نكر

1 نَكِرَهُ: see 4, in several places.

A2: نَكُرَ, inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, [He was, or became, ignorant: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكَارَةٌ, below. b2: And, contr., He possessed cunning; meaning both intelligence with craft and forecast; and simply intelligence, or skill and knowledge: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكْرٌ. b3: ] It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, مُنْكَر [app. here meaning disapproved; or bad, evil, abominable, or foul; or disallowed]. (A.) b4: Also, (S, K,) inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, (TK,) or نُكْرَةٌ, (TA,) It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, difficult, hard, arduous, or severe. (S, K. *) 2 نكّرهُ, (inf. n. تَنْكِيرٌ, Msb,) He changed, or altered, him or it, (S, A, Msb, TA,) to an unknown state, (S, TA,) so as not to be known; (TA;) [he disguised him or it.] It is said in the Kur, [xxvii. 41,] نَكِّرُوا لَهَا عَرْشَهَا Alter ye her throne so that it may not be known to her. (TA.) See also 4, last signification but one. b2: [In grammar, He made it (a noun) indeterminate.]3 ناكرهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. مُنَاكَرَةٌ, (A, K,) He strove, or endeavoured, to outwit, deceive, beguile, or circumvent, him; or he practised with him mutual deceit, guile, or circumvention; syn. خَادَعَهُ and دَاهَاهُ: the inf. n. is also explained by مُرَاوَغَةٌ as well as مُخَادَعَةٌ [both of which signify the same]. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) He contended with him in fight; (S, K;) and in war, or hostility. (A, K.) It is said of Mohammad, by Aboo-Sufyán (S, TA) Ibn-Harb, (TA,) لَمْ يُنَاكِرْ أَحَدًا إِلَّا كَانَتْ مَعَهُ الأَهْوَالُ, (S, TA,) meaning, He did not war with any one without being aided by terror [cast into the hearts of his opponents]. (TA.) And one says, بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَاكَرَةٌ Between them two is war, or hostility, (A, TA, *) and fighting. (TA.) 4 انكرهُ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِنْكَارٌ; (Msb, &c.;) and ↓ نَكِرَهُ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (L,) or it does not admit the variations of tense like other verbs, (IKtt, Msb,) it is not used in the future tense, nor in commanding nor in forbidding, (Lth,) inf. n. نَكَرٌ (K) and نُكْرٌ and نُكُورٌ (S, K) and نَكِيرٌ; (K;) and ↓ استنكرهُ; (S, M, A, K;) and ↓ تناكرهُ; (M, K;) signify the same; (S, A, Msb, K, &c.;) i. e., He ignored, was ignorant of, did not know, failed to know, or [rather] was unacquainted with, it (i. e. a thing, or an affair, IKtt, K) or him (a man, S); syn. جَهِلَهُ; (Kr, K;) or contr. of عَرَفَهُ: (S, * IKtt, Msb:) [see also نَكَارَةٌ:] some, however, say, the نَكِرَ has a more intensive signification than أَنْكَرَ: and some, that نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the mind; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the sight: (A, TA:) or [the converse is the case;] نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the sight; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the mind: (Kull, p. 81:) [but both forms seem to have been generally used indiscriminately.] ElAashà says, وَأَنْكَرَتْنِى وَمَا كَانَ الَّذِى نَكِرَتْ مِنَ الحَوَادِثِ إِلَّا الشَّيْبَ وَالصَّلَعَا [And she did not know me; and the accidents which she did not know were none others than hoariness, and baldness of the fore part of the head]. (S, TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [xi. 73,] وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةٌ ↓ نَكِرَهُمْ [He knew not what they were, and conceived a fear, or a kind of fear, of them]: (TA:) نَكِرَهُمْ here signifies أَنْكَرَهُمْ: (Jel:) or it means أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [q. v. infra]. (Bd.) b2: أَنْكَرَهُ also signifies He denied, or disacknowledged, it; (L, art. جحد; [and this signification, as well as the first, may be meant to be indicated by those who say that أَنْكَرَهُ signifies the contr. of عَرفَهُ;]) [and so ↓ نَكِرَهُ; for] إِنْكَارٌ signifies i. q. جُحُودٌ, (S, TA,) and so نُكْرَانٌ [which is an inf. n. of نَكِرَهُ]. (TA.) [In this sense it is doubly trans.:] you say, أَنْكَرْتُهُ حَقَّهُ, meaning, I denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right. (Msb.) The cause of إِنْكَار with the tongue is إِنْكَار with the mind, but sometimes the tongue denies, or disacknowledges, (يُنْكِرُ,) a thing when the image thereof is present in the mind; and this is lying; as is the case in the following passage of the Kur, [xvi. 85,] يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ يُنْكِرُونَهَا [They confess, or acknowledge, the favour of God; then they deny, or disacknowledge, it]. (B.) See also نَكِيرٌ.

A2: Also, He deemed it strange, extraordinary, or improbable. (MF, voce عَجَبٌ.] b2: [Also He denied, or negatived, it. b3: He disbelieved it. b4: and He disapproved it; he disliked it; he deemed it, or declared it to be, bad, evil, abominable, or foul; he disallowed it: so accord. to explanations of the pass. part. n., q. v. infra; and accord. to common usage of classical and of modern times.] It is said of Abraham, when the angels came to him, and he saw that their hands did not touch the meat which be had brought to them, نَكِرَهُمْ, meaning, أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [He deemed that conduct of their's evil, or disapproved it: or, perhaps, he did not know what that conduct of their's was, or what it indicated]: ↓ نَكِرَ and أَنْكَرَ and ↓ استنكر [of which last see an ex. voce تَهِمَ] signify the same. (Bd, xi. 73.) And you say, أَنْكَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, meaning, I blamed, or found fault with, his deed, and forbade it; I disapproved and disallowed his deed. (Msb:) [and I manifested, or showed, or declared, disapproval, or disallowance, of his deed: and in like manner, أَنْكَرْتُ عَليْهِ, elliptically; فِعْلَهُ, (his deed,) or قَوْلَهُ, (his saying;) or the like, being understood; like عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ for عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ or the like: see نَكِيرٌ.] b5: إِنْكَارٌ also signifies The changing [a thing; like تَنْكِيرٌ]: (T, Msb, TA:) or the changing what isمُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved: see نَكِيرٌ, which is syn. with it, but is a simple subst.]. (S, TA.) b6: مَا أَنْكَرَهُ How great it his cunning! meaning both his intelligence, and craft, and forecast; and simply, his intelligence, or skill and knowledge. (TA.) And مَا كَانَ أَنْكَرَهُ How great was his cunning, &c. (TA.) 5 تنكّر He, or it, changed, or altered, himself, or itself; or became changed, or altered; (S, A, Msb, TA;) to an unknown state: (S, TA:) [he assumed an unknown appearance: he disguised himself; or became disguised:] he became changed or altered in countenance by anger so that he who saw him did not know him: (Har, p. 144:) or تَنَكُّرٌ signifies the changing, or altering oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which pleases one to a state which one dislikes. (T, K.) b2: إِيَّاكَ وَالتَّنَكُّرَ Avoid thou evil disposition. (Mgh.) b3: تَنَكَّرَ لِى

فُلاَنٌ Such a one [became changed, or altered, in countenance to me by anger so that I did not know him; or] met me in a morose manner (A, TA.) [In art. شنف in the K, تَنَكَّرَهُ occurs.]6 تناكرهُ: see 4, first signification. b2: تناكر He feigned ignorance. (S, A, K.) b3: تناكروا They acted with mutual hostility. (TS, A, K.) 10 اشتنكرهُ: see 4, first signification, and also in the latter part. b2: اِسْتِنْكَارٌ also signifies The inquiring respecting, or seeking to understand, a thing, or an affair, which one disapproves; (K, TA;) when one disapproves confirming, or establishing, the opinion expressed by an inquirer, or disapproves that his opinion should be contrary to what he has expressed. (TA.) نَكْرٌ: see نُكْرٌ.

A2: See also نَكِرٌ.

نُكْرٌ (S, K) and ↓ نَكْرٌ [but the former is the more common] and ↓ نَكَارَةٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ (A, K) Cunning; meaning both intelligence mixed with croft and forecast; and [simply] intelligence, or sagacity, or skill and knowledge; syn. دَهَآءٌ; (S, A, K;) and فِطْنَةٌ. (A, K.) See also نَكُرَ.

You say of a man who is intelligent and evil, or cunning, مَا أَشَدَّ نُكْرَهُ, and ↓ نَكْرَهُ [How great is his cunning, &c.!] (S.) And فَعَلَهُ مِنْ نُكْرِهِ, and ↓ نَكَارَتِهِ, He did it of his cunning, &c. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, إِنِّى لَأَكْرَهُ النَّكَارَةَ فِى الرَّجُلِ Verily I hate cunning (الدَّهَآءَ) in the man. (TA.) A2: نُكْرٌ, as an epithet, applied to a thing, or an affair, Difficult, hard, arduous, or severe; as also ↓ نُكُرٌ (M, A, K) and ↓ نَكِيرٌ: (TA:) and i. q. مُنْكَرٌ, q. v. (S, A, K.) نَكَرٌ [app. Difficulty, hardness, arduousness, or severity;] a subst. from نَكُرَ, in the sense of صَعُبَ [It was difficult, &c.]. (IKtt, TA.) نَكُرٌ: see نَكِرٌ, in two places.

