ مَرْآةٌ بِكَذَاHe is apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, proper, or competent, for such a thing; or worthy of such a thing. (K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, مَرْاَةٌ.]) And هُوَ مَرْآةٌ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا He is apt, meet, suited, &c., to do such a thing: and in like manner you say of two, and of a pl. number, and of a female. (Lh, M.) مِرْآةٌ A mirror: (T, S, M, K:) originally مِرْأَيَةٌ: (Msb:) pl. مَرَآءٍ and مَرَايَا; (T, S, Msb;) the latter formed by transmutation [of the ء into ى]. (T. [It is said in the S, that the former pl. is used in speaking of three; and the latter, in speaking of many; but for this distinction I see no reason: and in the Msb it is said that, accord. to Az, the latter pl. is a mistake; but this I do not find in the T.]) مُرَآءٍ [act. part n. of 3, q. v.:] A hypocrite: [&c.:] (T, S: *) pl. مُرَاؤُونَ. (S.)

حسن

1 حَسُنَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) which may also be written and pronounced حَسْنَ, with the dammeh suppressed, (S,) and حَسَنَ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. حُسْنٌ (S, * Msb, K, * TA) and حُسْنَى, (Ham p. 657, and Bd in ii. 77,) He, or it (a thing, S, Msb), had, or possessed, the quality termed حَسْنٌ [which see below; i. e., was, or became, good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, or pleasing, &c.; and ↓ تحسّن often signifies the same, as in the phrase تحسّن عِنْدَهُ it was, or became, good, &c., in his estimation]: (S, K, TA:) and [in like manner] زَيْدٌ ↓ أَحْسَنَ means Zeyd became possessed of حُسْن. (Mughnee in art. بِ.) b2: One may not say حُسْنَ, transferring the dammeh of the س to the ح and making the former letter quiescent, except in one case; because it is [virtually, together with its agent expressed or implied, in this case,] a predicate: [see I'Ak p. 234:] this is allowable only in the case of a verb of praise or dispraise; حُسْنَ, in respect of the transference of the medial vowel, being likened to نِعْمَ and بِئْسَ, which are originally نَعِمَ and بَئِسَ: and thus one does in all verbs like these two in meaning: a poet says, لَمْ يَمْنَعِ النَّاسُ مِنِّى مَا أَرَدْتُ وَ مَا

أُعْطِيهِمُ مَا أَرَادُوا حُسْنَ ذَا أَدَبَا [Men have not withheld from me what I have desired, nor do I give them what they have desired: good, or very good, is this as a mode of conduct!]: meaning حَسُنَ هٰذَا أَدَبًا. (S, TA.) Yousay also, حَسُنَ زَيْدٌ, [meaning Good, or goodly, &c., or very good &c., is Zeyd! or] meaning بِهِ ↓ أَحْسِنْ [i. e. how good, or goodly, &c., is Zeyd! as also ↓ مَا أَحْسَنَهُ]. (B, TA in art. بِ.) 2 حسّنهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحْسِينٌ, (S,) He made it, or rendered it, حَسَن [i. e. good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, or pleasing, &c.]; (K;) he beautified, embellished, or adorned, it; (S, TA;) as also ↓ احسنهُ. (TA.) You say, الحَلَّاقُ رَأْسَهُ ↓ أَحْسَنَ The shaver beautified, or trimmed, his head. (TA.) And الَّذِى

كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقَهُ ↓ أَحْسَنَ [Who hath made good, or goodly, everything that He hath created], in the Kur [xxxii. 6], means حَسَّنَ خَلْقَ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ [hath made good, or goodly, the creation of everything]. (TA.) b2: [See also تَحْسِينٌ.] b3: And see 10.3 إنِّى أُحَاسِنُ بِكَ النَّاسَ (S, TA) Verily I contend with men for thy superiority in حُسْن [i. e. goodness, or goodliness, &c.]. (TA.) [حَاسَنَ followed by an accus. is rendered by Golius, as on the authority of J, who gives no explanation of it, “Bene tractavit et egit. ”]4 احسن as an intrans. v.: see 1. b2: Also He did that which was حَسَن [meaning good, comely, or pleasing; he acted well]; (Msb;) he did a good deed: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [for] إِحْسَانٌ is the contr. of إِسَآءَةٌ: (K:) it differs from إِنْعَامٌ in being to oneself and to another; whereas the latter is only to another: (TA:) and it surpasses عَدْلٌ, inasmuch as it means the giving more than one owes, and taking less than is owed to one; whereas the latter means the giving what one owes, and taking what is owed to one. (Er-Rághib, TA.) You say, أَحْسَنْتُ إِلَيْهِ and بِهِ [I acted, or behaved, with goodness, well, or in a good or comely or pleasing manner, towards him; did good to him; benefited him; conferred a benefit, or benefits, upon him]: both signify the same: (S, TA:) and hence, in the Kur [xii. 101], قَدْ أَحْسَنَ بِى

إِذَ أَخْرَجَنِى مِنَ السِّجْنِ meaning إِلَىَّ [i. e. He hath acted well towards me, when he brought me forth from the prison]: (AHeyth, Az:) or, accord. to some, the verb in this case is made to import the meaning of لَطَفَ [which is trans. by means of بِ, i. e. He hath acted graciously with me]. (Mughnee in art. بِ.) b3: الإِحْسَانُ is also explained as meaning الإِخْلَاصُ [i. e. The being sincere, or without hypocrisy; or the asserting oneself to be clear of believing in any beside God]; which is a condition of the soundness, or validity, of الإِيمَان and الإِسْلَام together: and as denoting watchfulness, and good obedience: and as meaning the continuing in the right way, and following the way which those [of the righteous] who have gone before have trodden; this last being said to be the meaning in the Kur ix. 101. (TA.) A2: As a trans. v.: see 2, in three places. b2: احسنهُ also signifies (tropical:) He knew it: (S, K, TA:) [or] he knew it well; (Er-Rághib, Msb;) and so احسن بِهِ, as in the saying, هُوَ يُحْسِنُ بِالعَرَبِيَّةِ (assumed tropical:) He knows well the Arabic language. (MA.) Hence the saying of 'Alee, قِيمَةُ المَرْءِ مَا يُحْسِنُهُ (tropical:) [The value of the man is what he knows, or knows well]. (TA.) النَّاسُ أَبْنَآءُ مَا يُحْسِنُونَ is another saying of 'Alee, meaning (tropical:) Men are named, or reputed, in relation to what they know, and to the good deeds that they do. (TA.) b3: أَحْسِنْ بِهِ and مَا أَحْسَنَهُ: see 1, last sentence. You say also, ↓ مَا أُحَيْسِنَهُ [i. e. How very good, or goodly, &c., is he!]; using the dim. form; like مَا أُمَيْلِحَهُ [q. v.]. (S and K in art. ملح.) A3: Also He (a man, IAar) sat upon a high hill, or heap, of sand, such as is termed حَسَنٌ. (IAar, K.) 5 تحسّن: see 1. b2: Also i. q. تَجَمَّلَ [i. e. He beautified, embellished, or adorned, himself: and he affected what is beautiful, goodly, or comely, in person, or in action or actions or behaviour, or in moral character, &c.]. (TA.) [تَحَسَّنَتْ, said of a woman, occurs, in the former sense, in the S and K in art. رعد, and in the TA in art. نقط, &c.]