نَكِرٌ and ↓ نَكُرٌ (S, K) and ↓ نُكُرٌ and ↓ مُنْكَرٌ, (K,) epithets applied to a man, Possessing cunning; or intelligence mixed with cunning and forecast; (S, K;) and [simply] intelligent, or skilful and knowing: (K:) and so, applied to a woman, ↓ نُكُرٌ (K) and ↓ نَكْرٌ (L, TA [but this is probably a mistake for ↓ نُكُرٌ]) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ, but أَنْكَرُ is not applied to a man in this sense, (Az, TA,) nor is مُنْكَرَةٌ to a woman: (TA:) pl. of the first and second (S, K,) and third, (K,) أَنْكَارٌ: (S, K:) and of the last, مَنَاكِيرُ: (Sb, S, K:) or, applied to men, مُنْكَرُونَ; and to other things, مَنَاكِيرُ [which is irreg.]. (Az, TA.) b2: Also, نَكِرٌ and ↓ نَكُرٌ One who disapproves what is bad, evil, abominable, or foul; expl. by أَلَّذِى يُنْكِرُ الْمُنْكَرَ: pl. as above. (S.) نُكُرٌ: see نُكْرٌ, and مُنْكَرٌ.

A2: See also نَكِرٌ, in two places.

نَكَرَةٌ a subst. from إِنْكَارٌ, (K,) with which it is syn., [app. signifying (like نَكِرَةٌ) Ignorance: or denial: or disapproval, or the like]. (TK,) like نَفَقَةٌ from إِنْفَاقٌ. (K.) It is said, in a certain trad, كُنْتَ لِى أَشَدَّ نَكَرَةً, (TA,) i. e. إِنْكَارًا, (TK,) [Thou wast to me most ignorant. &c.]

نَكِرَةٌ Ignorance, &c., (إِنْكَار,) of a thing; (TA;) contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ; (S, K;) and so ↓ نَكَارَةٌ; syn. جَهَالَةٌ; as in the phrase فِيهِ نَكَارَةٌ [In him is ignorance]. (A.) See also نَكَرَةٌ. b2: [As contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ, it is also, in grammar, an epithet applied to a noun, signifying Indeterminate, or indefinite.]

نَكْرَآءُ: see مُنْكَرٌ. b2: A calamity: (K:) rigour, or severity, of fortune; (A, TA;) as also [its dim.] نُكَيْرَآء. (TA.) A2: See also نُكْرٌ.

A3: and see نَكِرٌ.

نَكِيرٌ i. q. إِنْكَارٌ [in the sense of Denial]. (K.) It is said in the Kur, xlii. 46. فَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ نَكِيرٍ

And there shall be for you no [power of] denial of your sins. (Bd, Jel.) And one says, شُتِمَ فُلَانٌ فَمَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ نَكِيرٌ [Such a one was reviled and he had no denial to make]. (A.) b2: [Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of Disapproval, or the like: and manifestation thereof. See what here follows.]

b3: Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of The changing [a thing]: (T, Msb, TA:) or the changing what is مُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved]: (S, TA:) a simple subst. (T, TA.) The words of the Kur, [xxii. 43 and lxvii. 18,] فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ are explained as signifying And how was my changing [of their condition]! (TA:) or the meaning is, and how was my manifestation of disapproval of their conduct, (إِنْكَارِى عَلَيْهِمْ,) by changing favour into trial, and life into destruction, and a flourishing condition into a state of ruin! (Bd, xxii. 43.) In [some of] the copies of the K, it is said that نَكِيرَةٌ [but in a MS. copy I find نَكِيرٌ and so in the CK] is a subst. from تَنَكُّرٌ as signifying the changing, or altering, oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which please one to a state which one dislikes: but a different statement is found in the T: [see above.] and نكيرة is not mentioned by any authority. (TA.) A2: A strong fortress. (Sgh, K.) See نُكْرٌ.

A3: See also مُنْكَرٌ.

نَكَارَةٌ: see نَكِرَةٌ.

A2: See also نُكْرٌ.

أَنْكَرُ Worse, and worst; more, and most, evil, abominable, or foul. So it is explained as occurring in the Kur. [xxxi. 18,] إِنّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الحَمِيرِ [Verily the most abominable of voices is the voice of asses]. (TA.) b2: See also نَكِرٌ: and the fem., نَكْرَآءُ, see above.

مُنْكَرٌ contr. of مَعْرُوفٌ: (K:) [an explanation including several significations, here following.]

b2: [Ignored, or unknown; as also ↓ مَنْكُورٌ, for مَنْكُورٌ is syn. with مَجْهُولٌ [the pass. part. n. of the verb by which أَنْكَرَهُ is explained by Kr and in the K]; (TA;) and ↓ مُسْتَنْكَرٌ signifies the same. (L.) For the pls. of مُنْكَرٌ, see نَكِرٌ. b3: [Denied, or disacknowledged. (See the verb.) b4: Deemed strange, extraordinary, or improbable, (See again the verb.)] b5: Any action disapproved, or disallowed, by sound intellects; or deemed, or declared, thereby, to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, foul, unseemly, ugly, or hideous; or pronounced to be so by the law because the mind deliberates respecting the regarding it as such: and thus it is used in the Kur, ix. 113 [and other places]: (B, TA:) or anything pronounced to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, or foul, and forbidden, and disapproved, disliked, or hated, by the law: (TA:) a saying, or an action, unapproved, not approved, unaccepted, or not accepted, by God: (KT:) unbecoming, indecent, or indecorous. (KL.) See مَعْرُوفٌ, voce عُرْفٌ. مُنْكَرٌ and ↓ نُكْرٌ and ↓ نُكُرٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ (S, Msb K) are all syn., (S, A, Msb, K,) [and are used as epithets in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] signifying a bad, an evil, a hateful, an abominable, a foul, an unseemly, an ugly, or a hideous, [and a formidable,] thing or affair [or action or saying or quality, &c.]: (Msb:) [in this sense, its pl. is مُنْكَرَاتٌ and مَنَاكِيرُ; as will be seen below:] ↓ نُكْرٌ is contr. of عُرْفٌ [which is syn. with مَعْرُوفٌ]. (TA.) You say فِيهِمُ الْمَعْرُوفُ وَالْمُنْكَرُ, and العُرْفُ والنُّكْرُ, [In them are good and evil qualities.] And هُمْ يَرْكَبُونَ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ, and المَنَاكِيرَ, [They commit bad, evil, abominable, or foul, actions.] (A.) And it is said in the Kur, [xviii. 73,] لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُكْرًا [Verily thou hast done a bad, an evil, an abominable, or a foul, thing]. (S.) A2: The name of one of two angels, the other of whom is named نَكِيرٌ; (S;) who are the two triers of [the dead in] the graves. (ISd, K.) A3: See also نَكِرٌ.

مَنْكُورٌ: see مُنْكَرٌ, first signification. The pl. is مَنَاكِيرُ, [which is also a pl. of مُنْكَرٌ,] accord. to Sb, who mentions it because, accord. to rule, the pl. of a sing. of this class is formed by the addition of و and ن for the masc., and ا and ت for the fem. (Abu-l-Hasan, TA.) خَرَجَ مُتَنَكِّرًّا He went forth disguised; or changed in outward appearance, or state of apparel. (TA.) مُسْتَنْكَرٌ: see مُنْكَرٌ, first signification.

طَرِيقٌ يَنْكُورٌ A road, or way, in a wrong direction. (S, K.)