b3: دَخَلَ الحَمَّامَ فَتَحَسَّنَ He entered the hot bath and was shaven. (TA.) 6 تحاسن [He affected to be حَسَن (i. e. good, goodly, beautiful, comely, &c.), not being really so]. (A in art. صبح. [See 6 in that art.]) 10 استحسنهُ He counted, accounted, reckoned, or esteemed, him, or it, حَسَن [i. e. good, goodly, beautiful, comely, pleasing, &c.; he approved, thought well of, or liked, him, or it]; (S, K;) as also ↓ حسّنهُ, inf. n. تَحْسِينٌ. (Har p. 594.) Hence the saying, صَرْفُ هٰذَا اسْتِحْسَانٌ وَ المَنْعُ قِيَاسٌ [The making this word perfectly declinable is approvable, but the making it imperfectly declinable is agreeable with analogy]. (TA.) حُسْنٌ (S, K, &c.) and ↓ حُسُنٌ, which is of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and ↓ حَسَنٌ, (MF, TA,) Goodness, or goodliness, [generally the latter,] beauty, comeliness, or pleasingness; contr. of قُبْحٌ: (S:) i. q. جَمَالٌ: (K:) but accord. to As, [when relating to the person,] حُسْنٌ is in the eyes, and جَمَالٌ is in the nose: (TA:) symmetry; or just proportion of the several parts of the person, one to another: (Kull:) or anything, moving the mind, that is desired, or wished for; such as is approved by the intellect; and such as is approved by natural desire; and such as is approved by the faculty of sense: in the common conventional language, mostly applied to what is approved by the sight: in the Kur, mostly to what is approved by mental perception: it is in accidents as well as in substances: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the pl. is ↓ مَحَاسِنُ, (S, K,) like مَلَامِحُ pl. of لَمْحَةٌ, and مَشَابِهُ pl. of شَبَهٌ, &c., (Har p. 9,) contr. to rule, (S, K,) as though pl. of ↓ مَحْسَنٌ or ↓ مُحْسَنٌ: (S accord. to different copies:) or, accord. to Lh and Eth-Tha'álibee, مَحَاسِنُ has no proper sing. (TA.) وَ قُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا, in the Kur [ii. 77], means And say ye to men a saying having in it goodness (قَوْلًا ذَا حُسْنٍ): or حُسْنًا may mean حَسَنًا: (Zj, TA:) and some read here حَسَنًا: and some, حُسُنًا, accord. to the dial. of El-Hijáz: and some, ↓ حُسْنَى, as an inf. n., like بُشْرَى: (Bd:) but AHát and Zj disallow this; the former saying that حُسْنَى is like فُعْلَى [as fem. of أَفْعَلُ denoting the comparative and superlative degrees], and therefore should have the article ال. (TA.) وَ وَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حُسْنًا, in the Kur [xxix. 7], means [in like manner] And we have enjoined man to do to his two parents what is good (مَا يَحْسُنُ حُسْنًا): (TA:) and here [also] some read حَسَنًا; and some, إِحْسَانًا. (Bd.) [See another ex. of a similar kind, from the Kur xviii. 85, voce إِمَّا, near the beginning of the paragraph.] b2: سِتُّ الحُسْنِ [The convolvulus caïricus of Linn.; abundant in the gardens of Cairo;] a certain plant that twines about trees and has a beautiful flower. (TA.) b3: See also حَسَنٌ.