نكر: وليس نَكِر وإنما نكر التي وردت عند (فوك) و (الكالا).
نكر: أنكر، جحد، أبى، (فوك، بوشر): nier.
نكر: نفي، رفض، أنكر: nier un fait ( بوشر).
نكر أهله: تجاهلهم، تخلى عنهم، تنصل عن أقاربه (بوشر).
نكر: تنصل عما قاله لنا أو فعله الآخر بنا (بوشر).
نكر: عدل عن كلامه، خطأ نفسه، استدرك قوله (الكالا). ينكر النعمة: يكفر بها، أي الكنود (فوك)، نكر الجميل: جاحد (بوشر). وفي محيط المحيط): (والمولدون يقولون ملحه على ذيله أي ناكر الجميل). وهناك ايضا نكر المعروف، أي كفر بالنعمة Payer d'ingratitude ( بوشر).
نكر الحكم: دفع بعدم اختصاص محكمة (بوشر).
نكر: دافع عن نفسه، نفي التهمة عن نفسه، نبرأ (بوشر).
نكر عليه: استهجن، تعاذل desapprouver ( دي سلان، المقدمة 1: 87): لم يكن ذلك من شأن من رافقته من القضاة فنكروه علي. أما في طبعة بولاق، فقد حلت منى محل على (البربرية 1: 416 و2: 435، ألف ليلة 1: 88): وأنا أطلقك تروح ولا أنكر عليك.
نكر: من الغريب أن (فوك) قد ذكر ينكر على بالفتح.
نكر: ستر، دلس (بوشر).
ناكر: رفض (فوك).
ناكره: كذبه، نفى صحة ما قاله (البكري 186: 7): قالت هل لي من ضيف، قال نعم هو ذاك في البيت الكذا، فناكرته فقام إليه فاستخرجه.
ناكره: استهجنه (البربرية 1: 59).
أنكره: لم يتحقق منه (بدرون 88: 5). وهناك أيضا أنكر على عادتها فلما شمتني نفرت عني وأنكرت علي.
أنكره: تبرا من أبيه (على سبيل المثال) (ابن بطوطة 3: 47).
أنكر عليه: أعلن بأنه لم يوجه لفلان بأن يفعل الشيء الفلاني (بوشر).
أنكر أن شك، ارتاب في .. que revoquer en doute ( ابن بطوطة 3: 359): فأنكر الأمير أن يعطي التجار مثل ذاك السرج.
أنكر أمره: (ابن بطوطة 3: 207) في قوله: أنكر الناس أمره.
أنكر على .. منكر: محترز، محاذر mefiant ( هلو).
أنكر: نقد لام، استهجن، أنكر عليه (محيط المحيط، بوشر -وعنه أنكر الشيء على أحد): استهجن، رفض، نبذ مذهبا (دي إنكار ولا نكير: للتعبير عن: دون أن يجد أحد أصغر عيب أو مطعن في .. (دي ساسي كرست 1: 224: 15).
أنكر: بمعنى رفض وكذلك أنكر من (بدرون 285: 4): وما أنكرت من أن يكون الأمر على ما بلغك.
أنكر نفسه: جعل (خادمته) تنكر وجوده في بيته بناء على طلبه حين يكون فيه (ألف ليلة 1: 289: 3 و2: 216).
تنكر: تخفى. تنكر بزي النسوان (بوشر، معجم بدرون، معجم الطرائف).
تنكر: قلق، احتار s'inquieter ( شكوري 187): أراد الطبيب أن يلجأ إلى الفصد فتنكر العليل لذلك وخاف منها.
تنكر: شكا من (دي ساسي كرست: 1: 6): قدم كتاب تيمورلنك يتضمن الإرعاد والإبراق وتنكر قتل رسله.
تنكر: من ول وعلى: انزعجن نكدر (معجم الطرائف، مملوك 1: 1: 210).
تنكر عليه: أغاظه، أحزنه (مملوك 1: 1: 214): تنكر على الملك الظاهر حاله.
تنكر: انظرها في (فوك) في مادة apelativum. تناكر: استهجن (معجم الماوردي).
استنكر: وردت عند (فوك) في مادة negare.
استنكر: جحد، خالف، رفض، لم يتفق مع .. (بوشر).
استنكر: استهجن، استقبح (معجم الطرائف، معجم مسلم، أخبار 142: 7).
استنكر: استغرب، وجد الشيء مخالفا للمألوف (معجم الطرائف).
استنكر: استخفف (معجم الطرائف، فوك).
نكر: انكماش، انقباض، تقصر (اصطلاح طبي) وعند (الكالا) retraction desnegamiento.
نكر: في (البربرية 1: 545: 5): ولما تنقد العرب الاعياص دلهم على نكرته بعض أهل عرفانه، أي الغموض الذي يحيط بميلاده.
نكران: نفى (بوشر، باين سميث 1800) وعند (الكالا): انقباض.
نكران المعروف: نكران الجميل، عقوق (بوشر).
نكير: غير معروف (دي ساسي، دبلوماسية 9: 403: 7): وجلالة خطره وخطر سلفه ليست بنكيرة.
نكير: ملوم، مستحق اللوم blamable ( الماوردي 405: 5).
نكير: جاحد، لا يقر بالجميل (دي ساسي كرست 2: 37):
صرف الزمان وحادث المقدور ... تركا نكير الخطب غير نكير
أي أن الدواهي الدهماء التي بدأت، هذه الأيام، تحدثها صروف الزمن وتصاريف الأقدار جعلت النوازل شيئا يكاد أن لا يذكر أمامها. (ألف ليلة 1: 899): لا ترى بعد هذه الليلة من نكير.
نكير: ابن محروم من الإرث وأبوه ما زال حيا (الكالا).
نكارية: إنكار، نفي (بوشر).
نكار: ملحد، من الخوارج Kharidjite ( البربرية 1: 129): النكارة إحدى طوائف الخوارج (البربرية 1: 644: 3). وهناك أيضا النكارية (معجم الجغرافية).
ناكر والجمع نكار: ملحد، خارجي (معجم الادريسي، البربرية 2: 17: 13).
ناكر: رافض، مرتد، كافر (بوشر). إنكار: نفي (بوشر).
إنكاري: نفي (بوشر).
إنكاري: رفضي (بوشر).
منكر: قوة لم يسمع بها، قوي جدا (للهجوم) (النويري أسبانيا 483): فحملت الفرنج عليهم حملة منكرة.
منكر: مفسد (الادريسي 139: 4): هواؤها وبئ غير موافق منكر لمن دخلها من الطارئين.
منكر: حديث مستندة ضعيف ولا يتفق مع حديث آخر مسنده ضعيف أيضا (دي سلان، المقدمة 2: 483).
منكر: سخيف (فوك).
منكر: بمعنى أن يكون الفعل مما يعرض صاحبه للمؤاخذة واللوم، أو أن يكون محرما ... الخ ولا يجمع على منكرات فحسب، بل على مناكر أيضا (دي ساسي كرست 2: 80، عبد الواحد 128: 6)؛ لذلك ينبغي تعديل منكرات التي وردت عند (فريتاج) وجعلها منكرات.
منكور: سخيف (فوك).

فلك: فلك (بالتشديد): مأخوذ من الفلك، والعامة تقول: فلك فلان وتفلك: أخبر بالغيب (محيط المحيط).
تفلك: استدار فصار كالفلكة وهي القطعة المستديرة من الخشب. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص20) ومد إلى الفلك بصره وتفكر في تفلك الفلك وحركات الكواكب.
تفلك، مأخوذ من الفلك، أخبر بالغيب عند العامة. (محيط المحيط).
استفلك: استدار فصار كالفلكة. (ديوان امرئ القيس ص24 البيت العاشر، معجم البكري ص314).
استفلك على فلان: ظلمه وجار عليه. (فوك).
فلك: عجلة، دولاب (المعجم اللاتيني العربي) ودولاب العربة (المعجم اللاتيني العربي) وفيه: ( quadriga: رخ ذو أربعة أفلاك). ودولاب وهي آلة تديرها الدابة ليستقي بها (ابن العوام 1: 146).
فلك الساقين والركبتين: داخصة، رضفة، العظم المدور المتحرك في رأس الركبة. (المعجم اللاتيني- العربي).
علم الفلك: علم يبحث فيه عن أحوال الأجرام العلوية. (بوشر، محيط المحيط دوماس قبيل ص63).
علم الأفلاك: علم التنجيم. (المعجم اللاتيني العربي).
الأفلاك: علم الفلك أو علم التنجيم.
أنظرها في مادة أثر.
دائرة فلك البروج: فلك البروج، دائرة البروج. سمت الشمس. (دورن، المقدمة 1: 83) شك فلك: انظرها في مادة شك.
فلكة، والجمع فُلك: دولاب العربة. (المقري 1: 365).
فلكة الركبة: داحضة، رضفة، العظم المدور المتحرك في رأس الركبة. (لين، بوشر، محيط المحيط).
فلكة، والجمع، فلك: فلقة، كسرة (فوك، الكالا).
فلكة: ردف، كفل، عجيزة. (فوك، بوشر).
فلكة: عجز الدجاجة. زمكى. (الكالا).
فلكة: جاءت في معجم المنصوري هذه الكلمة التي لا ادري كيف أفسرها في قوله: فلكة دبوق، في المحكم الدبوق لعبة الصبيان والفلكة الشيء المستدير والمراد به شيء يوضع على الرفادة يستحكم عليها (كذا) الرباط.
فلكي: عالم لعلم الفلك، وهو العلم الذي يبحث فيه عن الأجرام العلوية. (بوشر).
الفلكية أو النجومية: نوع من لعب الشطرنج (فان دن لند، تاريخ الشطرنج 1: 108).
فلوكة والجمع فلائك: قارب المركب، زورق، سفينة صغيرة، مربعة الأشرعة وهي سفينة تجارية أشرعتها من قطعة واحدة مربعة، ضرب من سفن المتوسط. (بوشر).
وحين بنيت هذه الكلمة في معجم الأسبانية (ص264 - 266) رفضت أن تكون لهذه الكلمة أية علاقة بالكلمة القديمة فلك التي يربطونها بها عادة. ولئن كان السيد دفيك (ص118) يقول: (إن علماء الاشتقاق غير مقتنعين بهذا وأنهم مصرون على رأيهم الأول) فيجب على أن أقول إني مصر على رأيي. وكان من العبث أن أشير، كما فعل هذا العالم (ص117)، أن مترجمي التوراة لم يخشوا أن يختاروا كلمة فلك للدلالة على سفينة نوح، لأن كل المستعربين يعلمون أيضا أن هذه الكلمة وردت في القرآن اسما لسفينة نوح. وأصر على القول أيضا أن هذه الكلمة لا علاقة لها بلغة الكلام في القرون الوسطى، إذ لم يستعملها الكتاب لا في هذا المعنى العام للسفينة ولا اسما لنوع خاص من السفن.
والسيد دي غويه يشاركني في هذا الرأي، وكل العالم يعلم أن هذا العالم يعرف الجغرافيين والرحالة العرب أحسن من أي شخص آخر، فهو قد درس دراسة خاصة المؤلفين الذين يعرفون جيدا أسماء السفن، وقد قال لي إنه لم يصادف هذه الكلمة إلا مرتين، على الرغم من شدة تتبعه. الأول في المسعودي (1: 292) الذي عليك أن تقرأ فيه فاحدث بدل فأخذت. ولا شك في أن في هذه الكلمة من تذكرة للقرآن (الكريم) حيث تكررت فيه هذه الكلمة، والمسعودي بعد ذلك بالكلمة المألوفة مراكب. والثانية في عبارة الزمخشري النحوي الذي يقول في أساس البلاغة (مادة قرب): وركبت في القارب إلى الفلك. وفسرها بعد ذلك بأنها الزورق.
بقيت ملاحظتان: الأولى إن فلوكة قد اشتقت من الجمع فلوك وأضيفت إليها الهاء على طريقة العامة في الاشتقاق، غير أن وجود مثل هذه الجمع مشكوك فيه (انظر لين)، فإن كلمة فلك تدل على المفرد وعلى الجمع.
ثانيا: لم ترد في المعجم اللاتيني العرب ومعجم فوك ومعجم الكالا كلمة فلك بمعنى سفينة.

فلك

1 فَلڤكَ see the next paragraph, in two places.2 فلّك, (S, O, K,) inf. n. تَفْكِيكٌ, (S,) said of a girl's breast, It became round, (S, O, K, TA,) like the فَلْكَة [or whirl (of a spindle)], but less than is denoted by نُهُودٌ [inf. n. of نَهَدَ, q. v.]; (TA;) as also ↓ تفلّك, (S, O, K,) and ↓ افلك, (Th, O, K,) and ↓ فَلَكَ. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b2: And فلّكت, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) She became round in the breast; as also ↓ فَلَكَتْ. (K, TA. [For the latter verb, the CK has فَلِكَت.]) A2: See also فَلْكَةٌ, second sentence. b2: التَّفْكِيكُ also signifies The pastor's making, of course hair (هُلْب), a thing like the فَلْكَة (AA, T, S, O, TA) of the spindle, (AA, T, TA,) and inserting it into the tongue of the young unweaned camel, (AA, T, S, O, TA,) having perforated the tongue [for that purpose], (AA, T, TA,) in order that he may not such: (AA, T, S, O, TA:) accord. to Lth, فَلَّكْتُ الجَدْىَ signifies I put a twig around the tongue of the kid in order that it might not suck: but Az says that the right explanation of التفكيك is that of AA [given above]. (TA.) [See also 4 in art. جر, and 4 in art. لهج.]

A3: And فلّك, inf. n. as above, He (a man) persisted, or persevered, (لَجَّ,) in an affair; (K, TA;) and so ↓ افلك. (TA.) A4: and فلّكت She (a bitch) desired copulation, and discharged blood from the womb; syn. اجعلت وحاضت. (O, K.) 4 أَفْلَكَ see 2, first sentence: b2: and فَلْكَةٌ, second sentence: A2: and see also 2, last sentence but one.5 تَفَلَّكَ see 2, first sentence.

فُلْكٌ A ship: (S, O, Msb, K, &c.:) [also particularly applied to the ark of Noah; as in the Kur-án vii. 62, &c.:] the word is generally thus only; but some say ↓ فُلُكٌ also, with two dammehs; and it is held that this may be the original form; and that فُلْكٌ may be a contraction, like as عُنْقٌ is [of غُنُقٌ accord. to Sb]: (MF, TA:) it is masc. and fem., (S, O, K, *) and sing. and pl., (S, O, K,) and Ibn-'Abbád says that it has فُلُوكٌ also for a pl.: (O:) [it is said that] it may be sing., and in this case masc.; and pl., and in this case fem.: (IB, Msb:) [but see what here follows:] it occurs in the Kur-án in the following (and other) places: in xxvi. 119, &c.; where it is sing. and masc.: (S, O, TA:) and in [xvi. 14 and] xxxv. 13; where it is pl. [and fem.]: (TA:) and in ii. 159; where it is fem., and may be either pl. or sing.: it seems that, when it is sing., it is regarded as meaning the مَرْكَب, and is therefore made masc.; or the سَفِينَة, and is therefore made fem.: (S, O, TA:) or, (K,) as Sb used to say, (S, O, TA,) the فُلْك that is a pl. [in meaning] is a broken pl. of that, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. of the فُلْك, (IB, O, K, TA,) that is a sing. [in meaning]: and it is not like الجُنُبُ, which is sing. and pl. [in meaning], and the like thereof (S, O, K, TA) among substs., such as الطِّفْلُ &c.; (S, O, TA;) for فُلْكَانِ has been heard from the Arabs as dual of فُلْكٌ, but not جُنُبَانِ [or the like] as dual of جُنُبٌ [or the like]; and they say that what has not been dualized is not a pl. [form], but [is, or may be,] a homonym, and what has been dualized [is, or may be,] a pl. [form]: (MF, TA:) Sb then says in continuation, (TA,) for فُعْلٌ and فَعَلٌ share in application to one thing [or meaning], as العُرْبُ and العَرَبُ, (S, O, K, TA,) &c.; (S, O, TA;) and as it is allowable for فَعَلٌ to have for its pl. فُعْلٌ, as in the instance of أَسَدٌ and أُسْدٌ, so too فُعْلٌ may have for its pl. فُعْلٌ. (S, O, K, TA.) ↓ فُلْكِىٌّ is a dial. var. of فُلْكٌ; and Abu-d-Dardà read, [in the Kur x. 23,] كُنْتُمْ فِى الْفُلْكِىِّ [When ye are in the ships; where others read فى الفُلْكِ; and where the context shows that the pl. meaning is intended]. (IJ, TA.) A2: [It may also be a pl. of the word next following].

الفَلَكُ The place of the revolving of the stars; (O, K, TA;) [the celestial sphere: but generally imagined by the Arabs to be a material concave hemisphere; so that it may be termed the vault of heaven; or the firmament:] the astronomers say that it is [a term applied to every one, by itself, of] seven أَطْوَاق [by which they mean surrounding spheres], exclusive of the سَمَآء [or sky, as meaning the region of the clouds]; wherein have been set the seven stars [i. e. the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn], in every طَوْق [or surrounding sphere] a star, some being higher than others; revolving therein: (TA:) [it is also commonly imagined that above these is an eighth sphere, called by the astronomers فَلَكُ الثَّوَابِتِ (the sphere of the fixed stars), and by others فَلَكُ الكُرْسِىِّ; and above this, a ninth, called فَلَكُ الأَطْلَسِ and فَلَكُ العَرْشِ, and also called الأَثِيرُ (q. v.):] the pl. is أَفْلَاكٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (S, O, Msb, K, TA) and فُلُكٌ (K, TA) and فُلْكٌ may be another pl., like as أُسْدٌ and خُشُبٌ are pls. of أَسَدٌ and خَشَبٌ (S, O, TA. [Thus accord. to both of my copies of the S, as well as the O and TA: but it may be that أُسْدٌ and خُشْبٌ are mistranscriptions for أُسُدٌ and خُشُبٌ; and therefore that for فُلْكٌ (which is not mentioned as a pl. of فَلَكٌ in the K) we should read فُلُكٌ.]) And فَلَكُ السَّمآءِ signifies The pole of heaven; [generally the north celestial pole;] likened to the pivot, or axis, of the mill-stone. (TA.) b2: Also (i. e. الفَلَكُ) The revolving of the heaven [or celestial sphere]. (TA.) b3: And فَلَكٌ signifies also The circuit, and main part, of any-thing. (K.) b4: And Waves of the sea in a state of commotion, (O, K, TA,) circling, (TA,) and going to and fro. (O, TA.) This, (O, TA,) or what is next mentioned, (TA,) or the place of revolving of the stars, (O,) or the pole of heaven, (TA,) is meant in a trad. where it is said of a horse smitten by the [evil] eye, that he was as though he were turning in a فَلَك. (O, TA.) and Water put in motion by the wind, (O, K, TA,) going to and fro, in a state of commotion: (O, TA:) mentioned by Z. (TA.) b5: Also A hill, or mound, of sand, having around it a wide expanse of land: (IAar, O, K, TA:) or فَلَكٌ مِنَ الرَّمْلِ signifies rugged, round أَجْوِبَة [app. a pl. of جَوْبَة (though I do not find it mentioned as such), and meaning depressed and clear places], of the sands, like [tracts of] what are termed كَذَّان [or soft stones resembling dry pieces of clay], hollowed out by the gazelles. (TA.) b6: And Pieces of land, (S, O, K, TA,) or of sand, (S,) having a circular form, and elevated above what is around them, (S, O, K, TA,) with ruggedness and evenness; (TA;) one whereof is termed ↓ فَلْكَةٌ, (S, O, K, TA,) with the ل quiescent; pl. فِلَاكٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. [this is pl. of فَلْكَةٌ,] like قَصْعَةٌ and قِصَاعٌ: (TA:) in [the book entitled] El-Ghareeb ElMusannaf, [by Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee, we find] ↓ فَلَكَةٌ and فَلَكٌ, [each] بِالتَّحْرِيك; [accord. to which, فَلَكَةٌ is a n. un., and فَلَكٌ is a coll. gen. n.;] but in “ the Book ” of Sb, [agreeably with the K, we find] ↓ فَلْكَةٌ [as a sing.] and فَلَكٌ [as a quasi-pl. n.], like حَلْقَةٌ and حَلَقٌ. (IB, TA.) b7: See also فَلْكَةٌ, in two places.