حَسَنٌ Having, or possessing, the quality termed حُسْنٌ [which see above; good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, pleasing or pleasant, &c.]; (Msb, K, TA;) either intrinsically, as when applied to belief in God and in his attributes; or extrinsically, as when applied to war against unbelievers, for this is not good in itself: said to be the only epithet of its measure except بَطَلٌ: (TA:) and ↓ حَسِينٌ signifies the same, (IB, K,) because from حَسُنَ, like عَظِيمٌ and كَريِمٌ from عَظُمَ and كَرُمَ, (IB, TA,) and ↓ حُسَانٌ, (K,) but this is an intensive epithet, [signifying very good or goodly &c.,] (IB, TA,) and ↓ حُسَّانٌ, (K,) also an intensive epithet, (S, IB,) and ↓ حَاسِنٌ, (K,) [properly signifying being, or becoming, good or goodly &c.,] cited by Lh as used in a future sense, (TA,) and ↓ مُحَسَّنٌ as applied to a face: (K:) the fem. is حَسَنَةٌ, and ↓ حَسْنَآءُ, applied to a woman, (S, Msb, K,) though the corresponding masc. of this latter, namely, ↓ أَحْسَنُ, is [said to be] not used (S, K) as applied to a man [in the sense of حَسَنٌ], (S,) [but the phrase هُوَ أَحْسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا as meaning حَسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا is mentioned in the S in art. بيض, (see بَيَاضٌ, and see also the pl. أَحَاسِنُ in what here follows,)] and ↓ حُسَّانَةٌ: (S, K:) the pl. masc. is حِسَانٌ, (Msb, K,) pl. of حَسَنٌ used as an epithet; but when حَسَنٌ is used as a [proper] name, its pl. is حَسَنُونَ; (Msb;) and حِسَانٌ may also be pl. of حَسِينٌ; (TA;) and حُسَّانُونَ, (Sb, K,) pl. of ↓ حُسَّانٌ, which has no broken pl.: (Sb:) and أَحَاسِنُ القَوْمِ means حِسَانُهُمْ [the good, or goodly, &c., of the party, or company of men]: (K:) the pl. fem. is حِسَانٌ, (K,) like the masc., pl. of حَسْنَآءُ, and the only instance of its kind except عِجَافٌ, pl. of عَجْفَآءُ. (TA.) You say رَجُلٌ حَسَنٌ بَسَنٌ [A man very good or goodly &c.], using بسن as an imitative sequent [for the purpose of corroboration]. (S.) b2: [حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ A tradition of good authority; generally applied to one transmitted in the first instance by two or more relaters. b3: Also meaning Good, comely, goodhumoured, pleasing, or pleasant, discourse or talk.] b4: الحَسَنُ The bone that is next to the elbow; as also ↓ الحُسْنُ: (K:) or the extremity of the bone of the upper half of the arm next the shoulder-joint, because of the abundance of flesh that is upon it; the extremity of that bone next the elbow being called القَبِيحُ: (TA in art. قبح:) or the upper part of that bone; the lower part thereof being called القبيح. (Fr, TA in that art.) b5: A kind of tree, of beautiful appearance, (K, TA,) also called the أَلآء, that grows in rows upon a hill, or heap, (كَثِيب,) of sand; so called because of its beauty; whence the كثيب is called نَقَا الحَسَنِ: thus described by Az, on the authority of 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh. (TA.) b6: [And hence, perhaps,] حَسَنٌ signifies also A high كَثِيب [or hill, or heap, of sand]: (IAar, K:) whence it is used as a [proper] name of a boy. (IAar, TA.) A2: See also حُسْنٌ, first sentence.

الحُسَنُ: see أَحْسَنُ.

حُسُنٌ: see حُسْنٌ, first sentence.

حِسْنَةٌ A ledge (رَيْدٌ) projecting from a mountain: pl. حِسَنٌ. (K.) حَسَنَةٌ fem. of حَسَنٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also, [used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, A good act or action;] an act of obedience [to God; often particularly applied to an alms-deed]: (Ksh and Bd in iv. 80:) and the reward [of a good action]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) a good, benefit, benefaction, boon, or blessing: (Ksh and Bd ibid.:) contr. of سَيِّئَةٌ [in all these senses]: (S, K:) as contr. of this latter word, it signifies any rejoicing, or gladdening, good or benefit &c. that betides a man in his soul and his body and his circumstances: (Er-Rághib, TA:) pl. حَسَنَاتٌ: (K, and Kur vii. 167, &c.:) it has no broken pl. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur iv. 80, it means Abundance of herbage, or of the goods, conveniences, and comforts, of life; ampleness of circumstances; and success: and سَيِّئَة there means the contr. of these. (Er-Rághib, TA.) In the Kur xi. 116, الحَسَنَات is said to mean The five daily prayers, as expiating what has been between them. (TA.) b3: As an epithet, [fem. of حَسَنٌ,] it is applied to an accident as well as to a substance. (Er-Rághib, TA.) حُسْنَى: see حُسْنٌ, and أَحْسَنُ; the latter, in three places.

حَسْنَآءُ: see حَسَنٌ.

حُسَانٌ: see حَسَنٌ.

حَسِينٌ: see حَسَنٌ.