فَلِكٌ A slave (AA, O) having a buttock like the فَلْكَة [or whirl] of a spindle (AA, O, K) in shape; (AA, O;) resembling the Zenj; (K;) [for] the buttocks of the Zenj are round: (AA, O:) or large in the buttocks. (TA.) And (O, K) it is said to signify (O) Thick, or coarse of make, in the joints: (O, K:) and loose in the bones; (K;) or weak, loose in the bones, and flaccid; thus expl. by Ibn-'Abbád: (O:) and having a pain in his patella (فِى فَلْكَةِ رُكْبَتِهِ). (O, K.) فُلُكٌ: i. q. فُلْكٌ, q. v.

A2: And a pl. of فَلَكٌ. (K, TA.) فَلْكَةٌ The whirl of a spindle: (MA:) [this is what is meant by the saying that] the فَلْكَة of the مِغْزَل is well known; (K;) [and] is thus called because of its roundness: (S, O:) [it is a piece of wood, generally of a hemispherical form, or nearly so, through the middle of which the upper part of the spindle-pin is inserted:] also pronounced ↓ فِلْكَة: (O, K:) the pl. [of the former] is ↓ فَلَكٌ [or rather this is a quasi-pl. n.] and [that of the latter sing. is] فِلَكٌ. (TA.) b2: And A thing that is made round, or hemispherical, (↓ يُفَلَّكُ, or ↓ يُفْلَكُ, accord. to different copies of the K,) like the فَلْكَة of the spindle, of coarse hair (هُلْب), then the tongue of the young unweaned camel is perforated, [and this thing is inserted into it, (see 2, and see also 4 in art. لهج,)] in order that he may be prevented from sucking. (K. [For فتَخْرِقُ لِسانُ الفَصِيلِ in the CK, I read فَيُخْرَقُ لِسَانُ الفَصِيلِ, as in other copies of the K and in the TA: after these words, the copies of the K have فَيُعْضَدُ بِهِ, app a mistranscription for some phrase meaning فَيُجْعَلُ فِيهِ, which is necessary to complete the explanation.]) b3: And An [eminence such as is termed] أَكَمَهٌ [formed] of one mass of stone; (K, TA;) accord. to ISh, [of] the smaller of the [eminences termed] إِكَام, compact in its head, as though this were the فَلْكَة of a spindle, not giving growth to anything, in height of the measure of two spears or a spear and a half. (TA.) b4: See also فلَكٌ, near the end, in two places. b5: Also Anything circular, (K.) b6: And [particularly] The joint [or cartilaginous disk] between the two vertebræ [i. e. between any one of the vertebrœ and that next to it] of the camel: (K, TA:) and the pl. [or rather quasi-pl. n.] thereof, in this sense and in the last two of the sense following, is ↓ فَلَكٌ. (TA.) b7: [and The cap of the knee; (see فَلِكٌ;) فَلْكَةُ الرُّكْبَةِ signifying the patella: so in the present day.] b8: And The small thing (الهَنَةُ [app. the foramen cæcum, from its round form, for, though the TA adds the epithet النَّاشِئَةُ, which means “ rising,” I think that this addition may be conjectural,]) upon the head of the root of the tongue. (K.) b9: And The side of the [portion of the breast called the] زَوْر [q. v.], and the part thereof that is round, or circular. (K. [K. [But see بَلْدَةٌ: where it is said that “ the فَلَك of the زَوْر of a horse are six in number: ” what they are I have been unable to determine: I incline to think that they may be spiral curls, such as are termed دَوَائِر, pl. of دَائِرَةٌ.]) فِلْكَةٌ: see فَلْكَةٌ, first sentence.

فَلَكَةٌ: see فَلَكٌ, near the end.

فُلْكِىٌّ: see فُلْكٌ, last sentence but one.

فَلَكِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the فَلَك as meaning the celestial sphere. b2: And] One who occupies himself [as an astronomer, or astrologer] with the science of the stars. (TA.) فُلَيْكَةٌ [dim. of فُلْكٌ, which is sometimes fem. when used as a sing. as well as when used as a pl.,] A small ship: the vulgar say فلوكة [i. e.

فَلُوكَة; whence the Italian “ feluca ”]. (TA.) فَالِكٌ and ↓ مُفَلِّكٌ A girl whose breast is becoming round, (K, TA,) like the فَلْكَة [or whirl (of a spindle)]. (TA.) [And the former is also applied as an epithet to the breast: for] AA says that [the pl.] فَوَالِكُ is applied to breasts (ثُدِىّ) that are less than such as are termed نَوَاهِدُ. (TA.) فَيْلَكُونٌ The شُوبَق [or baker's rolling-pin: see the latter word]: (O, K, TA: [in the CK, السَّوِيقُ is erroneously put for الشُّوبَقُ:]) Az holds both of these words to be arabicized. (O.) b2: And (TA) The بَرْدِىّ [or papyrus]. (S; and K in art. فلكن.) A2: And Tar, or pitch; syn. قَارٌ, or زِفْتٌ. (K. n art. فلكن.) A3: And قَوْسٌ فَيْلَكُونٌ A great bow. (TA in art. فلكن.) أَفْلَكُ One who goes round about the فَلَك, (IAar, O, K,) i. e. the hill, or mound, of sand that has around it a wide expanse of land. (IAar, O.) الإِفْلِيكَانِ Two portions of flesh which border, on each side, the لَهَاة; (IDrd, O, K;) i. e. they are the غُنْدُبَتَانِ [q. v.]. (IDrd, O.) مُفَلِّكٌ: see فَالِكٌ.

عك

1 عَكَّ, aor. ـِ (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَكٌّ, (K,) It (a day) was, or became, [sultry; i. e.] vehemently hot, (S, O, K,) with moisture, and without wind. (K.) b2: And عَكَّ He (a man) remained, stayed, or abode, and confined himself. (IAar, TA.) A2: عَكَّتْهُ الحُمَّى, (S, O,) [aor., app., عَكُّ,] inf. n. عَكٌّ, (TA,) The fever clave to him, and heated him, or made him vehemently hot, (S, O, TA,) so that it emaciated him, or oppressed him. (TA.) b2: and عُكَّ He (a man) was, or became, fevered. (TA.) b3: And It boiled, or estuated, or fermented, by reason of the heat. (TA.) A3: عَكَّهُ, (S, O,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. عَكٌّ, (O, TA,) He hindered, prevented, impeded, or withheld, him, from the object of his want: (S, O:) or عَكَّهُ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ signifies thus; and he turned him back, or away, therefrom. (K.) b2: And also, i. e. عَكَّهُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَكٌّ, (TA,) He deferred with him, delayed with him, or put him off, in the matter of his due, by promising time after time to render it to him. (S, O, K.) b3: And He asked him to repeat to him [by relating it] twice, or three times, a narration, or story, that he had related to him: (K:) or عَكَكْتُهُ الحَدِيثَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَكٌّ, I asked him to repeat the narration, or story, until he repeated it [by relating it] twice. (Az, S, O.) b4: And عَكَّ الكَلَامَ He interpreted, or explained, the speech, or language. (K.) It is related of IAar that, being asked respecting a thing, he said, سَوْفَ أَعُكُّهُ لَكَ I will interpret it, or explain it, to thee. (TA.) b5: [And app. He rejected the speech, or saying: for] العَكُّ signifies also the rejecting a man's speech, or saying, and not accepting it. (O.) b6: And عَكَّهُ بِالقَوْلِ He repeated to him the speech, or saying, (رَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ,) occasioning annoyance, or molestation. (L, TA.) [This might be rendered agreeably with the next preceding explanation: but] one says, مَا زِلْتُ