حُسَيْنٌ [dim. of حَسَنٌ. b2: Also] A high mountain: whence it is used as a [proper] name of a boy. (TA.) حُسَيْنَى One's utmost, [or rather one's best,] or the utmost of one's power or ability or deed or case: so in the saying, حُسَيْنَاهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا [His utmost, or best, &c., is, or will be, the doing such a thing]: and ↓ حُسَيْنَاؤُهُ means the same. (K, * TA.) حُسَيْنَآءُ: see what next precedes.

A2: Also A kind of tree, with small leaves. (K.) حُسَّانٌ; and its fem., with ة: see حَسَنٌ, in three places.

حَاسِنٌ: see حَسَنٌ. b2: [Hence,] الحَاسِنُ The moon. (AA, S.) أَحْسَنُ, fem. حَسْنَآءُ, pl. أَحَاسِنُ: see حَسَنٌ. b2: الأَحْسَنُ denotes the comparative and superlative degrees [of حُسْنٌ]; as in the phrase هُوَ الأَحْسَنُ [He, or it, is the better, and best; or the more, and most, goodly or beautiful or comely &c.]: (K:) ↓ الحُسْنَى is the fem.; as in the phrase الأَسْمَآءُ الحُسْنَى The best names; those of God; which are ninety and nine: (Jel in vii. 179:) it signifies the contr. of السُّوْءَى: (S, K:) the pl. of الأَحْسَنُ is الأَحَاسِنُ. (K.) In the saying, in the Kur [vi. 153 and xvii. 36], وَ لَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ اليَتِيمِ

إِلَّا بِالَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ [And approach ye not the property of the orphan, to make use of it,] except by that act which is best to be done with it, the meaning is, such an act as the taking care of it, and increasing it: (Bd:) or, as some say, the meaning is, the taking, of his property, what will [suffice to] conceal those parts of one's person that should not be exposed, and stay one's hunger. (TA.) [The fem.] ↓ الحُسْنَى is applied to accidents only: not to substances. (Er-Rághib, TA.) It means also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, That which is better, and that which is best. And hence,] The good final or ultimate state or condition [appointed for the faithful]: (K:) so, it is said, in the Kur xli. 50. (TA.) And The view, or vision, of God; (K;) accord. to some: but it is said that in the Kur x. 27, it means Paradise; and زِيَادَةٌ, which there follows it, means the view, or vision, of the face of God. (TA.) And Victory: and martyrdom: (Th, K:) whence, [in the Kur ix. 52,] إِحْدَى

الحُسْنَيَيْنِ [one of the two best things]; (K;) victory or martyrdom. (Ksh, Bd, Jel.) and The saying لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ. (Jel in xcii. 6 and 9.) The pl. of ↓ الحُسْنَى is الحُسْنَيَاتُ and ↓ الحُسَنُ, (K, [the latter like رُجَعٌ pl. of رُجْعَى, but misunderstood by Freytag as syn. with المَحَاسِنُ, which next follows it in the K,]) neither of which is used without the article ال. (TA.) مَا أُحَيْسِنَهُ: see 4, last sentence but one.

تَحْسِينٌ a subst. of the measure تَفْعِيلٌ; (K;) or rather an inf. n. used as a subst.; (TA;) pl. تَحَاسِينُ: whence كِتَابُ التَّحَاسِينِ (K) [Caligraphy; or] deliberate, orderly, and regular writing; (TK;) [or close and compact writing, without spaces, or gaps, and without elongation of the letters;] contr. of المَشْقُ. (K. [See كِتَابُ مَشْقٍ.]) مَحْسَنٌ: see حُسْنٌ, and مَحَاسِنُ.

مُحْسَنٌ: see حُسْنٌ.

مُحْسِنٌ Doing, or who does, that which is حَسَن [meaning good, comely, or pleasing]; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مِحْسَانٌ: (K:) or the latter [is an intensive epithet, meaning doing, or who does, much that is good, comely, or pleasing: or] means constantly doing that which is حَسَن. (TA.) b2: إِنَّا نَرَاكَ مِنَ المُحْسِنِينَ, in the Kur xii. 36, means (tropical:) Verily we see thee to be of those who know, or know well, the interpretation of dreams: (Ksh, Bd, TA: *) or (assumed tropical:) of those endowed with knowledge: or of the doers of good to the prisoners: (Ksh, Bd:) or of those who aid the weak and the sufferer of wrong, and visit the sick. (TA.) مَحْسَنَةٌ [A cause of good: pl., app., ↓ مَحَاسِنُ; like as مَسَاوٍ, originally مَسَاوِئُ, is said to be pl. of مَسَآءَةٌ, originally مَسْوَأَةٌ]. You say, هٰذَا الطَّعَامُ مَحْسَنَةٌ لِلْجِسْمِ [This food is a cause of good, i. e. beneficial, to the body]. (S.) مُحَسَّنٌ: see حَسَنٌ.

مِحْسَانٌ: see مُحْسِنٌ.

مَحَاسِنُ The beautiful places [or parts] of the body: (K:) accord. to some, (TA,) the sing. is ↓ مَحْسَنٌ: or it has no sing.: (K:) the former opinion is disapproved by ISd.: the latter is the opinion of the grammarians and of the generality of the lexicologists: and therefore, says Sb, the rel. n. is ↓ مَحَاسِنِىٌّ; for if مَحَاسِنُ had a sing., it would be restored to the sing. in forming the rel. n. (TA.) You say, فُلَانَةُ كَثِيرَةُ المَحَاسِنِ Such a woman has many beautiful places [or parts] of the body. (TA.) And مَحَاسِنُ الوَجْهِ وَ مَسَاوِيهِ [The beauties of the face, and its defects]: (K in art. لمح:) [for] مَحَاسِنُ signifies the contr. of مَسَاوٍ. (S.) b2: [As contr. of مَسَاوٍ, it signifies also Good qualities of any kind: and also good actions; like حَسَنَاتٌ: agreeably with an explanation in the KL, نيكوئيها.] b3: See also حُسْنٌ: b4: and مَحْسَنَةٌ.

مَحَاسِنِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.