أَعُكُّهُ بِالقَوْلِ حَتَّى غَضِبَ I ceased not to reiterate to him (أُرَدِّدُ عَلَيْهِ) the speech, or saying, until he was angry. (El-Jurjánee, TA.) And in like manner, عَكَّنِى بِالأَمْرِ, inf. n. عَكٌّ, He reiterated to me (رَدَّدَ عَلَىَّ) the thing, affair, case, or action, until he fatigued me: (L, TA:) or عَكَّهُ بالامر he repeated to him (رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ) the thing, &c., until he fatigued him. (K.) And عَكَّهُ بِشَرٍّ He repeated, or reiterated, evil, or wrongdoing, to him; syn. كَرَّرَهُ عَلَيْهِ. (Lh, K.) b7: [Hence, perhaps, because the act is generally reiterated,] عَكَّهُ بِالسَّوْطِ He struck him [or flogged him] with the whip. (S, O, K.) b8: And عَكَّهُ بِالحُجَّةِ, (IDrd, O, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَكٌّ, (IDrd, O,) He overcame him by, or with, the argument, or plea. (IDrd, O, K.) b9: And العَكُّ signifies also الدَّقُّ [The breaking, crushing, bruising, &c., of a thing]. (O.) 4 أَعَكَّتْ, said of a she-camel [when she has conceived (see عُكَّةٌ)], (S, K,) or of such as is termed عُشَرَآءُ [q. v.], (TA,) She assumed an altered colour. (S, K, TA.) يَوْمٌ عَكٌّ, and ↓ عَكِيكٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ ذُوعَكِيكٍ, (TA,) [A sultry day; i. e.] a day vehemently hot, (S, O, K,) with moisture, and without wind: (K:) thus يَوْمٌ عَكٌّ أَكٌّ is expl. by Th, among instances of imitative sequents; meaning, perhaps, that أَكٌّ is an imitative sequent, or that it signifies “ vehemently hot: ” (TA:) or a day vehemently hot and dense [in the air]. (El-Jurjánee, TA.) and لَيْلَةٌ عَكَّةٌ [A sultry night; i. e.] a night vehemently hot, &c. (K.) And أَرْضٌ عَكَّةٌ, and ↓ أَرْضُ عَكَّةٍ, A hot [or sultry] land; (S, O, K:) mentioned by Fr. (S, O.) And ↓ حَرٌّ عَكِيكٌ Vehement [or sultry] heat. (TA.) b2: عَكٌّ applied to a man, (S, O,) Tough, strong, (Az, S, O, TA,) and compact. (Az, TA.) A2: ائْتَزَرَ إِزْرَةَ عَكَّ وَكَّ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ إِزْرَةَ عَكَّى, (S,) or عَكَّى وَكَّى, (O, K,) He wore a waist-wrapper so that he made its two ends to hang down and drew together the rest of it [round his waist]. (S, O, K.) عَكَّةٌ (Lth, S, O, K) and ↓ عُكَّةٌ (Lth, S, K) and ↓ عِكَّةٌ and ↓ عَكَكٌ (K) and ↓ عَكِيكٌ and ↓ عِكَاكٌ, (S, O, K,) which last is also a pl., (K,) said to be pl. of عَكَّةٌ, (O,) [Sultriness; i. e.] vehemence of heat (Lth, S, O, K) in summer (Lth) [with moisture (see the first sentence of this art.) and] with stillness of the wind: (K:) it may be with the south or southerly wind (الجَنُوب) and the east or easterly wind (الصَّبَا). (TA.) Hence the saying of the rhyming-proser, إِذَا طَلَعَ السِّمَاكْ ذَهَبَ وَقَلَّ اللِّكَاكْ ↓ العِكَاكْ [When السماك rises aurorally, the sultriness goes, or rather has gone, (see السِّمَاكُ, and another ex. of العِكَاك there cited,) and the pressing, or crowding, at, or to, the water becomes little]. (O.) b2: See also عَكٌّ. b3: And see عُكَّةٌ, in two places.

عُكَّةٌ: see عَكَّةٌ. b2: Also A sand heated by the sun; (T, S, O, K;) and so ↓ عَكَّةٌ: (K:) pl. of the former عِكَاكٌ. (TA.) b3: And The access of a fever, on the occasion of the first tremour, or shivering, thereof; as also ↓ عَكَّةٌ. (K.) b4: and العُكَّةُ, (K,) or عُكَّةُ العِشَارِ, (S, O,) A colour that overspreads she-camels when they have conceived. (S, O, K,) like the كَلَف of the woman. (K.) A2: And The receptacles, (S, K,) or [correctly] one of the receptacles, (O,) for clarified butter, (S, O, K,) smaller than the قِرْبَة; (K;) said by ISk to be like the شَكْوَة, [i. e. it is a skin of a sucking kid, (see شَكْوَةٌ, and وَطْبٌ,)] in which clarified butter is put: (S, O:) or, accord. to IAth, a round receptacle of skins, for clarified butter and honey, but more particularly for clarified butter: (TA:) pl. عَكَكٌ and عِكَاكٌ. (S, O, K.) One says of a woman, سَمِنَتْ حَتَّى صَارَتْ كَالْعُكَّةِ [She became fat so that she was like the skin of clarified butter]. (El-Jurjánee, TA.) عِكَّةٌ: see عَكَّةٌ.

عَكَّى: see عَكٌّ, last sentence.

عُكَّى The سَوِيق [or meal of what has been parched, or perhaps of what has been dried in the sun,] of the مُقْل [or fruit of the Theban palm]. (O, K.) عَكَكٌ: see عَكَّةٌ.

عِكَاكٌ: see عَكَّةٌ, in two places.

عَكِيكٌ: see عَكٌّ, in three places: and also عَكَّةٌ.

عَكَوَّكٌ, inadvertently said by J [and in the O] to be of the measure فَعَلَّعٌ, whereas it is of the measure فَعَوَّلٌ, like عَطَوَّدٌ, (IB, TA,) Fat and short, with toughness: (S, O:) or short, compact and strong, (K, TA,) of middling make: (TA:) or fat: (K, TA:) or tough and strong. (TA.) b2: And A place rugged and hard: (S, O:) or [simply] hard: or soft, or plain. (K.) عَكَوَّكَانٌ Plump, fat, and short. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) مِعَكٌّ A horse that runs a little and then requires to be struck (S, O, K, TA) with the whip. (TA.) b2: And A man contentious, disputatious, or litigious; (O, K;) difficult to be managed. (O.) إِبِلٌ مَعْكُوكَةٌ Camels confined, or kept within bounds. (S, O.)

زهد

1 زَهِدَ فِيهِ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and عَنْهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـَ (S, K;) [the most usual form of the verb;] and زَهَدَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K;) which is the most approved form, though MF says otherwise; (TA;) and زَهُدَ, aor. ـُ (Th, K;) inf. n. زُهْدٌ and زَهَادَةٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and زَهْدٌ; (Sb, TA;) He abstained from it; [meaning, from something that would gratify the passions or senses;] relinquished it; forsook it; shunned, or avoided, it; did not desire it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) contr. of رَغِبَ [i. e. of رَغِبَ فِيهِ], (S, K,) and i. q. رَغِبَ عَنْهُ, (A, Mgh,) and لَمْ يُرِدْهُ, (Mgh,) and تَرَكَهُ and أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ: (Msb:) or he abstained from it, meaning a thing of the lawfulness of which he was sure, so far as to take the least that was sufficient thereof, leaving the rest to God: (MF:) or زَهَادَةٌ relates only to worldly things; and زُهْدٌ, to matters of religion: (Kh, Msb, K:) or both signify the exercising oneself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion; as also ↓ تَزَهُّدٌ: (KL:) he who makes a difference between زَهِدَ فِيهِ and زَهِدَ عَنْهُ errs. (Mgh.) b2: زَهَادَةٌ and زُهْدٌ also signify [particularly The being abstinent in respect of eating;] the eating little. (A, TA.) b3: And زَهَدَ and ↓ ازهد He straitened his household, by reason of niggardliness or poverty. (TA in art. زنق.) A2: زَهَدَهُ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. زَهْدٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He computed, or determined, its quantity, measure, size, bulk, proportion, extent, amount, sum, or number; or he computed by conjecture its quantity or measure &c., or the quantity of its fruit; as also ↓ ازهدهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. إِزْهَادٌ; and ↓ زهّدهُ, inf. n. تَزْهِيدٌ: all used in relation to palm-trees. (TA.) You say, زَهَدْتُ النَّخْلُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (tropical:) I computed by conjecture the quantity of the fruit upon the palm-trees. (Esh-Sheybánee, S, TA.) And زَهَدْتُ المَالَ (assumed tropical:) I computed by conjecture the quantity, or amount, of the property; or the number of the camels or cattle. (JK.) 2 زهّدهُ فِيهِ [and عَنْهُ] He made him, or caused him, to abstain from it; to relinquish it; to forsake it; to shun, or avoid, it; or to be not desirous of it; (L, Msb;) i. q. زَغَّبَهُ عَنْهُ; (L;) trans. of زَهِدَ فِيهِ: (Msb:) [i. e.] التَّزْهِيدُ فِى الشَّىْءِ and عَنْهُ is the contr. of التَّرْغِيبُ فِيهِ. (S, K. *) b2: And التَّزْهِيدُ is also (tropical:) syn. with التَّبْخِيلُ. (K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, التَّبْخِيلُ.]) One says, النَّاسُ يُزَهِّدُونَهُ and يُبَخِّلُونَهُ (tropical:) [Men, or the people, impute to him, or accuse him of, niggardliness, or stinginess]. (A, TA.) And 'Adee. Ibn-Zeyd says, وَ لَلْبَخْلَةُ الأُولَى لِمَنْ كَانَ بَاخِلًا

أَعَقُّ وَمَنْ يَبْخَلْ يُلَمْ وَ يُزْهَّدِ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [And verily the first single act of niggardliness, of him who is acting in a niggardly manner, is most undutious to parents; (app. because generosity is what they enjoin above all things;) and he who is niggardly is blamed, and] is charged with being a niggard, a low or mean or sordid man. (TA.) b3: See also 1.4 ازهد, (JK, L,) inf. n. إِزْهَادٌ, (JK, S, L,) He was, or became, one whose property was not desired, because of its littleness; (JK, L;) he possessed little property, (S * L,) which, because of its littleness, was not desired. (L.) b2: See also 1.

A2: ازهدهُ: see 1, near the end.5 تزهّد He manifested, or made a show of, زُهْد [or abstinence, &c., generally meaning exercise in the service of God, or devotion]: (KL:) [and] he devoted himself to the service of God, or to religious exercises; or applied himself to acts of devotion. (S, Msb.) See also 1.6 تزاهدوهُ (assumed tropical:) They contemned, or despised, him, or it. (K.) It is said in a trad., of wine-drinkers, تزاهدوا الحَدَّ, i. e. they contemned the حَدّ [or prescribed castigation]; held it in little, or mean, estimation; regarded it as a small thing. (TA.) [See also what next follows.]8 اِزْدَهَدَهُ (assumed tropical:) He reckoned it little. (K.) Yousay, فُلَانٌ يَزْدَهِدُ عَطَآءَ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one reckons little the gift of such a one. (ISk, S.) [See also what next precedes.]

زَهْدٌ (tropical:) A small quantity. (A.) You say, خُذْ زَهْدَ مَا يَكْفِيكَ (JK, S, K) (tropical:) Take thou the small quantity that is sufficient for thee: (A:) or as much as is sufficient for thee. (JK, S.) زَهَدٌ (tropical:) The poor-rate; syn. زَكَاةٌ: (A, K:) mentioned by Aboo-Sa'eed, on the authority of Mubtekir El-Bedawee: so called, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, because of its littleness; the زكاة of property being the least portion of it; or, accord. to the A, because the fortieth part [which is its general proportion] is little. (TA.) So in the saying, مَا لَكَ تَمْنَعُ الزَّهَدَ (tropical:) [What aileth thee that thou refusest the poor-rate?]. (A, TA.) أَرْضٌ زَهَادٌ (assumed tropical:) Land that does not flow with water except in consequence of much rain: (S:) or land that flows with water in consequence of the least rain; (ISk, JK, and TA in art. حشد;) as also حَشَادٌ; (ISk, TA in art. حشد;) [contr. of أَرْضٌ رَغَابٌ: see also زَهِيدٌ.] And زَهَادُ التِّلَاعِ (assumed tropical:) The small water-courses. (L.) زَهِيدٌ Who eats little; (T, K;) applied to a man; (T;) [and] so زَهِيدُ الأَكْلِ; (S;) or زَهِيدُ الطَّعْمِ: (A:) and so زَهِيدٌ or زَهِيدَةٌ, (as in different places in the T,) applied to a woman: contr. of [رَغِيبٌ and] رَغِيبَةٌ. (T.) You say, فُلَانٌ زَهِيدٌ ↓ زَاهِدٌ, i. e. [Such a one is abstinent, &c., and] a small eater. (A.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Small in quantity or number: (S, Msb, K:) so applied to a gift. (S.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Contemptible, despicable, mean, or paltry. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) A man who possesses, or does, little, or no, good. (A, TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A man (Lh, TA) narrow, or niggardly, in disposition; (Lh, K, TA;) as also ↓ زَاهِدٌ; (K;) fem. of the former with ة: (Lh, TA:) a low, ignoble, ungenerous, mean, or sordid, man; such that one does not desire what he possesses; as also ↓ زَاهِدٌ. (L.) b6: هُوَ زَهِيدُ العَيْنِ, and لَهُ عَيْنٌ زَهِيدَةٌ, (tropical:) He is content with little; contr. of هُوَ رَغِيبُ العَيْنِ and لَهُ عَيْنٌ رَغِيبَةٌ. (A, TA.) b7: وَادٍ زَهِيدٌ (assumed tropical:) A narrow valley: (JK, K:) or a valley that takes, or receives, little water; (ISh, S, TA;) that is made to flow by a slight quantity of water, even as much as a she-goat voids into it, because it is even and hard: (ISh, TA:) contr. of وَادٍ رَغِيبٌ. (TA in art. رغب.) [See also زَهَادٌ.] And زَهِيدُ الأَرْضِ (assumed tropical:) What is narrow, of land; and that from which much water does not come forth: pl. زُهْدَانٌ. (L.) زِهِّيدٌ: see the next paragraph.

زَاهِدٌ act. part. n. of زَهِدَ [i. e. Abstaining, or abstinent; relinquishing; forsaking; shunning, or avoiding; not desiring or desirous: and particularly abstaining from, or shunning, or retiring from, worldly pleasures; exercising himself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion; a devotee]: and ↓ زِهِّيدٌ has a similar, but intensive, meaning [i. e. abstaining much, or very abstinent; &c.]: pl. of the former زُهَّادٌ. (Msb, TA.) See also زَهِيدٌ, in three places.

مُزْهِدٌ A man possessing little property, (JK, S, A,) so that one does not desire it. (JK.) It is said in a trad., أَفْضَلُ النَّاسِ مُؤْمِنٌ مُزْهِدٌ, meaning [The most excellent of men is a believer] possessing little property. (S, A.)

ميز

1 مَازَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. مَيْزٌ; (S, A, Msb, K;) and ↓ ميّزهُ (S, K,) inf. n. تَمْيِيزٌ; (S;) or the latter has an intensive signification; (Msb;) He put it, or set it, apart, away, or aside; removed it; or separated it; (S, A, Msb, K;) from another thing, or other things; (Msb;) as also ↓ امازهُ: (K:) [or the second, rather, he did so much, or greatly, or widely; like زَيَّلَهُ.] Yousay, مَازَهُ مِنْهُ, and ↓ ميّزهُ. (A.) Ex. مَازَ الأَذَى مِنَ الطَّرِّيق He put aside, or removed, what was hurtful from the road. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [viii. 38,] لِيَمِيزَ اللّٰهُ الخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ [That God may separate, or sever, the evil from the good]. (Msb.) [It seems also, from what is said in the A, that مَايَزْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا signifies I separated them two: besides having another signification, which see below.] Yousay also مَازَ الشَّىْءَ, (aor. and inf. n. as above, TA,) meaning, He separated one part of the thing from another; فَصَلَ بَعْضَهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ, (M, TA,) or عَنْ بَعْضٍ: (as in a copy of the A:) expl. in the K as signifying فَضَّلَ بَعْضَهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ [he judged, or made, part of the thing to excel, or to have excelled, another]; but the explanation in the M is the right. (TA.) And الأَشْيَآءَ ↓ ميّز He separated the things after knowledge of them. (Msb.) b2: [Hence, He distinguished it, or discriminated it, or discerned it. And مَازَ بَيْنَ الأَشْيَآءِ, and بَيْنَهَا ↓ مَيَّزَ, He distinguished, or discriminated, or discerned, between the things. This is what is meant by its being said,] المَيْزُ also signifies التَّمْيِيزُ بَيْنَ الأَشْيَآءِ. (TA.) You say also, بَيْنَهُمَا ↓ مَايَزْتُ [I distinguished, or discriminated, or discerned, between them two]. (A.) From ميّز الاشيآء, meaning as explained above, is [also], app., derived the phrase سِنُّ التَّمْيِيزِ, used by the doctors of practical law, as signifying, [The age of discrimination;] the age at which one knows what things are beneficial to him and what are hurtful to him: or, accord. to some, التَّمْيِيز is a faculty in the brain whereby meanings are elicited. (Msb.) A2: مَازَ [is also intrans., and signifies] He (a man) removed from one place to another. (IAar, K.) See also 8.2 مَيَّزَ see مَازَهُ, throughout.3 مَاْيَزَ see مَازَهُ, in two places.4 أَمْيَزَ see مَازَهُ, first signification.5 تَمَيَّزَ see 8, throughout. b2: You say also, فُلَانٌ يَكَادُ يَتَمَيَّزُ مِنَ الغَيْظِ Such a one almost bursts asunder with wrath, or rage. (S, K. *) The like is said in the Kur, lxvii. 8, tropically, of hell. (A, TA.) 6 تَمَاْيَزَ see 8, throughout.7 إِنْمَيَزَ see 8, throughout.8 امتاز, and ↓ تميّز, (S, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ انماز. (S, A, K,) and ↓ إِمَّازَ, (Lh, TA,) [the last being a variation of that immediately preceding,] and ↓ استماز, (S, A, K,) It was, or became, put, or set, apart, away, or aside; or removed; or separated; (S, A, * Msb, * K;) from another thing, or other things: (Msb:) and the last, ↓ استماز, he went, or withdrew, aside, or to a distance, (K, TA,) عَنِ الشَّىْءِ from the thing. (TA.) All these forms are syn.; but in the phrase مِزْتُهُ فَلَمْ يَمَّزْ [as though signifying I put it, or set it, apart, &c., but it did not remain so] Lh allows the verbs to be only in these two forms: (TA:) [though ↓ انماز is used in other cases; for] you say انماز ↓ عَنْ مُصَلَّاهُ He shifted from his place of prayer; or quitted it for another. (TA.) [See also 1, last signification.] You say also, امتار القَوْمُ, meaning, تميّز ↓ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ [The people were, or became, put, or set, apart, &c., one from another]: (S, TA:) and, as also ↓ تميّزوا, they became on one side: or they became alone, or separate: and the former, they withdrew, in a company or troop, aside; as also ↓ استمازوا: (TA:) and [in like manner] ↓ تمايزوا they became separated: (A:) and they formed themselves into separate companies, or troops, and went away, one from another. (TA. [التَّمَايُزُ being there said to signify التَّحَزُّبُ وَالتَّنَافُرُ.]) b2: [امتاز, and the other forms mentioned above, in the first sentence of the paragraph, as syn. with it, also signify It was, or became, distinguished, or discriminated, or discerned: in which sense, ↓ تميّز is the most common. You say also, تميّز ↓ فُلَانٌ بِالْكَرَمِ Such a one was, or became, distinguished by generosity. And تَمَايَزَتِ ↓ الأَشْيَآءُ and ↓ تُمَيَّزَت The things were, or became, distinguished, or discriminated, one from another; or distinct.]10 إِسْتَمْيَزَ see 8, throughout.