حسن: حَسُنَ: تحسن وتدرج وتقدم إلى العافية والكمال (ألكالا).
ويَحسُن به ذلك: يجمل به ذلك، يليق به.
ويحسن به ان: يجمل به ويليق به (دي يونج).
ويحسن: يستطيع، فيقال: ما أحسن أمشي أي لا أستطيع أن امشي (بوشر).
ويستعمل الفعل أحسن في الفصحى بهذا المعنى.
حسَّن النبيذ: جَوَدَّه مع الأيام (معجم مسلم).
وحسّن: بمعنى قبل واستحسن (لين في مادة استحسن، معجم البلاذري) وفي معجم بوشر المصدر استحسان بمعنى الموافقة والإقرار والرضا والتهليل.
ويقال: حسن له وعليه. ففي كتاب محمد بن الحارث (ص238) قلت لي: ((إن العزوبة تؤذيني في صحتي ولذلك سأشتري أمة شابة)) فحسَّنت ذلك لك.
ولدى ابن بدرون (182) فإن الله يحسِّن عليك ذِكْرَك، فذكراها أمري (وقد قلت وقد أخطأت في ذلك إنه الفعل يُحسِن مضارع أحسن).
وحَسَّن: حلق، زين (دومب ص120) وهو يذكر مُحَسِّن اسم الفاعل بمعنى محلوق، مزيَّن غير أن الصواب أن يذكر مُحسَّن اسم المفعول.
وحسَّن: أصلح، أصبح أحسن (بوشر).
أحسن: أقتدر استطاع، أتقن (لين) وهي مثل ( Savoir) بالفرنسية تعني القدرة والاستطاعة والمهارة في عمل شيء. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص276) لا أحْسِن الرقا أي لا أعرف السحر: وفي كوسج (مختار ص56): أتحسِن مثل هذا. فقلت أُحْسن خيراً منه أي أتجيد صنع مثل هذا فقلت أجيد صنع خير منه (معجم مسلم).
أحسن أمل فلان: حقق أمَل فلان (تاريخ البربر 1: 530) تحسَّن: ازداد، توافر، تكثر (مملوك 2، 2: 134).
وتحسّن به: تباهى به: وتمدح به (الكامل ص118).
وتحسَّنت المرأة: تكلفت الحسن تصنعاً (محيط المحيط).
استحسن. استحسنه وجده حسناً. (بوشر) وفيه: استحسن شيئاً وكذلك استحسن عنده شيء.
واستحسن معنى الكلام: استملحه وجده حسنا مليحا (بوشر). حُسن. حُسن ساعة: نبات له زهر أصفر وأحمر. سمي بذلك لأنه يتفتح قبل غروب الشمس بساعة ويذبل بعد طلوعها (محيط المحيط) وربما كان ما يسمى نوار الليل.
حُسْن يوسف: هناء، خضاب (بوشر).
حَسَن. قبل قبولاً حسناً: استحسنه، استحبه، رضي به، تقبله (بوشر).
والحسَن (من الحديث) المحتمل وهو حديث فيه شيء من النقص يمكن إصلاحه بالرجوع إلى روايات أخرى (دي سلان، المقدمة 2: 484).
حسناً: بلطف، بلطافة، بلذة، بسرور، (بوشر).
اقرض حسنا (تاريخ البربر 2: 289): مختصر الآية: اقرض الله قرضاً حسناً. أي أقرض الله قرضا كريما.
حَسَنَة: صدقة. ويقال: حسنه لله (بوشر).
قرض حسنة: قرض من غير ربا (بوشر).
وحسنة: تستعمل بالمعنى المجازي استعمال ( Ornement) بالفرنسية تقريبا، فيقال مثلا في الكلام عن أمير: هو حسنة الأيام أي زينتها (المقري 2: 699) كما يقال: جمال الأيام (المقري 2: 700) وهو من حسنات بني مروان أي من زينة بني مروان (المقري 2: 399).
حَسَنِيِّ: قطعة من النقود الذهبية، وتسمى بالأسبانية ( Dobla hacen) ( ألكالا) ولا ريب أن هذه النقود قد سميت بذلك نسبة إلى الأمير الذي أمر بضربها. حَسَنِيَّة: ضرب من التمر (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 5: 212).
حُسَيْن: ويجمع على حسينات اسم الوتر الثاني من أوتار العود (المزهر، البربط) السبعة (انظر ألكالا في مادة Cuerda) .
وهو أيضاً الوتر الأول من الأرغول (ألكالا).
الحسين: لحن موسيقي (سلفادور ص33).
ويسمى أيضا: الحُسْين صبا (ص54) وعند هوست (ص258) حَسِين صافي وهذا الأخير يسمى أيضا: حَسِين عَجَم، (هوست ص258).
حُسَيْنِيِّ: الصوت (اللحن) السادس في الموسيقى (صفة مصر 14: 16) وفي محيط المحيط: لحن من ألحان الموسيقى متفرع من الدوكاه على الأصح لا أصل برأسه. وحسيني: ضرب من الطير (ياقوت 1: 885).
أَحْسَنُ (اسم تفضيل): افضل، خير، يقال: يعرفه أحسن منك، أي يعرفه خير منك، يقال: المريض كل يوم يصير أحسن أي أن المريض تتحسن حالته يوما بعد يوم.
وأحسن وأحسن: أفضل كثيراً (بوشر).
إحسان: هدية، هبة، منحة (ألف ليلة 2: 49) تحسين: تبرج، تزين (هلو).
تَحَاسُن: في معجم فوك بمعنى خطر التأني، غير أن هذا خطأ انظر مادة تحسين في معجم لين ومؤلف معجم فوك يريد بها تحاسين جمع تحسين.
مُحْسِنة: مغنية (معجم مسلم) محَاسِن: خطوط جميلة في الكتاب (بوشر) ومَحاسِن: أشياء جميلة ولذيذة (معجم الادريسي).
ومحاسن: بناية جميلة (المقري 2: 714).