مَيْزٌ inf. n. of 1, q. v. b2: Also, High or elevated rank or condition or state [by which one is distinguished from others]. (TA.) مِيزَةٌ [The act of putting, or setting, apart, away, or aside; of removing, or separating]: a subst. from مَازَهُ. (TA.) b2: [Discrimination, or discernment: and hence,] understanding. (TA.) رَجُلٌ مَيَّازٌ, and ↓ مُمَيِّزٌ, [A man of much discrimination or discernment.] (A.) مُمَيِّزٌ [Distinguishing, or discriminating: and hence, a rational animal]. رَجُلٌ مُمَيِّزٌ: see مَيَّازٌ.

ميز: ميز عن غيره: (بوشر): فصل -ولعله يقصد من غيره. المترجم-.
ميز: له القدرة على التمييز بين الحق والباطل (معجم الماوردي. معجم التنبيه، حيان بسام 1: 143).
ميز: قدر، عرف، تعرف (فوك) (الكالا) ( conocer ميز conocide ser غير مميز desconocido) ( البكري 148:2): وهم يلتزمون النقاب فإذا حسر أحدهم عن وجهه لم يميزه أحد من أهله. (وفيه 170:14 و173:6): وهم يميزون موضعه من النيل بتحرك الماء على ظهره. (في عباد 1: 54): و (فوك) ميز روحه، وعن روحه: recognoscere.
ميز: نظر، تأمل (البكري 87:8): ينادي بعضهم ميز ميز أي انظر وفي (ألف ليلة برسل 2: 232): فجعل الغلام يميزها وفي (8: 191) فنظر أبو نواس وميزهم وفي رواية (نظر إلى): ففي (2: 327): وجعلها نميز إلى تلك القدرة.
ميز: أشار (ألف ليلة 13: 703): فقالا لهم ميزوهم لنا بأعيانهم مميزوهم لهما.
ميز: تتعدى إلى المفعول به بنفسها أو بعلى. استعرض الجند (معجم الأسبانية: 83، النويري أفريقية 54): التمييز ومعناه العرض (مخطوطة كوبنهاجن المجهولة الهوية 14، 15، 20 [ثلاثة مرات] 24 الحلل 58) وأمر بعرض الجيوش والتمييز عليهم فميزوا.
تميزا: اشتهر، برع (عبد الواحد 18، 5): سمع الحديث وتميز في ذلك (المقري 1: 136).
رجل متميز: مشهور، متفوق، ممتاز (أماري 2: 511).
متميز عن: متغاير الخواص والعناصر (حيان 92): أمير العرب المتميزين عن اضدادهم المولودين والعجم والمنضمين إلى أمثالهم ممن هم على شاكلتهم ففي (ص38): حين اندلعت الحرب بين العرب، من جهة، والمولدين والأسبان المسيحيين من جهة أخرى تميزت أحزابهم بعض إلى بعض بكل جهة (وفيه) تميزت إليهم نصارى الذمة، (وفيه 40): عندما تميزت الأحزاب بالعصبية (50، 92).
تميز: انظر (فوك) في مادة cognoscere.
تميز: احتمى، وقع في، هجم على، ارتمى في، اختفى، تسلل إلى (حيان 92): تميز بهم سوار إلى المدينة بغرناطة.
تميز: (متعديا بنفسه): رمق، تأمل (ألف ليلة، برسل 2: 22): فنظر السلطان إلى نور الدين وزير مصر وتميزه فلاق بخاطره (وفيه 93) فتميز نواحي الدار ونظرها، تميز في: (عنتر 64: 2): والملك كسرى يتميز في طوله وعرضه ويسمع كلامه ولفظه.
تميز ب: حاز على، استحوذ على (البربرية 2: 32).
تمايز: امتاز (معجم مسلم).
تمايز: استقل بميزة (معجم مسلم).
تمايز: تأمل، أمعن النظر (ألف ليلة، برسل 2: 187) وتمايزت جسده فرأيت عليه أثر ضرب المقارع.
امتاز: تميز (دي ساسي كرست 2: 267) وأما قاضي القضاة الشافعي فرسمه الطرحة وبها يمتاز أي رداؤه الذي يختص به.
امتاز ذا من ذا: اختلف هذا من ذاك (فوك).
امتاز إلى: اتحد، انضم إلى (أخبار 58:4).
امتاز: ارتمى إلى، احتمى، انسحب إلى (حيان 49): فامتاز ابن عمرون ومن قام معه إلى حصن قرقبة واعتصموا به.
امتاز ب: سيطر على، هيمن على، قهر، كبح (البربرية 1: 45).
ميز: تمييز (عبد الواحد 218، 2، المقري 1، 12).
ميز: معرفة (الكالا).
قلة ميز: عقوق، نكران، كفران (الكالا desconocimiento = غير شاكرين).
ميز: في (المغرب) استعراض الجند (معجم الأسبانية 82 - 3) وفي (مخطوطة كوبنهاجن المجهولة الهوية 122): فلما خرج غمراسان برسم الميز من تلمسان واجتمع عليه الأجناد والقواد (123): ولما وقف أبو يحيى للميز قدم المسلمين وميزهم.
ميز: السجل الذي تدون فيه أسماء الجنود (معجم الأسبانية).
ميز: القرار، وهو ما يصدر، بعد المداولة، من تنفيذ عزم قبائل الجزائر (القبيلي) في نزع السلاح (دوماس قبيلي 45، 264).
ميز: غنيمة (بوشر).
مياز: انظرها في (فوك) في مادة ( discrecio) .
أميز: أكثر تميزا، أكثر أهمية (ألف ليلة 1: 149): وكان الصغير أميز من الكبير في الصباحة والملاحة (ابن الشحنة، مخطوطة رقم 1444:89): وإليها تنسب الكورة وإن كان فيها ما هو أميز منها (وفي 100): ومما اختصت به أن سائر الأقوات التي تكون بها من قمح وشعير وغيرهما من الحبوب أرصن وأرجح وزنا وأميز وأقوى وأرخى منها في غيرها (هذه العبارات لم تقدم من السيد دي غوغ إلي ثم أنني قد صححت العبارة الثانية).
تمييز: حول يوم التمييز (لابن تومرت) انظر (ابن الأثير 10: 406).
مميز: خاص. اسم مميز: اسم علم (الكالا)، كتبة مميزة: مكتوبة بخط المؤلف (الكالا كتبها مميز بدلا من مميزة).
مميز: مشهور، ذائع الصيت (الكالا).
مميازة: تمييز، اختلاف، مفضلة، لها الصدارة، متفردة أولها امتياز وأفضلية (بوشر).
امتياز: والجمع امتيازات وفي (محيط المحيط) (الامتياز .. عند أرباب السياسة أنعام مختص يعطى من الحكومة لرجل أو جماعة لبيع صنف من البضاعة أو عمل من الأعمال مانعة من سواهم عن تعاطيه وذلك يكون في الغالب إلى مدة معينة).